CERTIFICATE

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that physics project “To

demonstrate free oscillation of
different vibrating systems” has
been successfully completed by Priyanshu
Singh of class XI B, Aatmdeep Vidyalaya
Siktour,Deoria bypass, Gorakhpur in partial
fulfillment by central board of secondary
education (CBSE) year 2022-2023
Examiner’s Signature Teacher’s Signature

INDEX
1) Acknowledgement
2) Objective
3) Material Required
4) Theory
5) Types Of Oscillation
6) Procedure
7) Points To Remember
8) Bibliography
ACKNOWLEDGEME
NT
“There are times when silence speaks so much
louder than words of praise to only as good as
belittle a person whose words do not express but
only put a veneer over true feelings which are of
gratitude at this point of life”
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to

my physics teacher Mr. Ajay Jaiswal Sir and
Mr. Vinay Srivastava Sir for his vital support,
guidance and encouragement without which this
project would not come forth. I would also like
to express my gratitude to the other staff of the
department of physics for their support during
the making of this project.
OBJECTIVE
To demonstrate free
oscillations of
different vibrating
system
Materials Required
(i) Rubber band

(ii) A thin metal or plastic scale
(iii) Simple Pendulum
(iv) A ball and a large bowl
(v) A loaded spring
THEORY
In Physics, oscillation is a repetitive
variation, typically in time. It is
measured between two or more different
states or about equilibrium or about a
central value. Some familiar examples of
oscillations include alternating current
and simple pendulum. Some parameters
governing oscillation are:
(i)Period of oscillation
(ii)Oscillation frequency
(iii)Oscillation amplitude
In general, an oscillation is a back and
forth movement in a regular rhythm.
Different types of oscillations
There are three main types of Simple Harmonic
Motion
(i) Damped Oscillation
(ii) Forced Oscillation
(iii) Free Oscillation
Free Oscillation
The free oscillation possesses constant
amplitude and period without any external force
to set the oscillation. Ideally, free oscillation
does not undergo damping. But in all-natural
systems damping is observed unless and until
any constant external force is supplied to
overcome damping. In such a system, the
amplitude, frequency and energy all remain
constant.
Damped Oscillation
The damping is the resistance offered to the
oscillation. The oscillation that fades with time
is called damped oscillation. Due to damping,
the amplitude of oscillation reduces with time.
Reduction in amplitude is the result of energy
loss from the system in overcoming external
forces like friction or air resistance and other
resistive forces. Thus, with the decrease in
amplitude, the energy of the system also keeps
decreasing. There are two types of damping
a) Natural Damping
b) Artificial Damping
Forced Oscillation
When a body oscillates by being influenced by
an external periodic force, it is called forced
oscillation. Here, the amplitude of oscillation,
experiences damping but remains constant due
to the external energy supplied to the system.
For example, when you push someone on a
swing, you have to keep periodically pushing
them so that the swing doesn’t reduce
PROCEDURE
1. Take a rubber band. Hold one end of
the rubber band in your mouth and the
other end in your hand and stretch
it.Now,pluck the rubber band at the
middle with other hand. The rubber band
vibrates about its equilibrium position.
2. Place a metallic or plastic scale on
the table so that more than half of its
length is out of table and free in air. Now
place a heavy object such as a brick on
one end of the scale. Flick the free end of
the scale and release it. The metre scale
set into oscillations about its equilibrium
position.
3. Take a metallic bob and strong thread.

Hang the bob with thread to a rigid
support. Displace the bob about 5-10 cm
and release it. The bob starts oscillating
about its mean position. Record the time
for 10 oscillations and calculate the time
period (T). The frequency of oscillating
of oscillating pendulum can be given by
the relation
n=L/T
4. Take a small spherical bob or marble
and a large size smooth bowl. Bring the
marble to one side, upto brim of the bowl
and then release. The marble rolls down
and climbs up the other side. The marble
return back from other side and climbs
up and oscillates about its mean position.
5. Take a spring and hang its one end to a

rigid support. Attach a suitable weight
(say 50g) on the lower free end of the
spring. Now pull down the weight a little
with hand and release. The weight
oscillate up and down about its mean
position
POINTS TO
REMEMBER
(i) When a body moves back and forth around a
fixed point at set intervals of time, it is said to be in
oscillatory motion.
(ii) Frequency is the measure of how many
oscillations take place in a second.
(iii) Some of the critical formulas from the chapters
are as follows:
(iv) Displacement x =A sin(ωt + Φ)
(v) Angular Frequency (ω) ω = 2π/T = 2πf
(vi) Frequency f = 1/T = ω/2π
(vii) Time Period T = 2π/ω
(viii) Force (F) = -kx (small elongation x)
(ix) Acceleration a = -ω2x = -ω2 A sin(ωt + Φ)
(x) Potential Energy U = ½ kx2
(xi) Kinetic Energy K = ½ mω2(A2 – x2)
(xii) Total Energy E = U+K
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1) www.google.com
2) www.youtube.com
3) www.wikipedia.com
4) Physics Lab Manual

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CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that physics project “To

Examiner’s Signature Teacher’s Signature

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to

(i) Rubber band

3. Take a metallic bob and strong thread.

5. Take a spring and hang its one end to a

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