NR SP CTM 017

OFFICIAL
WITHDRAWAL
Standards and control document briefing note
Ref: NR/SP/CTM/017 Issue: 1
Title: Competence & Training in Civil Engineering
Publication date: 3 June 2006 Withdrawal Date: 2 September 2023
Standard/Control Document Owner: Ian Brookes, Chief Buildings & Civils Engineer
Standards change lead/contact for briefings: Jason Wenham, Technical Capability Tel: 07740 785998
Manager
Purpose: Scope:
This Specification sets out the minimum requirements for the This Specification applies to all Civil Engineering work on all
training and assessment of people who undertake Civil existing Network Rail owned structures; Network Rail managed
Engineering work that may affect the operational safety of Structures, shared Structures and Outside Party Structures by
Network Rail controlled infrastructure. It defines processes that Network Rail employees, Contractors and suppliers. In particular
shall be implemented and the standards that shal l be achieved it applies to the training and proof of competence of personnel
to ensure that personnel who undertake Civil Engineering work managing and undertaking examinations of Structures,
are competent to perform the work. Earthworks and of a Brid ge following a Bridge Strike.
Reason for withdrawal:
A new standard has been published NR/L2/CIV/1000 for Competence Management for Buildings and Civils Infrastructure which
has an expanded scope and replaced the requirements in NR/SP/CTM/017.
Affected documents
Reference Issue Impact Document type
NR/SP/CTM/107 1 Withdraw Standard
Briefing requirements:
Detailed briefings are given to those who have specific responsibilities within this standard/control document.
Overview briefings are given to those who might be affected by the content but have no specific responsibilities within the standard/control
document.
Details of the briefing arrangements are included in the associated briefing programme.
• As drainage and lineside was not in scope of this standard, there is no requirement to brief the withdrawal at their Asset
Technical Review (ATR).
• As Project Engineering and Design Engineering was not in scope of this standard, there is no requirement to brief
withdrawal of at the Buildings & Civils Discipline Review Group.
• It has been agreed at Buildings & Civils Competence Design Group that the chairs of the ATRs listed below would brief
the withdrawal of this standard for onward cascade to routes and regions.
Briefing Post Responsible for

(O - Overview/ Function cascade briefing?
D -Detailed) Y/N
D Technical Authority Yes
Network Technical Head Structures
via Structures ATR
Network Technical Head Geotechnical
via Geotech ATR
Network Technical Head Mining & Tunnels via Mining and
Tunnels ATRs
Network Technical Head Buildings & Architecture
via Buildings ATR
NOTE: Contractors are responsible for arranging and undertaking their own Detailed and Overview Briefings in accordance with their own processes
and procedures.
Ref NR/SP/CTM/017
Issue 01
Date June 2006
Specification
Competence & Training in Civil Engineering
Endorsement & Authorisation
Endorsed by:
K Teager, Director of Civil Engineering
Authorised by:
D Carries/Head of Competence and Training Management
Accepted for issue by:
M McManus, National Standards Manager
This document is the property of Network Rail. It shall not be reproduced in whole or part nor disclosed to a third
party without the written permission of the Standard Owner.
© Copyright 2006 Network Rail
Uncontrolled copy once printed from its electronic source.
Published & Issued by: Network Rail 40 Melton Street, London NW1 2EE
Ref: NR/SP/CTM/017
Issue: 01
Date: June 2006
Issue record
Issue Date Comments
01 June 2006 New Issue that supersedes all previous versions of:
RT/CE/S/047 - Standards of Competence for
Examination of Structures
RT/CE/S/048 - Standards of Competence for
Examination of a Bridge following a Bridge Strike
The above are all withdrawn as a result of this issue.
Summary
This Specification defines the requirements for the training and assessment of
persons undertaking Civil Engineering work on Network Rail controlled
infrastructure.
Compliance
The provisions of this specification must be implemented from 3rd June 2006
for all Civil Engineering work that may affect the operational safety of Network
Rail controlled infrastructure.
This Network Rail Specification is mandatory and must be complied with by
Network Rail and Network Rail’s Contractors who undertake Civil Engineering
work that may affect the operational safety of on Network Rail controlled
infrastructure from 3rd August 2006.
For people who examine Structures and Earthworks:
Competence profiles shall be documented by 4th November 2006.
Training plans shall be documented by 4th November 2006.
Training delivery against the Training Plans shall commence by 1st
January 2007.
Assessment of people against the requirements set out in Appendices
B and C shall commence by 4th November 2006, shall be complete by
1st November 2008 and shall be maintained from that date forward.
For people who examine bridges the requirements take immediate effect and
a set of transitional arrangements apply as detailed in Appendix A.
Disclaimer
In issuing this document for its stated purpose, Network Rail makes no
warranties, express or implied, that compliance with all or any documents it
issues is sufficient on its own to ensure safe systems of work or operation. Users
are reminded of their own duties under health and safety legislation.
Supply
Copies of documents are available electronically, within Network Rail’s
organisation. Hard copies of this document will be available to Network Rail
employees on request to the Document Controller and to other organisations
from IHS Technical Indexes (01344 404409).
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Contents
1 Purpose 3
2 Scope 3
3 Reference documentation 3
4 Definitions 3
5 Requirements 3
6 Application 3
Appendix A Training and Assessment 3
1 Examination of Structures 3
2 Examination of Bridges following a Bridge Strike 3
3 Development for other Competences 3
Appendix B Assessor Guidance 3
Appendix C Competence Standards for Examination of Structures 3
Appendix D Competence Standards for Examination of Bridges following a
reported strike by road vehicles or vessels. 3
Appendix E Competence Standards for Examination of Earthworks 3
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Ref: NR/SP/CTM/017
Issue: 01
Date: June 2006
1 Purpose
This Specification sets out the minimum requirements for the training and
assessment of people who undertake Civil Engineering work that may affect
the operational safety of Network Rail controlled infrastructure. It defines
processes that shall be implemented and the standards that shall be achieved
to ensure that personnel who undertake Civil Engineering work are competent
to perform the work.
2 Scope
This Specification applies to all Civil Engineering work on all existing Network
Rail owned Structures; Network Rail managed Structures, shared Structures
and Outside Party Structures by Network Rail employees, Contractors and
suppliers. In particular it applies to the training and proof of competence of
personnel managing and undertaking examinations of Structures, Earthworks
and of a Bridge following a Bridge Strike. The scope of this first issue is
limited; it will be expanded in subsequent issues.
3 Reference documentation
NR/SP/OHS/018 Safety requirements for Track medical & alcohol & drugs
screening & certification
NR/SP/CIV/035 Assessment of Structures
NR/SP/CTM/005 Quality Assurance in Training Delivery
4 Definitions
Assessment
The gathering and judgement of evidence to demonstrate a person’s
Competence in accordance with a Competence Standard. In the context of
this Specification this term shall not be confused with the determination of the
safe load carrying capacity of a Bridge in accordance with Assessment of
Structures (NR/SP/CIV/035).
Assessor
A person who is competent and authorised, in accordance with the
organisation’s Competence Management System, to assess the Competence
of others.
Authority to Work
Authority to Work is a document that details the work activities that a person is
authorised to complete. It includes the details of a person’s competence and
details of any restrictions that may apply to the way the person works, e.g.
requirement for supervision.
Bridge
A Structure of one or more spans greater than or equal to 1,800mm, whose
prime purpose is usually to carry traffic or services over an obstruction or gap.
For the purposes of this Specification, Structures whose prime purpose is to
carry services (utilities) over an obstruction or gap are excluded.
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Date: June 2006
Bridge Strike
An incident in which a road vehicle or its load, or a waterborne vessel or its
load, impacts with fabric of a Bridge.
Bridge Strike Examiner (BSE)
A person who has been certificated as competent to permit the movement of
trains up to Normal Speed over or under Bridges following a Bridge Strike.
Bridge Strike Nominee (BSN)
A person who has been certificated as competent to permit the movement of
trains at Normal Speed over or under Bridges following a Bridge Strike when
the damage is within defined limits.
Building
A permanent fixed roof Structure other than a Train shed or platform into
which people can go and within which goods may be stored, or within which
plant or equipment may be installed.
Candidate
A person whose Competence is to be assessed by an Assessor.
Competence
The ability to perform work to the standard expected. In the context of this
Specification the term includes the practical and theoretical knowledge,
experience and skill required to carry out Safety Critical Work so as to ensure
the safety of any person who might be affected.
Competence Management System
A Competence Management System (CMS) describes the processes,
methods, tools and procedures that are used to assure the competence of the
people and organisations upon which an organisation relies.
Competence Standard
Consists of Elements, Performance Statements, Scope Statements, and
evidence requirements and is a statement of:
• What a person must be able to do and how well, in order to achieve
the intended outcome of work (Element);
• How this would be assessed (Performance Statements,);
• The range of circumstances in which the ability would have to be
demonstrated (Scope Statements);
• The types of evidence needed to ensure that performance is
consistent and can be sustained (evidence requirements).
Culvert
A Structure with a span or diameter greater than 450 mm and less than 1,800
mm whose prime purpose is usually, but not exclusively, to permit water or
services to pass under or adjacent to a railway, road or other Network Rail
infrastructure. The term excludes Outside Party pipelines.
Cutting
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Date: June 2006
An excavation that allows railway lines to pass through surrounding ground at

an acceptable level and gradient. The term excludes track ballast, blanketing,
geosythetics directly associated with track performance and capping layers.
Cyclical Examination
A regular visual examination of an Earthwork to identify and record signs of
slope instability.
Earthwork
An Embankment, Cutting (soil or rock), or Natural Slope (soil or rock). Any
local support, bolting or netting of rock cuttings shall be classified as part of
the rock cutting for examination purposes. Any reinforced soil wall less steep
than seventy degrees shall be examined as an Earthwork. For the purposes
of this Specification, generally a single Earthwork shall comprise either the Up
or Down side of the railway, the two sides being separated by an imaginary
line along the centre of the track or tracks.
Earthwork Condition
The categorisation of an Earthwork into ‘poor’, ‘marginal’ or ‘serviceable’ as a
result of an Earthworks Examination.
Earthworks Examiner
The person who examines an Earthwork.
Earthworks Examining Engineer
The person who has responsibility for the delivery of the process of the
examination of Earthworks.
Earthworks Manager
The person appointed by Network Rail to be responsible for the safe
management of Earthworks within a defined geographical area or at specific
locations.
Earthworks Remediation
Any works undertaken to make good a slope failure and/or to improve the
stability of an existing Earthwork.
Embankment
An Earthwork that allows railway lines to pass over low lying ground, or
ground liable to flood, at an acceptable level and gradient. The term excludes
track ballast, blanketing, geosythetics directly associated with track
performance and capping layers.
Evaluation
The determination of the stability of an Earthwork taking into accounts its
physical condition. The term may include the use of historic data, site
investigation information and factual information.
Examiner
The person charged with being present during the examination to observe the
Structure personally, to undertake, and/or to take responsibility, for the
monitoring and recording of defects, and to certify that the examination has
been carried out.
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Examining Engineer
The person approved by Network Rail to manage the examination process for
a defined range of Structures.
Geomorphological Features
Are: slope orientation, gradient and drainage of the surrounding land, and any
notable variability in these as a result of weathering, subsidence or slope
movement.
Knowledge Evidence
Evidence that the Candidate can recall facts and knows how to apply
principles. It may be observed during performance but is more likely to be
gathered through oral questioning or written tests.
Minor retaining wall
Any retaining wall that does not support vehicular load and that retains
material either to a height of 600 mm or less, or to a height of 1 metre or less
provided it is less than 5 metres long.
Minor Structures
Those Structures supporting signalling assets, telecommunication assets,
electrification assets, lighting assets. The term includes straight signal posts,
electrification masts, equipment platforms and minor retaining walls such as
those surrounding or supporting signal location cabinets. The term does not
include signal gantries and cantilevers.
Natural Slope
Sloping ground that has been formed by natural processes.
Normal Speed
In the context of Bridge Strikes, Normal Speed is the maximum speed on
each line that applied immediately before the Bridge Strike occurred or was
reported.
Operational Use Parameters
Loading; speed of trains; frequency of trains.
Outside Party
An organisation or person other than Network Rail that is an infrastructure
owner or developer, or is a user or occupier of Network Rail’s infrastructure.
The term includes Highway Authorities, Passenger Transport Executives,
public or private developers, Train Operating Companies, etc.
Overline Bridge
A Bridge carrying non-rail vehicular traffic over one or more operational
railway tracks. An Overline Bridge usually carries a road and may also be
referred to as an overbridge.
Operational Capability
In the context of this Specification, the fitness for purpose and safety of an
asset for continued operational use by rail traffic or members of the public.
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Performance Evidence
Objective (auditable) evidence that results from a person performing a task.
Performance Evidence may arise from an Assessor’s direct observation of the
Candidate performing the task in question. Alternatively it may be gathered
by inspection of the finished product and associated documents, or collecting
witness testimony from third parties.
Rock Slope Hazard Index (RSHI)
The system used to quantify the condition of Rock Cuttings and Natural rock
Slopes, based on observed features of the Earthwork.
SCMI Structures condition marking index.
Signal Box Special Instructions
A set of instructions required by a Controlling Signaller to perform his/her
duties, and which in the context of management of the risk from Bridge
Strikes, specifies for a particular Bridge or Bridges the criteria for rail traffic to
be permitted to pass over or under the Bridge following a Bridge Strike prior
to, or after an examination of the Bridge, and the specified speeds applicable.
Slope Failure
Any significant rock fall or soil slip, slide or flow in an Earthwork.
Soil Slope Hazard Index (SSHI)
The system used to quantify the condition of soil Earthworks; it is based on
observed features of the Earthwork.
Special Examination
A visual examination of an Earthwork undertaken outwith the standard defined
frequency.
Structure
Something built to support or retain a load. The term includes Bridges;
viaducts; Tunnels; Culverts; retaining walls including Minor retaining walls;
coastal and estuarial defences; gantries; posts and stanchions carrying
overhead line equipment lighting or signals; Train sheds; platform canopies;
platforms; Buildings and water-retaining Structures.
Structures Manager
The person with formally delegated responsibility for the safe management of
a Structure.
Train shed
A station roof (including its supports) that spans across operational railway.
Tunnel
A Structure provided to allow a railway to pass under higher land and which
has been excavated without disturbing the surface of that land. The term
includes shafts, adits or portals. Other types of construction are included
where in the opinion of the Structures manager; the Structure needs to be
examined as a Tunnel.
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Underline Bridge
A Bridge carrying one or more operational railway tracks. An Underline
Bridge usually carries the railway over a road or watercourse and may also be
referred to as an underbridge.
Verification
Verification is a process by which the quality of assessment decisions and the
supporting process are independently assured.
5 Requirements
5.1 Deployment
Employers shall not deploy any employee on any tasks associated with
Civil Engineering asset examination work that may affect the operational
safety of Network Rail controlled infrastructure, until that person has
attended and successfully completed appropriate training or has been
assessed as competent and has been authorised to complete the work.
Where a person has been trained they may be deployed but subject to
an appropriate level of supervision until assessed as competent. Note
that different arrangements apply following the training of Bridge Strike
Nominees (see Appendix A).
5.2 Training
Subject to the minimum requirement in 5.1, employers shall have

systems in place to identify specific training needs. Specific training
modules have been developed to address the training needs of persons
who examine Structures. Details of the training requirements are
contained in Appendix A of this Specification. Employers shall use this
information to determine what training is appropriate for each person.
The following steps shall be used and documented to identify and satisfy
specific training needs:
1. Identify deployment requirements for the person concerned.
2. Establish the Competence of the person in relation to those
deployment requirements.
3. Establish what development is required and therefore what
training is appropriate to match the deployment needs.
4. Agree a development plan with the person and the order in
which the training should take place.
5. Arrange for the relevant training to be completed.
5.3 Mentoring
Following the successful completion of training, as detailed in Appendix

A, each trainee shall undertake a period of mentored workplace
experience. The requirements for mentoring shall be provided in detail
in each training course. The trainee’s employer shall appoint a mentor
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who shall be responsible for developing the trainee’s knowledge and

enabling the learning to be consolidated through practical workplace
experience. Employers shall ensure that appropriate supervision is
maintained during the period of mentoring.
In support of completing the mentoring effectively and the assessment of

the individual, each employer shall provide a logbook to record what
work the individual has performed in the workplace.
5.4 Assessment
Following successful completion of the relevant training and/or

mentoring each person shall be assessed against the requirements of
the relevant Competence Standard as given in Appendices C, D & E of
this Specification.
5.5 Delivery of Training
Persons delivering training courses for Bridge Strike Nominees and/or

Structures Examination shall be approved in accordance with
NR/SP/CTM/005: Quality Assurance in Training Delivery (or other
relevant Network Rail requirement): for Bridge Strike Nominee training
they shall also be registered by National Competency Control Agency
(NCCA).
Trainers shall only use the Network Rail approved training plans and
assessments to deliver the training.
5.6 Competence Assessment and Verification
Assessors shall be approved in accordance with the employing

organisation’s Competence Management System prior to undertaking
assessments against the Competence Standards detailed in this
Specification. Assessors shall plan and complete assessments.
Employers shall have procedures in place to ensure that at least 10% of

completed assessments are verified.
5.7 Work Authorisation
On completion of an Assessment, employers shall have systems in

place to issue an appropriate Authority to Work. Each Authority to Work
shall be signed by the person to whom it is being issued and by a person
with managerial responsibility.
5.8 Assurance of continued Competence
5.8.1 Frequency of practice of the Competence
Table 1 below shows the frequency at which each Competence

title should be practised to ensure that it is maintained.
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Frequency of
Reference Competence title
practice
Ensure that Structures remain fit 4 times in 12
STE 1
and safe for use months
Review results of Structures
4 times in 12
STE 2 examination and recommend
months
actions where necessary
Visually examine Minor Twice in 12
STE 3
Structures months
Examine the condition of 4 times in 12
STE 4
Structures months
Examine the condition of station 4 times in 12
STE 5
Structures and Buildings months
Examine the condition of Tunnels Twice in 12
STE 6
and shafts months
STE 7
underwater Structures months
4 times in 12
Evaluate the Operational
months or
BSE Capability of Bridges following a
practice in
Bridge Strike
STE 4
Check Bridges meet defined
No practice
BSN criteria for operation at Normal
requirement
Speed
Ensure that Earthworks remain fit 4 times in 12
EWE 1
and safe for use months
Review results of Earthworks
4 times in 12
EWE 2 examination and recommend
months
EWE 3
Earthworks months
Table 1 Frequency of practice of Competence
5.8.2 Methods to assure continued Competence
Employers shall have systems in place to assure the continued

Competence of their employees. These systems shall consist as
a minimum:
1. The use of a log book to record work experience.

2. A documented annual review by the persons’ line manager or
other responsible person to confirm that:
• The person has practised the Competence at the frequency
defined in Table 1.
• The work completed by the person meets the requirements
for examining the relevant asset(s).
• Decisions regarding the condition of the asset(s) are
accurate.
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• Actions taken are appropriate to the findings from the

examination of the asset(s).
• Reports are complete and processed in accordance with
the relevant requirements.
• There have been no incidents, safety related events,
accidents or near misses as a result of the person
completing their work.
3. Successful completion of a exercise to confirm the person has
the required knowledge to complete the work as follows:
• For STE 3 a documented test or review to confirm that the
person has the knowledge described in element 3.1 of the
Competence Standard.
• For STE 4 to 7 a documented test or review to confirm that
the person has the knowledge described in element 2 of
the relevant Competence Standard.
• For Bridge Strike Nominee completion of the Network Rail
approved PC based knowledge test to confirm that the
person has the required knowledge.
• For EWE 3 a documented test or review to confirm that the
person has the knowledge described in element 2 of the
relevant Competence Standard.
Where continued Competence cannot be confirmed through an

annual review, that Competence shall be withdrawn. The line
manager shall develop a plan to restore the person’s Competence
which may include retraining, further mentoring and re-
assessment.
6 Application
6.1 Work on or near the line
Where a person is required to work on or near the line they shall be

assessed and certificated competent in all competences relevant to the
work activity.
In addition, persons shall be able to demonstrate medical fitness and

be screened for alcohol and drugs in accordance with Network Rail
Specification NR/SP/OHS/018: Safety requirements for Track medical
& alcohol & drugs screening & certification.
6.2 Management and Examination of Structures
6.2.1 Competence Standards

Competence Standards applicable to the work activities
associated with the Management and Examination of Structures
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are defined in Appendix C. The Competence Standards are

applicable to the following job roles:
Structures Manager
STE 1 Ensure that Structures remain fit and safe for use
Examining Engineers
STE 2 Review results of Structures examination and
recommend actions where necessary
Examiners
STE 3 Visually examine Minor Structures
STE 4 Examine the condition of Structures
STE 5 Examine the condition of station Structures and Buildings
STE 6 Examine the condition of Tunnels and shafts
STE 7 Examine the condition of underwater Structures
6.3 Examination of Bridges following a Bridge Strike

associated with responding to a reported Bridge Strike are defined
in Appendix D. The Competence Standards are applicable to the
following job roles:
Bridge Strike Examiner

BSE Evaluate the Operational Capability of Bridges
following a Bridge Strike
Bridge Strike Nominee

BSN Check Bridges meet defined criteria for operation at
Normal Speed
6.4 Examination of Earthworks

associated with the examination of Earthworks are defined in
Appendix E. The Standards of Competence are applicable to the
following job roles:
Earthworks Manager
EWE 1 Ensure that Earthworks remain fit and safe for use
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EWE 2 Review results of Earthworks examination and

recommend actions where necessary
Earthworks Examiner
EWE 3 Examine the condition of Earthworks
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Appendix A Training and Assessment
1 Examination of Structures
Where a person requires training to develop their competence to examine

Minor Structures (STE 3) or examine the condition of Structures (STE 4) they
shall attend and successfully complete the Network Rail approved Structures
Examination training course.
Successful completion of training needed to permit the Candidate to

undertake the following activities under supervision/mentorship.
1. Visually examine Minor Structures
2. Examine the condition of Structures.
Following training the Candidate shall make logbook entries of all the
completed examinations. In addition, the Candidate shall retain copies of
completed work documentation from examinations.
An Assessment of Competence shall occur within 12 months of the

completion of the training.
In addition the person shall be subject to annual review in accordance with

Clause 5.8.2 of this Specification.
Where a person has been assessed as competent and continues to practice

the competence at least four times in a 12 month period, that person shall not
be required to be re-trained or re-assessed providing that they continue to
meet the annual review requirements in accordance with Clause 5.8.2 of this
Specification.
2 Examination of Bridges following a Bridge Strike
2.1 People New to Role
Where a person is required to undertake the duties of a Bridge Strike

Nominee they shall be attend and successfully complete the Network
Rail approved Bridge Strike Nominee training course.
Successful completion of the training course assessments permits the

person to undertake the activity of Checking Bridges that meet defined
criteria for operation at Normal Speed for a maximum period of 12
months from the date of the successful completion of training.
Following training the person shall make and retain log book entries
relating all Bridge Strikes they attend. These log book entries shall
describe responses, damage, criteria selected and decisions made.
2.2 Transitional Arrangements for existing BSNs
Where a person holds a current BSN they shall, prior to expiry of the
competence, either:
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a. Satisfactorily complete the Network Rail PC-based knowledge test, or

b. Attend and satisfactorily complete a Bridge Strike Nominee training
course.
Where the person successfully completes the Network Rail PC-based

knowledge test their competence shall be extended for a 12 month
period from the date of that test. Where the person is not successful in
knowledge test they shall attend the Bridge Strike Nominee training
course. These arrangements shall apply until 28th July 2007.
Where a persons competence expires after 28th July 2007 they shall
complete either ‘a’ or ‘b’ above prior to 28th July 2007.
Following training or completion of the PC-based knowledge test the

person shall make and retain log book entries for all Bridge Strikes they
attend. These log book entries shall describe responses, damage,
criteria selected and the decisions made.
2.3 Assurance of continued BSN Competence
From 3rd June 2006, anyone who satisfactorily completes a Bridge Strike
Nominee training course or the PC-based knowledge test shall have
their Competence confirmed annually by their line manager using the
PC-based knowledge test.
Where the person successfully completes the PC based knowledge test

their Competence shall be extended for a 12 month period from the date
of that test. Where the person is not successful in the knowledge test
they shall attend the Bridge Strike Nominee training course.
3 Development for other Competences
Where a person is required to develop their competence for any other

competences detailed in the Specification their line manager shall agree a
development action plan with the individual. Such a plan will involve a period
of mentored workplace experience. In addition, the person shall be subject to
annual review in accordance with Clause 5.8.2 of this Specification.
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Appendix B Assessor Guidance
1 Safety
The Assessor shall ensure that both his/her own safety and the safety of the
Candidate are maintained at all times.
2 Types and sources of evidence
2.1 Performance Evidence
Performance Evidence shows that the Candidate can complete the work
activity. This type of evidence can be provided from:
• Observation of the Candidate completing the work activity in the
workplace.
• Observation of the Candidate completing the work activity in a
simulated environment. This may include staged activities in the
working environment or simulated activities away from the
working environment.
• Review of products that have been produced from the work
activity. e.g. reports
2.2 Naturally occurring work
Naturally occurring work activities in the normal work environment

provide the best Performance Evidence.
2.3 Staged activities in the working environment
Staged activities in the working environment provide a good source of

Performance Evidence.
An example is a Candidate taken to a Bridge, Structure or Earthwork,

and the Candidate is assessed as if the damage or defect had occurred.
This generates differing amounts of evidence depending upon the
scenario given to the Candidate.
At one extreme the Candidate is asked to confine activities to decisions

about whether the damage or defect is within or exceeding pre-defined
criteria or to using visual or perhaps tactile examination methods. In this
way the Candidate could be taken to several different types of Bridge,
Structure or Earthwork with differing types and extremes of damage or
defect, providing breadth to the evidence relating to a particular aspect
of the Competence Standards.
At the other extreme a fictional scenario could be given to the Candidate

where the Candidate treats the Bridge, Structure or Earthwork as if it
had damage or defects with the Assessor engaging in some role play
whereby he/she takes on the roles of the signaller or Highway Authority.
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In this situation evidence could be generated across the whole of a

Competence Standard leaving only Scope Statements and consistency
to be covered.
2.4 Simulated activities away from the working environment
Simulated activities away from the working environment may be used to

generate valid evidence for specific aspects of the standards.
Simulation is the most likely source of evidence for work activities and
circumstances which occur infrequently in the workplace, or which if set
up in the workplace would cause a safety hazard or incur delays in
operations.
Evidence generated in this manner always requires additional supporting

evidence from the workplace as described previously. In the context of
the Competence Standards given in the following Appendixes the
following examples are applicable:
1. Presentation of a photograph or drawing of damage or defects to

a Bridge, Structure or Earthwork together with scale
representation used to check the Candidate’s ability to:
• Identify the type and structure of the asset,
• Select the appropriate criteria and limits for checking the
damage,
• Decide whether damage is within or exceeding the criteria for
authorising train movements,
• Decide whether there is any threat posed to other parties.
2. Use of skills tests to confirm a Candidate’s ability to use

measuring equipment or to identify locations and access points.
3. Role play to confirm a Candidate’s ability to select and use

appropriate communications protocols.
4. Completion of documentation.
2.5 Product Evidence
This type of Performance Evidence is the provision of pieces of work or

authenticated copies of work that the Candidate has completed. For
example, copies of the recording documents produced by the Candidate
authenticated in some way, preferably by a line manager or supervisor.
Product evidence should be used in support of other types of evidence,

rather than in isolation. Due to the nature of the activities the value of
this evidence may be greatly enhanced by the Candidate explaining
his/her activities and decisions to the Assessor throughout the activities.
In addition the Candidate’s narrative may provide some Knowledge
Evidence.
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2.6 Candidate testimonies/statements
The Candidate may submit evidence through the use of a written report.
The report is considered to be Performance Evidence if it is based on
work which occurred. Alternatively the report generates Knowledge
Evidence if it is based upon a fictional scenario given to the Candidate.
The testimony/statement should describe events and actions such as:

the circumstances; where the Bridge, Structure or Earthwork was
located; the type of asset; where on the asset the damage or defect was
located; what access equipment if any was required and why; the extent
of the damage (perhaps exemplified by drawings, sketches or
photographs); examination techniques/methods used; decisions made
and why; potential consequences of the damage; actions taken to either
authorise train movements or block the line; and with whom the
Candidate communicated and why.
These are useful supplementary evidence when seeking evidence to

demonstrate consistency, or in situations where unplanned work
activities occur which are in the context of the standards.
These may also be used as Knowledge Evidence to supplement areas

of performance, such as for contingencies or to cover different types of
asset. When judging this type of evidence the Assessor shall assure
himself that it is valid and attributable to the Candidate.
3 Evidence Transfer
Evidence opportunities should not be disregarded because they do not occur

as a result of a particular competence. For example, a Candidate who has to
“block the line” for any reason has generated evidence that can be used for all
instances where the competence is required.
Candidates who assess damage to a Bridge and determine its current

Operational Capabilities in any situation may be generating evidence towards
BSE and STE 4.
STE 3 and 4 define a similar competence at two levels, but the competence
defined by STE 4 is of a more complex nature and of a greater depth and
breadth than that of Unit 3. Evidence transfer or accreditation of prior
achievement/learning will be as follows:
• Achievement of STE 4 negates the necessity to separately demonstrate
competence in STE 3.
• Prior achievement of STE 3 will provide evidence towards the Performance
Statements and some scope and knowledge statements of Unit 4.
3.1 Historical evidence
This involves finding documentary evidence that establishes that the

Candidate has been performing to the level required by the Competence
Standards. Sources of this type of evidence may be:
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• Copies of past work records;

• Products;
• Log books; and
• Reports.
The Assessor shall ensure that the evidence presented is authentic, that
it is reliable and that the Competence is still current.
4 Provision of Evidence
4.1 Performance Evidence
Performance Evidence should be provided to meet all the scope items

and all the Performance Statements as described in each element.
However, where this is not possible, Knowledge Evidence may be used
to assess remaining Performance Statements and Scope Statements
providing the questions and responses are documented.
4.2 Knowledge Evidence
Candidate’s answers to written (short answer or multiple choice) or oral

questions are the most likely source of evidence for the knowledge and
understanding.
Questions used together with an indication of the Candidate’s answers

should be documented to be acceptable as evidence. Questions are
most useful if they are scenario setting designed to demonstrate the
Candidate’s performance. All questions must be relevant and readily
referenced to the Performance Statements and associated Knowledge
Evidence. The questions should not be leading or imply more
knowledge than is required by the applicable Competence Standards.
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Appendix C Competence Standards for Examination of Structures
Competence Standards applicable to the work activities associated with the

Examination of Structures have been developed and are in this Appendix. The
Competence Standards are applicable to the job roles as follows:
Structures Manager
STE 1 Ensure that Structures remain fit and safe for use
Examining Engineers
STE 2 Review the results of Structures examination and recommend actions
where necessary
Examiners
STE 4 Examine the condition of Structures
STE 5 Examine the condition of station Structures and Buildings
STE 6 Examine the condition of Tunnels and shafts
STE 7 Examine the condition of underwater Structures
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STE 1 - Ensure that Structures remain fit and safe for use
Scope
This Unit specifies the requirements against which evidence is assessed in order to
determine an individual’s competence to initiate the actions necessary to ensure that
existing Structures are fit for purpose and are safe for continued operational use.
The Candidate is expected to evaluate the actions recommended as part of

examination reports, but to also take account of current and projected business,
contractual and operational changes and influences to prioritise and plan actions.
The responsibility for decision making lies wholly with the Candidate, though he/she
may be expected to refer to others for specific technical expertise.
This unit contains three elements:
1.1 Evaluate factors which affect fitness for purpose or operational safety.
1.2 Define the actions necessary to ensure continued fitness for purpose
and operational safety.
1.3 Record and process actions.
Assessment Strategy
Where the person has been previously trained and has been satisfactory completing
the work for more than 1 year the evidence requirements detailed in each element
do not apply. The person shall be assessed using performance reports completed
by their line manager or other competent person. Network Rail shall make standard
performance reports available for this purpose that confirm satisfactory and safe
performance across the range of work detailed in this Competence Standard. In
addition the person’s knowledge shall be confirmed, as detailed in this Competence
Standard.
• If the person is competent the Assessor (which maybe the line manager) shall
arrange for a certificate of competence to be issued. If the person is competent
they shall have their competence reviewed annually in accordance with 5.8.2.
• If the person is not yet competent the line manager shall be produce suitable
development/mentoring plan.
Where the person is new to the role they shall be mentored by a competent person
and shall provide evidence as detailed in each element.
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STE 1 Ensure Structures remain fit and safe for use

Element 1.1: Evaluate factors which affect fitness for purpose or operational safety.
Performance statements Knowledge statements
a. Information obtained is sufficient to identify You must have knowledge and understanding of:
the current and future/planned performance 1. Where to source information relating to
requirements of the Structure. current performance/specifications for the
b. Information sources are evaluated for their Structure;
suitability and used to determine current and 2. Where to source information relating to
projected operational purpose. planned changes to use, legal, health and
c. The current condition of the Structure is safety issues and performance requirements
confirmed using all relevant data. of the Structure;
d. Variations between actual structural integrity 3. Where specialist technical advice and
and known requirements are accurately information may be obtained and under what
established. circumstances;
e. The reasons and causes of the variations are 4. Typical instances of change in use of a
clearly and accurately specified. Structure and change in the situations
f. Evaluation of all information clearly identifies surrounding the use of Structures, and how
whether the existing Structure is fit for they affect the fitness for purpose and safety;
purpose and safe for continued use. 5. What specific types and formats of
g. Where insufficient information is available information are provided as part of the
further information is sought according to the examination report and how they relate to the
nature of the clarification required. actual condition;
h. Communication is clear, unambiguous and in 6. What standard indicators of condition signify
accordance with relevant current instructions. (SCMI or others) and what other guidelines
are available to provide consistency of
Scope Statements reported information;
1. Initiating circumstances are: 7. Why it important to check current against
• New examination report relating to the previous reports and what level of change
Structure would be taken as significant;
• Planned changes in operational use
8. Where and from whom initial and additional
• Notification of problems in other similar information relating to the causes of
Structures variations can be obtained;
2. Variations are due to: 9. How further monitoring of condition may
• Gradually deteriorating condition provide further information needed for
• Unforeseen degradation in condition evaluation and in what situations it should be
• Changes in operational use (including initiated;
loading changes)
• Changes to the situations surrounding the Evidence Requirements
use of the Structure Performance evidence must be provided from at
• Changes to legislation or contractual least three different evaluations.
requirements The performance evidence taken as a whole
3. Information sources: must prove that the Candidate can consistently
• Current examination report meet all Performance Statements when varied by
• Previous examination reports the Scope Statements 1, 2 and 4.
• Change of use information
• Legal, health and safety, and other
regulatory requirements
• Existing assessments
4. Structures are:
• Those types for which the Candidate is
given responsibility
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Element 1.2: Define actions necessary to ensure continued fitness for purpose and
operational safety
a. The significance and implications of the You must have knowledge and understanding of:
identified variation in condition and 1. What the structural behaviour is for the different
performance is accurately determined. types of Structure for which Candidate is
b. Actions recommended in the examination responsible, and the significance of the material
report are evaluated for suitability in light type on this;
of other influencing factors. 2. What factors to take into account when assessing
c. The actions selected are capable of the significance of actual defects, projected
realising the fitness for purpose and deterioration, change in circumstances and
operational/public safety of the Structure. situation of use on the fitness for purpose and
d. Actions are capable of being operational and public safety;
implemented within the constraints and 3. Which reference documentation and sources of
requirements of Network Rail and other information can be used to assist and guide the
third parties. decision making process;
e. The strengths and weaknesses of 4. Typical instances of change in use of a Structure
possible actions are identified and used and change in the situations surrounding the use
as part of the decision making process. of Structures, and how they affect the fitness for
f. Consideration is given to the implications purpose and safety;
of legal, health and safety and other 5. How to identify any contractual and legal
regulatory requirements. requirements to maintain either by Network Rail
g. Priorities set for the remedial actions are or third parties and how this will effect the
consistent with current and future decision making process;
business and industry requirements. 6. What types of remedial action can be undertaken
Scope Statements to deal with defects, failures, change in use, and
change in circumstances surrounding the use of
1. Variations relate to: the Structures where the variations are actual and
• Current condition of the Structure predicted;
outside required performance
7. What types of further investigation, special
specification
examination or monitoring regimes are available
• Changes to operational use
to give further information or provide continuing
requirements
assurance of fitness for purpose and safety;
• Projected rate of deterioration
• Changes in the situations surrounding 8. What types of legislation, health and safety or
the use of the Structure other regulatory requirements might vary and/or
affect the performance parameters of the
2. Third parties include: Structure;
• Highways authorities
9. Why it is important to identify and take account of
• Waterways authorities
other planned work, and where to find relevant
• Private land owners
information;
• Statutory undertakers
• Other rail operators 10. What the company procedures and guidelines are
on methods of prioritisation of work.
3. Constraints are:
• Network Rail obligations to third Evidence Requirements
parties Performance evidence must be provided from at least
• Third parties obligations to Network three different situations.
Rail The performance evidence taken as a whole must
• Work already planned prove that the Candidate can consistently meet all
4. Identified implications relate to: Performance Statements when varied by the Scope
• Safety of the operational railway Statements 1 and 4.
• Safety of the public Note Statutory undertakers includes;
• Contractual/legal obligations Telecommunication companies Utility
companies, the Environment Agency
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Element 1.3: Record and process actions
a. Specific tasks are clearly identified and are You must have knowledge and understanding of:
achievable. 1. What tasks and methods are required to
b. Methods comply with legal, health and safety, achieve each of the types of actions in
and other regulatory requirements. Scope Statement 1;
c. The parties implicated by the necessary 2. What legal, health and safety and other
actions are all identified. regulatory requirements apply when
d. Timescales and frequencies are realistic and specifying methods to be used to achieve
achievable, and take account of constraints. actions;
e. Items for action are presented precisely, 3. How and where the recommended actions
clearly and in a manner which supports their should be recorded;
implementation. 4. Which other third parties might be
f. Relevant people are informed of the planned implicated by the different types of action
actions necessary to ensure continued and what the reporting and recording
fitness for purpose and operational safety of requirements are;
the Structure. 5. What the recording and processing
g. Operational and procedural changes requirements are for those actions internal
specified are accurately recorded and to the organisation, for examination
promptly relayed according to defined contractors;
procedures. 6. What additional documentation is required
h. Records completed are legible, unambiguous where actions are as recommended in the
and as required for the type of actions and examination report , modified from the
parties implicated. original recommended actions and are
generated due to external influences;
i. Implications of changes are given widest
possible publicity, commensurate with 7. To whom and how the report should be
security and company confidentiality submitted;
Scope Statements 8. Circumstances and situations arising which
might necessitate publicity, and the
1. Actions relate to: procedures and constraints surrounding this.
• Increased examination frequency
• Logging of future repair requirements Evidence Requirements
• No actions Performance evidence must be provided from
• Further or special examination at least three different situations.
• Repair/remedial work The performance evidence taken as a whole
• Assessment of load capacity must prove that the Candidate can consistently
2. Immediate actions are: meet the Performance Statements when varied
• As recommended in the examination by the Scope Statements:
report • Implicated parties are: internal to the
• Modified from original recommended organisation, examination contractors;
actions • Actions relate to: increased examination
• Generated due to external influences frequency, repair/remedial work,
3. Implicated parties are: assessment of load capacity; and where
• Those internal to the organisation • Actions are: as recommended in the
• Examination contractors examination report, modified from the
• Other third parties original recommended actions.
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STE 2 - Review results of Structures examination and recommend

Scope
determine an individual’s competence to review the examination report findings and
make recommendations for actions to deal with problems which affect fitness for
purpose and/or safety; using company and technical documentation for reference.
The Candidate is expected to be able make decisions relating to the actual condition
of the Structure and its use, and predict the extent and rate of deterioration in its
subsequent fitness for purpose and/or operational and public safety. The Candidate
is also expected to be able to recommend actions together with priorities and cost
estimations for dealing with identified problems. The Candidate is responsible for
the integrity of all of the recommendations which he/she makes. However, ultimate
responsibility for the implementation of the recommended actions does not lie with
the Candidate, except when urgent notification of actions required and instigation of
emergency arrangements is necessary in order to maintain safety.
This unit contains two elements:
2.1 Review the examination findings to identify aspects that will or may
affect fitness for purpose or operational safety.
2.2 Recommend actions to deal with identified problems that will or may
affect fitness for purpose or operational safety
Assessment Strategy
Where the person has been previously trained and has been satisfactory completing the
work for more than 1 year the evidence requirements detailed in each element do not
apply. The person shall be assessed using performance reports completed by their line
manager or other competent person. Network Rail shall make standard performance
reports available for this purpose that confirm satisfactory and safe performance across
the range of work detailed in this Competence Standard. In addition the person’s
knowledge shall be confirmed, as detailed in this Competence Standard.
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Assessor Guidance
A Candidate can be assessed as competent in one or more material types. The

Authority to Work shall be suitably endorsed to show which material type(s) apply to
the Candidate as below:
Review examination results and recommend actions where necessary including;

Masonry Structures and/or Metal Structures and/or Concrete Structures and/or
Timber Structures.
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STE 2 Review results of Structures examination and recommend actions where necessary
Element 2.1: Review the examination findings to identify aspects that will or may affect the
fitness for purpose or operational safety.
a. Information is checked to ensure its integrity and You must have knowledge and understanding
that it provides a valid and complete picture. of:
b. The review methodology used is capable of fully 1. What specific types and formats of
addressing the complexities of the Structure and information are provided as part of the
is in context with the information and the examination report and how they
Structure being reviewed. describe the actual condition;
c. Review of condition takes account of all relevant 2. What other information may be required
information sources including any potential to review the report and where these are
influences from prevailing conditions. located;
d. Supplementary site visits or additional advice are 3. How to verify the integrity and
obtained where further clarification is necessary. completeness of the examination
e. Judgement is based on valid reasoning. information and why it is important to do
f. Review of the condition and situation provides so;
clear and accurate details of degradation in the 4. What action and arrangements can be
fitness for purpose and operational safety of the made where insufficient information is
Structure. available to complete the report;
g. The most likely causes of the defects, 5. What review methods can be used for
degradation or changes in situations are clearly specific types of data and information
and accurately identified. relating to the condition and performance
h. Where insufficient information is available to of the Structure;
complete the review arrangements are made to 6. What specific factors must be taken into
gather further information or to submit the report account when judging the condition and
in an incomplete form. performance of the Structure;
i. Communication is clear, unambiguous and in 7. What constitutes acceptable/normal
accordance with relevant current instructions. condition for the different types of
Structures and where information relating
Scope Statements
to this can be found;
1. Information sources: 8. Why it important to check current against
• Current examination report previous reports and what level of
• Previous examination reports change would be taken as significant;
• Photographs and sketches 9. Typical implications which may arise from
• Change of use information the situation and condition examination
2. Review methods relate to and review;
• Identification of current condition and 10. How to record the review findings;
operational performance 11. The circumstances and reasons when an
• Looking for changes in condition and incomplete report form may be submitted
operational performance and the procedures for arranging this.
• Predicting or projecting rate of deterioration
Evidence Requirements
3. Structures include: Performance evidence must be provided from
• Bridges and viaducts at least three separate reviews.
• Retaining walls The performance evidence taken as a whole
• Tunnels must prove that the Candidate can
• Buildings consistently meet all Performance
• Platform and other station Structures Statements when varied by Scope
• Train shed roofs Statements 2 and 3.
4. Prevailing conditions: Where the Candidate is not expected to deal
• Recent weather conditions with all of the Structures in Scope Statements
• Weather conditions at the time of the 3 the assessment should focus on and
examination encompass all those that he/she is normally
responsible for.
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STE 2 Review results of Structures examination and recommend actions where necessary
Element 2.2: Recommend actions to deal with identified problems that will or may affect
a. The significance of the problem in the type You must have knowledge and understanding of:
of Structure on the safety of the public and 1. The structural behaviour of the different types
on rail traffic is accurately determined. of Structure, and the significance of the material
b. The remedial action necessary to restore type on this;
or maintain the fitness for purpose and 2. What factors to take into account when
operational/public safety of the Structure is assessing the significance of actual defects,
clearly described in the applicable place on projected deterioration, change in
the report. circumstances and situation of use on the
c. Priorities for the remedial actions are fitness for purpose and operational and public
correctly annotated and clearly specified in safety;
accordance with company procedures and 3. Which reference documentation can be used to
requirements. assist and guide the decision making process;
d. Cost estimations are rational for the type 4. What types of remedial action can be
and scale of the recommended actions and recommended on the report to deal with
are produced following company guidelines defects, failures, change in use, and change in
and procedures. circumstances surrounding the use of the
e. Recommendations are presented clearly Structures;
and in a manner which supports further 5. Typical instances of change in use of a
decision making. Structure and change in the situations
f. The report is complete, legible and surrounding the use of Structures, and how
submitted for further decision making within they affect the fitness for purpose and safety;
the defined contractual timescale 6. What the company procedures and guidelines
requirements. are on methods of prioritisation of work;
Scope Statements 7. How to estimate costs, and what guidelines and
formulae are provided by the company for
1. The type of Structures are; doing this;
• Tunnels
8. What additional records are required should it
• Underbridges be necessary to recommend urgent action;
• Overbridges
9. What the contractual timescale requirements
• Retaining walls
are for the submission of the report;
• Buildings
• Train shed roofs 10. To whom and how the report should be
submitted.
2. Problems relate to;
• Defects or failure
• Changes to operational use parameters Performance evidence must be provided from at
• Projected rate of deterioration least three separate reviews.
• Changes in the situations surrounding The performance evidence taken as a whole must
the use of the Structure prove that the Candidate can consistently meet all
performance when varied by both Scope
Statements:
Where the Candidate is not expected to deal with
all of the Structures in the Scope Statement 1, the
assessment should focus on and encompass all
those that he/she is normally responsible for.
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STE 3 - Visually examine Minor Structures

Scope
determine an individual’s competence to visually examine Minor Structures. The
standards expect the Candidate to be able to observe the current condition and
situation, using company and technical documentation for reference. The Candidate
is expected to provide a report detailing readily identifiable new defects and
situations and changes/deterioration in known defects and situations. The
Candidate takes responsibility for the level of detail reported and for the recognition
of and dealing with serious defects which pose an immediate threat to the safety of
the public or rail traffic, but is expected to refer to others for additional guidance
when necessary. However, the responsibility for undertaking further detailed
examinations and for the review of the reported results and recommendation of
necessary actions does not rest with the Candidate.
3.1 Examine the condition of Minor Structures
3.2 Deal with identified defects in Structures (within the limits of own
authority)
Assessment Strategy
Standard.
Minor Structures
Minor Structures include: those Structures supporting signalling assets,

telecommunication assets, electrification assets, lighting assets. The term includes
straight signal posts, electrification masts, equipment platforms and minor retaining
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walls such as those surrounding or supporting signal location cabinets. The term
does not include signal gantries and cantilevers.
Defects
The type of defects which the Candidate is expected to be able to visually identify
signs of loose, displaced or fallen material; significant vandalism or accidental
damage; signs of subsidence or ground movement; flooding; signs of misuse or
significant changes in the nature or extent of use. Examples expected are:
• In brickwork/masonry - fracture, spalling, open joints, perished mortar, bulging/out

of plumb/distortion, loose brickwork/joints and water penetration;
• In metal work: corrosion, deflection, fractures, tears, laminations, loss of section,

buckling, cracked welds, loose bolts and breakdown of protective treatment;
• In timber: rot, deflection, loss of section, shakes, fixings, crushing and breakdown
of protective treatment; and
• In concrete: cracking, spalling, deflection, water penetration and corrosion of

reinforcement.
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Element 3.1: Examine the condition of Minor Structures
a. Visual observation is systematic and in You must have knowledge and understanding of:
sufficient detail to observe readily identifiable 1. How to approach and undertake the visual
defects in Structures in that location. examination in a systematic manner to
b. Appraisal of the condition of Structures takes ensure that all aspects of the Structures are
account of the type and location of Structure, examined;
associated infrastructure and influencing 2. What are the types of information about
factors. changes to condition and situations which will
c. Advice is sought from a suitable person or be provided through visual inspection;
reference documents where guidance is 3. What type of defects and variations may
required. become apparent through visual inspection
d. Defects and changes in condition or of the different types of Structure and which
situations are properly recorded. documentation contains guidelines relating to
e. Examination results are recorded accurately them;
and legibly and in accordance with company 4. What the significance of the material type is
procedures. on the examination and appraisal of
Scope Statements condition;
1. Types of Structures are: 5. What the significance of the prevailing
conditions is upon the examination;
• Posts/gantries/towers/masts supporting
equipment 6. What significance of the location and
• Minor retaining walls associated infrastructure of the Structure has
• Equipment platforms when identifying defects and changes;
2. Materials are: 7. How and when to use photographs,
• Masonry sketches, and text for recording condition;
• Metal 8. Where to seek advice in the event of doubts
• Concrete relating to the examination being undertaken
• Timber 9. What action to take when there are potential
3. Influencing factors defects and situations which fall outside the
• Prevailing weather conditions limits of own authority which affect other
• Presence of overhead line aspects of Structures or other infrastructure;
• Type of material 10. How the examinations results should be
recorded and reported.
4. Recording methods are:
• Text Evidence Requirements
• Photographs Performance evidence must be provided from at
• Sketches least three separate visual examinations of
5. Appraisal methods are: differing types of Structure.
• Comparison with defined guidelines The Candidate shall be directly observed in the
• Comparison with last reported condition workplace examining a metal Structure and either
a concrete or masonry Structure.
The performance evidence taken as a whole
must prove that the Candidate can consistently
meet all Performance Statements (except c)
which may be assessed through knowledge),
when varied by the Scope Statements 1, 2, 3 and
5.
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Element 3.2: Deal with identified defects in Structures (within the limits of own authority)
a. Defects and situations which have imminent You must have knowledge and understanding of:
safety implications are recognised 1. What types of defects and situations
immediately and without omission. associated with Minor Structures might
b. Courses of action identified are pertinent and have an immediate safety implication;
are in accordance with company policy and 2. What information and influencing factors
contracts. would be taken into account when deciding
c. Liaison with others is polite, to the point, whether rail traffic, members of the public
timely and follows any defined protocol or both may be affected by the defect or
requirements. situation;
d. Courses of action undertaken are effective, 3. What the current procedures are for
within the limits of own authority, comply with blocking the line when it becomes unsafe,
current instructions and are completed and where they can be found;
within required timescale. 4. What action to take where the need for
e. Advice is sought from a suitable person or further examination is perceived;
reference documents where doubt arises. 5. What steps can be taken within the limits of
own authority to restrict access where
f. Inability to undertake the required action is
members of the public are involved;
dealt with in accordance with company
instructions and procedures. 6. What the reporting and recording
procedures are for emergency situations
j. Reporting and documentation is completed affecting rail traffic and members of the
accurately on relevant documents and in public;
accordance with current instructions.
7. What the relevant actions are when
Scope Statements associated infrastructure is effected;
1. Structures affected are: 8. Who should be informed when it is
• Posts/gantries/towers/masts supporting necessary to block the line or restrict
equipment access;
• Minor retaining walls 9. What documents are required for reporting/
• Equipment platforms recording once the course of action has
been undertaken.
2. Defects and situations:
• May pose an imminent safety hazard to Evidence Requirements
members of the public Performance evidence must be provided from at
• May pose an imminent safety hazard to least three separate occasions.
rail traffic The Candidate shall be directly observed in the
• Require a closer examination workplace or during simulated activities on at
3. Liaison is with: least one occasion.
• Members of the public The performance evidence taken as a whole
• Other rail maintenance personnel must prove that the Candidate can consistently
• Operational staff meet Performance Statements a) and b) when
• Own supervisors/managers varied by the scope statement.
4. Courses of action are: • Structures are: posts/towers/masts
supporting equipment; minor retaining walls;
• Block the line
equipment platforms.
• Restrict access
• Report and seek further guidance The performance evidence as a whole should
prove that the Candidate can meet Performance
Statements b), c), d) and g) where the courses of
action are: block the line and restrict access.
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Ref: NR/SP/CTM/017
Issue: 01
Date: June 2006
STE 4 - Examine the Condition of Structures

Scope
Structures means all Structures excluding Buildings, tunnels and shafts and
underwater Structures, which are dealt with in units 5, 6 and 7 respectively.
determine an individual’s competence to examine Structures under a variety of
different conditions. The Candidate is expected to be able to gather detailed
information which relates to the current condition and situation, using company and
technical documentation for reference. The Candidate is expected to provide a
detailed report identifying new defects and situations and changes/deterioration in
known defects and situations, through comparison of findings with previous reported
condition or a standard indicator. The Candidate takes responsibility for the level of
detail reported and for the recognition of and dealing with serious defects which pose
an immediate threat to the safety of the public or rail traffic. However, the
responsibility for the review of the reported results and recommendation of
The Candidate is expected to be able to report on the condition using Visual

examinations; Detailed examinations; Special examinations or monitoring.
4.1 Prepare for the examination activities
4.2 Provide detailed information about the condition of Structures

(excluding tunnels and shafts, station Buildings and underwater
Structures)
4.3 Deal with defects which pose an immediate threat to the safety of the
operational railway or to members of the public
Assessment Strategy
Standard.
Page 34 of 80
Ref: NR/SP/CTM/017
Issue: 01
Date: June 2006
Defects
The type of defects which the Candidate is expected to be able to identify signs of
and appraise the condition of are:
• In brickwork/stonework/masonry - fracture, spalling, open joints, perished mortar,

bulging/out of plumb/distortion, loose brickwork/joints and water penetration;

buckling, cracked welds and deterioration of protective treatment;
• In timber: rot, deflection, loss of section, shakes, fixings, crushing and

deterioration of surface treatment; and
• In concrete: cracking, spalling, deflection and corrosion of reinforcement.
Assessor Guidance

Examine the Condition of Structures including:
• Masonry Structures and/or
• Metal Structures and/or
• Concrete Structures and/or
• Timber Structures
Page 35 of 80
Ref: NR/SP/CTM/017
Issue: 01
Date: June 2006
STE 4 Examine the Condition of Structures

Element 4.1: Prepare for the examination activity
a. Examination requirements are determined You must have knowledge and understanding of:
accurately, prior to commencement of 1. Where to locate and access information relating
work. to the examination requirements;
b. Work sites are accessed safely, within any 2. How to interpret any information used to identify
agreed timescales and in accordance with work locations and safe access points;
site access procedures.
3. What the site access procedures are when
c. Tools and equipment required are accessing sites in each of the locations;
available, serviceable and fit for purpose.
4. What type of access equipment is required for
d. Technical instructions, drawings and each of the locations;
company standards that are required for
5. How to confirm that access equipment is fit for
the work are accessible.
use;
e. Reports and recording documentation
6. What additional preparation is required when
obtained are sufficient to carry out the
examinations are in darkness and where
examination and comply with company
examinations are on Structures affected by
requirements.
tides;
f. Sufficient information is obtained to confirm
7. What type of examination tools and monitoring
that the weather conditions are suitable,
equipment are required and how to recognise
the site is ready for the examination and
that they are fit for purpose;
that a safe system of work has been
established. 8. What type of information and factors to check
to confirm that the site is ready for examination;
g. Where documentation, equipment,
materials or tools are not available the 9. How the weather and seasonal conditions can
deficiency is dealt with in accordance with effect the examination and the preparation
company procedures. required prior to examination;
h. Communication with colleagues, superiors 10. Which reports and documentation relating to
and staff in other departments is clear, the Structure must be obtained;
unambiguous and in accordance with 11. How to confirm that a safe system of work is in
relevant current instructions. effect and what action to take where it is not;
Scope Statements 12. What the procedures are for dealing with a lack
1. Work locations are: of documentation, equipment, materials or
• Confined spaces tools.
• Over water Evidence Requirements
• Public highways Performance evidence must be provided from at
• At heights least three separate occasions.
• On or near the line The Candidate shall be directly observed in the
• Tenanted arches workplace on at least one occasion.
2. Conditions are: The performance evidence taken as a whole must
• Daylight prove that the Candidate can consistently meet
• Darkness Performance Statements a), b), c) e) and f) when
• Tidal varied by the Scope Statements:
• Seasonal weather • Work locations: confined spaces, over water,
• Artificial light public highways, at heights, on or near the
3. Traction is: line, tenanted arches
• Overhead line • Conditions are: daylight, darkness
• Conductor rail
Assessors should note that this element deals
• Non electrified exclusively with the planning and preparation for
4. Tools and equipment is: work, and does not encroach upon the Candidate’s
• Hand tools ability to use any of the equipment mentioned.
• Access equipment
• Safety gear
• Monitoring equipment
Page 36 of 80
Ref: NR/SP/CTM/017
Issue: 01
Date: June 2006

Element 4.2: Provide detailed information about the condition of Structures
a. Access equipment is used in accordance You must have knowledge and understanding of:
with defined procedures and in a safe 1. How to approach and undertake the
manner. examination in a systematic manner, and
b. Examination of the condition of the Structure how the approach would vary where there
is conducted in a manner which is are access constraints;
systematic, logical for the type of Structure 2. What types of Structure (excluding tunnels,
and applicable access restraints; and which Buildings and underwater Structures) exist,
ensures no aspects cited in the report and what typical constructions methods and
proforma are omitted. materials are used;
c. Monitoring equipment is used accurately and 3. What types of information about changes to
correctly. condition and situations will be provided
d. The investigation of defects and deterioration through the use of visual, tactile and
is in sufficient detail to identify all aspects of measurement of Structures whose
the severity and extent of any changed materials are masonry, concrete, metal and
condition or situation. timber;
e. Appraisal of the condition is made using the 4. What type of defects and variations may
approved methods and takes account of become apparent during examinations, and
material type and prevailing conditions. which documentation contains guidelines
f. Identified changes in condition or situation relating to them;
and any aspects not examined are recorded 5. How and where to use monitoring
accurately and legibly using suitable equipment;
methods. 6. What significance the material type has on
g. Advice is sought from a suitable person or the appraisal of condition;
reference documents where additional 7. What significance prevailing conditions
guidance is required. have upon the examination and appraisal of
h. Potential defects and situations which fall results;
outside the limits of own authority are noticed 8. The significance of identifying defects and
and dealt with in accordance with company changes in marked and miscellaneous
procedures. (unmarked) elements;
i. Examination results are recorded and 9. How to appraise the condition using scoring
processed accurately and in accordance with against a standard indicator (SCMI);
company procedures. 10. How and when to use photographs,
Scope Statements sketches, text and scoring for recording
1. Structures are: condition and parts not examined;
• Bridges and viaducts, 11. Where to seek advice in the event of
• Retaining walls doubts relating to the examination in
• Culverts, progress;
• Gantries 12. What action to take for potential defects
• Minor Structures and situations which fall outside the limits of
2. Materials are: own authority which affect other structural
aspects or infrastructure;
• Masonry, metal, concrete, timber
13. How the results should be recorded and
3. Prevailing conditions:
reported
• Recent weather conditions
• Weather conditions at the time of the
Performance evidence must be provided from at
examination
least three separate detailed examinations of
differing types of Structure. Workplace
• Text, photographs, sketches
observation shall cover the Candidate examining
• Scoring (alpha/numeric) a metal Structure and either a concrete or
5. Examination methods are: masonry Structure.
• Visual, tactile, taking measurement and The performance evidence taken as a whole
readings must prove that the Candidate can consistently
6. Review methods are: meet all Performance Statements (except g) and
• Comparison against a standard indicator h) which may be assessed through knowledge),
• Comparison with defined guidelines when varied by the Scope Statements 1, 2, 4 and
• Comparison with last reported condition 6.
Page 37 of 80
Ref: NR/SP/CTM/017
Issue: 01
Date: June 2006

Element 4.3: Deal with defects which pose an immediate threat to the safety of the operational
railway or to members of the public
immediately and without omission. associated with Bridges, and retaining
b. Assessment of the implications of the defect walls might have an immediate safety
or situation on safety takes account of all implication;
available information, the effect on traffic and 2. What and how other Structures might show
members of the public and other affected signs of defects which have immediate
infrastructure. safety implications;
c. Courses of action identified are pertinent and 3. What information and influencing factors
are in accordance with company policy and would be taken into account when deciding
contracts. whether rail traffic, members of the public
d. Liaison with others is polite, to the point, or both may be affected by the defect or
timely and follows any defined protocol situation;
requirements. 4. What the current procedures are for
e. Courses of action undertaken are effective, blocking the line when it becomes unsafe,
within the limits of own authority, comply with and where they can be found;
current instructions and are completed within 5. What steps can be taken within the limits of
required timescale. own authority to restrict access where
f. Advice is sought from a suitable person or members of the public are involved;
reference documents where doubt arises. 6. What the reporting and recording
procedures are for emergency situations
g. Inability to undertake the required action is
affecting rail traffic and members of the
public;
instructions and procedures.
h. Reporting and documentation is completed, associated infrastructure is effected;
accurately, on relevant documents and in
accordance with current instructions. 8. Who should be informed when it is
necessary to close public highways;
Scope Statements 9. What documents are required for reporting/
1. Structural defects will affect: recording once the course of action has
• Members of the public been undertaken.
• Rail traffic Evidence Requirements
• Highways authority Performance evidence must be provided from at
• Waterways authority least three separate occasions.
2. Courses of action are: The Candidate shall be directly observed in the
• Block the line workplace or during simulated activities on at
• Restrict access least one occasion.
3. Liaison is with: The performance evidence taken as a whole
• Members of the public must prove that the Candidate can consistently
• Other rail maintenance personnel meet Performance Statements a) and b) when
varied by the Scope statement:
• Operational staff
• Own supervisors/managers • Structural defects affect: members of the
public, rail traffic, highways authority.
The performance evidence as a whole should
Statements c), d), e) and h) where the courses of
action are: block the line and restrict entry.
Page 38 of 80
Ref: NR/SP/CTM/017
Issue: 01
Date: June 2006
STE 5 - Examine the Condition of Station Structures and Buildings

Scope
determine an individual’s competence to examine station Structures and Buildings
under a variety of different conditions. The Candidate is expected to be able to
gather detailed information about the station Structures and Buildings, which relates
to the current condition and situation, using company and technical documentation
for reference. The Candidate is expected to provide a detailed report identifying new
defects and situations and changes/deterioration in known defects and situations,
through comparison of findings with previous reported condition or a standard
indicator. The Candidate takes responsibility for the level of detail reported and for
the recognition of and dealing with serious defects which pose an immediate threat
to the safety of the public or rail traffic. However, the responsibility for the review of
the reported results and recommendation of necessary actions does not rest with the
Candidate.
The Candidate is expected to be able to report the condition using Visual

examinations; Detailed examinations; and Special examinations or monitoring.
5.2 Provide detailed information about the condition of station Structures

and Buildings
operational railway or members of the public
Assessment Strategy
Standard.
Page 39 of 80
Ref: NR/SP/CTM/017
Issue: 01
Date: June 2006
Defects
The type of defects which the Candidate is expected to be able to identify and
appraise are:
• In brickwork/stonework/masonry - fracture, spalling, open joints, perished mortar,

bulging/out of plumb/distortion, loose brickwork/joints and water penetration;

buckling, cracked welds and breakdown of protective treatment;
• In timber: rot, deflection, loss of section, shakes, fixings, crushing and breakdown
of protective treatment; and
• In concrete: cracking, spalling, deflection, water penetration and corrosion of

reinforcement;
• Dry rot, cladding elements and fixings, weather tightness, plus comment on
gutters, downpipes, drains etc.

Examine the Condition of Station Structures and Buildings including:
• Masonry Structures and/or
• Metal Structures and/or
• Concrete Structures and/or
• Timber Structures
Page 40 of 80
Ref: NR/SP/CTM/017
Issue: 01
Date: June 2006
STE 5 Examine the Condition of Station Structures and Buildings

Element 5.1: Prepare for the examination activities.
accurately, prior to commencement of work. 1. Where to locate and access information
b. Work sites are accessed safely, within any relating to the examination requirements;
agreed timescales and in accordance with 2. How to interpret any information used to
site access procedures. identify work locations and safe access
c. Tools and equipment required are points;
available, serviceable and fit for purpose. 3. What the site access procedures are when
d. Drawings, technical instructions, and accessing sites in each of the locations;
company standards that are required for the 4. What type of access equipment is required
work are accessible. when working at heights;
e. Reports and recording documentation 5. How to confirm that access equipment is fit
obtained are sufficient to carry out the for use;
examination and comply with company 6. What additional preparation is required when
requirements. examinations are in darkness;
f. Sufficient information is obtained to confirm 7. What precautions and special preparation is
that the weather conditions are suitable, the required when examinations require access
site is ready for the examination and that a to or are in food preparation areas, areas of
safe system of work has been established. high security and areas with passengers;
g. Where documentation, equipment, 8. What type of examination tools and
materials or tools are not available the monitoring equipment are required and how
deficiency is dealt with in accordance with to recognise that they are fit for purpose;
company procedures. 9. What type of information and factors to check
h. Communication with members of the to confirm that the site is ready for
public, colleagues, superiors and staff in examination;
other departments is polite, clear, 10. How the weather and seasonal conditions can
unambiguous and in accordance with effect the examination and the preparation
relevant current instructions. required prior to examination;
Scope Statements 11. Which reports and documentation relating to
1. Work locations are: the Structure must be obtained;
• Confined spaces 12. How to confirm that a safe system of work is in
• Areas with passengers effect and what action to take where it is not;
• Food preparation areas 13. What the procedures are for dealing with a lack
• Areas of high security of documentation, equipment, materials or
• At heights tools.
• On or near the line Evidence Requirements
• Tenanted areas Performance evidence must be provided from at
2. Conditions are: least three separate occasions.
The Candidate shall be directly observed in the
• Daylight
workplace on at least one occasion.
• Darkness
The performance evidence taken as a whole must
• Seasonal weather prove that the Candidate can consistently meet
• Artificial light Performance Statements a), b), c) e) and f) when
3. Traction is: varied by the Scope Statements:
• Overhead line • Work locations: confined spaces, in passenger
• Conductor rail areas, at heights, on or near the line; in areas
• Non electrified of high security; tenanted areas
4. Tools and equipment are: • Conditions are: daylight, darkness, artificial
• Hand tools light.
• Access equipment Assessors should note that this element deals
• Safety gear exclusively with the planning and preparation for
• Monitoring equipment work, and does not encroach upon the Candidate’s
ability to use any of the equipment mentioned.
Page 41 of 80
Ref: NR/SP/CTM/017
Issue: 01
Date: June 2006

Element 5.2: Provide detailed information about the condition of the station Structures and
Buildings
a. Access equipment is used in accordance with You must have knowledge and understanding of:
defined procedures and in a safe manner. 1. How to approach and undertake the
b. Examination of the condition of the Structure is examination in a systematic manner for the
conducted in a manner which is systematic, different types of Structure, and how the
logical for the type of Structure and applicable approach would vary where access
access restraints; and which ensures no constraints apply;
aspects cited in the report proforma are 2. The typical types of construction methods
omitted. used for different types of Buildings and
c. Monitoring equipment is used accurately and station Structures;
correctly. 3. What types of information about changes to
d. The investigation of defects and deterioration is condition and situations will be provided
in sufficient detail to identify all aspects of the through the use of visual, tactile and
severity and extent of any changed condition or measurement methods for Structures whose
situation. materials are as in scope statement 2);
e. Appraisal of the condition is made using the 4. What type of defects and variations may
approved methods and takes account of become apparent during examinations, and
material type and prevailing conditions. which documentation contains guidelines
f. Identified changes in condition or situation and relating to them;
any aspects not examined are recorded 5. How and where to use monitoring equipment;
accurately and legibly using suitable methods. 6. What significance the material type has on the
g. Advice is sought from a suitable person or appraisal of condition;
reference documents where additional 7. What significance prevailing conditions have
guidance is required. upon the examination and appraisal of results;
h. Potential defects and situations which fall 8. The significance of identifying defects and
outside the limits of own authority are noticed changes in the structural elements of station
and dealt with in accordance with company Structures and Buildings;
procedures. 9. How to appraise the condition of the Structure
i. Examination results are recorded accurately using scoring against a standard indicator;
and in accordance with company procedures. 10. How and when to use photographs, sketches,
Scope Statements text and scoring for recording condition and
1. Structures are: parts not examined;
• Platforms, roof Structure, 11. Where to seek advice in the event of doubts
• Load bearing structural elements relating to the examination;
• Retaining walls, visible foundations 12. What action to take when there are potential
• Canopies, awnings and columns defects and situations which fall outside the
• Train shed roof and columns limits of own authority which affect other
2. Materials are: structural aspects or other infrastructure;
13. How the results should be recorded and
• Masonry, metal, concrete, timber, glazing
reported.
• Asbestos, roof cladding - slate, metal
sheeting Evidence Requirements
3. Prevailing conditions: Performance evidence must be provided from at
• Recent weather conditions
differing types of Structure.
• Weather conditions at the time of the
Workplace observation shall cover examination of
examination
a metal Structure and either a concrete or
masonry Structure.
• Text, photographs, sketches The performance evidence taken as a whole must
• Scoring (alpha/numeric) prove that the Candidate can consistently meet all
5. Examination methods are: Performance Statements (except g) and h) which
• Visual, tactile, taking measurement and may be assessed through knowledge), when
readings varied by the Scope Statements 1, 2, 4 and 6
6. Appraisal methods are comparison:
• Against a standard indicator
• With defined guidelines
• With last reported condition
Page 42 of 80
Ref: NR/SP/CTM/017
Issue: 01
Date: June 2006

Element 5.3: Deal with defects and situations which pose an immediate threat to the safety of
the operational railway or members of the public
immediately and without omission. associated with station Buildings and
b. Assessment of the implications of the defect Structures might have an immediate safety
or situation on safety takes account of all implication;
available information, the effect on traffic and 2. What information and influencing factors
members of the public and other affected would be taken into account when deciding
infrastructure. whether rail traffic, members of the public
c. Courses of action identified are pertinent and or both may be affected by the defect or
are in accordance with company policy and situation;
contracts. 3. What the current procedures are for
d. Liaison with others is polite, to the point, blocking the line when it becomes unsafe,
timely and follows any defined protocol and where they can be found;
requirements. 4. What steps can be taken within the limits of
own authority to restrict access where
e. Courses of action undertaken are effective,
within the limits of own authority, comply with members of the public are involved;
current instructions and are completed 5. What the reporting and recording
within required timescale. procedures are for emergency situations
affecting rail traffic and members of the
f. Advice is sought from a suitable person or
public;
reference documents where doubt arises.
g. Inability to undertake the required action is associated infrastructure is effected;
instructions and procedures. 7. Who should be informed when it is
necessary to block the line or to
h. Reporting and documentation is completed, close/restrict access to station Buildings;
accurately, on relevant documents and in
accordance with current instructions. 9. What documents are required for reporting/
recording once the course of action has been
Scope Statements undertaken.
1. Structural defects affect: Evidence Requirements
• Members of the public Performance evidence must be provided from
• Rail traffic at least three separate occasions.
2. Courses of action are: The Candidate shall be directly observed in the
• Block the line workplace or during simulated activities on at
• Restrict access least one occasion.
3. Liaison is with: The performance evidence taken as a whole
• Members of the public must prove that the Candidate can consistently
• Other rail maintenance personnel meet Performance Statements a) and b) when
• Operational staff varied by the Scope statement:
• Own supervisors/managers • Structural defects affect: members of the
public, rail traffic.
prove that the Candidate can meet
Performance Statements c), d), e) and h)
where the courses of action are: block the line
and restrict entry.
Page 43 of 80
Ref: NR/SP/CTM/017
Issue: 01
Date: June 2006
STE 6 - Examine the Condition of Tunnels and Shafts

Scope
determine an individual’s competence to examine Tunnels and Shafts under a
variety of different conditions. The Candidate is expected to be able to gather
detailed information about the tunnel, which relates to the current condition and
situation, using company and technical documentation for reference. The Candidate
is expected to provide a detailed report identifying new defects and situations and
changes/ deterioration in known defects and situations, through comparison of
findings with previous reported condition or a standard indicator. The Candidate
takes responsibility for the level of detail reported and for the recognition of and
dealing with serious defects which pose an immediate threat to the safety of the
public or rail traffic. However, the responsibility for the review of the reported results
and recommendation of necessary actions does not rest with the Candidate.
The Candidate is the person leading the examination and is expected to be able to
report on the condition using the following types of examination:
• Detailed examinations
• Special examinations or monitoring
6.2 Provide detailed information about the condition of tunnels and shafts
Assessment Strategy
Page 44 of 80
Ref: NR/SP/CTM/017
Issue: 01
Date: June 2006
Defects
The type of defects which the Candidate is expected to be able to identify and appraise
are: longitudinal and transverse fractures; spalling; open joints; hollows/bulging; loose
bricks; water ingress; loose rock/chalk; broken drainage; corrosion; and damaged
fixtures and fittings.
Page 45 of 80
Ref: NR/SP/CTM/017
Issue: 01
Date: June 2006
STE 6 Examine the Condition of Tunnels and Shafts

Element 6.1: Prepare for the examination activity.
a. Examination requirements and tunnel You must have knowledge and understanding of:
locations, including open, blind and known 1. Where to locate and access information
hidden tunnel shafts are determined relating to the examination requirements;
accurately, prior to commencement of 2. How to interpret any information used to
work. identify work locations and safe access
b. Work sites are accessed safely, at the points;
correct location, within any agreed 3. What the site access procedures are;
timescales and in accordance with site 4. What type of access equipment is required for
access procedures. each of the locations;
c. Tools and equipment required are 5. How to confirm that access equipment is fit for
available, serviceable and fit for purpose. use;
d. Technical instructions, drawings and 6. What additional preparation is required when
company standards that are required for examinations are in darkness;
the work are accessible. 7. The importance and implications of locating
e. Reports and recording documentation the shaft top;
obtained are sufficient to carry out the 8. What type of examination tools and
examination and comply with company monitoring equipment are required and how to
requirements. recognise that they are fit for purpose;
f. Sufficient information is obtained to confirm 9. What type of information and factors to check
that the weather conditions are suitable, the to confirm that the site is ready for
site is ready for the examination and that a examination and the implications of sheet
safe system of work has been established. removal on the time required for preparation;
g. Where documentation, equipment, 10. How the weather and seasonal conditions can
materials or tools are not available the effect the examination and the preparation
deficiency is dealt with in accordance with required prior to examination;
company procedures. 11. Which reports and documentation relating to
k. Communication with colleagues, superiors the tunnel must be obtained;
and staff in other departments is clear, 12. How to confirm that a safe system of work is
unambiguous and in accordance with in effect and what action to take where it is
relevant current instructions. not;
Scope Statements 13. What the procedures are for dealing with a
1. Work locations are: lack of documentation, equipment, materials
• Within the tunnel or tools.
• Within confined spaces Evidence Requirements
• At the tunnel portal Performance evidence must be provided from at
• Within shafts least three separate occasions.
2. Conditions are: The Candidate shall be directly observed in the
• Daylight workplace on at least one occasion.
• Darkness The performance evidence taken as a whole must
• Seasonal weather prove that the Candidate can consistently meet
Performance Statements a), b), c) e) and f) when
• Artificial light
varied by the Scope Statements:
3. Traction is:
• Work locations: confined spaces, within the
• Overhead line
tunnel; shafts;
• Conductor rail
• Conditions are: daylight, darkness.
• Non electrified
Assessors should note that this element deals
4. Tools and equipment is:
exclusively with the planning and preparation for
• Hand tools work, and does not encroach upon the Candidate’s
• Access equipment ability to use any of the equipment mentioned.
• Safety gear
• Monitoring equipment
• Lighting
Page 46 of 80
Ref: NR/SP/CTM/017
Issue: 01
Date: June 2006

Element 6.2: Provide detailed information about the condition of tunnels and shafts
a) Access equipment is used in accordance with You must have knowledge and understanding of:
defined procedures and in a safe manner. 1. How to approach and undertake the
b) Examination of the condition of the tunnel is examination in a systematic manner, and
conducted in a manner which is systematic, how the approach would vary where there
logical for the type of Structure and applicable are access constraints or blind shafts;
access restraints; and which ensures no 2. What types of tunnel Structures exist and
aspects cited in the report proforma are the what typical constructions methods and
omitted. materials are used;
c) Monitoring equipment is used accurately and 3. What types of information will be provided
correctly. through the use of visual, tactile and
d) The investigation of defects and deterioration measurement of tunnels and shafts whose
is in sufficient detail to identify all aspects of materials are masonry, concrete, metal and
the severity, location and extent of any rock;
changed condition or situation. 4. What type of defects and variations may
e) Appraisal of the condition is made using the become apparent during examinations, and
approved methods and takes account of which documentation contains guidelines
material type and prevailing conditions. relating to them;
f) Identified changes in condition or situation and 5. How and where to use monitoring
any aspects not examined are recorded equipment;
accurately and legibly using suitable methods. 6. What significance the material type has on
g) Advice is sought from a suitable person or the appraisal of condition;
reference documents where additional 7. What significance prevailing conditions
guidance is required. have upon the examination and appraisal
h) Potential defects and situations which fall of results;
outside the limits of own authority are noticed 8. The significance of identifying defects and
and dealt with in accordance with company changes in elements of the tunnel and
procedures. shafts;
i) Examination results are recorded and 9. How to appraise the condition using scoring
processed accurately and in accordance with against a standard indicator;
company procedures. 10. How and when to use photographs,
Scope Statements sketches, text and scoring for recording
1. Tunnel Structures are: condition and parts not examined;
• Tunnel bore, shafts, adits 11. Where to seek advice in the event of
• Portals/headwalls/side walls doubts relating to the examination being
2. Prevailing conditions: undertaken;
• Recent weather conditions 12. What action to take when there are
• Weather conditions at the time of the potential defects and situations which fall
examination outside the limits of own authority which
3. Materials are: affect other aspects of tunnels and shafts
• Masonry, metal, concrete, rock or other infrastructure;
4. Recording methods are: 13. How the results should be recorded and
reported.
• Text, photographs, sketches, scoring
5. Examination methods are: Evidence Requirements
• Visual, tactile Performance evidence must be provided from at
• Taking measurement and readings
differing types of Structure.
6. Review methods are:
The performance evidence taken as a whole shall
• Comparison against a standard indicator
prove that the Candidate can consistently meet
• Comparison with defined guidelines all Performance Statements (except g) and h)
• Comparison with last reported condition which may be assessed through knowledge),
when varied by the Scope Statements 1, 3, 4 and
6
Page 47 of 80
Ref: NR/SP/CTM/017
Issue: 01
Date: June 2006

immediately and without omission. associated with each of the tunnel
b. Assessment of the implications of the defect Structures in the Scope Statement 1 which
or situation on safety takes account of all might have an immediate safety
available information, the effect on traffic and implication;
members of the public and other affected 2. Why it might be necessary to initiate an
infrastructure. emergency repair during the examination
c. Courses of action identified are pertinent and and the types of emergency repair which
are in accordance with company policy and may or may not be carried out;
contracts. 3. What information and influencing factors
d. Liaison with others is polite, to the point, would be taken into account when deciding
timely and follows any defined protocol whether rail traffic, members of the public
requirements. or both may be affected by the defect or
e. Courses of action undertaken are effective, situation;
within the limits of own authority, comply with 4. What the current procedures are for
current instructions and are completed within blocking the line when it becomes unsafe,
required timescale. and where they can be found;
f. Advice is sought from a suitable person or 5. What steps can be taken within the limits of
reference documents where doubt arises. own authority to restrict access within the
g. Inability to undertake the required action is vicinity of tunnel shafts where members of
dealt with in accordance with company the public are involved (duty of care);
instructions and procedures. 6. What the reporting and recording
h. Reporting and documentation is completed procedures are for emergency situations
accurately, on relevant documents and in affecting rail traffic and members of the
accordance with current instructions. public;
Scope Statements 7. What the relevant actions are when
1. Tunnel Structures affected are: associated infrastructure is effected;
• Tunnel bore 8. Who should be informed when it is
• Shafts necessary to block the line;
• Adits 9. What documents are required for reporting/
• Portals/headwalls/side walls recording once the course of action has
2. Safety implications relate to: been undertaken.
• Members of the public Evidence Requirements
• Rail traffic Performance evidence must be provided from at
3. Liaison is with: least three separate occasions.
• Members of the public The Candidate shall be directly observed in the
workplace or during simulated activities on at
• Other rail maintenance personnel
least one occasion.
• Operational staff
• Own supervisors/managers must prove that the Candidate can consistently
4. Courses of action are: meet Performance Statements a) and b) when
• Block the line varied by the Scope statement:
• Restrict access Tunnel Structures are: tunnel bore, shafts;
portals/headwalls/side walls.
Statements c, d, e and h where the courses of
action are: block the line and restrict entry.
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Date: June 2006
STE 7 - Examine the Condition of Underwater Structures

Scope
determine an individual’s competence to examine underwater Structures. The
Candidate is expected to be able to gather detailed information about the underwater
Structure, which relates to the current condition and situation, using company and
technical documentation for reference. The Candidate is expected to provide a
detailed report identifying new defects and situations and changes/deterioration in
known defects and situations, through comparison of findings with previous reported
condition or a standard indicator. The Candidate takes responsibility for the level of
detail reported and for the recognition of and dealing with serious defects which pose
an immediate threat to the safety of the public or rail traffic. However, the
responsibility for the review of the reported results and recommendation of
The Candidate is expected to be able to undertake detailed examinations for scour

and following floods.
7.2 Provide detailed information about the condition of underwater

Structures and surrounding river bed
Assessment Strategy
Standard.
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Defects
The type of defects which the Candidate is expected to be able to identify and
investigate are those found in railway Structures generally, plus those particular to
underwater parts of Structure or scour/marine protection works. Examples of these
are: eroded bed or Structure materials, scour to bed material and undermining of
foundations, marine growth or corrosion, graphitic corrosion in cast iron, attack by
underwater animal life and objects lodged against the Structures.
Pre-requisite Competence
The standards contained within this Unit do not make any provision for the
assessment of the Candidate’s diving proficiency. They assume that the Candidate
holds all relevant qualifications and certificates for diving and is registered with Her
Majesty's Health and Safety Executive (in accordance with the current diving
Regulations under the Health & Safety at Work Act 1974) prior to commencement of
assessment against this unit.
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STE 7 Examine the Condition of Underwater Structures

Element 7.1: Prepare for the examination activity.
a) Examination requirements are determined You must have knowledge and understanding of:
b) Work sites are accessed safely, within any relating to the examination requirements;
agreed timescales and in accordance with site 2. How to interpret any information used to
access procedures. identify work locations and safe access
c) Tools and equipment required are available, points;
serviceable and fit for purpose. 3. What the site access procedures are when
d) Technical instructions, drawings and company accessing sites in each of the locations;
standards that are required for the work are 4. What type of access equipment is required;
accessible. 5. What additional preparation is required
e) Reports and recording documentation when examinations are on Structures
obtained are sufficient to carry out the affected by tides;
examination and comply with company 6. How is the preparation work varied when
requirements. visibility is restricted;
f) Sufficient information is obtained to confirm 7. What type of examination tools, survey
that the diving conditions are suitable and that equipment and monitoring equipment are
a safe system of work has been established. required and how to recognise that they are
g) Where documentation, equipment, materials fit for purpose;
or tools are not available the deficiency is 8. The importance of and how to confirm that
dealt with in accordance with company the diving conditions are suitable and will
procedures. remain so for the duration of the
examination;
h) Communication is clear, unambiguous and in
accordance with relevant current instructions. 9. Which reports and documentation relating
to the Structure must be obtained;
Scope Statements
10. How to confirm that a safe system of work
1. Waters are: is in effect and what action to take where it
• Rivers is not;
• Sea 10. What the procedures are for dealing with a
• Canals lack of documentation, equipment, materials
• Ponds or tools.
• Reservoirs
2. Conditions are: Performance evidence must be provided from at
• Static or slow flowing least three separate occasions.
• Fast flowing The Candidate shall be directly observed in the
• Tidal workplace on at least one occasion.
• Receding following flooding or exceptional
The performance evidence taken as a whole must
tides
prove that the Candidate can consistently meet
• Restricted visibility Performance Statements a), b), c) e) and f) when
3. Tools and equipment is: varied by the Scope Statements:
• Hand tools • Conditions are: tidal and non-tidal.
• Diving equipment This element deals only with the planning and
• Sampling/monitoring equipment preparation specifically for the Structures
• Survey equipment examination. The only reference to the diving
preparation is that the Candidate has all of the
equipment required at the site.
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Element 7.2: Provide detailed information about the condition of underwater Structures and
surrounding river bed
a. Communication with other team members is You must have knowledge and understanding
timely, clear and unambiguous. of:
b. The underwater examination is conducted in a 1. How to approach and undertake the
manner which is systematic, logical for the type examination in a systematic manner to
and depth of Structure and which ensures no ensure that all aspects of the Structure and
aspects cited in the report proforma are omitted. river bed are examined, and how the
c. Monitoring and survey equipment is used approach would vary when the examination
accurately and consistently. is in shallow and deep water, and when the
d. The investigation of defects and deterioration is examination is following flooding or high
in sufficient detail to identify all aspects of the tides;
severity and extent of any changed condition or 2. What types of information about changes to
situation. condition or type of use, flow patterns and
e. Appraisal of the condition is made using the surrounding influences will be provided
approved methods and takes account of material through the different exam methods of the
type and prevailing conditions. Structure and of the river bed;
f. Identified changes in condition or type of use, 3. What type of defects and variations may
flow patterns and surrounding influences plus become apparent through visual and tactile
aspects not examined are recorded accurately examinations and through the use of survey
and legibly using suitable methods. equipment, and which documentation
g. Advice is sought from a suitable person or contains guidelines relating to them;
reference documents where additional guidance 4. How and where to use the survey and
is required. monitoring equipment;
h. Potential defects and situations which fall outside 5. What significance the material type has on
the limits of own authority are noticed and dealt the examination and appraisal of condition;
with in accordance with company procedures. 6. What significance of the tidal conditions is
i. Examination results are recorded accurately and upon the examination and appraisal of
signed in accordance with company procedures. results;
Scope Statements 7. The significance of the water flow and
1. Examinations are of: visibility conditions on the examination;
• Walls, piers, columns, piles, protection works 8. How and when to use photographs,
and foundations to Bridges and viaducts sketches and text for recording condition;
• Retaining walls (including sea walls) 9. Where to seek advice in the event of doubts
• Weirs, inverts, channels and fenders relating to the examination being
• Beds and banks undertaken;
2. Water conditions are: 10. What action to take when there are potential
• Shallow, deep, static or slow flowing defects and situations which fall outside the
limits of own authority which affect other
• Fast flowing, tidal, limited visibility
aspects of Structures or other infrastructure;
3. Structure materials are:
11. How the examination results should be
• Masonry, metal, concrete, timber
recorded and reported.
• Text, photographs, sketches
5. Examination methods are:
least three separate detailed examinations.
• Visual, tactile
Direct observations of underwater appraisal of
• Taking measurement and readings Structures shall be undertaken at least twice.
• Probing loose and soft material The performance evidence taken as a whole
6. Appraisal methods are comparison: must prove that the Candidate can consistently
• Against a standard indicator meet all Performance Statements (except g)
• With defined guidelines and h) which may be assessed through
• With last reported condition knowledge), when varied by the Scope
• With previous measurements and readings Statements 1, 3, 4 and 5.
and sample analysis
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a) Defects and situations which have imminent You must have knowledge and understanding of:
immediately and without omission. associated with Bridges and retaining walls
b) Assessment of the implications of the defect might have an immediate safety implication;
or situation on safety takes account of all 2. What information and influencing factors
available information, the effect on traffic would be taken into account when deciding
and members of the public and other whether rail traffic, members of the public or
affected infrastructure. both may be affected by the defect or
c) Courses of action identified are pertinent situation;
and are in accordance with company policy 3. What the current procedures are for blocking
and contracts. the line when it becomes unsafe, and where
d) Liaison with others is polite, to the point, they can be found;
timely and follows any defined protocol 4. What the current procedures are for dealing
requirements. with defects which affect or are effected by
e) Courses of action undertaken are effective, waterways traffic;
within the limits of own authority, comply 5. What steps can be taken within the limits of
with current instructions and are completed own authority to restrict access where
within required timescale. members of the public are involved (duty of
f) Advice is sought from a suitable person or care);
reference documents where doubt arises. 6. What the reporting and recording procedures
g) Inability to undertake the required action is are for emergency situations affecting rail
dealt with in accordance with company traffic and members of the public;
instructions and procedures. 7. What the relevant actions are when
h) Reporting and documentation is completed, associated infrastructure is effected;
accurately, on relevant documents and in 8. Who should be informed when it is necessary
accordance with current instructions. to block the line or to close/restrict access to
Scope Statements the public highway or waterway;
1. Structural defects affect: 9. What documents are required for reporting/
• Members of the public recording once the course of action has been
• Rail traffic undertaken.
• Highways authority Evidence Requirements
• Waterways authority Performance evidence must be provided from at
2. Courses of action are: least three separate occasions.
• Block the line The Candidate shall be directly observed in the
• Restrict access workplace or during simulated activities on at least
3. Liaison is with: one occasion.
• Members of the public The performance evidence taken as a whole must
• Other rail maintenance personnel prove that the Candidate can consistently meet
• Operational staff Performance Statements a) and b) when varied by
• Own supervisors/managers the Scope statement
• Waterways authorities • Structural defects affect: members of the
public, rail traffic, waterways authority,
• Environmental agency
highways authority.
The performance evidence as a whole should prove
that the Candidate can meet Performance
Statements c), d), e) and h) where the courses of
action are: block the line, restrict access to
Structures and restrict access to waterways.
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Date: June 2006
Appendix D Competence Standards for Examination of Bridges following a

reported strike by road vehicles or vessels.
Competence Standards applicable to the work activities associated with responding

to a reported Bridge Strike with the intention of deciding whether to allow train
movements over the affected Bridge have been developed and are contained in the
Competence standards in this appendix. Each Competence Standard contains a
description of the activities and the limits and extents of Candidate responsibility.
The Competence Standards are applicable to the job roles as follows:
Bridge Strike Examiner
BSE Evaluate the Operational Capability of Bridges following a Bridge Strike
Bridge Strike Nominee
BSN Check Bridges meet defined criteria for operation at Normal Speed.
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BSE - Evaluate the Operational Capability of Bridges following a

Bridge Strike
Scope
determine an individual’s Competence to evaluate whether following a reported
Bridge Strike by road vehicles or waterborne vessels, the Bridge and associated
track infrastructure involved has the Operational Capability for train movements to be
permitted, and at what speed.
The Candidate’s responsibility extends to evaluating the Operational Capability of

the affected Bridge and the speed at which train movements may be permitted.
Conditions make the work output complex to achieve in relation to a variety of
interacting factors. The Candidate’s responsibility extends to the interpretation of
circumstances and selecting procedures at his/her discretion to produce the best
possible result in the conditions applying. In some cases, the Candidate may still be
expected to refer to others for final authorisations, even though responsibility for
identifying and implementing decisions remains with the Candidate.
The Candidate will take responsibility to either allow rail traffic to pass at Normal
Speed, at a restricted speed, or to block the line to rail traffic dependent upon his/her
evaluation of the damage. The Candidate has a responsibility of duty of care to the
public and is expected to take appropriate actions. In the context of this
specification, however, the responsibility for taking subsequent further action to
determine repair requirements and subsequent actions does not rest with the
Candidate.
This unit contains four elements:
1.1 Respond to the incident according to the circumstances
1.2 Gather information about the effect of the damage on the Bridge
1.3 Determine the current Operational Capability of the Bridge
1.4 Take actions appropriate to the damage
Limits of responsibility
The Candidate is expected to evaluate damage which is:
• Visible to a person from the ground;
• Requires access equipment.
The Candidate is expected to use visual, tactile and measurement examination

methods and to apply comparative and analytical decision making.
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Element 1.1: Respond to the incident according to the circumstances
a. Information is obtained in a manner You must have knowledge and understanding of:
appropriate to the circumstances of the call 1. Where the procedures for response to
out and is promptly evaluated for accuracy Bridges struck by road vehicles or vessels
and sufficiency. are contained.
b. The nature and implications of the call out 2. What additional procedures may relate to
are evaluated and any deficiencies or Bridges where Signal Box Special
discrepancies in the received information are Instructions have been permitted including
clarified with the relevant people. instructions for Late Reported Bridge Strikes.
c. The location of the damaged Bridge and any 3. What the limits of responsibility are of a
factors which may influence the response Bridge Strike Nominee and Bridge Strike
and preparation are established and Examiner with respect to attending a Bridge
confirmed. Strike.
d. Site access arrangements made are by the 4. Which specific features or structural forms
most direct means and are appropriate to any may affect the response to a Bridge Strike.
influencing factors identified. 5. Where and from whom additional information
e. Access is safe, at the correct location and is relating to the facts and details about the
in accordance with site access procedures. reported Bridge Strike may be obtained.
6. What the primary differences and
f. Reporting and negotiation of intended
requirements are when responding to an
activities is through designated
initial call out, a request for assistance and in
communications channels.
response to a Bridge at which train
g. Tools and access equipment necessary for movements have already been permitted,
the examination are available. 7. What the timescale requirements are for
h. Responsibility for permitting train movements reaction to a reported Bridge Strike and the
is accepted from others according to circumstances which may cause a variation
circumstances. to these.
Scope Statements 8. The implications of having limited information
prior to responding to the incident.
1. Circumstances of the call out are:
9. How to access Overline and Underline Bridge
• Rapid response call out
and rail over waterway locations safely, and
• In response to a request for assistance the relevant access procedures.
2. Influencing factors: 10. What tools and equipment may be necessary
• Severity of the reported damage to carry out an examination of damage
• The location of the damage on the Bridge caused by a Bridge Strike, following an initial
• The type of Bridge visual check.
• Road Bridge (Underline or Overline) Evidence Requirements
• Bridge over navigable waterway
Performance Evidence must be provided from
at least two separate incidents.
The Performance Evidence taken as a whole
must demonstrate that the Candidate can
consistently meet all Performance Statements
(except g and h which may be assessed
through knowledge alone) and can:
• Respond to each of the circumstances of
call out;
• Can vary his/her response according to the
type of Bridge and the location of the
damage on the Bridge;
• Make the necessary arrangements to
respond to Bridge Strikes at road Bridges.
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Element 1.2: Gather information about the effect of the impact on the Bridge
a. All aspects of the Bridge or track which have You must have knowledge and understanding of:
or may have been damaged by the impact 1. What the limits of authority and responsibility
are identified accurately and with account of a Bridge Strike Examiner are with respect
taken of the structural condition of the Bridge to examining Bridges struck by road vehicles
prior to the Bridge Strike. or vessels.
b. Communication with others is clear, polite 2. The types of Bridge, which are within own
and unambiguous. authority, their constructional methods and
c. Examination methods selected and used materials and their condition prior to impact.
enable sufficient information and data to be 3. What factors must be taken into account
gathered about the extent of the damage to when carrying out an initial observation of the
formulate further decisions. damage caused by the Bridge Strike, to
d. Tools and equipment are used and read identify and confirm the extent and position of
accurately. damage.
e. Examination outcomes are reviewed and 4. What different types of damage may typically
further investigation conducted where the be expected following a Bridge Strike of rail
results are inconclusive or inconsistent. over waterway, Overline and Underline
f. Advice is sought from a suitable person or Bridges where the materials are brick,
reference documents where doubt arises. masonry, concrete, metal and timber.
Scope Statements 5. What additional factors must be considered
1. Information gathering is under: when examining Bridge Strike damage to a
• Static conditions Bridge with several independent Structures
• Loaded conditions and why.
2. Others are: 6. What circumstances would require further
• Colleagues examination of the damage using tactile
• Members of the public methods and using measurements.
• Civil authorities 7. What types of measurements and reading
could be taken and with what types of
• Bridge Strike Nominee
equipment.
3. Examination methods used are:
8. What additional information will be gained by
• Visual
observing the Bridge under load, and under
• Tactile what circumstances could this be carried out.
• Measurements and readings 9. How and from whom to seek assistance.
10. What protocols are relevant for
communication with members of the public
and civil authorities.
Performance Evidence must be provided from
at least two separate occasions.
workplace on actual or staged activities on at
least one occasion.
consistently meet Performance Statements
(except d which may be assessed through
knowledge alone) and can:
• Gather information relating to the effect of
the impact with the Bridge under static
conditions and under load;
• Use examination methods which are visual,
tactile and involve measurement and
readings;
• Can communicate effectively with
colleagues and members of the public.
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Element 1.3: Determine the current Operational Capability of the Bridge
a. Data is checked to ensure that it provides a You must have knowledge and understanding of:
valid and reliable picture of the Bridge. 1. What the limits of authority and responsibility of
b. Evaluation of the impact of the damage on a Bridge Strike Examiner are with respect to
safe running of rail traffic takes account of examining Bridges struck by road vehicles or
all data, the type of Bridge and its vessels.
construction. 2. The types of Bridges which are within own
c. Decisions about the current Operational authority, their constructional methods and
Capabilities of the Bridge and speeds at materials and their condition prior to impact.
which train movements are permitted are 3. What types of damage may be encountered in
appropriate to the outcomes of the the track, and the significance of this upon the
evaluation. Operational Capability of the line.
d. Implications arising from the damage are 4. What different types of damage to a Bridge may
determined. be encountered in Overline and Underline
e. Reasoning and judgements are valid and Bridges where the construction methods are
logical. brick, masonry, concrete, metal and timber.
f. Advice is sought from a suitable person or 5. In circumstances where the vehicle is wedged
reference documents where doubt arises. under or on the Bridge what factors must be
Scope Statements considered when making decisions about the
1. Data sources are: Operational Capability of the line to carry rail
• Reports from other nominated people traffic.
• Own observations and measurements 6. What different factors must be taken into
2. Evaluation methods are: account when assessing the severity of the
• Comparison with previous condition damage and its impact upon rail traffic when
• Comparison with required structural the Bridge is Overline and Underline.
form 7. How various types of damage impact on the
3. Bridge is: safe passage of rail traffic.
• Brick/masonry 8. What types of data about the damage may be
obtained from others such as Bridge Strike
• Metal
Nominees, and how this may be supplemented
• Concrete
prior to formulating a decision about the
• Timber Operational Capability of the Bridge.
• Overline 9. What speeds may be permitted in different
• Underline circumstances.
4. Vehicle is: 10. What action to take with regard to making
• Clear of the Bridge decisions about the operation capabilities when
• Wedged beneath the Bridge there is doubt or discrepancy.
11. How and from whom to seek assistance with
the judgment process.
Performance Evidence must be provided from at
least two separate occasions.
consistently meet all of the Performance
Statements and can:
• Use data from both own observations and
measurements and from other nominated
people;
• Evaluate damage in brick, concrete, metal and
timber Bridges;
• Formulate decisions about Operational
Capability in damaged Overline and Underline
Bridges.
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Element 1.4: Take actions appropriate to the severity of the damage
a. Courses of action identified are You must have knowledge and understanding of:
appropriate for the severity of the 1. Where the procedures and criteria for permitting
damage caused by the Bridge Strike train movements at Bridges struck by road vehicles
and its impact on rail and public safety. or vessels are contained.
b. The speed at which train movements 2. What additional procedures may relate to Bridges
are permitted is correctly selected where Signal Box Special Instructions have been
according to the severity of the permitted including instructions for Late Reported
damage and the impact on rail safety. Bridge Strikes.
c. Liaison with others is polite, to the 3. What the limits of responsibility of a Bridge Strike
point, timely and follows any defined Nominee and Bridge Strike Examiner are with
protocol requirements. respect to permitting train movements following a
d. Courses of action undertaken are reported Bridge Strike; blocking a line to traffic and
effective, within the limits of own duty of care to the public.
authority, and comply with current 4. What types of damage may be encountered at the
instructions and procedures. different types of Bridge and how this will impact on
e. Advice is sought from a suitable person the potential hazard to rail traffic and to members of
or reference documents where doubt the public.
arises. 5. What the procedures are for blocking the line to
f. Reporting and documentation is traffic and to whom responsibility must be handed.
completed accurately, in the relevant 6. What speeds to permit in different circumstances.
manner and in accordance with current 7. How to contact and gain assistance from the local
instructions. highway or waterways authorities.
g. In situations where the line is blocked 8. What the requirements are for the Bridge to be
or train movements are not permitted observed following permission for train movements
at Normal Speed responsibility is and why this is necessary.
handed on to the appropriate authority 9. How and from whom to seek assistance.
or person. 10. To whom details of the damage and vehicles
Scope Statements involved must be reported, and how this should be
1. Damage is: done.
• None 11. What documentation must be completed following a
• Not requiring immediate remedial Bridge Strike by a road vehicle or waterborne
action vessel and how it should be processed.
• Requiring immediate remedial 12. What additional information about the damage must
action be reported and to whom.
• With the potential to cause Evidence Requirements
injury/damage to third parties Performance Evidence must be provided from at least
2. Courses of action are: two separate occasions.
• Block the line The Candidate shall be directly observed in the
• Request closure of the public workplace or during staged activities on at least one
highway/waterway occasion.
• Permit trains to pass at restricted The Performance Evidence taken as a whole must
speed demonstrate that the Candidate can consistently meet
all of the Performance Statements, with the exception of
• Permit train movements at Normal
e and g, which may be assessed through knowledge
Speed
alone. The evidence must show that the Candidate
3. Communications are with:
can:
• Civil authorities
• Select and take the appropriate actions for all
• Signaller
types of damage;
• Control room staff
• Undertake the actions necessary to permit train
4. Bridge type is:
movements at normal or restricted speed and
• Overline block the line.
• Underline • Communicate with the control room staff and the
• Over navigable waterways signaller.
Civil authorities will include Emergency Services, Local
Highway Authority and Waterway Authority.
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BSN - Check Bridges meet defined criteria for operation at Normal

Speed
Scope
determine an individual’s Competence to check that following a reported Bridge
Strike by road vehicles, Bridges meet the defined criteria for permitting train
movements at Normal Speed. The checks are through comparative visual
inspection of the affected Bridge and associated track infrastructure using pre-
defined acceptable damage criteria.
The Candidate’s responsibility is limited to following clearly defined procedures and

criteria for the reaction to, recognition of and dealing with damage caused by the
Bridge Strike through reporting and immediate action. The Candidate will take
responsibility to either permit rail traffic to pass at Normal Speed or to advise the
signaller that either the damage exceeds the criteria or that the Bridge is outside the
Candidate’s limits of authority. The Candidate has a responsibility of duty of care to
the public and is expected to take appropriate actions. The responsibility for taking
subsequent further remedial action does not, however, rest with the Candidate.
2.1 Attend the incident as requested
2.2 Check Bridges against pre-defined criteria and limits
2.3 Take actions appropriate to the result of the check
Limits of responsibility
Damage which is visible to a person from the ground and which may be readily
compared to the pre-defined acceptable damage criteria and limitations for Bridge
Strikes. Example of types of damage are: mis-alignment of the track, loss of ballast,
damaged railhead; deformation or displacement of metal Bridges; displaced material
in masonry and brick arch Bridges; exposure or damage to the internal reinforcing
bars of concrete beam Bridges; cracks or displacement in parapet walls and debris
obstructing or likely to obstruct the traffic.
Where the damage is to metal Bridges it is acceptable for the Candidate to discount
old rusty damage.
Where the Bridge is an Underline Bridge with metal columns, slab track or glued
ballast or a Bridge over a navigable waterway, the Candidate does not have the
authority to permit rail traffic to pass
The Candidate is expected to apply comparative visual inspection techniques to all

Underline Bridges, and Overline Bridges which may consist of one or more
independent Structures.
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Assessment
The primary sources of assessment evidence are:
• The end of training course written assessment and PC based knowledge test.
• Log book entries from actual and simulated activities
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BSN Check Bridges meet defined criteria for operation at Normal Speed
Element 2.1: Attend the incident as requested
a. Information obtained is promptly evaluated You must have knowledge and understanding of:
for accuracy and sufficiency. 1. Where the procedures for response by a
b. Any inconsistencies or deficiencies in the Bridge Strike Nominee to Bridges struck by
received information are clarified with the road vehicles are contained.
relevant people. 2. What additional procedures may relate to
c. Sufficient information is obtained to identify Bridges where Signal Box Special
the Bridge, its location, nearest access point Instructions have been permitted including
and communication methods. instructions for Late Reported Bridge Strikes.
3. What the limits of responsibility of a Bridge
d. Arrival on site is prompt and at the correct
Strike Nominee are with respect to attending
location.
a Bridge Strike.
e. Where delays are incurred the relevant 4. What types and nature of Bridges may be
people are promptly advised. encountered.
f. Access to the Bridge is safe and in 5. Where and from whom additional information
accordance with site access procedures. relating to the facts and details about the
g. Reporting to the signaller is timely, uses the reported Bridge Strike may be obtained.
correct protocols and clearly conveys intent. 6. What the requirements are for reaction to a
reported Bridge Strike and the
circumstances, which may cause a variation
to these.
7. The implications of not obtaining sufficient
information prior to reacting to the incident.
8. How to access road Bridge locations safely,
and the relevant access procedures.
9. What tools and equipment are necessary to
carry out the comparison of damage against
the defined criteria.
Performance Evidence must be provided from at
least two separate incidents.
consistently meet all of the Performance
Statements
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Element 2.2: Check Bridges against defined criteria
a. Current and complete pre-defined You must have knowledge and understanding of:
criteria and limits for acceptable 1. Where the procedures and pre-defined criteria for
damage are available for reference. examination by a Bridge Strike Nominee of Bridges
b. Criteria and limits selected for use are struck by road vehicles are contained.
appropriate to the type and nature of 2. What the limits of responsibility of a Bridge Strike
the Bridge. Nominee are with respect to examining a Bridge
c. Initial observations are in sufficient struck by road vehicles.
detail to confirm all areas of damage 3. What types and nature of Bridges may be
caused by the Bridge Strike and the encountered,
potential effect on the Bridge and the 4. What factors must be taken into account when
track. carrying out an initial observation of the damage
d. All aspects cited in the defined criteria caused by the Bridge Strike, to identify and confirm
for the Bridge type are adequately damage and potential effect.
checked for compliance. 5. What different types of damage may be
e. Assessment of compliance is encountered in Overline and Underline Bridges
accurately made with all apparent where the construction materials are brick,
damage accounted for in relation to the masonry, concrete and metal.
defined criteria. 6. What the significance of track displacement or
Scope Statements damage is on the safe running of rail traffic.
1. Bridge Structure is: 7. How to identify Bridges with several independent
• Metal girder Structures.
• Masonry arch 8. What factors must be considered when deciding
• Brick arch whether associated independent Structures may
• Concrete beam have been affected by the Bridge Strike.
• Parapet wall 9. What criteria and limits apply when permitting train
2. Damage is: movements at Bridges at Normal Speed.
10. What the implications are of permitting train
• Within the limits
movements at Normal Speed and the
• Exceeding the limits
consequences of poor judgement.
• Difficult to assess 11. What action to take when there is any doubt or
• Old damage in metal Bridges discrepancy or when the damage is near the
3. Bridges are: defined limits and when to seek advice.
• Overline Evidence Requirements
• Underline Performance Evidence must be provided from at least
• More than one independent two separate occasions.
Structure The Candidate shall be directly observed in the
4. Checks are for: workplace on actual or staged activities on at least one
• Initial examination to permit train occasion.
movements The Performance Evidence taken as a whole must
• Observation with trains passing demonstrate that the Candidate can consistently meet
‘ all of the Performance Statements, and can:
• Identify damage which is within the limits and
exceeding the limits in metal girder, masonry, brick
and concrete beam Underline Bridges;
• Identify damage which is within and exceeding the
limits in parapet wall Overline Bridges;
• Examine damage against given criteria for initial
assessment and observation with trains passing;
• Select the appropriate criteria and limits for all
types of Bridges.
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Element 2.3: Take actions appropriate to the results of the check
a. Potential safety implications posed to You must have knowledge and understanding of:
rail traffic and to the public are 1. Where the procedures and pre-defined criteria for
recognised without error. examination of Bridges struck by road vehicles are
b. Courses of action identified ensure the contained.
safety of the railway and the public; 2. What the limits of responsibility of a Bridge Strike
and are appropriate for the damage. Nominee are with respect to permitting train
c. Liaison with others is polite, to the movements following a Bridge Strike, when
point, timely and follows any defined damage limits are exceeded, limits of authority and
protocol requirements. duty of care to the public.
d. Courses of action undertaken are 3. What types and nature of Bridges may typically be
effective, within the limits of own encountered
authority, comply with current 4. What types of damage may typically be
instructions and procedures. encountered at the different types of Bridge and
e. Advice is sought from a suitable person how this will impact on the potential hazard to rail
or reference documents where doubt traffic and to members of the public.
arises. 5. What the procedures are for closing the line to
f. Where the road vehicle is wedged it is traffic.
dealt with appropriately 6. How to contact and gain assistance from the
g. Responsibility is correctly handed on to Highway Authority.
a Bridge Strike Examiner prior to 7. When it is permissible for the Bridge Strike
leaving the site. Nominee to leave the site.
h. Reporting and documentation is 8. How and to whom responsibility may be handed on
completed accurately, on relevant following damage to a Bridge by a road vehicle.
documents and in accordance with 9. What the implications are of permitting train
current instructions. movements at Normal Speed and the
Scope Statements consequences of poor judgement.
1. Damage is: 10. Why it is necessary for the Bridge to be observed
• None with trains passing.
• Within the criteria for permitting 11. How to deal with instances where road vehicles are
train movements wedged at Bridges.
• Exceeding the criteria for 12. How and from whom to seek assistance.
permission for train movements 13. To whom details of the damage must be reported,
• With the potential to cause and how this should be done.
injury/damage to third parties 14. What documentation must be completed and how it
2. Courses of action are: should be processed.
• Advise signaller that that either the Evidence Requirements
damage exceeds the criteria or that Performance Evidence must be provided from at least
the Bridge is outside the two separate occasions.
Candidate’s limits of authority The Candidate shall be directly observed in the
• Request closure of the public workplace or during staged activities on at least one
highway; occasion.
• Permit train movements at Normal The Performance Evidence taken as a whole must
Speed demonstrate that the Candidate can consistently meet
3. Others are: all Performance Statements (except e and f which
may be assessed through knowledge); and that the
• Civil authorities
Candidate can:
• Signaller
• Identify the correct course of action for each type
• Control room staff
of damage
• Can undertake each course of action.
Civil authorities will include Emergency Services, Local
Highway Authority and Waterway Authority.
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Appendix E Competence Standards for Examination of Earthworks
Competence Standards applicable to the work activities associated with the

examination of Earthworks have been developed and are in this Appendix. The
Competence Standards are applicable to the job roles as follows:
Earthworks Manager
EWE 2 Review results of Earthworks examination and recommend

Earthworks Examiner
EWE 3 Examine the condition of Earthworks
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EWE 1 - Ensure that Earthworks remain fit and safe for use
Scope
This Unit specifies the requirements against which evidence is to be gathered and
assessed in order to determine an individual’s Competence to initiate the actions
necessary to ensure that existing Earthworks remain fit for purpose and safe for
continued operational use.
The Candidate is expected to evaluate the actions recommended as part of

examination reports, and to take account of current and projected business,
contractual and operational changes and influences to prioritise and plan actions.
The responsibility for decision making lies wholly with the Candidate, though he/she
may be expected to refer to others for specific technical expertise.
1.1 Evaluate factors which affect fitness for purpose or operational safety.
1.2 Define the actions necessary to ensure continued fitness for purpose and
operational safety.
1.3 Implement actions to ensure existing Earthworks remain safe for continued
operational use.
All Candidates are expected to be able ensure that Earthworks including Embankments;
Soil Cuttings; and Natural Slopes remain fit and safe for use. Where a Candidate is
required to ensure Rock Cuttings remain fit and safe for use associated evidence must
be provided. The Authority to Work shall be suitably endorsed to include/exclude Rock
Cuttings.
Assessment Strategy
Standard.
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Element 1.1: Evaluate factors which affect fitness for purpose or operational safety.
a. Information obtained is sufficient to identify You must have knowledge and understanding of:
the current and future/planned performance 1. Where to source information relating to current
requirements of the Earthwork. performance/specifications for the Earthwork;
b. Information sources are evaluated for their 2. Where to source information relating to planned
suitability and used to determine current and changes to use, legal, health and safety issues
planned operational use. and performance requirements of the
c. The current condition of the Earthwork is Earthwork;
confirmed using all relevant data. 3. Where specialist technical advice and
d. Variations between actual Earthwork integrity information may be obtained and under what
and known requirements are accurately circumstances;
established. 4. How the change in use of an Earthwork or
e. The reasons and causes of the variations are change in the use of environment surrounding
clearly and accurately specified. the Earthworks may affect the fitness for
f. Evaluation of all information clearly identifies purpose and safety including typical examples;
whether the existing Earthwork is fit for 5. What specific types and formats of information
purpose and safe for continued use. are provided as part of the examination report
g. Where insufficient information is available, and how they relate to the actual condition;
further information is sought according to the 6. What hazard ranking measures signify and what
nature of the clarification required. other guidelines are available to provide
h. Communication is clear, unambiguous and in consistency of reported information;
accordance with relevant current instructions. 7. Why it is important to check current against
Scope Statements previous reports and what level of change
1. Initiating circumstances are: would be taken as significant;
• New examination report relating to the 8. Where and from whom initial and additional
Earthwork information relating to the causes of variations
• Planned changes in operational use can be obtained;
parameters 9. How further monitoring of condition may provide
• Notification of problems in other similar further information needed for Evaluation and in
Earthworks what situations it should be initiated;
2. Information sources: Evidence Requirements
• Current cyclical/Special Examination Performance evidence must be provided from at
report least three separate occasions.
• Previous Evaluation reports The Candidate shall be directly observed in the
• Risk Assessments workplace on at least one occasion.
• Change of use information The performance evidence taken as a whole must
prove that the Candidate can consistently meet all
• Legal, health and safety, and other
Performance Statements when varied by the Scope
regulatory requirements
Statements:
3. Variations are due to:
Earthworks are: embankments; soil Cuttings;
• Gradually deteriorating condition
natural slopes; Rock Cuttings drainage
• Unforeseen degradation in condition systems
• Changes in operational use parameters Initiating circumstances are: new examination
• Changes in the adjacent environment to report relating to the Earthwork, planned
the Earthwork changes in operational use parameters,
• Changes to legislation or contractual notification of problems in other similar
requirements Earthworks; and identifying
4. Earthworks are: Variations due to: gradually deteriorating
• Embankments condition, unforeseen degradation in
• Soil Cuttings condition, changes in operational use
• Natural slopes parameters, changes to legislation or
• Rock Cuttings contractual requirements
• Drainage systems Operational Use Parameters means loading; speed
of trains; frequency of trains
Other influencing factors may be; works already
planned; change of use information or legal, health
and safety, and other regulatory requirements.
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Element 1.2: Define actions necessary to ensure continued fitness for purpose and operational
safety
a. The significance and implications of the You must have knowledge and understanding of:
identified variation in condition and 1. What the behaviour of the different types of
performance is accurately determined. Earthwork is, and the significance of the material
b. Actions recommended in the type on this;
examination report are evaluated for 2. What factors to take into account when assessing
suitability in light of other influencing the significance of actual defects, projected
factors. deterioration, change in circumstances and
c. The actions selected are capable of situation of use on the fitness for purpose and
restoring/maintaining the fitness for operational and public safety;
purpose and operational/public safety 3. How deterioration of slope drainage may affect the
of the Earthwork. fitness for purpose and safety of Earthworks
d. Actions are capable of being 4. Which reference documentation and sources of
implemented within the constraints and information can be used to assist and guide the
requirements of Network Rail and other decision making process;
third parties. 5. How the change in use of a Earthwork or change in
e. The strengths and weaknesses of the use of environment surrounding the Earthworks
possible actions are identified and may affect the fitness for purpose and safety
used as part of the decision making including typical examples;
process. 6. How to identify any contractual and legal
f. Consideration is given to the requirements to maintain either by Network Rail or
implications of legal, health and safety third parties and how this will effect the decision
and other regulatory requirements. making process;
g. Priorities set for further investigation, 7. What types of remedial action can be undertaken to
Evaluation or remedial works are deal with defects, failures, change in use, and
consistent with the risk and change in circumstances surrounding the use of the
current/future business requirements. Earthworks where the variations are actual and
Scope Statements predicted;
1. Variations relate to: 8. What types of further investigation, Evaluation
• Current condition of the Earthwork Special Examination or monitoring regimes are
outside required performance available to give further information or provide
specification continuing assurance of fitness for purpose and
• Changes to operational use safety;
requirements 9. What types of legislation, health and safety or other
• Projected rate of deterioration regulatory requirements might vary and/or affect the
• Changes in use of environment performance parameters of the Earthwork;
surrounding the Earthworks 10. Why it is important to identify and take account of
• Changes in drainage condition other planned work, and where to find relevant
2. Third parties include: information;
11. What the Network Rail procedures and guidelines
• Highways authorities
are on methods of prioritisation of work.
• Waterways authorities
• Private land owners
Performance evidence must be provided from at least
• Statutory undertakers
three separate occasions.
3. Constraints are:
• Network Rail obligations to third workplace on at least one occasion.
parties The performance evidence taken as a whole must
• Third parties obligations to prove that the Candidate can consistently meet all
Network Rail Performance Statements when varied by the Scope
• Work already planned Statements 1 and 4.
• Other rail operators Statutory undertakers include for example;
4. Identified implications relate to: Telecommunication companies Utility companies, the
• Safety of the operational railway Environment Agency.
• Safety of the public An example of where an Earthwork may affect the
• Safety of staff safety of staff is in the maintenance of safe walking
• Contractual/legal obligations routes.
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Element 1.3: Implement actions to ensure existing Earthworks remain safe for continued
operational use.
a. Specific tasks are clearly identified and are 1. You must have knowledge and
achievable. understanding of: what tasks and methods
b. Methods comply with legal, health and safety, are required to achieve each of the types of
and other regulatory requirements. actions in scope statement 1
c. The parties implicated by the necessary 2. What legal, health and safety and other
actions are all identified. regulatory requirements apply when
specifying methods to be used to achieve
d. Timescales and frequencies are realistic and
actions;
achievable, and take account of constraints.
3. How and where the recommended actions
e. Items for action are presented precisely,
should be recorded;
clearly and in a manner which supports their
implementation. 4. Which other third parties might be implicated
by the different types of action and what the
f. Relevant people are informed of the planned
reporting and recording requirements are;
actions necessary to ensure continued
fitness for purpose and operational safety of 5. What the recording and processing
the Earthwork. requirements are for those actions internal to
the organisation and for examination
g. Actions implemented are confirmed as being
contractors;
in accordance with the plan and appropriate
to the condition of the Earthwork and its 6. What additional documentation is required
surrounding environment where actions are as recommended in the
examination report, modified from the original
h. Changes in operational capability are clearly
recommended actions or are generated due
specified and promptly progressed according
to external influences;
to defined procedures.
7. How to ensure that actions are implemented
i. Frequency of future examination is accurately
in accordance with set priorities and what to
defined, is appropriate to the condition of the
do in the event of delayed implementation;
Earthwork and in accordance with defined
procedures. 8. How to ensure progression of the required
actions and who is involved.
j. Records completed are legible, unambiguous
and as required for the type of actions and Evidence Requirements
parties implicated. Performance evidence must be provided from at
Scope Statements least three separate occasions.
1. Actions relate to: The Candidate shall be directly observed on at
• No actions required least one occasion.
• Definition of examination frequency The performance evidence taken as a whole
• Logging of future repair requirements must prove that the Candidate can consistently
• Further or Special Examination meet the Performance Statements when varied
• Evaluation by the Scope Statements 1, 2 and 3.
• Remediation work
2. Immediate actions are:
• As recommended in the examination
report
• Modified from original recommended
actions
• Generated due to external influences
3. Implicated parties are:
• Those internal to the organisation
• Examination contractors
• Other third parties
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EWE 2 - Review results of Earthworks examination and recommend actions

where necessary
Scope
assessed in order to determine an individual’s Competence to review the
examination report findings and make recommendations for actions to deal with
problems which affect fitness for purpose and/or safety, using company and
technical documentation for reference.
The Candidate is expected to be able make decisions relating to the actual condition
of the Earthwork and its use and predict the extent and trend of deterioration in its
subsequent fitness for purpose and/or operational and public safety. The Candidate
is also expected to be able to recommend actions together with priorities for dealing
with identified problems.
The Candidate is responsible for the integrity of all of the recommendations which
he/she makes. However, ultimate responsibility for the implementation of the
recommended actions does not lie with the Candidate, except when urgent
notification of actions required and instigation of emergency arrangements is
necessary in order to maintain safety.
2.1 Review the examination findings to identify aspects that will or may affect
2.2 Recommend actions to deal with identified problems that will or may affect
fitness for purpose or operational safety
All Candidates are expected to be able to review the examination findings of Earthworks
including Embankments; Soil Cuttings; and Natural Slopes. Where a Candidate is
required to review the examination findings Rock Cuttings associated evidence must be
provided. The Authority to Work shall be suitably endorsed to include/exclude Rock
Cuttings.
Assessment Strategy
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EWE 2 Review results of Earthworks examination and recommend actions where necessary
Element 2.1: Review the examination findings to identify aspects that will or may affect the
a. Information is checked to ensure its integrity and that You must have knowledge and
it provides a valid and complete picture. understanding of:
b. The review methods used are capable of fully 1. What specific types and formats of
addressing the complexities of the Earthwork and the information are provided as part of the
adjacent environment/Geomorphological Features examination report and how they
and relevant to the information and the Earthwork describe the actual condition;
being reviewed. 2. What other information may be required
c. Review of condition takes account of all relevant to review the report and where these
information sources and any potential influences from are located;
prevailing conditions. 3. How to verify the integrity and
d. Supplementary site visits or additional advice are completeness of the examination
obtained where further clarification is necessary. information and why it is important to do
e. Interpretation of the information and conclusions so;
drawn are logical and appropriate to the condition of 4. What action and arrangements can be
the Earthwork. made where insufficient information is
f. Review of the condition and situation provides clear available to complete the report;
and accurate details of degradation in the fitness for 5. What review methods are appropriate to
purpose and operational safety of the Earthwork. the various information sources relating
g. The most likely causes of the defects, degradation or to the condition and performance of the
changes are identified and evaluated as appropriate. Earthwork;
h. Where insufficient information is available to 6. What specific factors must be taken into
complete the review, arrangements are made to account when judging the condition of
gather further information or to submit the report in an the Earthwork;
incomplete form. 7. What constitutes poor / marginal /
i. Communication is clear, unambiguous and in serviceable condition for the different
accordance with relevant current instructions. types of Earthworks and where
Scope Statements information relating to this can be found;
1. Information sources: 8. Why it important to check current
• Current cyclical/Special Examination report against previous reports and what level
• Previous examination reports of change would be taken as significant;
• Photographs and sketches 9. How to record the review findings;
• Previous Evaluation reports 10. The circumstances and reasons when
• Previous risk Assessments an incomplete report form may be
submitted and the procedures for
• Change of use information
arranging this.
• Desk study reports
2. Earthworks include: Evidence Requirements
Performance evidence must be provided
• Embankments, Soil Cuttings, Natural slopes
from at least three separate reviews.
• Rock Cuttings and Drainage
The Candidate shall be directly observed in
3. Review methods relate to
the workplace on at least two occasions.
• Identification of current condition and operational One observation should deal with reviewing
performance reports from soil-based Earthworks and the
• Looking for changes in condition and operational other from Rock Cuttings.
performance The performance evidence taken as a
• Establish and predict the trend of deterioration whole must prove that the Candidate can
4. Prevailing conditions: consistently meet all Performance
• Weather conditions at the time of examination Statements when varied by the Scope
• Weather conditions since the examination Statements 2 and 3.
• Scour/flooding Operational Use Parameters means
• Burrowing loading; speed of trains; frequency of trains
• Excessive vegetation
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EWE 2 Review results of Earthworks examination and recommend actions where necessary
Element 2.2: Recommend actions to deal with identified problems that will or may affect
a. The significance of the problem in the type of You must have knowledge and understanding of:
Earthwork on the safety of the public and on 1. What the behaviour of the different types of
rail traffic is accurately determined. Earthwork is, and the significance of the
b. Decisions about the courses of action take material type on this;
account of all available information, the effect 2. What factors to take into account when
on operational/public safety, other affected assessing the significance of actual defects,
infrastructure, traffic delays and operational projected deterioration, change in
timescales. circumstances of use on the fitness for
c. Courses of action identified are relevant to purpose and operational and public safety;
the problem and take account of the imposed 3. Which reference documentation can be used
risk and any other planned repairs. to assist and guide the decision making
d. The Remedial Treatment necessary to process;
address immediate concerns is accurately 4. What types of Remedial Treatment can be
established, appropriate to the condition and recommended on the report to deal with
actioned in accordance with procedures. defects, failures, change in use, and change
e. Geotechnical priorities for the remedial in adjacent environment to the Earthworks;
treatments are correctly established and 5. Typical instances of change in use of a
clearly specified in accordance with Network Earthwork and change in use of the land
Rail procedures and requirements. surrounding Earthworks, and how they affect
f. Recommendations are presented clearly and the fitness for purpose and safety;
in a manner which supports further decision 6. What courses of action are available and
making. when each may apply
g. The report is complete, legible and submitted 7. What the procedures and guidelines are on
for further decision making within the defined methods of prioritisation of work;
contractual timescale requirements
8. How to implement the emergency procedure
Scope Statements and what additional records are required in
1. The type of Earthworks are; such an event;
• Embankments, Soil Cuttings, 9. What the contractual timescale requirements
• Natural Slopes are for the submission of the report;
• Rock Cuttings 10. How the report should be submitted and to
• Drainage whom.
2. Problems relate to: Evidence Requirements
• Defects or potential failure
• Predicted trend of deterioration least three separate reviews.
• Changes to operational use parameters
• Changes in the adjacent environment to The Candidate shall be directly observed in the
the Earthwork workplace on at least two occasions. One
observation should deal with reviewing reports
3. Courses of action are; from soil-based Earthworks and the other from
• No repairs required Rock Cuttings.
• Evaluation required
• Specific repairs required must prove that the Candidate can consistently
• Determination of frequency of meet all Performance Statements when varied by
examination and future examination date the Scope Statements 2 and 3.
• Establish condition band
• Emergency procedure implementation
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EWE 3 - Examine the Condition of Earthworks
Scope
assessed in order to determine an individual’s Competence to examine Earthworks
under a variety of different conditions. The Assessment applies equally to cyclical and
Special Examinations.
The Candidate is expected to be able to gather detailed information which relates to the
current condition and situation, using company and technical documentation for
reference. The Candidate is expected to provide a detailed report identifying defects
and conditions and changes/deterioration in known defects and conditions, through
comparison of findings with previous reports (where available).
The Candidate takes responsibility for the level of detail reported and for the recognition
of and dealing with serious defects which pose an immediate threat to the safety of the
public or rail traffic. However, the responsibility for the review of the reported results
and recommendation of necessary actions does not rest with the Candidate.
3.2 Undertake examination of Earthworks to identify actual or potential defects
All Candidates are expected to be able to report on the condition of Earthworks

including Embankments; Soil Cuttings; and Natural Slopes. Where a Candidate is
required to examine Rock Cuttings associated evidence must be provided. The
Authority to Work shall be suitably endorsed to include/exclude Rock Cuttings.
Assessment Strategy
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Assessor Guidance
In element 1 Assessors should note that this element deals exclusively with the
planning and preparation for work, and does not deal with the Candidate’s ability to
use any of the equipment mentioned. Examples of the factors which the Candidate is
expected to check in confirming that the site is ready are: reconnaissance
information, opportunity for work/access, clearance of vegetation, weather conditions
e.g. Lying snow.
In element 2 an example of a changed condition that may impact on the stability of

the Earthwork is change of use of adjoining land.
In element 3 an outside party means an organisation or person other than Network

Rail, that is an infrastructure owner or developer, or is a user or occupier of Network
Rail’s infrastructure. The term includes Highway Authorities, Passenger Transport
Executives, public or private developers, Train Operating Companies, etc.
Defects
For the purpose of Assessment the type of defects which the Candidate is expected
to be able to identify signs of and appraise the condition of soil based Earthworks
are:
• Irregularities in the slope;
• Irregularities in the area of the track;
• Irregularities at a soil Embankment toe;
• Irregularities at a soil Cutting crest;
• Tilting of signal posts, electrification masts, trees or fence posts;
• Downslope bending of tree trunks;
• Presence of recent slope remediation;
• Presence of tilting, sliding or subsidence of historic retaining Structures;
• Presence of small ad-hoc retaining Structures;
• Occurrence of slope seepages, areas of ponding or leaking services;
• Signs of water erosion or flooding;
• Blocked or broken drains, culverts, ditches, flumes, or spillways;
• Lack of, or significant reduction in, vegetation including fallen trees;
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• Presence of hydrophilic vegetation;
• Infestation by burrowing animals;
• Evidence of previous ground investigation, slope movement monitoring or

groundwater monitoring (for example piezometer tubes);
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For those Candidates who are to be assessed for Rock Cuttings defects which the
Candidate is expected to be able to identify signs of and appraise the condition of
are:
• Tension cracks;
• Movement of a rock mass;
• Visibly unstable blocks;
• Accumulation of rock debris at the foot of the Rock Cutting ;
• Discontinuity set characteristics which are conducive to Planar failures;
• Discontinuity set characteristics which are conducive to Wedge failures;
• Discontinuity set characteristics which are conducive to Toppling failures;
• Discontinuity set characteristics which are conducive to Ravelling failures;
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EWE 3 Examine the Condition of Earthworks

Element 3.1: Prepare for the examination activity
b. Work sites are accessed safely, within any relating to the examination requirements;
agreed timescales and in accordance with 2. How to interpret any site information used
site access procedures. to identify work locations and safe access
c. The limits of the Earthworks to be examined points;
are accurately identified and are in 3. What the site access procedures are when
accordance with the examination accessing sites in each of the locations;
requirements. 4. How identify the limits of the Earthworks to
d. Equipment required is available, serviceable be examined;
and fit for purpose. 5. What additional preparation is required
e. Technical instructions, drawings and when examinations are in darkness and
company standards that are required for the where examinations are on Earthworks
work are accessible. affected by tides;
f. Reports and recording documentation 6. How preparation for Special Examinations
obtained are sufficient to carry out the differs from that for Cyclical Examinations;
examination and comply with Network Rail 7. What type of examination tools and
requirements. monitoring equipment are required and how
g. Sufficient information is obtained to confirm to recognise that they are fit for purpose;
that the weather conditions are suitable, the 8. What type of information and factors to
site is ready for the examination and that a check to confirm that the site is ready for
safe system of work has been established. examination;
h. Where documentation, equipment, materials 9. How the weather and seasonal conditions
or tools are not available the deficiency is can effect the examination and the
dealt with in accordance with Examiner’s preparation required prior to examination;
company procedures. 10. Which reports and documentation relating
i. Communication with colleagues, superiors to the Earthwork must be obtained;
and staff in other departments is clear, 11. How to confirm that a safe system of work
unambiguous and in accordance with is in effect and what action to take where it
relevant current instructions. is not;
Scope Statements 12. What the procedures are for dealing with a
1. Work locations are: lack of documentation, equipment,
• On or near the line materials or tools.
• Adjacent to a public highway Evidence Requirements
• On privately owned land Performance evidence must be provided from at
• Adjacent to bodies of water least three separate occasions.
• Above/below vertical faces The Candidate shall be directly observed in the
2. Conditions are: workplace on at least one occasion.
• Daylight The performance evidence taken as a whole
• Darkness must prove that the Candidate can consistently
meet Performance Statements a), b), c), d), f)
• Tidal
and g) when varied by the Scope Statements:
• Seasonal weather
Work locations are: on or near the line,
3. Tools and equipment is:
adjacent to a public highway; on privately
• Hand tools owned land; adjacent to bodies of water,
• Personal protective equipment Conditions are: daylight, darkness
• Measuring equipment
Page 78 of 80
Ref: NR/SP/CTM/017
Issue: 01
Date: June 2006

Element 3.2: Undertake examination of Earthworks to identify actual or potential defects
a. Examination of the condition of the You must have knowledge and understanding of:
Earthworks is in accordance with Network 1. How to approach and undertake the
Rail standards and is conducted in a manner examination in a systematic manner, and how
which is systematic and logical for the type the approach would vary where there are
and limits of the Earthwork. access constraints;
b. Measuring equipment is used accurately and 2. What types of Earthwork exist, and what
correctly. examination/monitoring methods apply to
c. The examination is in sufficient detail to each type;
identify all defects and deterioration and any 3. What types of information about changes to
changed condition that may impact on the condition will be provided through the use of
stability of the Earthwork. visual, tactile and measurement of
d. Appraisal of the condition is made using the Earthworks described in the Scope Statement
approved methods and takes account of 1.
Earthwork type, prevailing conditions, 4. What type of defects and variations may
adjacent environment and geomorphological become apparent during examinations, and
features. which documentation contains guidelines
e. Identified changes in condition and any areas relating to them;
not examined are recorded accurately and 5. How and where to use monitoring equipment;
legibly using suitable methods. 6. What significance the items listed in the
f. Advice is sought from a suitable person or Scope Statement 2 relating to adjacent
reference documents where additional environment has on the examination;
guidance is required. 7. What significance prevailing conditions have
g. Examination results are recorded and upon the examination and appraisal of
processed accurately and in accordance with results;
Network Rail procedures. 8. What significance the Geomorphological
Scope Statements Features have on the examination and
1. Earthworks are: appraisal of results;
• Embankments, Soil Cuttings 9. How to appraise the condition using scoring
• Natural slopes, Rock Cuttings against a standard indicator
• Drainage 10. How and when to use photographs, sketches,
2. Adjacent environment is subject to: text and scoring for recording condition;
• Tides 11. Where to seek advice in the event of doubts
• Flooding/scour relating to the examination in progress;
12. What action to take for potential defects and
• Landfill
conditions which fall outside the limits of own
• Mineral extraction
authority but which may affect the safety of
• None of the above the operational railway or public highway;
3. Prevailing conditions: 13. How the results should be recorded and
• Significant rainfall reported.
• Freezing weather Evidence Requirements
• Long dry periods Performance evidence must be provided from at
4. Recording methods are: least three separate detailed examinations of
• Text differing types of Earthwork.
• Photographs Workplace observation shall cover the Candidate
• Sketches examining Embankments or Soil Cuttings.
• Scoring (alpha/numeric) Additionally workplace observation shall be
5. Examination methods are: conducted of the Candidate examining Rock
• Visual Cuttings where this is part of his normal duties.
• Tactile Where such additional Assessment is
• Taking measurement and readings satisfactorily completed Certificates will be
6. Review methods are: endorsed to include Rock Cuttings.
• Comparison with defined guidelines The performance evidence taken as a whole
• Comparison with last reported condition must prove that the Candidate can consistently
meet all Performance Statements (except f)
which may be assessed through knowledge,
when varied by the Scope Statements 1, 4 and 6.
Page 79 of 80
Ref: NR/SP/CTM/017
Issue: 01
Date: June 2006

Element 3.3: Deal with defects which pose an immediate threat to the safety of the
a. Defects and conditions which have imminent You must have knowledge and understanding of:
safety implications are recognised 1. What types of defects and conditions
immediately and without omission. associated with Earthworks might have an
b. Assessment of the implications of the defect immediate safety implication;
or condition on safety takes account of all 2. What information and influencing factors
available information, the effect on traffic and would be taken into account when deciding
members of the public and other affected whether rail traffic, members of the public or
infrastructure. both may be affected by the defect or
c. Courses of action identified are appropriate situation;
and are in accordance with Network Rail’s 3. What the current procedures are for blocking
policy and contracts. the line when it becomes unsafe, and where
d. Liaison with others is polite, to the point, they can be found;
timely and follows any defined protocol 4. What steps can be taken within the limits of
requirements. own authority to restrict access where
e. Courses of action undertaken are effective, members of the public are involved;
within the limits of own authority, comply with 5. What the reporting and recording procedures
current instructions and are completed within are for emergency situations affecting rail
required timescale. traffic and members of the public;
f. Advice is sought from a suitable person or 6. What the relevant actions are when
reference documents where doubt arises. associated infrastructure is effected;
g. Inability to undertake the required action is 7. Who should be informed when the threat to
dealt with in accordance with Network Rail safety may affect properties belonging to
instructions and procedures. outside parties;
h. Reporting and documentation is accurately 8. What documents are required for reporting/
completed, on relevant documents and in recording once the course of action has been
accordance with current instructions. undertaken.
Scope Statements Evidence Requirements
1. Defects will affect: Performance evidence must be provided from at
• Members of the public least one occasion.
• Rail traffic The Candidate shall be directly observed in the
• Properties belonging to outside parties workplace or during simulated activities on at
2. Courses of action are: least one occasion.
• Block the line The performance evidence taken as a whole
• Restrict access must prove that the Candidate can consistently
meet Performance Statements a) and b) when
3. Liaison is with: varied by the scope statement 1.
• Members of the public The performance evidence as a whole should
• Other rail maintenance personnel prove that the Candidate can meet Performance
• Operational staff Statements c), d), e) and h) where the courses of
• Own supervisors/managers action are: block the line and restrict access.
Page 80 of 80
Standards Briefing Note
Reference No NR/SP/CTM/017 Issue No 01 Publication Date June 2006
Title Competence & Training in Civil Engineering
Standard Owner D Carrier, Head of Competence and Compliance Date 3rd August 2006
Training Management
Local Compliance Owner Competence Management System Compliance Applicability

Provisions of this document
(Business Unit; Territory; Area; Project) Specialist
require the attention of and
action from
Purpose
Ops & Customer Service
This Specification sets out the minimum requirements for the training and
assessment of personnel who undertake Civil Engineering work that may affect the Safety & Compliance -All
operational safety of Network Rail controlled infrastructure. It defines processes that
Environment
shall be implemented and the standards that shall be achieved to ensure that
personnel who undertake Civil Engineering work are competent to perform the work. Fire Safety
Scope Occupational H & S
The specification applies to all Civil Engineering work undertaken on Network Rail
Operational Safety
controlled infrastructure by Network Rail employees, Contractors and suppliers. In
particular it applies to the training and proof of competence of personnel managing Netw ork Development
and undertaking examinations of Structures, Earthworks and of a Bridge following a
National Delivery Service
Bridge Strike. The scope of this first issue is limited; it will be expanded in
subsequent issues. MP & I
What’s New/Changed
Engineering -All
Reintroduction of the Competence Standards previously contained in RT/CE/S/047 -
Civil
Standards of Competence For Examination of Structures
Changes to the Competence Standards in the previous version of RT/CE/S/048 - E&P
Standards of Competence for Examination of a Bridge Following a Bridge Strike to Ergonomics
reflect the removal of the BSN 1 role. A set of transtional arrangements relating to
training and assesment of people who undertake the role of Bridge Strike Nominee Rail Vehicle
are detailed in Appendix A of the Specification
Signalling
Introduction of Competence Standards for Examination of Earthworks
Telecommunications
Introduction of the requirement to conduct an annual review to confirm current
competence of people who undertake Civil Engineering work that may affect the Track
operational safety of Network Rail controlled infrastructure
Maintenance
(inc. Hard Copy for Libraries*)
* ADC to add to hard copy distribution list
Affected Documents: (impact) Commercial Property
New Issue that supersedes all previous versions of: Contracts & Procurement
RT/CE/S/047 - Standards of Competence For Examination of Structures Corporate Change

RT/CE/S/048 - Standards of Competence for Examination of a Bridge Following a Finance
Bridge Strike
Gov & Corp Affairs
The above are withdrawn as a result of this issue.
Grp Company Secretary
The following posts require Technical Briefing as part of the implementation plan:
Structures Managers; Examining Engineers; Managers of Bridge Strike Nominees; Human Resources
Earthworks Manager and Earthworks Examining Engineers Information Management
Planning & Regulation
For further information e.g Technical Briefing, contact:

Name Chris Knight
Contact No 0207 557 8939
Email Chris.Knight3@networkrail.co.uk

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OFFICIAL

Briefing Post Responsible for

Competence & Training in Civil Engineering

Endorsement & Authorisation

K Teager, Director of Civil Engineering

D Carries/Head of Competence and Training Management

Accepted for issue by:

M McManus, National Standards Manager

An excavation that allows railway lines to pass through surrounding ground at

Subject to the minimum requirement in 5.1, employers shall have

Following the successful completion of training, as detailed in Appendix

who shall be responsible for developing the trainee’s knowledge and

In support of completing the mentoring effectively and the assessment of

Following successful completion of the relevant training and/or

5.5 Delivery of Training

Persons delivering training courses for Bridge Strike Nominees and/or

5.6 Competence Assessment and Verification

Assessors shall be approved in accordance with the employing

Employers shall have procedures in place to ensure that at least 10% of

5.7 Work Authorisation

On completion of an Assessment, employers shall have systems in

5.8 Assurance of continued Competence

5.8.1 Frequency of practice of the Competence

Table 1 below shows the frequency at which each Competence

5.8.2 Methods to assure continued Competence

Employers shall have systems in place to assure the continued

1. The use of a log book to record work experience.

• Actions taken are appropriate to the findings from the

Where continued Competence cannot be confirmed through an

6.1 Work on or near the line

Where a person is required to work on or near the line they shall be

In addition, persons shall be able to demonstrate medical fitness and

6.2 Management and Examination of Structures

6.2.1 Competence Standards

are defined in Appendix C. The Competence Standards are

6.3 Examination of Bridges following a Bridge Strike

6.3.1 Competence Standards

Competence Standards applicable to the work activities

Bridge Strike Examiner

Bridge Strike Nominee

6.4 Examination of Earthworks

6.4.1 Competence Standards

Competence Standards applicable to the work activities

Earthworks Examining Engineer

EWE 2 Review results of Earthworks examination and

Appendix A Training and Assessment

Where a person requires training to develop their competence to examine

Successful completion of training needed to permit the Candidate to

An Assessment of Competence shall occur within 12 months of the

In addition the person shall be subject to annual review in accordance with

Where a person has been assessed as competent and continues to practice

2 Examination of Bridges following a Bridge Strike

2.1 People New to Role

Where a person is required to undertake the duties of a Bridge Strike

Successful completion of the training course assessments permits the

2.2 Transitional Arrangements for existing BSNs

a. Satisfactorily complete the Network Rail PC-based knowledge test, or

Where the person successfully completes the Network Rail PC-based

Following training or completion of the PC-based knowledge test the