Chapter Ii Review of Related Literature

CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter presents the review of related literature that are relevant to the
understanding and clarity of the topic being studied. These are based on the different
researches related to this study. Related studies provided the researchers with a basis for
the formulation of a conceptual framework.
Conceptual Framework
To design a multi-purpose evacuation center, there is a need to discuss the
important concepts, the guidelines and criteria. The conceptual framework is shown in
Figure 1 .
Guidelines
Criteria
Evacuation Center Specification
Design
Figure 1. Conceptual Framework

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Evacuation Center
Evacuation centers are usually large facilities that can accommodate
people in transition due to an emergency. Often they are in school gyms, churches,
or other community buildings that have room for people to sleep, usually on cots,
and have adequate bathroom facilities. Some evacuation centers will provide
laundry services, but not all do. There is some privacy (bathrooms and showers)
but there are usually no private rooms or secured areas. The centers are meant to
be temporary shelter. Meals are provided at all evacuation centers.
(https://asktheexpert.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/6132/~/evacuation-center---what-to-expect)
Emergency evacuation is the urgent immediate egress or escape of people
away from an area that contains an imminent threat, an ongoing threat or
a hazard to lives or property.
Examples range from the small-scale evacuation of a building due to a storm or
fire to the large-scale evacuation of a city because of a flood, bombardment or
approaching weather system. In situations involving hazardous materials or
possible contamination, evacuees may be decontaminated prior to being
transported out of the contaminated area.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_evacuation
An evacuation center is a place designed and constructed to protect people living in vicinity
during an emergency, especially during natural disasters such as typhoons, flooding, and
earthquake
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The level of occupant protection provided by a space specifically designed as a shelter is intended to be
much greater than the protection provided by buildings that comply with the minimum requirements of
building codes. The model building codes do not provide design and construction criteria for life safety for
sheltering, nor do they provide design criteria for withstanding strong hazardous events. The primary
difference in a building’s structural system when designed for use as an evacuation center or a community
shelter, versus conventional use, is the magnitude of the wind forces, amount of rainfall and the predicted
earthquakes it is designed to withstand, with consideration of the population in the vicinity it intends to
protect. The risk assessment to identify likely threats is a prerequisite practice to certify the need and design
criteria for community shelters. Events that might warrant a shelter include (but are not limited to): *
Natural events such as tornadoes, typhoons, earthquakes, tsunamis, etc.; * Public disturbances such as riots
and/or terrorism threats; or * Life threatening accidents such as the release of chemical or biological
contaminants. A collection of factors to be considered in the risk assessment process could include the type
of hazard event, probability of event occurrence, severity of the event, probable consequences of a hazard,
and a benefits/cost analysis of options.
Key Design Considerations:
* Reaction time (travel distance to refuge and activation time for emergency support systems). * Duration
of occupancy
* Privacy
* Security (secure storage, doors, locks, windows/view ports) * Isolation areas for ill or contaminated
occupants or equipment *
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Evacuation management
Criteria of an evacuation center
There
Organize your Review of Literature based on your framework. The first box is on
wireless technology so discuss studies on wireless technology first
Use citations in APA format
Definition of Terms (arrange alphabetically; define terms as used in the study)
Aggregates are ....
Concrete refers to -----

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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

the formulation of a conceptual framework.

To design a multi-purpose evacuation center, there is a need to discuss the

Evacuation Center Specification

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework

Evacuation centers are usually large facilities that can accommodate

be temporary shelter. Meals are provided at all evacuation centers.

Emergency evacuation is the urgent immediate egress or escape of people

away from an area that contains an imminent threat, an ongoing threat or

a hazard to lives or property.

Examples range from the small-scale evacuation of a building due to a storm or

fire to the large-scale evacuation of a city because of a flood, bombardment or

approaching weather system. In situations involving hazardous materials or

possible contamination, evacuees may be decontaminated prior to being

transported out of the contaminated area.

and a benefits/cost analysis of options.

Key Design Considerations:

Criteria of an evacuation center

wireless technology so discuss studies on wireless technology first

Use citations in APA format

Definition of Terms (arrange alphabetically; define terms as used in the study)

Aggregates are ....

Concrete refers to -----

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