Claudio Reihan Hidayat

23027011
Visual Communication Design
History of Graphic Design

1. explain the connection between Asian art and art nouveau in Europe/ US
The connection between Asian Art and Art Nouveau in Europe and the US is
that Art Nouveau was influenced by Japanese art, particularly ukiyo-e woodblock
prints, which were displayed and sold in a Paris gallery run by art dealer Samuel Bing
in 1895 as the Salon de l’Art Nouveau. The gallery became an international meeting
place where many young artists were introduced, among them the American glass
artist Louis Comfort Tiffany, whose work had a sizable influence in Europe. The
organic, plant-like line that characterizes Art Nouveau was adapted from vine tendrils,
flowers, birds, and the human female form, which were frequent motifs in ukiyo-e
prints. The movement also drew inspiration from calligraphic line drawing,
abstraction and simplification of natural appearances, flat color and silhouettes,
unconventional use of bold black shapes, and decorative patterns, which were also
features of Asian art. The movement's identifying visual quality is an organic, plant-
like line that can either undulate with whiplash energy or flow with elegant grace as it
defines, modulates, and decorates a given space. The movement's transition from
Victorian graphics to the Art Nouveau style was a gradual one, and two graphic artists
working in Paris, Jules Chéret and Eugène Grasset, played important roles in the
transition.

2. what are the characteristic of Art Nouveau

Art Nouveau is an international decorative style that thrived roughly during
the two decades (c. 1890–1910) that girded the turn of the century. It encompassed all
the design arts—architecture, furniture and product design, fashion, and graphics—
and consequently embraced posters, packages, and advertisements; teapots, dishes,
and spoons; chairs, door frames, and staircases; factories, subway entrances, and
houses. The following are the characteristics of Art Nouveau:

• Organic, plant-like line: Art Nouveau’s identifying visual quality is an

organic, plant-like line. Freed from roots and gravity, it can either undulate
with whiplash energy or flow with elegant grace as it defines, modulates, and
decorates a given space. Vine tendrils, flowers (such as the rose and lily), birds
(particularly peacocks), and the human female form were frequent motifs from
which this fluid line was adapted.
• Flat color and silhouettes: Art Nouveau drew inspiration from the calligraphic
line drawing, abstraction and simplification of natural appearances, flat color,
and silhouettes, which were also features of Asian art.
• Unconventional use of bold black shapes: Art Nouveau also drew inspiration
from the unconventional use of bold black shapes, which were also features of
Asian art.
 • Decorative patterns: Art Nouveau drew inspiration from decorative patterns,
which were also features of Asian art.
• Emblematic symbols: Subjects often became emblematic symbols, reduced to
graphic interpretations conveying their essence.
• Suggestive impressions: Landscape and interior environments were frequently
presented as suggestive impressions rather than detailed depictions.
• Transitional style: Art Nouveau is a transitional style that evolved from the
historicism that dominated design for most of the nineteenth century. By
replacing this almost servile use of past forms and styles and rejecting the
anachronistic approaches of the nineteenth century, Art Nouveau became the
initial phase of the modern movement, preparing the way for the twentieth
century.
• Unifying decoration, structure, and intended function: In earlier three-
dimensional design, ornaments often were mere decorative elements applied to
the surface of a building or object, but in Art Nouveau objects, the basic forms
and shapes were formed by, and evolved with, the design of the ornament.
This was a new design principle unifying decoration, structure, and intended
function.
• Abstract art: Because Art Nouveau forms and lines were often invented rather
than copied from nature or the past, there was a revitalization of the design
process that pointed toward abstract art.

3. in which countries did art nouveau movement rose

Art Nouveau was an international decorative style that thrived roughly during
the two decades (c. 1890–1910) that girded the turn of the century. It encompassed all
the design arts—architecture, furniture and product design, fashion, and graphics—
and consequently embraced posters, packages, and advertisements; teapots, dishes,
and spoons; chairs, door frames, and staircases; factories, subway entrances, and
houses. Art Nouveau was a movement that originated in Europe and then spread to
other parts of the world. The following are the countries where the Art Nouveau
movement rose:

• Belgium: Belgian artists were at the vanguard in the movement toward a new
art. By the mid-1890s, Belgian Art Nouveau became a significant force, as
architect Baron Victor Horta and designer Henri van de Velde were
influencing developments throughout Europe.
• France: The term Art Nouveau arose in a Paris gallery run by art dealer
Samuel Bing, which opened in 1895 as the Salon de l’Art Nouveau. In
addition to Japanese art, “new art” by European and American artists was
displayed and sold there. This gallery became an international meeting place
where many young artists were introduced, among them the American glass
artist Louis Comfort Tiffany, whose work had a sizable influence in Europe.
• Germany: The new art was called Jugendstil, after the magazine Jugend
[Youth] in Germany.
• Austria: The new art was called Sezessionstil, after the Vienna Secession art
movement in Austria.
 • Italy: The new art was called stile floreale or stile Liberty after textiles and
furnishings from the London department store in Italy.
• Spain: The new art was called modernismo in Spain.
• Netherlands: The new art was called nieuwe kunst in the Netherlands.

Art Nouveau was a vital period in architecture and the applied arts, forming a
bridge between Victorian clutter and modernism. The movement's transition from
Victorian graphics to the Art Nouveau style was a gradual one, and two graphic artists
working in Paris, Jules Chéret and Eugène Grasset, played important roles in the
transition.

4. make a short essay about two art nouveau artist from different countries (explain
about their characteristic/ what element in art or design they focus on, etc)
Art Nouveau was an international decorative style that thrived roughly during
the two decades (c. 1890–1910) that girded the turn of the century. It encompassed all
the design arts-architecture, furniture and product design, fashion, and graphics- and
consequently embraced posters, packages, and advertisements; teapots, dishes, and
spoons; chairs, door frames, and staircases; factories, subway entrances, and houses.
The movement's identifying visual quality is an organic, plant-like line that can either
undulate with whiplash energy or flow with elegant grace as it defines, modulates,
and decorates a given space. Vine tendrils, flowers (such as the rose and lily), birds
(particularly peacocks), and the human female form were frequent motifs from which
this fluid line was adapted. The movement drew inspiration from the calligraphic line
drawing, abstraction and simplification of natural appearances, flat color, and
silhouettes, which were also features of Asian art. The movement's transition from
Victorian graphics to the Art Nouveau style was a gradual one, and two graphic artists
working in Paris, Jules Chéret and Eugène Grasset, played important roles in the
transition. Art Nouveau was an art movement that flourished between about 1890 and
1910 throughout Europe and the United States. It was characterized by an emphasis
on the fluidity of line, geometric forms, asymmetrical compositions, and a daring
combination of structure and ornamentation. Below are two Art Nouveau artists from
different countries and their characteristics:
Alphonse Mucha (Czech Republic)
• Mucha was a painter, illustrator, and graphic artist who was known for his
decorative and theatrical posters.
• His work often featured beautiful women with long, flowing hair and intricate
floral patterns.
• Mucha's style was characterized by the use of sinuous, organic lines and a
focus on the female form.
• He was also known for his use of pastel colors and his incorporation of
Eastern European folk art into his work.
Hector Guimard (France)
• Guimard was an architect who is best known for his designs of the entrances
to the Paris Métro stations.
• His style was characterized by the use of undulating, asymmetrical lines and a
focus on natural forms such as plants and flowers.
 • Guimard's designs were often made of cast iron and featured intricate details
and patterns.
• He was also known for his use of stained glass and his incorporation of new
materials such as concrete into his designs.

Art Nouveau was a style that was characterized by several elements, including:
• Two-dimensionality: It is common to come across works with little spatial
depth.
• Abundance of curves: Taking advantage of the feminine hair or the folds of
the clothes, generating an effect of greater sensuality.
• Marked line: Well outlined contours.
• Decorative elements inspired by nature: Art Nouveau was often inspired by
natural forms such as the sinuous curves of plants and flowers.
• Symbolism: Instead of everyday scenes and landscapes, we find symbolic,
spiritual, mystical, and mythological content.
• Sensuality: Stylized figures, so as to achieve greater sensuality.
• Gold leaf technique: This technique was often used to add a luxurious touch to
Art Nouveau works.

One major objective of Art Nouveau was to break down the traditional distinction
between fine arts (especially painting and sculpture) and applied arts. It was most
widely used in interior design, graphic arts, furniture, glass art, textiles, ceramics,
jewellery, and metalwork. The style responded to leading 19-century theoreticians,
such as French architect Eugène-Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc and British art critic John
Ruskin. New technologies in printing and publishing allowed Art Nouveau to quickly
reach a global audience. Art magazines, illustrated with photographs and color
lithographs, played an essential role in popularizing the new style. The Studio in
England, Arts et idèes and Art et décoration in France, and Jugend in Germany
allowed the style to spread rapidly to all corners of Europe.
In conclusion, Art Nouveau was an art movement that emphasized the fluidity of
line, geometric forms, asymmetrical compositions, and a daring combination of
structure and ornamentation. Alphonse Mucha and Hector Guimard were two Art
Nouveau artists from different countries who both incorporated natural forms into
their work and used intricate patterns and details. Mucha focused on the female form
and Eastern European folk art, while Guimard was an architect who designed the
entrances to the Paris Métro stations. Art Nouveau was a style that broke down the
traditional distinction between fine arts and applied arts and was widely used in
interior design, graphic arts, furniture, glass art, textiles, ceramics, jewelry, and
metalwork.