MIT GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS

(Affiliated to Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University , Lucknow)

IT SKILL PROJECT
LAB CODE: KMBN-151

MBA SEMESTER- I
SESSION:- 2022-2023

Submitted to:
Mr. ABHINAV GUPTA
(Assistant professor)

Submitted By:-
SHANI KUMAR
 INDEX

SR. NO TOPICS PAGE NO.

1. HARDWARE 3-5

2. SOFTWARE 6-8

3. NETWORK AND INTERNET 9-13

4. WINDOWS AND USER INTERFACE 14-15

5. WINDOW SETTING 16

6. WORD PROCESSING 17

7. SPREADSHEET 18-20

8. FUNCTIONS IN SPREADSHEET 21-22

9. PRESENTATION SOFTWARE 23-24

10. FORMATING AND EDITING IN THE SOFTWARE 25-27

1. HARDWARE
A computer's hardware consists of its physical parts, including its internal pieces and connected
external devices. Hardware components perform a computer's tasks like calculating data,
storing information, processing input, and providing output. Any part of a computer that you
can physically touch is hardware.

All hardware devices, whether internal or external, include chips on a circuit board to perform a
function. All hardware also requires a way to interface with the rest of the computer, usually by
connecting to a port, socket, or wireless radio. After that, pieces of hardware will include other
parts that help them fulfill their function, like buttons, sensors, protective cases, or even cooling
fans to prevent overheating.
Computer hardware can be categorized as being either internal or
external components.
INTERNAL COMPONENTS -:
Internal components collectively process or store the instructions delivered by the
program or operating system (OS) these include the following.

Motherboard.
This is a printed circuit board that holds the central processing unit (CPU) and other
essential internal hardware and functions as the central hub that all other hardware
components run through.

CPU.
The CPU is the brain of the computer that processes and executes digital instructions
from various programs; its clock speed determines the computer's performance and
efficiency in processing data.

RAM.
RAM or dynamic RAM -- is temporary memory storage that makes information
immediately accessible to programs; RAM is volatile memory, so stored data is cleared
when the computer powers off.
External hardware components-:
Also called peripheral components, are those items that are often externally connected to
the computer to control either input or output functions. These hardware devices are
designed to either provide instructions to the software (input) or render results from its
execution (output).

Mouse.
A mouse is a hand-held pointing device that moves a cursor around a computer screen
and enables interaction with objects on the screen. It may be wired or wireless.
Keyboard.
A keyboard is an input device featuring a standard QWERTY keyset that enables users
to input text, numbers or special characters.

Microphone.
A microphone is a device that translates sound waves into electrical signals and supports
computer-based audio communications.

Touchpad.
A touchpad is an input device, external or built into a laptop, used to control the pointer
on a display screen. It is typically an alternative to an external mouse.
USB flash drive.
A USB flash drive is an external, removable storage device that uses flash memory and
interfaces with a computer through a USB port.
 2. SOFTWARE

Software, instructions that tell a computer what to do. Software comprises the entire set
of programs, procedures, and routines associated with the operation of a computer
system. The term was coined to differentiate these instructions from hardware—i.e., the
physical components of a computer system. A set of instructions that directs a computer’s
hardware to perform a task is called a program, or software program.
The two main types of software are system software and application software. System
software controls a computer’s internal functioning, chiefly through an operating
system, and also controls such peripherals as monitors, printers, and storage
devices. Application software, by contrast, directs the computer to execute commands
given by the user and may be said to include any program that processes data for a user.
Application software thus includes word processors, spreadsheets, database management,
inventory and payroll programs, and many other “applications.” A third software
category is that of network software, which coordinates communication between the
computers linked in a network.
 TYPES OF SOFTWARE

1. System software
If you think of software as being in layers, the system software is the bottom layer: it sits
between the hardware and the application software.
Operating systems like Windows, macOS, Android and iOS are examples of system
software. Operating systems are loaded into RAM when the device starts up, and have
access to the hard drive.
2. Utility software

Utility software is part of the system software and performs specific tasks to keep the
computer running. Utility software is always running in the background. Examples of
utility software are security and optimization programs.
Security programs include anti-virus software that scans and removes viruses. Most
computers will include some sort of anti-virus software, but you can add your own.
Optimization programs can include tools for system clean-up, disk defragmentation, and
file compression. These tools are typically installed as part of the operating system. They
have access to the hard drive to keep it tidy.

3. Application software

This is everything else! Anything that is not an operating system or a utility is an

application or app. So a word processor, spreadsheet, web browser, and graphics software
are all examples of application software, and they can do many specific tasks.
You can remove and add applications on your computer using the operating system.
Application software like a word processor regularly directs the operating system to load
and save files from and to the hard drive. When you are working on a file, it is saved
temporarily in the RAM. It is only when you choose to save it that it is written to the hard
drive.
This is why, if the computer crashes while you’re working on a file, you may lose any
changes you didn’t save. Data stored in the RAM is volatile. The data is lost when the
RAM loses power.
 3. NETWORK AND INTERNET

What is a Network?

The network is two or more connected computer which can share resource like a printer,
an internet connection, application, etc. It is a collection of computer systems and devices
which are linked together using a wireless network or via communication devices and
transmission media.
The network provides connectivity between computers and devices within a restricted
range where only one entity is controlled or authorized to manage the entire system.

What is the Internet?

The Internet (Interconnected Network) is a global system which use TCP/IP protocol
suite to link various types of electric devices worldwide. The internet is a collection of
interconnected devices which are spread across the globe.
It is a network of networks that consist of public, private, public, sales, finance,
academic, business and government networks.
The internet is a type of network and called network of networks.
 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN NETWORK AND INTERNET

S.NO Network Internet

Network is defined as the Whereas internet is the

group of two or more computer interrelationship of a few
1. systems. networks.

The coverage of network is

limited in comparison of While it covers large
2. internet. geographical area.

It provides the link between

many computers and network- While it provide connection
3. enabled devices. among many networks.

The types of network are:

LAN, MAN, WAN, CAN and Whereas the types of
4. HAM. internet is world wide web.

Through network, hundreds or

a few thousands of computer While through internet,
system can linked millions of computer system
5. simultaneously. can linked simultaneously.

It requires less number of While it requires various

6. hardware devices. hardware devices.
 TYPES OF NETWORK

LAN(Local Area Network)

Local Area Network is a group of computers connected to each other in a small area such
as building, office.
LAN is used for connecting two or more personal computers through a communication
medium such as twisted pair, coaxial cable, etc.
It is less costly as it is built with inexpensive hardware such as hubs, network adapters,
and internet cables.
MAN(Metropolitan Area Network)
A metropolitan area network is a network that covers a larger geographic area by
interconnecting a different LAN to form a larger network.
Government agencies use MAN to connect to the citizens and private industries.
In MAN, various LANs are connected to each other through a telephone exchange line.
It has a higher range than Local Area Network (LAN).

WAN(Wide Area Network)

A Wide Area Network is a network that extends over a large geographical area such as
states or countries.
A Wide Area Network is quite bigger network than the LAN.
A Wide Area Network is not limited to a single location, but it spans over a large
geographical area through a telephone line, fiber optic cable or satellite links.
The internet is one of the biggest WAN in the world.
A Wide Area Network is widely used in the field of Business, government, and
education.
 INTERNET

Generally speaking, the Internet may be used to exchange information with people all
over the world, communicate across great distances, and locate information or answers
fast on almost any subject.
Here are some examples of specific uses for the Internet:
Using social media and content sharing.
Instant messaging, video conferencing, Internet Relay Chat (IRC), Internet telephony,
and email are all examples of electronic communication. These all are used through the
Internet.
Access to online degree programs, courses, and workshops for education and self-
improvement.
Searching for jobs: To advertise available positions, submit job applications, and hire
candidates identified on social networking sites like LinkedIn, both employers and
applicants use the Internet.
 4. WINDOWS ANS USER INTERFACE

The user interface (UI) is the point of human-computer interaction and communication in
a device. This can include display screens, keyboards, a mouse and the appearance of
a desktop.
It is also the way through which a user interacts with an application or a website.
The growing dependence of many businesses on web applications and mobile
applications has led many companies to place increased priority on UI in an effort to
improve the user's overall experience.

Types of user interfaces

The various types of user interfaces include:

-Graphical user interface (GUI)
-Command line interface (CLI)
-Menu-driven user interface
-Touch user interface
-Voice user interface (VUI)
-Form based user interface
 WINDOWS

Windows is a desktop operating system developed by Microsoft. For the past three
decades, Windows has been the most popular operating system for personal computers.
Each version of Windows comes with a graphical user interface that includes a desktop
with icons and a task bar that is displayed at the bottom of the screen by default. The
Windows "File Explorer" allows users to open multiple windows, browse folders, and
open files and applications. Most Windows versions include a Start menu, which
provides quick access to files, settings, and the Windows search feature.
 5. WINDOW SETTING

Windows Settings (formerly PC settings) is a component of Microsoft Windows. It

allows users to adjust their user preferences, configure their operating system, and
manage their connected devices. Microsoft introduced Settings with Windows Server
2012 and Windows 8, and initially intended it to replace the Windows Control Panel,
something that has not happened after a decade.
The Settings app exposed a very small portion of Windows Control Panel's functionality.
Over time, however, it has become the sole user interface and control point for Windows
Update (removed from Control Panel) and Windows Hello (never added to Control
Panel.) The app categorizes its settings by function, just as the Control Panel did
since Windows XP. Unlike the Control Panel, however, it does not offer a unified mode
in which the bulk of all available settings assail the app window in a contextually
haphazard fashion.
 6. WORD PROCESSING

Word processing is the process of creating and editing documents on a computer. It

allows a user to create documents that mimic the format and style of a typical typewriter.
It requires a computer and word processing software. A printer may also be used to create
a physical copy of the document.
Word processing is one of the earliest and most commonly used types of computer
software. In fact, word processing software is often cited as a major factor in the launch
the personal computer industry. This software did such a great job of automating
processes that had previously been performed by a dedicated machine (in this case a
typewriter) that this type of software helped bring personal computers into the households
of regular people, rather than just businesses.

Even today, word processors reflect their history as digital typewriters. They display a
sheet of paper on the screen, which captures user input from the keyboard. The user can
select different font styles, sizes, colors and many different customizations. And, unlike
manual word processing, the digital variety is much faster and more flexible.
 7. SPREADSHEET

A spreadsheet is a computer application that is designed to add, display, analyze,

organize, and manipulate data arranged in rows and columns. It is the most popular
application for accounting, analytics, data presentation, etc. Or in other words,
spreadsheets are scalable grid-based files that are used to organize data and perform
calculations. People all across the world use spreadsheets to create tables for personal and
business usage. You can also use the tool’s features and formulas to help you make sense
of your data. You could, for example, track data in a spreadsheet and see sums,
differences, multiplication, division, and fill dates automatically, among other things.
Microsoft Excel, Google sheets, Apache open office, Libro office, etc are some
spreadsheet software. Among all these software, Microsoft Excel is the most commonly
used spreadsheet tool and it is available for Windows, macOS, Android, etc.
A collection of spreadsheets is known as a workbook. Every Excel file is called a
workbook. Every time when you start a new project in Excel, you’ll need to create a new
workbook. There are several methods for getting started with an Excel workbook. To
create a new worksheet or access an existing one, you can either start from scratch or
utilize a pre-designed template.
A single Excel worksheet is a tabular spreadsheet that consists of a matrix of rectangular
cells grouped in rows and columns. It has a total of 1,048,576 rows and 16,384 columns,
resulting in 17,179,869,184 cells on a single page of a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet where
you may write, modify, and manage your data.
In the same way as a file or a book is made up of one or more worksheets that contain
various types of related data, an Excel workbook is made up of one or more worksheets.
You can also create and save an endless number of worksheets. The major purpose is to
collect all relevant data in one place, but in many categories (worksheet).
 FEATURES OF SPREADSHEET

1. Rows and columns: Rows and columns are two distinct features in a spreadsheet that
come together to make a cell, a range, or a table. In general, columns are the vertical
portion of an excel worksheet, and there can be 256 of them in a worksheet, whereas
rows are the horizontal portion, and there can be 1048576 of them.

The color light green is used to highlight Row 3 while the color green is used to highlight
Column B. Each column has 1048576 rows and each row has 256 columns.
2. Formulas: In spreadsheets, formulas process data automatically. It takes data from the
specified area of the spreadsheet as input then processes that data, and then displays the
output into the new area of the spreadsheet according to where the formula is written. In
Excel, we can use formulas simply by typing “=Formula Name(Arguments)” to use
predefined Excel formulas. When you write the first few characters of any formula, Excel
displays a drop-down menu of formulas that match that character sequence. Some of the
commonly used formulas are:
3. Function: In spreadsheets, the function uses a specified formula on the input and
generates output. Or in other words, functions are created to perform complicated math
problems in spreadsheets without using actual formulas. For example, you want to find
the total of the numeric data present in the column then use the SUM function instead of
adding all the values present in the column.

Use of Spreadsheets
The use of Spreadsheets is endless. It is generally used with anything that contains
numbers. Some of the common use of spreadsheets are:
Finance: Spreadsheets are used for financial data like it is used for checking account
information, taxes, transaction, billing, budgets, etc.
Forms: Spreadsheet is used to create form templates to manage performance review,
timesheets, surveys, etc.
School and colleges: Spreadsheets are most commonly used in schools and colleges to
manage student’s data like their attendance, grades, etc.
Lists: Spreadsheets are also used to create lists like grocery lists, to-do lists, contact
detail, etc.
Hotels: Spreadsheets are also used in hotels to manage the data of their customers like
their personal information, room numbers, check-in date, check-out date, etc.
 8. FUNCTIONS IN SPREADSHEET

A function is a predefined formula that performs calculations using specific values in a

particular order. All spreadsheet programs include common functions that can be used for
quickly finding the sum, average, count, maximum value, and minimum value for a
range of cells. In order to use functions correctly, you'll need to understand the
different parts of a function and how to create arguments to calculate values and cell
references.
Watch the video below to learn more about using functions in Excel.
The parts of a function
In order to work correctly, a function must be written a specific way, which is called
the syntax. The basic syntax for a function is an equals sign (=), the function
name (SUM, for example), and one or more arguments. Arguments contain the
information you want to calculate. The function in the example below would add the
values of the cell range A1:A20.

Arguments can refer to both individual cells and cell ranges and must be enclosed
within parentheses. You can include one argument or multiple arguments, depending on
the syntax required for the function.
Submit

Let's

Using functions
There are a variety of functions. Here are some of the most common functions you'll use:
SUM: This function adds all the values of the cells in the argument.
AVERAGE: This function determines the average of the values included in the
argument. It calculates the sum of the cells and then divides that value by the number of
cells in the argument.
COUNT: This function counts the number of cells with numerical data in the argument.
This function is useful for quickly counting items in a cell range.
MAX: This function determines the highest cell value included in the argument.
MIN: This function determines the lowest cell value included in the argument.
 9. PRESENTATION SOFTWARE

Presentation software is a category of application software that is specifically designed to

allow users to create a presentation of ideas by stringing together text, images and
audio/video. The presentation tells a story or supports speech or the presentation of
information.
Presentation software can be divided into business presentation software and general
multimedia authoring software, but most presentation software applications already
provide tools that allow users to create both professional-looking business presentations
and general multimedia presentations.
Presentation software is also known as a presentation program.
 PRESENTATION SOFTWARE USES

Presentation software is generally used for creating slideshows that display information.
The software has three main components:
Text editor for inputting and formatting text.
Facility for inserting graphics and other multimedia files.
Slideshow system for displaying the content.
Before the advent of presentation software, presenters commonly used an easel to hold
posters that contained illustrations to support the report or a slide projector to display
graphics printed on a transparent plastic film. These methods were inflexible; for
example, changing small things in the printed materials used could result in mismatched
graphics or illustrations, sometimes requiring redoing the entire thing. With presentation
software, not only authoring but also correcting illustrations can be done easily.
Microsoft's PowerPoint and Apple's Keynote are two of the best-known commercial
presentation software applications in the market.
10. FORMATTING AND EDITING IN THE SOFTWARE

Once you have typed your text into Microsoft Word, you will probably want to edit and
format your document to make it more appealing.
The best thing about Word is that it highlights any errors that you have made, whether it
is a typo, a misspelling, or a grammar error.
Some errors will be automatically corrected as you type. For instance, if you type the
word 'examplel', Word will correct it for you automatically.
Thanks to the auto-correct feature in the program, you might not even realize that you
had made an error.

Spelling and Grammar Checking in MS Word

After you have finished typing a document, it is recommended that you use the spelling
and grammar check features. There are two ways you can do this.
You can right-click on the underlined word or phrase and check on the given suggestions,
then select the correct one.
You can use the spelling and grammar tool. Click on Tools and then select Spelling and
Grammar. This tool comes in handy when you need to spell check a lot of text. You can
look through the list of suggested words for the appropriate corrections.
You can ignore words that are not in the dictionary. You also have the option of adding
words to the dictionary.
Formatting a Word Document
You can format your document and make changes to the font, font style, font colour and
font size.
To format any text, you must select it first. Text can be selected or highlighted using the
following methods.
Click at the beginning of your text, hold down the left mouse button and then drag to the
end of your text.
Click at the beginning of your text. While holding down the shift key, move using the
right arrow key until you reach the end of your text. You can use the down arrow to move
to another sentence.
Click the beginning of your text, hold down the shift key, and then click at the end of
your text.
To select one word, double-click on it.
To select a whole paragraph, triple-click it.
To select a whole document, click on its margin three times.
Click on Edit and then select All or hold down the CTRL key, and then press A.
Background Formatting in MS Word

Word allows you to set a nice background to your document. To do this, go to Format,
and then select the background.
You can choose a plain colour for your background or go crazy and mix your own
colours using the fill effects option.
Under the fill effects, you have a variety of options under gradient, texture, pattern or
picture.
For the gradient, you can make use of one colour (you can make it darker or lighter), two
colours (you choose any two colours you want) or presets (colour patterns already saved
on your computer).
I recommend that you play around with the different shading styles as much as you can.
This will be the best way to learn.
For texture, pattern and picture, you can just select the one you want.