LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS AND PLANNING WITH CRIME MAPPING (LEA 4)

LESSON 1

I. POLICE OPERATIONS

Categories of Police Operations

1. Public Safety Operation – includes Search, Rescue and Retrieval Operations, Fire Drills, Earthquake Drills and similar
operations that promote public safety.
2. Law Enforcement Operation – includes Service of Warrant of Arrest, Implementation of Search Warrant, Enforcement of
Visitorial Powers of the Chief, Philippine National Police and Unit Commanders, Anti-Illegal Drugs Operations, Anti-Illegal
Gambling Operations, Anti-Illegal Logging Operations, Anti-Illegal Fishing Operations, Anti-Carnapping Operations, Anti-
Kidnapping Operations, Anti-Cyber Crime Operations and similar operations that are conducted to enforce laws, statutes,
executive orders and ordinances.
3. Internal Security Operation – includes Counter-Insurgency Operations, Counter Terrorist Operations and similar operations
that are conducted to ensure internal security.
4. Special Police Operation – includes Checkpoint Operation, Roadblock Operation, Civil Disturbance Management Operation,
Police Assistance in the Enforcement of Demolition Eviction Injunction and Similar Orders, Police Assistance in the
Implementation of Final Court Order and Order from Quasi-Judicial Bodies, Hostage Situation, Visit Board Search and Seizure
Onboard Marine Vessels and similar police operations that are conducted by police units with specialized training on the
peculiarity of the mission or purpose.
5. Intelligence Operation – includes Surveillance Operation, Counter Intelligence, Intelligence Research, Intelligence Assessment
and similar police intelligence operation conducted to gather information related to security, public safety and order.
6. Investigation Operation – includes Investigation of Crime or Incident, Administrative Investigation and similar investigative
work necessary to determine facts and circumstances for filing cases criminally or administratively.
7. Scene of the Crime Operation (SOCO) – includes the processing of crime scene, technical and forensic examination of
evidence and similar scientific investigative assistance.

OPERATIONAL PROCEDURE

Pre-Operational Clearance
1. Inter-Unit Coordination
a. Personal coordination or by official representative
b. Coordination by filing coordination form
c. Coordination by practical/available means of communication
Requirements of Police Operations
1. Basic Requirements
 With a marked police vehicle;
 Led by a Police Commissioned Officer (PCO); and
 With personnel in prescribed police uniform or attire.
2. Use of Megaphones and Similar Instruments
3. Warning shots prohibited
Use of Force During Police Operations
1. Use of excessive force prohibited
2. Issuance of verbal warning (the police officer identifying himself; his intention; and what he wants the offender to do)
3. Non-issuance warning when excusable (where threat to life or property is already imminent, and there is no other option but to
use force to subdue the offender)
4. Use of non-lethal weapon (baton/truncheon, pepper spray, stun gun, and other non-lethal weapon)
5. Application of necessary and reasonable force (confrontation with an armed offender)
6. Factors to consider in the reasonableness of the force employed (the number of aggressors, nature and characteristic of the
weapon used, physical condition, size and other circumstances to include the place and occasion of the assault)

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7. Responsibility of the police officer in charge of the operation (exercise control over all police personnel in the area of
operation, and shall exhaust all possible means to apply the necessary and reasonable force to protect lives and properties
during armed confrontation)
Use of Firearm During Police Operations
1. Use of firearm when justified (self-defense, defense of a relative, defense of a stranger)
2. Firing at moving vehicles prohibited but with exceptions
3. Parameters to be considered in firing at moving vehicles
 The intent of the suspect/s to harm the police officer or other persons;
 The capability of the suspect/s to harm with certainty the police officer or other persons; and
 Accessibility or the proximity of the suspect/s from the police officer and other persons.
4. Filing of an incident report after the use of firearm
5. Procedures after an armed confrontation
 Secure the site of confrontation;
 Take photographs;
 Check whether the situation still poses imminent danger;
 Evacuate the wounded to the nearest hospital;
 Ensure that all persons who died on the spot are not moved from their original position;
 Arrested suspects should be kept in isolation;
 Conduct debriefing on all involved PNP operatives;
 Submit after-operations report; and
 Ensure psychological stress counseling for all involved PNP operatives

Spot Check/Accosting – the police officer may stop an individual for the purpose of conducting a spot check/accosting only when
reasonable suspicion exists. Reasonable suspicion must be more than just a hunch or feeling. In justifying the stop, the police officer
must be able to point to specific facts that, when taken together with rational inferences, reasonably warrant to stop.

Body Frisk/Pat-Down Search – a police officer has the right to perform a pat-down search if the individual has been legitimately
stopped with reasonable suspicion and when the police officer has reasonable suspicion and when the police officer has reason to
believe that the individual possesses weapon/s on his person and poses a threat to the police officer’s or another person’s safety.

Checkpoint – is a place where the police check vehicular/pedestrian traffic in order to enforce circulation control measure and other
laws, orders, and regulations. The establishment of checkpoints must always be authorized by the Head of Office of the territorial PNP
Unit and manned by uniformed PNP personnel. Other units directly involved in an operation may establish mobile checkpoints in
coordination with the Unit commander in the area.

Composition
1. Team Leader (TL) – shall lead and take responsibility in the conduct of checkpoint preferably an officer with the rank of at
least Police Lieutenant;
2. Spotter – PNP personnel who will point/profile suspected vehicle subject for checkpoint;
3. Spokesperson – TL or member who is in charge of communicating with the motorists’ subject for checkpoint;
4. Investigation Sub-Team – in charge of investigation and documentation of possible incidents in the checkpoint to include
issuance of Traffic Citation Ticket (TCT) or Traffic Violation Report (TVR);
5. Search/Arresting Sub-Team – designated to conduct search, seizure and arrest, if necessary;
6. Security Sub-Team – tasked to provide security in the checkpoint area; and;
7. Blocking/Pursuing Sub-Team – team tasked to block/pursue fleeing suspects/vehicle.

High-Risk Stop and High-Risk Arrest

1. Initial stage
 Organize appropriate tactical security forces utilizing maximum firepower and armor assets.
 Deploy the security forces to stopping zones in defensive position.
 Seal off the area and establish strong roadblocks/barricades
2. Effecting a high risk stop

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 Exert utmost effort to persuade the suspects to halt or stop their movement.
 Start with the procedural conduct of regular warrantless arrest where arrest is inevitable.
 Ensure proper documentation of the process.
 Respect the rights of all the persons involved.
3. During violent stage – the PNP shall strictly adhere to the PNP Operational Procedures (POP), particularly on the use of force.

Police Defensive Roadblock – is a temporary installation or hastily built barricade set for halting traffic to facilitate the
apprehension/neutralization of an armed/suspect onboard a motor vehicle.
a. Pre-conditions in establishing police defensive roadblocks:
1) The object vehicle/s must be subject of a recent flash alarm;
2) The driver/occupants of the vehicle are presumed hostile and will not stop at the checkpoint;
3) The vehicle disregarded a police-established checkpoint when flagged down;
4) The identified vehicle and occupants must be subject of a police case/combat operational plan;
5) There is unauthorized troop movement; or there must be validated information on any of the following:
 On-going hot pursuit/police chase;
 Movement of suspected armed persons onboard a motor vehicle;
 Report of suspected armed men who have just committed a crime;
 Vehicle carrying escaped prisoner; or
 Armed motorcycle riding criminals.
b. Procedures in establishing roadblocks:
1) Before the roadblock:
a) Organize appropriate/sufficient police tactical security forces, utilizing maximum firepower and armor assets
(if any), with the following team composition:
 Team leader (TL)
 Forward observer/spotter
 Spokesperson
 Sniper
 Investigation sub-team
 Search/arresting sub-team
 Security sub-team
 Blocking/pursuing sub-team
 Media sub-team
 Additional tactical personnel/team may be employed depending on the size of the hostiles; and
 videographer
b) the team leader (TL) shall brief the elements/members of the Police Roadblocks;
c) participating personnel in the roadblock must be in their prescribed uniform; and
d) in a roadblock, since troop deployment is urgent and public safety is at risk, the participation of civilian
component and the presence of media in the roadblock shall not be allowed.
2) During the roadblock:
 Strategic and defensive position
 On selected strategic areas
 Road spikes or tire deflation system
 Documented by videographer
 Properly lighted with signage
 Police car must be turn on
3) After the roadblock:
a) When suspect/s surrendered or are arrested:
 Apprised of their rights in reference to the Miranda Doctrine.
 After-Roadblock Report must be submitted
b) When suspects engage with troops:
 Account for the casualties and give immediate medical assistance to the wounded.
 Protect/preserve the crime scene/engagement area

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 Proper documentation
c) Fleeing vehicles:
 Establish hot pursuit operation

Internal Security Operation

General Mandate
The PNP is mandated to provide active support to the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) in Internal Security Operations (ISO) for
the suppression of the Communist Terrorist Movement (CTM) and other serious threats to national security.

The PNP in an Active Support Role

1. Conduct sustained law enforcement actions against CTM atrocities;
2. In urban areas, the PNP may assume the lead role in ISO against the CTM, other threat groups and organized crime groups
engaged in armed offensives;
3. The PNP units may either operate as a single force or as a part of joint PNP-AFP combat operations. In both cases, lateral
coordination is a must;
4. The PNP units in CTM-affected areas may be placed under Operational Control (OPCON) of AFP units but shall continue to
perform law enforcement functions.
5. Specific areas where armed confrontations such as encounter, ambush, raid, liquidation and other similar atrocities occur
between government forces (PNP or AFP) and the Communist Terrorists (CTs) shall be treated as a crime scene. The police
unit that has jurisdiction over the areas shall conduct the Crime Scene Investigation (CSI).

Defensive Position
1. Continuously remind all PNP personnel to be extra vigilant and security conscious in their day-to-day activities and during
troop movements.
2. Duty station guards shall memorize, internalize and put into practice the 11 General Orders of a duty guard. Likewise, they
shall always carry their issued long firearms and ammunition rig/bandoliers with the basic load.
3. Vigorously implement added security measures in all police stations and police community precincts.
4. Conduct sustained inspection of the operational readiness of PNP field units/stations.
5. Always keep in mind the modus operandi, strategies and tactics being practiced/employed by the CTM and other threat
groups.
6. Enhance the establishment of Advance Security Control Points (ASCPs) to control the ingress and egress of people in Police
Stations.
7. One of the strategies and tactics employed by CTM and other threats groups to gain access to police stations is by wearing of
PNP/AFP uniforms and that of other LEAs, hence personnel assigned in the advance security control points shall not allow
entry of uniformed groups or any individuals without prior coordination.
 Exercise sustained vigilance and maintenance of law, order and public safety in respective AOR through the
intensified conduct of police visibility patrols.
 Carry out Police Community Relation (PCR)/Barangay Peacekeeping Operations (BPO) activities in areas that are
prone to influence, infiltration and infestation of CTM fronts organization.

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