This document describes an experiment to analyze the load characteristics of a DC series motor. The objectives are to connect the motor to a DC power supply, operate the motor, record load data, plot the load characteristics curve, and identify the nominal torque. The introduction provides background on DC series motors and explains that investigating the load characteristics can provide insights into motor performance and noise generation. The full experiment procedures, results, and conclusions are presented.
This document describes an experiment to analyze the load characteristics of a DC series motor. The objectives are to connect the motor to a DC power supply, operate the motor, record load data, plot the load characteristics curve, and identify the nominal torque. The introduction provides background on DC series motors and explains that investigating the load characteristics can provide insights into motor performance and noise generation. The full experiment procedures, results, and conclusions are presented.
This document describes an experiment to analyze the load characteristics of a DC series motor. The objectives are to connect the motor to a DC power supply, operate the motor, record load data, plot the load characteristics curve, and identify the nominal torque. The introduction provides background on DC series motors and explains that investigating the load characteristics can provide insights into motor performance and noise generation. The full experiment procedures, results, and conclusions are presented.
This document describes an experiment to analyze the load characteristics of a DC series motor. The objectives are to connect the motor to a DC power supply, operate the motor, record load data, plot the load characteristics curve, and identify the nominal torque. The introduction provides background on DC series motors and explains that investigating the load characteristics can provide insights into motor performance and noise generation. The full experiment procedures, results, and conclusions are presented.
1 |page Load characteristics of D. C series Motor Exp
1. Object:
To connect the D.C. series motor to D.C. supply and put it into operation. To record and plot the load characteristics of the motor and to mark the nominal torque on the load characteristics and deduce the nominal values.
2. Introduction:
In this experiment, we will be exploring The DC series motor is a widely used electrical machine known for its unique characteristics and applications in various industries. In this experiment, we will investigate the loud characteristics of a DC series motor. The loud characteristic refers to the relationship between the motor's loud or audible noise and its operating conditions. Understanding this characteristic is important for assessing the motor's performance, identifying potential issues, and optimizing its operation. By analyzing the loud characteristics of the DC series motor, we can gain insights into the causes of noise generation and explore methods to minimize or control it. Through this experiment, we aim to enhance our understanding of the DC series motor's behavior and contribute to efficient and quieter motor operation. In a DC series motor, the field winding is connected in series with the armature and hence carries the full armature current. When the load on shaft of the motor is increased, the armature current also increases. Hence, the flux in a series motor increases with the increase in the armature current and vice-versa.
2 |page Following are the three important characteristics of a DC series motor: 1. Torque and Armature Current Characteristics:
Therefore, up to magnetic saturation, the armature torque is directly proportional to the
square of the armature current. Hence, the torque versus armature current curve upto magnetic saturation is a parabola (part OA of the curve). After the magnetic saturation, the armature torque is directly proportional to the armature current. Hence, torque versus armature current curve after magnetic saturation is a straight line (Part AB of the curve). From the torque versus armature current curve, it is clear that the starting torque of a DC series motor is very high. It is the graph plotted between the armature torque (τa) and the armature current (Ia) of a DC motor. It is also known as electrical characteristics of the DC motor. 2. Speed and Armature Current Characteristics: With the increase in the armature current, the back EMF is decreased due to the ohmic drop in armature and series field resistances whereas the flux is increased. Although, the resistance drop is very small under normal operating conditions and can be neglected, thus,
Hence, up to magnetic saturation the speed versus armature current curve is a hyperbola while after the magnetic saturation, the flux becomes constant and hence the speed
3 |page 3. Speed and Torque Characteristics: The speed torque characteristics of a DC series motor can be obtained from its speed- armature current and torque-armature current characteristics as follows
For a given value of Ia determine τa from the torque-armature current curve and N from the speed-armature current curve. This will give a point (τ,N) on speed-torque curve. Repeat this procedure for different values of armature current and determine the corresponding values of speed and torque (τ1, N1), (τ2, N2) etc.
When these points are plotted on the graph, we obtain the speed and torque characteristics of a DC series motor as shown in the figure. It is clear from the characteristics that the series motor has high torque at low speed and vice-versa. Thus, the series DC motor is used where high starting torque is required.
Important – At no-load, the armature current is very small and so is the flux. Hence, the speed increases to a dangerously high value which can damage the machine. Therefore, a series motor should never be started on no-load.
1.Connect the D.C. series motor according to the circuit shown above. 2.Before operation connect the magnetic powder brake to the control unit. 3.Set the control unit switches on the following range:
Speed range switch "min- " 6000
Torque range switch "Nm" 1.0 Operation mode MAN 1
4.Put the circuit into operation. The d.c. supply voltage is to be kept constant at 220V. during the measurements. 5.Load the motor between .no load operation and two times the nominal. torque (O.477N.m). 6. Measure the speed n, la, T at a d.c. voltage of 220v. 7.Calculate the values of Pi, PO and. 8.Using the measured and calculated values, draw la, n, Pi, PO and against load torque T.
5 |page 6. Results:
Note that 𝑹𝒇 = 𝟐𝟎𝟖𝟔 𝑶𝒉𝒎
Measured Values Calculated Values
Motor Motor 𝑽𝒊𝒏 (𝒗) 𝑰𝒊𝒏 (𝑨) 𝑻𝒂 (𝑵. 𝒎) N (r.p.m) 𝑰𝒇 (𝑨) 𝑰𝒂 (𝑨) 𝑷𝒊𝒏 (𝑾) 𝑷𝒐 (𝑾) 𝜼(%)
220 1.15 0.5 1380 1.15 1.15 253.12 72.26 28.54
220 0.96 0.4 1595 0.96 0.96 212.45 66.81 31.45
220 0.8 0.3 1815 0.8 0.8 176 57.02 32.40
220 0.63 0.2 2130 0.63 0.63 138.6 44.61 32.19
220 0.46 0.1 2560 0.46 0.46 101.2 26.81 26.50
220 0.38 0.05 2880 0.38 0.38 83.6 15.08 18.04
220 0.34 0.01 3120 0.34 0.34 74.8 3.27 4.37
220 0.3 0 3425 0.3 0.3 66 0 0
7. Curves: Curves in next pages:
6 |page 7 |page 8 |page 8. Conclusion:
In conclusion, the load test on DC series motor is an experiment that involves applying a variable load to the motor and measuring its corresponding speed, current, and voltage. The load can be applied by using a dynamometer or another DC motor coupled to the motor under test. By varying the load on the dynamometer or the second motor, we can change the load torque on the motor under test and observe how it affects the motor's performance. The load test can help us to plot the graphs of speed vs torque, efficiency vs output power, and input power vs output power for the DC series motor. These graphs can reveal the behavior and limitations of the motor under different operating conditions. A series motor, on the other hand, automatically slows down on such a gradient because of increased current demand and, therefore, it develops more torque at reduced speed. This drop in speed allows the motor to develop a large starting torque with but a moderate increase of power. Hence under the same load conditions, the rating of a series motor would be less than for a shunt motor. The load test on DC series motor is an important experiment for understanding the principles and applications of DC machines. It can help us to learn how to control the speed and torque of a DC series motor by adjusting the supply voltage or the field resistance. It can also help us to compare the performance of different types of DC motors, such as shunt, compound, and separately excited motors. The load test can also demonstrate the advantages and disadvantages of using DC series motors in various industrial and domestic applications.
9. Discussion:
1. In torque-speed curve we showed that the relationship between the torque and the speed and we showed that the speed of the motor decreases severely as the load torque increases.
2. The current consumption of DC series motor is the graph that shows the relationship between the armature current and the load torque. The armature current is proportional to the torque, and it is increases as the torque increases. T α Ia
3. The load test also showed that the efficiency of the motor increases with the output power until it reaches a maximum value, and then decreases. This is because the input power of the motor consists of two components: the output power and the losses. The losses include the copper losses in the armature and field windings, and the iron and friction losses in the core and bearings. As the output power increases, the copper losses increase more than proportionally, but the iron and friction losses remain constant. Therefore, the efficiency increases until the output power is equal to the iron and friction losses, and then decreases as the copper losses become dominant.
9 |page 4. In torque-speed curve we showed that the relationship between the torque and the speed and we showed that the speed of the motor decreases severely as the load torque increases, this is because the armature current and the field current are the same in a series motor, and they increase with the load. This increases the back emf and reduces the effective voltage across the armature, which reduces the speed. However, the torque of the motor increases proportionally with the armature current, and the motor can produce a high starting torque.
5. The nominal data of the motor are the rated values of voltage, current, speed, power, and torque that are specified by the manufacturer for a given motor. These values are usually marked on the nameplate of the motor. We get that the rated torque is 𝟏𝟎𝟎 T=P/ω = (𝟐𝛑∗𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎) = 0.47 (N.m) ( ) 𝟔𝟎
almost equal to 0.47 (N.m) and the rated voltage is equal to 220 (volt) and from the rated value of the torque we could find the rated speed of the motor by use our speed-torque curve and make a point in the torque plane like I did in the curve and sketch a discrete line to intersect the curve and at that point and project a discrete line on the speed plane we get the speed is almost equal to 1457 (r.p.m). and we did the same way with torque-current curve we make a point in the torque plane like I did in the curve and sketch a discrete line to intersect the curve and at that point and project a discrete line on the armature current plane we get the armature is almost equal to 1.07(A).
