Industrial Training Report

Industrial Training

At

Pretty Composite Textile LTD.

Submitted by

Md. Sahin Alom

201010045

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

GREEN UNIVERSITY OF BANGLADESH

Supervised By

Shahriar Mahmud Kabir

Assistant Professor
Department of EEE

An industrial training report submitted to the Department of EEE for the partial
fulfillment of the degree of B.Sc. in Electrical & Electronic Engineering

July 2023
 Certification
This is to certify that this industrial training report is done by the following student under
my direct supervision, and this industrial training has been carried out in Pretty
Composite Textile Ltd. in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Bachelor of Science in Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department, Green
University of Bangladesh. The industrial training was started on the 27th of March, 2023,
and ended on the 12th of April, 2023.

Signature of the candidates

————————
Md Sahin Alom
ID: 201010045

Signature of Academic Supervisor Signature of Industrial Supervisor

———————— ————————
Assistant Professor DGM (Maintenance)
Green University of Bangladesh Pretty Composite Textile Ltd.
 Dedication
"To my dearest Mom and Dad,

Thank you! It will never be enough for all you have done for me. Your unconditional
love, unwavering support, and endless sacrifices have been the pillars of strength in my
life.

From the first steps I took to the dreams I pursued, you have been there, cheering me on
at every turn. Your belief in me gave me the confidence to overcome challenges and
strive for greatness.

I cherish the countless moments we've shared – the laughter, the tears, and the simple
joys that bind us together. Your love has been a guiding light, and I am forever grateful
for the values you instilled in me.

As I dedicate myself to the future, I carry your love. My greatest wish is to make you
proud and repay your kindness by being the best version of myself.
 Abstract

This internship at Pretty Composite Textiles LTD provided valuable insights into the
operations of a leading textile manufacturing company. Throughout the training, I
witnessed the company's commitment to producing top-quality composite materials by
leveraging cutting-edge technology and adhering to sustainable practices. Their
emphasis on research and development ensures continuous improvement and positions
them as pioneers in textile innovation. I had the opportunity to observe the company's
customer-centric approach, with a focus on personalized solutions and fostering strong
client relationships. Pretty Composite Textiles LTD's dedication to excellence and
responsible production solidifies its standing as a prominent leader in the competitive
textile industry. This internship experience has been enlightening, offering a firsthand
understanding of the intricacies of maintaining success and prominence within the
dynamic textile sector.

i
 Acknowledgment

I extend my heartfelt gratitude to everyone who supported and guided me during my

Pretty Composite Textile LTD internship.

Special thanks to my industrial supervisor, Md. Sohel Rana (DGM Maintenance), for his
invaluable electrical and industrial engineering guidance.

I am grateful to my academic supervisor, Shahriar Mahmud Kabir, for bridging theory

and real-world applications.

Thanks to the management and staff at Pretty Composite Textile LTD for providing a
conducive learning environment and access to state-of-the-art facilities. I appreciate the
collaboration and expertise of the entire team at Pretty Composite Textile LTD.
Lastly, my friends and family's unwavering support meant the world. This internship has
been an invaluable experience for my professional growth.

ii
 Contents
Abstract …………………………………………………………………………… i
Acknowledgment …………………………………………………………………. ii
List of Figures……………………………………………………………………... v
List of Tables……………………………………………………………………… vi
List of Symbols……………………………………………………………………. vii
List of viii
Acronyms…………………………………………………………………...
Chapter 1 Introduction………………………………………………………….. 8
Overview of Pretty Composite Textile 10
Ltd…………………………………........
2.1 Brief Overview of The Organization…………………………... 10
……...........
2.2 The Role of The 10
People…………………………………………………......
2.3 Justification of this Industrial Training 12
Work……………………………….
Chapter 3 Activities, Experiences, Analysis, and 14
Discussion…………………...
3.1 Training Activities…………………………………………………............. 14
3.2 Training Experience………………………………………………………... 17
3.3 Initial expectations and how the experience 18
matched………………………
Chapter 4 Lessons Learned from Industrial 20
Training………………………......
4.1 Generator and Electrical 20
Systems…………………………………………...
4.2 REB-Substation and 22
Transformers………………………………………….
4.3 HT Switchgear and Power 24
Distribution……………………………………..
4.4 Power Factor Improvement (PFI) and 26

iii
 Methods…………………………….
4.5 LT Panel and Electrical 29
Distribution………………………………………..
4.6 Busbar Trunking System (BBT) and Power 31
Transmission………………….
4.7 ACB and Electrical Circuit 32
Protection……………………………………...
4.8 MCCB and Electrical Circuit 35
Safety………………………………………..
4.9 Boiler Equipment and Steam 35
Generation…………………………………...
4.10 Dyeing and Textile Coloration……………………………………………... 38
Chapter 5 Conclusion and Recommendation…………………………………... 40

iv
 List of Figures

Figure 4.1: 3~ Generator Rating plate ……………... 21

………………………………..
Figure 4.2: 22
Generator………………………………………………………………...
Figure 4.3: REB Substation 24
…………………………………………………………
Figure 4.4: HT Switchgear 25
…………………………………………………………..
Figure 4.5: Parts of HT Switchgear 26
………….............................................................
Figure 4.6: PFI………... 28
……………………………………………………………..
Figure 4.7: LT Panel ….. 30
…..........................................................................................
Figure 4.8: Busbar Trunking System ……….. 32
……………………………………….
Figure 4.9: ACB…………………………………………………………………….. 33
Figure 4.10: MCCB…………………………………………………………………. 35
Figure 4.11: Boiler………………………………………………………………….. 37
Figure 3.12: Canlar Dying Machine 39
…………………………………………………

v
 List of Tables

Table 4.1 Boiler in Pretty Composite Textile Ltd. 37

vi
 List of Symbols

β Beta

α Alpha

θ Theta

γ Gamma

ρ Rho (Density)

π Pi (3.1416)

vii
 List of Acronyms

HT High-Tension

LT Low-Tension

BBT Busbar Trunking System

ACB Air Circuit Breaker

VCB Vacuum Circuit Breaker

MCCB Molded Case Circuit Breaker

MCB Miniature Circuit Breaker

EGB Exhaust Gas Boiler

ATS Automatic Transfer Switch

DB Distribution Board

REB Bangladesh Rural Electrification Board

PFI Power Factor Improvement

ETP Effluent Treatment Plant

WTP Water Treatment Plant

viii
 Chapter 1
Introduction
In the dynamic world of engineering and industrial practices, gaining hands-on experience
through internships plays a pivotal role in shaping the future of aspiring professionals. As an
electrical engineering enthusiast, I had the privilege of embarking on a transformative journey
during my industrial training at Pretty Composite Textile Ltd. Located in the bustling city of
Dhaka, Bangladesh, Pretty Composite Textile Ltd. stands as a prominent player in the textile
industry, excelling in the manufacturing and distribution of high-quality textiles and apparel.

From 27th March 2023 to 12th April 2023, I delved into electrical systems, power
distribution, and textile manufacturing, immersing myself in diverse technologies and
processes. Throughout this immersive experience, I had the opportunity to work with cutting-
edge electrical equipment, witness the seamless operation of power distribution systems, and
gain a profound understanding of the intricate world of textile coloration and production.

This industrial training not only offered me invaluable knowledge but also provided me with
the practical skills and insights necessary to thrive in the fast-paced industrial landscape.
From exploring the operation of generators, transformers, and switchgear systems to learning
the art of textile dyeing and coloration, every moment of this training has enriched my
understanding of the electrical engineering domain and its applications in textile
manufacturing.

In this report, I shall take you through a comprehensive overview of the critical aspects of my
industrial training at Pretty Composite Textile Ltd. Each chapter will delve into specific areas
of learning, showcasing the technological marvels I encountered and the valuable experiences
that contributed to my professional growth. From power factor improvement to the
significance of boilers in steam generation, this report will provide an in-depth analysis of my
training journey.

Moreover, I shall reflect on the impact of this training on my understanding of electrical

systems, power distribution, and textile manufacturing, shedding light on the newfound
perspectives and skills that have shaped my career aspirations. The dedication and support of
the team at Pretty Composite Textile Ltd. have been instrumental in making this training a
Chapter 1: Introduction

resounding success, and I shall express my heartfelt gratitude for the opportunity to learn and
grow under their mentorship.

I have gained during my industrial training at Pretty Composite Textile Ltd. This journey has
broadened my horizons and ignited a passion to make a meaningful contribution to the ever-
evolving world of electrical engineering and textile manufacturing.

Page | 10
 Chapter 2
Briefly introduces Pretty Composite
Textile Ltd
2.1 Brief Overview of The Organization
Pretty Composite Textiles Ltd. is located at Jamgara Zirabo, Dhaka, Bangladesh, with a
postal code 1700. The company operates in the industry of "Apparel, Piece Goods, and
Notions Merchant Wholesalers." As a wholesaler in this industry, the company
distributes and sells various apparel products, piece goods (such as fabrics and textiles),
and notions (sewing and clothing accessories) to retailers and other businesses in the
textile and fashion sector.

Additionally, Pretty Composite Textile Ltd. is a prominent company operating in the

textile and apparel industry. It is involved in various segments, including apparel, piece
goods, notions merchant wholesaling, apparel accessories, and other apparel
manufacturing, cut and sew apparel manufacturing, and the production of men's and
boy's clothing. The company's diverse portfolio also encompasses apparel and
accessories for men and boys, not otherwise classified. With its wide range of products
and services, Pretty Composite Textile Ltd. has established itself as a significant player
in the textile and fashion market.

2.2 The Role of the People

The role of the people in Pretty Composite Textiles Ltd. is diverse and crucial to the
company's success. Each individual and team contributes their expertise and efforts,
collectively driving the organization towards its goals, maintaining quality standards,
fostering innovation, and satisfying customer needs. Through their dedication and
commitment, the people created a thriving and sustainable textile business that stands out
in the industry. Here are some key roles that individuals fulfill within the organization:
Chapter 2: Briefly introduce Pretty Composite Textile Ltd

Employees: Employees are the company's backbone, involved in various departments

such as production, sales, marketing, finance, and administration. They bring their skills,
knowledge, and expertise to perform specific tasks and responsibilities, ensuring the
smooth day-to-day operations of the business.

Management Team: The management team, including executives, managers, and

supervisors, plays a crucial role in setting the company's strategic direction, making
critical decisions, and overseeing operations. They provide leadership and guidance to
employees, ensuring the organization works efficiently and achieves its goals.
Sales and Marketing Team: The sales and marketing team promotes the company's
products and services, reaches out to potential clients, and maintains strong relationships
with existing customers. Their efforts drive sales and revenue, contributing to the
company's growth and market presence.
R&D and Innovation Team: The research and development team focuses on exploring
new technologies, materials, and product designs to enhance the company's
competitiveness and offer innovative solutions to customers. They drive product
development and improvements.
Quality Assurance Team: The quality assurance team ensures that products meet the
required standards and specifications. They conduct rigorous testing and inspections,
guaranteeing that customers receive high-quality and reliable products.
Human Resources: The HR department hires, trains, and manages employees. They
foster a positive work environment, handle employee relations, and facilitate
professional development to ensure a motivated and skilled workforce.
Finance Team: The finance team manages financial matters such as budgeting,
accounting, and financial reporting. They monitor the company's financial health,
ensuring sound financial decisions and compliance with regulations.
Supply Chain and Logistics Team: This team oversees the sourcing of raw materials,
inventory management, and distribution of finished products. They optimize the supply
chain to ensure timely production and delivery of goods.
Customer Support Team: The customer support team assists customers with inquiries,
complaints, and after-sales service. They maintain strong client relationships, addressing
their needs and ensuring high customer satisfaction.

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Chapter 2: Briefly introduce Pretty Composite Textile Ltd

Safety and Compliance Officers: These individuals focus on maintaining a safe

working environment and ensuring compliance with relevant regulations and standards,
promoting a culture of safety and responsibility.

2.3 Justification of this Industrial Training Work

The industrial training conducted at Pretty Composite Textiles Ltd. holds significant
justification due to its multifaceted benefits and impact on the trainees and the company.
Through this training, individuals were able to bridge the gap between theoretical
knowledge and practical application, gaining hands-on experience that is essential for
their professional growth.

During the training, trainees had the opportunity to work with cutting-edge technology
and machinery, immersing themselves in textile manufacturing. This practical exposure
allowed them to understand the complexities of industrial operations and the intricacies
of working with industrial equipment. They also acquired valuable problem-solving,
teamwork, and communication skills, indispensable in any professional setting.

The training encompassed various electrical topics, including generators, transformers,

switchgear, power factor improvement, electrical distribution panels, and power
transmission systems. Trainees were exposed to different types of generators, their
capacity, voltage, and power factor, and they learned about the significance of power
factor improvement for energy efficiency.

Additionally, the training covered the operation of transformers and their vital role in
voltage regulation and electrical isolation. Trainees became familiar with high-tension
(HT) switchgear and its role in controlling, protecting, and isolating high-voltage power
systems.

Moreover, they learned about low-tension (LT) panels, their capacity, and their role in
electrical distribution, including circuit breakers and fuses for safeguarding electricity
flow.

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Chapter 2: Briefly introduce Pretty Composite Textile Ltd

The training also touched on the significance of busbar trunking systems (BBT) in power
transmission and their role in large-scale commercial and industrial settings.
Understanding air circuit breakers (ACB) and molded case circuit breakers (MCCB)
allowed trainees to grasp the importance of electrical circuit protection and safety
measures.

The electrical learning experience extended to boiler equipment, steam generation, and
dyeing processes. Trainees were introduced to the functionality and applications of
boilers in generating steam for heating, power generation, and industrial processes. They
also gained insights into dyeing processes, where electrical systems play a crucial role in
maintaining temperature and ensuring precise coloration.

Overall, the electrical learning provided during the industrial training at Pretty
Composite Textiles Ltd. equipped trainees with valuable knowledge and practical skills
essential for a career in electrical engineering and related fields. The experience in
working with industrial electrical systems laid a strong foundation for their future
endeavors in the electrical industry and contributed to their overall professional growth
and expertise.

Page | 14
 Chapter 3
Activities, Experiences, Analysis, and
Discussion
3.1 Training Activities
The 11-day and 88 hours of industrial training at Pretty Composite Textiles Ltd.
provided 88 hours of valuable learning and hands-on experience in the electrical domain.
Each day was carefully structured to maximize our exposure to various electrical systems
and equipment used in the textile industry. Here is a summary of our training journey:

Day 1 (8 hours):

 Introduction to the company and safety briefing

 Hands-on experience with generator operations and control panel functions
 Familiarization with the EGB Boiler and its components
 Understanding the Air Compressor system and its role
 Practical training on ATS Panel and LT Panel operations
 Exploring the Main DB Board for power distribution

Day 2 (8 hours):

 Visit the REB Substation and understand its significance.

 Learning about transformers and their role in voltage regulation
 Hands-on experience with HT Switchgear and PFI equipment
 Practical training on ACB and VCB operations

Day 3 (8 hours):

 Detailed training on Boiler operations, including gas-type boilers of various

capacities.
 Practical experience in handling EGB and Boiler operations

Day 4 (8 hours):
  In-depth training on ETP (Effluent Treatment Plant) operations and control
systems.

Day 5 (8 hours):

 Learning about WTP (Water Treatment Plant) operations and control

 Practical experience with Booster Pump operations

Day 6 (8 hours):

 Visit the Knitting section and understand the Knitting system operations.

Day 7 (8 hours):

 Exploring the Dyeing section and its controlling system

Day 8 (8 hours): 9th April 2023

 Finishing Section Visit

 Load Capacity Calculation in Finishing Section
 Finishing Operation and Control

Day 9 (8 hours): 10th April 2023

 Fire Hydrant Plant Visit

 Electrical Pump Operation
 Diesel Pump Operation
 Jockey Pump Operation
 Fire Hydrant Plant Control

Day 10 (8 hours): 11th April 2023

 Yarn Designing and Its Operation and Control

 Cutting and Garments Section Visit
Chapter 3: Activities, Experiences, Analysis, and Discussion

Day 11 (8 hours): 12th April 2023

 Generator Section and Substation

 Revisit to Previous Sections for Recap

Trainees will have hands-on experience and practical exposure to various electrical
systems and equipment throughout the training. Experienced professionals will guide
them to ensure a comprehensive understanding of industrial processes and safety
measures. The training aims to equip the trainees with practical skills and knowledge

essential for a successful career in the electrical industry.

Page | 17
Chapter 3: Activities, Experiences, Analysis, and Discussion

3.2 Training Experience

During the internship at Pretty Composite Textiles Ltd., I had the opportunity to work
with various cutting-edge technologies directly related to my coursework in electrical
engineering. These technologies played a crucial role in the textile industry and allowed
me to bridge the gap between theoretical concepts and practical applications.

Electrical Panels and Distribution Systems:

Working with electrical panels, such as LT panels, HT switchgear, and distribution

boards, was a significant aspect of the internship. I applied my knowledge of power
distribution and electrical circuitry from my coursework to effectively design and
maintain these panels, ensuring a smooth and safe flow of electricity throughout the
plant.

Energy Management Systems:

The company emphasized sustainable practices, and I monitored energy consumption

using energy management systems. These systems allowed me to analyze power usage
patterns, identify areas of energy wastage, and propose energy-saving solutions. This
experience aligned with my coursework on energy efficiency and conservation.

Overall, the internship's technological aspect was invaluable in reinforcing the

knowledge and skills gained through my coursework in electrical engineering. It allowed
me to witness firsthand how the principles and theories taught in the classroom are
applied in a dynamic industrial environment. The hands-on experience with advanced
technologies enhanced my confidence in utilizing cutting-edge tools and systems,
making me better equipped for a successful career in the field of electrical engineering.

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Chapter 3: Activities, Experiences, Analysis, and Discussion

3.3 Initial expectations and how the experience matched.

Before starting the internship at Pretty Composite Textiles Ltd., I had certain initial
expectations about the experience. I anticipated gaining practical exposure to various
electrical systems and equipment used in the textile industry. I also expected to work
with cutting-edge technologies and apply the knowledge I acquired during my
coursework in electrical engineering. Additionally, I looked forward to understanding
how electrical engineering principles are implemented in a real-world industrial setting.

Throughout the internship, I found that my expectations were met and exceeded. The
experience provided extensive hands-on training in operating and maintaining electrical
systems. I worked with various technologies, including Electrical Panels Distribution
Systems and energy management systems, directly related to my coursework in control
systems and energy efficiency.

Moreover, my interactions with experienced professionals and exposure to advanced

electrical panels and distribution systems allowed me to apply theoretical knowledge to
practical scenarios. Understanding the operation of generators, control panels,
transformers, HT switchgear, and LT panels, among others, provided valuable insights
into their significance in an industrial setup.

The internship also allowed me to observe and work with cutting-edge technologies,
such as industrial automation and robotics. Witnessing the integration of collaborative
robots in certain plant sections showcased the future potential of automation in the textile
industry.

One aspect that pleasantly surprised me was the emphasis on sustainable practices,
particularly in the ETP (Effluent Treatment Plant) and energy management systems. My

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Chapter 3: Activities, Experiences, Analysis, and Discussion

coursework touched upon the importance of environmental responsibility, and being

involved in these areas during the internship reaffirmed my belief in the role of electrical
engineers in promoting sustainability.

Overall, the experience at Pretty Composite Textiles Ltd. Met my initial expectations and
provided me with an immersive and rewarding learning journey. It allowed me to apply
my coursework knowledge in a practical environment and expanded my understanding
of the diverse applications of electrical engineering in the textile industry. The internship
was a perfect blend of technological exposure, industrial insights, and professional
growth, impacting my career aspirations as an electrical engineer.

Page | 20
Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendation

Chapter 4
Lessons Learned from Industrial
Training
4.1 Generator and Electrical Systems

Overview of the MWM Gas Generators and Bangla CAT Generator:

During the internship at Pretty Composite Textiles Ltd., I gained hands-on experience
with two types of generators - MWM Gas Generators and Bangla CAT generators. The
MWM Gas Generators had capacities of 2300 KVA and 1875 KVA, while the Bangla
CAT Generator had 2200 KVA. These generators were vital power sources in the textile
plant, providing electricity to run the machinery and operations.

Figure 4.1: 3~ Generator Rating plate

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Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendation

Understanding the principles and functioning of generators:

Through practical training, I deepened my understanding of the principles behind

generator operation. Generators are devices that convert mechanical energy into
electrical energy through electromagnetic induction. They consist of a stationary
magnetic field and a rotating conductor, commonly called the rotor. When the rotor
spins, it induces an electric current in the stator windings, generating electrical power.

Figure 4.2: Generator

Gained knowledge about power capacity, voltage, and power factor:

During the internship, I familiarized myself with crucial technical aspects of generators,
such as power capacity, voltage, and power factor. Power capacity is the maximum
amount of electrical power a generator can produce, measured in kilovolt-amperes
(KVA) or kilowatts (kW). The voltage output of the generators at Pretty Composite
Textiles Ltd. was 400V.

The power factor is an essential parameter in electrical systems, representing the ratio of
real power to apparent power. A power factor 1.0 indicates maximum power efficiency,
while a lower power factor implies inefficient power usage due to reactive power
consumption. Understanding power capacity, voltage, and power factor allowed me to
gauge the performance and efficiency of the generators and their impact on the overall
power system.

Page | 22
Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendation

Overall, the exposure to MWM Gas Generators and Bangla CAT Generator, combined
with understanding their principles and technical specifications, was invaluable. This
knowledge equipped me with a solid foundation in generator technology and its role in
the electrical systems of the textile industry. The practical experience in operating and
analyzing these generators will undoubtedly be beneficial in my future endeavors in the

field of electrical engineering.

4.2 REB-Substation and Transformers

1. Insight into the 11kV/440V Step Down Transformer:

During my internship at Pretty Composite Textiles Ltd., I worked with an 11kV/440V

Step Down Transformer. This type of transformer is commonly used to step down the
high voltage (11kV) received from the power grid to a lower voltage (440V) suitable for
distribution within the textile plant. Step-down ensures safe and efficient power
distribution to various loads and equipment.

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Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendation

Figure 4.3: REB Substation

2. Understanding the role of transformers in power distribution:

Transformers play a vital role in electrical power distribution. They facilitate the efficient
transmission of electricity by transforming voltage levels to match the requirements of
different facility sections. Step-down transformers, like the one at Pretty Composite
Textiles Ltd., lower the voltage for local distribution. In contrast, step-up transformers
are used at power generation plants to increase voltage for long-distance transmission.

3. Learning about voltage regulation and electrical isolation:

One of the essential functions of transformers is voltage regulation. They ensure that the
voltage supplied to equipment remains stable and within acceptable limits. This stable
voltage is critical to prevent damage to sensitive electrical components and ensure
consistent performance of machinery in the textile plant.

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Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendation

Additionally, transformers provide electrical isolation between different parts of the

electrical system. Isolation helps to protect equipment and personnel from electrical
hazards and prevents potential ground faults. Transformers enhance safety and reliability
in the power distribution network by providing galvanic separation.

Through my experience with the 11kV/440V Step Down Transformer, I gained valuable
insights into the significance of transformers in power distribution systems.
Understanding their role in voltage regulation and electrical isolation reinforced the
importance of these devices in ensuring a reliable and safe supply of electricity in the
textile industry.

Overall, the exposure to transformers and the practical knowledge gained during the
internship will prove invaluable in my future endeavors as an electrical engineer. This
experience will help me contribute effectively to designing and implementing efficient

power distribution systems in various industries.

4.3 HT Switchgear and Power Distribution

Overview of HT switchgear components - circuit

breakers, fuses, relays, and busbars:

During my industrial training at Pretty Composite

Textiles Ltd., I received a comprehensive overview of
High Tension (HT) switchgear and its essential
components. HT switchgear is an integral part of the
power distribution system, responsible for
controlling, protecting, and isolating high-voltage Figure 4.4: HT Switchgear
power circuits. The features of HT switchgear
include:

Page | 25
Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendation

 Circuit Breakers: These devices are designed to interrupt the flow of electricity
in the event of overloads or short circuit conditions. They act as a crucial safety
measure to protect the electrical system and connected equipment from damage.
 Fuses: Fuses are protective devices that melt when current exceeds a specific
threshold, breaking the electrical circuit and safeguarding the system from
excessive currents.
 Relays: Relays are electromechanical devices that act as automatic switches,
responding to electrical signals to control circuit operations and protect against
faults.
 Busbars: Busbars are conductive metal bars that distribute electrical power to
various circuits within the power distribution system. They provide a reliable and
efficient means of power transfer.

Figure 4.5: Parts of HT Switchgear

Understanding the functionality of these components allowed me to appreciate their vital

roles in ensuring a safe and reliable power distribution network.

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Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendation

2. Understanding the importance of stable power supply and safety:

The internship experience emphasized the critical importance of a stable power supply in
industrial operations, especially in the textile industry. Durable power is essential to
avoid production disruptions, prevent damage to equipment, and maintain product
quality. HT switchgear plays a significant role in achieving this stability by controlling
and protecting the electrical distribution network.

Safety was a paramount consideration during the training. I learned that HT switchgear
components are designed to ensure the electrical system’s safety and the personnel
working with it. Using circuit breakers and fuses helps promptly disconnect faulty
circuits, preventing electrical accidents and hazards.

Furthermore, HT switchgear provides isolation between different sections of the power

system, enhancing safety by preventing the spread of electrical faults.

Overall, the training provided valuable insights into the role of HT switchgear in power
distribution and its impact on ensuring a stable power supply and a safe working
environment. The knowledge gained during the internship will be instrumental in my
future career as an electrical engineer as I strive to design and implement robust and
reliable power distribution systems for industrial applications.

4.4 Power Factor Improvement (PFI) and Methods

1. Understanding the significance of power factor improvement:

During my industrial training at Pretty Composite Textiles Ltd., I learned about the
critical importance of power factor improvement (PFI) in electrical power systems. The
power factor measures the efficiency of electrical power in an AC circuit. A power factor
of 1.0 indicates maximum efficiency, where all the supplied power is used for practical
work. However, in many industrial settings, the power factor is less than 1.0 due to
reactive power, which does not perform helpful work but is necessary to operate
inductive loads such as motors and transformers.

Page | 27
Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendation

Figure 4.6: PFI

A low power factor results in inefficient energy usage, higher electricity consumption,
increased demand charges, and potential penalties from utility providers. Power factor
improvement is crucial to optimize energy usage, reduce electricity costs, and enhance
the overall efficiency of the electrical system.

2. Explaining the different methods used - Capacitor Banks, Synchronous

Condensers, and Phase Advancers:

a) Capacitor Banks:

Capacitor banks are one of the most common methods used for power factor
improvement. They consist of capacitors connected in parallel with the inductive loads.
Capacitors supply reactive power to offset the reactive power drawn by the inductive
loads, thereby increasing the power factor. Capacitor banks are available in various sizes

Page | 28
Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendation

and configurations to suit power requirements. They are cost-effective and easy to
install, making them popular for power factor correction in industrial settings.

b) Synchronous Condensers:

Synchronous condensers are rotating machines that act as electrical capacitors. They are
connected to the electrical system and are driven by electric motors or steam turbines.
Synchronous condensers provide reactive power and act as voltage stabilizers. They are
instrumental in power systems with fluctuating load demands, as they can quickly adjust
the reactive power output to maintain a stable power factor.

c) Phase Advancers:

Phase advancers are another method used to improve power factors in specific
applications. They are commonly used in induction motors to increase their power factor.
Phase advancers consist of additional windings that introduce a leading power factor to
the engine, offsetting the lagging power factor caused by the motor's inductive nature.
This results in improved motor efficiency and reduced power losses.

The methods of power factor improvement, such as capacitor banks, synchronous

condensers, and phase advancers, are applied based on the specific requirements and
characteristics of the electrical system. Implementing these methods at Pretty Composite
Textiles Ltd. allowed for enhanced power factor, increased energy efficiency, and
reduced electricity costs, showcasing the significance of power factor improvement in
the textile industry.

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Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendation

4.5 LT Panel and Electrical Distribution

Figure 4.7: LT Panel

1. Overview of LT Panels and their capacity at Pretty Composite Textile Ltd:

During my industrial training at Pretty Composite Textile Ltd., I gained valuable insights
into Low Tension (LT) Panels and their significance in electrical distribution. LT Panels,
or Distribution Boards, are electrical distribution boards that receive power from a
transformer or generator and distribute it to various electrical loads within the facility.

The LT Panel at Pretty Composite Textile Ltd. had a capacity of 7000 Amperes, making
it capable of handling a substantial amount of electrical current. Its robust design and
adequate capacity ensured efficient power distribution to meet the diverse demands of
the textile plant.

2. Understanding the role of circuit breakers and fuses in controlling electricity

flow:

Circuit breakers and fuses are integral components of the LT Panel, serving as protective
devices to control the flow of electricity and safeguard the electrical system. Circuit
breakers are automatic switches interrupting the electrical circuit when an overload or

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short circuit occurs. They act as safety mechanisms to prevent damage to electrical
equipment and wiring by isolating faulty circuits from the rest of the system.

Conversely, fuses are sacrificial elements designed to melt and break the circuit when
excessive current flows through them. Like circuit breakers, fuses offer protection
against overcurrent situations and contribute to the safety and reliability of the electrical
distribution system.

3. Importance of ensuring safe and reliable power distribution:

Safe and reliable power distribution, including textile manufacturing plants, is paramount
in any industrial facility. A well-designed and properly maintained electrical distribution
system, like the LT Panel, ensures that electrical power is delivered to various loads
without interruptions or electrical faults.

Safe power distribution prevents accidents, electrical hazards, and potential damage to
expensive machinery and equipment. It also minimizes production downtime,
maximizing overall efficiency and productivity.

Pretty Composite Textile Ltd. ensures a smooth and uninterrupted production process by
maintaining a safe and reliable electrical distribution system, ultimately enhancing
profitability and customer satisfaction.

Overall, the knowledge gained about LT Panels and their role in electrical distribution
during the internship underscored the significance of proper power management.
Understanding the importance of circuit breakers, fuses, and reliable power distribution
will undoubtedly contribute to my future endeavors as an electrical engineer, ensuring
the implementation of efficient and secure electrical systems in various industrial
settings.

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Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendation

4.6 Busbar Trunking System (BBT) and Power

Transmission

Figure 4.8: Busbar Trunking System

BBT systems offer several advantages that make them ideal for large-scale commercial
and industrial settings like textile manufacturing plants:

a) High Power Capacity: BBT systems have a high power-carrying capacity, making
them suitable for handling heavy electrical loads typical in industrial operations. Their
robust design allows for reliable power transmission without voltage drops or
interruptions.

b) Flexibility and Adaptability: BBT systems are modular and easily expandable.
Additional tap-off units can be installed at various points along the busbars, allowing for
flexibility in power distribution. This adaptability makes BBT systems suitable for
facilities with evolving power demands.

c) Space Efficiency: BBT systems are compact and occupy less space than traditional
cable-based power distribution systems. This efficient use of space is particularly
advantageous in large industrial settings where space optimization is essential.

d) Reduced Installation Time: BBT systems are prefabricated, significantly reducing

installation time compared to conventional cable systems. The quick installation
minimizes downtime during facility upgrades or expansions.

e) Enhanced Safety: BBT systems are designed with safety features, including
protective enclosures and insulation, to prevent accidental contact with live components.
The enclosed design ensures a safer working environment for personnel.

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Overall, the BBT system's capacity, efficiency, and safety features make it a preferred
choice for large-scale commercial and industrial power transmission. Its application at
Pretty Composite Textiles Ltd. showcased how BBT systems contribute to reliable and
efficient power distribution in the textile industry.

4.7 ACB and Electrical Circuit Protection

1. Overview of Air Circuit Breakers (ACB) and their role in protecting electrical
systems:

During my industrial training at Pretty Composite Textile Ltd., I was introduced to Air
Circuit Breakers (ACBs) and their critical role in ensuring electrical system protection.
ACBs are electrical circuit breakers designed to detect and interrupt fault currents in
electrical networks. They play a pivotal role in safeguarding electrical equipment,
machinery, and wiring from damage caused by overloads, short circuits, and other
electrical faults.

Figure 4.9: ACB

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Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendation

2. Understanding how ACBs detect and interrupt electrical faults:

ACBs have advanced protective features and trip units that detect abnormal electrical
conditions. When an excessive current flows through the circuit due to a fault, the trip
unit in the ACB quickly detects this irregularity and activates the breaker's tripping
mechanism. The tripping mechanism immediately opens the ACB's contacts, interrupting
the current flow and isolating the faulty section of the electrical system. This rapid
response prevents damage and potential hazards, ensuring the safety and reliability of the
overall electrical installation.

3. Importance of ACBs in power distribution, industrial control, and building

automation:

ACBs are indispensable components in various electrical applications due to their

versatility and reliability. They are widely used in power distribution systems, protecting
transformers, motors, and other critical equipment from overcurrent. ACBs provide
essential protection to control panels and automation systems in industrial settings,
ensuring seamless operation and minimizing downtime.

In building automation, ACBs are crucial in protecting electrical circuits and appliances,
enhancing safety for occupants, and preventing fire hazards. Their ability to detect and
respond to faults swiftly makes them a preferred choice for ensuring electrical circuit
protection in diverse settings.

The implementation of ACBs at Pretty Composite Textile Ltd. demonstrated their

importance in securing electrical systems and preventing potential disruptions. Their
significant contribution to power distribution, industrial control, and building automation
reaffirms the indispensability of ACBs in maintaining safe and efficient electrical
operations.

As an aspiring electrical engineer, my experience with ACBs and their role in circuit
protection during the internship deepened my understanding of electrical safety. It
reinforced the necessity of robust protective measures in electrical installations. This
knowledge will undoubtedly guide my future endeavors in designing and implementing
reliable electrical systems across various industries.

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Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendation

4.8 MCCB and Electrical Circuit Safety

1. Insight into Molded Case Circuit Breakers (MCCB) and their functions:

During my industrial training at Pretty Composite Textile Ltd., I gained valuable insights
into Molded Case Circuit Breakers (MCCBs) and their essential functions in electrical
circuit safety. MCCBs are a type of circuit breaker designed to protect electrical circuits
from overloads, short circuits, and other electrical faults. They are called "molded cases"
because their components are enclosed in a molded insulating housing, providing
protection and compactness.

Figure 4.10: MCCB

2. Learning about MCCB's capabilities in protecting circuits from overloads and

short circuits:

MCCBs are equipped with thermal and magnetic trip units that enable them to respond to
different types of electrical faults. The thermal trip unit detects gradual overcurrent
caused by overload conditions and activates the MCCB to open the circuit, preventing
overheating and damage to the electrical equipment. On the other hand, the magnetic trip
unit detects sudden high currents resulting from short circuits and quickly interrupts the
circuit to protect against electrical hazards.

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Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendation

The flexibility of MCCBs in handling different fault conditions makes them versatile
protective devices for a wide range of electrical applications. Their ability to provide
selective coordination allows for precise protection coordination in complex electrical
systems, enhancing overall safety and system reliability.

3. Importance of reliability, efficiency, and ease of installation and maintenance in

MCCBs:

MCCBs are known for their reliability, efficiency, and ease of installation and
maintenance. Their robust design and high-quality materials ensure long-term
performance and durability. The ease of installation makes them convenient for new
buildings and retrofits in existing electrical systems.

Regular maintenance of MCCBs involves checking and testing the trip units to ensure
proper functioning. The simplicity of their design makes maintenance straightforward
and minimizes downtime during servicing.

The combination of reliability and efficiency in MCCBs contributes to the overall safety
of electrical circuits. By swiftly interrupting electrical faults, MCCBs prevent equipment
damage and potential hazards, promoting a safe working environment for personnel and
reducing the risk of electrical fires.

During my training, I witnessed how MCCBs played a crucial role in safeguarding

electrical circuits at Pretty Composite Textile Ltd., ensuring uninterrupted production
and protecting valuable electrical assets. Understanding the importance of MCCBs in
electrical circuit safety has reinforced my commitment to implementing robust protective
measures in my future engineering endeavors. Their reliability, efficiency, and ease of
maintenance make them an indispensable component in electrical systems across various
industries.

4.9 Boiler Equipment and Steam Generation

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Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendation

1. Overview of boilers used at Pretty Composite Textile Ltd:

During my industrial training at Pretty Composite Textile Ltd., I was able to familiarize
myself with the boilers used in their manufacturing processes. The company utilized
various boilers, including the EGB, Gas Boilers, and Gas & Oil Boilers. Each boiler had
a specific capacity, ranging from 3.6 to 12 tons, catering to different production needs.

Figure 4.11: Boiler

Table 4.1 Boiler in Pretty Composite Textile Ltd.

Serial No. Type of Boiler Brand Made by Capacity

1 EGB FORBES India 3.6 Ton
2 Gas COCHRAN UK 12 Ton
3 Gas COCHRAN UK 6 Ton
4 Gas & Oil BOSCH Germany 12 Ton

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Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendation

2. Understanding the working principle of boilers and their applications:

Boilers are closed vessels that heat water or other fluids to produce steam or hot water.
The fundamental principle behind their operation is converting energy from a fuel
source, such as natural gas, oil, coal, or biomass, into thermal energy. This heat energy is
then used to raise the temperature of the water, producing steam that can be utilized for
various applications.

At Pretty Composite Textile Ltd., the boilers were crucial in generating steam for
multiple purposes. The steam produced was used for heating applications, such as
providing hot water for dyeing processes or maintaining optimal temperatures in the
facility. Moreover, the steam generated was harnessed for power generation, driving
turbines to produce electrical power and supporting the textile manufacturing processes.

3. Importance of boilers in generating steam for heating, power generation, and

industrial processes:

Boilers are indispensable in the textile industry and many other sectors due to their
versatility in steam generation. They serve a wide range of purposes, including:

a) Heating: Boilers provide the necessary steam or hot water for heating applications in
various industrial processes. In textile manufacturing, steam is essential for dyeing,
drying, and finishing operations.

b) Power Generation: Boilers play a significant role in power generation by producing

high-pressure steam that drives turbines connected to electrical generators. This process
converts thermal energy into electrical energy, contributing to the facility's power needs.

c) Industrial Processes: Steam is utilized in many industrial processes, including

sterilization, cleaning, and humidity control. In textile manufacturing, steam is used for
fabric steaming and ironing, ensuring the quality of the finished products.

The boilers at Pretty Composite Textile Ltd. provided an efficient and reliable steam
source, supporting the production of high-quality textiles and enhancing overall
productivity. The use of boilers in steam generation highlights their critical role in

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Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendation

modern industries, where heating, power generation, and various industrial processes
heavily rely on the energy-efficient conversion of fuel into steam.

4.10 Dyeing and Textile Coloration

1. Insight into the dyeing process and the brands used - Thies and Cenlar:

During my industrial training at Pretty Composite Textile Ltd., I was introduced to the
fascinating world of dyeing and textile coloration. The company utilized dyeing
machines from renowned brands like Thies and Canlar, which are widely recognized for
their quality and efficiency in the dyeing process.

Figure 4.12: Canlar Dying Machine

The dyeing process involved applying various dyes to fabrics or textiles to impart colors
and achieve the desired shade. Thies and Cenlar machines precisely controlled the
dyeing parameters, ensuring consistent and vibrant color results on different textile
materials.

2. Understanding how dyeing transforms textiles by applying colors:

The dyeing process is a transformative step in the textile industry, where white or
uncolored fabrics are turned into vivid and appealing colors. The dyes used can be

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Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendation

natural or synthetic, and they bond with the textile fibers to create a permanent and
colorfast finish.

The dyeing process involves fabric preparation by removing impurities and ensuring
even dye absorption. Then, the fabric is immersed in a dye bath, and the dye molecules
penetrate the fibers through diffusion. Depending on the dyeing technique, the material
may undergo additional treatments like rinsing, washing and fixing to enhance color
stability.

3. Importance of dyeing in creating a variety of colored fabrics and garments:

Dyeing is paramount in the textile industry as it allows manufacturers to offer various

colored fabrics and garments to meet consumer preferences and market demands. Textile
producers can cater to different fashion trends and customer preferences by incorporating
multiple dyeing techniques and color combinations.

The ability to dye textiles also enables customization and personalization, allowing
brands to create unique and exclusive designs for their customers. Moreover, dyeing
plays a pivotal role in achieving consistency in color across different batches of textile
production, ensuring uniformity in the final products.

At Pretty Composite Textile Ltd., the dyeing process was crucial to the company's
product offering. The use of quality dyeing machines from brands like Thies and Canlar
allowed the company to produce textiles in an extensive palette of colors, enhancing the
overall appeal and marketability of their products.

Overall, dyeing is a vital aspect of textile coloration, enabling manufacturers to create

visually appealing and diverse fabrics and garments. The proficiency in the dyeing
process showcased at Pretty Composite Textile Ltd. underscored the significance of this
art in the textile industry, where color plays a significant role in fashion, aesthetics, and
consumer choice.

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Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendation

Chapter 5
Conclusion and Recommendation
The industrial training at Pretty Composite Textile Ltd. Gave me valuable insights into
various aspects of electrical systems, power distribution, and textile manufacturing. Key
lessons and knowledge gained include:

i. Comprehensive understanding of generators, transformers, switchgear, and other

electrical equipment used in the industry.
ii. Insight into power factor improvement methods and their significance in
optimizing power efficiency.
iii. Familiarity with LT Panels, MCCBs, and ACBs, and their crucial role in circuit
protection and electrical safety.
iv. Knowledge of Busbar Trunking Systems (BBT) and their applications in large-
scale industrial setups.
v. Understanding steam generation through boilers and their essential role in textile
manufacturing.
vi. Practical experience in dyeing techniques, coloration, and the importance of
quality dyeing for textile products.

The overall experience during the industrial training was invaluable in broadening my
understanding of electrical systems, power distribution, and textile manufacturing. The
hands-on exposure to industrial equipment, electrical components, and textile processes
deepened my technical knowledge and enhanced my problem-solving skills.

By working closely with electrical systems and witnessing their seamless operation, I
gained confidence in managing complex electrical installations and ensuring safety. The
training also highlighted the significance of efficient power distribution and the role of
electrical protection devices in preventing downtime and equipment damage.

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Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendation

Moreover, exploring the intricacies of textile manufacturing, dyeing, and coloration

underscored the critical role of advanced technology in achieving high-quality and
visually appealing textile products. Understanding the interplay of electrical and
mechanical systems in textile production provided a holistic perspective on industrial
processes.

Gratitude to Pretty Composite Textile Ltd

I am deeply grateful to Pretty Composite Textile Ltd. for providing me with this
enriching industrial training experience. The exposure to real-world industrial practices
and the opportunity to work with experienced professionals has shaped my career as an
electrical engineer.

The support, guidance, and cooperation the company’s team extended throughout the
training period were commendable. The knowledge and skills acquired during this
training will undoubtedly serve as a strong foundation for my future endeavors in
electrical engineering.

I extend my heartfelt appreciation to the management and staff of Pretty Composite

Textile Ltd. for their commitment to fostering a learning environment and for allowing
me to apply my academic knowledge to practical scenarios. This training has been a
transformative experience, and I am sincerely grateful for the opportunity to learn and
grow professionally under the guidance of such a reputable company.

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