9 Fig. 9.1 shows current-potemtialciference graphs for a resistor and for alam. 60. current 40. 2.05 20 40 60 80 potential diference/V Fig. 91 (2) (The potential ference (p.d.) applied to the resistor is increased. Tick the box that indicates the effect on the resistance ofthe resistor. resistance increases resistance Is constant resistance decreases iT (ii) The potential ditference (p<) applied to the lamp is increased. the effect on the resistance of the lamp. resistance increases resistance is constant resistance decreases {(b) The p.<. across the lamp is 6.0V. Calculate the resistance ofthe lamp.9 (a) Astudent wants to demagnetise a permanent bar magnet. She suggests these steps: 1. Place the magnet in a long coil 2. Switch on a large alternating current in the coll. 3, Switch off the current. 4. Remove the bar from the coil State and explain whether the steps will always be able to demagnatise the magnet. Fig. 9.1 State and explain any motion of the coil(il) The primary circuit contains a 2A fuse. Calculate the maximum number of lamps, identical to the lamp in (ji), that can be ‘connected in paraile! in the secondary circuit without blowing the fuse. umber of lamps = m Tota: 7) 8 Fig. 8.1 shows a circuit that contains a battery of electromotive force (e.m.,)6.0V, an ammeter, a 202 resistor and component X. Fig. 8.1 (a) (i) State the name of component X. ~ ~ ~ {1 (ii) The potential difference (p.d.) across the 202 resistor is measured with a voltmeter. (On Fig. 8.1, draw the symbol for this voltmeter connected to the circuit. "9 Fig. 9.1 shows a circuit that includes a battery of electromotive force (e.m.f) 12V. 12V, Fig. 9.1 ‘The reading on the ammoter is 0.154. (@) Calculate the resistance of the circuit. resistance (b) The variable resistor is adjusted so that its resistance decreases. () State whet happens to the reading on the ammeter. (i) State and explain what happens to the reading on the voltmeter.(®) A wanstormer has Np tums on the primary coll and Nz tums on the secondary coll. The {transformer is used in a schoo! laboratory as a 12V allemating current (a.c.) supply. The transtormer is powered from the 240V a.c. mains supply. (@_Dotermine the turns ratio N,N, of the transtormer. Nel = ne) (W) The laboratory 12V a. supply is recfied to produce a direct current (d.c.) Supply: Underline the component that the rectification circuit must include. AND gate diode ~—-« NOT gate — potentiometer thermistor m 9 Fig. 9.1 shows the symbol for a 12 battery. — f.91 fo maps corm prt nb nny on Fy 91,909 Recs mE, complete the circuit diagram. ty) (b) Ono of these lamps has a resistance of 6.02. Calculate, for this lamp: (0 the current current = .... sont 11) (i) the power.(©) The power of the other lamp ie 36W. Calculate the total energy delivered to this lamp in 20 hours. seen) (otal: 7 eneray = 10 A transformer consists of two coils of wire wound on a metal core. Fig. 10.1 represents the transformer. primary coll ‘seoondary coil Fig. 10.1 (@) State the name of the metal from which the core is made. [1] (b) The primary coll of the transformer is connected to the output voltage of an a.c. generator ‘which supplies an alternating current. () Explain why there is a voltage between the two terminals of the secondary coil (3) i)_There are 560 tums on the primary coil and 910 tums on the secondary ooil of the transformer. The voltage between the two terminals of the secondary coil is 78 V. Calculate the voltage suppliod by the a.c. generator. generator voltage =.7 Fig. 7.1 shows three identical lamps and an ammeter connected to a power supply. power supply Fig. 7.4 ‘The switches are closed. Each lamp is rated at 60 W and operates at its normal working voltage of 110V. (a) Calculate: (0) the current in each lamp a l2} Gi) the current in the ammeter CUTER = rnnnennesncnneenncee the voltage of the power supply.7 Fig. 7-4 shows a circuit including 2 12V battery and two identical lamps. {r--ft Fig. 74 (a) The 12V battery consists of cells connected in series. Each coll in the battery has an ‘electromotive force (e.m£) of 1.5V. Determine how many calls are in the battery. umber of cells " (b) () When the switch is clased, the ammeter reading is 2.4, Calculate the total resistance ofthe cit. resistance @ (W) Each lamp has a resistance of 3.002 Calculate the resistance of Q. resistance of Q = ra8 Araciois connected to the mains supply using a step-down transformer. (2) Draw a labalied diagram of the structure of a basic step-down transformer ‘3 {b) Explain the operation ofa basic transformer. (e) The voltage ofthe mains supply is 230V. The output voltage of the transformer is 6.0V. Ne) Calculate the value ofthe tums ratio (F2). Give your answer to two significant figures. value of turns ratio 2 Total: 8]1 Fig. 1.1 shows an electrically powered bicycle. Fig. 1.4 \When fully charged, the battery can deliver @ power of 600WV for 60min. (8) (Calculate the energy, in joules, stored inthe battary when fully charged energy = J (i) State the form of energy stored by the battery W {(b) The bicycle has a motor with an electrical input power of 250WV. CCaleulate the time for which the battery can power the bieycle(©) OnFig. 83: 1. mark, with an arrow labelled E, the direction ofthe electron flow through component B 2. mark, with an arrow labelled I, the direction of the conventional current in component C. A 5 c Fig. 83 a (d) Fig. 84 shows a circuit with components B and C connected to a direct current (4.c:) power supply of ems 12V. B c Fig. 84 ‘The curtentin the circuit is 0.35, Calculate the power delivered by the power supply to the circu9 Fig, 9. shows a circuit with 8 3-position switch py c gs * x y e Fig. 9.4 “The moving part ofthe switch is always connected to point ¥ around which it pivats. The other end of the moving part, labelled X, can be connected to one of the points A, B or C. (2) The resistance of the motor Is 2.082 and the resistance of the resistor is 3.00. Determine the current in the motor when the switch is connected to: (point A (i) point B (2) (ii) point c (2)9 (a) Fig. 9.1 shows @ magnet on the end of a spring and a coil of wire connected to a sensitive centre-zero galvanometer. The magnet can move freely through the col. coil of wire, cc centre-zero = C gevanometer Fig. 9.1 (i) The magnet is pulled down and released, Describe and explain what happens to the needle of the sensitive galvanometer. 141(b) Fig. 8.2 shows the circuit with a different connection to the resistance wire and an added resistor. The length XY of the whole resistance wire is 2.0m. The contact is made at Q where the distance XQ is 0.60m. 12 a 3.02 152 2.09 0.60m, x a Y 2.0m———+| Fig. 8.2 Calculate the resistance of the circuit, resistance = ~ (4)Fig. 8.1 shows a circuit. 12 —— 302 202 6.02 x Y + 20m ——_+ Fig. 8.4 ‘The lamp has a resistance of 3.02. Line XY represents a uniform resistance wire of resistance 6.00. (a) Calculate the reading on the ammeter. ammeter reading = fey7 An electromagnet consists of a solenoid X that is made of copper wire. The solenoid contains an (a) Explain why: (the structure of copper makes ita suitable material forthe wire (b) Fig. 7.1 shows the electromagnet inside a second solencid ¥. terminals of Y solenois X Iron core Solenoid Y ‘ac. power supply Fig. 74 (Describe and explain what happens in solenoid Y when solenoid X is connected to an ‘altemating current (a.c.) power supply.'8 The power supply used in an electric vehicle contains 990 rechargeable cells each of electromotive force (e.mf) 12V, ‘The cells are contained in packs in which all the cels are in series with each other. The em4. of ‘each pack is 54V. (@) Calculate the number of packs in the power supply. ‘number of packs = @ (b) When in uso, each pack supplies a current of 3.5. (9) Calculate the rate at which each cal is transferring chemical energy to electrical energy rate of energy transfer 2) (Qi) The packs are connected in parallel to supply a large current to drive the electric vehicle. Explain why it is necessary to use thick wires to camry this current. Tota: 7]{b) An electron source produces a narrow beam of electrons that all travel at the same speed The electron source is placed in a vacuum and the beam of electrons travels vertically downwards. Fig. 7.1 shows the beam of electrons before it passes between the N-pole and the S-pole of a magnet. electron source beam of electrons. (i) Describe what is meant by the direction of a magnetic field. State the direction of the magnetic field between the two poles in Fig. 7.1(b) An electric heater contains two heating elements R, and Rp. An olactric motor operates a fan. ‘The fan blows coo! air over the healing elements, Fig. 8.1 shows the circuit, 240 mans supply Fig. 8.1 The heater is powered by a mains supply of e.m f. 240V. ‘Switches 8, and S, are closed. Heating element R, gets hot. The resistance of R, is 302. (i Calculate the current in heating element R,. ‘current = ste i) (ii) Calculate the power produced in heating element R,,. power = 2(b) Fig. 10.2 shows the same electrical circuit with an alternating current (a.c.) power supply and. wire in the gap AB. 202 cop 6.02 —_+—_ 402 e oF Fig. 10.2 On Fig. 10.2, draw a diode symbol in one gap and a straight line to indicate a wire in the other gap so that there is a current from right to left in the 4.082 resistor and an alternating current in the 2.08 resistor. 2 Fig. 8.2 shows the same circuit with one component reversed {r—- Fig. 8.2 ‘State the reading on the voltmeter and explain your answer. reading explanation ..10 Fig. 10.1 shows a relay. circuit B pivot softiron I) armature circuit Fig. 10.1 (a) The switch in circuit Ais closed. Describe how this operates the motor in circuit B. 1)8 Fig. 8.1 shows a 240V mains supply connected to an air-conditioning unit and a treezer A fuse X is placed in the circuit as shown. ay airconditioning supply, treezer Fig. 8.1 The freezer has an operating power of 700W. (8) Calculate the current in the freezer. current = 2 (b) The maximum operating current ofthe air-conditioning unit is 7:5. Fuses of current rating 1, 3A, 5A, 10, 13A and SOA are availabe. ‘Suggest a suitable rating for fuse X. Give twa reasons for your answer. fuse rating Reason 1 Reason 2(©) Atuse is made out of a short length of wire, Explain uiny fuses of a higher rating are made of thicker wite, 3) (@) Electrical energy can be obtained from renewable and non-renewable sources of energy. () State two renewable sources of energy. $0UrC8 B annie - 21 6 Fig. 6.1 shows a shower that takes in cold water. The water passes through an electric water heater and emerges trom the showerhead at a higher temperature. showerhead Fig. 6.1 ‘The power ofthe heater is 9000W. (a) The shower is powered by a 230 electricity supply. (Calculate the current in the heater when itis switched on co) (il) Suggest a sutable rating for the fuse in the heater circu, fuse rating ny(B) Fig. 73 shows abattory of electromotive force (o.m..) 12V connected across the 1.0m length ‘ofthe resistance wit, pt ___s movable contact lr nie resistance wire terminal terminal Q Fig. 79 (State what is meant by electromotive force (e.m). (i) Calculate: 1. the currentin the resistance wire current = a 2. the potential diference (p<) between terminal P and terminal Q when [= 0:35m pas m 3. the charge that passes through the resistance wire in 5.5 minutes.7 (@) Fig.7.1 shows a col of wiro wound on a thin plastic cylindor. The plastic has no offacton any ‘magnetic field. The galvanometeris exiremely sensitive. Fig. 7.41 ‘A magnot is fod to a small wokoy that runs without tion on a Wack through he oylindor andeail (0) The troy is rlessac trom point sot run trough the eal rom right tla ‘State anc expain whats observed onthe gatvanometer (Tre trolley is now released trom point 8 so itruns through the cal fom ight to lft again ‘Stato whats obsorved onthe galvanometor and explain why itis dferont to your answor n@o.(0) Fig. 72 shows an extension lead used to supply power to a SRW electric heater on a cool evening damp grass ‘extension lead designed {or use with 8 25W lamp Fig. 72 ‘State and explain tee dangers with this arrangement danger t danger 2 .. 7 sss angers10-1 Agneta co or seed ep 8 cron 8 dot te 6 son a “The purpose of the arrangement isto activate a citcut connected to an LED indicator when the door is opening or cosing. This will provide a visual indicaon tha the doors being used. indicator fame Fig. 10.1 Invtaly, the doors closes and then itis opened {Explain why the indicator comes on and then goes off when the door s opened, snes (2b (il) The door shuts. The indicator comes on more brightly but for a shorter time than it did in (i). Suggest and explain why this happens.