Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 16 views

    19 Seperableequations

    Uploaded by

    Ico Pangilinan
    This document covers separable differential equations and methods for solving them. It includes examples of solving separable differential equations, finding orthogonal trajectories, and mixture problems. Extra examples cover Newton's law of cooling and exponential growth and decay differential equations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    19 Seperableequations

    Uploaded by

    Ico Pangilinan
    16 views5 pages
    This document covers separable differential equations and methods for solving them. It includes examples of solving separable differential equations, finding orthogonal trajectories, and mixture problems. Extra examples cover Newton's law of cooling and exponential growth and decay differential equations.

    Original Title

    19.Seperableequations

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document covers separable differential equations and methods for solving them. It includes examples of solving separable differential equations, finding orthogonal trajectories, and mixture problems. Extra examples cover Newton's law of cooling and exponential growth and decay differential equations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    16 views5 pages

    19 Seperableequations

    Uploaded by

    Ico Pangilinan
    This document covers separable differential equations and methods for solving them. It includes examples of solving separable differential equations, finding orthogonal trajectories, and mixture problems. Extra examples cover Newton's law of cooling and exponential growth and decay differential equations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 5

    Lecture 19 : Separable Equations

    A Separable Differential Equation is a first order differential equation of the form


    dy
    = f (y)g(x)
    dx
    .
    In this case we have Z Z
    1
    dy = g(x)dx
    f (y)
    .
    We can see this by differentiating both sides with respect to x.
    When we perform the above integration, we get an equation relating x and y which defines y implicitly
    as a function of x. Sometimes we can solve for y explicitly in terms of x.
    Example Solve the following differential equation:
    √
    0 x
    y =
    3y

    Example Solve the following differential equation:

    xy + y 0 = 100x

    1
    Example Solve the following initial value problem:

    y(sin x)
    y0 = , y(0) = 1
    y2 + 1

    Example Solve the following Initial value problem:

    y 0 = yex , y(0) = 2

    2
    Orthogonal Trajectories.
    An Orthogonal Trajectory of a family of curves is a curve that intersects each curve in the family of
    curves at right angles. Two curves intersect at right angles if their tangents at that point intersect at
    right angles. That is if the product of their slopes at the point of intersection is −1.
    Example The family of curves x2 + y 2 = a2 is a family of concentric circles centered at the origin.
    The family of lines of form y = kx, are a family of orthogonal trajectories. Why?

    To find the orthogonal trajectories to a family of curves,


    • We find a differential equation satisfied by all of the curves solving for any constants in the
    description in terms of x and y.

    • We then use the fact that the products of the derivatives of orthogonal curves is −1 to find a new
    differential equation whose solution is the family of orthogonal trajectories.

    Example Find the orthogonal trajectories to the family of curves y = ax3 .


    dy
    = 3ax2 .
    dx

    3
    Mixture Problems
    In these problems a chemical in a liquid solution (or gas) runs into a container holding the liquid. The
    liquid in the container may already have a specified amount of the chemical dissolved in it. We assume
    the mixture is kept uniform by stirring and flows out of the container at a known rate. The differential
    equation describing the process is based on the formula

    Rate of Change Rate at which Rate at which


    of the amount = chemical - chemical
    in the container arrives departs

    Example A vat at Guinness’ brewery with 500 gallons of beer contains 3% alcohol (15 gallons). Beer
    with 5% alcohol per unit of volume is pumped into the vat at a rate of 5 gallons/ min and the mixture
    is pumped out at the same rate. What is the percentage of alcohol after one hour?

    4
    Extra Examples
    Newton’s Law of Cooling.
    y 0 = −0.1(y − 90)

    dy
    = −0.1(y − 90)
    dx
    Separating variables, we get
    1
    dy = −0.1dx
    y − 90
    Integrating both sides, we get
    ln |y − 90| = −0.1x + C
    Applying the exponential function to both sides, we get
    |y − 90| = Ke−0.1x
    Since the value of K may be positive or negative, we get
    y − 90 = Ke−0.1x
    and
    y = 90 + Ke−0.1x .

    Exponential Growth and Decay


    Example Solve the following Initial value problem:
    y 0 = 2y, y(0) = 10

    Separating variables, we get


    1
    dy = 2dx
    y
    Integrating both sides, we get
    ln |y| = 2x + C
    applying the exponential function to both sides, we get
    |y| = e2x eC = Ke2x
    since K can be positive or negative, we can discard absolute value signs and
    y = Ke2x .
    Using the initial value condition, we get
    10 = Ke0 = K
    Therefore
    y = 10e2x .

    You might also like