Creative Writing

Quarter 3 – Module 11
Creative Writing– Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module
First Edition, 2021

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Published by the Department of Education

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Development Team of the Module

Authors: Boque, Francis Elaine T., De Ocampo, Sundy A., Gatchalian,Alecx Justine B.,
Lloce, Pemi A., Reformado Jr., Melencio T., Sampayan, Leoncio

Editor: Lloce, Pemi A.

Reviewer: Annabelle H. Nava

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Juan C. Obierna
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 11
Creative Writing
Quarter 3 – Module

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1
Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Creative Writing Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) for Grade 11!

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and
circumstances.

To the parents:
As parents, you play a vital role in educating your child’s life; hence, you may also
help provide the support and stimuli that your child needs to make sense of the world. Since
we are currently facing the coronavirus pandemic, now is the perfect time for you to make
your home a school and act as a teacher to your child.

For the learner:

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process
the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.
The module is divided into ten lessons:
• Lesson 1 - Diction
• Lesson 2 - Imagery and Figures of Speech
• Lesson 3 - Elements of Poetry
• Lesson 4 - Literary Devices
• Lesson 5 - Elements of Short Poem
• Lesson 6 - Techniques in Poetry Writing
• Lesson 7 - Primary Elements of Fiction
• Lesson 8 - Other Elements of Fiction
• Lesson 9 - Writing Journal Entries
• Lesson 10 - Writing Short Compositions

In this module, you are expected to:

• Analyze the different elements and literary devices of poem.
• Compose a short poem.
• Explain the different elements of fiction.
• Write journal entries and short compositions.

2
Lesson Diction
1

WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

Readers seek entertainment and pleasure in literary pieces they read. As a writer, to
provide this need, it is important to draw this pleasure from its reader. One of many ways to do
it is with the use of diction.

After this lesson, you are expected to:

1. define different types of diction based on one's understanding;

2. identify formal and informal diction in a paragraph; and
3. rewrite a paragraph using consistent diction.

WHAT IS IT

Diction refers to the word choices of the writer to effectively convey an idea, a point
of view, or tell a story. Writers select words and phrases reckoning on the outcome they
want to achieve. Diction can:

• Create a certain tone that supports the purpose.

The purpose of a piece of writing determines its diction. In literature and fiction writing,
writers often use informal diction and figures of speech—words used for non-literal
meanings, like similes and metaphors. If a scientist is publishing a paper on their
research, however, the language will be technical, concise, and formal, written for a
specific audience.
• Support the setting.
In fiction writing, the language an author uses supports the basic story elements, like
setting. Diction helps establish when and where a story is set by using language native
to that time and place. This is called colloquial diction. For example, a story set in
Batangas City will have a different style of language compared to a story that takes
place in Manila.
• Establish narrative voice and tone.
A writer’s attitude towards the subject of a story comes through in the words they use.
This helps establish tone and impacts readers’ emotional response. For example, the
tone of a horror novel will be very different to that of a romance novel.
• Bring characters to life.
A writer can tell a reader a lot about characters through their dialogue. The way a
character uses diction reflects personal details like age and gender, background,
social setting, and profession. For example, a younger character might use slang
when they speak.
https://www.masterclass.com/articles/what-is-diction-learn-8-different-types-of-diction-in-
writing-with-examples#what-is-the-purpose-of-diction-in-writing

3
 WHAT’S MORE

Diction has 7 different types which impact how different ideas are expressed. Here are the
common types of diction:
Formal diction. Formal diction strictly follows grammatical rules and uses a
complicated structure of sentences. This can be found often in professional texts, business
documents, and legal papers.
Informal diction. Informal diction is more conversational and often used in narrative
literature. This casual vernacular is representative of how people communicate in real life,
which gives an author freedom to depict more realistic characters. Most short stories and
novels use informal diction.
Colloquial diction. Colloquial words or expressions are informal in nature and
generally represent a certain region or time. “Ain’t” and “y’all” are examples of colloquial
expressions, born in rural areas of the United States. Colloquialisms add color and realism to
writing.
Slang diction. These are words that originated within a specific culture or subgroup
but gained traction. Slang can be a new word, a shortened or modified word, or words that
take on a new meaning. Examples of common contemporary slang words are “aggro” instead
of “aggravated”; “hip,” which means trendy; and “throw shade,” which is to lob an insult at
someone.
Abstract diction. This is when a writer uses words to express something intangible,
like an idea or an emotion. Abstract phrases often lack physical detail and specificity because
they are things the reader cannot experience through their five senses.
Concrete diction. Concrete diction is the use of words for their literal meanings and
often refers to things that appeal to the senses. The meaning is not open to interpretation
because the writer is specific and detailed in their phrasing. For example, the sentence: “I ate
an apple.”
Poetic diction. Poetic diction is driven by lyrical words that relate to a specific theme
reflected in a poem, and create a euphonious, or harmonious, sound. Poetic diction usually
involves the use of descriptive language, sometimes set to a beat or rhyme.
https://www.masterclass.com/articles/what-is-diction-learn-8-different-types-of-diction-in-writing-with-examples#what-is-the-
purpose-of-diction-in-writing

Now that you are fully aware of the importance of diction in writing, the same as
knowing its different types, you are now ready to put this knowledge to test.
Directions: In your understanding, give the definition of the following types of dictions.

1. __________________________________________________________
Abstract __________________________________________________________
Diction __________________________________________________________

2. __________________________________________________________
Colloquial __________________________________________________________
Diction __________________________________________________________

Slang 3. __________________________________________________________
4
 Diction __________________________________________________________
4. __________________________________________________________
Informal
__________________________________________________________
Diction
5. __________________________________________________________
Poetic
__________________________________________________________
Diction

WHAT I CAN DO

Activity 1. Directions: Categorized the emphasized or bolded words in the

paragraph to either formal or informal. Write your answer in the table provided after the
paragraph.

In my perusal of the morning paper, I often pause to take a gander at my horoscope. This
stuff is supposed to be figured out on a chart of the heavens, which manifests the positions of
the sun, moon, and the signs of the zodiac at the honest to goodness time and location of your
birth. These configurations are then juxtaposed to the twelve hours of the celestial sphere.
The signs [are presumed] to hold sway over certain parts of the body, and the houses are
supposed to tell you what’s happening in the various conditions of life. The degree of influence
attributed to these houses depends on a bunch of factors. Sometimes my horoscope predicts
the orb of my daily activities with confounding accuracy. But most of the time it’s just hogwash.
https://college.cengage.com/english/trimmer/writing/13e/instructors/irm/chap09.pdf

Formal Diction Informal Diction

Activity 2
Directions: In a separate sheet of paper, rewrite the paragraph from activity 1 to have more
consistent diction. See the rubric below as your guide.

Indicator Rating
Used appropriate diction 5
Rewrite the paragraph with consistent diction 5

5
Lesson Imagery and Figures of Speech
2

WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

Readers, as they read, create a mental image in their mind that helps them imagining
scenarios written in the book. Writers, on the other hand, use different types of figurative
languages to help readers see through these scenes which guide them in understanding and
evoke a meaningful response to the book.

After this lesson, you are expected to:

1.provide words that elicit mental picture;

2.identify figurative language used in a poem; and
3.write an essay employing different figurative languages.

WHAT IS IT

Descriptive details allow sensory recreations of experiences, objects, or imaginings. In other

words, description encourages a more concrete or sensory experience of a subject, one that
allows the reader to transport himself into a scene. Writing that lacks description is in danger
of being plain or overly general.
Descriptive details are commonly associated with creative writing. It lets readers do more
than see words on a page. It causes readers to feel, to hear, to taste, to become connected
with the images and experiences being recreated. There are many ways in which descriptive
detail can be included in writing. Whether to describe, persuade, illustrate, or demonstrate,
the descriptive details you include in your writing should serve a purpose not just pad your
writing with more words.
http://www.wright.edu/~david.wilson/eng1100/sensorydetails.pdf

Sensory details are the words and phrases that describe the content of the text vividly. It
adds power to writing and gives a more concrete sensory experience that allows a reader to
have a clear mental picture of the scene or subject being described.

Ex: Her hair is pretty and long.

Her shiny jet-black hair reaches her waist.
Her perfume smells good.
Her perfume smells like chocolate but sweeter.

WHAT’S MORE

Figurative language or figures of speech creates images that would deepen the
reader’s comprehension of a text. It creates the so-called figurative images which increase
reading pleasure. Below are the common figurative languages.

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 Figurative
Definition Sample Text
Language
“Then she burst into view, a girl lovely as
Indirect Comparison of two
Simile morning and just fair…” (Waywaya, F. Sionil
things using “like” or “as”
Jose)
“Everything that exists, aromas, light, metals,
Direct comparison were little boats that sail towards the isles of
Metaphor
between two objects yours that wait for me…” (If you Forget Me,
Pablo Neruda)
“Because I could not stop for Death,
He kindly stopped for me;
Attribution of human
Personification the carriage held but just ourselves
qualities to a thing
And Immortality.” (Because I could not Stop
for Death, Emily Dickenson)
"I'm so hungry I could eat a horse."
Hyperbole Exaggeration "I've told you a million times."
"If I hear that one more time, I'm going to die."
Repetition of the first
“Leap up, like that, like that, and land so
Alliteration consonant of the
lightly.” (Home Burial, Robert Frost)
neighboring words
“The morning wind forever blows; the poem of
creation is uninterrupted, but few are the ears
Use of person, place, or
Allusion that hear it. Olympus is but the outside of the
things as reference
earth everywhere.” (Walden, Henry David
Thoreau)
“Boy, I rang the doorbell fast when I got to old
Use of words that mimic
Onomatopoeia Spencer’s house.” (The Catcher in the Rye,
sounds
J.D. Salinger)
The language peculiar to a
Idiom She sings at the top of her lungs.
group of people.
The opposite of hyperbole,
understatement is when a
speaker deliberately "It’s only a scratch."
Understatement
downplays the importance "I’m a little strapped right now."
of something in his or her
speech.

The details above make you familiar with descriptive and sensory details and different types of
figurative language. You are ready to answer the activity below.
Directions: Write 5 word/s or adjectives you can think that appeals to the senses.

SIGHT SMELL TASTE HEARING TOUGH

1. 1. 1. 1. 1.
2. 2. 2. 2. 2.
3. 3. 3. 3. 3.
4 4. 4. 4. 4.
5. 5. 5. 5. 5.

7
 WHAT I CAN DO

Activity 1:
Directions: Identify the figurative language used in the poem below. You may copy the line
and opposite to it, write the figurative language used.

_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________

Activity 2:
Directions: Write an essay employing descriptive details. Remember to use different figurative
languages and be consistent with your diction in your essay. Choose from the following subject:
a. Riding a jeepney
Indicator Rating
b. Swimming on a beach
The essay contains different figurative languages 5
c. Reading your favorite novel
discussed
d. Eating your favorite dish
e. Listening to your favorite The essay is written with consistent diction 5
song It is in proper form with correct grammar, 5
spelling, and proper punctuation.
The essay captures the interest of the reader. 5
20

8
 Lesson Elements of Poetry
3

WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

Analyzing poem is different from analyzing novels or short story. They are written
with limited words and vague phrases. That is why it is essential that poets rely on other elements to
create meaning: sound, structure and arrangement, and images (visual, olfactory, tactile, auditory
and gustatory). There are types and list of poetic techniques.

After this lesson, you are expected to:

1) differentiate stanza, rhyme, rhythm, and meter as elements of poetry, and
2) write a short poem applying the elements of poetry.

WHAT IS IT

Stanzas are basically the poetic equivalent of a prose paragraph. They are a series
of lines that are grouped together and separated from other groups of lines or stanzas by a
skipped line. Stanzas come in a variety of lengths, dependent either on the whim of the poet or
the conventions of a particular poetic form. There is a variety of technical vocabulary often used
to refer to stanzas of specific lengths.

Common Stanza Description Example

Couplet A stanza with two lines 13th line = For thy sweet love remembered such wealth brings
(Ex: W. Shakespeare) 14th line = That then I scorn to change my life with kings.
Tercet A stanza with three lines Death is now the Phoenix’ nest;
And the turtle’s royal breast
(Ex: W. Shakespeare) To eternity doth rest.
Quatrain A stanza with four lines He gives his harness bell’s a shake
To ask if there’s some mistake
The only other sound’s the sweep
(Ex: Robert Frost) Or easy wind or downy flake.
Cinquain A stanza with five lines Dragon
Strong, fierce
Fly, Walk, Eat,
A dragon is a fierce
(Ex: Fiona) creature
Sestet A stanza with six lines "Keep, ancient lands, your storied pomp!" cries she
With silent lips. "Give me your tired, your poor,
Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free,
The wretched refuse of your teeming shore.
(Ex: Emma Lazarus Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me,
CDCDCD) I lift my lamp beside the golden door!"
Septet A stanza with seven lines But our love it was stronger by far than the love
Of those who were older than we,
Of many far wiser than we,
And neither the angels in heaven above,
Nor the demons down under the sea,

9
 (Ex: Edgar Allan Poe’s Can ever dissever my soul from the soul
Annabel Lee Of the beautiful Annabel Lee.
Octave or Octet A stanza with eight lines Death be not proud, though some have called thee
Mighty and dreadfull, for, thou art not soe,
For, those, whom thou think'st, thou dost overthrow,
Die not, poore death, nor yet canst thou kill mee.
From rest and sleepe, which but thy pictures bee,
Much pleasure, then from thee, much more must flow,
(Ex:John Donne) And soonest our best men with thee doe goe,
Death Be Not Proud Rest of their bones, and soules deliverie.

Rhyme refers to the repetition of sounds in a poem. Various types of rhyme are possible, however
in English we usually use the term rhyme to refer to the repetition of the final sounds in a line, or
end rhyme. Letters are often used to denote a rhyme scheme. A new letter is ascribed to each of
the different sounds. Rhyme can be internal rhyme (appears within in the lines), end rhyme (end
of lines), slant rhyme (sound of words is alike).

Rhyme Scheme
William Shakespeare: Sonnet 18 John Milton: On His Blindness
ABAB CDCD EFEF GG ABBA ABBA CDE CDE
But thy eternal summer shall not fade, That murmur, soon replies, God doth not need
Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st; Either man’s work or his own gifts, who best
Nor shall death brag thou wander’st in his shade, Bear his milde yoak, they serve him best, his State
When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st: Is Kingly. Thousands at his bidding speed
So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, And post o’re Land and Ocean without rest:
So long lives this, and this gives life to thee. They also serve who only stand and waite.

Rhythm can be described as the beat and pace of a poem. Rhythm is created by the pattern of
stressed and unstressed syllables in a line or verse. Rhythm in poetry involves sound patterning. A
lot of classical poetry conforms to a systematic regularity of rhythm which is referred to as the poem’s
meter. This involves the combining of stressed and unstressed syllables to create a constant beat
pattern that runs throughout the poem. Each pattern of beats is called a foot. There are various
possible combinations of stressed and unstressed syllables, or feet, and these patterns have their
own names to describe them.

Meter is the basic rhythmic structure of a line within a work of poetry. Meter consists of two
components: The number of syllables. A pattern of emphasis on those syllables. A pattern of
unstressed-stressed, for instance, is a foot called an iamb. The type and number of repeating feet in
each line of poetry define that line's meter.

WHAT’S MORE:

These are only a few of the techniques that have been used by poets past and present. They
provide a wide variety of options for a poet to develop a unique style while expressing his or her
thoughts and ideas to readers. The following are nine 9 common techniques used in poetry.

10
9 Common Technique Definition / Example
1. Rhyming For thy sweet love remembered such wealth brings,
That then scorn to change my state with kings.
2. Repetition Oh, woeful, oh woeful, woeful, woeful day?
3. Onomatopoeia Once upon a time a frog croaked away in Bangle bog.
4. Alliteration The drizzling drippy drain drove me crazy.
5. Assonance The octopus flopped on the cot – kerplop!
6. Simile The dog ran as fast as a race car.
7. Metaphor The shark’s teeth were daggers ripping through flesh.
8. Hyperbole He practiced for a million hours.
9. Symbolism Doves are related to peace.

WHAT I CAN DO

Let us check your understanding after having a discussion about the elements, techniques
and literary devices used in poetry.

Activity 1: Directions: Write a quatrain, a four-line stanza poem and apply at least
two literary devices.

___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

Activity 2: Directions: Give one example for each of the 10 literary devices in the form
of a sentence.
1. _____________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________
4. _____________________________________________________
5. _____________________________________________________
6. _____________________________________________________
7. _____________________________________________________
8. _____________________________________________________
9. _____________________________________________________
10. _____________________________________________________

11
 Lesson Literary Devices
4

WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

Literary devices are techniques that writers use to create a special and pointed
effect in their writing, to convey information, or to help readers understand their writing on a deeper
level. They are specific techniques that allow a writer to convey a deeper meaning that goes
beyond what’s on the page. They work alongside plot and characters to elevate a story and prompt
reflection on life, society, and what it means to be human. They are tool used by writers to hint at
larger themes, ideas, and meaning in a story or piece of writing.

After this lesson, you are expected to:

1. identify the function of each figurative language, and
2. differentiate the different figurative language.

WHAT IS IT

The primary function of figurative language is to force readers to imagine what a

writer wants to express. Here are the different types of Figurative Language.

Allegory. The meaning of a greater, often abstract moral or political concept is conveyed with
the aid of more material objects or ideas being used as an example.
Ex: Faith is like a stony uphill climb: a single stumble might send you sprawling but
belief and steadfastness will see you to the very top.

Alliteration uses words in quick succession and begin with letters belonging to the same
sound group. Ex:“Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers”

Allusion refers to a subject matter such as a place, event, or literary work by way of a passing
reference. Ex: It’s no wonder everyone refers to Mary as another Mother Teresa in the
making; she loves to help and care after people everywhere, from the streets to her own
friends’’.

Amplification refers to a literary practice wherein the writer embellishes the sentence by
adding more information to it in order to increase its worth and understandability. Ex:“The
thesis paper was difficult.” “The thesis paper was difficult: it required extensive research, data
collection, sample surveys, interviews and a lot offield work.”

Anagrams is a form of wordplay that allows the writer to infuse mystery and a little interactive
fun in the writing so that the reader can decipher the actual word on their own and discover
a depth of meaning to the writing. Ex: An anagram for “debit card” is “bad credit”. As you can
see, both phrases use the same letters. By mixing the letters a bit of humor is created.
12
Analogy helps to establish a relationship based on similarities between two concepts or
ideas. Ex: In the same way as one cannot have the rainbow without the rain, one cannot
achieve success and riches without hard work.

Anastrophe refers to the order of the noun and the adjective in the sentence is exchanged.
This creates a dramatic impact and lends weight to the description offered by the adjective.
Ex: He spoke of times past and future, and dreamt of things to be.

Anthropomorphism the act of lending a human quality, emotion or ambition to a non-human

object or being. Ex: The raging storm brought with it howling winds and fierce lightning as the
residents of the village looked up at the angry skies in alarm.

Antithesis employs two sentences of contrasting meanings in close proximity to one another.
Ex: It might have been one small step for man but it was one giant leap for mankind.

WHAT’S MORE

Here are other types of Figurative Language and their examples.

Figurative Definition Example

Language
1. Simile compares two different things in an She is as innocent as an
interesting way; Comparison using angel.
like or as
2. Metaphor a word or phrase used to describe • Laughter is the music of
something as if it was something the soul.
else.
3. Personification Giving an object or animal human My alarm clock yells at
properties; the attribution of a me to get out of bed
personal nature or human every morning.
characteristics to something
nonhuman
4. Onomatopoeia process of creating a word that • The bridge collapsed
phonetically imitates, resembles, or creating a
suggests the sound that it tremendous boom.
describes: "oink", "meow", "roar"
and "chirp".
5. Oxymoron a self-contradicting word or group of "Why, then, O brawling
words love! O loving hate!"
6. Hyperbole an exaggeration or overstatement “This is the worst book in
used to evoke strong feelings the world!”
7. Allusion a brief and indirect reference to a I didn’t have any bus
person, place, thing or idea of fare, but fortunately
historical, cultural, literary or political some good
significance. Samaritan helped me
out!

13
 8. Idiom A group of words not meaning what “Stabbed in the back.”
they say typically
9. Imagery Using places people or things to The tree spread its
further represent things in a story. gigantic, sun-flecked
shoulders.
10. Symbolism Use of an object to represent a “Peace” represented by
concept. a white dove
11. Alliteration The repetition of consonant sounds “Peter Piper picked a
within close proximity, usually in peck of pickled peppers”
consecutive words within the same
sentence or line.
12. Irony the expression of one's meaning by a character stepping out
using language that normally into a hurricane and
signifies the opposite, typically for saying, “What nice
humorous or emphatic effect. weather we're having!”
13. Metonymy the use of the name of one thing for "The pen is mightier than
that of another of which it is an the sword,
attribute or with which it is
associated
14. Synecdoche when a part of something is used to "All hands on deck,"
refer to the whole, such as in the where "hands" are
phrase people. .
15. Apostrophe Addressing an object, an idea, or Oh, rose, how sweet you
someone who doesn't exist as if it is smell and how bright you
a living person look!

WHAT I CAN DO

Task 1. Analyze and identify what literary device is represented in the following examples.
__________ 1. It might have been one small step for man but it was one giant leap for mankind.
__________ 2. The raging storm brought with it howling winds as the residents of the village looked
up at the angry sky in alarm.
__________ 3. He spoke of times past and future, and dreamt of things to be.
__________ 4. In the same way as one cannot have the rainbow without the rain, one cannot achieve
success and riches without hard work.
_________ 5. An anagram for “debit card” is “bad credit”. As you can see, both phrases use the
same letters. By mixing the letters a bit of humor is created.

Task 2: Match the Literary Device in Column A with its example in Column B
A B
1.Allusion A. succession of same sound; picked a pickled pepper
2.Analogy B. contrasting meanings; small step – giant leap
3.Antithesis C. success and hard work contrasting meanings
4.Amplification D. increase understanding; extensive research
5.Alliteration E. passing reference; Mary as another Maria Theresa
14
 Lesson
Elements of a Short Poem
5

WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

We have come to know that poems are writings that expresses emotions and mostly
metaphorical. Its intent is to let the reader think deeper and go along with what the author means
and to understand the motivation behind every work. It is comprised of words which are aesthetically
laid with its deep meaning in each line. It follows a certain pattern or rhythm, and we have already
encountered these as a student. However, do not you know that it is even difficult to write a short
poem, rather than a long poem? The fact that it is limited with words and the concept should
substantiate to each other.
After this lesson, you are expected to:
1. apply the various elements and literary devices of poetry;
2. demonstrate internal rhyming by making blackout poetry; and
3. interpret the figurative languages used in a poem.

WHAT IS IT

Poetry is a form of literature composed of words that are mostly arranged in a specific
rhythm; as an illustration of an emotion or idea. This maybe easy as it reads, however writing
a poem can deliberately be a difficult task a learner would do. Have you ever tried writing
one? How was your experience writing it?
You have learned from the previous lesson the various elements, techniques, and literary
devices in poetry. Now let us learn how to make it useful in creating our masterpieces.
Applying the Elements of Poetry
1. Theme – choose a theme that best suits you as a person, your emotion, and your passion
for you to be able to send a message and express freely.

2. Tone – set the mood or the attitude of your poem. Determine the effect of your poem to the
reader.

3. Rhyme – delivery in a rhythmic way indulges the readers to read further; it adds harmony
and aesthetic to the poem. There are different types of rhymes:
a. True rhyme – transpires on the words
b. Internal rhyme – appears within the lines
c. Off rhyme or slant rhyme – not necessarily rhymes but the sound of the words is
alike

4. Line and meter – decide on the lines of words that you will use, basing on the different stanza
forms. The stanza being referred to as the unit of poetic lines.
15
 Forms No. of Lines Metrical Patterns and its Characteristics
Couplet 2 Accentual Meter - the number of lines has the same
Tercet 3 stresses with a varied count of syllables.
Quatrain 4 Syllabic Meter - lines have the same number of syllables
Quintet 5 and varied count of stresses.
Sestet 6 Accentual-syllabic meter - lines have the same number of
Septet 7 syllables, both stressed and non-stressed; arranged infix
order.
Octave 8 Free verse - lines have an irregular number of stresses and
syllables.

5. Genre –choose from the three types of the genre of poetry namely:
a. Descriptive – with emphasis on specifics, an example is the didactic poem
b. Narrative poem – conveys a story, an example of this is epic and ballad
c. Lyric poem – it deals with the feelings and inner thought of the poet, examples are
ode, sonnet, dramatic and monologs

6. Literary Devices – these devices which have been discussed in the previous lesson work
well to illustrate to give visual components, enhances the meaning, and give deeper appeal
to the readers; this is by way of the imagery, figures of speech, and figurative languages.

WHAT’S MORE

Since, we have discussed about the elements of a short poem to be familiar with it. It
is the best way to pour out your thoughts and feelings, so it is encouraged to write
poems. To help you out in your writing, an article in masterclass.com enumerated
rules in writing poems which could help you as a beginner. Let’s go through some of
it to give ideas on what to do when you needed to make one.

1. Read a lot of poetry - it is a rule of the thumb, that if you wanted to know a lot you
have to read a lot. It makes not only your vocabulary wider, but also how you
interpret lines.

2. Listen to live poetry recitations - you can engage yourself in this type of poetry
delivery to be inspired and be encouraged to write what you feel. There are many
of these you can view on Youtube not only that it will be helpful to your writings but
also you get influenced of how the words and rhythms are delivered.
3. Start small - though, short poems are very challenging, but you can play with
words using haiku. We have discussed on how many syllables and lines that you
must use in a haiku.

4. Enhance the poetic form with literary devices - you have learned about literary
devices, now you can apply it to give a deeper meaning on your creation.

5. Try telling a story with your poem - remember that this is an expression of your
thoughts, ideas, and feelings. You can apply it to your poem for a start. It is easier
to do things when it is closely related to you, something that you have come to
encounter or experienced.

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 WHAT I CAN DO

Let us check your understanding after discussing the short poem. To further your learning about the
short poem, let us apply what you have learned in the following activities:

Task 1. Match the lines of poems in Column A with its corresponding themes in Column B. Write the
letter of your answer on the space provided on the left. (Poems made by Gary R. Hess).

Column A Column B
_____ 1. I choose the weapon I know best, a. love
to fight off the evil souls.
_____ 2. I loved you more than I have ever known. b. time
_____ 3. All act the same from the start, c. patriotism
Before you know it, some disappear.
_____ 4. Lost a lifetime d. nature
And lost desire
_____ 5. Eagles soaring through the air, e. loneliness
Flying along calm and smooth.
Task 2. Blackout Poetry.

What do you an old newspaper or an old

need? magazine, marker pen
What to do? Finds words a page of a
newspaper or magazine
that might be useful in
composing poetry. Words
should be interconnected
so the ideas will be
cohesive. Box the words
out, and the rest should be
Figure 1. Black out poetry sample
blackened.
What is the Your composition should
result? look like figure 1, on your
right.
What to submit? Attached the newspaper
that you use for the
Blackout Poetry.

Task 3. Write a song lyric depicting the theme and the tone of your state today.
17
Lesson
Techniques in Poetry Writing
6
WHAT I NEED TO KNOW
How to write a poem? There are sets of guidelines everywhere, so does in writing
poetry. Let us learn some more about poems and write poetry. Last time, we unravel
the elements of poetry including the literary devices. In this lesson, let us focus on
the techniques that we can use in writing a poem.
After this lesson, you are expected to:
1. apply the various elements and literary devices of poetry;
2. demonstrate internal rhyming by making blackout poetry;and
3. interpret the figurative languages used in a poem.

WHAT IS IT
The self-publishingschool.com website enumerated 8 fundamentals of techniques
writing poetry however, presented are only four techniques and these are as follows:
1. Poem structure – this maybe in a much different structure. Listed are just a few
important particulars of poem structure:

a. Form of a poem – this is the structure of poem that is necessary to compose it, which
includes the rhyme, line length, number of lines, stanzas, and more. Here are the different
forms:
• Sonnet – it has 14 lines, rhyming on each line.
• Haiku – composed of 3 lines, wherein the first and last lines have 5 syllables while the
middle has 7 syllables.
• Acrostic – a familiar type of poem which lets you give meaning to each letter of a word
to fit with your theme or give profound meaning to the word.
• Limerick – is an entertaining poem, composed of 5 lines which the first, second, and
fifth lines rhymes and the other two rhymes together.
• Epic – is a long narration of quests of the central character, mostly hero stories in poetic
form.
• Couplet – it is a single-handed poem that is an excerpt from another poem and is
composed of a two-line rhyme.
• Free verse – simply liberally written and does not follow any guidelines.

2. Imagery – a literary device that functions to describe the object of the poem using the
five senses. Some example of imagery “her eyes is burning with a desire to triumph”, “his feet
runs freely on the solid ground”, among others.

3. Sound – this is the ear of your poem which magnetize the reader or the listener to
continue, it is the aural impact of your poem even without the presence of the rhyme. A beginner
may use the options below:

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a. Assonance – while this is a figure of speech, it is a technique that you can use by vowel
repetition. As an example: “Hear the mellow wedding bells” by Edgar Allan Poe.
b. Alliteration – another figure of speech in which there is a repetition of the consonant at the
beginning of words. An example of this is “She sells seashells by the seashore”.
c. Internal rhymes – it is getting the sound of rhyme without even rhyming, because of every
word that is connected; that it gives an impression of the rhyming sound.
4. Meaning – it is the heart of the poem, it is the intent and the significance of composing it. It
should be heartfelt, connected to the reader, and should not be unfilled.

WHAT’S MORE
Now that we learned about the techniques in poetry writing, there are some trivia that
you might want to know. The Haiku is the shortest poem and does not follow a rhyme
scheme. Acrostic is very popular among the young ones because it is easy to do. And
William Shakespeare is popular in creating sonnet, and he actually made a sonnet
with the same title.

WHAT I CAN DO

We already know about the different techniques of short poetry. Now, let us apply what you
have learned by doing the following activities:

Task 1. Read the stanza of a free verse poem below and write the appropriate word in the
gap using the selection provided.

giggle crowd home breathes moves distancing

Smaller ( _________1.)yet bugling mind

Everyone ( _________2.) warily
( _________3.) themselves to every cell
Nobody ( _________4.) or gamble on
Stay at ( _________5.) and break the snag
Task 2. Interpret the lines of the poem below, and determine the meaning of the poem

A simple utterance of rock-strewn whines 1.

The humble screeches and tumbles down 2.
The bottom that is one’s faith and soul 3.
It crashes and cripples the creation 4.
No matter what you build, it falls like a debris 5.

19
 Lesson
Primary Elements of Fiction
7

WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

Fiction, especially in prose form – short stories and novels, effectively make us of
elements like characters, setting, and point of view to make a lasting impression on
readers.
After this lesson, you are expected to:
1.explain the elements of fiction and
2.create elements of fiction for your own story.

WHAT IS IT

Fiction is a type of literature that comes from the author’s imagination. Just like other
types of literature, elements of fiction should work harmoniously for the story to make sense. Below
are some of these elements:
1. Character
This element of fiction can either be a person, an animal, or an imaginary creature that takes
part in the plot of the story. Six of the most common types of characters are the following:

a. Protagonist – the entire story revolves around the protagonist.

Example: Cinderella, Snow White, Rapunzel
b. Antagonist – can be a person or group of characters who causes the conflicts for the
protagonist.
Example: Cinderella’s stepmother and stepsisters, The Evil Queen, Mother
Gothel
c. Round Character - a character who is considered as complex; has more than one
distinct characteristic.
Example: Elizabeth Bennet, Harry Potter, Romeo Montague
d. Flat Character - a character who is given one or two traits, usually only all positive or
negative, in the story.
Example: Crabbe and Goyle (from the Harry Potter series)
e. Dynamic Character - a character who undergoes development or change throughout
the story.
Example: Aladdin – from being a thief in the streets to becoming an honest hero;
Gru (from Despicable Me) – from being a villain who turned into a loving father
f. Static Character - a character who does not undergo any significant change
throughout the story.
Example: Donald Duck, Homer Simpson
2. Setting
This element of fiction is when and where the story takes place. It includes the immediate
surroundings of the character/s, time, weather, and/or social environment.

20
 3. Point of View
This element of fiction refers to the lens in which the story is told. It is either in the first-person
or third-person point of view.
a. First person point of view – the narrator of the story is one of the characters who is
actively participating in it. Pronouns like I, and We are often used in this POV.
b. Third person point of view – the narrator of the story is not a character in the story.
This POV can either be:
o Third person omniscient – in which the narrator knows everything about all the
characters in the story (including their thoughts and feelings).
o Third person limited – the narrator knows only the thoughts and feelings of one
character.

WHAT’S MORE

“Character in fiction may be understood through studying the external and internal
qualities of a figure.” (Sanchez, et.al., 2016) External qualities refer to the physical
attributes of the characters. Internal qualities are shown through the characters’ words
and actions. The process of giving these traits to your characters is known as
characterization.

Here are some aspects to consider and questions to ask yourself when writing your
story, especially when thinking about the setting (Buhisan, et.al., 2016):
a. Physical World - What are the physical features of the land (mountains, rivers,
forests)?
b. Characters Revealed by Setting - How does change in the setting affect the
character’s mood of feeling?
c. Settings Revealed by Characters – What clues do the characters give to describe
the setting of the story?
d. Atmospheric Setting – Is the description of the story light and vibrant? or dark and
haunting?

WHAT I CAN DO

The names in Column A are fictional characters from movies, and television series. Determine
what kind of character they are then write your answers in Column B. Support your answer
by writing a brief explanation on Column C.

Column A Column B Column C

She is a static character because

she does not change throughout
Ex. Cinderella’s Fairy god mother Static character
the entire story. She is good from
the beginning until the end.

1. Heneral Luna

21
 2. Tom from Tom and Jerry

Characters: Think of your own fictional characters. Provide a name, physical features, and
attributes for each. Lastly, classify what kind of character each of them is.

Attributes / Personality,
Name of Character Physical Features (Description)
Type of Character

Setting: Now that you have three main fictional characters, it is now time to think of the setting.
Use imagery in describing your setting.
Example: “The room is filled with darkness. A room of regrets. Room outside the world of
freedom. Room for sinners. (A description for jail or prison cell)
(Buhisan et.al., 2016)
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________

Point of View: In what point of view do you want your story to be told? Explain. After that, write a
one-paragraph introduction of your short story using the point of view that you have chosen.
Point of View: ___________________________________________
Why did you choose this point of view?
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________

Write a one-paragraph introduction for your short story using the point of view that you have
chosen.

_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
References:Buhisan, A. S., et.al. (2016). Creative Writing: K-12 Compliant Worktext for the Senior High School. Pasay City,
Philippines: JFS Publishing Services.Sanchez, L. L.,et.al. (2016). 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World. Quezon
City: Vibal Group Inc.

22
 Lesson
Other Elements of Fiction
8

WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

Last week, you learned about three of the elements of fiction that helps a literary
work make a lasting impression on readers. For this week, we are going to discover
three more – plot, conflict, and theme.
After this lesson, you are expected to:
1.explain the elements of fiction and
2.create elements of fiction for your own story.

WHAT IS IT

Fiction is a type of literature that comes from the author’s imagination. Just like other
types of literature, elements of fiction should work harmoniously for the story to make sense. Below
are some of these elements:
1. Plot
This element of fiction refers to the series of main events in fiction. Below are the five main
elements of plot.
a. Exposition – this is where the characters, and the setting of the story are introduced.
b. Rising Action – this is when things start to get complicated, and conflicts arise.
c. Climax – this is the turning point of the story, the most exciting part.
d. Falling Action – this is when the story starts to slow down and events in the climax
would start to make sense.
e. Resolution – this is the tying of all loose ends of the story.

2. Conflict
This element of fiction refers to the various problems that a character faces in a story. Some
major examples of conflict in fiction are:
a. Character vs. Character
b. Character vs. Society
c. Character vs. Nature
d. Character v. Technology
e. Character vs. Supernatural
f. Character vs. Fate
g. Character vs. Self

3. Theme
This is the element of fiction that refers to the central message or central idea of the story.

23
 WHAT’S MORE

Aside from the elements of fiction, authors also employ the use literary techniques. Literary
techniques are intentional construction of words that the author uses to convey his message.
Other than figurative language, below are some of the most used literary techniques:
1. Foreshadowing
This is a literary technique where the author gives a clue or hint of what is to come later in
the story.
2. Flashback
This literary device allows the author to go back in time either to recount past events or to
make sense of what is currently happening.
3. Dramatic Irony
This is when the reader knows a crucial information which the characters in the story do not.
4. Situational Irony
This is when an event occurs which is the opposite of what is expected.
5. Symbolism
This literary technique refers to the use of specific things or objects to represent abstract
ideas.

WHAT I CAN DO

Plot: Develop a story using the five elements of a plot that you have learned this week. You can
choose from five categories below.
a. Adventure
b. Love story
c. Mystery
d. Sci-fi
Exposition (Beginning)

Rising Action
(Include an inciting incident – something that
would make your readers ask: “What will
happen next?)
Climax

24
 Falling Action

Resolution

Plot: Using the plot that you have created, write a short story with eight scenes. Remember that the
scenes should be in line with plot.

Scene 1

Scene 2

Scene 3

Scene 4

Scene 5

Scene 6

Scene 7

Scene 8

Theme: What central message do you want to send to your readers? Do you think the plot and
scenes that you have created is successful in sending this message across? How?
Theme: _______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

Explanation: ____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

25
 Lesson Writing journal entries
9

WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

Writing a composition is one of the skills that all senior high school students should
master. This lesson will help the students to learn the different types of composition
writing.
After this lesson, you are expected to:
1. identify the different types of short compositions and
2. write different types of short compositions.

WHAT IS IT

Types of Short Compositions

1. Journal Entry – It refers to somebody’s written record of recording
personal insights, experiences, and reflections on assigned or personal topics.
Example:
I used to love Halloween. It was a time when I would get kind of scared, but in that
exciting way…
2. Letter -It is a piece of handwritten or printed text addressed to a recipient
and typically sent by mail.
Example:
December 20, 1963
Dear Mrs. Kennedy,
My deepest sympathy on the tragic loss of your husband. If could take away the
sorrow and pain, I would, but I can only share it…
3. Report – It refers to the findings, facts,or information that tells people
about them in print or a broadcast.
Example: The interview started slowly, so I asked Frank about sports. He has played high
school football and also runs track…..

WHAT’S MORE

A creative fiction can be more impactful if the writer apply the different Key
Elements. Read and analyze the following Key Elements of Fiction.
26
 1. Setting -It refers to the time and place the story happened.
2. Characters -These are the people in the story.
3. Plot -It refers to the series of the major events happened in
the story.
4. Point of View - It refers on how the narrator told the story.
5. Style - It refers on how the author wrote the story. It includes the diction
(choice of words), syntax (arrangement of words, and
other linguistic features.
6. Theme - It refers to the central idea of the story.

WHAT I CAN DO

TASK 1: Select the missing words that will complete the following sentences. Use of a
separate paper in writing your answers.
1. In order to express your care for your parents, write a (letter, report).
2. If you write about doing laundry or dishes, you make a (journal entry, report).
3. If you write a tribute to someone who is a hero, make a (letter, report).
4. In writing about a teacher in your school, you will use the (second, third) person
point-of-view.
5. Love is a (theme, point-of-view) of “Romeo and Juliet”.
TASK 2: Write a letter that contains your feelings for someone whom you admire. Use a
separate paper for you answer.
TASK 3: Silver Lining: Write a journal entry about the good that happened to you in a bad
situation. Use the past tense of the verb for each of your sentence. Write your answer on a
separate paper.
Here is the rubric to be used in assessing your work in Task 1 and Task 2

Source: http://rubistar.4teachers.org/index.php?ts=1616574678

27
 Lesson Writing short compositions
10

WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

Written compositions have many types. Each of those types has its own
identity. This lesson will help the students to discover other types of short
compositions.
After this lesson, you are expected to:
1. identify the different types of short compositions and
2. write different types of short compositions.

WHAT IS IT

Types of Short Compositions

1. Speech – It refers to a written talk given to an audience that tends to be more
persuasive or inspirational.
Example: An Excerpt of Inauguration of John F. Kenedy

We observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom--

symbolizing an end as well as a beginning--signifying renewal as well as
change. For I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn
oath our forbears prescribed nearly a century and three-quarters ago.

The world is very different now. For man holds in his mortal hands the
power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life.
And yet the same revolutionary beliefs for which our forebears fought are
still at issue around the globe--the belief that the rights of man come not
from the generosity of the state but from the hand of God.

Source: https://www.jfklibrary.org/learn/about-jfk/historic-
speeches/inaugural-address
2. Short Story- It refers to a work shorter than a novel that includes character
development and plot details.
Example: An Excerpt of The Counselor by Michael Tide Man

After he put on the fresh clothes and checked himself in the mirrored glint
of a window backed by a darkened hallway, Benny smelled the greasy
aroma of food. He cut a dry path around the sprinkler and came to a large,
green dumpster.

28
 WHAT’S MORE

There are Elements of Fictions that have different parts and types. Read
and analyze the following Elements of Fiction and their types.

1. Characters -These are the people in the story. There are different types of
characters.
➢ Protagonist - It refers to the main character of the story.
➢ Antagonist - It refers to the opposite of the protagonist.
➢ Confidante - It refers to someone that the protagonist confides in.

2. Plot -It refers to the series of the major events happened in

the story. It has different parts.
➢ Exposition- It the introduction where we meet the characters and
understand the setting.
➢ Rising Action- It unfolds and contains the conflict.
➢ Climax- It is the most exciting part of the story.
➢ Falling Action- It is the part where we see things start to wind down.

WHAT I CAN DO

TASK 1: Identify what element of fiction is being described in the following

sentences.
________ 1. It refers to the series of events happened in the story.
________ 2. It is considered as the main character in the story.
________ 3. It is the most exciting part of the story.
________ 4. This person refers to the opposite of the protagonist.
________ 5. It unfolds the conflict.
TASK 2: Using 100 words, write a speech that is all about the things that you are
thankful for. Use a separate paper.
TASK 3: Use a separate paper to write a short story about a time when you had to
make a difficult choice. In this short story, kindly include the elements of fiction
discussed.

29