Thesis Pre Reading Plan

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PREP (PRE – READING PLAN)
STRATEGY TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ READING

COMPREHENSION
THESIS
Submitted as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the

Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan (S.Pd)
By
Name : Irawati Yuliasari

NIM : 2014850031
ENGLISH EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM

FACULTY OF EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF JAKARTA
2018
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF JAKARTA
FACULTY OF EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES
ENGLISH EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM
Thesis July 2018

Irawati Yuliasari (2014850031)
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PREP (PRE-READING PLAN) STRATEGY

TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION
xvii + 59 pages, 7 tables, 2 diagrams, 10 appendices
ABSTRACT
The objective of this study is to know the effectiveness of Pre-Reading

Plan (PREP) to Improve Students‟ Reading Comprehension at the tenth
grade students of SMAN 12 South Tangerang. This study used
quantitative method with quasi-experimental design by implementing the
design of pre-test and post-test. In this study, the writer used one class as
the sample with total number of 37 students. The data was collected by
giving pre-test and post-test as the instruments. Then, it was analyzed by
using t-test. The findings showed that the students‟ post-test scores
(74,86) was higher than their pre-test scores (55.14). By using t-test, the
result of t0 15.02 and ttable with degrees of freedom (df) 36. From the result
of calculation that students average scores in the post-test was higher
than the pre-test. Then, statistical calculation showed that the results using
Pre-Reading Plan strategy was greater than those before Pre-Reading
Strategy used. This finding reveals that Pre-Reading Plan is effective
strategy to improve students‟ reading comprehension.
Keywords : Pre-Reading Plan (PREP) Strategy, Reading Comprehension,

Effectiveness
References 20 (2000 – 2016)
ii
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH JAKARTA
FAKULTAS ILMU PENDIDIKAN
PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN BAHASA INGGRIS
Skripsi July 2018

Irawati Yuliasari (2014850031)
EFEKTIFITAS PREP STRATEGI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN

KEMAMPUAN PEMAHAMAN MEMBACA SISWA
xvii + 59 halaman, 10 tabel, 2 diagram, 10 lampiran
ABSTRAK
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas PREP
strategi untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Pemahaman Membaca Siswa di
kelas sepuluh SMA Negri 12 Tangerang Selatan. Penelitian ini
menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan desain quasi-experimental
dengan menerapkan desain pre-test dan posttest. Dalam penelitian ini,
penulis memakai 1 kelas sebagai sample dengan total siswa adalah 37
siswa. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan memberikan pre-test dan
post-test sebagai instrumen. Hasil dari penelitian ini sudah dihitung
menggunakan t-test. Temuannya menunjukan bahwa hasil post-test siswa
(74,86) lebih tinggi dari hasil pre-test (55.14). Dengan menggunakan t-test,
hasil dari t0 (15.02) dengan degrees of freedom (df) 36. Dari hasil
perhitungan nilai rata-rata siswa pada pos-test lebih tinggi dari pada pre-
test. Maka perhitungan statistik menunjukan hasil menggunakan PREP
strategy lebih besar dari pada sebelum digunakan PREP strategy.
Temuan ini mengungkap bahwa Pre-Reading Plan (PREP) strategi yang
efektif untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pemahaman membaca siswa.
Kata kunci : Pre-Reading Plan (PREP) Strategy, Pemahaman Membaca,

Efektifitas
Daftar Pustaka 20 (2000 – 2016)
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DEDICATION
I dedicated my thesis to
My beloved father and mother
My beloved family
My beloved friends
Thank you so much for your love and
support.
MOTTO
ix
“Allah + Dreams + Hard
Work + Dedication =
Success”
x
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful.
Praised to Allah Swt, Lord of the world, who has given mercy and
blessing to the writer in finishing this thesis. Shalawat is also sent to
Prophet Muhammad SAW, His family, His companion, and His adherence.
This thesis is presented to English Education Program, Faculty of

Educational Sciences, Muhammadiyah University of Jakarta in order to
fulfill one of the requirements for English Bachelor Degree (S.pd). The
writer would like to thank to Allah SWT who has given health, knowledge,
patience, and strength so that the writer was able to finish this thesis well.
The writer also would like to express her thanks and gratitude to her
beloved parents, Madhasan and Siti Romlah who always give support,
motivation, moral and material encouragement to finish her study.
The writer also would like to address her great honor and attitude to
her thesis advisor, Lidiyatul Izzah, M,Pd, who has guided and supported
her along her thesis writing. Her appreciation and gratitude also go to:
1. Dr. Iswan, M.Si., as the Dean of Faculty of Educational Sciences;

2. Zaitun, M.Pd., as the Head of English Education Department;
3. All lecturers in English Department for teaching her precious
knowledge and giving wonderful study experiences;
4. Syamsudin M.Pd as the headmaster of SMAN 12 South Tangerang
who has given the writer permission in doing the research.
5. Her best friends Leni Wijaya and Harvianti Pratiwi who always help
me and give their motivation.
6. Her best friends Fita Oktawiani Lestari, Ninda Deviana, Zyandra
Bunga Larissa, Nadya Yunia, Retno Safitri, Faisal Bakri, and Beniko
Rabanni who always help me and give their motivation and
information.
xi
7. Her best friends Indra Suhendra, Aulia Angraeni, Risma Nurjayanti
who make me smile and forget the pain.
8. All of her friends in A class English Education Department
academic year 2014, Zytha Mutiara, Amalia Sabrina, Anita Yahya,
Rachma Indah, Azki Shintia, Putri Fachri, Hafsah Sundusiah, Nur
Aisyah, Intan Anggraini, Laras Listiani, Lisa Rachma, Mawada
Awliah, Andi Christina, Mursyeeda, Shelawati Rizqiningsih, Yeni
Putri, Abdul Wasyit, Alkoni Mahesa, Iskandar Balad, Basyir Alby,
Putri Nurahmah. M Sayful Husada
9. All people that the writer can‟t mention one by one, who have been
give motivation, help and support for the writer to finish this thesis.
The words are not enough to appreciate for their help and contribution
to this thesis. May Allah bless them for all of what they have done. The
writer realize that this thesis is still far from being perfect. Thus, comments
and suggestions are welcome to the improvement of this thesis. Hopefully,
the presence of this thesis can be useful for the readers.
Jakarta, 11 Agustus 2018
The writer
IRAWATI YULIASARI
NIM. 2014850031
xii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT .................................................................................... i
ABSTRAK .................................................................................... ii
APPROVAL SHEET .......................................................................... iii
BOARD OF EXAMINERS APPROVAL ............................................. iv
ENDORSEMENT SHEET .................................................................. v
PAKTA INTEGRITAS ........................................................................ vi
PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI ILMIAH ..................... vii
DEDICATION .................................................................................... viii
MOTTO…........ .................................................................................. ix
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................. x
TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................... xii
LIST OF TABEL ................................................................................ xv
LIST OF DIAGRAM ........................................................................... xvi
LIST OF APPENDICES ..................................................................... xvii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ........................................................ 1
A. Background of the Study ...................................... 1
B. Identification of the Problem ................................. 6
C. Limitation of the Problem ...................................... 7
D. Problem of the Study ............................................ 7
E. The Objective of the Study ...................................
F. Significance of the Study ......................................

xiii
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW
A. The Description of the Data .................................. 9
1. .......................................................................... Readi
ng ..................................................................... 9
a. The Definition of Reading .......................... 13
b. The Purpose of Reading ............................ 14
c. Reading Strategies .................................... 14
d. Parts of Reading ........................................ 16
e. Types of Reading ....................................... 17
2. Reading Comprehension.................................. 18
a. .................................................................... Definit
ion of Reading comprehension .............. 18
b. .................................................................... Teach
ing Reading Comprehension ................. 20
3. Pre-Reading Plan (PREP) strategy .................. 22
a. .................................................................... Definit
ion of PREP Strategy ................................ 22
b. .................................................................... Goals
of PREP strategy ...................................... 23
c. .................................................................... Kinds
of PREP Strategy...................................... 24
d. .................................................................... The
Phases of PREP Strategy ......................... 27
xiv
e. .................................................................... The
Steps of PREP Strategy ........................... 29
f. ..................................................................... The
Advantages of PREP Strategy .................. 29
B. Theoretical Framework ......................................... 30
C. Hypothesis of The Study ..................................... 32
CHAPTER III METHODS AND PROCEDURES
A. Time and Place of the Study ................................ 33
B. Method of the Study ............................................. 33
C. Operational Definition of Variables ....................... 35
D. Population and Sample ........................................ 36
E. Technique of Collecting the Data ......................... 37
F. Technique of Analyzing Data................................ 41
CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND INTERPRETATION
B. Finding ................................................................. 45
1. ........................................................................... The
Description of the Data ..................................... 45
D. The Results of Students‟ Pre-Test Score ... 49
E. The Result of Students‟ Post-Test Score ... 50
2. ........................................................................... The
Analysis of the Data ......................................... 53
C. interpretation ....................................................... 56
xv
CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
A. Conclusions .......................................................... 58
B. Suggestions.......................................................... 58
REFERENCES .................................................................................. 60
APPENDICES
xvi
LIST OF TABLES
Table 3.1 Quasi-Experimental Design ............................................ 35
Table 3.2 Sample of The Study ...................................................... 37
Table 3.3 Criteria of Students‟ score Reading Comprehension ...... 41
Table 4.1 The Score of Pre-test and Post-test ................................ 46
Table 4.2 Criteria of Students‟ Pre-test Reading Comprehension .. 49
Table 4.3 Pre-test Reading Comprehension Result Chart .............. 50
Table 4.4 Students‟ Posttest Result ................................................ 50
xvii
LIST OF DIAGRAMS
Diagram 4.1 Pre-test Reading Comprehension Result Chart .......... 51
Diagram 4.2 Post-test Reading Comprehension Result Chart ........ 52
xviii
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix 1 Lesson Plan
Appendix 2 Pre-Test Reading Comprehension
Appendix 3 Post-Test Reading Comprehension
Appendix 4 Letter Of University
Appendix 5 Letter Of School
Appendix 6 Guidance Consultant Letter
Appendix 7 Witnessed Thesis Examination
Appendix 8 Letter of Validation
Appendix 9 Photos
Appendix 10 Curriculum Vitae
xix
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study

Language is a system for expressing meaning. Its primary
function is for interaction and communication. Language is used by
human for knowing and understanding each other. As we know that
God created human in different condition and character, so they
need to interact among people. Allah has explained this instruction
in the Quran at Surah Al-Hujarat [10] :
“O mankind, We have created you from male and female;
and We have divided you into tribes and sub-tribes for greater
facility of intercourse. Verily, the most honored among you in the
sight of Allah is he who is the most righteous among you. Surely,
Allah is All Knowing, All Aware.” [QS; Al- Hujurat : 10].
From the verse above, it shows that people have been
instructed by Allah to build a friendship between each other, in
various differences: sex, tribe, country, and language. As a foreign
language in Indonesia, English is learned seriously by many people
to have a good prospect in the community of international world.
1
English is an important consideration for companies in the employs
recruitment. Since it is important, English is taught widely at formal
school starting from elementary school up to universities; even at
informal school i.e. courses.
Indonesian students in a school have to learn English as one
of the target languages. They need to learn both language skills
and also language components. Language skills are listening,
reading, speaking, and writing. Language components contain
vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation. Furthermore, students are
expected to be able to apply those skills and components in their
daily activities.
Considering those language skills, reading is one of the
important skill that influence the students‟ success in learning
English. By reading, students are enable to increase their
vocabulary and to use English for communication, mainly as goals
of teaching English in Indonesia. Being able to read in English is
very important, because there are many books written in English.
Reading becomes essential for everyone to increase his or her
knowledge. This idea is supported by the fact that reading has
become a part of our daily life.
Reading is an active process of identifying important ideas,
comparing, evaluating, and applying them. Reading becomes the
main aim of language teaching which is a skill and a part of the
2
teaching program. Its purposes are to enable students to read and
understand the text materials correctly. Therefore, in reading
paragraph, we have to try to comprehend the main idea of the
reading material, without comprehending the paragraph; it will be
difficult to understand what we have read or what the writer means
or what reading material.
For the students who want to develop and extend their
knowledge, reading comprehension skill is a fundamental skill in
obtaining progress. The students can extend their knowledge by
reading books. Through reading, the students can get a lot of
information, enjoyment and even improve their knowledge in many
fields and sciences.
Reading comprehension is a part of reading subject, which is
emphasized in reading comprehension of the contents. In other
words, reading comprehension is meant as the act of grasping the
reading the content with the mind. Comprehension includes
recognizing and understanding main ideas and related details.
According to Snow as cited in Liana (2016:2) reading
comprehension defined as the process of simultaneously extracting
and constructing meaning through interaction and involvement with
written language. In teaching and learning English reading process,
the comprehension toward the material is the main goals, but the
3
fact show that the majority of the students encounter the problem in
comprehending the English texts.
By looking at this fact, students often have lack of vocabulary
or do not have enough vocabulary in their schemata to read the
text. It makes them confused and they do not understand. English
teachers are expected to always make some effort to help the
students to improve their reading comprehension. If the students
are only taught to read and memorize the grammatical pattern, they
will get bored. So variations are really needed to overcome
boredom. The students seem to learn better when they are
engaged.
In teaching reading the teachers find some problems. The
fact that the students who study English may be fluent readers in
their native language, but they cannot transfer the skills in reading
English. When they read an English text, they tend to know or focus
to the words rather than on the entire text and they are laid to their
dictionary.
They read slowly word by word and have lack of
understanding the text. In addition, they lack of interest and
unattractive teaching strategy. Therefore, the students need
variation in learning English. By changing the learning strategy, the
students are expected to be more interested in reading activity.
4
One of the effective ways to solve this problem is by applying
Pre-Reading Plan (PREP). During the activity, students are trained
to free associate on key vocabulary words, reflect on these
associations, discuss their associations as a group, and then
reformulate their knowledge based on the discussion. It concerns
about an effort to integrate instructional assessment with pre
reading instruction.
The Pre-Reading Plan (PREP) strategy begins with the
teacher introducing a key word, concept or picture to stimulate a
discussion. By asking the students questions, such as, “What made
you think of…?” they become aware of their network of
associations. The students also have the opportunity to listen to
other explanations and interact with other students. This interactive
process also provides students with the opportunity to accept, reject
or alter their own initial associations and to integrate them into more
accurate pictures of the target concept.
Besides, Pre-Reading plan (PREP) strategy is also possible
to the teacher to make good decisions about how to increase
students‟ knowledge. The activating knowledge consists of building
students‟ awareness of what they already know and elaborating and
refining what they know. This activating prior knowledge about the
topic will help the students to gain the message or the content of
the reading text, and the motivation of the student will also increase,
5
because they have preceding information, what the reading text will
talk about.
Pre-reading plan strategy also could be a way to students to
comprehend English text easily. By brainstorming their mind related
to the topic, they will activate their background knowledge to
comprehend the text better. Hudson (2007:142) stated that prior
knowledge may have some effects in students‟ understanding
because a reader who already has an elaborate schema can more
easily fit incoming textual information into those schema. This
assumption is related to how students comprehend the text.
Based on the explanation above, the writer is interested in
finding out the effectiveness of Pre-Reading Plan (PREP) Strategy
To Improve Students‟ Reading Comprehension at 10th grade of
SMAN 12 South Tangerang.
B. Identification of the problems
Based on the background above some problems:
a. Students were less active in reading lessons.
b. Students were lack of understanding toward an English reading
text.
c. Students did not interested in reading a text.
d. Students are not able to get the main idea of they have read.
e. English teacher are still lack of creativity to give the strategy in
teaching reading comprehension. They just give explanation and
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exercise in reading comprehension without applying the
appropriate strategy.
C. Limitation of the problems
Limitation of the problem is intended to make this study be
more focused. Thus the writer limits her discussion to measure the
effectiveness of Pre-Reading Plan (PREP) to improve students‟
reading comprehension at the tenth grade of SMAN 12 South
Tangerang.
D. Problems of the Study
Based on in the identification and limitation of the problem
above, the question of this research was formulated as: “Is Pre-
Reading Plan (PREP) strategy effective to improve students‟
reading comprehension?”
E. Objective of the Study
Based on the problems that have been formulated, the
objective of the study is to find out whether or not Pre-Reading Plan
(PREP) strategy is effective to improve students‟ reading
comprehension.
F. Significance of the study
The results of this research are expected to give significant
contribution to;
1. For the Teacher

7
a. to help teachers‟ problem in choosing appropriate teaching
technique for students reading comprehension;
b. to contribute some important informations about the
effectiveness of Pre-Reading Plan strategy;
c. to upgrade the students achievement in learning English.
They may adopt it individually into their learning reading
comprehension strategies;
2. For the Student
The result of the research is expected to be useful for
students to get the opportunities in improving their readings,
specify in comprehending, developing, and explaining the main
idea of the text.
3. For Further Researcher
This research may be used by other researcher as a tool to
make a comparison of other similar research. It is particularly to
compare some methods which are used to improve the
students‟ understanding on the English texts especially their
reading comprehension skill. Hopefully, this study enable is
introducing another possible way of learning reading. Hopefully
to other researcher who are interested in developing teaching
techniques, this study can be useful to provide scientific
reference for further research in contributing the improvement of
teaching English strategy.
8
CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW
A. The Description of the Theories
1. Reading
a. Definition of Reading
Reading is an activity to obtain information. It is
very important to everyone. As one of English skills,
reading is ability to draw the meaning from the text or
printed materials. It requires the process of getting
and interpreting the message sent by the authors
appropriately through the printed materials, such as
books, magazines, newspapers, text, and so on. In
fact, many institution around the world may argue that
reading is the most important foreign language skills,
particularly in cases where the reader have to read
English materials in order to help them develop their
knowledge at various subjects either in school or daily
life.
Patel and Jain (2008: 113 – 114) states as
follows: “Reading is an important activity in life with
which one can update his/her knowledge. Reading is
an important tool for academic success. Reading is
the most important activity in any language class.
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Reading is not only a source of information and a
pleasurable activity but also as a means of
consolidating and extending one‟s knowledge of the
language. Reading is very necessary to widen the
mind, again and understanding of the foreign culture”.
According to Harmer (2007: 99) reading is
useful for language acquisition. Provided that students
more or less understand what they read, the more
they read, the better they get at it. Based on Grellet
(2004:7) reading is a constant process of guessing,
and what one brings to the next is often more
important than what one finds in it. In reading, the
students should be taught to use what they know to
understand unknown elements, whether these are
ideas or simple words.
Many people be able to read and pronounce
the words correctly, but they do not understand the
text or material. Generally, reading only spell a word
without knowing the meaning of the word. Then
students level of knowledge on understanding the
word meaning to comprehend the text.
According to flynn and Stainthrop (2006:42),
“accessing meaning is the rationale for reading.
10
Reading results from an ability to decode the print and
to comprehend the language that is thus unlocked.” It
means reading is not simply done by pronouncing the
words, but it also involves transmission process of
ideas the author‟s mind to the reader‟s mind. What the
author means should be understood well by the
readers.
To be successful in reading, the students have
to build their reading skill and understand the text.
Birch (2002:4) says that there are 3 ways to build an
interactive reading:
1.) The different processing strategies, both top
and bottom, along with the knowledge base,
interact with each other to accomplish the
reading.
2.) The reader's mind interacts with the written text
so that the reader can understand the
message.
3.) The reader interacts indirectly with the writer of
the text across time and space because it is
the writer who is communicating information to
the reader, but it is the reader who must grasp
the information from the writer.
11
In short, reading is not just an active process
but also interactive process. Students are suggested
to think as interactive as possible. In addition, Brown
(2001:186) states that the good reader can identify
what the text talks about, make conclusion and take
information from the text. There are four basic types of
reading performance, they are:
1.) Perceptive
Perceptive reading task involving to attendant
the components of larger stretches of discourse
such as; letter, word, punctuation, and other
graphemic symbols or bottom up processing is
implied.
2.) Selective
This category, the students can give brief
response from the text that is intended as well, in
other words, a combination of bottom-up and top-
down processing in teaching reading.
3.) Interactive
This is type of reading that stretches language
of several paragraphs to one page or more in
which the reader must, in psycholinguistic sense,
interact with the text.
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4.) Extensive
In this type, the reader reads more than one
page of text. The text can be articles, essays,
journals, technical reports, short stories and also
books. Commonly, extensive reading is done
outside the classroom.
In conclusion, reading is an achieving meaning from
the writer to the reader in order to get new information.
Reading activity is important because it includes
message which is communicated and used to understand
text that is not found from oral communication.
b. The Purpose of Reading
Wallace (2006:6-7) proposed three purposes of
reading as follows:
1.) Reading for survival
The reader might call some kinds of reading in
response to their environment „reading for survival‟.
Indeed some reading is almost literally a matter of life
and death-for example a „stop‟ signs for a motorist.
Survival reading serves immediate needs or wishes.
2.) Reading for learning
One might expect reading for learning to be
exclusively school related. In fact, while a good deal of

13
reading to support learning clearly takes place in
academic contexts.
3.) Reading for pleasure.
Reading for pleasure is done for its own sake.
This point may be lost on children in school where
literature, originally written primarily to offer
enjoyment, is required reading for examinations. An
important by-product of reading for pleasure in any
language is fluency.
c. Reading Strategies
Wenden and Rubin citied in Sutarsyah
(2015:16) identify seven readings strategies that are
used by good readers. The summary of these
strategies is presented below:
1.) Flow-charts and hierarchical summaries. When
reading, a learner makes a summary by making a
chart that can explain the structure of ideas in the
text with its components.
2.) Titles. Before reading a learner is given the title of
the text and thinks about the title as a means of
building schemata.
3.) Embedded headings. The role of embedded
heading is used to build advance organizer which
14
is helpful for a learner before he starts reading. It
can also improve a delayed recall.
4.) Pre-reading questions. This effective strategy is
very common and mostly recommended. This
strategy can focus a learner‟s attention towards
the topic of the text. The learner makes some
question related to the topic of the text and he tries
to find the answers to the questions while reading.
5.) Story specific schema from general schema. In
this strategy, a learner brainstorms general
problem solving schema for a short story and sets
general questions derived from this schema.
6.) Imagery. The ability to use image is needed in
reading. A learner with high imagery is able to
recall and recognize more items of information
from a text than low imagery.
7.) Perspective. A learner reads a story from a
particular perspective which is important to that
perspective. This can also build related schemata
that can help him read a text.
d. Parts of Reading
Misdaliza (2005:3-4) states that in contemporary
practice, a reading lesson is usually divided into three
15
parts, the pre-reading, while reading, and post reading
stages, each of which has its own particular aims and
procedure.
1.) Pre-reading is used to mobilize existing
knowledge. Teacher can do various things in pre-
reading stage, such as picture, discussion or
word-association activities.
2.) While-reading stage is done to help students to
understand the specific content and to perceive
the rhetorical structure of the text.
3.) The last stage is post-reading. Post-reading stage
has done to review the content of the text. The
means of post-reading stage is usually a writing
assignment, but other techniques are available,
including discussions, debates, or project work.
e. Types of Reading
The categorization of reading types aims for
readers to know what the purpose of reading is. The
reading types make it easier for students to apply
certain background information and cultural
experience which assist them in getting the meaning.
16
Grellet (2016:13) suggested the main text-types one
usually comes across:
1) Novels, short stories, tales; other literary texts and
passages (e.g. essays, diaries, anecdotes,
biographies)
2) Plays
3) Poems, limericks, nursery rhymes.
4) Letters, postcards, telegrams, notes.
5) Newspapers and magazines (headlines, articles,
editorials, letters to the editors, stop press,
classified ads, weather forecast, radio/ TV / theatre
programmers)
6) Specialized articles, reports, reviews, essays,
business letters, summaries, précis, accounts,
pamphlets (political and other)
7) Handbooks, textbooks, guidebooks.
8) Recipes.
9) Advertisements, travels brochures, and
catalogues.
10) Puzzles, problems, rule for games.
11) Instructions (e.g. warnings), directions (e.g. How to
use…), notices, rules and regulations, posters,
signs, (e.g. road signs), forms (e.g. application
17
forms, landing cards), graffiti, menus, price lists,
tickets.
12) Comic strips, cartoons and caricatures, legends (of
maps, pictures)
13) Statistics, diagrams, flow/pie charts, time-tables,
maps.
14) Telephone directories, dictionaries, phrasebooks.
2. Reading Comprehension
a. Definition of Reading Comprehension
According to Whorter as cited in Rahemi
(2013:32), comprehension is the main goal of reading
that refers to understanding what is being read.
Readers usually make use of background knowledge,
vocabulary, and grammatical knowledge, experience
with text and other strategies to help them understand
written text. Similarly, reading comprehension is the
interaction among word identification, prior
knowledge, comprehension strategies, and
engagement. Without all of these skills, one cannot
comprehend properly and, therefore, not read properly
(Prado and Plourde as cited in Harvey, 2013:42).
Besides, according to Nation (2004:105)
18
comprehension is the ultimate goal of reading.
Everyone agrees that reading comprehension is not a
simple matter of recognizing individual words, or even
of understanding each individual word as our eyes
pass over it. All models of comprehension recognize
the need for readers to build up mental representation
of text, a process that requires integration across a
range of sources 13 information, from lexical features
through to knowledge concerning events in the world.
In summary, reading comprehension is the
main goal of reading in which readers usually make
use of background knowledge, vocabulary, and
grammatical knowledge, experience with text and
other strategies to help them understand written text.
This is a process that requires integration
across a range of sources information, from lexical
features through to knowledge concerning events in
the world.
b. Teaching Reading Comprehension
In teaching reading, the teacher should be able to
control the class activities in order to make the
students can master the material. It is line with
19
Alyousef (2005:114) who says that in reading, there
are three-phases procedures. They are pre-, while-,
and last-reading process.
1) The pre-reading stage helps in activating the
relevant schema. For example, the teacher asked
the questions while previewing the text.
2) While-reading stage (or interactive process) aims
to develop students‟ ability in tackling text by
developing their linguistics and schematic
knowledge.
3) Post-reading stage includes activities, which
enhance learning comprehension using exercise,
close exercises, out-up sentences, and
comprehension question.
The aim of teaching reading comprehension is
to develop students‟ comprehension of English texts
effectively. To develop students‟ reading
comprehension, the students should have specific
purpose in their mind before they read the text.
Appropriate technique in teaching reading can attract
the students‟ interest to interact with various types of
texts, i. e. functional and monologues text. In short, in
teaching reading the teacher should use appropriate
20
technique. Therefore, technique in teaching reading
should be matched to reading purpose to read
efficiently and effectively.
Additionally, reading comprehension is the
main goal of reading where the students could
comprehend the text that is being read. The success
in teaching reading can be seen when the learners
finally have understood the text. In achieving this,
those three phases should be applied and also use
appropriate technique that would help the teaching
process.
From the explanation above, the researcher
concludes that teaching reading comprehension is
kind of activity that has purpose to engage students in
comprehending text. The researcher also assumes
that using of appropriate strategy in teaching reading
would increase students‟ reading comprehension
achievement.
21
3. Pre-Reading Plan (PREP)
a. Definition of Pre-Reading Plan
Langer in Lapp Dianne (2004:311) said PREP
is a three step demonstration for teachers to use
before assigning textbook reading to their students.
PREP (Pre- Reading Plan) is a model for eliciting prior
knowledge. This strategy can be used to help
students to activate their prior knowledge that is very
crucial in reading comprehension. The more prior
knowledge can be activates the easier for students to
comprehend a text will be. The use of pre-reading
plan in reading classes reflects course designers‟
attempts to activate schemata and make use of
students‟ prior knowledge to facilitate comprehension.
Pre-reading means that the teachers performs
activities such as relating passage contents to the
students‟ worlds, presenting key vocabulary prior to
encountering it in texts, and noting the organization of
a passage so students can use it as a tool for
understanding.
Pre-reading plan introduces learners to some
of vocabulary and the topics in the text and perhaps
22
motivates them to want to read further. In pre-reading
stage teacher is a guide and a facilitator.
Langer also demonstrates that prior knowledge
is a better predictor of learning than IQ, which
suggests that if teachers elicit, clarify and organize
prior knowledge, and thereby increase provisional
understanding, processing and recall for all students
that will be increased. The explanation of why the pre-
reading plan strategies are so effective is when the
knowledge of the student is shared in the discussion
class, it would give another students advantages, they
would knew their friend‟s ideas which could promote
another students to share their own idea too, because
each student has same opportunity before the new
knowledge, vocabulary and concepts are
encountered.
b. Goals of Pre-Reading Plan (PREP) Strategy
Murcia (2000:104) as stated that The goals of
pre-Reading stage are to activate or build the
students‟ knowledge of the subject, to provide any
language preparation that might be needed for coping
with the passage, and to motivate the learners to want
to read the text.
23
There are several points that describe the main
goals of pre-reading plan (PREP):
1.) Assess students‟ background knowledge of the
topic and linguistic content of the text.
2.) Give students the background knowledge
necessary for comprehension of the text, or
activate the existing knowledge that the students
possess.
3.) Clarify any cultural information which may be
necessary to comprehend the passage.
4.) Make students aware of the type of text they will
be reading and the purpose(s) for reading.
5.) Provide opportunities for group or collaborative
work and for class discussion activities.
The main goal of the pre-reading stage is
founded upon the notion that the students‟ previous
knowledge and experience affect their comprehension
of the material. Teacher is helped to help students to
understand the text using pre-reading strategy.
c. Kinds of Pre-Reading Plan (PREP) Strategy
In pre-reading, there are kinds of activities. The
strategy allows teacher to create some activities in
24
order to attract students to read. From this activity,
students are expected to comprehend the text easily.
Silberstein (2000:44 - 45) stated that Pre-reading
plan (PREP) can be these following activities which
are designed to do before the students read:
1. Class discussion anticipating content
2. Previewing: Students complete the following
activities in pairs, working back and forth between
the text and paired discussion.
Those activities involve students to cooperate
each other in anticipating the text. It will give
advantages to low achievement students. They will be
helped by conditioning them in pair or in groups. From
this explanation, it will give us information that pre-
reading could be a way for students to comprehend
the text.
Poeter (2013:5) stated that PREP strategies
help the students to prepare their minds to be ready in
reading the text. The students are invited to recall their
previous knowledge related to the text.
Here the additional Pre-Reading Strategies:
25
1) Overviews: The activities in overviews are class
discussions, printed previews, photograph, outlines or
films.
2) Vocabulary Previews: Giving the students some
vocabulary related to the reading topic before reading
activities.
3) Structural Organizers: Previewing the structural
organization of the text before reading, to improve
student‟s comprehension related to the form of the text
that they will be faced.
4) A Purpose for Reading: Setting the purpose of
reading to guess what the text is which the question could
be come from teacher.
5) Author Consideration: This strategy is considering
what the author tries to convey in his work through
understanding his field on his certain work.
6) KWL: This strategy involves three metacognitive
steps in reading expository text.
In conclusion, there are several kinds of pre-reading.
Pre-reading involves teachers‟ preparation in holding the
activities before the reading class. The use of kinds of
pre-reading activities is based on the purposes of
26
reading. It also adjusted to the students‟ needs and also
teachers‟ ability to conduct pre-reading activity.
d. The phases of PREP Strategy
Based on Diane, et.al (2004:301) stated that teaching
reading by using PREP Strategy will used three phases
as follows:
1) The first phase, initial associations with the
concept, It requires that teachers review the section of
text to be read by students, decide on a key concept, and
select a word, phrase, or picture that can be presented to
the group to start a discussion on the topic. For example,
when introducing a text on the reasons underlying a "civil
war," the discussion could begin with a question by the
teacher such as, "What do you think of when you hear
the words civil wars?" During this phase, the goal is to
have students brainstorm as many free associations with
the chosen concept as possible.
2) The second phase, reflections on initial
associations, The students are asked to explain their free
associations. The teachers asks questions such as,
"Where did that idea come from?" and "Why does the
term 'civil wars' make you think of the North and South
27
fighting battles?", Langer considered the social aspects of
PREP important. By listening to the associations and
explanations of others, the students are extending their
background knowledge. This sharing may also help to
correct accessing of potentially misleading background
knowledge (e.g., responding with "fighting over slaves"),
providing students an opportunity to correct
misconceptions (e.g., generalizing from one issue over
which the American Civil War was fought to all civil wars).
3) The Third phase provides the reformulation of
knowledge The basis for students' understanding of how
text and background knowledge interrelate. In the final
phase of Pre- Reading Plan (PREP) strategy,
reformulation of knowledge, students again make free
associations with the original concept, prompted by the
question, "Do you have any new ideas about civil wars?"
often, the students responses in this phase reflect a
higher level of understanding than responses in the first
phase, that is, the use of super ordinate concepts,
analogies, and characteristics versus remotely related
first hand experiences or phonetic word associations.
28
e. The Steps of Pre-Reading Strategy
Based on Diane, et.al (2004:301) also there are
procedure of pre-reading strategy.
1) The teacher gives a key concept of the text
then asks students brainstorm as many free
associations with the chosen concept as
possible based on the key concept given.
2) The teacher asks students to explain their free
associations.
3) The teacher asks students again make free
associations with the original concept,
prompted by the question.
4) The teacher asks students to read the assigned
text and review associations made.
f. The Advantages of Pre-Reading Plan (PREP)
Strategy
In step of pre reading plan (PREP) strategy, the
teacher usually brainstorms or arouses student‟s
29
prediction about the text. Brainstorming has many
advantages as classroom procedure.
1) It require little teacher preparation;
2) It lows learners considerable freedom to bring
their own prior knowledge and opinion to bear
on particular issues; and
3) It can involve the whole class;
4) Pre-reading activity involves many participants,
such as the teacher, students as the object of
the technique itself.
5) The teacher should attract the students to
recall the students‟ prior knowledge and their
interest about the text.
6) This activity also gives a chance to the teacher
and students even a whole class to interact
each other.
B. Theoretical Framework
Reading is one of the skills that should be mastered by the
students in learning English. Reading is also defined as the skill
or ability of getting information from books. It has great
advantages in people‟s life such as gaining success in school for
students. It is not a passive skill, when readers read; they think
and search for meaning. In reading, getting meaning depends on
30
the readers‟ prior knowledge about the written message. It is also
defined as the skill or activity of getting information from books.
When readers read, they need comprehension to understand the
meaning and information from the texts.
Reading comprehension is one of the most important things
to learn because when students involve in reading they will
understand step by step the English material through reading. As
one of strategy in reading, Pre-Reading Plan is considered
meaningful to improving the students‟ reading comprehension.
Pre-reading Plan, in general, improve students‟ comprehension
of texts because pre-reading strategies activate students‟ prior
knowledge. In addition, it asserted the employment of pre-
reading activities in reading lessons not only for facilitating
reading comprehension by activating prior knowledge, but also
as an effective activity to stimulate students‟ motivation in
reading classes. Motivation plays an important role in foreign
language learning.
To solve this problem, the writer thinks that Pre-Reading
Plan can be a good strategy to help students in reading a text.
Pre-reading Plan is an activity or a phase before the students
read the text. This activity could be a way, to stimulate the
students to read the text. When they are attracted to read the
31
text, they will pay attention to the reading text and they will
comprehend the text easily.
C. Hypothesis of the Study
Fraenkel et el., (2012:83) stated that “a hypothesis is a
prediction of the possible outcomes of a study”. To know the
effectiveness of Pre-reading activities to improve reading
comprehension, the writer formulates two hypothesis that will be
tested by using t-test. They are:
1. Null Hypothesis (HO)
There is no effectiveness of Pre-Reading Plan to improve
students‟ reading comprehension at tenth grade students of
2. Alternative Hypothesis (H1)
There is an effectiveness of Pre-Reading Plan to improve
students‟ reading comprehension at tenth grade students of
32
CHAPTER III
METHODS AND PROCEDURES
This chapter discussed about sources of data, place and
time of research, method of the research, variable and operational
variable, population and sample, technique for collecting the data,
and technique for analyzing the data.
A. Time and Place of the Study
1. Place
The researcher conducted the study on 10th grade students
of SMAN 12 South Tangerang. The school is located on Jl.
Cilenggang I, Cilenggang, Serpong, South Tangerang, Banten
15310. The research was applied in eight meetings including
the conduction of pre test, treatment and posttest.
2. Time
The research was conducted in the second semester of
2017/2018 academic year starting from Feb 2018 to April 2018,
and the timing refers to academic calendar of SMAN 12 South
Tangerang.
B. Method of the Study
In this study the writer used a quantitative research. It
applied a quasi-experimental design to prove the effectiveness of
33
Pre-Reading Plan (PREP) strategies to improve students‟ reading
comprehension. Quantitative research is the systematic empirical
investigation of observable phenomena via statistical, mathematical
or computational techniques. Creswell (2014: 4) stated that The
quantitative research is an approach for testing objective theories
by examining the relationship among variable. These variables, in
turn, can be measured, typically on instruments, so that numbered
data can be analyzed using statistical procedures.
In this research, the students as the participant was chosen.
According to Creswell (2012: 296) stated that the most rigorous
approach of experimental design is to randomly assign individuals
to the treatments. Further, the random assignment deals with
random selection. Besides, Creswell (2012: 297) adds that
“Quantitative researchers randomly select a sample from a
population”. Martella, Nelson, et al. (2013:160) explained that true
experimental designs are the only experimental designs that can
result in relatively definitive statements about causal relationships
between variables.
Table 3.1
Quasi-Experimental Design
Pre and Post-Test Design
T1 X T2
34
Note:
T1: Pre-test
X: Treatment
T2: Post Test
Based on the design above, it can be seen that the
experiment consisted of three phases; pre test, treatment, and
post test in order to investigate the learners‟ improvements in
terms of their vocabulary knowledge.
C. Operational Definitions of Variables
There are two variables in this study, independent variable
(Variable X) and dependent variable (variable Y). The independent
variable (X) is Pre-Reading Plan strategy and the dependent
variable (Y) is students‟ reading comprehension. As an independent
variable, using Pre-Reading Plan can help the teacher to teach
reading comprehension.
D. Population and Sample
1. Population
Muijs (2011:13) defined population as the group of people
the writer wants to generalize to. In educational research, the
population of interest usually a group of person who possess
certain characteristics. Creswell (2012:142) also explained that a
population is a group of individuals who have the same
characteristics. In some cases, however, the population may be
35
defined as a group of classroom, schools, even facilities. That
means that population is not only a group of person but also
another things.
The population in this research is at tenth grade students in
the 2017/2018 academic year of school SMAN 12 South Tangsel.
There are three classes of tenth graders: They are 37 with total of
population was 370 students.
2. Sample
According to Creswell (2012:142), a sample is a
subgroup of the target population that the researcher plans to
study for generalizing about the target population. It means
sample is group that the researcher chooses from population to
collect the data. The writer used cluster random sampling to
choose the sample. After the population was being randomized,
class X Social 3 was chosen as experimental class.
Table 3.2
Sample of the Study
NUMBERS
NO CLASS OF THE REMARKS
STUDENTS
EXPERIMENTAL
1. X Social 3 37
CLASS
36
E. Technique of Collecting the Data
In order to collect the data, the procedure of the study
consists of some steps, they are pre-test and post-test. The data of
this study were students‟ results of reading text. In this study, both
pre-test and post-test were used to collect the data. Before the test
administered, the validity of the research in pre-test and post-test
was analyzed is valid.
Pre-test was given before treatment in the first meeting and
post-test was given after treatment. For second until seven
meetings, the writer gave pre-reading plan strategies to the
students of the experimental class in conducting treatment.
1. Pre-test
The topic of pre-test is about 10 questions. Pre-test was
given to analyze students‟ reading comprehension. The writer
gave scores for every student based on matrix of assessment. It
is given to the experimental class to collect the data whether
those groups had the same ability or not before they got the
treatment.
2. Treatment
In this meeting, treatment was conducted before the post-test
performed. The treatment was conducted by using pre-reading
plan (PREP) as strategies of teaching to experimental class. In
this step, because of the reading strategies was used pre-
37
reading plan strategy, the main equipment of the lessons was
viewing pictures and questioning. As for the procedures that
used those are:
1) At the beginning of the lesson the pictures were used in
order to trigger the students‟ prior knowledge toward the
topic.
2) The pictures were varied in each meeting due to the
different topic related the text.
3) The teacher read aloud the text for students. The
students notice on the picture.
4) The teacher asks one students to come forward in front
of class to read the text. It is purposed to give a pause
students while they also review the content of whole text.
5) The teacher corrects their pronunciation. The wrong
pronunciation of words will be written on the whiteboard
and the writer will give them the right one.
6) The writer let the students read individually. Then, the
students answer reading comprehension test.
3. Post-test
In the last meeting, the writer gave post-test to experimental
class. It is used to determine whether there was a significant
progress on students‟ reading comprehension. The writer gives
38
10 questions. The question formulated in the post-test were
similar to those in pre-test.
In this study, the writer used tests as instruments. The
instrument of the study is a tool or facility used by the writer in
collecting the data in order to get the accurate data. In order to
know the effectiveness of students‟ reading comprehension by
using pre-reading plan strategies, the writer gave written test to the
students. The written test was divided into two parts: pretest and
post-test. The form of written test was a text and 10 questions. The
writer used scoring rubric as follows:
Description Score
Correct Answer 1
Wrong Answer 0
There were 10 questions in the test, so the maximum score
was 10. The number of students value scores was taken from the
total score (correct answer) multiplied by a hundred then divided
by the total number of questions (10), hence, the maximum score
achieved by students is 100.
Σ = Right answer X 100 =
10
39
Table 3.3
Criteria of Students’ Score Reading Comprehension
CRITERIA SCORE
Excellent 5 (90-100)
Good 4 (76-89)
Enough 3 (66-75)
Poor 2 (40-65)
Very Poor 1 (00-39)
F. Technique of Analyzing the Data
After collecting the data by using those tests stated above, the
researcher analyzed the result of the tests by using t-test. It was
purposed to find out the difference score of students‟ improvement in
reading comprehension between those who were taught and were not
through Pre-Reading Plan (PREP) strategy. The variables were
compared to recognize whether the differences were significant or not.
The researcher used t-test formula. Before using T- test, the writer
examined the data using Normality test and Homogeneity of Variances.
a. Normality Test
40
Normality Test is a test performed with the aim to assess the
distribution of the data on a group of data or variable, whether the
distribution of the data is normally distributed or not. The writer used
Shapiro-Wilk normality test. Shapiro-Wilk test is a method or
formula for calculating the distribution of data created by Shapiro
and Wilk.
Thus, normality met if the test results are not significant for a
significance level (α) = 0.05 Conversely, if the test results
significantly, the normality of the data is not met. In order to know
whether the results of normality tests significant or not, the numbers
in the column of significance (Sig.) can be checked to establish the
normality, the applicable criteria are as follows:
 Setting the significance level of the test, for example α = 0.05
 Comparing with a significance level of p obtained.
 If the significance obtained > α, then the sample is from a
normal distributed population.
 If the significance obtained < α, then the sample is not from a
normal distributed population.
b. Homogeneity of Variances
Homogeneity test is the test applied on the equal variances
of at least two or more distributions. Homogeneity test is performed
to determine whether or not the data in the variables X and Y are
homogeneous. The writer used Bartlett Test of Homogeneity of
41
Variances. The calculation of homogeneity test applied SPSS
software by Levene's test statistics. This Levene test can be
interpreted by analyzing, if Levene statistic score > 0.05 then it can
be said that the variation of the data is homogeneous.
After collecting the data, the next step was analyzing the
output. The output of the data were analyzed by using dependent
(paired sample) t-test to determine whether there is a significant
difference between means of the sample before and after the
treatments.
c. Normal Distribution Test
As stated by Hatch and Farhady (1982), dependent (paired
sample) t-test is used to analyze pre and post test scores and to
investigate whether or not the difference of pre-test and post-test
means are significant.
In this study, dependent test was calculated by using SPSS
19 for windows program. After getting t value (t obtained) , then it was
compared with the t critical. If t obtained ≥ t critical at the level of
significance (p) = 0.05, the the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected and
accepts the alternatives hypothesis (H1). However, if t obtained ≤ t
critical then the null hyphothesis is accepted.
The data were analyzed by using statistical computerization
Repeated measures t-test of SPSS 19 for windows i.e t= to
42
test whether the difference between pre-test and post – test is
significance or not , in which the significance is determined by P <
0,05 ( Hatch and Farhady, 1982:114).
According to Hatch and Farhady, 1982:116 the formula was
as follows:
t=
SD =
Where: : Standard error of differences between two means
SD : Standard deviation
: Number of students
: Mean score Pre Test
: Mean score Post Test
CHAPTER IV
FINDINGS AND INTERPRETATION
A. Findings
1. The Description of the Data
As the previous chapter, the researcher use a test to
collect the data from the students which is given to the
samples of the research. The researcher used pre-test
43
before doing the treatment and post-test after given the
treatment. The test was reading comprehension test. The
students were asked to do the Reading Comprehension test
individually by using PREP (Pre-Reading Plan) as the
strategy.
The researcher held this research by teaching at one
class of 10th grade students of SMAN 12 South Tangerang.
A total number of 37 students participated in this study.
Thus, the researcher took 37 students in SMAN 12 South
Tangerang. The samples consisted of 37 students at one
class of X Social 3.
In this study, before calculating t-test, the data of the
students‟ pre-test and pos-ttest scores were described in
table 4.1 below:
Table 4.1
The score of pre-test and post-test of the Experimental Class
No Student Name Pre Test Post Test
70 90
1 Student 1
44
Student 2 60 80
2
Student 3 70 80
3
Student 4 50 70
4
Student 5 70 80
5
Student 6 40 70
6
Student 7 50 70
7
Student 8 40 60
8
Student 9 60 70
9
Student 10 50 70
10
Student 11 40 70
11
Student 12 30 70
12
Student 13 40 60
13
Student 14 40 70
14
Student 15 50 70
15
Student 16 30 60
16
Student 17 30 60
17
45
Student 18 70 80
18
Student 19 60 90
19
Student 20 60 80
20
Student 21 70 70
21
Student 22 50 70
22
Student 23 50 70
23
Student 24 70 90
24
Student 25 80 90
25
Student 26 50 70
26
Student 27 40 60
27
Student 28 60 80
28
Student 29 70 90
29
Student 30 60 80
30
Student 31 70 80
31
Student 32 50 80
32
Student 33 70 90
33
46
Student 34 60 70
34
Student 35 70 90
35
Student 36 50 60
36
Student 37 60 80
37
TOTAL 2040 2770
MEAN 55.14 74.86
It could be seen from the table above that the scores
of students‟ pre-test and post-test were different. The mean
score of the students‟ in the pre-test was 55.14 with the
lowest score of 30 and the highest score of 80, while the
mean score of students‟ in the post-test was 74.86 with the
lowest score of 60 and the highest score of 90.
a. Pre-test Result of Students’ Reading Comprehension
Based on Reading Comprehension criteria, the performance
of students‟ Reading Comprehension could be classified to the
following criteria:
Table 4.2
Criteria of Students’ Pre-test Reading Comprehension
CRITERIA SCORE
47
Excellent 5 (90-100)
Good 4 (76-89)
Enough 3 (66-75)
Poor 2 (40-65)
Very Poor 1 (00-39)
Table 4.3
Experiment Class Students’ Pre-test Reading Comprehension Result
Students’ Reading Total Number of Total Number of the
Comprehension Students Students in
Level Percentage
Excellent 0 0%
Good 1 2.70%
Enough 10 27.02%
Poor 23 62.16%
Very Poor 3 8.10%
From the table above, it can be described that in the
Experimental Class for Pre-test Reading Comprehension Result, 3
Students were very poor (8.10%), 23 students were poor (62.16%),
10 students were enough (27.02%), 1 student was good (2.70%).
There were no Students got excellent (0%).
Figure 4.1
48
Experimental Class Pre-test Reading Comprehension Result Chart
b. Post-test Result of Students’ Reading Comprehension
Post-test result of students‟ Reading Comprehension assessments
The following table 4.5 presents students‟ post-test results:
Table 4.4
Experiment class students’ posttest result
Students‟ Reading Total Number of Total Number of the
Comprehension Level Students Students in
Percentage
Excellent 7 18.91%
Good 10 27.02%
49
Enough 14 37.83%
Poor 6 16.21%
Very Poor 0 0%
Table 4.5 above, described that 6 students were poor
(16.21%), 14 students were enough (37.83%), 10 students were
good (27.02%), 7 students were excellent (18.91%) and no one off
all students get very poor.
figure 4.2
Experimental Class Post-test Reading Comprehension Chart
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
0
very poor poor enough good excellent
2. The Analysis of Data
50
After comparing the scores of pre and post-test scores,
the writer made an analysis of the data from the results, as
follows:
a). Normality Test
One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test
Unstandardized
Residual
N 37
Normal Parameters Mean .0000000
Std. Deviation 5.82627695
Most Extreme Differences Absolute .109
Positive .109
Negative -.082
Test Statistic .109
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .200
a. Test distribution is Normal.

b. Calculated from data.
Based on the calculation table data normality, the pre-test and post-
test scores showed significant (2-tailed) results of 0.200> α (0.05) where
the significance score was higher than α = 0.05. It means the data of pre
and post-test in experimental group is normal. Therefore the used data in
this study is normal so that the data can be preceded to the next statistical
test.
b). Paired Samples Statistics
Paired Samples Statistics
Mean N Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
Pair 1 Pretest 55.14 37 13.462 2.213
Posttest 74.86 37 9.894 1.627

51
From the second output, paired samples statistic, table showed
average‟s score in pre-test was 55.14 while in the post test was 74.86, N
referred to total amount of the sample, i.e. 37. Standard deviation
showed the heterogeneous that occurred in the data before and after
using Pre-Reading Plan (PREP) strategy were 9.894 and 13.462 and
standard error of mean before and after using Pre-Reading Plan (PREP)
strategy were 1.627 and 2.213.
c). Paired Samples Correlations
Paired Samples Correlations
N Correlation Sig.
Pair 1 Pretest & Posttest 37 .808 .000
In the second output of paired samples, it can be seen that the
significance score (0.00) < α (0.05), and can be concluded that there are
significance correlation using Pre-Reading Plan (PREP) strategy and
without using Pre-Reading Plan (PREP) strategy in the test.
d). Paired Samples Test
Paired Samples Test
Paired Differences
95% Confidence Interval
Std. Std. Error of the Difference Sig. (2-

Mean Deviation Mean Lower Upper t Df tailed)
52
Pair 1 Pretest -
-19.730 7.988 1.313 -22.393 -17.066 -15.023 36 .000
Posttest
Based on the calculation above of t-test, this research data
showed the significant results, it can be seen from the mean result of
19.73, in which standard deviation was 7.988, std. error mean was
1.313, lower interval was 22.39 and upper interval was 17.06, degree
of freedom was 36, result of t-test was 15.02 and Significant (2-tailed)
was 0.00 < α (0.05). If the significance score is lower than α = 0.05, it
can be concluded that the different is significant and it was proven that
Ho was rejected and H1 was accepted which means that there is an
effectiveness of Pre-Reading Plan (PREP) Strategy To Improve
Students‟ Reading Comprehension.
B. Interpretation
As the Researcher mentioned on Chapter II, the Researcher
proposed the hypothesis as follows:
1. H1: There is an effectiveness of Pre-Reading Plan (PREP)
2. H0: There is no effectiveness of Pre-Reading Plan (PREP)
From the result presented above pre-test and post have
significant difference score and it was proven by getting 2040 for

53
pre-test and 2770 for post-test. The average‟s pre-test score was
55.14 and average‟s post-test score was 74.86. It means that the
variances of pre-test and post-test are dissimilar. Additionally,
based on the statistical calculation above, it can be seen that there
is obvious difference between the average score from the result of
teaching reading comprehension using Pre-Reading Plan (PREP)
strategy and without using it.
Based on paired Sample t-test table, t-score was 15.02,
meanwhile pre-test and post-test score of the experimental class
obtained the probability score or its significant (2-tailed) and it is
equal 0.00 with significance level α = 0.05 (2-tailed). Since the
score is 0.00 < α=0.05 the H1 was accepted and Ho was rejected.
From these results, the alternative hypothesis (H1) was
accepted. In other words, it can be said that teaching vocabulary
enrichment using Pre-Reading Plan (PREP) strategy to improve
reading comprehension of 10th Social 3 at SMAN 12 South
Tangerang was effective.
54
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion
Based on the research that was conducted in SMAN 12
South Tangerang, the researcher concluded that through the
implementation of Pre-Reading Plan (PREP) to the students,
students‟ Reading Comprehension significantly showed
improvement. It was proven by the dependent t-test result in pre-
test and post-test. The result showed that the value of tobtained was
15.024 and the value of tcritical was 0.05. It can be concluded that
null hyphothesis (H0) was rejected and alternative hypothesis (H1)
was accepted.
Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of Pre-Reading
Plan (PREP) strategy improves students‟ Reading Comprehension.
It gives significant effect on students‟ Reading Comprehension of
ten grade students of SMAN 12 South Tangerang.
B. Suggestion
From the conclusion above, the researcher would like to give
some suggestion for English Teacher, Students and other
Researcher. The suggestions are as mentioned below:
1. For the students

55
a. Students should be active to join the learning process
held by the teacher regardless any method applied by
the teacher.
b. Students should be cooperative enough to participate in
class by learning Pre-Reading Plan (PREP) strategy in
order to reach the intended goals.
2. For the English teachers
a. Teacher should improve their strategy in teaching
English especially in teaching listening.
b. Teacher should apply Pre-Reading Plan (PREP) strategy
as one of alternative strategy to make teaching reading
comprehension easier
c. Teacher should be active to accommodate students‟
difficulties in teaching learning process especially in
reading comprehension
3. For the other researcher.
It is suggested for other researchers to do further
research related to the application of Pre-Reading Plan
(PREP) strategy with various subjects and variables. Thus it
is hoped that the effectiveness of this strategy can be
maximized.
56
REFERENCES
Birch, M. Barbara. (2002). English L2 Reading Getting to the Bottom.

London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.
Brown, H. Douglas. (2001). Teaching By Principles: An Interactive

Approach to Language Pedagogy, Second Edition. New York: Addison
Wesley Longman, Inc.
Celce-Murcia, Marianne, (ed.). (2000). Teaching Reading as a Second

Foreign Language, Boston: Heinle & Heinle Publishers.
Creswell, John W. (2014). Research Design International Student Edition;

Qualitative, Quantitative, Mixed Methods Approaches. 4th Ed. London:
Pearson Educations.
Creswell, John W. (2012). Educational Research Planning, Conducting

and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research. 4th Ed. Boston:
Pearson Education, Inc.
Fraenkel, Jack., Helen Hyun and Norman Wallen. (2012). How to Design
and Evaluate Research in Education with Connect Access Card. New
York: McGraw-Hill.
Grellet, Francoise. (2004). Developing Critical Learners. Bandung: Rizqi.
Harmer, Jeremy. (2007). The Practice of English Language Teaching.

New York: Longman Publishing.
Hudson, Thom. (2007). Teaching Second Language Reading. New York:

Oxford University Press.
John E. Readence, David W. More, RobertJ. Rickelman. (2002). Pre-

Reading Activity for Content Area Reading and Learning. USA:
International Reading Association.
Lapp, Diane, James Flood and Nancy Fernan. (2004). Content Area
Reading and Learning: Instructional Strategies. New Jersey: Lawrence
Erlbaum.
57
Misdaliza. (2005). The Use of Picture Series in Teaching Reading at MAN
Kampar Air Tiris. Unpublished.
Muijs, Daniel. (2011). Doing Quantitative Research in Education With

SPSS. London: SAGE Publication, Inc.
Petel,M.F and Jain, Preveen.M. (2008). English language teaching. New

York: Sunrise publisher and distributor.
Sari, Sara Puspita. (2007). “The Effectiveness of Pre – Reading Activites

To Improve Students‟ Reading Comprehensiom”, Skripsi of Syarif
Hidayatullah Islamic State University Jakarta. Not Published
Silberstein, Sandra. (2000). Techniques and Resources in Teaching

Reading. New York: Oxford University Press.
_________. (2000). Oxford Advance Learners’ Dictionary. New York:

Oxford university Press.
Sutarsyah, C. (2015). Reading Theories and Practice. Lembaga Penelitian

Universitas Lampung.
Tom, Hudson. (2007). Teaching Second Language Reading. New York:

Oxford University Press.
Wallace, Catherine. (2006). Reading. New York: Oxford University Press.
58
Appendix 1
The Lesson Plan
RENCANA PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN
Sekolah : SMAN 12 Tangerang Selatan

Mata Pelajaran : Bahasa Inggris
Kelas/Semester : X/2
Aspek/Skill : Membaca
Alokasi Waktu : 2 x 45 menit ( 2 x Pertemuan )
A. Standar Kompetensi
Merespon makna yang terdapat dalam teks tulis fungsional pendek
sangat sederhana secara akurat, lancar dan berterima yang berkaitan
dengan lingkungan terdekat.
B. Kompetensi Dasar
Merespon makna yang terdapat dalam teks fungsional pendek sangat
sederhana secara akurat, lancar dan berterima yang berkaitan
C. Indikator
 Mengidentifikasi gagasan utama dalam text.
 Mengidentifikasi gagasan pendukung dalam text.
 Mengidentifikasi informasi faktual dalam text.
 Menentukan makna dalam text.
D. Tujuan pembelajaran:
Pertemuan 1
Setelah mempelajari materi ini, diharapkan siswa mampu:
Menentukan gagasan utama dalam text, menentukan gagasan
pendukung dalam text, menemukan informasi faktual dalam text,
Memahami makna dalam text, berpartisipasi aktif selama proses kegiatan
belajar berlangsung.
Pertemuan 2
59
Memahami makna dalam text, berpartisipasi aktif selama proses
kegiatan belajar berlangsung.
E. Materi Pembelajaran
Text
Prambanan Temple
Prambanan is the largest Hindu temple compound in

Central Java in Indonesia, located approximately 18 km east of
Yogyakarta.
The temple is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is one of

the largest Hindu temples in south-east Asia. It is characterised by
its tall and pointed architecture, typical of Hindu temple architecture,
and by the 47m high central building inside a large complex of
individual temples. It was built around 850 CE by either Rakai
Pikatan, king of the second Mataram dynasty, or Balitung Maha
Sambu, during the Sanjaya Dynasty. Not long after its construction,
the temple was abandoned and began to deteriorate.
Reconstruction of the compound began in 1918. The main building
was completed in around 1953. Much of the original stonework has
been stolen and reused at remote construction sites. A temple will
only be rebuilt if at least 75% of the original stones are available,
and therefore only the foundation walls of most of the smaller
shrines are now visible and with no plans for their reconstruction.
The temple was damaged during the earthquake in Java in

2006. Early photos suggest that although the complex appears to
be structurally intact, damage is significant. Large pieces of debris,
including carvings, were scattered over the ground. The temple has
been closed to the public until damage can be fully assessed. The
head of Yogyakarta Archaeological Conservation Agency stated
that: “it will take months to identify the precise damage”. However,
some weeks later in 2006 the site re-opened for visitors. The
immediate surroundings of the Hindu temples remain off-limits for
safety reasons.
F. Metode Pembelajaran
Metode pembelajaran yang akan digunakan: PREP (Pre Reading
Plan) strategy.
G. Langkah-langkah Pembelajaran
60
Pertemuan 1
a. Kegiatan Pendahuluan
 Guru memberi salam
 Guru mengecek kehadiran siswa
 Menyiapkan peserta didik secara psikis dan fisik untuk mengikuti
proses pembelajaran
 Memberi motivasi belajar
 Menjelaskan tujuan pembelajaran atau kompetensi dasar yang
akan dicapai; dan menyampaikan cakupan materi.
b. Kegiatan inti
 Guru menanyakan judul mengenai teks yang akan dibaca.
 Guru memperlihatkan gambar dari cerita yang berkaitan dengan
teks „Prambanan‟ pada siswa.
 Guru menanyakan tentang Prambanan pada siswa yang mereka
ketahui dan menulis kata-kata tersebut di papan tulis.
 Guru menceritakan dengan keras cerita kepada siswa (read
aloud) dalam bahasa inggris.
 Guru menginstruksikan kepada salah seorang siswa maju
kedepan untuk membaca teks.
 Guru menulis kata-kata yang salah diucapakan oleh siswa.
 Guru membenakan kata-kata yang salah dan meminta siswa
mengulanginya secara bersama-sama.
 Guru menanyakan pada siswa tentang kata-kata sulit yang ada
dalam teks dan guru membenarkan jika ada yang salah.
 Siswa menjawab pertanyaan mengenai teks.
c. Penutup
 Guru menjelaskan kembali pelajaran yang telah diajarkan secara
singkat.
 Guru menanyakan kesulitan materi yang diberikan
 Guru berdiskusi kesulitan materi dengan siswa
 Guru membuat dan memberikan kesimpulan kepada siswa.
Pertemuan 2
d. Kegiatan Pendahuluan
proses pembelajaran
 Mengajukan pertanyaan-pertanyaan yang mengaitkan
pengetahuan sebelumnya dengan materi yang akan dipelajari.
61
e. Kegiatan inti
teks „Prambanan‟ pada siswa.
 Guru menanyakan tentang prambanan pada siswa yang mereka
f. Penutup
62
H. Media dan Alat:
1. Alat : Spidol, papan tulis, kamus, kertas, buku.
I. Sumber Belajar
a. Reading Text
J. Evaluasi
 Siswa dinilai dan kerepatan menjawab pertanyaan yang diajukan
secara langsung.
 Siswa dinilai dari hasil tes yang mereka lakukan.
Tangerang, 2 April 2018
Guru Mata Pelajaran, Mahasiswa Penelitian,
Yosi Destira, S.Pd Irawati Yuliasari
63
The Lesson Plan

B. Kompetensi Dasar
sederhana secara akurat, lancar dan berterima yang berkaitan dengan
lingkungan terdekat.
C. Indikator
Pertemuan 3
Pertemuan 4
64
Text
MY BEST FRIEND
I have a lot of friends in my school, but Dinda has been my best

friend since junior high school. We don‟t study in the same class, but we
meet at school every day during recess and after school. I first met her at
junior high school orientation and we have been friends ever since.
Dinda is good-looking. She‟s not too tall, with fair skin and wavy
black hair that she often puts in a ponytail. At school, she wears the
uniform. Other than that, she likes to wear jeans, casual t-shirts and
sneakers. Her favourite t-shirts are those in bright colors like pink, light
green and orange. She is always cheerful. She is also very friendly and
likes to make friends with anyone. Like many other girls, she is also
talkative. She likes to share her thoughts and feelings to her friends. I think
that‟s why many friends enjoy her company. However, she can be a bit
childish sometimes. For example, when she doesn‟t get what she wants,
she acts like a child and stamps her feet.
Dinda loves drawing, especially the manga characters. She always

has a sketchbook with her everywhere she goes. She would spend some
time to draw the manga characters from her imagination. Her sketches are
amazingly great. I‟m really glad to have a best friend like Dinda.
Answer the following questions based on the text above.
1. Who is being describe in the text?

2. How long have the writer and Dinda been friends?
3. What does Dinda look like?
4. What are her favourite clothes?
5. What kind of t-shirts does she likes?
6. Describe Dinda‟s personality briefly.
65
7. Why do many friends enjoy Dinda‟s company?
8. What is Dinda‟s bad habit?
9. What is Dinda‟s hobby?
10. How does the writer feel about Dinda?
F. Metode Pembelajaran
Plan) strategy.
G. Langkah-langkah Pembelajaran
Pertemuan 3
proses pembelajaran
b. Kegiatan inti
teks „My best friend‟ pada siswa.
 Guru menanyakan tentang Prambanan pada siswa yang mereka
c. Penutup
singkat.
66
Pertemuan 4
d. Kegiatan Pendahuluan
proses pembelajaran
e. Kegiatan inti
teks „My best friend‟ pada siswa.
 Guru menanyakan tentang prambanan pada siswa yang mereka
f. Penutup
H. Media dan Alat:
I. Sumber Belajar
 Reading Text
J. Evaluasi
secara langsung.
67
Yosi Destira, S.Pd Irawati Yuliasari
68
The Lesson Plan

B. Kompetensi Dasar
sederhana secara akurat, lancar dan berterima yang berkaitan dengan
lingkungan terdekat.
C. Indikator
Pertemuan 5
Pertemuan 6
69
Text
Visiting Niagara Falls
Niagara Falls is the collective name for three waterfalls

that cross the international border between the Canadian province
of Ontario and the USA‟s state of New York. They form the
southern end of the Niagara Gorge. From largest to smallest, the
three waterfalls are the Horseshoe Falls, the American Falls and
the Bridal Veil Falls. The Horseshoe Falls lie on the Canadian side
and the American Falls on the American side. They are separated
by Goat Island. The smaller Bridal Veil Falls are also located on the
American side, separated from the other waterfalls by Luna Island.
There are various attractions that people can enjoy in Niagara Falls,
six of them are describe here.
The first to enjoy in Niagara Falls is Cave of the Winds.

This attraction helps people get closer to the falls and go face-to-
face with the pounding waters of the Falls. People can get soaked
on the Hurricane Deck where they are just feet from the thundering
waters. Waterproof clothing and sandals are provided. A trip at
night when the Falls are illuminated in a ranbow of color is really
amazing.
The second charm is Maid of the Mist Boat Tour. It is

a world-famous scenic boat tour of the American and Canadian
Falls for about a half-hour ride. People may access the tour via the
Observation Tower elevator at Prospect Point in the state park. The
boat operates mid-May until late October.
The next to visit in Niagara Falls is Niagara Adventure

Theater. Here tourists may enjoy the most powerful and involving
film experience that brings reality to life on a 45 foot screen.
Audience members are given the priviledge to discover the
thundering Falls from a completely new and exhilarating
perspective, and plunge over them. The theater shows hourly and
free multi-language headsets are made available.
70
Niagara Science Museum is another place to visit. It is
a sanctuary for the preservation and appreciation of old science
instruments and philosophical apparatus.
The fifth point of interest is Niagara’s Wax Museum of

History. Here, life-size wax figures portraying dramatic history of
Niagara Falls are presented to guests. They can see Fort Niagara
Scene, Indian Village, old store, blacksmith and barber shop scenes
and how electricity is made. Wax figures of Julia Roberts, Princess
Diana and many more are displayed here., too.
Finally, people can also enjoy Rainbow Air Helicopter

Tours above and around the American and Canadian Falls. The
tours start from downtown, next to the entrance to the Rainbow
Bridge, and open from 9am to dusk when weather permits. The
tours operate every day from second weekend May until October
31st.
The Niagara Falls are renowned both for their beauty

and as valuable source of hydroelectric power. Managing the
balance between recreational, commercial, and industrial uses has
been a challenge for the stewards of the falls since the 19 th century.
Metode Pembelajaran

Plan) strategy.
F. Langkah-langkah Pembelajaran
Pertemuan 5
proses pembelajaran
b. Kegiatan inti
teks „Niagara Falls‟ pada siswa.
71
 Guru menanyakan tentang Niagara Falls pada siswa yang mereka
G. Penutup
singkat.
Pertemuan 6
proses pembelajaran
b. Kegiatan inti
teks „Niagara Falls‟ pada siswa.
 Guru menanyakan tentang Niagara Falls pada siswa yang mereka
72
c. Penutup
H. Media dan Alat:

I. Sumber Belajar
a. Reading Text
J. Evaluasi
secara langsung.
Yosi Destira, S.Pd Irawati YuliasarI
Appendix 2
Pre Test Reading Comprehension
TANJUNG PUTING NATIONAL PARK
One of the internationally famous ecotourism destinations in

Indonesia is Tanjung Puting National Park in the southwest of
Central Kalimantan peninsula. Tanjung Puting National Park offers
73
impressive experience to its visitors. This is called a park, but unlike
any park that you have seen in your city, this is a jungle! It is a real
jungle, which is home to the most incredible animals in the world:
orang utans and proboscis monkeys! The male proboscis monkeys
are interesting because they have enormous snout. So, imagine
yourself to be in the jungle and meet these special animals in their
original habitat. What will you do when you meet them?
To see orang utans we should go to Camp Leakey . Camp

Leakey is located in the heart of Tanjung Puting National Park. This
is a rehabilitation place for ex-captive orang utans and also a
preservation sit. This camp was established by Birute Galdikas, an
important scientist who has studied orang utans since 1971.
To reach the place, we should take a boat down Sekonyer

river. The boat is popularly called perahu klotok which is a
boathouse that can accommodate for people. The trip by the boat to
Camp Leakey takes three days and two nights.
The traveling in the boat offers another unforgettable

experience. You sleep, cook, and eat in that klotok, night and day
during your journey into the jungle. In daylight, on your way to camp
Leakey, you can see trees filled with proboscis monkeys. At night,
you can enjoy the clear sky and the amazingly bright stars as the
only lights for the night.
1. Where is Tanjung Puting National Park located?

2. Mention the incredible animals in Tanjung Puting National Park?
74
75
Appendix 3
Post Test Reading Comprehension
Visiting Niagara Falls
Niagara Falls is the collective name for three waterfalls

that cross the international border between the Canadian province
of Ontario and the USA‟s state of New York. They form the
southern end of the Niagara Gorge. From largest to smallest, the
three waterfalls are the Horseshoe Falls, the American Falls and
the Bridal Veil Falls. The Horseshoe Falls lie on the Canadian side
and the American Falls on the American side. They are separated
by Goat Island. The smaller Bridal Veil Falls are also located on the
American side, separated from the other waterfalls by Luna Island.
There are various attractions that people can enjoy in Niagara Falls,
six of them are describe here.
The first to enjoy in Niagara Falls is Cave of the Winds.

This attraction helps people get closer to the falls and go face-to-
face with the pounding waters of the Falls. People can get soaked
on the Hurricane Deck where they are just feet from the thundering
waters. Waterproof clothing and sandals are provided. A trip at
night when the Falls are illuminated in a ranbow of color is really
amazing.
The second charm is Maid of the Mist Boat Tour. It is

a world-famous scenic boat tour of the American and Canadian
Falls for about a half-hour ride. People may access the tour via the
Observation Tower elevator at Prospect Point in the state park. The
boat operates mid-May until late October.
The next to visit in Niagara Falls is Niagara Adventure

Theater. Here tourists may enjoy the most powerful and involving
film experience that brings reality to life on a 45 foot screen.
Audience members are given the priviledge to discover the
thundering Falls from a completely new and exhilarating
perspective, and plunge over them. The theater shows hourly and
free multi-language headsets are made available.
Niagara Science Museum is another place to visit. It is

a sanctuary for the preservation and appreciation of old science
instruments and philosophical apparatus.
76
The fifth point of interest is Niagara’s Wax Museum of
History. Here, life-size wax figures portraying dramatic history of
Niagara Falls are presented to guests. They can see Fort Niagara
Scene, Indian Village, old store, blacksmith and barber shop scenes
and how electricity is made. Wax figures of Julia Roberts, Princess
Diana and many more are displayed here., too.
Finally, people can also enjoy Rainbow Air Helicopter

Tours above and around the American and Canadian Falls. The
tours start from downtown, next to the entrance to the Rainbow
Bridge, and open from 9am to dusk when weather permits. The
tours operate every day from second weekend May until October
31st.
The Niagara Falls are renowned both for their beauty

and as valuable source of hydroelectric power. Managing the
balance between recreational, commercial, and industrial uses has
been a challenge for the stewards of the falls since the 19 th century.
1. Where is Niagara Falls located?

2. Mention the three waterfalls that form the Niagara Falls.
3. What can people enjoy in the Cave of the winds?
4. Can people ride on the Maid of the Mist Boat Tour in January?
5. Where can people watch a film of the thundering falls with completely
different background?
6. Can the tourists enjoy the film in their own language?
7. What is kept in Niagara Science Museum?
8. What is shown in Niagara‟s Wax Museum of History?
9. Where can people see the story of how electricity was made?
10. Isi it possible for people to have Rainbow Air Helicopter Tours at night?
77
78
Appendix 4
Letter of University
79
Appendix 5
Letter of School
80
Appendix 6
Guidance Consultant Letter
81
82
Appendix 7
Witnessed Thesis Examination
83
Appendix 8
Letter of Validation
84
Appendix 9
Documentation Photo
85
86
87
Appendix 10
Curriculum Vitae
CURICULUM VITAE
Curriculum Vitae (CV)
PERSONAL DATA
Name : Irawati Yuliasari
Time and Place of Birth : Tangerang, 07 July 1996
Gender : Female
Religion : Islam
Height : 160 cm
Weight : 52 kg
Address : Jl. Raya Puspiptek Gg. H. Saikem RT.
001/002 No. 40 Kademangan, Setu –
Tangerang Selatan
Marital Status : Not Married

Phone Number : 0896-0293-9346
Email : irawatiyuliasari1@gmail.com
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
2002- SD Negri Kademangan 1 -
2008
2008- MTs. Serpong -
2011
2011- SMA Negri 12 Tangerang Selatan Science
2014
2014- Muhammadiyah Jakarta University English
Now Education
WORK EXPERIENCE
2013- Employees Nayla‟s counter
2014
2016- Teacher Homeschooling Primagama
2018
88
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THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PREP (PRE – READING PLAN)

STRATEGY TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ READING

Submitted as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the

Name : Irawati Yuliasari

ENGLISH EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM

Thesis July 2018

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PREP (PRE-READING PLAN) STRATEGY

The objective of this study is to know the effectiveness of Pre-Reading

Keywords : Pre-Reading Plan (PREP) Strategy, Reading Comprehension,

References 20 (2000 – 2016)

Skripsi July 2018

EFEKTIFITAS PREP STRATEGI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN

Kata kunci : Pre-Reading Plan (PREP) Strategy, Pemahaman Membaca,

Daftar Pustaka 20 (2000 – 2016)

In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful.

This thesis is presented to English Education Program, Faculty of

1. Dr. Iswan, M.Si., as the Dean of Faculty of Educational Sciences;

and suggestions are welcome to the improvement of this thesis. Hopefully,

the presence of this thesis can be useful for the readers.

Jakarta, 11 Agustus 2018

APPROVAL SHEET .......................................................................... iii

BOARD OF EXAMINERS APPROVAL ............................................. iv

ENDORSEMENT SHEET .................................................................. v

PAKTA INTEGRITAS ........................................................................ vi

PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI ILMIAH ..................... vii

DEDICATION .................................................................................... viii

TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................... xii

LIST OF TABEL ................................................................................ xv

LIST OF DIAGRAM ........................................................................... xvi

LIST OF APPENDICES ..................................................................... xvii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ........................................................ 1

A. Background of the Study ...................................... 1

B. Identification of the Problem ................................. 6

C. Limitation of the Problem ...................................... 7

D. Problem of the Study ............................................ 7

E. The Objective of the Study ...................................

F. Significance of the Study ......................................

A. The Description of the Data .................................. 9

a. The Definition of Reading .......................... 13

b. The Purpose of Reading ............................ 14

c. Reading Strategies .................................... 14

d. Parts of Reading ........................................ 16

e. Types of Reading ....................................... 17

ion of Reading comprehension .............. 18

ing Reading Comprehension ................. 20

3. Pre-Reading Plan (PREP) strategy .................. 22

ion of PREP Strategy ................................ 22

of PREP strategy ...................................... 23

Phases of PREP Strategy ......................... 27

Steps of PREP Strategy ........................... 29

Advantages of PREP Strategy .................. 29

B. Theoretical Framework ......................................... 30

C. Hypothesis of The Study ..................................... 32

CHAPTER III METHODS AND PROCEDURES

A. Time and Place of the Study ................................ 33

B. Method of the Study ............................................. 33

C. Operational Definition of Variables ....................... 35

D. Population and Sample ........................................ 36

E. Technique of Collecting the Data ......................... 37

F. Technique of Analyzing Data................................ 41