University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines CE425

Civil Engineering Department EARTHQUAKE

ENGINEERING
Single Degree of Freedom
Free-Vibration with Damp

BY ENGR. FERNAN FORD MAGSALAY

Quiz Sit. 3
A platform has mass W that weighs 15000 N is supported by a four equal fixed base column with a rigid
horizontal member. By testing the system, it was found that a static force of 5000 N applied horizontally
produces a displacement of 4.75mm and a relative velocity of 275mm/sec. Determine the following:
1. Stiffness of each Column
a. 1052.63 N/mm b. 236.84 N/mm c. 947.37 N/mm d. 263.16 N/mm
2. Damping Coefficient
a. 70.86 NS/mm b. 16.36 NS/mm c. 18.18 NS/mm d. 70.86 NS/mm
3. Undamped Angular Frequency
a. 13.119 rad/sec b. 13.369 rad/sec c. 26.238 rad/sec d. 26.738 rad/sec
4. Damping Ratio
a. 22.66 % b. 23.09 % c. 90.64 % d. 55.56 %
5. Logarithmic Decrement
a. 1.424 b. 1.462 c. 1.491 d. 1.451
6. Displacement at t=0.5s
a. 0.5861 b. 0.4744 c. 0.3578 d. 0.3649
Solution Sit. 3
Given:
m = 15000N initial applied force = 5000 N
n of columns = 4 pcs displacement = 4.75mm velocity = 275 mm/sec
a) Stiffness in EACH column c) Undamped angular frequency
𝐹 = 𝑘∆
𝑘 1052.63 (9810)
𝐹 5000 𝑁 𝜔= =
𝑘= = 𝑚 15000
∆ 4.75𝑚𝑚
𝑘 = 1052.63 𝑁/𝑚𝑚 𝜔 = 𝟐𝟔. 𝟐𝟑𝟖 𝒓𝒂𝒅/𝒔𝒆𝒄

𝑘 = 𝟐𝟔𝟑. 𝟏𝟔 𝑵/𝒎𝒎

b) Damping Coefficient d) Damping Ratio

𝐹 = 𝑐𝑣 𝑐 2𝑘
𝜉= recall, 𝑐 = 2𝑚𝜔 =
𝐶 𝜔
𝐹 5000 𝑁
𝑐= = 𝑐 18.18
𝑣 275 𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜉= =
2𝑘 2(1052.63)
𝑐 = 𝟏𝟖. 𝟏𝟖 𝑵𝑺/𝒎𝒎 𝜔 26.238
𝜉 = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟔𝟔%
Solution Sit. 3
Given:
m = 15000N initial applied force = 5000 N
n of columns = 4 pcs displacement = 4.75mm velocity = 275 mm/sec
e) Logarithmic Decrement
2𝜋𝜉
𝛿 = 2𝜋𝜉 𝛿=
1−𝜉
𝛿 = 2𝜋 0.2266
2𝜋 0.2266
𝛿=
𝛿 = 1.424 1 − 0.2266
𝛿 = 𝟏. 𝟒𝟔𝟐
f) Displacement at t = 0.5s

( . )( . )( . )
275 + (4.75 ∗ 0.2266 ∗ 26.238)
𝑢(0.5) = 𝑒 (4.75) cos(25.26 ∗ 0.5) + sin(25.26 ∗ 0.5)
25.26
𝑢(0.5) = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟔𝟒𝟗
Equilibrium Equation of motion
𝐹 =𝐹 +𝐹 +𝐹
In this case, F(t) = 0, c ≠ 0
𝑚𝑢̈ + 𝑐𝑢̇ + 𝑘𝑢 = 0
Equation of the motion is now,
𝑚𝜆 + 𝑐𝜆 + 𝑘 = 0 Quadratic Equation

Equation is parable which consist of two roots,

−𝑏 ± 𝑏 . − 4𝑎𝑐
𝜆= where, 𝑎 = 𝑚
2𝑎 𝑏=𝑐
𝑐=𝑘
𝑐 𝑐 𝑘
𝜆=− ± −
2𝑚 2𝑚 𝑚

Thus, general solution of motion’s equation is the superposition of the two roots,
𝑢=𝐶 𝑒 +𝐶 𝑒
The C1 & C2 are determined from the initial conditions,
 𝑐 𝒄 𝟐 𝒌
𝜆=− ± −
2𝑚 𝟐𝒎 𝒎
The sign under radical equation can either be
i. Zero (Critically Damped System)
ii. Positive (Over-Damped System)
iii. Negative (Under Damped System)
A. Critically Damped System (c = ccr)
𝑐 𝑘
− =0
2𝑚 𝑚
B. Overdamped System (c > ccr)
𝑐 𝑘
− >0
2𝑚 𝑚
C. Underdamped System (c < ccr)
𝑐 𝑘
− <0
2𝑚 𝑚
C. Underdamped System (c < ccr)
𝑐 𝒌 𝒄 𝟐
𝜆=− ±𝒊 −
2𝑚 𝒎 𝟐𝒎
𝑢(𝑡) = 𝐶 𝑒 +𝐶 𝑒

𝑢(𝑡) = 𝐶 𝑒 +𝐶 𝑒
ODE Solution - Equation of Motion
𝒗𝒐 + 𝒖𝒐 𝝃𝝎
𝒖(𝒕) = 𝒆 𝝃𝝎𝒕 𝒖𝒐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝝎𝑫 𝒕 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝝎𝑫 𝒕
𝝎𝑫

𝝃𝝎𝒕
𝒗𝒐 + 𝒖𝒐 𝝃𝝎 𝝃𝝎𝒕
𝒖̇ 𝒕 = −𝝃𝝎𝒆 𝒖𝒐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝝎𝑫 𝒕 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝝎𝑫 𝒕 + 𝒆 −𝒖𝒐 𝝎𝑫 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝝎𝑫 𝒕 + 𝒗𝒐 + 𝒖𝒐 𝝃𝝎 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝝎𝑫 𝒕
𝝎𝑫
Or, by trigonometry, equation’s compact form
𝝃𝝎𝒕
𝒖(𝒕) = 𝑪𝒆 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝝎𝑫 𝒕 − 𝜶

𝟐
𝒗𝒐 + 𝒖𝒐 𝝃𝝎 𝒗𝒐 + 𝒖𝒐 𝝃𝝎
𝑪= 𝒖𝒐 𝟐 + where tan 𝜶 =
𝝎𝑫 𝝎𝑫 𝒖𝒐
 B. Overdamped System (c > ccr) Initial Condition, 𝑡 = 0, 𝑢=𝑢
𝑐 𝒄 𝟐 𝒌 𝑢 = 𝐴𝑒 ( ) + 𝐵𝑒 ( )
𝜆=− ± − 𝑢 =𝐴+𝐵
2𝑚 𝟐𝒎 𝒎
Initial Condition, 𝑡 = 0, 𝑢̇ = 𝑣
ODE Solution - Equation of Motion ( ) ( )
𝑣 = 𝜆 𝐴𝑒 + 𝜆 𝐵𝑒
𝒖(𝒕) = 𝑪𝟏 𝒆𝝀𝟏 𝒕 + 𝑪𝟐 𝒆𝝀𝟐 𝒕
𝑣 =𝜆 𝐴+𝜆 𝐵
𝑢(𝑡) = 𝐴𝑒 + 𝐵𝑒
𝑣 = 𝜆 (𝑢 − 𝐵) + 𝜆 𝐵
𝑢̇ (𝑡) = 𝜆 𝐴𝑒 + 𝜆 𝐵𝑒 𝑣 =𝜆 𝑢 −𝜆 𝐵+𝜆 𝐵
𝒗𝒐 − 𝝀𝟏 𝒖𝒐 𝝀 𝒕 𝒗𝒐 − 𝝀𝟏 𝒖𝒐 𝝀 𝒕 𝑣 − 𝜆 𝑢 = 𝐵(𝜆 − 𝜆 )
𝒖(𝒕) = 𝒖𝒐 − 𝒆 𝟏 + 𝒆 𝟐
(𝝀𝟐 − 𝝀𝟏 ) (𝝀𝟐 − 𝝀𝟏 ) 𝑣 −𝜆 𝑢
𝐵=
(𝜆 − 𝜆 )
𝒗𝒐 − 𝝀𝟏 𝒖𝒐 𝝀 𝒕 𝒗𝒐 − 𝝀𝟏 𝒖𝒐 𝝀 𝒕
𝒖̇ (𝒕) = 𝝀𝟏 𝒖𝒐 − 𝒆 𝟏 + 𝝀𝟐 𝒆 𝟐
(𝝀𝟐 − 𝝀𝟏 ) (𝝀𝟐 − 𝝀𝟏 ) 𝐴 =𝑢 −𝐵
𝑣 −𝜆 𝑢
𝐴=𝑢 −
(𝜆 − 𝜆 )
 A. Critically Damped System (c = ccr) Initial Condition, 𝑡 = 0, 𝑢=𝑢
𝑐 ( ) ( )
𝜆=− ±𝟎 𝑢 = 𝐴𝑒 + 𝐵(0)𝑒
2𝑚
𝑢 =𝐴
Repeated roots
Initial Condition, 𝑡 = 0, 𝑢̇ = 𝑣
ODE Solution - Equation of Motion ( ) ( ) ( )
𝑣 = 𝐴𝜆𝑒 + 𝐵𝑒 + 𝐵(0)𝜆𝑒
𝒖 𝒕 = 𝑪𝟏 + 𝑪𝟐 𝒕 𝒆𝝀𝒕 𝑣 = 𝐴𝜆 + 𝐵
𝑢 𝑡 = 𝐴 + 𝐵𝑡 𝑒 𝐵 = 𝑣 − 𝐴𝜆
𝑢 𝑡 = 𝐴𝑒 + 𝐵𝑡𝑒 𝐵 =𝑣 −𝑢 𝜆
𝑢̇ 𝑡 = 𝐴𝜆𝑒 + 𝐵𝑒 + 𝐵𝑡𝜆𝑒
𝒖(𝒕) = 𝒖𝟎 𝒆𝝀𝒕 + (𝒗𝒐 − 𝒖𝟎 𝝀)𝒕𝒆𝝀𝒕

𝒖̇ (𝒕) = 𝒖𝟎 𝝀𝒆𝝀𝒕 + (𝒗𝒐 − 𝒖𝟎 𝝀)𝒆𝝀𝒕 + (𝒗𝒐 − 𝒖𝟎 𝝀)𝒕𝝀𝒆𝝀𝒕

EXAMPLE NO. 1
 Example No. 1
A 5000kg water tank is supported by four pipes of collective stiffness of 10kN/m. The structure has a
damping attribute of 10000 kg/s. If the tank is initially displaced at +45mm to the right at a velocity of
+25mm/s, determine the displacement and velocity at t = 10 seconds.
Given:
m = 5000 kg k = 10 kN/m c = 10000 kg/s 𝑢 = +45mm 𝑣 = +25 mm/s
Sol’n: Determine the resulting value on the radical sign of the roots
𝑐 𝒄 𝟐 𝒌 𝑘 = 10 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
𝜆=− ± −
2𝑚 𝟐𝒎 𝒎 𝑘 = 10000 𝑁/𝑚
𝑚
𝑐 𝑘 𝑘𝑔 ∗
− 𝑘 = 10000 𝑠
2𝑚 𝑚 𝑚
𝑘𝑔
10000 𝑘𝑔/𝑠 10 000
− 𝑠 = −1
2(5000 𝑘𝑔) 5000 𝑘𝑔

The system is Underdamped

𝝃𝝎𝒕
𝒗𝒐 + 𝒖𝒐 𝝃𝝎
𝒖(𝒕) = 𝒆 𝒖𝒐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝝎𝑫 𝒕 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝝎𝑫 𝒕
𝝎𝑫
 Example No. 1
A 5000kg water tank is supported by four pipes of collective stiffness of 10kN/m. The structure has a
damping attribute of 10000 kg/s. If the tank is initially displaced at +45mm to the right at a velocity of
+25mm/s, determine the displacement and velocity at t = 10 seconds.
Given:
m = 5000 kg k = 10 kN/m c = 10000 kg/s 𝑢 = +45mm 𝑣 = +25 mm/s
Solution
Undamped Angular Frequency Damping Ratio
𝑐 2𝑘
10000 𝑘𝑔/𝑠 𝜉= recall, 𝑐 = 2𝑚𝜔 =
𝜔= 𝐶 𝜔
5000 𝑘𝑔
𝑐 𝑐
𝜔 = 2 = 1.414 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜉= or 𝜉=
2𝑚𝜔 2𝑘
Damped Angular Frequency 10000 𝑘𝑔/𝑠 𝜔
𝜉= 10000 𝑘𝑔/𝑠
𝜔 =𝜔 1−𝜉 2(5000 𝑘𝑔) 2 𝜉=
𝑘𝑔
𝜉 = 0.7071 2(10000 )
𝜔 = 2 ∗ 1 − 0.7071 𝑠
2
𝜔 = 1 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝜉 = 0.7071
 Example No. 1
A 5000kg water tank is supported by four pipes of collective stiffness of 10kN/m. The structure has a
damping attribute of 10000 kg/s. If the tank is initially displaced at +45mm to the right at a velocity of
+25mm/s, determine the displacement and velocity at t = 10 seconds.
Given:
m = 5000 kg k = 10 kN/m c = 10000 kg/s 𝑢 = +45mm 𝑣 = +25 mm/s
𝜔 = 1.414 rad/ sec 𝜉 = 0.7071 𝜔 = 1 rad/sec
Solution
Displacement at t = 10 seconds
𝑣 + 𝑢 𝜉𝜔
𝑢(𝑡) = 𝑒 𝑢 cos 𝜔 𝑡 + sin 𝜔 𝑡
𝜔

( . )( . )( )
25 + (45)(0.7071)(1.414)
𝑢(10) = 𝑒 45 cos(1 ∗ 10) + sin(1 ∗ 10)
1
𝑢 10 = −𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟒𝟒 𝒎𝒎
 Example No. 1
A 5000kg water tank is supported by four pipes of collective stiffness of 10kN/m. The structure has a
damping attribute of 10000 kg/s. If the tank is initially displaced at +45mm to the right at a velocity of
+25mm/s, determine the displacement and velocity at t = 10 seconds.
Given:
m = 5000 kg k = 10 kN/m c = 10000 kg/s 𝑢 = +45mm 𝑣 = +25 mm/s
𝜔 = 1.414 rad/ sec 𝜉 = 0.7071 𝜔 = 1 rad/sec
Solution
Velocity at t = 10 seconds
𝑣 + 𝑢 𝜉𝜔
𝑢̇ 𝑡 = −𝜉𝜔𝑒 𝑢 cos 𝜔 𝑡 + sin 𝜔 𝑡 + 𝑒 −𝑢 𝜔 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜔 𝑡 + 𝑣 + 𝑢 𝜉𝜔 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜔 𝑡
𝜔

( . ∗ ∗ )
25 + (45 ∗ 0.7071 ∗ 10)
𝑢̇ 𝑡 = −(0.7071) 2 𝑒 45 cos 1 ∗ 10 + sin 1 ∗ 10
1
( . ∗ ∗ )
+𝑒 −(45 ∗ 1) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 1 ∗ 10 + 25 + (45 ∗ 0.7071 ∗ 10 𝑐𝑜𝑠 1 ∗ 10

𝑢̇ 𝑡 = −𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟕𝟕 𝒎𝒎/𝒔

EXAMPLE NO. 2
 Example No. 2
A 5000kg water tank is supported by four pipes of collective stiffness of 5kN/m. The structure has a
damping attribute of 10000 kg/s. If the tank is initially displaced at +45mm to the right at a velocity of
+25mm/s, determine the displacement and velocity at t = 10 seconds.
Given:
m = 5000 kg k = 5 kN/m c = 10000 kg/s 𝑢 = +45mm 𝑣 = +25 mm/s
Sol’n: Determine the resulting value on the radical sign of the roots
𝑐 𝒄 𝟐 𝒌 𝑘 = 5 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
𝜆=− ± −
2𝑚 𝟐𝒎 𝒎 𝑘 = 5000 𝑁/𝑚
𝑚
𝑐 𝑘 𝑘𝑔 ∗
− 𝑘 = 5000 𝑠
2𝑚 𝑚 𝑚
𝑘𝑔
10000 𝑘𝑔/𝑠 5 000
− 𝑠 =0
2(5000 𝑘𝑔) 5000 𝑘𝑔

The system is Critically Damped

𝒖 𝒕 = 𝑪𝟏 + 𝑪𝟐 𝒕 𝒆𝝀𝒕
Example No. 2
A 5000kg water tank is supported by four pipes of collective stiffness of 5kN/m. The structure has a
damping attribute of 10000 kg/s. If the tank is initially displaced at +45mm to the right at a velocity of
+25mm/s, determine the displacement and velocity at t = 10 seconds.
Given:
m = 5000 kg k = 5 kN/m c = 10000 kg/s 𝑢 = +45mm 𝑣 = +25 mm/s
Solution
𝑢 𝑡 = 𝐶 +𝐶 𝑡 𝑒
𝑢(𝑡) = 𝑢 𝑒 + (𝑣 − 𝑢 𝜆)𝑡𝑒

𝑢̇ (𝑡) = 𝑢 𝜆𝑒 + (𝑣 − 𝑢 𝜆)𝑒 + (𝑣 − 𝑢 𝜆)𝑡𝜆𝑒

𝑐
𝜆=− ± 0
2𝑚
10000
𝜆=− ± 0
2(5000)
𝜆 = −1
Example No. 2
A 5000kg water tank is supported by four pipes of collective stiffness of 5kN/m. The structure has a
damping attribute of 10000 kg/s. If the tank is initially displaced at +45mm to the right at a velocity of
+25mm/s, determine the displacement and velocity at t = 10 seconds.
Given:
m = 5000 kg k = 5 kN/m c = 10000 kg/s 𝑢 = +45mm 𝑣 = +25 mm/s 𝜆 = −1
Solution
Displacement at t = 10 seconds
𝑢(𝑡) = 𝑢 𝑒 + (𝑣 − 𝑢 𝜆)𝑡𝑒
( )
𝑢(10) = 45𝑒 + (25 − 45(−1))(10)𝑒
𝑢 10 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟑𝟖 𝒎𝒎
𝑢̇ (𝑡) = 𝑢 𝜆𝑒 + (𝑣 − 𝑢 𝜆)𝑒 + (𝑣 − 𝑢 𝜆)𝑡𝜆𝑒
( )
𝑢̇ (𝑡) = 45(−1)𝑒 + (25 − 45(−1))𝑒 + (25 − 45(−1))(10)(−1)𝑒
𝑢̇ 𝑡 = −𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟎𝟔 𝒎𝒎/𝒔
Example No. 2
A 5000kg water tank is supported by four pipes of collective stiffness of 5kN/m. The structure has a
damping attribute of 10000 kg/s. If the tank is initially displaced at +45mm to the right at a velocity of
+25mm/s, determine the displacement and velocity at t = 10 seconds.
Given:
m = 5000 kg k = 5 kN/m c = 10000 kg/s 𝑢 = +45mm 𝑣 = +25 mm/s 𝜆 = −1

Alternative solution Initial Condition, 𝑡 = 0, 𝑢=𝑢

𝑢 𝑡 = 𝐶 +𝐶 𝑡 𝑒 𝑢 𝑡 = 𝐴𝑒 + 𝐵𝑡𝑒
( ) ( )
𝑢 𝑡 = 𝐴 + 𝐵𝑡 𝑒 45 = 𝐴𝑒 + 𝐵(0)𝑒
𝑢 𝑡 = 𝐴𝑒 + 𝐵𝑡𝑒 45 = 𝐴
𝑢̇ 𝑡 = −𝐴𝑒 + 𝐵𝑒 − 𝐵𝑡𝑒 Initial Condition, 𝑡 = 0, 𝑢̇ = 𝑣
Substitute constant 𝑢̇ 𝑡 = −𝐴𝑒 + 𝐵𝑒 − 𝐵𝑡𝑒
( )
𝑢 10 = 45𝑒 ( ) + 70(10)𝑒 ( ) 25 = −𝐴𝑒 + 𝐵𝑒 − 𝐵(0)𝑒
𝑢 10 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟑𝟖 𝒎𝒎 25 = −𝐴 + 𝐵
( )
𝑢̇ 10 = −(45)𝑒 + 70𝑒 − (70)(10)𝑒 25 + 45 = 𝐵
𝑢̇ 10 = −𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟎𝟔 𝒎𝒎/𝒔𝒆𝒄 70 = 𝐵
EXAMPLE NO. 3
 Example No. 3
A 5000kg water tank is supported by four pipes of collective stiffness of 5kN/m. The structure has a
damping attribute of 10000 kg/s. If the tank is initially displaced at +45mm to the right at a velocity of
+25mm/s, determine the displacement and velocity at t = 10 seconds.
Given:
m = 5000 kg k = 2.5 kN/m c = 10000 kg/s 𝑢 = +45mm 𝑣 = +25 mm/s
Sol’n: Determine the resulting value on the radical sign of the roots
𝑐 𝒄 𝟐 𝒌 𝑘 = 5 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
𝜆=− ± −
2𝑚 𝟐𝒎 𝒎 𝑘 = 5000 𝑁/𝑚
𝑚
𝑐 𝑘 𝑘𝑔 ∗
− 𝑘 = 5000 𝑠
2𝑚 𝑚 𝑚
𝑘𝑔
10000 𝑘𝑔/𝑠 2500
− 𝑠 = 0.5
2(5000 𝑘𝑔) 5000 𝑘𝑔

The system is Overdamped

𝒖(𝒕) = 𝑪𝟏 𝒆𝝀𝟏 𝒕 + 𝑪𝟐 𝒆𝝀𝟐 𝒕

Example No. 3
A 5000kg water tank is supported by four pipes of collective stiffness of 5kN/m. The structure has a
damping attribute of 10000 kg/s. If the tank is initially displaced at +45mm to the right at a velocity of
+25mm/s, determine the displacement and velocity at t = 10 seconds.
Given:
m = 5000 kg k = 2.5 kN/m c = 10000 kg/s 𝑢 = +45mm 𝑣 = +25 mm/s
Solution
𝑢(𝑡) = 𝐶 𝑒 +𝐶 𝑒
𝑣 −𝜆 𝑢 𝑣 −𝜆 𝑢
𝑢(𝑡) = 𝑢 − 𝑒 + 𝑒
(𝜆 − 𝜆 ) (𝜆 − 𝜆 )
𝑣 −𝜆 𝑢 𝑣 −𝜆 𝑢
𝑢̇ (𝑡) = 𝜆 𝑢 − 𝑒 + 𝑒
(𝜆 − 𝜆 ) (𝜆 − 𝜆 )

𝑐 𝒄 𝟐 𝒌
𝜆=− ± −
2𝑚 𝟐𝒎 𝒎
10000
𝜆=− ± 0.5
2(5000) 𝜆 = −0.2929 𝜆 = −1.7071
Example No. 3
A 5000kg water tank is supported by four pipes of collective stiffness of 5kN/m. The structure has a
damping attribute of 10000 kg/s. If the tank is initially displaced at +45mm to the right at a velocity of
+25mm/s, determine the displacement and velocity at t = 10 seconds.
Given:
m = 5000 kg k = 2.5 kN/m c = 10000 kg/s 𝑢 = +45mm 𝑣 = +25 mm/s
𝜆 = -0.2929 𝜆 = -1.7071
Solution
Displacement at t = 10 seconds
𝑣 −𝜆 𝑢 𝑣 −𝜆 𝑢
𝑢(𝑡) = 𝑢 − 𝑒 + 𝑒
(𝜆 − 𝜆 ) (𝜆 − 𝜆 )
25 − (−0.2929)(45) . ( )
25 − (−0.2929)(45) . ( )
𝑢(10) = 45 − 𝑒 + 𝑒
(−1.7071 − (−0.2929)) (−1.7071 − (−0.2929))
𝑢 10 = 𝟑. 𝟖𝟒𝟖𝟗 𝒎𝒎
Example No. 3
A 5000kg water tank is supported by four pipes of collective stiffness of 5kN/m. The structure has a
damping attribute of 10000 kg/s. If the tank is initially displaced at +45mm to the right at a velocity of
+25mm/s, determine the displacement and velocity at t = 10 seconds.
Given:
m = 5000 kg k = 2.5 kN/m c = 10000 kg/s 𝑢 = +45mm 𝑣 = +25 mm/s
𝜆 = -0.2929 𝜆 = -1.7071
Solution
Displacement at t = 10 seconds
𝑣 −𝜆 𝑢 𝑣 −𝜆 𝑢
𝑢̇ (𝑡) = 𝜆 𝑢 − 𝑒 +𝜆 𝑒
(𝜆 − 𝜆 ) (𝜆 − 𝜆 )
25 − (−0.2929)(45) . ( )
25 − (−0.2929)(45) . ( )
𝑢 10 = −0.2929 45 − 𝑒 + (−1.7071) 𝑒
(−1.7071 − (−0.2929)) (−1.7071 − (−0.2929))

𝑢 10 = −𝟏. 𝟏𝟐𝟕𝟐 𝒎𝒎/𝒔

 Example No. 3
A 5000kg water tank is supported by four pipes of collective stiffness of 5kN/m. The structure has a
damping attribute of 10000 kg/s. If the tank is initially displaced at +45mm to the right at a velocity of
+25mm/s, determine the displacement and velocity at t = 10 seconds.
Given:
m = 5000 kg k = 2.5 kN/m c = 10000 kg/s 𝑢 = +45mm 𝑣 = +25 mm/s
𝜆 = -0.2929 𝜆 = -1.7071
Alternative Solution Initial Condition, 𝑡 = 0, 𝑢=𝑢
𝑢(𝑡) = 𝐶 𝑒 +𝐶 𝑒 𝑢(0) = 𝐴𝑒 . ( )
+ 𝐵𝑒 . ( )
. .
𝑢(𝑡) = 𝐴𝑒 + 𝐵𝑒 45 = 𝐴 + 𝐵
. .
𝑢̇ 𝑡 = −0.2929𝐴𝑒 − 1.7071𝐵𝑒 Initial Condition, 𝑡 = 0, 𝑢̇ = 𝑣
𝑢 10 = 71.997𝑒 . − 26.997𝑒 . ( ) 𝑢̇ 0 = −0.2929𝐴𝑒 . ( )
− 1.7071𝐵𝑒 . ( )

𝑢 10 = 𝟑. 𝟖𝟒𝟖𝟔 𝒎𝒎 25 = −0.2929𝐴 − 1.7071𝐵

𝑢̇ 10 = −0.2929𝐴𝑒 . ( )
− 1.7071𝐵𝑒 . ( ) 25 = −0.2929(45 − 𝐵) − 1.7071𝐵

𝑢̇ 10 = −𝟏. 𝟏𝟐𝟕𝟐 𝒎𝒎/𝒔𝒆𝒄 25 + 0.2929(45) = 0.2929𝐵) − 1.7071𝐵

𝐵 = −26.997
𝐴 = 71.997
End of discussion!