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    Prac 8

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    thekrakh200287
    The document describes rolling two dice and calculating the probability of getting the sum of X. It provides the sample space of all possible outcomes from rolling two dice and their probabilities. For example, the probability of getting a sum of 2 is 1/36 since there is only one way to get a 2 (1,1). The document also gives examples of calculating probabilities, means, variances, and standard deviations for other random variables based on their probability distributions.

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    Prac 8

    Uploaded by

    thekrakh200287
    5 views7 pages
    The document describes rolling two dice and calculating the probability of getting the sum of X. It provides the sample space of all possible outcomes from rolling two dice and their probabilities. For example, the probability of getting a sum of 2 is 1/36 since there is only one way to get a 2 (1,1). The document also gives examples of calculating probabilities, means, variances, and standard deviations for other random variables based on their probability distributions.

    Original Description:

    MKT

    Original Title

    Prac 8 (2)

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    The document describes rolling two dice and calculating the probability of getting the sum of X. It provides the sample space of all possible outcomes from rolling two dice and their probabilities. For example, the probability of getting a sum of 2 is 1/36 since there is only one way to get a 2 (1,1). The document also gives examples of calculating probabilities, means, variances, and standard deviations for other random variables based on their probability distributions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    5 views7 pages

    Prac 8

    Uploaded by

    thekrakh200287
    The document describes rolling two dice and calculating the probability of getting the sum of X. It provides the sample space of all possible outcomes from rolling two dice and their probabilities. For example, the probability of getting a sum of 2 is 1/36 since there is only one way to get a 2 (1,1). The document also gives examples of calculating probabilities, means, variances, and standard deviations for other random variables based on their probability distributions.

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    You are on page 1of 7

    Example: Roll two dies. Let X be the sum of two observed numbers.

    𝑆 = {(1,1) (1,2) (1,3) (1,4) (1,5) (1,6)


    (2,1) (2,2) (2,3) (2,4) (2,5) (2,6)
    (3,1) (3,2) (3,3) (3,4)(3,5) (3,6)
    (4,1) (4,2) (4,3) (4,4) (4,5) (4,6)
    (5,1) (5,2) (5,3) (5,4) (5,5) (5,6)
    (6,1) (6,2) (6,3) (6,4) (6,5) (6,6)}

    The sum of two observed numbers may be 2, 3, 4, …, 11, 12

    1
    𝑃(𝑋 = 2) = 𝑃({(1,1)}) =
    36
    2
    𝑃(𝑋 = 3) = 𝑃({(1,2) (2,1)}) =
    36
    .
    .
    .
    5
    𝑃(𝑋 = 6) = 𝑃({(1,5) (5,1)(2,4)(4,2)(3,3)}) =
    36
    .
    .
    .
    2
    𝑃(𝑋 = 11) = 𝑃({(5,6) (6,5)}) =
    36
    1
    𝑃(𝑋 = 12) = 𝑃({(6,6)}) =
    36

    The probability distribution is

    x 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 O.W

    P(x) 1 2 3 4 5 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
    36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36
    Example: given the following probability distribution table:

    x 0 1 2 3 4 5 o.w

    P(x) 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05 0

    Find:
    1. 𝜇 𝑜𝑟 𝐸(𝑋)
    𝜇 = 𝐸(𝑋) = 𝑥𝑃(𝑥)
    = 0 × 0.1 + 1 × 0.4 + 2 × 0.2 + 3 × 0.15 + 4 × 0.1 + 5 × 0.05
    = 1.9

    2. 𝜎

    𝐸(𝑋 ) = ∑ 𝑥 𝑃(𝑥)
    = 0 × 0.1 + 1 × 0.4 + 2 × 0.2 + 3 × 0.15 + 4 × 0.1 + 5 × 0.05
    = 5.4
    𝜎 = 𝐸(𝑋 ) − 𝜇 = 5.4 − (1.9) = 1.79

    3. 𝜎
    𝜎 = √1.79 = 1.34

    Example: Let x be a r.v with mean 3 and standard deviation 5. Find:

    1. 𝐸(𝑋 − 3)
    𝐸(𝑋 − 3) = 𝜎 = (5) = 25

    2. 𝐸(𝑋 )
    𝜎 = 𝐸(𝑋 ) − 𝜇
    25 = 𝐸(𝑋 ) − 3
    𝐸(𝑋 ) = 25 + 9 = 34

    3. H.W: Find 𝐸(𝑋 − 𝜇)


    Example: given the following probability distribution table:

    x -2 -1 0 1 2 3 o.w

    P(x) 0.34 0.25 0.06 C 0.1 0.15 0

    Find the following:


    1. C
    𝑃(𝑥 ) = 1

    0.34 + 0.25 + 0.06 + 𝑐 + 0.1 + 0.15 = 1 → 𝐶 = 0.1

    2. 𝐸(𝑋 ) 𝑜𝑟 𝜇
    𝜇= 𝑥𝑃(𝑥) = −2 × 0.34 + (−1) × 0.25 + 0 × 0.06 + 1 × 0.1 + 2 × 0.1 + 3 × 0.15 = −0.18

    3. 𝐸(𝑋 )
    𝐸(𝑋 ) = 𝑥 𝑃(𝑥)
    = (−2) × 0.3 + (−1) × 0.25 + 0 × 0.06 + 1 × 0.1 + 2 × 0.1 + 3 × 0.15 = 3.46

    4. 𝜎
    𝜎 = 𝐸𝑋 − 𝜇 = 3.46 − (−0.18) = 3.43

    5. 𝑃(𝑋 = 0) = 𝑃(0) = 0.06

    6. 𝑃(𝑋 = 7) = 0

    7. 𝑃(𝑋 = −1.76) = 0

    8. 𝑃(𝑋 < 1) = 𝑃(−2) + 𝑃(−1) + 𝑃(0)


    = 0.34 + 0.25 + 0.06 = 0.65
    9. 𝑃(𝑋 ≤ 2.5) = 1 − 𝑃(𝑥 > 2) = 1 − 𝑃(3)
    = 1 − 0.15 = 0.85

    10. 𝑃(𝑋 > −1.5) = 1 − 𝑃(−2) = 1 − 0.34 = 0.66

    11. 𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 2) = 𝑃(2) + 𝑃(3) = 0.1 + 0.15 = 0.25

    12. 𝑃(−1 < 𝑋 < 1.5) = 𝑃(0) + 𝑃(1) = 0.06 + 0.1 = 0.16

    13. 𝑃(−1 < 𝑋 ≤ 0) = 0.06


    14. 𝑃(2 ≤ 𝑋 < 3) =

    15. 𝑃(0 ≤ 𝑋 ≤ 2) =

    16. 𝑃(|𝑋| ≤ 1) = 𝑃(−1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1) = 𝑃(−1) + 𝑃(0) + 𝑃(1) = 0.41

    17. 𝑃(|𝑋| < 1) =

    18. 𝑃(|𝑋| > 2) =

    19. 𝑃(|𝑋| ≥ 2) =

    20. 𝑃(|𝑋| = 1) =

    21. 𝑃(𝑋 > 0|𝑋 ≤ 2) =

    22. 𝑃(|𝑋| < 3 | |𝑋| > 1) =

    23. 𝑃(2𝑋 − 1 = 5) =

    24. 𝑃(𝑋 − 1 = 3) =

    25. 𝑃(3𝑋 − 1 > 5) =


    HOMEWORK:
    Question 1: Roll a die. Let the events 𝐴 = {1,2}, 𝐵 = {1, 4, 5}. Find:
    a. 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵
    b. 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵
    c. 𝐴
    d. 𝐵
    e. 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵
    f. 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵
    g. 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵
    h. 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵
    i. 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵
    j. 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵
    k. (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
    l. (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)
    m. 𝐴 ∩ 𝐴
    n. (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) ∩ (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
    o. (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) ∪ (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)

    Question 2: Let A and B be two events in S where 𝑃(𝐴) = 0.6, 𝑃(𝐵) = 0.5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 0.3. Find:
    a. Probability of not B.
    b. Are the events disjoint?
    c. Probability of exactly A occurs.
    d. Probability of exactly B occurs.
    e. Probability that exactly one event occurs.
    f. Probability none of them occurs.
    g. Probability any of them occurs.
    h. Probability of neither A nor B occurs.
    i. Probability of at most one event occurs.
    j. Probability of at least one event occurs.
    k. Probability of at least none of them occurs.

    Question 3: Let A and B are two events in S. probability exactly one occurs is 0.6 and probability none of
    them occurs is 0.1. Find probability of both of them occurs.

    Question 4: Roll an unfair die. Let 𝐴 = {1, 2}, 𝐵 = {2, 3, 6}. Given that:
    𝑃(1) = 0.1, 𝑃(2) = 0.2, 𝑃(3) = 0.2, 𝑃(4) = 0.05, 𝑃(5) = 0.1, 𝑃(6) = 0.35
    Find:
    a. 𝑃(𝐴)
    b. 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
    c. 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)
    d. 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 )

    Question 5: In a city, 80% of the people drink tea, 60% drink coffee and 53% drink both. Select a person
    randomly. Find:
    a. Probability of selecting person drinks only tea.
    b. Probability of selecting person drinks any of them.
    c. Probability of selecting person drinks tea or not coffee.

    Question 6: Let 𝑃(𝐵) = 0.6, 𝑃(𝐵|𝐴) = 0.6 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑃(𝐴|𝐵) = 0.5. Find:
    a. Probability of both events occur.
    b. P(A).
    c. Are A and B independent.

    Question 7: Depinding on the following venn diagram, find:

    1. Are A and B independent.


    2. Find:
    a. 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵).
    b. 𝑃(𝐴|𝐵).
    c. 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ).
    d. 𝑃(𝐴 |𝐵 ).
    e. 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵).
    f. Given that B does not occur, find probability of A.
    g. Find probability of not A if B occurs.

    Question 8: Let a random variable x has the probability distribution:

    x -3 -1 0 1 2 o.w

    P(x) 0.1 0.2 B 0.2 0.1 0

    Find:
    1. the value of B.
    2. the mean of x.
    3. the variance of x and the standard deviation of x.
    4. 𝑃(𝑋 = 1)
    5. 𝑃 𝑋 =
    6. 𝑃(𝑋 = 𝐸𝑋)
    7. 𝑃(𝑋 = 𝐸𝑋 )
    8. 𝑃(𝑋 ≤ 1)
    9. 𝑃(−3 ≤ 𝑋 ≤ 1)
    10. 𝑃(−3 < 𝑋 ≤ 0)
    11. 𝑃(−1.67 ≤ 𝑋 ≤ 7.11)
    12. 𝑃(𝑋 ≥ −4) and 𝑃(𝑋 ≤ −4)
    13. 𝑃(𝑋 ≤ 5.7)
    14. 𝑃(𝜎 ≤ 𝑋 ≤ 𝐸𝑋 )
    15. 𝑃(2𝑋 − 1 ≥ 0)
    16. 𝑃(|𝑋| ≤ 1)
    17. 𝑃 |𝑋| >
    18. 𝑃(|𝑋| = 1)
    19. 𝑃(𝑋 = 0|−1.2 ≤ 𝑋 ≤ 1.77)
    20. 𝑃 |𝑋| ≤ |𝑋| ≥

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