™

Cambridge IGCSE

BUSINESS STUDIES 0450/11

*3929277729*

Paper 1 Short Answer and Data Response May/June 2021

1 hour 30 minutes

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

INSTRUCTIONS
• Answer all questions.
• Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
• Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
• Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
• Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
• Do not write on any bar codes.
• You may use a calculator.

INFORMATION
• The total mark for this paper is 80.
• The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].

This document has 12 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

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1 BKH is a large public limited company. It has 2 000 employees across 18 locations. BKH sells a
range of insurance products including house and car insurance. BKH’s shareholders want the
business to increase profit. The Managing Director knows increasing profit can conflict with the
objectives of other stakeholder groups. She said: ‘Private sector businesses have different objectives
to public sector organisations.’ BKH is also planning to expand by taking over another insurance
company.

(a) Define ‘public sector’.

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(b) Define ‘profit’.

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(c) Identify four ways to measure the size of a business.

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(d) Explain one way each stakeholder’s objectives might conflict with BKH’s objective to increase
profit.

Customers objective: ........................................................................................................

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How this objective might conflict: ......................................................................................

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Employees objective: ........................................................................................................

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How this objective might conflict: ......................................................................................

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(e) Do you think economies of scale are the most important reason for taking over another
business? Justify your answer.

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2 PJA make fashion clothing for 16-25 year olds. Many of its competitors are multinational companies.
PJA produce new products every 3 weeks. All PJA’s products are made in a local factory because
of import quotas. The Managing Director is reviewing PJA’s financial statements using ratio analysis.
An extract is shown in Table 2.1.

Table 2.1
Extract from PJA’s financial statements for 2020

Revenue ($m) 7 400

Gross profit ($m) 3 330

Profit ($m) 1 100

Current ratio 1.5

Return on Capital Employed (ROCE) 8%

(a) Define ‘import quota’.

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(b) Calculate PJA’s gross profit margin.

Show your working.

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(c) Outline one benefit and one limitation to PJA of developing new products.

Benefit: .............................................................................................................................

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Limitation: .........................................................................................................................

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(d) Explain two ways PJA’s managers can use ratio analysis.

Way 1: ...............................................................................................................................

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Explanation: ......................................................................................................................

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Way 2: ...............................................................................................................................

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Explanation: ......................................................................................................................

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(e) Do you think multinational companies always benefit the countries they operate in? Justify
your answer.

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3 Alex started APB as a sole trader business 4 years ago. APB provide printing services for local
businesses such as leaflets and brochures. Alex thinks having a good location is important to any
business. All APB’s 6 employees receive on-the-job training. Alex has a democratic leadership
style and uses job rotation to help keep employees motivated. To meet an increase in demand,
Alex plans to buy an additional printing machine. This will cost $1 800. Alex has to decide on an
appropriate source of finance.

(a) Define ‘job rotation’.

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(b) State two factors that a service sector business should consider when deciding where to
locate.

Factor 1: ...........................................................................................................................

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(c) Outline one advantage and one disadvantage to APB of using on-the-job training.

Advantage: .......................................................................................................................

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Disadvantage: ...................................................................................................................

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(d) Explain one advantage and one disadvantage of Alex having a democratic leadership style.

Advantage: .......................................................................................................................

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Explanation: ......................................................................................................................

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Disadvantage: ...................................................................................................................

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Explanation: ......................................................................................................................

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(e) Do you think the amount of money needed is the most important factor for a sole trader to
consider when deciding on an appropriate source of finance? Justify your answer.

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4 Economic growth in country X has created many opportunities for new businesses such as TGH.
TGH manufacture a range of personalised mobile (cell) phone cases using job production. Quality
assurance is important to all 8 employees. TGH operate in a niche market. The Marketing Manager
uses e-commerce as TGH’s channel of distribution. She is considering ways to build customer
relationships.

(a) Define ‘economic growth’.

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(b) Define ‘quality assurance’.

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(c) Outline two reasons why building customer relationships might be important to TGH.

Reason 1: .........................................................................................................................

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(d) Explain one advantage and one disadvantage to TGH of using job production.

Advantage: .......................................................................................................................

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Explanation: ......................................................................................................................

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Disadvantage: ...................................................................................................................

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Explanation: ......................................................................................................................

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(e) Do you think cost-plus is the best pricing method for a new business to use when selling
products to a niche market? Justify your answer.

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