Worksheets and Assignment

PROBLEMS
1. Calculate the maximum membrane stress in the wall of shells having the shapes listed
below. The vessel walls are 2mm thick and subject to an internal pressure of 5bar.
(a) An infinitely long cylinder, inside diameter 2m.
(b) A sphere, inside diameter 2m.
(c) An ellipsoid, major axis 2m, minor axis 1.6 m.
(d) A torus, mean diameter 2m, diameter of cylinder 0.3m.
2. Compare the thickness required for a 2m diameter flat plate, designed to resist a uniform
distributed load of 10kN/m2, if the plate edge is:
(a) Completely rigid,
(b) Free to rotate.
Take the allowable design stress for the material as 100MN/m 2 and Poisson's ratio for the
material as 0.3.
3. A horizontal, cylindrical, tank, with hemispherical ends, is used to store liquid chlorine at
10bar. The vessel is 4m internal diameter and 20m long. Estimate the minimum wall
thickness required to resist this pressure, for the cylindrical section and the heads. Take
the design pressure as 12bar and the allowable design stress for the material as
110MN/m2.
4. The thermal design of a heat exchanger to recover heat from a kerosene stream by
transfer to a crude oil stream was carried in Chapter 12, Example 12.2. Make a
preliminary mechanical design for this exchanger. Base your design on the specification
obtained from the CAD design procedure used in the example. All material of
construction to be carbon steel (semi-killed or silicon killed). Your design should cover:
(a) Choice of design pressure and temperature,
(b) Choice of the required corrosion allowances,
(c) Choice of the type of end covers,
(d) Determination of the minimum wall thickness for the shell, headers and ends,
(e) A check on the pressure rating of the tubes,
(f) A suggested thickness for the tube sheets — detailed stressing is not required.
(g) Selection the flange types and dimensions — use standard flanges,
(h) Design of the exchanger supports.
5. Make a preliminary mechanical design for the vertical thermosyphon reboiler for which
the thermal design was done as Example 12.9 in Chapter 12. The inlet liquid nozzle and
the steam connections will be 50 mm inside diameter. Flat plate end closures will be used
on both headers. The reboiler will be hung from four bracket supports, positioned 0.5 m
down from the top tube plate. The shell and tubes will be of semi-killed carbon steel.
Your design should cover:
(a) Choice of design pressure and temperature,
(b) Choice of the required corrosion allowances,
(c) Selection of the header dimensions.
(d) Determination of the minimum wall thickness for the shell, headers and ends,
(e) A check on the pressure rating of the tubes,
(f) A suggested thickness for the tube sheets — detailed stressing is not required,
(g) Selection the flanges types and dimensions — use standard flanges,
(h) Reinforcement at the nozzles, if required,
(i) Design of the exchanger support brackets
6. The specification for of a sieve plate column is given below. Make a preliminary
mechanical design for the column. You design should include:
(a) Column wall thickness,
(b) Selection and sizing of vessel heads,
(c) Reinforcement, if any, of openings,
(d) The nozzles and flanges (use standard flanges),
(e) Column supporting skirt and base ring/flange.
You need not design the plates or plate supports.
You should consider the following design loads:

(a) Internal pressure,
(b) Wind loading,
(c) Dead weight of vessel and contents (vessel full of water).
There will be no significant loading from piping and external equipment. Earthquake
loading need not be considered.
Column specification:
Length of cylindrical section 37 m
Internal diameter 1.5 m
Heads, standard ellipsoidal
50 sieve plates
Nozzles: feed, at mid-point, 50 mm inside diameter, vapor out, 0.7 m below top of
cylindrical section, 250 mm inside diameter bottom product, center of
vessel head, 50 mm inside diameter reflux return, 1.0 m below top of
cylindrical section, 50 mm inside diameter
Two 0.6 m diameter access ports (manholes) situated 1.0 m above the bottom and
1.5 m below the top of the column Support skirt height 2.5 m
Access ladder with platforms
Insulation, mineral wool, 50 mm thick
Materials of construction: vessel stainless steel, unsterilized (304) nozzles as vessel

skirt carbon steel, silicon killed
Design pressure 1200 kN/m2

Design temperature 150°C
Corrosion allowance 2 mm.
Make a dimensioned sketch of your design and fill out the column specification
sheet given in Appendix H.
7. A jacketed vessel is to be used as a reactor. The vessel has an internal diameter of 2 m
and is fitted with a jacket over a straight section 1.5m long. Both the vessel and jacket
walls are 25 mm thick. The spacing between the vessel and jacket is 75mm.
The vessel and jacket are made of carbon steel. The vessel will operate at atmospheric
pressure and the jacket will be supplied with steam at 20bar. Check if the thickness of the
vessel and jacket is adequate for this duty. Take the allowable design stress as 100 N/mm2
and the value of Young’s modulus at the operating temperature as 180,000 N/mm2.
8. A high pressure steam pipe is 150 mm inside diameter and 200 mm outside diameter. If
the steam pressure is 200 bar, what will be the maximum shear stress in the pipe wall?
9. A storage tank for concentrated nitric acid will be constructed from aluminum to resist
corrosion. The tank is to have an inside diameter of 6 m and a height of 17 m. The
maximum liquid level in the tank will be at 16m. Estimate the plate thickness required at
the base of the tank. Take the allowable design stress for aluminum as 90N/mm2.

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PROBLEMS

(a) An infinitely long cylinder, inside diameter 2m.

(b) A sphere, inside diameter 2m.

(c) An ellipsoid, major axis 2m, minor axis 1.6 m.

(d) A torus, mean diameter 2m, diameter of cylinder 0.3m.

(a) Completely rigid,

(b) Free to rotate.

(a) Column wall thickness,

(b) Selection and sizing of vessel heads,

(c) Reinforcement, if any, of openings,

(d) The nozzles and flanges (use standard flanges),

(e) Column supporting skirt and base ring/flange.

You need not design the plates or plate supports.

You should consider the following design loads:

(b) Wind loading,

(c) Dead weight of vessel and contents (vessel full of water).

Length of cylindrical section 37 m

Internal diameter 1.5 m

Heads, standard ellipsoidal

Materials of construction: vessel stainless steel, unsterilized (304) nozzles as vessel

Design pressure 1200 kN/m2

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