Haseeb Waqas

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA)
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
CO2 Carbon dioxide

°C Degree Celsius
dB(A) A weighted decibel scale
DRP Defecation-Remelt-Phosphatation
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EMMP Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan
EMP Environmental Management Plan
Engr. Engineer
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
EPD Environmental Protection Department
GEL Global Environmental Lab
HWSML Haseeb Waqas Sugar Mill Limited
IEE Initial Environmental Examination
km Kilometer
KPK Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Ltd. Limited
LTI Loss Time Injury
LWI Loss Work Injury
m3 Cubic meter
m3/h Cubic meter per hour
M Million
M/S Messrs
MMT Million metric tons
NEQS National Environmental Quality Standards
No. Number
NOC No Objection Certificate
NOx Oxides of Nitrogen
NW North-West
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PEPA, 1997 Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997

PEPA, 2012 Punjab Environmental Protection (Amendment) Act, 2012
PKR Pakistani Rupees
PM Particulate Matter
PPEs Personal Protective Equipments
Pvt. Private
SOPs Standard Operation Procedures
SOx Oxides of Sulfur
SE South-east
TCD tonnes sugar cane crushed per day
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION
Haseeb Waqas Sugar Mills Limited (HWSML), one of the largest white refined sugar
manufacturers in Pakistan, intends to establish a Sugar Manufacturing Unit at Maoza Jugmull,
Tehsil Jatoi, District Muzaffargarh. M/S Ecogreen Company (Pvt) Ltd., have been engaged
for conducting Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) of the project.
The main objectives of this EIA are to establish baseline environmental conditions, identify
potential impacts and suggest suitable mitigation measures for the execution of the proposed
project. This study has been accomplished in line with the provisions – guidelines and
directives of Punjab Environmental Protection Agency.
This executive summary presents an overview of the main findings of the EIA report for the
aforesaid project i-e Sugar Mill.
PROPONENT:
Mr. Abdullah Ilyas,, Director HWSML is the proponent for the aforesaid proposed project.
Haseeb Waqas group is working since 1992. The Haseeb Waqas group is the market leader in
the sugar industry with bench marks that conform to international standards. The achievement
of the group has enabled it to firmly assert itself as a large industry conglomerate.
PROJECT DESCRIPTION:
The HWSML is planning to establish a 8000-10000 TCD (tonnes sugar cane crushed per day)
capacity sugar mill at Maoza Jugmull, Tehsil Jatoi, District Muzaffargarh. The whole sugar
mill unit will have an area of 576 Kanals. The covered area for the project is 76 Kanals. The
total estimated cost for the project is approx PKR 3.8 billion.
The sugar manufacturing process will consist of following steps:
1. Extraction of juice (crushing)

2. Clarification of juice
3. Concentration of juice (juice to syrup) by evaporation
4. Boiling of syrup to grain (crystallization)
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5. Separation of crystals from mother liquor (centrifuging)
Figure 1: Sugar Manufacturing Process
The proposed project is justified by the vision and mission of Haseeb Waqas Group to
encourage and promote industrialization in the county. The total manpower required for the
sugar mill will be about 794 workers whose number will progressively increase as the factory
gains momentum and becomes fully operational. Eventually, the factory operations are
expected to support the livelihoods of approximately more than 50,000 people comprising of;
farmers and their families, farm laborers, traders, tractor and vehicle operators which will then
support the overall economic development vision of Country and the wider region.
MAJOR IMPACTS AND RECOMMENDED MITIGATION MEASURES:
Impact Mitigation measure

Solid waste generation • Provide solid waste handling facilities such as waste
bins and skips in all sections of the sugar factory
• Ensure that solid waste generated is regularly disposed
off appropriately
• Re-use the bagasse which is the residual woody fiber
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of the cane as fuel for boilers.

• The filter mud will be used for the production of dry
filter cake to be used as a fertilizer or cattle feed.
• Non-biodegradable and recyclable matter, such as
containers, waste papers, used materials, waste
packaging materials, will be sold to local contractors
for recycling or reuse purpose.
Wastewater generation • Wastewater generated will be treated in lagoons over
an area of 4 acre. After treatment, wastewater will be
discharged in sugarcane fields owned by proponent
(these fields will be grown nearby site by proponent in
future)
Air pollution • Use of captive Bagasse from cane crushing as a fuel
• Complete combustion, wet scrubbers, ash collection
system, and effective ash handling are the mitigation
measures which will be adopted in said project for
control of air emissions.
• Mixing of collected ash with press mud to sell to
farmers/ brick producers (available near site) is another
suggested mitigation measure to minimize the probable
impacts of fuel handling & safe ash disposal.
• HWSML needs to regularly carry out checks of all
motor driven vehicles and carry out regular servicing
and maintenance of it in order to keep the
environmental impact on account of their exhaust
emissions to its minimum level.
• For reducing fugitive dust, regular water sprinkling on
Kachha roads will be done.
• All trucks proposed to be used for transportation will
be covered with tarpaulin, maintained and optimally
loaded.
Noise & vibration • Proper encasement of noise generating sources will be
done to control the noise levels within limits.
• The steam turbine generator will be provided with
acoustic enclosures and silencers in the exhaust. The
steam turbine will be housed in a closed building which
will considerably reduce the noise. In case of
maintenance, the persons working near the steam
turbine generator building will be provided with ear
muffs.
• All the workers will be provided with PPEs
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ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT & MONITORING PLANS:

During construction, ambient air quality for dust level in particular, noise level (tests), soil
contamination, and community and workers’ safety (visual) need to be monitored. Plan has
been included in Chapter-6 of this Report. During operation phase, boilers stack emissions,
noise level of machinery and wastewater parameters are to be monitored.
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LIST OF ANNEXURE
Following Documents are attached as annexure.
ANNEXURE I: PROPONENT CNIC
ANNEXURE II: LAYOUT MAPS
ANNEXURE III: ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING REPORTS
ANNEXURE IV: TERMS OF REFERENCES
ANNEXURE V: GLOSSARY
ANNEXURE VI: REFERENCES
ANNEXURE VII: MANPOWER/WORKFORCE
ANNEXURE VIII: LIST OF INDIVIDUALS AND ORGANIZATIONS CONSULTED
ANNEXURE IX: LIST OF NAMES AND QUALIFICATION OF EXPERT TEAM

MEMBERS
ANNEXURE X: MASS BALANCE
ANNEXURE XI: PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
ANNEXURE XII: LIST OF MACHINERY
LIST OF SUPPLEMENTS:
SUPPLEMENT A: PROPERTY DOCUMENTS
SUPPLEMENT B: SOCIO-ECONOMIC FORMS
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .................................................................................... 13
1.1 GENERAL ............................................................................................................................... 13

1.2 THE PROPONENT ................................................................................................................. 16
1.3 THE PROJECT ........................................................................................................................ 16
1.4 NATURE OF PROJECT ......................................................................................................... 16
1.5 SIZE OF PROJECT ................................................................................................................. 16
1.6 LOCATION OF PROJECT ..................................................................................................... 17
1.7 COST OF THE PROJECT ....................................................................................................... 17
1.8 DETAILS OF CONSULTANTS ............................................................................................. 17
1.9 PURPOSE OF REPORT .......................................................................................................... 17
2 CHAPTER 2: DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT .............................................................. 19
2.1 GENERAL ............................................................................................................................... 19

2.2 TYPE AND CATEGORY OF PROJECT ............................................................................... 19
2.3 OBJECTIVES OF PROJECT .................................................................................................. 19
2.4 ALTERNATIVES .................................................................................................................... 19
2.4.1 Site alternatives ................................................................................................................ 19
2.4.2 Technology alternative..................................................................................................... 22
2.4.2.1 Juice extraction technology:......................................................................................... 22
2.4.2.2 Granular sugar manufacturing technology alternative ................................................. 23
2.5 LOCATION AND LAYOUT OF PROJECT .......................................................................... 23
2.6 LAND OWNERSHIP .............................................................................................................. 24
2.7 LAND USE ON SITE .............................................................................................................. 24
2.8 GOVERNMENT APPROVALS ............................................................................................. 25
2.9 ROAD ACCESS ...................................................................................................................... 25
2.10 VEGETATION FEATURES OF SITE ................................................................................... 26
2.11 RELOCATION AND REHABILITATION PLANS .............................................................. 28
2.12 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT ................................................................................................ 30
2.13 POWER & STEAM REQUIREMENT ................................................................................... 35
2.14 Water Requirement & Wastewater generation ........................................................................ 35
2.15 By-product ............................................................................................................................... 36
2.16 MANPOWER .......................................................................................................................... 37
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2.17 SOLID WASTE GENERATION............................................................................................. 37

2.18 LIST OF MACHINERY .......................................................................................................... 38
2.19 MASS BALANCE ................................................................................................................... 38
2.20 SCHEDULE OF IMPLEMENTATION .................................................................................. 38
2.21 COST AND MAGNITUDE OF OPERATION ....................................................................... 38
3 CHAPTER 3: DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ......................................... 41
3.1 GENERAL ............................................................................................................................... 41

3.2 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ................................................................................................ 41
3.2.1 TOPOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................... 41
3.3 GEOLOGY & SEISMICITY ................................................................................................... 41
3.3.1 WATER RESOURCES ................................................................................................... 43
3.3.2 CLIMATE ........................................................................................................................ 46
3.3.3 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY ............................................................................................. 49
3.3.4 NOISE .............................................................................................................................. 55
3.4 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT ........................................................................................... 56
3.4.1 Flora ................................................................................................................................. 56
3.4.2 Fauna ................................................................................................................................ 62
3.5 SOCIOECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT .................................................................................. 74
3.5.1 DEMOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................. 74
3.5.2 HEALTH FACILITIES ................................................................................................... 75
3.5.3 EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES ....................................................................................... 77
3.5.4 INDUSTRIES .................................................................................................................. 78
3.6 QUALITY OF LIFE VALUES................................................................................................ 79
3.7 LAB REPORTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS ......................................................... 81
4 CHAPTER 4: STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION .................................................... 83
4.1 GENERAL ............................................................................................................................... 83

4.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION ................................................ 83
4.3 CONSULTATION PROCESS ................................................................................................ 84
4.3.1 Consultation Methodology ............................................................................................... 84
4.3.1.1 Consultation Material ................................................................................................... 84
4.3.1.2 Community Consultation Mechanism.......................................................................... 84
4.4 STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTED.......................................................................................... 84
4.5 STAKEHOLDER CONCERNS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................... 85
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4.5.1 Concerns raised by the public .......................................................................................... 87

4.5.2 Recommendations made by the participants .................................................................... 88
5 CHAPTER 5: POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION
MEASURES .............................................................................................................................. 96
5.1 GENERAL ............................................................................................................................... 96

5.2 OBJECTIVES .......................................................................................................................... 96
5.3 Impacts Associated with Construction Phase .......................................................................... 98
5.3.1 Impact on Topography ..................................................................................................... 99
5.3.2 Soil Contamination .......................................................................................................... 99
5.3.3 Impact on Air Environment ............................................................................................. 99
5.3.4 Impact on Water Environment ....................................................................................... 100
5.3.5 Impact on Flora & Fauna ............................................................................................... 100
5.3.6 Impact on Noise Environment ....................................................................................... 100
5.3.7 Occupational Safety ....................................................................................................... 101
5.4 IMPACTS DURING OPERATION PHASE ........................................................................ 101
5.4.1 Impact on Air Environment ........................................................................................... 101
5.4.2 Impact on Noise Environment ....................................................................................... 102
5.4.3 Solid waste management ................................................................................................ 103
5.4.4 Impact on water environment ........................................................................................ 103
5.4.5 Impact on Socioeconomic Environment ........................................................................ 104
5.5 ENVIRONMENTAL ENHANCEMENT.............................................................................. 104
6 CHAPTER 6: ENVIRONMENTAL MANGEMENT AND MONITORING PLANS
105
6.1 GENERAL ............................................................................................................................. 105

6.2 OBJECTIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ..................................... 105
6.3 MANAGEMENT APPROACH ............................................................................................ 105
6.4 COMPONENTS OF THE EMP ............................................................................................ 106
6.5 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN ......................................................................... 106
6.6 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN ....................................................................... 112
6.7 INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY OF THE UNIT ................................................................... 115
6.8 PRIMARY RESPONSIBILITIES ......................................................................................... 115
6.9 OPERATION MANAGEMENT & CONTROL ................................................................... 115
6.10 SUPERVISION & MONITORING ....................................................................................... 115
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6.11 COMMUNICATIONS AND DOCUMENTATION ............................................................. 115

6.12 ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING ......................................................................................... 115
6.13 EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE DETAILS ......................................................................... 116
6.14 ENVIRONMENTAL BUDGET ............................................................................................ 116
7 CHAPTER 7: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS .................................. 117
7.1 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................. 117

7.2 Recommendation ................................................................................................................... 117
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Sugar Manufacturing Process ........................................................................................ 4

Figure 2: Sugar Consumption mmt ............................................................................................. 15
Figure 3: Distance of site from nearest receptors ....................................................................... 21
Figure 4: Location of project ...................................................................................................... 24
Figure 5: Road network .............................................................................................................. 25
Figure 6: Access road.................................................................................................................. 26
Figure 7: Vegetation in surroundings of project site .................................................................. 28
Figure 8: Distance from nearest Residence ................................................................................ 29
Figure 9: Operational flowchart in sugar sector ......................................................................... 30
Figure 10: Sugarcane transportation ........................................................................................... 31
Figure 11: Multiple Effect evaporation....................................................................................... 33
Figure 12: Process Flow Chart .................................................................................................... 34
Figure 13: The typical by-products and wastes in sugar industry .............................................. 37
Figure 14: Fault map of Pakistan ................................................................................................ 42
Figure 15: Seismic zoning map of Pakistan ................................................................................ 43
Figure 16: Monthly Average Flows in Muzaffargarh Canal ...................................................... 44
Figure 17: Weighted Mean Monthly Rainfall in Project Area: .................................................. 47
Figure 18: Weighted Mean Wind Speed (Km/h) in Project Area ............................................... 48
Figure 19: Five Years (2010 to 2014) Weighted Mean Relative Humidity in project area ........ 49
Figure 20: Ambient air quality locations .................................................................................... 50
Figure 21: Hourly weighted Avg concentration of NO .............................................................. 52
Figure 22: hourly weighted average concentration of NO2........................................................ 52
Figure 23: 24 hour weighted average concentration of SO2 ...................................................... 52
Figure 24: 24-hour weighted average concentration of SPM ..................................................... 53
Figure 25: 24-hour weighted average concentration of PM10 ................................................... 53
Figure 26: 24-hour weighted average concentration of PM2.5 .................................................. 54
Figure 27: 24-hour weighted average concentration of CO........................................................ 54
Figure 28: 24-hour weighted average concentration of Ozone ................................................... 55
Figure 29: Nearest hospital & medical store............................................................................... 76
Figure 30: Nearest School ........................................................................................................... 78
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Figure 31: Ambient Air Monitoring ........................................................................................... 82

Figure 32: Noise Monitoring ...................................................................................................... 82
Figure 33: Consultation with community in Alipur .................................................................... 89
Figure 34: Consultation with people in Jatoi .............................................................................. 90
Figure 35: Consultation with female community ....................................................................... 91
Figure 36: Consultation with private doctor ............................................................................... 91
Figure 37: Consultation with doctor in Sultan Surgical Hospital ............................................... 92
Figure 38: Consultation with nurse ............................................................................................. 92
Figure 39: Consultation with female doctor ............................................................................... 93
Figure 40: Consultation with teachers in school ......................................................................... 93
Figure 41: Consultation with people outside mosque ................................................................. 94
Figure 42: Consultation with people on nearby road .................................................................. 94
Figure 43: Consultation with bank manager ............................................................................... 95
Figure 44: consultation with Chairman municipal committee Alipur ........................................ 95
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Sugar Production 2015-16 ............................................................................................ 14

Table 2: Province wise total production of Pakistan .................................................................. 14
Table 3: Export of Sugar ............................................................................................................. 15
Table 4: List of experts ............................................................................................................... 17
Table 5: Distance of site from nearest receptors ......................................................................... 20
Table 6: Water Balance at 100000 TCD ..................................................................................... 36
Table 7: Tentative Schedule of Implementation ......................................................................... 38
Table 8: Mean Monthly Maximum Temperatures (0C), in Project Area .................................... 46
Table 9: Mean Monthly Minimum Temperatures (0C), in Project Area..................................... 46
Table 10: Mean Monthly rainfall ( mm) in project area ............................................................. 47
Table 11: Mean Monthly Wind Speed (Km/h) in Project Area (2010-2014) ............................. 48
Table 12: Monthly Average Wind Direction in Proposed Project Area ..................................... 48
Table 13: Mean Monthly Relative Humidity (%) in Project Area (2010-2014)......................... 49
Table 14: Ambient air quality results.......................................................................................... 51
Table 15: Estimated population of project area by gender ......................................................... 74
Table 16: percentage distribution of population by age group ................................................... 74
Table 17: Health facilities in surrounding areas of project ......................................................... 75
Table 18: List of consulted stakeholders .................................................................................... 84
Table 19: Environmental Management Plan............................................................................. 107
Table 20: Environmental Monitoring Plan ............................................................................... 113
Table 21: Environmental training program............................................................................... 115
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1 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL
The world's largest consumers of sugar are India, China, Brazil, USA, Russia, Mexico,
Pakistan, Indonesia, Germany and Egypt. Brazil & India are the largest sugar producing
countries followed by China, USA, Thailand, Australia, Mexico, Pakistan, France and
Germany. Global sugar production increased from approximately 125.88 MMT (Million
Metric Tons) in 1995-1996 to 149.4 MMT in 2002-2003 and then declined to 143.7 MMT
in 2003-2004, whereas consumption increased steadily from 118.1 MMT in 1995-1996 to
142.8 MMT in 2003-2004. The world consumption is projected to grow to 160.7 MMT in
2010 and 176.1 MMT by 2015.
Reference: Draft EIA Report for M/s. Shivashakti Sugars Limited
The sugar industry in Pakistan is the second largest agro based industry after Textiles.
Pakistan is an important cane producing country and is ranked fifth in world cane acreage
and 9th in sugar production. The share of sugar industry in value added of agriculture and
GDP are 3.2 percent and 0.7 percent respectively. The sugar sector constitutes 4.2 percent
of manufacturing. It employs over 1.5 million people, including management experts,
technologists, engineers, and financial experts, skilled, semiskilled and unskilled workers.
Pakistan’s 2012-13 (Oct-Sep) sugar production is estimated at a 4.7 million metric tonnes
in addition to 1.3 million metric tonnes of beginning stocks, making for a total 2012-2013
sugar supply of around 6.0 million metric tonnes.
The sugarcane production is reported at 62.5 million metric tonnes against the target of
59 million metric tonnes set by Pakistan Sugar Mills Association. This is 5.9% higher
than the 2011-12 produce of 58.4 million metric tonnes. The detailed break-up of the
sugar produced in 2011-12 is shown below in the table.
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Table 1: Sugar Production 2015-16
Punjab is the highest producer of sugar with production of 3.1 million metric tonnes
approx, followed by Sindh with total production of 1.25 million metric tonnes. KPK lags
behind considerably with production of around 287,000 tonnes. The province wise
production is summarized below in table.
Table 2: Province wise total production of Pakistan
Cane Beet Sugar Production Total

Province Raw Molasses
Crushed Sliced production
(Cane) (Raw) (Beet)
Punjab 32,203,007 ----- ------- 3,116,348 ------- ------- 3,116,348 1,445,830
Sindh 13,040,210 ----- ------- 1,250,036 ------- ------- 1,250,036 624,956
KPK 3,005,318 176,709 268,766 ------- 18,216 286,982 153,583
Total
48,248,535 ----- 176,709 4,652,164 ------- 18,216 4,670,380 2,224,369
2011-12
Total
44,526,719 42,360 151,265 4,119,516 39,678 13,535 4,172,729 2,034,555
2010-11
Source: Pakistan Sugar Mills Association
The sugar consumption for the year 2012-13 is estimated to be around 4.4 million metric
tonnes. Total consumption of sugar over the years is increasing mainly due to growing
demand by the processed food sector. Bulk sugar consumers such as bakeries, candy, ice
cream and soft drink manufacturers account for about 60 percent of the total sugar
demand. The sugar consumption in 2011-12 was 4.385 million metric tonnes as
compared to 4.096 million metric tonnes in 2010-11. The average monthly consumption
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in 2011-12 was hence 365,688 tonnes, as compared to 341,367 tonnes in 2010-11. The
yearly trend is shown below in the figure.
Figure 2: Sugar Consumption mmt

Source: Economic Survey of Pakistan
The kg per capita consumption in 2011-12 was 24.57, as compared to 23.12 in 2010-11.
The yearly trend in the export of sugar (fiscal year wise) is tabulated as follow:
Table 3: Export of Sugar

Fiscal Year Quantity (Tonnes) Value in “000” Rupees Avg Price Rs / Tonne
1997-98 210,632 2,897,750 13,757
1998-99 906,602 11,549,170 12,739
1999-00 -- -- --
2000-01 -- -- --
2001-02 -- -- --
2002-03 45,669 627,949 13,750
2003-04 116,175 1,589,210 13,670
2004-05 54,771 1,028,710 18,782
2005-06 61,047 1,590,555 26,055
2006-07 12 330 27,500
2007-08 260,840 5,738,856 22,015
2008-09 23,980 639,677 26,675
2009-10 -- -- --
2010-11 -- -- --
2011-12 48,672 2,575,403 52,913
Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics
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Reference: Overview of Sugar Industry in Pakistan, June 2013
As per PEPA 2012 and the IEE/EIA Regulations, 2000 it is mandatory for the proponent
of any development project to obtain Environmental Approval from EPA Punjab by filing
an IEE or EIA as the case may be, before the Agency. This Report presents the
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for this proposed Project. For this purpose, the
proponent has engaged environmental consultants, M/s Ecogreen Company (Pvt.) Ltd.
The purpose of this study is to identify the environmental baseline i.e. physical, biological
and socio-economic/cultural conditions and assess all possible impacts arising during the
construction and operation phase of the project with the aim to find out appropriate
measures for their mitigation, to either eliminate those impacts or to bring them to
acceptable level and formulate Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for
implementation of the project in environment-friendly manner.
The report provides relevant information, as required under the officially approved
format, to facilitate the decision makers i.e. EPA Punjab for the issuance of
Environmental Approval.
1.2 THE PROPONENT

Name Mr. Abdullah Ilyas Director HWSML
Address 6-F, Model Town, Lahore, Pakistan
Contact No. 042-35917321~23
1.3 THE PROJECT

The Proposed Project is the Establishment of Haseeb Waqas Sugar Mill. Its salient
features have been described later in this Chapter, Chapter 2 and briefly in Executive
Summary of this EIA Report.
1.4 NATURE OF PROJECT

This project is the Establishment of a Sugar Mill.
1.5 SIZE OF PROJECT

Proposed project is the establishment of 8000-10000 TCD (tonnes sugar cane crushed per
day) capacity sugar mill.
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1.6 LOCATION OF PROJECT

Proposed Project is located at Maoza Jugmull, Tehsil Jatoi, District Muzaffargarh.
1.7 COST OF THE PROJECT

Cost of project is approx. PKR 3.8 billion.
1.8 DETAILS OF CONSULTANTS

Consultant: Ecogreen Company (Pvt.) Ltd.
Address: 233-Rewaz Garden, Lahore
Contact No: 042-37171189
Study Team:
Table 4: List of experts

Sr. # Name Qualification
Team Leader
i. Muzna Manzoor MS Environmental Engineering (Scholar)
Environmental Engineers
i. Hira Iqbal MS Environmental Engineering (Scholar)
ii. Bilal Khan B.Sc. Environmental Engineering
iii. Abdullah Chisty MS Environmental Engineering (Scholar)
Environmental Scientist
iv. Houda Javed Ph.D. Environmental Sciences (Scholar)
v. Leenah Maqbool M.Phil. Environmental Sciences
vi. M. Waqas BS Hons. Environmental Sciences
vii. Adnan Naeem M.Sc. Analytical Chemistry & MS Env. Science
1.9 PURPOSE OF REPORT

The main objectives of this EIA study were:
• To determine and document the state of the environment of the project area to
establish a baseline in order to assess the suitability of the Proposed Project in that
area.
• To identify pre construction, construction and operation activities and to assess their
impacts on environment.
• Provide assistance to the proponent for planning, designing and implementing the
project in a way that would eliminate or minimize the negative impact on the
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biophysical and socio-economic environment and maximizing the benefits to all

parties in cost effective manner.
• To present Mitigation and Monitoring Plan to smoothly implement the suggested
mitigation measures and supervise their efficiency and effectiveness.
• To provide opportunity to the public for understanding the project and its impacts
on the community and their environment in the context of sustainable development.
• Prepare an EIA Report for submittal to the Environmental Protection Agency,
Punjab for according Environmental Approval.
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2 CHAPTER 2: DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
2.1 GENERAL
This section of the study concentrates on details of the project and its salient features;
such as location, site layout, objectives, selection of alternatives, cost and magnitude of
operation and various phases. Inputs and discharges relevant to different phases of the
project, such as electricity & materials, etc. have also been examined as a response to
possible environmental concerns.
2.2 TYPE AND CATEGORY OF PROJECT

As per Review of Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) and Environmental Impact
Assessment (EIA) Regulations, 2000 the Proposed Project falls in the B(4) category
(Food processing industries including sugar mills, beverages, milk and dairy products,
with total cost of Rs.100 million and above) of Projects mentioned in Schedule II.
2.3 OBJECTIVES OF PROJECT

HWSML is proposing to establish a sugar factory in District Muzaffargarh for the
purpose of processing sugar cane and producing milled sugar and other related
byproducts. The overall purpose for the establishment of sugar mill is to increase the
Pakistan’s competitiveness in the sugar sector and to meet domestic sugar demand using
local resources.
Company is endeavoring to be the leading Industry in Sugar Sector by building the
Company’s image through quality improvement, customers’ satisfaction and by
maintaining a high level of Ethical and Professional Standards through the Optimum use
of Resources. Another goal for the establishment of the factory is to create employment
and support out-growers to grow and supply sugar cane by providing them with assistance
in terms of land preparation extension services, seeds and fertilizers.
2.4 ALTERNATIVES
2.4.1 Site alternatives

No other site has been considered as a land under undisputed ownership is selected for
the Establishment of proposed sugar mill. Selected site is an unproductive land at this
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time and is going to be brought into industrial use which will be beneficial for the locals
as they will get jobs. The site is well located in regard to the following:
• Easy road access to the Site

• Easy access to market
• Easy access to raw materials (Sugarcane)
• No settlements at a safe distance
• No watercourse within a safe distance
• No ecologically sensitive or declared protected area within safe radius
The choice of the proposed site is justified because Muzaffargarh is endowed with
suitable natural conditions for increased sugarcane production so due to locally available
raw material and aforesaid reasons the selected site is best feasible for establishment of
proposed project. Distance from nearest receptors is:
Table 5: Distance of site from nearest receptors
Receptors Name Distance
Residence Alipur 7.6km
Main bazar Jatoi bazar 8.5km
School Al-saeed public 8km

school
Hospital New malik surgical 5.4km

hospital
Road Alipur road Adjacent
Water body Qadra Nalla 4.2km
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Figure 3: Distance of site from nearest receptors
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2.4.2 Technology alternative

2.4.2.1 Juice extraction technology:
Juice from cane can be extracted by milling or diffusion methods.
Juice extraction by milling is the process of squeezing the juice from the cane under a set mills
using high pressure between heavy iron rollers. Those mills can have from 3 up to 6 rolls; every
set of mills are called tandem mill or mill train. For improve the milling extraction efficiency,
imbibition water is added at each mill. Hot water is poured over the cane just before it enters
the last mill in the milling train and is recirculated up to the reach the first mill.
Sugarcane diffusion is the process of extracting the sucrose from the cane with the use of
imbibtion but without the squeezing by mills. Shredded cane is introduced into the diffuser at
the feed end, Hot water is poured over the shredded cane just before the discharge end of the
diffuser.
With milling process, the bagasse obtained does not require subsequent drying; however the
diffusion process leaves the fibre completely saturated with water and to extract this water, a
powerful mill is required in addition to the diffusion apparatus. By diffusion process, the
crushed cane become powdery, and their fuel-value is very inferior to that of the bagasse
obtained by direct milling, so that supplementary fuel (wood or coal) becomes necessary.
The diffusion process is a continuous one hence should be carried out day and night. The
quantity of cane treated by diffusion in 24 hours is strictly limited by the number and capacity
of the diffusers. The milling process is more adaptable, because the rollers can be adjusted to
admit more cane per day.
Diffusion gives a lower starch with reduced purity and about 25% more colour. Diffusion is
more sensitive to trash and gives around 6% more bagasse since all bagacillo is retained in the
extraction unit.
Juice heating is fundamental for diffusion in order to eliminate microorganisms and to promote
rate of extraction; for this reason there is a slight overall increase in the process steam demand
for diffusion.
Considering above advantages of milling over diffusion process for juice extraction, milling
technology alternative is adopted.
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2.4.2.2 Granular sugar manufacturing technology alternative
White granular sugars can be undertaken using either the open pan (OP) or vacuum pan (VP)
processes. The major difference between the VP and OPS technology is the method of
evaporating or boiling the juice. In open pan process, the boiling operation uses cascade type
furnaces of various configurations. The massecuite is removed from the final boiling pan at
about 84ºBrix, at a temperature of around 112ºC. Whereas in vacuum pan process, the juice is
boiled under vacuum, to about 70º Brix, inside closed vessels or 'effects'. Low pressure steam is
used to boil the juice which circulates through tubes within a closed vessel. The vapor driven
off passes into a second similar vessel and it is used to heat more juice. In order to maintain
suitable temperature differentials for heat transfer to occur, a partial vacuum is applied to each
vessel, effectively lowering the boiling temperature of the juice. This system is capital-
intensive but is highly energy efficient and more importantly boils the juice at progressively
lower temperatures from 103 to 50ºC, reducing the effects of inversion, minimizing
discoloration and enhancing the formation of sugar crystals. In OP technology, juice is boiled
in open pan furnaces with little control over sugar losses due to inversion caused by boiling the
juice at higher temperatures and for longer periods. The VP technology is energy self sufficient
while OP needs additional fuel.
In VP Technology of insoluble materials and some undesirable dissolved substances from the
juice is done with liming, sulphitation or carbonation in continuous clarifiers. In OP, usually
batch clarification is done in open pans with vegetable bark extracts and manual skimming of
the scum. Better clarification is achieved with VP than OP as purer juice is obtained with VP.
Considering above advantages of VP over OP process for sugar manufacturing, VP technology

alternative is adopted.
2.5 LOCATION AND LAYOUT OF PROJECT

Details of location of project are provided in table below:
Particulars Details
Latitude 29026’35.6429”N
Longitude 70052’52.94284”E
Location Maoza Jugmull, Tehsil Jatoi, District
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Muzaffargarh
Tehsil Jatoi
District Muzaffargarh
Elevation above sea level 343ft
Nature of area Agricultural
Road connectivity Alipur Jatoi Road
Archeological or historical site No archeological site was found within 2-3km
radius
Figure 4: Location of project
2.6 LAND OWNERSHIP

Property documents are attached in annexure indicating that project is under undisputed
ownership of proponent.
2.7 LAND USE ON SITE

Proposed project seems to be located in an agricultural area.
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2.8 GOVERNMENT APPROVALS

All government approvals will be obtained after getting Environmental Approval from
EPA Punjab.
2.9 ROAD ACCESS

Project site can be approached through Alipur-Jatoi road which is adjacent to site. Road
network is shown in figure below:
Figure 5: Road network
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Figure 6: Access road
2.10 VEGETATION FEATURES OF SITE

No vegetation is existing there to be removed due to the establishment of proposed mill.
Site is located within an agricultural area and is surrounded by sugarcane fields and
mango, kikar, shisham trees. Trees and agricultural fields in surroundings of site are
given in below fig. Proponent intends to plant trees in multi-fort to compensate if any
loss of vegetal cover occurs.
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Figure 7: Vegetation in surroundings of project site
2.11 RELOCATION AND REHABILITATION PLANS

There exists no human settlement within a safe radius of the selected project site to be
displaced owing to the commencement of the Proposed Project. No structure of any
significance stands at the site to be relocated or dismantled. Land is already under
proponent ownership, and no fresh land is to be occupied; hence, no relocation and
rehabilitation is required. Nearest residences from project site are:
Residence Distance from site and direction

Jatoi 8.51km - SE
Aipur 7.64km - NW
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Figure 8: Distance from nearest Residence
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2.12 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Proposed project is the production of refined sugar (white) through sugarcane using
Defecation-Remelt-phosphatation process. Main steps involved in sugar manufacturing
are:
1. Extraction of juice (crushing)

2. Clarification of juice
3. Concentration of juice (juice to syrup) by evaporation
4. Boiling of Syrup to grain (crystallization)
5. Separation of crystals from mother liquor (centrifuging)
Figure 9: Operational flowchart in sugar sector

Cane receiving:
The sugar cane in the field is examined for its quality before harvesting and harvesting permits
are given after its quality and maturity is found satisfactory. The sugar cane is then manually
harvested and transported to factory by tractor trailers, trucks and bullock carts. The vehicles
bringing sugar cane are received at the factory cane yard. Sugar cane in said project will be
purchased locally.
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Figure 10: Sugarcane transportation
Sugarcane Weighing:
The vehicles carrying the sugar cane are weighed on the platform type electronic weighbridges
and released for unloading. The gross weight is recorded and printed. After unloading the
vehicles are once again weighed for the tare weight. These weights are printed on the
weighment slips, which also carry the details of the farmer, cane etc.
Sugarcane Unloading:
The cart cane is manually unloaded directly to the cane carrier. The cane from the trucks and
tractor- trailers are unloaded with the help of cane un-loader crane. The cane is unloaded on to
the feeder table of 100ton each.
Sugarcane Conveying:
The cane from the feeder table is then dumped to the main cane carrier, which conveys the cane
to the cane preparatory devices. Electronic devices, depending on the cane-crushing rate control
the speed of the cane carrier, and level in the cane carrier etc.
Sugarcane preparation:
The sugar cane is passed through the cane preparatory devices called leveler, cutter and
shredder where in the cane is cut into small pieces to expose the juice cells for extraction.
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Milling:
The prepared cane then passes through the milling tandem having 3 roller mills necessary
feeding device. The milling train continues to extract the maximum sucrose from the prepared
cane with addition of hot water spray in last two mill which is called compound imbibition
system. The cane is conveyed between mills with the help of mechanical conveyors. Screens
then filter the extracted juice and filtered juice is pumped for further processing. The fibrous
residue after juice extraction known as bagasse is withdrawn and conveyed through baggase
conveyors to boiler for steam generation. Surplus bagasse is withdrawn from the conveyor and
stored for reuse when necessary. This baggase may be used as substrate of chip board plant and
number of other industrial purposes. The bagasse conveyor also has return conveyor to feed the
stored bagasse.
Juice clarification:
The mixed juice received from milling after filtration is weighed in a juice weighing scale or by
a mass flow meter to know the quantity of juice flowing. The juice contains certain undesirable
impurities, which are removed before it is taken for concentration in evaporators. The juice is
first heated to a temperature of 65-70°C. The hot juice is then mixed with lime to increase pH
upto 7.5-8.0. The treated juice is again heated to a temperature of 104-105°C .The heated juice
is then sent to a gravity settler known as clarifier wherein it stays for 45min so that mud
agglomerate to form flocs and settles.
The mud settled at bottom of clarifier is withdrawn continuously and is mixed with baggase to
form fine baggasalo. Then it is filtered in a rotary vacuum filter. The filtered mud after
removing residual juice in the filter is scraped from the filter drum and sent out. The filtrate
juice is returned to the raw juice tank and re-circulated. The mud is used as bio-fertilizer and
cattle feed.
Evaporation:
The clear juice will then be concentrated into syrup by boiling using steam in a process called
evaporation. The main aim of this is water removal by multiple effect evaporation. Multiple
effect evaporation is the scheme where the juice is boiled in series 4 or 5 vessels, with the
steam being fed to vessel 1 only. The vapour from vessel 1 will boil the juice in vessel 2 and
the vapour from 2 will boil the juice in 3, and so on until vapour from the final vessel goes to
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waste and the sugar is crystallized in vacuum pans. The clear juice gets concentrated from a
brix of 15 to 65 after passing through multiple effect evaporators.
Figure 11: Multiple Effect evaporation

Crystallization:
Crystallization of sugar is one of the most vital steps in sugar milling which involves the
formation of solid crystals. In the crystallization stage, the syrup will be boiled at low
temperatures under partial vacuum and some sugar seeds added which will cause the
development and growth of sugar crystals and the outcome is called massecuite. This will
involve the feeding of pulverized sugar into the pan as the liquid evaporates, causing the
formation of a thick mass of crystals. The crystals will then be spun dry in a centrifuge to
produce crystal sugar. Crystallization is not only a means to convert the sucrose to a more
usable form, but also an important refining step since pure sucrose tends to crystallize out of
the solution, leaving most of the impurities in the associated syrup. The process will be
undertaken under reduced pressure of 75-90kPa to allow a reduced boiling temperature (60-
72◦C) in order to avoid the formation of colored compounds. Crystals thus obtained will have a
size of 1.5-4mm.
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The sugar is then sent to sugar storage bins with the help of bucket elevators. The storage
capacity of these storage bins is enough to store 24 hours production. The sugar is discharged
from bins to fill 50kg bags and weighed automatically by electronic type automatic weighing
machines. The sugar bags are transported to warehouse through belt conveyors. The quantity of
sugar produced by a 10000 TCD plant shall be 33000 MT per month at 11% recovery on cane.
Figure 12: Process Flow Chart
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2.13 POWER & STEAM REQUIREMENT

Steam requirement of plant will be fulfilled through 3 boilers of 80tons capacity each.
The amount of bagasse produced by the factory is estimated to be adequate to provide
the amount of heat required for the boilers. Bagasse will constitute the main source of
fuel for processing, with its combustion being undertaken in a closed environment thus,
making it possible for complete combustion for higher energy saving and minimal aerial
discharges. Approx 129 t/hr baggase will be required and 221 t/hr steam will be
generated. Boilers will be equipped with wet scrubbers and ash catcher for proper
emissions control. Approx. 13t/hr surplus baggase (ash) will be generated and will be
stored in Bagasse Yard for use as substrate of chip board plant and number of other
industrial purposes.
Power requirement will be fulfilled through 2 Standby generators of 4MW each
(Shinko). These generators will be enclosed in generator room to control emissions and
noise level.
2.14 Water Requirement & Wastewater generation

The factory will require significant volumes of water in order to sustain various factory
processes. This water will be required for process, boiler and domestic purpose. During
initial startup of milling, in the absence of hot condensate from cane, the maximum water
intake shall be around 3000-4000 m3/day after which the volume will reduce
significantly. When the factory is finally in full operation, almost 50 % of water in the
closed circuit will be re-circulated which will mean limited water abstraction. Water will
be extracted from ground by using a 75 hp vertical turbine.
Wastewater generated will be treated in lagoons over an area of 4 acre. Anaerobic
treatment 80-90% efficiency) process will be used to reduce the pollution load from waste
water. Oil skimmers will be installed to obtain oil/grease free waste water for disposal.
Moreover, wastewater will be treated through 5 lagoons. The dimensions of said lagoons
are as under.
Lagoon # 1 07’x42’x67’
Lagoon # 2 07’x42’x50’
Lagoon#3 07’x25’x51’
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Lagoon # 4 07’x22’x114’
Lagoon # 5 07’x42’x50’
Combined Holding Capacity = 76000 m³
After treatment in lagoons, wastewater will be discharged in sugarcane fields owned by

the proponent (these fields will be grown by proponent in future nearby project site).
Water balance of proposed sugar mill is given below:
Table 6: Water Balance at 100000 TCD
Water in Water Out

Source Quantity Source Quantity
Cane 7000 m³ / day Evaporation through spray pond
Water in bagasse
Water in filter cake
Water in Molasses
Water in Boiler Ash
Evaporation from juice flash tank
Evaporation from Boiler blow down 6500 m³/day
Evaporation through steam leakages
Evaporation from soda boiling
Evaporation through non
condensable gases
Evaporation from Molasses storage
tank
Source water 3000 m³/day Effluent water 3500 m³/day
10,000
Total water in 10,000 m³/day Total water out m³/day
2.15 By-product
Molasses will constitute the final effluent obtained on the preparation of sugar by
repeated crystallization and will be in the form of non-useable molasses (blackstrap) or as
edible syrup for industrial use. The non-useable molasses (blackstrap) will be used as
animal feed additive. In the latter stages, the molasses may also be used to produce
ethanol, compressed yeast, citric acid and run through the establishment of a distillery in
the factory. But at present the molasses will be stored in storage ponds and will be sold
out.
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2.16 MANPOWER
The factory workforce requirements will include both permanent and casual workers.
Total number of workers will be 794. During off-season, number of workers will be 300.
Complete workers strength is annexed.
2.17 SOLID WASTE GENERATION

The key solid wastes and by-products expected from the proposed project will include
baggase, and filter or press mud. Baggase is cane milling waste fibre matter whose
content will be about 30.98 % of the cane (129T/hr). HWSML is planning to re-use the
bagasse which is the residual woody fiber of the cane as fuel for boilers for steam
generation.
The baggase will be stored in a well-designed holding area before reuse at the sugar
factory. The filter mud will be generated at rate of approx. 13t/hr and will be used for the
production of dry filter cake to be used as a fertilizer or cattle feed. The filter cake will be
distributed to the sugar cane farmers for recycling. The disposal of non-biodegradable and
recyclable matter, such as containers, waste papers, used materials, waste packaging
materials, will be sold to local contractors for recycling or reuse purpose.
Figure 13: The typical by-products and wastes in sugar industry
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2.18 LIST OF MACHINERY

List of machinery to be used in proposed project is annexed as annexure.
2.19 MASS BALANCE

Mass balance of proposed project is annexed as annexure
2.20 SCHEDULE OF IMPLEMENTATION

Project installation and completion period is 2 years.
Table 7: Tentative Schedule of Implementation

Sr 6 Months 6 Months 6 Months 6 Months
.# Activities 2M 2M 2M 2M 2M 2M 2M 2M 2M 2M 2M 2M
Detailed
1
Designing
Mobilization of
2
Contractors
Construction and
installation of
3
machinery during
year 1
Construction and
installation of
4
machinery during
year 2
6 Trial Operation
M-Month
2.21 COST AND MAGNITUDE OF OPERATION

Civil construction of machinery foundations shall be carried out by the local contractor
using locally available construction materials including brick, cement, steel etc. On the
basis of present market price and anticipated escalation up to the scheduled date of
commissioning, the capital cost of the proposed sugar plant of cane crushing capacity
from 8000 TCD to 10000TCD will be around Rs. 3.8 billion. Magnitude of operation
will include:
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• Civil work (Offices construction)

• Installation of machinery
• Landscaping and tree plantation
• Trial operation
Cost breakup of project is as follows:
Plant & machinery Rs 3234839054

Building Rs 490942989
Land cost Rs 75448714
Total Rs 3801230757
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10
11
12
13
14
15
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16 CHAPTER 3: DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
16.1 GENERAL
This section describes the baseline conditions, which cover the existing physical,
ecological, and socio-economic environment of the Project Area. Information on these
aspects has been derived from the desk study of available data, field visits to the project
area as well as information obtained through visits to the Government departments and
other relevant agencies.
16.2 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

This part examines the physical resources such as topography, soil, climate, surface and
ground water resources and quality, ambient air quality and geology of not only the
Project site but also the city as a whole to assess whether the project under assessment can
or does have any impacts on any of these parameters. The description of physical
environment of city and the project area is present in the following sub sections.
16.2.1 TOPOGRAPHY
The topography of the project area is almost flat with no noticeable variation in the
surface elevation. At the proposed Project site, a surface elevation is about 334 feet. The
project area mainly consists of agricultural plains and cultivable fields. The site area
adjacent to Muzaffargarh Canal is waterlogged. The water-logging effect gradually
decreases while moving away from MC. Proposed site is located approx at a distance of
30km from site.
16.3 GEOLOGY & SEISMICITY

Pakistan is located within a seismically active area straddling the boundaries between the
Indo-Pakistan, Arabian and Eurasian plates and its structure is predominantly affected by
their past and present interrelationships. Two composite plates, comprising both
continental and oceanic crust (Indo-Pakistan and Arabia) are separated by an intra-
oceanic transform boundary, which within the Pakistan offshore area, is expressed as the
Murray Ridge. This ridge continues in a northerly direction through the western flanks of
Pakistan, in the form of the Chaman Fault, which forms the interface between the
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Eurasian and Indo-Pakistan Plates. Within this interface area there are many faults
reflecting the complex nature of the plate tectonics.
According to Building Code of Pakistan, the proposed project site lies within Zone 2A (a
zone of moderate seismic activity).
Figure 14: Fault map of Pakistan
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Figure 15: Seismic zoning map of Pakistan

16.3.1 WATER RESOURCES
Muzaffargarh Canal (MC), Indus River and Chenab River are the principle surface water
resources of the area. River Indus flows at the distance of about 18 km towards the west
of proposed Project site whereas River Chenab is located towards the east of proposed
Project site at the distance of about 14 km.
MC is the major surface water bodies in the area flowing towards North-West side of the
proposed Project site at a distance of approx 30km. MC is the perennial irrigation canal
(flowing during 6-7month in a year) originating from Taunsa Barrage at River Indus.
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Under the normal conditions, MC closure period is 1.5 month during January / February
each year. The discharges of Muzaffargarh Canal vary from 5280 ft3/s to 205 ft3/s in
summer, 4315 ft3/s to 115 ft3/s in winter and 7700 ft3/s to 330 ft3/s in monsoon season.
Figure 16: Monthly Average Flows in Muzaffargarh Canal
In the project area, large amount of water percolates into ground because of seepage from
Muzaffargarh Canal. Groundwater table is mostly shallow (about 5-10 m). Local communities
mostly rely on groundwater for drinking and household purposes (washing and bathing).
People have installed hand pumps and electric motors to pump ground water. Groundwater
quality results at some locations of area are given below:
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Reference: Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA), KAPCO 660 MW Coal-Fired Power Plant
Groundwater quality of site is provided below:
Sr. No Parameters Unit Concentration Method

1 pH value 7.48 pH meter
2 TDS mg/l 432 Evaporation
3 Taste Normal Taste panel
4 Odour TON 0.0 Dilution
5 Chloride mg/l 36.0 Digital titrator
6 Color ptcu 0.0 Spectrophotometer
7 Total Hardness mg/l 124.0 Digital titrator
8 Total Akalinity mg/l 152.0 Digital titrator
16.3.2 CLIMATE
The climate of the project area is broadly described as hot and arid. May is month of highest
temperature (42°C) in Muzaffargarh during each year. June is the second hottest month in the
area where average temperature of 41.5°C is recorded. The lowest temperature (5.4°C) is
observed during the January each year. December is also very cold when temperature reaches
to 6°C. Mean monthly temperature data of project area is given below:
Table 8: Mean Monthly Maximum Temperatures (0C), in Project Area
Table 9: Mean Monthly Minimum Temperatures (0C), in Project Area
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Rainfall is higher during the months of August and September which is 53.76 mm and 51.38
mm respectively, whereas; it is minimum during the months of November, December and
January, which is less than 1 mm.
Table 10: Mean Monthly rainfall ( mm) in project area
Figure 17: Weighted Mean Monthly Rainfall in Project Area:
Most of the time June, July and August are the months of maximum wind speed in project area
whereas from November to January, wind speed is minimum. June is the month of highest
wind speed in project area (8.26 km/h) whereas the minimum wind speed is recorded during the
month of January when wind speed reaches to 1.52 km/h.
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Table 11: Mean Monthly Wind Speed (Km/h) in Project Area (2010-2014)
Figure 18: Weighted Mean Wind Speed (Km/h) in Project Area
Table 12: Monthly Average Wind Direction in Proposed Project Area
Table below shows the irregular pattern of relative humidity in project area. Highest value of
relative humidity (80%) is recorded during the month of January in 2010 whereas the lowest
relative humidity (28%) is recorded during the month of May 2013.
Weighted mean humidity patterns for during the five year period are presented in Figure below.
According to Figure, relative humidity in area is highest during the month of January whereas;
during the month of May, relative humidity is lowest in the area.
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Table 13: Mean Monthly Relative Humidity (%) in Project Area (2010-2014)
Figure 19: Five Years (2010 to 2014) Weighted Mean Relative Humidity in project area
16.3.3 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY

Ambient air quality measured at 12 different locations in project areas. Figure below shows the
air quality sampling locations. Data was acquired for criteria air pollutants along with
meteorological parameters. Duration of measurement for each pollutant was once every 15
minute interval for 24-hours.
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Figure 20: Ambient air quality locations
Results of ambient air quality analysis are provided below:
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Table 14: Ambient air quality results
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Figure 21: Hourly weighted Avg concentration of NO
Figure 22: hourly weighted average concentration of NO2
Figure 23: 24 hour weighted average concentration of SO2
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Figure 24: 24-hour weighted average concentration of SPM
Figure 25: 24-hour weighted average concentration of PM10
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Figure 26: 24-hour weighted average concentration of PM2.5
Figure 27: 24-hour weighted average concentration of CO
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Figure 28: 24-hour weighted average concentration of Ozone
Ambient air quality was monitored at site and results were as follows:
Sr. No Parameters Unit Concentration
1 CO ppm 0.6
2 SO2 µg/m3 5.2
3 NO2 µg/m3 20.6
4 PM10 µg/m3 41
5 PM2.5 µg/m3 12
6 SPM µg/m3 58
7 O3 Ppm 4
16.3.4 NOISE
The measured minimum, maximum and mean noise levels in nearby areas of project site were
42.7 dB (A), 50.2 dB (A) and 42.7 dB (A) respectively. These noise levels were well within
prescribed limits of national and international standards. The ambient noise levels in the nearby
areas of the proposed Project site are shown in Figure
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Noise level observed at project site was 66.9 dB(A) which is within PEQs limits.
16.4 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT
16.4.1 Flora
Amongst trees, the most important are Kikar (Acacia Arabica) Shisham or Tahli (Delbergia
sissoo), Beri (Zizyphus jujube), Toot (Morus alba), Sharin (Albizzia lebbek), Dherek (Melia
azeharach), Phulai (Acacia modesta), Pipal (Ficus religiosa) and Bohr (Ficus bengalansis) are
planted for shade. The growth in Rakhs is composed mainly of three kind of trees, Jand
(Prosopis spicigera), Karir (Capparis aphylla), and Wan (Salvadora oleoides). Occasionally
Rero (Acacia ieucophhloea) and Farash (Tamarix articulata) are also found. Pilchhi (Tamarix
dioica) is found on moist sandy soil along the river and is used for wicker work, basket making
etc. There is wild growth of Mesquite bushes and some Eucalyptus trees in the areas along the
canals, roads and barren land but natural forest cover has been significantly reduced in the past.
The fruit trees of project area include citrus fruits, mango, guava and date palm.
The main crops during Rabi are wheat, gram, rape, mustard, barley and oil seeds. In Kharif,
cotton, jawar, sugarcane, bajra, maize and rice are grown. In addition, there are subsidiary
crops known as Zaid Rabi like Kharbooza, tobacco and potatoes and Zaid Kharif like potatoes
and chilies. The main fruits grown are mangoes, date palm, Malta, orange, water and musk
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melon, guava, citrus, falsa, jaman and pomegranate. In the beginning of the cultivation era the
inhabitants used to eat Pilu and Bair, the only wild fruits that grows intermittently. With the
introduction of canal irrigation Date palm and other fruits are being grown on commercial
basis. Wheat, cotton, sugarcane and rice are the major crops, whereas mango and citrus are the
major fruits of the area. As per cropping pattern, wheat, cotton and sugarcane are the highest
grown crops in the area. The vegetables are grown in abundance as the water and soils are
suitable for cultivation. Potato, carrot, lady finger, chilies, onion and cauliflowers are grown.
Bitter gourd, turmeric and garlic are grown to meet the public demand. Other vegetables i.e.
Radish, Tinda (apple gourd), Bringal is also grown.
Reference: Dispersal of Power from 747 MW Power Plant at Guddu to Muzaffargarh
Table below provides the detail of various floral species present in project area. The ecological
linkages of each species are also provided.
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16.4.2 Fauna
There is no wildlife except jackals, dogs and snakes etc. Common species of birds found in the
project area are sparrows, crows, pigeon, dove tiliar (starling), lal mena, parrot, quail, pintail,
and humming bird etc. River Indus and Ghazi Ghat Seasonal Lake are the source of freshwater
fishes in the project area. Some commercial fisheries operate in the project area.
Table below provides the detail of various fauna species present in the project area. The
ecological linkages of each species are also provided.
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16.5 SOCIOECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

Socio economic environment is represented by the human and economic development and
quality of life values. For the study of socio-economic environment of the project area, field
surveys were conducted and interviews were held with the general public and neighbors. The
baseline conditions of the city are as follow:
16.5.1 DEMOGRAPHY
Average household size in the area is about six persons per household. Population density is
338 persons/ km2. The estimated population of the project area by gender is shown in Table.
Table 15: Estimated population of project area by gender
The highest percentage of the total population is included in age group <18 (46.2%), with the
second highest percentage being the age group of 19-40 years (40.6%). Similar trends in
population distribution are also observed among male and female population. The percentage
distribution of population by age group is shown in Table.
Table 16: percentage distribution of population by age group
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16.5.2 HEALTH FACILITIES

Health facilities are not sufficient in project area. A Basic Health Unit (BHU) is located at
Moza Budh. BHU Budh is currently working beyond its carrying capacity (i.e. the staff and
facilities at BHU are far less than the community needs). People have to go to nearby health
facilities at Kot Mehmood, Sanawan and Qasba Gujrat even in case of minor medical problems.
In case of major medical issues, Muzaffargarh, Kot Addu and Multan are the nearest places.
The health facilities available in nearby cities and towns of project area are shown in Table.
Photographs of some of the health facilities in the project area are shown in Figure
Table 17: Health facilities in surrounding areas of project
Health facilities present near project site are New Malik surgical hospital and Sultan Surgical
and Gynae hospital.
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Figure 29: Nearest hospital & medical store
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16.5.3 EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES

The education facilities in the project area are not sufficient to accommodate the entire
population. Up to middle level (class 8th) educational facilities are available in the area.
For high school and intermediate level studies, students go to nearby schools at
Mehmood Kot, Sanawan, Qasba Gujrat and Kot Addu. The educational institutes in the
study area are provided in Table
Educational facilities present nearby project area are Al-Mubashir Public Secondary
school, Govt. post graduate college alipur, High aims girls secondary school, the
educators Punjab campus, allied school, the country school.
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Figure 30: Nearest School

16.5.4 INDUSTRIES
Major industries in district Muzaffargarh include: cotton ginning and pressing;
flourmills; jute textile; oil mills; paper / paperboard articles; petroleum products;
polypropylene bags; power generation; readymade garments; solvent extraction; sugar;
textile composite; and, textile spinning.
Nearest industry (on google map) is shamim group of industries at a distance of 65 km
approx from project site.
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16.6 QUALITY OF LIFE VALUES

Most of the people in area are related to agricultural sector. The project area is an agriculture
zone where wheat, cotton, rice and sugar cane are the main crops and mango and dates are the
main fruits. Jawar, bajra (animal fodder), moong, mash, masoor, ground nut, maize, gram, guar
seed and oil seed such as rape / mustard and sun flower are also grown in minor quantities in
the area. Livestock rearing is quite common in the area. Almost every household involved in
agricultural practices is also involved in livestock production. Livestock production is an
important commercial activity of the farming communities in the area. Some families are very
dependent on livestock production. Photographs of livestock in the project area are shown
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Water logging in area has severely affected the crop growth and average yield otherwise; area
has good agricultural potential. 100% of the population in project area is Muslim. Most of the
people (98%) belong to Sunni school of thought. The remaining people are either “Shias” or
“Ahl-e-Hadis” (locally called as “Wahabi”). Similar to rest of Southern Punjab, this area is also
influenced by feudalism. Feudal are big property owners and politically influential people.
Local people are mostly working on feudal agricultural lands for their livelihood and they have
to obey them. Majority of people in project area (about 95%) speak “Saraiki” language. This is
a dialect of Punjabi spoken in Southern Punjab. A small number of people also speaks other
languages such as Punjabi and Urdu. Electricity is available in entire project area. Ground
water is available in the area. Due to seepage from Muzaffargarh Canal, groundwater table is
shallow. People have installed hand pumps and electric pumps for ground water extraction.
Ground water has various quality issues, however only small numbers of people (about 8%)
treat their drinking water before using. Boiling of drinking water prior to use is common water
treatment method in the area. Government provided drinking water supply is not available in
the area. A government provided sewerage system is not available in the project area.
Therefore, people use self-constructed sewerage system. About 52% of households use pipe
sewerage, 26% use septic tanks and 22% use open ventilated pit latrine for collection of waste
water from toilets. Washing and bathing wastewater is openly released outside the houses. A
photograph of a sewerage system adjacent to a house in the project area is shown
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16.7 LAB REPORTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS

Testing of different parameters was done from a certified laboratory to check the quality of
different environmental parameters. The copy of the lab reports of these parameters (ambient
air analysis, water quality analysis and noise) is given in annexure III.
Page 81
Figure 31: Ambient Air Monitoring
Figure 32: Noise Monitoring
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17 CHAPTER 4: STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION
17.1 GENERAL
Any person, group or organization with an interest in the project or who can be affected
directly or indirectly, negatively or positively by the project activities is a project
stakeholder. Because of their interests and concerns, it is very important to take
stakeholders into confidence regarding the project need and impacts, and their
management. Stakeholder consultation is a mean of involving the entire primary and
secondary stakeholders in the project decision making process in order to address their
concern, improve project design and give the project legitimacy. Stakeholder
consultation, if conducted in a participatory and objective manner, is a mean of
enhancing the project stability.
Community input (both of knowledge and values) on socioeconomic and environmental

issues can greatly enhance the quality of decision making. Stakeholder consultation was
therefore conducted in the project area, not only to satisfy legal requirement of EIA in
Punjab but also to improve and enhance the social and environmental design of the
project.
17.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION

Role of the public participation is very important in the design making process to achieve
the goal of sustainable development. The major objectives of public consultation are as
follows:
• Promote better understanding of the project, its objectives and its likely impacts and
their management.
• Identify and address the concerns of all interested and affected parties of the project.
• Provide a mean to Identify and resolve issues before plans are finalized and
development commences, thus avoiding public anger, resentment and potentially costly
delays.
• Encourage transparency, and inculcate trust among various stakeholders to promote
cooperation and partnership with the communities and local leadership.
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17.3 CONSULTATION PROCESS
17.3.1 Consultation Methodology

The methodology adopted for consultations is summarized below.
17.3.1.1 Consultation Material
The main document for distribution to stakeholders during the consultations was Social
Impact Assessment Interview Schedule. The filled Survey forms of stakeholders are
annexed (Annexure VI).
17.3.1.2 Community Consultation Mechanism
The community consultations were conducted with the community members outside their
settlements to encourage and facilitate their participation. Photographic record of the
consultations with the men from the communities is presented below. Consultation was
done for 3 days from 6th of June to 8th of June 2017. People were consulted and their
views were recorded in form of survey forms and presented in table below:
The meetings progressed in the following manner:
• An overview of the Project and EIA process was provided to the community
representatives.
• Members of the communities were given the opportunity to raise queries or
concerns regarding the Project.
• Queries were responded to and concerns were documented.
• The consultation process was carried out in Urdu and Punjabi language.
17.4 STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTED

Names and CNIC of consulted stakeholders are given in table below:
Table 18: List of consulted stakeholders
Sr. No Stakeholder name CNIC Number
1. Muhammad Hakim 32301-0899669-5
2. Abdulaziz 32302-8865076-7
3. Asghar Ali 32301-6707794-1
4. Kashif Ali 32301-1042443-9
5. Parvez Hussain 31304-3641875-7
6. Muhammad Naeem 32301-7769904-3
7. Muhammad Zulfiqar 32302-1923668-3
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8. Muhammad Waqar 32301-2286586-7

9. Muhammad Arif 32301-3560885-7
10. Muhammad Javed 32301-2306631-7
11. Muhammad Jalal 32301-3712974-7
12. Muhammad Tofail 31301-1430910-3
13. Syed Barat Hussain 32301-0911865-5
14. Arif Khan 32302-9944089-5
15. Basheer Hussain 32301-1072234-5
16. Saddam Hussain 32302-6563777-9
17. Muhammad Javed 32301-6984887-3
18. Muhammad Aslam 32302-1531131-3
19. Hameed Ahmad 32301-5823956-3
20. Muhammad Zafar 32302-8161811-7
21. Muhammad Maqsood 32301-6784699-1
22. Muhammad Aslam 32301-8661151-9
23. Muhammad Akram 32301-5319694-7
24. Muhammad Aslam 32301-7149972-1
25. Muhammad Arshad 32301-0750673-3
26. Muhammad Amir 32302-4496559-7
27. Muhammad Hashim 32301-0899299-1
28. Muhammad Tariq 32302-4890073-5
29. Muhammad Parvez 32301-4365044-1
30. Syed Irfan Mehdi 32301-2072338-5
31. Sajjad Ahmed 32302-4578228-1
32. Muhammad Waqas 32303-1119009-9
33. Hafeezullah 32301-0269175-5
34. Bahadur Abbas 32301-9404522-9
17.5 STAKEHOLDER CONCERNS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The finding of the community consultation has been addressed in various sections of EIA.
Mitigation plan has been incorporated into EMP.
Out of total respondents, 89% knew about the project whereas 11% were not aware of the
project planning and implementation. All people were then briefed about the project.
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84% of interviewee commented their views about the project and 16% didn’t respond.
% of people who showed prespective

people who gave their opinion People who didn't show concern
16%
84%
100% people favored the project keeping in view its importance.
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Project Acceptance
100%
Concerns raised by public and recommendations provided by participants were as

follows:
17.5.1 Concerns raised by the public

The positive concerns raised were:
• The project would encourage sugar cane farming in the region

• Sugar cane farmers will have a reliable outlet: they will grow and sell their cane
through contract farming with HWSML. They will also earn income and raise
their standard of living.
• There will be both direct and indirect employment for the people: the former will
apply to workers who will be employed by HWSML and the later will apply to
sugar cane farmers and those who will be employed in business that will spring up
due to the presence of HWSML.
• New businesses will spring up and old ones will grow as a result of migration of
people in the area.
• The local economy is likely to grow through backward and forward linkages and
income and employment multiplier effects resulting from the project.
• Some by products from sugar processing will be used locally. Such by products
will include ash which can be used to fertilize the soil.
• The establishment of sugar mill in the region will contribute to industrial
development.
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• The project will provide raw materials for other industrial Plants e.g., those
manufacturing industrial spirits.
• The project will produce sugar for domestic use hence saving the foreign
exchange that could be used for its importation.
• On many occasions children are employed on sugar cane farms. This is not only
against the law but also denies children to attend school.
• The widespread use of fertilizers and herbicides on the sugar farms, there will be
water pollution in the streams and rivers.
• Youth unemployment is high in the area.
• The cost of transporting sugar cane is borne by the farmer.
• Poor management of sugar factories. This leads to delayed and low payments to
the farmers which may lower their morale.
17.5.2 Recommendations made by the participants

• Early maturing cane varieties should be introduced in the area. This will enable
farmers to earn money early enough from sugar cane than presently is the case.
• Use of child labor on sugar cane farms should be banned.
• Farmers should be encouraged to use organic manure instead of industrial
fertilizers on the farms.
• HWSML should give preference to the local unemployed youths when employing
workers for the project.
• The cost of transporting cane to the factory should either be borne by both the
farmer and HWSML or be charged at a flat rate irrespective of the distance from
the farm to the factory.
The pictorial view of the public consultation is given below:
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Figure 33: Consultation with community in Alipur
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Figure 34: Consultation with people in Jatoi
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Figure 35: Consultation with female community
Figure 36: Consultation with private doctor
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Figure 37: Consultation with doctor in Sultan Surgical Hospital
Figure 38: Consultation with nurse
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Figure 39: Consultation with female doctor
Figure 40: Consultation with teachers in school
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Figure 41: Consultation with people outside mosque
Figure 42: Consultation with people on nearby road
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Figure 43: Consultation with bank manager
Figure 44: consultation with Chairman municipal committee Alipur
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18 CHAPTER 5: POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

AND MITIGATION MEASURES
18.1 GENERAL
This section discusses the project’s potential environmental impact on the area’s
geomorphology, soil, water resources, air, biological resources and socioeconomic
condition and, where applicable, identifies mitigation measures that will reduce, if not
eliminate, its adverse impact. The assessment carried out in this section is based on
potential impacts on overall environmental receptors within the project area.
18.2 OBJECTIVES
Objectives of screening all possible impacts and then providing their mitigation
measures are:
• To find different alternatives and ways of doing the project activities.

• To enhance the environmental and social benefits of proposal.
• To avoid, minimize and remediate adverse impacts.
• To ensure that residual adverse impacts are kept in acceptable limits
• Anticipated Potential Environmental Impacts (Construction & Operation Phase)
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Table 19: Impact Assessment (Construction Phase)

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS ECOLOGICAL SOCIAL IMPORTANCE
IMPROTANCE
Surface and Air Noise Solid Smell Fire Destruction Disturbance Disturbance Urban Employment Health
Ground Quality Waste & Hazards of Habitat / to local to Other Congestion Opportunities &
Water Smoke Vegetation fauna Services Safety
Quality
-1 -1 -1 -1 0 -1 -2 -2 0 0 +2 -1
Table 20: Impact Assessment (Operational Phase)

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS ECOLOGICAL SOCIAL IMPORTANCE
IMPROTANCE
Surface and Air Noise Solid Smell Fire Destruction Disturbance Disturbance Urban Employment Health
Ground Quality Waste & Hazards of Habitat / to local to Other Congestion Opportunities &
Water Smoke Vegetation fauna Services Safety
Quality
-2 -2 -1 -1 0 -2 0 0 0 0 +2 -2
Key : 1 = Minor Impacts are defined as Less significant adverse impacts that may be easily prevented or mitigated
2 = Moderate Impacts are considered as likely to have adverse environmental impacts
3 = Major Impacts are defined as significant, or irreversible adverse impact
0 = This category serves no impacts from project
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18.3 Impacts Associated with Project Location

While citing a plant, care should be taken to minimize the adverse impact of the facility on
immediate neighborhood as well as on the distant places. The application of good and sound
citing criteria is often the best and first strategy to minimize the environmental and social
impacts that can be caused by a cement manufacturing plant. The Proposed site is undisputed
open land.
No human settlements, archeological/cultural resources and ecologically sensitive/declared

protected area to be disturbed, dismantled or relocated in the proximity of the proposed site.
The choice of the proposed site is justified because Muzaffargarh is endowed with suitable
natural conditions for increased sugarcane production. Distances from all receptors are given in
section 2.4.1.
18.4 Impacts Associated with Design

At the design phase, no considerable impact will occur on land, soil, topography, ground
water, and people residing in the nearby area. However in pre-construction phase a
management system should be provided so anticipated impacts can be reduced. Design of the
proposed building will adhere to all standard technical requirements in order to avoid adverse
impacts on socio-environmental aspect.
The design, if maintained and operated in sustainable manner, is expected to cast positive
impact on the social environment and will impose adverse impact on the environment which
can be mitigated or reduced upto acceptable level by adopting best management practices.
Mitigation Measures
The Proponent intends to construct the unit on modern lines with incorporation of latest
technology which will not cause any significant impact on environment. Wastage of water will
be avoided. All the waste material will be tried to use as raw material i-e baggase as fuel of
boiler, wastewater in sugarcane fields etc. Moreover, the buildings will be designed by keeping
in consideration all the technical standards to avoid adverse impacts on the environment and
society.
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18.5 Impacts Associated with Construction Phase

Project construction phase will be of two year whose activities will surely show effects on land
environment, water, air, noise level, soil quality, socio-economic trend, etc. This activity will
have a positive impact in case of socio-economic culture for the people in the nearby villages.
They will have a chance for local employment in foundation, fabrication, brick masonry,
painting and machinery erection works. Along with that tree plantation will be one of the
activities. As local workers are involved in construction phase, impact at site will be negligible.
The construction phase of proposed establishment of sugar plant will include activities
associated with the site leveling, construction of civil structures, architectural works and
building services. The construction phase would bring in immediate but short term changes on
various components of environment near the project site.
18.5.1 Impact on Topography

The area of the proposed plant is more or less flat terrain. It is predominantly covered with fine
to medium grained clay loam as top soil with underlying compacted dense sand. During the
construction phase leveling would be required. Apart from the localized construction impacts
confined to the plant site, no significant long term adverse impact on topography is envisaged.
18.5.2 Soil Contamination

The following practices will be adopted to minimize the risk of soil contamination:
• The proponent will be required to instruct and train their workforce in the storage and
handling of materials that can potentially cause soil contamination.
• Solid waste generated during construction will be properly and safely disposed of as per
practices of area.
18.5.3 Impact on Air Environment

The main source of air emission during the construction phase is dust. It will be generated due
to movement of equipment at the site and during site leveling, earthwork, foundation work and
other constructional activities. Dust emissions are expected to result in increased particulate
matter thus affecting base line air quality, primarily in working area for a short duration.
Following mitigation measures will be adopted:
• In order to reduce concentration of suspended dust particles, transport roads will be

sprinkled with water on the regular basis
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• Construction activities causing dust should not be carried out on excessively windy days
• Construction workers will be provided with masks for protection against the inhalation
of dust and they should be trained for its use
• Vehicle speed should be controlled within the limit
• Emission of exhaust gases from vehicles used for construction should be controlled
18.5.4 Impact on Water Environment

The construction activities will be associated with mechanical fabrication, assembly and
erection. These activities associated do not consume large quantities of water. Make shift
sanitation facility shall be provided by contractors for disposal of sanitary sewage generated by
the work force. There shall be no disposal of construction waste outlet. The overall impact on
water environment during construction phase due to the proposed project is considered short
term and insignificant.
18.5.5 Impact on Flora & Fauna

Project site is clear and no vegetation is present on-site. Since, no flora removal is involved;
therefore no effect due to the project implementation is being envisaged. There will be no effect
on fauna of the area, animals will not be allowed at project execution area. Proper fencing will
be done during construction period to protect any damage to fauna (if any).
18.5.6 Impact on Noise Environment

The noise produced during construction phase may not have significant impact on the existing
ambient noise levels. The activities like construction of foundation, infrastructure and plant are
considered as the main source of noise generation. The major construction work will be carried
out during the daytime. The construction equipment may generate high noise which can affect
the personnel operating the machines. Use of proper personnel protective equipment will
mitigate any adverse impact of noise on the working population. Noise from the site is expected
to be reduced significantly before reaching nearby habitation.
Following mitigation measures will be adopted:
• Selection of up to date and well maintained plant or equipment with reduced noise
levels ensured by suitable in built damping techniques or with appropriate muffling
devices
• Confining noisy work to normal working hours in the day, wherever possible
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• Providing the construction workers with suitable hearing protection like ear cap, or
earmuffs and training them in its use
• Restricting construction vehicle movements during nighttime
• Use of low noise machinery, or machinery with noise shielding and absorption are the
mitigation measures suggested for said project
18.5.7 Occupational Safety

During the construction there are chances of minor or major accidents at the site.
Mitigation:
All the workers will be provided with PEPs such as; helmets, goggles and safety instructions in
the form of manuals and also first-aid will be made available. List of PPEs is given below:
▪ Safety shoes 16 No’s

▪ Gloves 24 No’s
▪ Helmets 12 No’s
▪ Safety belts 06 No’s
▪ Ear plugs 12 No’s
▪ Safety Goggles 12 No’s
18.6 IMPACTS DURING OPERATION PHASE

The plant operational activities will have impact on physical environment (air & water quality,
noise level) and on socio-economic environment. No land/topography alteration is envisaged
due to the operation of sugar plant.
18.6.1 Impact on Air Environment

Sources of air emissions in Proposed Sugar Mill are boilers and steam generators. The air
environment gets polluted due to emission of suspended particulate matter.
Due to existing PUCCA roads & reduced distances for bullock carts, tractors & trucks to reach
the mill site suspended particulate matter generation will be comparatively lesser. Use of
captive Bagasse from cane crushing as a fuel will be a solution for its safe disposal. Complete
combustion, wet scrubbers, ash collection system and effective ash handlings are the mitigation
measures which will be adopted in said project. Mixing of collected ash with press mud to sell
to farmers/brick producers (located near site) is another suggested mitigation measure to
minimize the probable impacts of fuel handling & safe ash disposal. Ash will be generated at
less than 1% of baggase used as fuel in boiler.
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Vehicles used for transportation of sugar cane as well as finished product would be bullock
cart, tractors and trucks and the utility vehicles used would be buses, jeeps, cars and
ambulances. HWSML needs to regularly carry out checks of all motor driven vehicles and
carry out regular servicing and maintenance of it in order to keep the environmental impact on
account of their exhaust emissions to its minimum level. For reducing fugitive dust, regular
water sprinkling on Kachha roads will be done. All trucks proposed to be used for
transportation will be covered with tarpaulin, maintained and optimally loaded. Moreover, the
garden development and tree plantation activities of HWSML during operational phase would
ensure minimal impact of fugitive dust emissions.
18.6.2 Impact on Noise Environment

Noise, an unwanted sound, affects human being. Excessive exposure to noise produces varying
degree of damage to hearing system. It leads to headache, fatigue etc. Road traffic will also
result in rise in noise levels. Continuous exposure of increased level of noise will have an
adverse impact on the health of workers as well as the people residing in surrounding area.
In the operation of Sugar mill following equipment shall be the sources of noise.
• Centrifugal Machine - 86-87 dB (A)
• Vacuum Release - 102-104 dB (A)
• Sugar dry units - 91-92 dB (A)
• Compressor for air supply - 90-92 dB (A)
• Milling - 88-91 dB(A)
• Mill Turbine - 92-94 dB(A)
• Juice clarification station - 88-89 dB(A)
• Juice evaporation station - 82-93 dB(A)
• Boilers - 83-109 dB(A)
• FD fans - 94-96 dB(A)
• Delivery pumps for sugar & molasses supply - 89-90.5 dB(A)
As the nearest residence is at a distance of 7.6km from site so no disturbance due to noise will
be there on residents.
Proper encasement of noise generating sources will be done to control the noise levels within
limits. The steam turbine generator will be provided with acoustic enclosures and silencers in
the exhaust. The steam turbine will be housed in a closed building which will considerably
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reducing the noise. In case of maintenance, the persons working near the steam turbine
generator building will be provided with ear muffs.
A thick greenbelt will be developed all around the plant which will be acting as noise barrier.
In general the following methods will be adopted to control the noise pollution from the
proposed units;
• The use of concrete and masonry walls & barriers keeping in view the benefits of
stiffness weight & cavity construction & the need to provide well sealed sound
attenuating doors & windows.
• The use of complete or partial enclosures.
• Attenuation by use of sound absorbents on walls and fixed or suspended ceilings
• Introduction of control and monitoring rooms having good sound insulation properties.
• The use of mufflers, sound attenuation and acoustic louvers in air flow paths, taking
particular care to direct inlet and discharge an opening away from critical areas
wherever possible, so as to take advantage of direct effects.
• All the workers will be provided with ear plugs, proper maintenance of blowers and
pumps. All the transporters will be advised to carry out regular maintenance of their
vehicles.
18.6.3 Solid waste management

The solid waste generated from the sugar unit is mainly ash, press mud and Bagasse. The ash
will be generated from boiler. This solid waste in case dump on land will create soil
degradation or underground water pollution.
Mitigation:
Press mud will be sold to farmers to use as biofertilizer or cow feed. Bagasse is the raw
material in boilers. Ash generated during combustion in boiler will be sold to brick
manufacturers or will be mixed with mud cakes and used in fields.
18.6.4 Impact on water environment

Wastewater generated will be treated in lagoons over an area of 4 acre. After treatment,
wastewater will be discharged in sugarcane fields owned by proponent (these fields will be
grown by proponent in future nearby project site).
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18.6.5 Impact on Socioeconomic Environment

Like other sugar factories HWSML is also located in an isolated area. HWSML management
thought that it would be advantageous to improve the living conditions of people in and around
the plant site. It also proposes to employ local skilled and unskilled workers in the proposed
project. It will therefore generate employment in the local area.
In turn local people can avoid uncertainty of jobs, raise their living standards, do supplementary
jobs of cane & other farming, cattle, poultry, brick making unit etc. thus to stabilize & prosper
in life. This will surely make a positive impact.
18.7 ENVIRONMENTAL ENHANCEMENT

Proposed project will be result in following benefits:
• Direct and indirect employment opportunities,
• Gains in the local and national economy,
• Industrial development in region
• Business spin-offs in the factory area,
Tree plantation will act as environmental enhancement measure. Approx 2 kanal area will be
reserved for tree plantation. Trees including Kikar (Acacia Arabica) Shisham or Tahli
(Delbergia sissoo), Beri (Zizyphus jujube), Toot (Morus alba), Sharin (Albizzia lebbek),
Dherek (Melia azeharach), Phulai (Acacia modesta), Pipal (Ficus religiosa) and Bohr (Ficus
bengalansis) are recommended trees. Trees will be planted at every 1m distance. Approx 800-
1000 trees will be planted and 1-1.2million budget will be reserve for plantation and
maintenance of trees/plants.
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19 CHAPTER 6: ENVIRONMENTAL MANGEMENT AND

MONITORING PLANS
19.1 GENERAL
This EIA provides the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) of the project to keep it
environment benign as well as the monitoring plan to ensure the compliance of the established
EMP.
Outline and key features of the EMP for operations phase is presented. As per the
environmental legislation in Pakistan, the EMP for the operations phase, along with other
documents, is to be submitted to the environmental protection agency to obtain confirmation for
compliance and Environmental Approval for project operation.
Even after implementation of the suggested mitigation measures, the impact may remain
significant, and require monitoring. This section also underlies the monitoring framework for
both construction and operation phases to check compliance of the EMP and to take timely
actions for correction in case any accidence of significant criteria, requirements or goals are
found.
19.2 OBJECTIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

The primary objectives of the EMP are to:
• Facilitate the implementation of the mitigation measures identified

• Define the responsibilities of the project proponent and contractor and provide a means
of effective communication of environmental issues between them.
• Identify monitoring parameters in order to ensure the effectiveness of the mitigation
measures
• Provide a mechanism for taking timely action in the face of unanticipated
environmental situations.
• Identify training requirements at various levels.
19.3 MANAGEMENT APPROACH

The organizational roles and responsibilities of the key players are summarized below:
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Proponent: The project proponent will undertake overall responsibility for compliance with the
EMP. Concerned Departments will carry out verification checks to ensure that the contractors
are effectively implementing their environmental and social requirements.
Contractors: The contractors will implement the majority of environmental and social
mitigation measures. The contractors will carry out field activities as part of the project. The
contractors are subject to certain liabilities under the environmental laws of the country, and
under its contract with proponent.
19.4 COMPONENTS OF THE EMP
The EMP consists of the following:
• Management plan
• Monitoring Plan
• Communication and documentation
• Institutional capacity
• Environmental training
19.5 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN

It lists all the mitigation measures identified in the EIA and the associated environmental or
social aspect in line during operational phase with the administrative framework involving all
the responsible implementing authorities who are required to take the planned
actions/measures. It enhances project benefits by reducing its impacts and making it
environmental friendly.
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Table 21: Environmental Management Plan

Objective Management Action Responsibility Time
framework
Construction phase
Employment Opportunities
To promote the employment of Recruitment of local workers will be undertaken without HWSML/Contractor On
local persons discrimination and in accordance with HWSML commencement of
recruitment policy by contractors involved in construction construction
activities
To promote the use of local Local procurement of goods and services will be HWSML/Contractor On
service providers undertaken wherever possible and cost effective and where commencement
practicable to the project of construction
activities
Construction traffic management & safety
To ensure safety in factory • Safety signage will be put in relevant places within the Contractor On
construction site construction site commencement of
• Construction drivers to be subjected to public safety construction
awareness activities
• Reckless driving by construction workers will be prohibited
and monitored and prohibited
Soil management
To ensure the conservation of • Topsoil is to be stripped from the footprint area for the Contractor Continued from
soil processing plant, and plant related infrastructure planning phase
• All excavation works must be properly backfilled and
compacted to avoid soil erosion
• Rip compacted areas to reduce runoff and improve re-
vegetation where required
Construction waste management
To prevent the contamination • The factory construction site will have litter bins for Contractor Throughout
of soils and water resources due waste collection construction stage
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to inappropriate management • Recycling or reuse of waste wherever possible.

and disposal of waste • Application of a good strategy to collect, remove and
safely dispose of waste on daily basis to ensure a clean
environment in the factory site
Pollution control management
To contain spillages Proper maintenance of construction vehicles and equipment Contractor On-site
will be undertaken establishment
To manage sewage Portable toilets will be provided at site offices. The portable Contractor On
toilets are to be cleaned on a regular basis commencement of
construction
Protection of biodiversity
To avoid unnecessary • Avoid destruction of biodiversity outside the Contactor Throughout
disturbance of and quick designated factory construction site construction phase
recovery of biodiversity in the • Minimize clearing of vegetation during construction
factory site • Surface soil excavated during construction to be
placed back on the sub-soil to fast vegetation
recovery
• Prepare and implement an appropriate landscaping
programme to help in re-vegetation of affected
project areas after construction
Air quality & dust management

To minimize the dust • Regular surface wetting will be implemented on dusty Contractor On
entrainment during sections in the factory construction site commencement of
construction • Strict on-site speed controls are to be enforced for construction
construction vehicles activities
• All trucks hauling soil, sand and other loose materials
shall be covered
Noise & Vibration
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To minimize disturbance due to • Loading and unloading of materials must be done

noise & vibration carefully to reduce noise disturbances to surrounding
households
• Residences are at a safe distance from site so no
disturbance will be envisaged.
Occupational health & safety
To ensure healthy and • Management must ensure that fire extinguishers are Contractor Throughout
secure environment in the located in strategic and visible places construction phase
factory construction site for • All vehicles and construction equipment are under
all workers control of competent personnel
• Employees need will be informed on the necessary
safety procedures and be competent in the work they are
employed to do.
• Inspection of material and harmonization to the
occupational health and safety standards.
• Adequate security for workers will be provided during
construction
• Sensitize workers to operate in teams
Operation phase
Cane fire management
To ensure prevention of cane • Sensitization of farmers on the environmental impacts HWSML Throughout
fires of cane harvesting using the burning method project operation
• Ensure that all the farmers avoid the use of cane
harvesting using the burning method
Farm soil compaction
Ensure cane loading outside the • To alleviate the deterioration of farm soil quality due HWSML Throughout
farm to compaction by heavy tractors during cane project operation
harvesting and delivery to the factory
To avoid environmental • Provide solid waste handling facilities such as waste HWSML Throughout
pollution through improper bins and skips in all sections of the sugar factory project life cycle
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solid waste management • Ensure that solid waste generated is regularly disposed
(SWM) in the sugar factory off appropriately
• HWSML is planning to re-use the bagasse which is the
residual woody fiber of the cane as fuel for boilers for
steam generation.
• The filter mud will be used for the production of dry
filter cake to be used as a fertilizer or cattle feed. The
filter cake will be distributed to the sugar cane farmers
for recycling.
• Non-biodegradable and recyclable matter, such as
containers, waste papers, used materials, waste
packaging materials, will be sold to local contractors
for recycling or reuse purpose.
Wastewater • Wastewater generated will be naturally treated in 5 HWSML Throughout
lagoons over an area of 4 acre. Oil skimmer is also project life cycle
installed in the main drain for trapping of oil and
grease. After treatment, wastewater will be discharged
in sugarcane fields owned by proponent (these fields
will be grown by proponent in future nearby project
site).
• Condensate water is used for imbibitions and sugar
manufacturing process.
• Boundary walls are made around the massecuite and
molasses pumps to collect the leakage of sugar
solution. In this way, leaky sugar solutions are
reprocessed.
Air quality and dust management
To minimize air pollution due • Use of captive Bagasse from cane crushing as a fuel HWSML Throughout
to said project • Complete combustion, wet scrubbers, ash collection project life cycle
system, effective ash handling is the mitigation
Page 110
measures which will be adopted in said project.

• Mixing of collected ash with press mud to sell to
farmers/ brick producers (available near site) is another
suggested mitigation measure to minimize the probable
impacts of fuel handling & safe ash disposal.
• HWSML needs to regularly carry out checks of all
motor driven vehicles and carry out regular servicing
and maintenance of it in order to keep the
environmental impact on account of their exhaust
emissions to its minimum level.
• For reducing fugitive dust, regular water sprinkling on
Kachha roads will be done.
• All trucks proposed to be used for transportation will
be covered with tarpaulin, maintained and optimally
loaded.
• Moreover, the garden development and tree plantation
activities of HWSML during operational phase would
ensure minimal impact of fugitive dust emissions.
• Regular monitoring of boilers stack.
Noise & vibration
To minimize disturbance of • Proper encasement of noise generating sources will HWSML Throughout
communities due to noise be done to control the noise levels within limits. project life cycle
and vibrations • The steam turbine generator will be provided with
acoustic enclosures and silencers in the exhaust. The
steam turbine will be housed in a closed building
which will considerably reduce the noise. In case of
maintenance, the persons working near the steam
turbine generator building will be provided with ear
muffs.
• A thick greenbelt will be developed all around the
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plant which will be acting as noise barrier.

• The use of concrete and masonry walls & barriers
keeping in view the benefits of stiffness weight &
cavity construction & the need to provide well sealed
sound attenuating doors & windows.
• The use of complete or partial enclosures.
• Attenuation by use of sound absorbents on walls and
fixed or suspended ceilings
• Introduction of control and monitoring rooms having
good sound insulation properties.
• The use of mufflers, sound attenuation and acoustic
louvers in air flow paths, taking particular care to
direct inlet and discharge an opening away from
critical areas wherever possible, so as to take
advantage of direct effects.
• All the workers will be provided with ear plugs, proper
maintenance of blowers and pumps. All the
transporters will be advised to carry out regular
maintenance of their vehicles.
19.6 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN

Environmental monitoring is a vital component of the Environmental Management Plan. It is the mechanism through which the
effectiveness of the environmental management Plan in protecting the environment is measured. The feedback provided by the
environmental monitoring is instrumental in identifying any problem or lapse in the system under implementation and planning corrective
actions.
Page 112
Table 22: Environmental Monitoring Plan

Env. Project Monitoring Institutional
Stage Location Frequency Duration Responsibility
Components Parameters Instrument Standards
PM10, SO2, Contractor

Air Quality Twice during As per approved testing
Construction NO2, CO, SPM PEQs Project site through approved
Monitors/ Gadgets construction method
,O3 monitoring lab
Air HWSML through

Air Quality Category B of As per approved testing
Operation Stack emissions Boiler stack Quarterly approved
Monitors/ Gadgets SMART rules method
monitoring lab
Digital Sound Meter

Reading to be taken at 15
Contractor
Noise levels on Twice during seconds interval for 15
Noise Levels Construction PEQs Project site through approved
dB(A) scale construction minutes every hour and
monitoring lab
then averaged
Air
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Reading to be taken at 15
HWSML through
Noise levels on seconds interval for 15
Operation Digital Sound Meter PEQs Project site Quarterly approved
dB(A) scale minutes every hour and
monitoring lab
then Averaged.
Effluent flow,
Temperature, Wastewater HWSML through
Category B of As per approved
Waste water Operation COD, BOD, pH, Lab equipments discharge Quarterly approved
SMART rules standards method
pH, TSS, Oil & point monitoring lab
grease
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19.7 INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY OF THE UNIT

The institutional capacity for the Environment Management Plan is outlined below:
19.8 PRIMARY RESPONSIBILITIES

The primary responsibility for implementing different aspects of the EMP within the project
lies with management of HWSML.
19.9 OPERATION MANAGEMENT & CONTROL

Conducting the operational activities in environmentally sound manner will be the
responsibility of the concerned Manager; for which he will be trained.
19.10 SUPERVISION & MONITORING

Senior Supervisor will be responsible for all environmental issues and for the implementation
of EMP.
19.11 COMMUNICATIONS AND DOCUMENTATION

An effective mechanism to store and communicate environmental information during the
project is an essential requirement of an EMP.
19.12 ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING

Environmental training will help ensure that the requirements of the IEE/EIA and EMP are
clearly understood and followed by all project personnel in the course of the project
Table 23: Environmental training program

Target audience Trainers Contents Schedule
Selected management After every five

Consultants HSE Management
staff months
Fire Fighting
All personnel Consultants Monthly
(Training/drill)
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Occupational Health &

Technical Staff Consultants
Safety
19.13 EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE DETAILS

Equipment with high efficiency, good condition and reliability will be purchased by the
Proponent. The proposed plant machinery will be maintained by the proponent according to the
design and as suggested by the contractor. Fire safety equipment such as; fire-extinguishers,
smoke detection system, fire pumps, fire-fighting hoses, firefighting nozzles, fire and water
monitors, fire trolleys, hooters and hydrants will need regular maintenance and check in order
to eliminate hazards of associated risk of fire. Following is the maintenance details for the
portable fire extinguisher:
Table 10: Maintenance Plan for Portable Fire Extinguisher

Task Weekly Monthly Semi- Annually
Annually
Visual Inspection ✓
Testing and Inspection ✓
Check for Leakage ✓
Recharging ✓
Fire Mains and Nozzles ✓
Containers/Cylinders ✓
Control and Section Valves ✓
19.14 ENVIRONMENTAL BUDGET
Approximately PKR 2 million budget will be reserved for the Environment. 1-1.2million
budget will be reserved for plantation and maintenance of trees/plants.
Page 116
20 CHAPTER 7: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
20.1 Conclusion
The findings of the EIA based on the disclosed project details and the baseline site assessment
indicated that the project is desirable and will support the realization of national and county
development goals. The proposed project is justified by the vision and mission of HWSML to
encourage and promote industrialization in the county. The manpower required for the
proposed sugar mill will be about 794 workers whose number will increase as the factory gains
momentum. The sugar factory is expected to eventually benefit the livelihoods of more than
50,000 people comprising of farmers and their families, farm laborers, vehicle operators,
traders which will support the overall economic development in County and the wider region.
The EIA findings showed that the project design is the most suitable based on the current state
of environment and the available technology. The project is feasible and desirable within the
perspective of environmental and social economic evaluation undertaken in this study.
Therefore, the project is necessary, and should be implemented as soon as possible. The overall
benefits of the proposed development are far higher than the potential cost of the marginal
negative environmental changes which are likely to occur. The proposed project is desirable
because it will improve the socio-economic status for the people in the area. It will create
employment and deliver a wide range of other socioeconomic benefits.
The baseline environmental assessment of the proposed factory site indicated that the
environmental is already been under agricultural use and does not contain any sensitive
environment or endangered species. The EIA established that the proposed project design is by
far more suitable than the No project option. The stakeholder engagement and consultation
process also established that the local people were unanimously in support of the proposed
project.
20.2 Recommendation
In view of the findings of the EIA, the proposed project is considered as environmentally
sound. On the basis of these findings it is recommended that the proposal for the construction
of the proposed mill be approved based on the willingness by the proponent to implement the
proposed project in strict adherence to the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and
Page 117
Environmental Monitoring Plan as provided in this report. On the basis of these findings, it is
recommended that the proposed construction should be provided Environmental Approval.
Page 118

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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA)

CO2 Carbon dioxide

PEPA, 1997 Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997

The sugar manufacturing process will consist of following steps:

1. Extraction of juice (crushing)

5. Separation of crystals from mother liquor (centrifuging)

Figure 1: Sugar Manufacturing Process

MAJOR IMPACTS AND RECOMMENDED MITIGATION MEASURES:

Impact Mitigation measure

of the cane as fuel for boilers.

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT & MONITORING PLANS:

Following Documents are attached as annexure.

ANNEXURE I: PROPONENT CNIC

ANNEXURE II: LAYOUT MAPS

ANNEXURE III: ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING REPORTS

ANNEXURE IV: TERMS OF REFERENCES

ANNEXURE VI: REFERENCES

ANNEXURE VII: MANPOWER/WORKFORCE

ANNEXURE VIII: LIST OF INDIVIDUALS AND ORGANIZATIONS CONSULTED

ANNEXURE IX: LIST OF NAMES AND QUALIFICATION OF EXPERT TEAM

ANNEXURE X: MASS BALANCE

ANNEXURE XI: PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM

ANNEXURE XII: LIST OF MACHINERY

SUPPLEMENT A: PROPERTY DOCUMENTS

SUPPLEMENT B: SOCIO-ECONOMIC FORMS

1 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .................................................................................... 13

1.1 GENERAL ............................................................................................................................... 13

2.1 GENERAL ............................................................................................................................... 19

2.17 SOLID WASTE GENERATION............................................................................................. 37

3.1 GENERAL ............................................................................................................................... 41

4.1 GENERAL ............................................................................................................................... 83

4.5.1 Concerns raised by the public .......................................................................................... 87

5.1 GENERAL ............................................................................................................................... 96

6.1 GENERAL ............................................................................................................................. 105

6.11 COMMUNICATIONS AND DOCUMENTATION ............................................................. 115

7.1 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................. 117

Figure 1: Sugar Manufacturing Process ........................................................................................ 4

Figure 31: Ambient Air Monitoring ........................................................................................... 82

Table 1: Sugar Production 2015-16 ............................................................................................ 14

Table 2: Province wise total production of Pakistan

Cane Beet Sugar Production Total

Figure 2: Sugar Consumption mmt

Table 3: Export of Sugar

1.2 THE PROPONENT

1.3 THE PROJECT

1.4 NATURE OF PROJECT

1.5 SIZE OF PROJECT

1.6 LOCATION OF PROJECT

1.7 COST OF THE PROJECT

1.8 DETAILS OF CONSULTANTS

Address: 233-Rewaz Garden, Lahore

Contact No: 042-37171189

Table 4: List of experts

1.9 PURPOSE OF REPORT

biophysical and socio-economic environment and maximizing the benefits to all

2 CHAPTER 2: DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

2.2 TYPE AND CATEGORY OF PROJECT

2.3 OBJECTIVES OF PROJECT

2.4.1 Site alternatives

• Easy road access to the Site