Paraphrase, Quote and summarize-CS2

PARAPHRASE-QUOTE -SUMMARIZE
Paraphrase
1. Steps and ways to paraphrase
 Reread.
 Write your thoughts down.
 Write a key word or phrase about the subject.
 Check your ideas to the original piece. And use quotation marks to show
where you copied exactly.
 (Some academic methods could be by, synonyms, passive and active and
restructuring the sentence by coordinating or subordinating conjunctions.
Method Number 1: Using Synonyms

Synonyms are different words that have the same meaning. For example, ‘humans’
is a synonym of ‘people’ and ‘attractive’ is a synonym of ‘beautiful’. This method
simply replaces words with the same meaning in order to produce a new sentence.
For example:
My car needs petrol.
My vehicle requires fuel.
Method Number 2: Change from Active to Passive

The passive voice is often used in academic writing and can therefore be used in
the IELTS academic writing test. Only verbs with an object can be turned into the
passive.
For example:
Active: The property developers invested $20 million in the development of the
shopping centre.
Passive: $20 million was invested in the development of shopping centres.
Method Number 3 Restructuring the sentence by coordinating or subordinating

conjunctions.
 Subordination
Polar bears are cute. The mothers are dangerous sometimes.
Although Polar bears are cute mothers are dangerous sometimes.
 Coordination
I really disliked that teacher, yet I still want to take her class. (5 Quick Steps of
Paraphrasing, 2016)
2. Paraphrasing Sentences example:
 Here are some sentences and passages paraphrased.

o Original: Her life spanned years of incredible change for women.
o Paraphrase: Mary lived through an era of liberating reform for
women.
o Original: Giraffes like Acacia leaves and hay and they can consume
75 pounds of food a day.
o Paraphrase: A giraffe can eat up to 75 pounds of Acacia leaves and
hay every day.
o Original Passage:
In The Sopranos, the mob is besieged as much by inner infidelity as it is by
the federal government. Early in the series, the greatest threat to Tony's Family is
his own biological family. One of his closest associates turns witness for the FBI,
his mother colludes with his uncle to contract a hit on Tony, and his kids click
through Web sites that track the federal crackdown in Tony's gangland.
o Paraphrased Passage:
In the first season of The Sopranos, Tony Soprano’s mobster activities are
more threatened by members of his biological family than by agents of the federal
government. This familial betrayal is multi-pronged. Tony’s closest friend and
associate is an FBI informant, his mother and uncle are conspiring to have him
killed, and his children are surfing the Web for information about his activities.
(Examples, n.d.)
Quote
1. How to Use Quotation
Use quotes for short amounts of information. Unless you have a very good reason
to use a longer quote, you should usually limit quotes to 1 sentence or less.
 Don’t quote too often.
 Usually, I ask students to use no more than 1 quote for every 2 pages of a
paper.
 Make sure you include author tag (who said it and where), or a parenthetical
citation (or footnote).
 Explain why this quote helps prove your idea. Don't assume the quote will
make your point. Tell the reader why this quote helps your argument.
2. Include a quote in your own sentence. Don’t just put the quote on its own in
your paper without putting it in your own sentence(Examples of Summary,
Quotation and Paraphrase, 2016).
Correct: As Shakespeare said, "Neither a borrower nor a lender be."
Incorrect: "Neither a borrower nor a lender be."
WRITING A SUMMARY
A summary is condensed version of a larger reading. A summary is not a rewrite

of the original piece and does not have to be long nor should it be long. To write a
summary, use your own words to express briefly the main idea and relevant details
of the piece you have read. Your purpose in writing the summary is to give the
basic ideas of the original reading. What was it about and what did the author want
to communicate? While reading the original work, take note of what or who is the
focus and ask the usual questions that reporters use: Who? What? When? Where?
Why? How? Using these questions to examine what you are reading can help you
to write the summary. Sometimes, the central idea of the piece is stated in the
introduction or first paragraph, and the supporting ideas of this central idea are
presented one by one in the following paragraphs.
Four helpful rules of summary writing:
 Collapse lists
o If you see a list of things, try to think of a word or phrase as a name
for the whole list.
o For example, if you saw a list like eyes, ears, neck, arms and legs, you
could substitute 'body parts.' Or if you saw a list like ice skating,
skiing and sledding, you could use 'winter sports.'
 Use topic sentences

o Often authors write a sentence that summarizes a whole paragraph. It
is called a topic sentence or a main idea.
o Some paragraphs do not have explicit topic sentences or main ideas.
You may have to invent one for your summary.
 Get rid of unnecessary detail

o Some text information can be repeated in a passage. The same thing
can be said in a number of different ways, all in the same passage.
o Other text information can be unimportant or trivial.
o Since summaries are meant to be short, you should delete trivia and
redundancies.
 Collapse paragraphs
o Paragraphs are often related to one another.
o Some paragraphs explain one or more other paragraphs. Other
paragraphs just expand on information presented in previous
paragraphs. Some are more necessary or important than others.
o Decide which paragraphs should be kept, which can be deleted and
which can be joined with others.
Bibliography
Examples. (n.d.). Retrieved 12 1, 2016, from yourdictionary:

http://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-paraphrasing.html
Examples of Summary, Quotation and Paraphrase. ( 2016, May 14). Retrieved
from LETTERPILE: https://letterpile.com/writing/Examples-of-Summary-
Quotation-and-Paraphrase
PURDUE ONLINE WRITING LAB. (n.d.). Retrieved 12 1, 2016, from
owl.english.purdue: https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/
5 Quick Steps of Paraphrasing. (2016, sepetember 20). Retrieved from prezi:

https://prezi.com/b_a4fmwdgxsg/5-quick-steps-of-paraphrasing/

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PARAPHRASE-QUOTE -SUMMARIZE

1. Steps and ways to paraphrase

Method Number 1: Using Synonyms

Method Number 2: Change from Active to Passive

Method Number 3 Restructuring the sentence by coordinating or subordinating

2. Paraphrasing Sentences example:

 Here are some sentences and passages paraphrased.

1. How to Use Quotation

A summary is condensed version of a larger reading. A summary is not a rewrite

Four helpful rules of summary writing:

 Use topic sentences

 Get rid of unnecessary detail

Examples. (n.d.). Retrieved 12 1, 2016, from yourdictionary:

5 Quick Steps of Paraphrasing. (2016, sepetember 20). Retrieved from prezi:

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