Tutorial (2)

Q1) Solve the following differential equations:-

1) 𝑥 2 𝑦𝑑𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑦 𝑑𝑥
Solution
Separation of variables ÷ 𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑦
𝑦𝑒 −𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑥 −2 𝑑𝑥 → ∫ 𝑦𝑒 −𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 𝑥 −2 𝑑𝑥
⏟
𝑏𝑦−𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑠
1
−𝑦𝑒 −𝑦 − 𝑒 −𝑦 = − + 𝑐 Diff int
𝑥 𝑦 𝒆−𝒚
1 −𝒆−𝒚
0 𝒆−𝒚

𝑑𝑥
2) (1 + 𝑡 2 ) = 𝑡 4𝑥 4
𝑑𝑡
Solution
Separation of variables ÷ 𝑥 4 (1 + 𝑡 2 )
4 4
𝑡 𝑡
𝑥 −4 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡 → ∫ 𝑥 −4
𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑡
1 + 𝑡2 1 + 𝑡2
−4
𝑡4 + 1 − 1 −4
(𝑡 4 − 1) + 1
∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑡 → ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑡
1 + 𝑡2 1 + 𝑡2
−4
(𝑡 2 − 1)(𝑡 2 + 1) 1
∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ [ + ] 𝑑𝑡
1 + 𝑡2 1 + 𝑡2
−4 2
1 𝑥 −3 𝑡 3
∫𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ [𝑡 − 1 + 2
] 𝑑𝑡 → = − 𝑡 + tan−1 𝑡 + 𝑐
1+𝑡 −3 3

3) 𝑦 3 𝑑𝑥 + √1 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦 = 0
Solution
Separation of variables ÷ 𝑦 3 √1 − 𝑥 2
 1 −3
1
𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0 → ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑦 −3 𝑑𝑦 = 0
√1 − 𝑥 2 √1 − 𝑥 2
−1
𝑦 −2
∴ sin 𝑥 + =𝑐
−2

𝑑𝑟
4) = 𝑟 sec 𝜃
𝑑𝜃
Solution
Separation of variables ÷ 𝑟
1 1
𝑑𝑟 = sec 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 → ∫ 𝑑𝑟 = ∫ sec 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
𝑟 𝑟
∴ ln |𝑟| = ln|sec 𝜃 + tan 𝜃| + 𝑐

5) (1 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦 − 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 = 0
Solution
Separation of variables " common -factor "
(1 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 (1 + 𝑥 2 ))𝑑𝑦 − 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 = 0
(1 + 𝑥 2 )(1 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦 − 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 = 0
Divide by (1 + 𝑥 2 )𝑦 2
1 + 𝑦2 1 1 1
𝑑𝑦 − 𝑑𝑥 = 0 → ∫ ( + 1) 𝑑𝑦 − ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝑦2 1 + 𝑥2 𝑦2 1 + 𝑥2
1
∴ − + 𝑦 − tan−1 𝑥 = 𝑐
𝑦

𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥

6) 3𝑒 𝑥 tan 𝑦 + 𝑦 ′ (1 + 𝑒 𝑥 ) sec 2 𝑦 = 0
Solution
Separation of variables ÷ tan 𝑦 (1 + 𝑒 𝑥 )
 3𝑒 𝑥 sec 2 𝑦 3𝑒 𝑥 sec 2 𝑦
𝑥
𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑦 = 0 → ∫ 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑦 = 0
1+𝑒 tan 𝑦 1+𝑒 tan 𝑦
∴ 3 ln|1 + 𝑒 𝑥 | = ln|tan 𝑦| + ln|𝑐 |
(1+𝑒 𝑥 )3 (1 + 𝑒 𝑥 )3
ln ln|𝑐 |
∴ 𝑒 tan 𝑦 =𝑒 → =𝑐
tan 𝑦

7) 2𝑥𝑦𝑦 ′ − 1 − 𝑦 2 = 0
Solution
2𝑥𝑦𝑦 ′ = 1 + 𝑦 2 → 2𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑦 = (1 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥
Separation of variables ÷ 𝑥(1 + 𝑦 2 )
2𝑦 1 2𝑦 1
𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑥 → ∫ 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
1 + 𝑦2 𝑥 1 + 𝑦2 𝑥

2|
1 + 𝑦2
∴ ln|1 + 𝑦 = ln |𝑥| + ln |𝑐| → =𝑐
𝑥
8) (𝑦 − 𝑦𝑥 2 )𝑦 ′ = (𝑦 + 1)2
Solution
𝑦(1 − 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑦 = (𝑦 + 1)2 𝑑𝑥
Separation of variables ÷ (𝑦 + 1)2 (1 − 𝑥 2 )
𝑦 1 𝑦+1−1 1
𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑥 → ∫ 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
(𝑦 + 1)2 1 − 𝑥2 (𝑦 + 1)2 1 − 𝑥2
1 1
∫[ − (𝑦 + 1)−2 ] 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑦+1 1 − 𝑥2
∴ ln|𝑦 + 1| + (𝑦 + 1)−1 = tanh−1 𝑥 + 𝑐

𝑑𝑦 𝑥2 𝑦2
9) =
𝑑𝑥 1+𝑥
Solution
 Separation of variables
2 2
𝑥 (𝑥 − 1) + 1
𝑦 −2 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑥 → ∫ 𝑦 −2 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
1+𝑥 1+𝑥
−2
(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 1) 1
∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ [ + ] 𝑑𝑥
1+𝑥 𝑥+1
1
∫ 𝑦 −2 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ [(𝑥 − 1) + ] 𝑑𝑥
𝑥+1

1
∴ − = 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + ln|1 + 𝑥 | + 𝑐
𝑦

𝑑𝑦 𝑦
10) ln 𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
Solution
Separation of variables
1 1 1 1
𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑥 → ∫ 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑦 𝑥 ln 𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 ln 𝑥
𝑦
∴ ln |𝑦| = ln|ln 𝑥 | + ln |𝑐| → =𝑐
ln 𝑥

1
𝑑𝑦 sin( )
11) = 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 2 𝑦 cos 𝑦
Solution
Separation of variables
1
sin ( )
∫ 𝑦 cos 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
⏟ 𝑥2
𝑏𝑦−𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑠
 1
𝑦 sin 𝑦 + 𝑦 cos 𝑦 = cos + 𝑐 Diff int
𝑥 𝑦 cos 𝑦
1 sin 𝑦
0 − cos 𝒚

12) (𝑥 + 2𝑦)𝑑𝑥 − (2𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0

Solution
Homogeneous ÷ 𝑥
𝑦 𝑦
(1 + 2 ( )) 𝑑𝑥 − (2 + ( )) 𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑥 𝑥
𝑦
Let 𝑢 = → 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑥𝑑𝑢 + 𝑢𝑑𝑥
𝑥
(1 + 2𝑢)𝑑𝑥 − (2 + 𝑢)(𝑥𝑑𝑢 + 𝑢𝑑𝑥 ) = 0
(1 + 2𝑢)𝑑𝑥 − (2 + 𝑢)𝑥𝑑𝑢 − (2 + 𝑢)𝑢𝑑𝑥 = 0
[1 + 2𝑢 − 2𝑢 − 𝑢2 ]𝑑𝑥 − (2 + 𝑢)𝑥𝑑𝑢 = 0
(1 − 𝑢2 )𝑑𝑥 − (2 + 𝑢)𝑥𝑑𝑢 = 0
Divide by (1 − 𝑢2 )𝑥
𝑑𝑥 2 + 𝑢
− 𝑑𝑢 = 0
𝑥 1 − 𝑢2
1 2 𝑢
∫ 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ [ + ] 𝑑𝑢 = 0
𝑥 1 − 𝑢2 1 − 𝑢2
1
ln|𝑥 | − 2 tanh 𝑢 + ln|1 − 𝑢2 | = 𝑐
−1
2
𝑦
Replace each 𝑢 by
𝑥
−1
𝑦 1 𝑦 2
∴ ln|𝑥 | − 2 tanh ( ) + ln |1 − ( ) | = 𝑐
𝑥 2 𝑥
13) (3𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑦 = 0
Solution
Homogeneous ÷ 𝑥 2
 𝑦 2 𝑦
(3 + ( ) ) 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑥 𝑥
𝑦
Let 𝑢 = → 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑥𝑑𝑢 + 𝑢𝑑𝑥
𝑥
(3 + 𝑢2 )𝑑𝑥 − 𝑢(𝑥𝑑𝑢 + 𝑢𝑑𝑥 ) = 0
(3 + 𝑢2 )𝑑𝑥 − 𝑢𝑥𝑑𝑢 − 𝑢2 𝑑𝑥 = 0
(3 + 𝑢2 − 𝑢2 )𝑑𝑥 − 𝑢𝑥𝑑𝑢 = 0
3
3𝑑𝑥 − 𝑢𝑥𝑑𝑢 = 0 → ∫ 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑢𝑑𝑢 = 0
𝑥
𝑢2
3 ln|𝑥 | − =𝑐
2
𝑦
Replace each 𝑢 by
𝑥
𝑦 2
(𝑥 )
∴ 3 ln|𝑥 | − =𝑐
2
14) 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦 = 2𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑦
Solution
Reordering the equation :-
𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0
Homogeneous ÷ 𝑥 2
𝑦 2 𝑦
( ) 𝑑𝑥 + (1 − 2 ( )) 𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑥 𝑥
𝑦
Let 𝑢 = → 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑥𝑑𝑢 + 𝑢𝑑𝑥
𝑥
𝑢2 𝑑𝑥 + (1 − 2𝑢)(𝑥𝑑𝑢 + 𝑢𝑑𝑥 ) = 0
𝑢2 𝑑𝑥 + (1 − 2𝑢)𝑥𝑑𝑢 + (1 − 2𝑢)𝑢𝑑𝑥 = 0
[𝑢2 + 𝑢 − 2𝑢2 ]𝑑𝑥 + (1 − 2𝑢)𝑥𝑑𝑢 = 0
[𝑢 − 𝑢2 ]𝑑𝑥 + (1 − 2𝑢)𝑥𝑑𝑢 = 0
 𝑑𝑥 1 − 2𝑢 1 1 − 2𝑢
+ 𝑑𝑢 = 0 → ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑢 = 0
𝑥 𝑢 − 𝑢2 𝑥 𝑢 − 𝑢2
ln|𝑥 | + ln|𝑢 − 𝑢2 | = ln 𝑐
𝑦
Replace each 𝑢 by
𝑥
𝑦 𝑦 2
∴ ln|𝑥 | + ln | − ( ) | = ln 𝑐
𝑥 𝑥
𝑦 𝑦 2
∴ 𝑥( −( ) ) = 𝑐
𝑥 𝑥

15) 𝑥 (𝑦 + 5𝑥 )𝑦 ′ + 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥𝑦 − 3𝑦 2 = 0
Solution
(𝑥𝑦 + 5𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑦 + (𝑥 2 − 4𝑥𝑦 − 3𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 = 0
Homogeneous ÷ 𝑥 2
𝑦 𝑦 𝑦 2
( + 5) 𝑑𝑦 + (1 − 4 ( ) − 3 ( ) ) 𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝑦
Let 𝑢 = → 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑥𝑑𝑢 + 𝑢𝑑𝑥
𝑥
(𝑢 + 5)(𝑥𝑑𝑢 + 𝑢𝑑𝑥 ) + (1 − 4𝑢 − 3𝑢2 )𝑑𝑥 = 0
(𝑢 + 5)𝑥𝑑𝑢 + (𝑢 + 5)𝑢𝑑𝑥 + (1 − 4𝑢 − 3𝑢2 )𝑑𝑥 = 0
[𝑢2 + 5𝑢 + 1 − 4𝑢 − 3𝑢2 ]𝑑𝑥 + (𝑢 + 5)𝑥𝑑𝑢 = 0
[1 + 𝑢 − 2𝑢2 ]𝑑𝑥 + (𝑢 + 5)𝑥𝑑𝑢 = 0
𝑑𝑥 𝑢+5 𝑑𝑥 𝑢+5
− 2 𝑑𝑢 = 0 → − 𝑑𝑢 = 0
𝑥 2𝑢 − 𝑢 − 1 𝑥 (2𝑢 + 1)(𝑢 − 1)
⏟
𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

1 𝐴 𝐵
∫ 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ [ + ] 𝑑𝑢 = 0
𝑥 2𝑢 + 1 𝑢 − 1
Using partial fraction technique one can get 𝐴 = −3, 𝐵 = 2
1 −3 2
∫ 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ [ + ] 𝑑𝑢 = 0
𝑥 2𝑢 + 1 𝑢 − 1
 3
ln|𝑥 | + ln|2𝑢 + 1| − 2 ln|𝑢 − 1| = ln 𝑐
2
3
𝑥 (2𝑢 +1)2
=𝑐
(𝑢 − 1)2
𝑦
Replace each 𝑢 by
𝑥
3
𝑦 2
𝑥 (2 ( ) + 1)
∴ 𝑥
2 =𝑐
𝑦
(( ) − 1)
𝑥

16) 𝑥𝑦 ′ = 𝑦 + √4𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2
Solution
Homogeneous ÷ 𝑥

′
𝑦 𝑦 2
𝑦 = + √4 + ( )
𝑥 𝑥
𝑦
Let 𝑢 = → 𝑦 ′ = 𝑥𝑢′ + 𝑢
𝑥

𝑥𝑢′ + 𝑢 = 𝑢 + √4 + 𝑢2
𝑑𝑢
𝑥 = √4 + 𝑢2
𝑑𝑥
1 𝑑𝑥 1 1
𝑑𝑢 = →∫ 𝑑𝑢 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√4 + 𝑢 2 𝑥 √4 + 𝑢 2 𝑥
𝑢
sinh−1 ( ) = ln|𝑥 | + 𝑐
2
𝑦 𝑦/𝑥
Replace each 𝑢 by ∴ sinh−1 ( ) = ln|𝑥 | + 𝑐
𝑥 2
 𝑦
17) (𝑥 csc 𝑥 − 𝑦) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 0
Solution
Homogeneous ÷ 𝑥
𝑦 𝑦
(csc − )𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑥 𝑥
𝑦
Let 𝑢 = → 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑥𝑑𝑢 + 𝑢𝑑𝑥
𝑥
(csc 𝑢 − 𝑢)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑢 + 𝑢𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝑑𝑥
csc 𝑢 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑢 = 0 → + sin 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 0
𝑥
1
∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ sin 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 0 → ln |𝑥| − cos 𝑢 = 𝑐
𝑥
𝑦 𝑦
Replace each 𝑢 by ∴ ln |𝑥| − cos = 𝑐
𝑥 𝑥

18) (𝑦 − 𝑥 ln 𝑥 + 𝑥 ln 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 + 𝑦(ln 𝑥 − ln 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 = 0

Solution
(𝑦 + 𝑥 (ln 𝑦 − ln 𝑥 ))𝑑𝑦 − 𝑦(ln 𝑦 − ln 𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝑦 𝑦
(𝑦 + 𝑥 ln ( )) 𝑑𝑦 − 𝑦 ln ( ) 𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝑥 𝑥
Homogeneous ÷ 𝑥
𝑦 𝑦 𝑦 𝑦
( + ln ( )) 𝑑𝑦 − ln ( ) 𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝑦
Let 𝑢 = → 𝑦 ′ = 𝑥𝑑𝑢 + 𝑢𝑑𝑥
𝑥
(𝑢 + ln 𝑢)(𝑥𝑑𝑢 + 𝑢𝑑𝑥 ) − 𝑢 ln 𝑢 𝑑𝑥 = 0
 (𝑢 + ln 𝑢)𝑥𝑑𝑢 + (𝑢 + ln 𝑢)𝑢𝑑𝑥 − 𝑢 ln 𝑢 𝑑𝑥 = 0
[𝑢2 + 𝑢 ln 𝑢 − 𝑢 ln 𝑢]𝑑𝑥 + (𝑢 + ln 𝑢)𝑥𝑑𝑢 = 0
𝑢2 𝑑𝑥 + (𝑢 + ln 𝑢)𝑥𝑑𝑢 = 0
1 𝑢 + ln 𝑢
𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑢 = 0
𝑥 𝑢2
1 1
𝑢−2 ln 𝑢] 𝑑𝑢 = 0
∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ [ + ⏟
𝑥 𝑢 𝑏𝑦 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑠

1 1 1 1
∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 − 𝑢 ln 𝑢 + ∫ 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢 = 0 Diff int
ln 𝑢 𝒖−𝟐
1 𝟏
−
𝑢 −∫ 𝒖
0 − cos 𝒚

1 1
ln |𝑥 | + ln|𝑢| − ln 𝑢 − = 𝑐
𝑢 𝑢
𝑦 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦 𝑥
Replace each 𝑢 by ∴ ln |𝑥 | + ln | | − ln | | − = 𝑐
𝑥 𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦

𝑦 𝑦 𝑦 𝑦
19) (𝑦 sin 𝑥 − 𝑥 cos 𝑥 ) 𝑥𝑦 ′ = (𝑥 cos 𝑥 + 𝑦 sin 𝑥 ) 𝑦
Solution
Homogeneous ÷ 𝑥 2
𝑦 𝑦 𝑦 ′ 𝑦 𝑦 𝑦 𝑦
( sin − cos ) 𝑦 = (cos + sin ) ( )
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝑦
Let 𝑢 = → 𝑦 ′ = 𝑥𝑢′ + 𝑢
𝑥
(𝑢 sin 𝑢 − cos 𝑢)(𝑥𝑢′ + 𝑢) = (cos 𝑢 + 𝑢 sin 𝑢)𝑢
𝑥 (𝑢 sin 𝑢 − cos 𝑢)𝑢′ + 𝑢(𝑢 sin 𝑢 − cos 𝑢) = (cos 𝑢 + 𝑢 sin 𝑢)𝑢
𝑥 (𝑢 sin 𝑢 − cos 𝑢)𝑢′ = 2𝑢 cos 𝑢
 2𝑢 cos 𝑢 1 𝑢 sin 𝑢 − cos 𝑢
𝑥𝑢′ = → 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑢
𝑢 sin 𝑢 − cos 𝑢 𝑥 2𝑢 cos 𝑢
1 𝑢 sin 𝑢 cos 𝑢
∫ =∫[ − ] 𝑑𝑢
𝑥 𝑢 cos 𝑢 𝑢 cos 𝑢
1 1 1
∫ = ∫[tan 𝑢 − ]𝑑𝑢
𝑥 2 𝑢
1
ln|𝑥 | = [ln |sec 𝑢 | − ln |𝑢|] + ln 𝑐
2
sec 𝑢 𝑢
ln |𝑥| = [ln √ ] + ln 𝑐 → 𝑥 √ =𝑐
𝑢 sec 𝑢
𝑦 𝑦/𝑥
Replace each 𝑢 by ∴ 𝑥√ =𝑐
𝑥 sec 𝑦/𝑥

𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 +𝑦 2
2
20) =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥𝑦
Solution
Homogeneous ÷ 𝑥 2
𝑦 𝑦 2
𝑑𝑦 𝑒𝑥 +( )
= 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑦
𝑥
𝑦
Let 𝑢 = → 𝑦 ′ = 𝑥𝑢′ + 𝑢
𝑥
𝑢 2 𝑢
𝑒 + 𝑢 𝑒
𝑥𝑢′ + 𝑢 = → 𝑥𝑢′ + 𝑢 = +𝑢
𝑢 𝑢
𝑑𝑢 𝑒 𝑢 1
𝑥 = → 𝑑𝑥 = ⏟ 𝑢𝑒 −𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑥 𝑢 𝑥 𝑏𝑦−𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑠

ln |𝑥| = −𝑢𝑒 −𝑢 − 𝑒 −𝑢 + 𝑐
 𝑦 𝑦
𝑦 𝑦 − −
Replace each 𝑢 by ∴ ln |𝑥| = − 𝑒 𝑥 −𝑒 𝑥 +𝑐
𝑥 𝑥

Q2) Solve the following IVP:-

5
1) 𝑦 ′ + 2𝑦 = 1, 𝑦(0) =
2
Solution
𝑦 ′ = 1 − 2𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
Separation → = 𝑑𝑥 → ∫ = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
1−2𝑦 1−2𝑦
1
− ln|1 − 2𝑦| = 𝑥 + 𝑐
2
5
Using the condition 𝑦 = , 𝑥 = 0
2
1 5
− ln |1 − 2 ( )| = 0 + 𝑐 → 𝑐 = − ln 2
2 2
The particular solution is
ln|1 − 2𝑦| = 𝑥 + 2 ln 2

2) (𝑒 −𝑦 + 1) sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = (1 + cos 𝑥 )𝑑𝑦, 𝑦(0) = 0

Solution
sin 𝑥 1
Separation → 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑦
1+cos 𝑥 1+𝑒 −𝑦
sin 𝑥 𝑒𝑦 sin 𝑥 𝑒𝑦
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 → ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
1 + cos 𝑥 𝑒 (1 + 𝑒 −𝑦 ) 1 + cos 𝑥 𝑒 +1
− ln|1 + cos 𝑥 | + ln 𝑐 = ln|𝑒 𝑦 + 1|
𝑐 = (𝑒 𝑦 + 1)(1 + cos 𝑥)
Using the condition 𝑦 = 0, 𝑥 = 0

𝑐 = (𝑒 0 + 1)(1 + cos 0) = 4
 The particular solution is
∴ (𝑒 𝑦 + 1)(1 + cos 𝑥 ) = 4

3) 𝑥𝑦𝑦 ′ = 2𝑦 2 + 4𝑥 2 , 𝑦(2) = 4

Solution
2 𝑦 ′ 𝑦 2
Homogeneous ÷ 𝑥 → 𝑦 = 2 ( ) + 4
𝑥 𝑥
𝑦
Let 𝑢 = → 𝑦 ′ = 𝑥𝑢′ + 𝑢 → 𝑢(𝑥𝑢′ + 𝑢) = 2𝑢2 + 4
𝑥
𝑥𝑢𝑢′ + 𝑢2 = 2𝑢2 + 4 → 𝑥𝑢𝑢′ = 𝑢2 + 4
𝑑𝑢 𝑢2 + 4 𝑢 1
𝑥 = → 2 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑢 𝑢 +4 𝑥
1 2𝑢 1
∫ 2 𝑑𝑢 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
2 𝑢 +4 𝑥
1
ln|𝑢2 + 4| = ln|𝑥 | + ln|𝑐 |
2
√𝑢2 + 4
=𝑐
𝑥
𝑦
Replace each 𝑢 by
𝑥
2
√(𝑦) + 4
𝑥
∴ =𝑐
𝑥

Using the condition 𝑦 = 4, 𝑥 = 2

2
4
√( ) + 4
2
= 𝑐 → 𝑐 = √2
2

2
√(𝑦) +4
𝑥
The particular solution is → = √2
𝑥