Lesson 3
Lesson 3
Lesson 3
AGE OF SYMBOLISM
TO EXPRESSIONISM
SYMBOLISM
SYMBOLISM
Artistic and literary movement that emerged in
the late 19th century, particularly in France. It
emphasized the use of symbols rather than direct
representation to express emotions, moods, and
ideas. Symbolist artists and writers believed that
reality could only be apprehended through a
subjective experience, and that art should evoke a
spiritual experience in the viewer or reader.
ALBERT AURIER
Albert Aurier was a French art critic and writer who
championed Symbolism in the late 19th century. He was
one of the early supporters of artists such as Vincent van
Gogh, Paul Gauguin, and Odilon Redon, whom he
considered to be the progenitors of the Symbolist
movement. Aurier was also an influential figure in the
formation of the Nabis group, which included artists
such as Pierre Bonnard and Édouard Vuillard.
Concepts and Styles
1. Synesthesia: The blending of different senses, such as sound and
color or taste and touch, to create a more immersive sensory
experience.
2. Decadence: A fascination with the darker and more forbidden
aspects of life, often associated with themes of decay and decline.
3. The Femme Fatale: A seductive and dangerous woman who
represents the destructive power of love and desire.
4. Japonisme: A fascination with Japanese culture and aesthetics,
which influenced many Symbolist artists and writers.
ART
NOVEAU
BIRTH OF ART NOVEAU
In the last third of the 19th century, a
basic approach to architecture and
interior design emerged. There was a need
for a liberating change of direction
throughout Europe, a desire to break
away from established formulas based on
pastiche of historical styles, and a search
for creative ideas, all of which led in the
development of Art Nouveau at the
beginning of the 1890s.
INTRODUCTION TO ART
NOVEAU
Art Nouveau (French for "New Style")
was popularized by the famous Maison de
I'Art Nouveau (House of New Art), a Paris
art gallery operated by Siegfried Bing.
INTRODUCTION TO ART
NOVEAU
Art Nouveau represents the beginning of
modernity in design. (Modern Architecture).
It happened at a period when the market was
becoming more mass-produced, and designers,
architects, and artists realized that the
handcrafted work of centuries past could be
lost. While reclaiming this craft tradition, art
nouveau designers simultaneously rejected
that emphasized humanity's connection to
nature.
INTRODUCTION TO
ART NOVEAU
HALLMARKS OF ART NOUVEAU STYLE
Majolikahaus in Vienna
Glasglow School of Art
by Otto Wagner
by Charles Rennie Mackintosh
Famous Art Nouveau
Artist & Legacy and
Influence of Art
Nouveau
Aubrey Beardsley
Aubrey Beardsley’s career, though cut short by the onset of tuberculosis, was notable
because of its impressive impact on illustration art. In the seven years he was able to
illustrate, Beardsley made a name for himself as one of the most talked-about artists of
his time.
Gustav Klimt
Before the Art Nouveau movement, Gustav Klimt was recognized for his decorative
paintings of historical scenes and figures. These paintings were commissioned to be
created on public buildings and would later lead to his “Golden Phase” which lasted from
1903-1909.
Alphonse Mucha
Alphonse Mucha was primarily known for his work on commercial posters and
advertisements, though he also dabbled in other mediums such as furniture, theatrical
sets, and jewelry. Women were his primary subject, specifically the “new woman,” which
celebrated femininity and the socially empowered and engaged woman.
Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec
Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec was the first artist to elevate advertising to the level of fine
art, creating a shift in history that acknowledged that an important work of art could be
an everyday poster in a nightclub.
Egon Schiele
Egon Schiele lived a short life, dying of influenza at the age of 28. Though his style was
marked by elements of Expressionism, Schiele was heavily influenced by the work of
Gustav Klimt. He served as both a friend and a mentor, leading to Schiele’s focus on the
female figure.
Antoni Gaudi
Antoni Gaudí was an innovative architect who worked predominantly in Barcelona
where his Art Nouveau style filled the city. His work was inspired by nature and the
Catholic faith, with curved lines and vibrant surfaces that differed from typical
architectural styles.
Victor Horta
Victor Horta was one of the founders of Art Nouveau and known for expanding the
movement from visual and decorative arts into architecture. Horta’s work was marked
by his understanding of industrial advances with both iron and glass. His buildings
featured twisted and bent iron that extended seamlessly from the exterior to the decor.
Louis Comfort Tiffany
Louis Comfort Tiffany was the son of the famous jeweler Charles Lewis Tiffany. Though
initially trained in painting, in 1875 he began experimenting with stained glass, and went
on to establish his own glass making factory three years later.
Émile Gallé
Émile Gallé was a glass maker who founded the École de Nancy, a group dedicated to
expanding the reach of Art Nouveau, along with Louis Majorelle. His work was inspired
by nature and literature.
Louis Majorelle
Louis Majorelle co-founded the École de Nancy with Émile Gallé who was a mentor and
guide of his work. Before meeting Gallé, Majorelle’s work copied old style furniture,
often reviving old pieces.
FAUVISM
Fauvism is the name applied to the work produced by
a group of artists (which included Henri Matisse and
André Derain) from around 1905 to 1910, which is an
art movement that was established towards the
beginning of the 20th century. Characterized by its
bold colors, textured brushwork and non-naturalistic
depictions, the Fauvist style marked a seminal
moment in the early 20th century.
What did Fauvism focusing on?