UNIVERSITY OF RIZAL SYSTEM

MORONG RIZAL

PROJECT MIDTEM
BT-ELT 3-4
(PHYSICS 1)

Submitted: November 06, 2023

ALBIS, TOMAS ANGEL

1. Problem: A car is initially traveling at a speed of 25 m/s. It accelerates at a rate of 2

m/s² for a time period of 10 seconds. Calculate the final velocity of the car.

Solution: Using the equation of motion, v = u + at, where v is the final velocity, u is the
initial velocity, a is the acceleration, and t is the time:
v = 25 m/s + (2 m/s²) (10 s)
v = 25 m/s + 20 m/s
v = 45 m/s

2. Problem: An object is dropped from a height of 50 meters. Calculate the time it takes
for the object to hit the ground.

Solution: Using the formula h = (1/2)gt², where h is the height, g is the acceleration due
to gravity (approximately 9.8 m/s²), and t is the time:
50 m = (1/2) (9.8 m/s²) t²
t² = (2*50 m) / (9.8 m/s²)
t² ≈ 10.204
t ≈ √10.204
t ≈ 3.2 s

3. Problem: A spring has a spring constant of 100 N/m. If a force of 20 N is applied to

the spring, calculate the displacement of the spring.

Solution: Using Hooke's Law, F = kx, where F is the force, k is the spring constant, and
x is the displacement:
20 N = (100 N/m) x
x = 20 N / 100 N/m
x = 0.2 m

4. Problem: A ball is thrown vertically upwards from the ground with an initial velocity of
15 m/s. Calculate the maximum height reached by the ball.

Solution: The maximum height is reached when the ball's velocity becomes zero.
Using the equation v² = u² + 2as, where v is the final velocity, u is the initial velocity, a
is acceleration, and s is displacement:
0 = (15 m/s)² + 2(-9.8 m/s²)s
0 = 225 m²/s² - 19.6 m/s² s
19.6 m/s² s = 225 m²/s²
s ≈ 11.5 m

5. Problem: A car accelerates uniformly from rest to a speed of 30 m/s in a time of 10

seconds. Calculate the acceleration of the car.

Solution: Using the equation of motion, v = u + at, where v is the final velocity, u is the
initial velocity, a is the acceleration, and t is the time:
30 m/s = 0 m/s + a(10 s)
30 m/s = 10 a
a = 30 m/s / 10 s
a = 3 m/s²

6. Problem: A block of mass 2 kg is pushed with a force of 10 N on a frictionless

surface. Calculate the acceleration of the block.
Solution: Using Newton's second law, F = ma, where F is the force applied, m is the
mass of the block, and a is the acceleration:
10 N = 2 kg * a
a = 10 N / 2 kg
a = 5 m/s²

7. Problem: An object with an initial velocity of 5 m/s comes to rest in 10 seconds due
to an acceleration of -0.5 m/s². Calculate the displacement of the object during this
time.

Solution: Using the equation of motion, v = u + at, where v is the final velocity, u is the
initial velocity, a is the acceleration, and t is the time:
0 m/s = 5 m/s + (-0.5 m/s²)(10 s) + s
s = -5 m/s² * 10 s
s = -50 m

8. Problem: A pendulum swings with a period of 2 seconds. Calculate the frequency of

the pendulum.

Solution: The frequency, f, is the inverse of the period: f = 1 / T, where T is the period.
f=1/2s
f = 0.5 Hz

9. Problem: A cyclist travels a distance of 50 meters in a time of 10 seconds. Calculate

the average speed of the cyclist.

Solution: Average speed, v, is given by the formula v = d / t, where d is the distance

traveled, and t is the time taken.
v = 50 m / 10 s
v = 5 m/s

10. Problem: A force of 100 N is applied on an object, resulting in a displacement of 20

meters. Calculate the work done on the object.

Solution: The work done, W, is given by the formula W = Fd, where F is the force
applied, and d is the displacement.
W = 100 N * 20 m
W = 2000 J (Joules)
ANTONIL, DON HENLEY

Problem 1: Newton's First Law Problem: An object with a mass of 5 kg is at rest.

What force is required to set it in motion with an acceleration of 2 m/s²?

Solution: According to Newton's first law, F=ma, where F is the force, m is the mass,
and a is the acceleration. Substituting the given values, we have F=5kg∗2m/s 2 =10N.

Problem 2: Newton's Second Law Problem: A 10 kg object is subjected to a force of

30 N. Calculate the acceleration.

Solution: Again, using Newton's second law, F=ma, you can rearrange the formula to
find acceleration: a= m/F . Substituting the values, a= 10kg 30N =3m/s 2.

Problem 3: Newton's Third Law Problem: Two cars collide. Car A exerts a force of
6000 N to the east on car B. What force does car B exert on car A?

Solution: According to Newton's third law, action and reaction forces are equal in
magnitude but opposite in direction. So, car B exerts a force of 6000 N to the west on
car A.

Problem 4: Friction Problem: A 50 kg object is sliding on a horizontal surface with a

coefficient of kinetic friction (μ k) of 0.3. Calculate the force of kinetic friction acting on
the object.

Solution: The force of kinetic friction is given by Fk =μk ∗N, where N is the normal
force. The normal force is equal to the weight of the object, N=mg, where m is the
mass and g is the acceleration due to gravity. So, N=50kg∗9.8m/s 2 =490N, and F k
=0.3∗490N=147N.

Problem 5: Tension in a Rope Problem: A 4 kg mass hangs vertically from a rope.

Calculate the tension in the rope.

Solution: The tension in the rope is equal to the weight of the hanging mass, which is
T=mg=4kg∗9.8m/s 2 =39.2N.

Problem 6: Inclined Plane Problem: A 6 kg box is placed on a frictionless inclined

plane with an angle of 30 degrees. Calculate the acceleration of the box.

Solution: The acceleration can be found using a=g∗sin(θ), where g is the acceleration
due to gravity and θ is the angle of the incline. Substituting the values, a=9.8m/s 2
∗sin 30°)=4.9m/s 2 .

Problem 7: Projectile Motion Problem: A ball is kicked at an angle of 45 degrees

with respect to the horizontal and has an initial velocity of 20 m/s. Calculate the time it
takes for the ball to reach its maximum height.
Solution: To find the time it takes to reach the maximum height, you can use the
formula t= Vi sin(θ)/g , where Vi is the initial velocity, θ is the angle, and g is the
acceleration due to gravity. Substituting the values, (t = \frac{20 m/s * \sin (45°)}{9.8
m/s²} \approx 1.45 seconds.

Problem 8: Circular Motion Problem: A car is moving in a circle of radius 50 meters

at a constant speed of 20 m/s. Calculate the centripetal acceleration.
Solution: The centripetal acceleration is given by = ac = V2/r , where V is the
velocity and r is the radius. Substituting the values, = ac = (20m/s) 2/50m =8m/s 2 .

Problem 9: Work and Energy Problems: A force of 100 N is applied to move an

object 5 meters. Calculate the work done.

Solution: The work done is given by W=Fd, where F is the force and d is the
displacement. Substituting the values, W=100N∗5m=500J(joules).

Problem 10: Conservation of Momentum Problem: Two ice skaters of equal mass,
initially at rest, push off each other on an ice rink. If one skater has a velocity of 3 m/s
to the right, what is the velocity of the other skater?

Solution: According to the conservation of momentum, the total momentum before the
push is zero since they are initially at rest, and it remains zero after the push.
Therefore, the other skater must have a velocity of -3 m/s to the left to keep the total
momentum zero.
ANTONIO, ADRIAN
Numerical Problems
1. Calculate the work done by a force of 30 N in lifting a load of 2kg to a height of 10m
(g = 10ms-2)
Answer:
Given :
Force mg = 30 N ; height = 10 m
Work done to lift a load W = ?
W = F.S (or) mgh
= 30x10
W = 300 J
Ans: 300J

2. A bob of mass m is attached to one end of the rod of negligible mass and length r,
the other end of which is pivoted freely at a fixed center O as shown in the figure. What
initial speed must be given to the object to reach the top of the circle? (Hint: Use law of
conservation of energy). Is this speed less or greater than speed obtained in the
section 4.2.9?
v12 = vL2 - 2gr (1 - cos θ)
v12 = 5gr - 2gr (l-cosθ)
If θ = 60°
v12 = 5gr-2gr(l – 1/2)
v12 = 5gr - gr => v12 = 4gr
v1 = √[4gr] ms-
Ans: √4gr ms-1

3. Two different unknown masses A and B collide. A is initially at rest when B has a
speed v. After collision B has a speed v/2 and moves at right angles to its original
direction of motion. Find the direction in which A moves after collision.

Answer:
Momentium is censerved in both × and y direction.
In x - direction
MBVB = O + MAVA' cosɸ ...(l)
In y - direction
O = MBVB' - MAVA'sinɸ ...(2)
(2)/(1) tanɸ = VB’/VB = 1/2
tan ɸ = ½
ɸ = 26.6° (or) 26° 36' [1° = 60']
Ans: θ = 26° 33′

4. A bullet of mass 20 g strikes a pendulum of mass 5 kg. The centre of mass of

pendulum rises a vertical distance of 10 cm. If the bullet gets embedded into the
pendulum, calculate its initial speed.
Answer
Mass of the bullet m1 = 20 g = 0.02 kg.
Mass of the pendulum m2 = 5 kg
Centre of mass of pendulum rises to a height = h = 10 cm = 0.1 m
Speed of the bullet = u1
Pendulum is at rest .:. u2 = 0
Common velocity of the bullet and the pendulum after the bullet is embeded into the
object = v
From II equation of motion
v = √[2gh] = √[2x9.8x0.1] = √[1.96] = 1.4 ms-1
Substitute the value of v in equation (1)
1.4 = 0.02 u1/5.02
u1 = 5.02x1.4 / 0.02
u1 = 351.4 ms-1
Ans: v = 351.4m s-1

5. The heat of vaporization of water is 2257 Joules/gram or 540 calories/gram. What

energy in Joules is required to convert 50 grams of water into steam? How much
energy in calories?
Solution: Plug what we know into the heat formula from above.
m = 50 grams
ΔHv = 2257 J/gram
Q = m · ΔHv
Q = (50 g) · (2257 J/g)
Q = 112850 J = 112.85 kJ
In calories:
ΔHv = 540 cal/g
Q = m · ΔHv
Q = (50 g) · (540 cal/g)
Q = 27000 cal = 27 kcal

6.If a 15kg object is subjected to a force of 175N to the east and another force of
1020N to the west, what is the object’s acceleration?
Possible Answers:
113m/s2
1.4m/s2
5.6m/s2
56m/s2
Correct answer:
56m/s2

7.Write what you are given, your assumptions, and what the problem is asking you to
find
Keep in mind that the problem may give you more information than you need to solve it
m = 5 kg v₁ = 0 m/s
Y₁ = 8 m 9 = 9.8 m/s²
Yt = 0 m V₁ = ?

8.Check your answer

•Did you actually find what the problem asked for?
• Do your units make sense?
Do the magnitude and sign (+/-) make sense?
A 5 kg hall is dropped from rest at a height of 8 m. Ignoring air resistance, how fast will
it be travelling when it hits the ground?
✓ v₁ = 12.5 m/s

9. A car of mass is initially at rest, and then accelerates at for . What is the kinetic
energy of the car at time ?
Possible Answers:
Correct answer:
Explanation:
The first step will be to find the final velocity of the car. We know the acceleration and
time, so we can find the final velocity using kinematics. The initial velocity is zero, since
the car starts at rest.

10. A spring is compressed from equilibrium by a force of . What is the spring constant
for this spring?
Possible Answers:
Correct answer:
Explanation:
We use Hooke's law equation to relate the force, displacement, and spring constant:

RAYMART B. BADILLOS

1. A block slides along a frictionless surface with a constant acceleration of 2 m/s2. At

time t = 0 s the block is at x = 5m and travelling with a velocity of 3 m/s.
2. a) Where is the block at t = 2 seconds?
3. b) What is the block’s velocity at 2 seconds?
4. c) Where is the block when it’s velocity is 10 m/s?
5. d) How long did it take to get to this point?

Solution:
Here is an illustration of the setup.
The variables we know are:
x0 = 5 m
v0 = 3 m/s
a = 2 m/s2
(Part a) Where is the block at t = 2 seconds?
Equation 1 is the useful equation for this part.
x = x0 + v0t + ½at2
Substitute t = 2 seconds for t and the appropriate values of x0 and v0.
x = 5 m + (3 m/s)(2 s) + ½(2 m/s2)(2 s)2
x=5m+6m+4m
x = 15 m
The block is at the 15 meter mark at t = 2 seconds.

(Part b) What is the block’s velocity at t = 2 seconds?

This time, Equation 2 is the useful equation.
v = v0 + at
v = (3 m/s) + (2 m/s2)(2 s)
v = 3 m/s + 4 m/s
v = 7 m/s
The block is travelling 7 m/s at t = 2 seconds.

(Part c) Where is the block when it’s velocity is 10 m/s?

Equation 3 is the most useful at this time.
v2 = v02 + 2a(x – x0)
(10 m/s)2 = (3 m/s)2 + 2(2 m/s2)(x – 5 m)
100 m2/s2 = 9 m2/s2 + 4 m/s2(x – 5 m)
91 m2/s2 = 4 m/s2(x – 5 m)
22.75 m = x – 5 m
27.75 m = x
The block is at the 27.75 m mark.

(Part d) How long did it take to get to this point?

There are two ways you could do this. You could use Equation 1 and solve for t using
the value you calculated in part c of the problem, or you could use equation 2 and
solve for t. Equation 2 is easier.
v = v0 + at
10 m/s = 3 m/s + (2 m/s2)t
7 m/s = (2 m/s2)t
7⁄2 s = t
It takes 7⁄2 s or 3.5 s to get to the 27.75 m mark.
One tricky part of this type of problem is you have to pay attention to what the question
is asking for. In this case, you were not asked how far the block travelled, but where it
is. The reference point is 5 meters from the origin point. If you needed to know how far
the block travelled, you would have to subtract the 5 meters.

2. A motorist is speeding along at 120 km/hr when he sees a squirrel on the road 200
meters in front of him. He tries to stop, but it takes 12 seconds for his car to stop.
(a) What is the acceleration of the car? (assume acceleration was constant)
(b) Does the squirrel survive?
(c) How fast was the car moving at 100 meters?
Solution:
This shows the conditions of the vehicle at the beginning (t = 0 s) and when the car
has come to a stop (v = 0 km/hr)

(Part a) Find the acceleration.

Use Equation 2 from above.
v = v0 + at
Use t = 12 seconds and v0 = 120 km/hr. First, notice the stopping time is in seconds,
but the velocity is per hour. We will also need the distance to be in meters, so convert
the velocity to m/s:

v0 = 33.33 m/s
The car is stopped at the end, so the final velocity is equal to zero.
0 = 33.33 m/s + a(12 s
-33.33 m/s = a(12 s)
a = -2.78 m/s2
Note the acceleration is negative. This means it is slowing down the vehicle as motion
progresses in the positive direction. Just what you would expect in a problem where
the vehicle is slowing down.

(Part b) Does the squirrel survive?

In order to find out if the squirrel survives, we need to know how far the vehicle
travelled before it stops. If the distance travelled is less than the distance to the
squirrel, the squirrel will survive. Use equation 1 from above for this part.
x = x0 + v0t + ½at2
Plug in the acceleration from part a) and the initial conditions.
x = 0 m + (33.33 m/s)(12 s) + ½(-2.78 m/s2)(12 s)2
x = 399.96 m – 200.16 m
x = 199.8 m
The distance the vehicle took to stop was less than 200 m, so the squirrel did survive
the encounter…barely.

(Part c) What was the velocity at 100 meters?

Use equation 3 from above for this part.
v2 = v02 Use x = 100 meters and the units of the velocities in m/s and acceleration in
m/s2.
v2 = (33.33 m/s)2 + 2(-2.78 m/s2)(100 m – 0 m)
v2 = 1110.89 m2/s2 – 556 m2/s2
v2 = 554.89 m2/s2
v = 23.56 m/s
The vehicle was moving at 23.56 m/s (84.8 km/hr) at the 100 meter mark.

3. A speeding motorist travelling at 120 km/hr passes a stopped police car. The police
car immediately begins to chase the speeder, accelerating at a constant 2.5 m/s2.
(a) How long does it take for the police car to intercept the speeder?
(b) How far did the police car travel before catching up to the speeder?
(c) How fast was the police car travelling when it intercepts the speeder?

Solution:
This illustration shows the conditions of the vehicles at the beginning of the problem
and the time when the police car intercepts the speeder.

(Part a) How long does it take for the police car to intercept the speeder?
First, let’s look at the police car’s equations of motion.
xPI = x0P + V0Pt + ½at2
since the police car starts at 0 and at rest, v0P=0 then
xP = ½at2
vPI = v0P + at
vPI = at
Now for the speeder’s car’s equations of motion.
xS = x0S + V0St + ½at2
x0 = 0 and the speeder is not accelerating, a = 0, therefore
xS = v0St
vS = v0S + at
vS = V0S
vS = 120 km/hr
convert to m/s since our acceleration is in m/s2 and it probably won’t take hours for the
police car to catch up.

cancel out the units and we are left with m/s

multiply out to get

vS = 33.3 m/s
The two vehicles were in the same position at the very beginning of the chase at x = 0.
We need to find where that happens again. This will happen when xPI = xS.
From above:
xPI = ½at2
xS = v0St
Since xPI = xS, we can set these two equations equal to each other.
½at2 = v0St
This quadratic equation has two solutions. The first solution for t is at t = 0 seconds. To
find the second, we can divide both sides by t.
½at = v0S
Solve for t

plug in the values for a = 2.5 m/s2 and v0S = 33.3 m/s and get

t= 26.6 s
It takes 26.6 seconds for the police car to catch up and intercept the speeder.
Part b) How far did the police car travel before catching up to the speeder?
Now that we know the time, we can find the distance. From the police car’s position
equation above:
xPI = ½at2
xPI = ½(2.5 m/s2)(26.6)2
xPI = 888.4 m
The police car travelled 888.4 m before it intercepted the speeder.

(Part c) How fast was the police car travelling when it intercepts the speeder?
Again, using the time and the police car’s velocity equation from above:
vPI = at
vPI = (2.5 m/s2)(26.6 s)
vPI = 66.7 m/s
The police car was travelling at 66.7 m/s when it intercepted the speeder. If you
convert it to km/hr, the speed of the police car is 239.9 km/hr. Talk about speeding
vehicles.
4. The human eye’s optic nerve needs 2 x 10-17 joules of energy to trigger a series of
impulses to signal the brain there is something to see. How many photons of 475 nm
blue light is needed to trigger this response?

Solution: We are given the amount of energy needed to trigger the optic nerve and the
wavelength of light.

First, let’s figure out how much energy is in a single photon of the blue light. We are
given the wavelength as 475 nm. Before we go any further, let’s convert this to meters.
1 nm = 10-9 m
Using this relationship, convert 475 nm to meters

x m = 4.75 x 10-7 m
Now we can use the energy formula from above
E = hc / λ
Plug in the variables
E = (6.626 x 10-34 m2kg/s)(3 x 108 m/s) / 4.75 x 10-7 m
Solve for E
E = 4.18 x 10-19 J
This is the energy of a single photon of 475 nm blue light. We need 2 x 10-17 J of
energy to begin the process.
x photons = 2 x 10-17 J
1 photon = 4.18 x 10-19 J
Divide one equation into the other to get

Solve for x
x = 47.8 photons
Since you can’t have partial photons, we need to round this answer up to the nearest
whole photon count. 47 photons isn’t enough, so one more is needed to get over the
threshold energy.
x = 48 photons
Answer: It takes 48 photons of 475 nm blue light to trigger the optic nerve.

5. Grandfather clocks are decorative clocks with a pendulum measuring out the
passing of a second. How long of a pendulum is needed to have a period of 1 second?
Use 9.8 m/s2 for the acceleration due to gravity.
Square both sides to get rid of the radical

Multiply both sides by g

Divide each side by 4π

Plug in the values for the period and gravity.

L = 0.25 m
Answer: A simple pendulum with a period of 1 second will have a length of 0.25
meters or 25 centimeters.
It is a good idea to write all your units along with your values with these types of
problems. This can catch simple math errors when you expect a length for your answer
and you happen to have length squared or 1/length. It can save you time in the long
run.

6. If it takes 41000 joules of heat to melt 200 grams solid copper to liquid copper, what
is the heat of fusion of copper?

Solution: First, list what we know.

m = 200 g
Q = 41000 J

Apply this to the heat of fusion equation.

Q = m·ΔHf
41000 J = (200 g) · ΔHf

Solve for ΔHf.

ΔHf = 41000 J/200 g
ΔHf = 205 J/g

Answer: The heat of fusion of copper is 205 J/g.

7. Question: Liquid sulfur vaporizes at 445 °C. If it takes 28125 J to convert 20 grams
of 445 °C liquid sulfur to 445 °C gaseous sulfur, what is the heat of vaporization of
sulfur?

Solution: List what we know:

m = 20 g
Q = 28125 J
Plug these values into the heat of vaporization equation.
Q = m · ΔHv
28125 J = (20 g) · ΔHv

Solve for ΔHv.

ΔHv = (28125 J) / (20 g)
ΔHv= 1406.25 J/g
Answer: The heat of vaporization of sulfur is 1406.25 J/g

8. Question: The heat of vaporization of water is 2257 Joules/gram or 540

calories/gram. What energy in Joules is required to convert 50 grams of water into
steam? How much energy in calories?

Solution: Plug what we know into the heat formula from above.
m = 50 grams
ΔHv = 2257 J/gram
Q = m · ΔHv
Q = (50 g) · (2257 J/g)
Q = 112850 J = 112.85 kJ

In calories:
ΔHv = 540 cal/g
Q = m · ΔHv
Q = (50 g) · (540 cal/g)
Q = 27000 cal = 27 kcal

Answer: It takes 112850 Joules or 27000 calories of heat to convert 50 grams of liquid
water into gaseous water or steam.

9. Question: A 500 gram cube of lead is heated from 25 °C to 75 °C. How much
energy was required to heat the lead? The specific heat of lead is 0.129 J/g°C.

Solution: First, let’s the variables we know.

m = 500 grams
c = 0.129 J/g°C
ΔT = (Tfinal – Tinitial) = (75 °C – 25 °C) = 50 °C

Plug these values into the specific heat equation from above.
Q = mcΔT
Q = (500 grams)·(0.129 J/g°C)·(50 °C)
Q = 3225 J

Answer: It took 3225 Joules of energy to heat the lead cube from 25 °C to 75 °C.

10. Question: A 25-gram metal ball is heated 200 °C with 2330 Joules of energy.
What is the specific heat of the metal?

Solution: List the information we know.

m = 25 grams
ΔT = 200 °C
Q = 2330 J

Place these into the specific heat equation.

Q = mcΔT
2330 J = (25 g)c(200 °C)
2330 J = (5000 g°C)c
Divide both sides by 5000 g°C

specific heat example math step 1

c = 0.466 J/g°C
Answer: The specific heat of the metal is 0.466 J/g°C.

BAYBAYON, ALDWIN KURT

Aldwin Kurt S.J. Baybayon BT-ELT 3-4

Question 1

Answer: A

First, we’ll need to rely on Newton’s Third Law of Motion. This law states that two
bodies exert forces of equal magnitude and
opposite direction on each other. In this
case, the force that block Y exerts on block
X has magnitude �����, and the force
that block X exerts on block Y has
magnitude ���. By Newton’s Third Law,
these forces should be equal in magnitude.
So, we have that �����=���.

Next, to compare these two forces to ���,

we’ll need to take a close look at the forces
acting on block Y. If we were to draw a force
diagram of these blocks, it would look like
this:
We see that the gravitational force of magnitude ��� acts downwards on block Y.
Also, the force of block X on block Y with magnitude ��� acts upwards on block Y.
To compare the magnitudes of these two forces, we need to determine the direction of
the acceleration (this is because ����, the net force, will have the same direction).

Because block Y was initially moving downwards, then slowed down to a stop, we
know that the acceleration is in the opposite direction of motion. So, the acceleration is
in the upwards direction. Then, because ��� is in the same direction as acceleration
and ��� is in the opposite direction of acceleration, we have
that ����=���−���.

Then, ���=����+���.

So, we must have that ���>���.

Then, the correct answer is (���=�����)>���.

Question 2

Answer: B

We can first analyze the potential energy of the block-Earth system at points A and C.
We have the following formula:

In this equation, �� is the change in gravitational potential energy, � is the

mass, � is the gravitational constant (9.8 �/�2), and Δ� is the change in height.

So, the gravitational potential energy at point A is: ��=��ℎ.

And, the gravitational potential energy at point C is: ��=��ℎ.

So, ��=��. This makes sense because the block is at the same height at points A
and C, so the potential energy of the block-Earth system (which is dependent on
height) is the same.

Next, let’s look at the kinetic energy by analyzing the total energy. We can assume that
the total energy of the system is conserved since the track is frictionless.

So, the total energy at point A is equal to the total energy at point C. Next, let’s
consider what types of energy we have at each point. We know that we have to
consider gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy at each point. But, we also
have to look at the potential energy given by the spring at point A.

Point A: (����� ������)�=��+��+��, where �� is the potential

energy given by the spring.

Point C: (����� ������)�=��+��. Since there is no spring force acting

on the block at point C, we don’t have to consider spring potential energy at point C.

Since these total energies should be equal to each other we have:

��+��+��=��+��

Then, ��+��=�� (because ��=��). So, we can clearly see that ��<��,
and the correct answer choice is B.

Question 3
Answer: C

To answer this question, we can once again analyze the energy at both points. Since
friction is negligible, we know that the total energy at both points is conserved, and
therefore equal.

So, the total energy at the beginning of the track consists only of gravitational potential
energy. The total energy at the end of the track consists of both gravitational potential
energy and kinetic energy.

So, ��������=������+�, where � is potential energy and � is kinetic

energy.

We’ll use the following formulas:

In the second equation, � is the kinetic energy, � is the mass, and � is the speed.

We see that ��������=���, since the block is initially at height �.

Also, ������=��(0.4), since the block is at height 0.40 � at the end of the
ramp.
Finally, �=12��2.

Then, our original equation becomes ���=��(0.4)+12��2.

We can cancel out � from each term to get: ��=�(0.4)+12�2.

Let’s solve for �:

�=[�(0.4)+12�2]�.

Filling in �=9.8�/�2 and �=3.0�/�, we get: �=[9.8(0.4)+12(3)2]9.8.

Once we solve for �, we see that �=0.86 �.

Question 4

Answer: B

For this question, we’ll need to rely on the following formula:

In this equation, Δ� is the momentum, � is the force, and Δ� is the change in time.

So, if we compute the area under the curve for each object, we’ll be able to determine
the change in momentum for each. Since the areas under both curves have the shape
of a triangle, we can simply use the triangle area formula to compute momentum.

Object X: ��=12(�0)(�0)
Object Y: ��=12(2�0)(�02)=12(�0)(�0)

Then, we see that ��=��.

Question 5

Answer: D

We’ll first need to recall the equation for work:

Note that the force which contributes to work (�) is the force (�) that acts parallel to
the direction (�) of motion.

In this case, since the force is exerted upwards, we have that the work done by the
person is positive if the motion is upwards and negative if the motion is downwards.

So, the correct answer choice is D. Notice that answer choice C is incorrect since even
if the box is moving at a constant speed, the person does negative work on the box
because the applied force is opposite the direction of motion.
Question 6

Answer: A

This problem is tricky in that we’ll need to work with equations involving unknowns
since we’re not really given many concrete numbers. So, our strategy will be to analyze
the equations in terms of the unknowns in order to compare them.

Let’s first look at the relevant equations for gravitational force and circular motion:

In this equation, �� is the gravitational force, � is the gravitational constant, �1 is

the mass of the first object, �2 is the mass of the second object, and � is the radius,
or distance between the two objects.

In this equation, �� is the centripetal acceleration, � is the speed, and � is the

radius.

We can first solve for the gravitational force on each satellite, using the first equation:

�1=��0��(2��)2=14(��0��(��)2)
�2=�2�0��(3��)2=29(��0��(��)2)

Since 14>29, we see that �1>�2.

Next, we’ll need to use the second equation to compute the speed of each satellite. In
this case, the centripetal force is caused by the gravitational force, so we have
that ��=�� for each satellite.
Then, because ��=�0��, we can solve for the centripetal acceleration for each
satellite using the equation ��=���0=���0.

��1=14(���(��)2)
��2=29(���(��)2)

Because ��=�2�, we see that:

��1=14(���(��)2)=(�1)22��
��2=29(���(��)2)=(�1)23��

Solving for the speed, we get:

(�1)2=12(�����)
(�2)2=13(�����)

Then, we see that �1>�2.

Question 7

Answer: B
This question wants us to analyze the momentum of the two carts. Because
momentum is conserved, we can analyze the momentum before and after the collision
and set it equal to each other.

The given equation for momentum is as follows:

In this equation, � is the momentum, � is the mass, and � is the velocity.

Before the collision, because only the left is moving, we have that: ��=���

After the collision, since both carts are moving together at the same speed, we have
that: ��=(�+�)��.

Since ��=��, we have that ���=(�+�)��.

Next, the student wants to create a graph of �� as a function of ��. So, let’s solve
for �� to determine the slope of the line:

��=(��+�)��

So, we see that the slope is ��+�.

Question 8
Answer: A

When discussing angular momentum, we should recall that angular momentum is

always conserved.

So, the total angular momentum before and after the collision should be the same.
This means that the correct answer choice is either A or B.

Also, let’s use this fact to set up equations in order to learn more about the system.
The equations that we’ll use are:

In the second equation, � is the angular momentum, � is the moment of inertia,

and � is the angular velocity.

Because momentum is conserved, the momentums before and after are equivalent.

Before:
Momentum: ��=���
Angular momentum: ��=���

After:
Momentum: ��=2���
Angular momentum: ��=2���

Because disks A and B are identical, they have the same mass and moment of inertia,
so after the collision, we have double the mass and double the moment of inertia.

Using ��=�� and ��=�� , we can solve for �� and �� to get that:

��=12��
��=12��

Now, we can use this information to analyze the total kinetic energy of the system.
Let’s use the following equations:

The first equation is for translational kinetic energy and the second equation is for
rotational kinetic energy, and we’ll need to consider both to compute the total kinetic
energy.

The total kinetic energy before the collision is:

��=12��� 2+12��� 2
Then, the total kinetic energy after the collision is:

��=12(2�)�� 2+12(2�)�� 2
=��� 2+��� 2
=�(12��)2+�(12��)2
=12(12��� 2+12��� 2)
=12��

So, the kinetic energy is one-half its original value.

Question 9

Answer: B, D

This question is one of the infamous multiple-select questions, so you’ll need to be

extra careful when selecting your answers. Let’s go through each answer choice and
determine whether it’s true or not.

For answer choice A, we’ll need to note that the satellite’s rotational kinetic energy is
dependent on the radius. But, since the orbit is elliptical, the radius is changing. Then,
the kinetic energy is not constant, so this statement is false.

For answer choice B, we need to recall that in elliptical orbit motion, angular
momentum is always constant, so this statement is true.

For answer choice C, recall that linear momentum is dependent on mass and velocity.
Though the mass is constant, the velocity is constantly changing since the satellite is
moving in an ellipse (which means the radius is changing and thus so is velocity). This
means that the linear momentum is not constant and this statement is false.

Finally, for answer choice D, we’ll need the following equation:

In this equation, �� is the gravitational potential energy.

So, this quantity is the largest when � is the largest, which means the statement is
true.
Question 10

Solution:

Student 1 claims that the sphere can’t move in a circle because none of the forces
acting on it are in the direction of point C. But, what the student is forgetting is that the
centripetal force is a net force, which means it’s the accumulation of all forces acting
on the object. So, even though none of the individual forces are pointing in the
direction of point C, their sum could be pointing in that direction. Also, the tension force
exerted by the string on the sphere has a horizontal component in the direction of C
which contributes to the centripetal force.
Student 2 claims that the tension force exerted by the string is less than the weight of
the sphere because of the angle, which means it should be moving downwards. But,
what the student doesn’t realize is that the magnitude of the tension forces and the
weight are not necessarily equal. So, the magnitude of the tension force could be large
enough that the vertical component of it is still larger than or equal to the weight (even
with the angle).
CALLEJA, MARK ANTHONY

1.An airplane accelerates down a runway at 3.20 m/s2 for 32.8 s until it finally lifts off
the ground. Determine the distance traveled before takeoff.

Given:
a = +3.2 m/s2
t = 32.8 s
vi = 0 m/s

Find:
d = ??
d = vi*t + 0.5*a*t2
d = (0 m/s)*(32.8 s)+ 0.5*(3.20 m/s2)*(32.8s)2

d = 1720 m

2.A car starts from rest and accelerates uniformly over a time of 5.21 seconds for a
distance of 110 m. Determine the acceleration of the car.
Given:
d = 110 m
t = 5.21 s
vi = 0 m/s

Find:
a = ??
d = vi*t + 0.5*a*t2
110 m = (0 m/s)*(5.21 s)+ 0.5*(a)*(5.21 s)2
110 m = (13.57 s2)*a
a = (110 m)/(13.57 s2)

a = 8.10 m/ s2

3. A race car accelerates uniformly from 18.5 m/s to 46.1 m/s in 2.47 seconds.
Determine the acceleration of the car and the distance traveled.
Given:
vi = 18.5 m/s
vf = 46.1 m/s
t = 2.47 s

Find:
d = ??
a = ??
a = (Delta v)/t
a = (46.1 m/s - 18.5 m/s)/(2.47 s)
a = 11.2 m/s2
d = vi*t + 0.5*a*t2
d = (18.5 m/s)*(2.47 s)+ 0.5*(11.2m/s2)*(2.47s)2
d = 45.7 m + 34.1 m

d = 79.8 m

(Note: the d can also be calculated using the equation vf2 = vi2 + 2*a*d)

4. A race car accelerates uniformly from 18.5 m/s to 46.1 m/s in 2.47 seconds.
Determine the acceleration of the car and the distance traveled.
Given:
vi = 18.5 m/s
vf = 46.1 m/s
t = 2.47 s

Find:
d = ??
a = ??
a = (Delta v)/t
a = (46.1 m/s - 18.5 m/s)/(2.47 s)
a = 11.2 m/s2
d = vi*t + 0.5*a*t2
d = (18.5 m/s)*(2.47 s)+ 0.5*(11.2 m/s2)*(2.47 s)2
d = 45.7 m + 34.1 m

d = 79.8 m

(Note: the d can also be calculated using the equation vf2 = vi2 + 2*a*d)

5. A plane has a takeoff speed of 88.3 m/s and requires 1365 m to reach that speed.
Determine the acceleration of the plane and the time required to reach this speed.
Given:
vi = 0 m/s
vf = 88.3 m/s
d = 1365 m

Find:
a = ??
t = ??
vf2 = vi2 + 2*a*d
(88.3 m/s)2 = (0 m/s)2 + 2*(a)*(1365 m)
7797 m2/s2 = (0 m2/s2) + (2730 m)*a
7797 m2/s2 = (2730 m)*a
(7797 m2/s2)/(2730 m) = a
a = 2.86 m/s2
vf = vi + a*t
88.3 m/s = 0 m/s + (2.86 m/s2)*t
(88.3 m/s)/(2.86 m/s2) = t

t = 30. 8 s

6. With what speed in miles/hr (1 m/s = 2.23 mi/hr) must an object be thrown to reach a
height of 91.5 m (equivalent to one football field)? Assume negligible air resistance.

First, find speed in units of m/s:

vf2 = vi2 + 2*a*d
(0 m/s)2 = vi2 + 2*(-9.8 m/s2)*(91.5 m)
0 m2/s2 = vi2 - 1793 m2/s2
1793 m2/s2 = vi2
vi = 42.3 m/s

Now convert from m/s to mi/hr:

vi = 42.3 m/s * (2.23 mi/hr)/(1 m/s)
vi = 94.4 mi/hr
7.A stone is dropped into a deep well and is heard to hit the water 3.41 s after being
dropped. Determine the depth of the well.
Given:
a = -9.8 m/s2
t = 3.41 s
vi = 0 m/s

Find:
d = ??
d = vi*t + 0.5*a*t2
d = (0 m/s)*(3.41 s)+ 0.5*(-9.8 m/s2)*(3.41 s)2
d = 0 m+ 0.5*(-9.8 m/s2)*(11.63 s2)
d = -57.0 m

(NOTE: the - sign indicates direction)

8. It was once recorded that a Jaguar left skid marks that were 290 m in length.
Assuming that the Jaguar skidded to a stop with a constant acceleration of -3.90 m/s2,
determine the speed of the Jaguar before it began to skid.
Given:
a = -3.90 m/s2
vf = 0 m/s
d = 290 m

Find:
vi = ??
vf2 = vi2 + 2*a*d
(0 m/s)2 = vi2 + 2*(-3.90 m/s2)*(290 m)
0 m2/s2 = vi2 - 2262 m2/s2
2262 m2/s2 = vi2
vi = 47.6 m /s

9.A dragster accelerates to a speed of 112 m/s over a distance of 398 m. Determine
the acceleration (assume uniform) of the dragster.
Given:
vi = 0 m/s
vf = 112 m/s
d = 398 m

Find:
a = ??
vf2 = vi2 + 2*a*d
(112 m/s)2 = (0 m/s)2 + 2*(a)*(398 m)
12544 m2/s2 = 0 m2/s2 + (796 m)*a
12544 m2/s2 = (796 m)*a
(12544 m2/s2)/(796 m) = a
a = 15.8 m/s2

10.If Michael Jordan has a vertical leap of 1.29 m, then what is his takeoff speed and
his hang time (total time to move upwards to the peak and then return to the ground)?
Given:
a = -9.8 m/s2
vf = 0 m/s
d = 1.29 m

Find:
vi = ??
t = ??
vf2 = vi2 + 2*a*d
(0 m/s)2 = vi2 + 2*(-9.8 m/s2)*(1.29 m)
0 m2/s2 = vi2 - 25.28 m2/s2
25.28 m2/s2 = vi2
vi = 5.03 m/s

To find hang time, find the time to the peak and then double it.
vf = vi + a*t
0 m/s = 5.03 m/s + (-9.8 m/s2)*tup
-5.03 m/s = (-9.8 m/s2)*tup
(-5.03 m/s)/(-9.8 m/s2) = tup
tup = 0.513 s
hang time = 1.03 s
CAPATI, CHRISTOPHER

1. Resolve the force into x- and y-components:

F-80 cos 35+ 60+40 cos 45 22.75 NF, = 80sin 35 deg + 0 - 40sin 45 deg = 17.6N
(1)F sct = sqrt F x ^ 2 +F y ^ 2 = sqrt (22.75)^ 2 +(17.6)^ 2 =28.76Ntan theta =
F_{5}/F_{8} = 17.6/22.75 = 0.7736 -> theta = 37.7 deg The vector Fset makes an angle
of 37.7" with the x-axis.alpha= F ml m = 28.76N 3.8kg =7.568 m/s^ 2(iii) F of
magnitude 28.76 N must be applied in the opposite direction to F set

2.1.40 (a) (b) t=rxF

T=F sin0= (0.4m)(50) N) sin 190 deg = 20N -m
(ii) t = Ia
a = tau/l = 20/20 = 1 rad / (s ^ 2)
(iii) +ar-0+1x3-3rad/s
(iv aa^ 2 =aa + ^ 2 + 2a*theta , theta= 3^ 2 -0 2-2 =4.5 rad
(b) (b)=0.4 x 50 x sin(90+20) 18.794 Nm
(日 a = tau/I = 18.794/200.9397 rail/s

3. Solutions Using (2) and (3) in (1) and simplifying

R = (2mu ^ 2 * cos theta * sin(theta - alpha))/(g * cos^2 alpha)

The maximum range is obtained by setting constant. This gives cos:20-)=0 ord/dphi
(R) = 0holding , o and g

beta, alpha = theta/2 + pi/4

4. As the outer walls are equal in height () they are equally distant (c) from the
extremities of the parabolic trajectory whose general form may be written as(Fig. 1.20)
Fig. 1.2029
y = ax - b * x ^ 2
yDatx-R-nr, when R is the range

This gives a = bar The range R = c + r + 2r +c=ar. by problem

v_{c} = (n - 3) * r/2

The trajectory passes through the top of the three walls whose coordinates are(ch). ( c
+ r ,/ h). (c+3r. h), respectively. Using these coordinates in (1).
we get three equations

h = ac - b * c ^ 2
15b = a(c + r) - b * (c + r) ^ 2
7k = a(c + 3r) - b * (c + 3r) ^ 2
Combining (2), (3), (4), (5) and (6) and solving we get n = 4,

5. The equation to the parabolic path can be written as1 Kinematics and Statics
y = ax - b * x ^ 2with a = tan thetab = 8/(2mu ^ 2 * cos^2 theta)
Taking the point of projection as the origin, the coordinates of the two openings in the
windows are (5, 5) and (11, 7), respectively. Using these coordinates in (1) we get the
equations

5 = 5a - 25b
7 = 11a - 121b
with the solutions, a = 1.303 and 0.0606. Using these values in (2), wefind theta = 52.5
deg and x = 14.8m / s

6. The horizontal and initial vertical components of velocity of bullet are

u z =u cos a ; u_{gamma} = u * sin alpha
Let the bullet reach the point D, vertically below B in timer, the coordinatesof D being
(d. H). As the horizontal component of velocity is constantd = u_{A}*t = (u * cos
alpha*t) * t = (udt)/s
where x = ABz
i = s/u
The vertical component of velocity is reduced due to gravity.

7. In the same time, the y-coordinate at D is given by

y = H = u_{y}*t - 1/2 * g * t ^ 2 = a(sin a) * t - 1/2 * g * t ^ (pi/2)
H = a(h/s)(s/u) - 1/2 * pi * t ^ 2 = h - 1/2 * R * t ^ 2
rh - H = 1/2 * g * y ^ (1/2)

8. the quantity (H) represents the height through which the monkey drops from the tree
and the right-hand side of the last equation gives the time for a free fall. Therefore, the
bullet would hit the monkey independent of the bullet'sinitial velocity.

R = (a ^ 2 * sin 2a)/g, h = (a ^ 2 * sin^2 alpha)/gT = (2mu * sin alpha)/g

(a)h/R = 1/4 * tan alpha -> tan alpha = (4h)/R
(b)h/(T ^ 3) = 8/8 -> h = (8T ^ 2)/8

9. (i) T-Zu sino 2 x 800 sin 60-141.4s(iR = (a ^ 2 * sin 2a)/mu = ((800) ^ 7 * sin(2 *
60))/9.8 =5.6568 x 10 m 56.57 km
(iii) Time to reach maximum height-474x1414-707s
(iv) x=x = {H COSD)T
y = (a * sin a) * t - 1/2 * g * r ^ 2

Eliminating between (1) and (2) and simplifying

y = x * tan a - 1/2 * (x * x ^ 2)/(a ^ 2 * cos^2 a)

10. The radius of curvature

rho = ([1 + (d/dx (y)) ^ 2] ^ (3/2))/(d ^ 2 * y / d * x ^ 2)x=1=10x3-30m

y = 1/2 * g * r ^ 2 = 1/2 * 9.8 * 3 ^ 2 =44.1.m

9.8 x 3010-2.94
(d ^ 2 * y)/(d * x ^ 2) = g/(v_{0} ^ 2) = 9.8/(10 ^ 2) = 0.098
Using (2) and (3) in (1) we find rho = 305n .
CARLOS, JENNEL

1. the act or quality of acting or moving fast; rapidity. the rate at which something
moves, is done, or acts.
Ans: speed
2. A vibration that propagates as an audible wave of pressure, through a medium
such as a gas, liquid or solid.
Ans: sound
3. is the change in direction of a wavefront at an interface between two
different media so that the wavefront returns into the medium from which it
originated.
Ans: reflection
4. A. is an elementary particle that is a quantum of the electromagnetic
field, including electromagnetic radiation such as light and radio waves, and the
force carrier for the electromagnetic force.
Ans: photon
5. is a scientific concept that is most commonly associated with a state of disorder,
randomness, or uncertainty.
Ans: entropy
6. is a device made of a weight suspended from a pivot so that it can
swing freely. When a pendulum is displaced sideways from its resting,
equilibrium position, it is subject to a restoring force due to gravity that will
accelerate it back toward the equilibrium position.
Ans: pendulum
7. cycle is defined as an ideal reversible closed thermodynamic cycle. Four
successive operations are involved: isothermal expansion, adiabatic expansion,
isothermal compression, and adiabatic compression.
Ans: carnot cycle
8. also called impact, in physics, the sudden, forceful coming together in direct
contact of two bodies, such as, for example, two billiard balls, a golf club and a
ball, a hammer and a nail head, two railroad cars when being coupled together,
or a falling object and a floor.
Ans: collision
9. Branch of physics that deals with the characteristics of fluids at rest,
particularly with the pressure in a fluid or exerted by a fluid (gas or liquid) on an
immersed body.
Ans: hydrostatics
10. also known as angular frequency vector, is a pseudovector representation of
how the angular position or orientation of an object changes with time, i.e. how
quickly an object rotates around an axis of rotation and how fast the axis itself
changes direction.
Ans : angular velocity
CIDRO, JHON ARNOLD

1. Radium has a half like of 8000 years. How much of 40 grams radium would be
left after 16000 years

Solution:
Given data
mass of radium. m-40 grams
half life of radium T1/2 = 8000 years

Required data:
mass remaining after 1600 years=?

Formula:
No.of half lives in 1600 =.1600 =2
8000

mass remaining after 1st half life = 1/2 x 40 =20gm

answer: mass remaining after 2nd half life = 1/2 x20 =10 gm

2. In a nuclear reaction 5.0 x 10 ^10 5 of energy is released due to conversion of

mass into energy.How much mass has been converted to energy

Solution:
Given data:
energy. E=5.0 x10^10 J
speed of light c= 2x10^8 m/s
formula:
m=?
E=mc2
m=E =2
C

m= 5.0 x 10^10
( 2x10^8)2
m= 5.0 x10^10
5 x 10^16
m= 10^10 x 10^-16
answer: m= 10^-6 m kg

3. The nucleus of nitrogen contains 36 neutron. Find its charge number it its mass
number 43

Solution:
Given data
No. of neutron. N=36
A=43
Required data: Z=?
charge no.
formula: z= A-N
z=43-36
z= 7
4. Half life of radon is 2.82 days.How much of a 100 gm sample of radon would be
left after 6.64 days

Solution:
Given data
mass of radon = 100 gm
half life = 2.82 days
required data
mass remaining after 6.64 days=?
Formula:
No.of half life = 5.64. =2
2.82
mass remaining after 1st half life = 1/2 x 100
=500
mass remaining after 2nd half life 1/2 x 50gm
answer:25gm

5. What is the PE Stored by a car of weight 1000 N when lifted 50 m straight up?

Solution:
weight of the car w=1000 N
height h=50m
PE=?
Formula:
PE =mgh
w= mg
PE= wh
PE=1000x 50
answer: 50000J

6. A sitar string vibrates of 200 hz.What is the time period of this vibrations

Solution:
Frequency of sitar string f=200
Time Period. T=?

Formula: f=i. T=I

T F
T=1
200
answer: T= 0.005 sec

7. A turning fork vibrates 250 times each sec.and produces a ware 1.5m
long.Calculate the velocity of the wave.

solution:
Frequency F=250
wavelength. wl=1.5
v=?
formula: v=fwl
v=250x1.5
answer: v=375
8. The thunder of a cloud is heard 8s after seeing the flash.Find the distance of
the thunder cloud if velocity of sound is 345m/sec

Solution:
velocity of sound. v=345m/sec
time given t=8sec
distance. S=

formula: s=vxt
s=345x8
answer s=2760m

9. Find the time period of a simple pendulum u hose length is 108cm

Solution:
length of pendulum l=144cm
gravity t=144. =1.44m
100
s=9.8 m/s^2
t=?
Formula:
t=2m. l
g

t=2x3.142. 1.44
9.8

t= 2x3.142x0.3833

answer: 2.40s

10The potential difference between two points is 120s if an unknown charge is moved
between these points the amount of work si done is 600s.Find the amount of charge.
Solution:
potential difference. v=120v
w=600J
amount of charge. g=?
Formula:
potential difference = work done
charge

v=w. q=w. q=600

q. v. 120
answer=5
COMIA, CHRISTIAN
Name: Comia, Christian L. Physics 1 Year & Section: BT-ELT 3-4
Solved Problems Related to Energy Solved Problems Related to Energy

1. Kinetic Energy Calculation: A car with a mass of 1,200 kg is traveling at a speed of

30 m/s. Calculate its kinetic energy.
Given: Car mass = 1,200 kg, Velocity = 30 m/s
Asked: Calculate kinetic energy.
Formula: KE = 0.5 * mass * velocity^2
Solution: KE = 0.5 * 1200 kg * (30 m/s)^2 = 540,000 J
Answer: The kinetic energy is 540,000 joules (J).

2. Potential Energy of an Object: A 50 kg rock is lifted to a height of 10 meters.

Calculate its gravitational potential energy.
Given: Rock mass = 50 kg, Height = 10 m
Asked: Calculate gravitational potential energy.
Formula: PE = mass * g * height
Solution: PE = 50 kg * 9.8 m/s^2 * 10 m = 4,900 J
Answer: The gravitational potential energy is 4,900 J.

3. Conservation of Mechanical Energy: A pendulum swings from a height of 2 meters.

What is its speed at the bottom of the swing?
Given: Height = 2 m
Asked: Calculate speed at the bottom of the swing.
Formula: At the top, PE = KE, so m * g * h = 0.5 * m * v^2.
Solution: Solve for v to find v ≈ 4.43 m/s.
Answer: The speed at the bottom of the swing is approximately 4.43 m/s.

4. Work Done by a Force: If a force of 100 N is applied to move an object 5 meters,

calculate the work done.
Given: Force = 100 N, Distance = 5 m
Asked: Calculate the work done.
Formula: W = force * distance * cos(θ)
Solution: W = 100 N * 5 m * cos(0°) = 500 J
Answer: The work done is 500 joules (J).

5. Power Calculation: A machine does 2,000 J of work in 5 seconds. Calculate its

power.
Given: Work = 2,000 J, Time = 5 s
Asked: Calculate power.
Formula: P = Work / Time Solution: P = 2000 J / 5 s = 400 W
Answer: The power is 400 watts (W).

6. Conservation of Energy in Springs: A spring with a force constant of 500 N/m is

compressed by 0.2 meters. Calculate the potential energy stored in the spring.
Given: Force constant (k) = 500 N/m, Compression (x) = 0.2 m
Asked: Calculate potential energy stored in the spring.
Formula: PE = 0.5 * k * x^2 Solution: PE = 0.5 * 500 N/m * (0.2 m)^2 = 10 J
Answer: The potential energy stored in the spring is 10 J.

7. Thermal Energy Conversion: If 1,000 J of mechanical energy is used to lift a weight

and it is all converted to thermal energy, what is the increase in temperature of the
object (assuming its specific heat capacity is 500 J/kg°C)?
Given: Mechanical energy used (Q) = 1,000 J, Specific heat capacity (c) = 500
J/kg°C
Asked: Calculate the increase in temperature (ΔT).
 Formula: ΔT = Q / (m * c) Solution: ΔT = 1,000 J / (m * 500 J/kg°C)
Answer: The increase in temperature is ΔT = 1°C.
8. Energy Conservation in Collisions: Two cars collide head-on. If car A has an
initial kinetic energy of 10,000 J and car B has 8,000 J, what is the total kinetic energy
after the collision?
Given: Initial KE of A = 10,000 J, Initial KE of B = 8,000 J
Asked: Calculate the total kinetic energy after the collision.
Formula: Total KE = KE of A + KE of B
Solution: Total KE = 10,000 J + 8,000 J = 18,000 J
Answer: The total kinetic energy after the collision is 18,000 J.

9. Gravitational Potential Energy: An object of mass 5 kg is lifted 3 meters

above the ground. Calculate its gravitational potential energy relative to the
ground.
Given: Object mass = 5 kg, Height = 3 m
Asked: Calculate gravitational potential energy relative to the ground.
Formula: PE = m * g * h Solution: PE = 5 kg * 9.8 m/s^2 * 3 m = 147 J
Answer: The gravitational potential energy is 147 J.

10. Efficiency Calculation: A machine requires 800 J of input energy to perform

600 J of useful work. Calculate the efficiency of the machine.
Given: Input energy = 800 J, Useful work output = 600 J
Asked: Calculate the efficiency of the machine.
Formula: Efficiency = (Useful Work Output / Total Input Energy) * 100%
Solution: Efficiency = (600 J / 800 J) * 100% = 75%
Answer: The efficiency of the machine is 75%.
CUADERNO, DANIELLA JANE

1. Convert a volume of 9. 345 at to liters

= conversion

1qt = 0.946353 L

9.345 qt x 0.946353 L
1 qt
Answer = 8. 844L

2. Write in scientific notation 0.000467 and 32000000

Answer = 4.67x10-4 = 3.2x107

3. Express 5.43x10-3 as a number

Answer = 0.00543

4. David walks 3km north and then toms east and walk 4km. what is the distance and
displacement of the problem?

Distance
= 3km + 4km
= 7 km

Displacement
formula

Displacement = 5km, NE
5. Cassidee walks 1 mile north then turns west and walk 2 miles. What is the distance
and displacement?

Distance = 2mi + 1 mi = 3 mi

Displacement
Formula

Displacement = 2.24 mi, NW

6. A Car travel along a straight road 100m east then 50m west. Find the distance and
displacement of a car

50m, w 100m, e

Distance
100m + 50m = 150m

Displacement
100m, E – 50m, W = 50m, E

7. A person walks 4 meter east, then walk a meter north. Determine the distance and
displacement

Distance = 4m + 3m = 7m

Displacement
Formula
8. If 1 pound = 16 ounces, how many pound are in 435 ounces?

Solution:

435 0z = 435 0z x 1 lb
16 0z

= 435 lb
16

Answer = 27. 18 lb

9. Convert 7 miles to yards

Convert = 1 mi = 1760 yrd

Solution

1 mi x 1760 yrd
1 mi

Answer = 12320 yrd

10. Convert 234 0z to tons

Conversion 1 0z = 0.00003125 tons

Solution
234 0z / 1 0z
32,000 ton

= 234
32,000 ton

Answer = 0.007313 ton

DAGAMI, RIZALITO

If Michael Jordan has a vertical leap of 1.29 m, then what is his takeoff speed and his
hang time (total time to move upwards to the peak and then return to the ground)
Given: Find:
 vf = 0 m/s d = 1.29 m vi = ??
a = -9.8 m/s2
t = ??
vf2 = vi2 + 2*a*d

(0 m/s)2 = vi2 + 2*(-9.8 m/s2)*(1.29 m)

0 m2/s2 = vi2 - 25.28 m2/s2

25.28 m2/s2 = vi2

vi = 5.03 m/s

To find hang time, find the time to the peak and then double it.

vf = vi + a*t

0 m/s = 5.03 m/s + (-9.8 m/s2)*tup

-5.03 m/s = (-9.8 m/s2)*tup

(-5.03 m/s)/(-9.8 m/s2) = tup

tup = 0.513 s

1. A baseball is popped straight up into the air and has a hang-time of 6.25 s.
Determine the height to which the ball rises before it reaches its peak. (Hint: the
time to rise to the peak is one-half the total hang-time.)

Given: Find:

vf = 0 m/s t = 3.13 s d = ??
2
a = -9.8 m/s
1. (NOTE: the time required to move to the peak of the trajectory is one-half
the total hang time - 3.125 s.)

First use: vf = vi + a*t

0 m/s = vi + (-9.8 m/s2)*(3.13 s)

0 m/s = vi - 30.7 m/s

vi = 30.7 m/s (30.674 m/s)

Now use: vf2 = vi2 + 2*a*d

(0 m/s)2 = (30.7 m/s)2 + 2*(-9.8 m/s2)*(d)

0 m2/s2 = (940 m2/s2) + (-19.6 m/s2)*d

-940 m2/s2 = (-19.6 m/s2)*d

(-940 m2/s2)/(-19.6 m/s2) = d

 d = 48.0 m

2. The observation deck of tall skyscraper 370 m above the street. Determine the
time required for a penny to free fall from the deck to the street below.

Given: Find:

d = -370 m a = -9.8 m/s2 t = ??

vi = 0 m/s
d = vi*t + 0.5*a*t2

-370 m = (0 m/s)*(t)+ 0.5*(-9.8 m/s2)*(t)2

-370 m = 0+ (-4.9 m/s2)*(t)2

(-370 m)/(-4.9 m/s2) = t2

75.5 s2 = t2

t = 8.69 s

3. A bullet is moving at a speed of 367 m/s when it embeds into a lump of moist
clay. The bullet penetrates for a distance of 0.0621 m. Determine the
acceleration of the bullet while moving into the clay. (Assume a uniform
acceleration.)
Given: Find:

vf = 0 m/s d = 0.0621 m a = ??
vi = 367 m/s
vf2 = vi2 + 2*a*d

(0 m/s)2 = (367 m/s)2 + 2*(a)*(0.0621 m)

0 m2/s2 = (134689 m2/s2) + (0.1242 m)*a

-134689 m2/s2 = (0.1242 m)*a

(-134689 m2/s2)/(0.1242 m) = a

a = -1.08*106 m /s2

5. A stone is dropped into a deep well and is heard to hit the water 3.41 s after
being dropped. Determine the depth of the well.
Given: Find:

t = 3.41 s vi = 0 m/s d = ??
a = -9.8 m/s2
d = vi*t + 0.5*a*t2

d = (0 m/s)*(3.41 s)+ 0.5*(-9.8 m/s2)*(3.41 s)2

d = 0 m+ 0.5*(-9.8 m/s2)*(11.63 s2)

 d = -57.0 m

4. It was once recorded that a Jaguar left skid marks that were 290 m in length.
Assuming that the Jaguar skidded to a stop with a constant acceleration of -
3.90 m/s2, determine the speed of the Jaguar before it began to skid.
Given: Find:

vf = 0 m/s d = 290 m vi = ??
a = -3.90 m/s2
vf2 = vi2 + 2*a*d

(0 m/s)2 = vi2 + 2*(-3.90 m/s2)*(290 m)

0 m2/s2 = vi2 - 2262 m2/s2

2262 m2/s2 = vi2

vi = 47.6 m /s

6. plane has a takeoff speed of 88.3 m/s and requires 1365 m to reach that speed.
Determine the acceleration of the plane and the time required to reach this
speed.
Given: Find:

vf = 88.3 m/s d = 1365 m a = ??

vi = 0 m/s
t = ??
2 2
vf = v + 2*a*d
i

(88.3 m/s)2 = (0 m/s)2 + 2*(a)*(1365 m)

7797 m2/s2 = (0 m2/s2) + (2730 m)*a

7797 m2/s2 = (2730 m)*a

(7797 m2/s2)/(2730 m) = a

a = 2.86 m/s2

vf = vi + a*t

88.3 m/s = 0 m/s + (2.86 m/s2)*t

(88.3 m/s)/(2.86 m/s2) = t

t = 30. 8 s

5. A dragster accelerates to a speed of 112 m/s over a distance of 398 m.

Determine the acceleration (assume uniform) of the dragster.
 Given: Find:

vf = 112 m/s d = 398 m a = ??

vi = 0 m/s
vf2 = vi2 + 2*a*d

(112 m/s)2 = (0 m/s)2 + 2*(a)*(398 m)

12544 m2/s2 = 0 m2/s2 + (796 m)*a

12544 m2/s2 = (796 m)*a

(12544 m2/s2)/(796 m) = a

a = 15.8 m/s2

7. what speed in miles/hr (1 m/s = 2.23 mi/hr) must an object be thrown to reach a
height of 91.5 m (equivalent to one football field)? Assume negligible air
resistance.
Given: Find:

vf = 0 m/s d = 91.5 m vi = ??
2
a = -9.8 m/s
t = ??
First, find speed in units of m/s:

vf2 = vi2 + 2*a*d

(0 m/s)2 = vi2 + 2*(-9.8 m/s2)*(91.5 m)

0 m2/s2 = vi2 - 1793 m2/s2

1793 m2/s2 = vi2

vi = 42.3 m/s

Now convert from m/s to mi/hr:

vi = 42.3 m/s * (2.23 mi/hr)/(1 m/s)

vi = 94.4 mi/hr

6. A car traveling at 22.4 m/s skids to a stop in 2.55 s. Determine the skidding
distance of the car (assume uniform acceleration).
Given: Find:

vf = 0 m/s t = 2.55 s d = ??
vi = 22.4 m/s
d = (vi + vf)/2 *t

d = (22.4 m/s + 0 m/s)/2 *2.55 s

d = (11.2 m/s)*2.55 s
d = 28.6 m
DE UNGRIA, WENDELL

1. A football is kicked with an initial velocity of 20 m/s at an angle of 45 degrees to the

ground. Assuming no air resistance, how far will the football travel before hitting the
ground?

Solution: Using the equations of motion, we can find the time the football spends in the
air:
Vy = Vsinθ = 20sin45 = 14.14 m/s
t = Vy/g = 14.14/9.81 = 1.44 s
Then, we can find the horizontal distance traveled:
Vx = Vcosθ = 20cos45 = 14.14 m/s
Dx = Vxt = 14.14 x 1.44 = 20.38 m
Answer: The football will travel 20.38 meters before hitting the ground.

2. A car of mass 1000 kg is traveling at a constant speed of 20 m/s. What is the power
output in watts required to maintain this speed?

Solution: The power output is given by the formula: P = F x V

Assuming a coefficient of friction of 0.3, we have:
Ffr = 0.3 x m x g = 0.3 x 1000 x 9.81 = 2943 N
Therefore, the power output required to maintain the speed is:
P = F x V = 2943 x 20 = 58,860 watts
Answer: The power output required to maintain the speed is 58,860 watts.

3. A baseball player hits a home run, and the ball leaves the bat at an angle of 45
degrees and a speed of 40 m/s. How high does the ball travel above the point where it
was hit before falling back to the ground?

Solution: The maximum height the ball reaches can be calculated using the equation:
H = Vy^2/2g, where Vy is the vertical component of the initial velocity, and g is the
acceleration due to gravity.
Since the initial velocity makes an angle of 45 degrees with the horizontal, we have:
Vy = Vsinθ = 40sin45 = 28.28 m/s
Therefore, the maximum height the ball reaches is: H = (28.28)^2/2 x 9.81 = 41.2
meters
Answer: The ball travels 41.2 meters above the point where it was hit before falling
back to the ground.

4. A car with a mass of 1500 kg is moving at a constant speed of 25 m/s. What is the
kinetic energy of the car?

Solution: The formula for kinetic energy is KE = 0.5mv^2, where m is the mass of the
object and v is its velocity.

Substituting the given values, we get:

KE = 0.5 x 1500 kg x (25 m/s)^2
KE = 0.5 x 1500 kg x 625 m/s^2
KE = 468,750 J
Answer: the kinetic energy of the car is 468,750 Joules.

5. A car is traveling at a constant speed of 60 km/h for 2 hours. How far has it
traveled?

Solution: Distance traveled = Speed x Time

Distance traveled = 60 km/h x 2 hours
Distance traveled = 120 km
Answer: the car has traveled 120 km

6. A ball is thrown vertically upward with a velocity of 20 m/s. How high will it go before
it starts falling?

Solution: Using the formula v^2 = u^2 + 2as

where:v = final velocity (0 m/s at the highest point)
u = initial velocity (20 m/s)
a = acceleration (-9.8 m/s^2 due to gravity)
s = displacement (what we want to find)
0^2 = (20 m/s)^2 + 2(-9.8 m/s^2) s
0 = 400 m^2/s^2 - 19.6 s^2
s^2 = 400/19.6
s = 9.18 m
Answer: the ball will go 9.18 m high before it starts falling.
7. A cannonball is fired horizontally with a velocity of 100 m/s. If it hits the ground 2.5
seconds later, how far did it travel horizontally before striking the ground?
Solution: Using the formula Distance traveled horizontally = Velocity x Time
Distance traveled horizontally = 100 m/s x 2.5 seconds
Distance traveled horizontally = 250 m
Answer: the cannonball traveled 250 m horizontally before striking the ground.

8. A block of ice with a weight of 500 N is sliding down an inclined plane with an angle
of 30 degrees. What is the force acting on the ice parallel to the surface of the inclined
plane?

Solution: We can use the formula, F = m*g*sin(theta) where F is the force acting
parallel to the surface, m is the mass of the block, g is the acceleration due to gravity
and theta is the angle of the inclined plane.
mass = weight/gravity = 500 N/9.8 m/s^2 = 51 kg
Substituting the values to the formula, we get:
F = 51 kg * 9.8 m/s^2 * sin(30 degrees)
F = 249.8 N
Answer: the force acting on the ice parallel to the surface of the inclined plane is 249.8
Newtons.

9. A car moves with an average velocity of 60 km/hr for 2 hours and then with an
average velocity of 40 km/hr for another 3 hours. What is the total distance traveled by
the car?

Solution: To find the total distance, we need to find the distance traveled during each
time period and add them up.
Distance traveled in the first 2 hours:
Distance = Velocity x Time
Distance = 60 km/hr x 2 hr
Distance = 120 km
Distance traveled in the next 3 hours:
Distance = Velocity x Time
Distance = 40 km/hr x 3 hr
Distance = 120 km
Answer: Total distance traveled = 120 km + 120 km = 240 km
10. A roller coaster car with a mass of 2000 kg is at the top of the highest hill of a roller
coaster ride. Its potential energy is 500,000 J. What is the maximum speed the car can
reach when it goes down the hill?

Solution: Potential energy, Ep = 500,000 J

Mass, m = 2000 kg
Let's use the formula KE = (1/2)mv^2 to calculate the maximum kinetic energy:
KE = Ep
(1/2)mv^2 = Ep
v^2 = (2Ep)/m
v^2 = (2*500,000)/2000
v^2 = 500
v = √500
v = 22.36 m/s (rounded off to two decimal places)
Answer: the maximum speed the car can reach when it goes down the hill is 22.36
m/s, which means the car has converted all its potential energy to kinetic energy at this
point.
ESPIRITU SANTO, KARL ANGELO

1.A ball is thrown at a velocity of 12ms at an angle of 32o from the horizontal.
What are the ball&#39;s horizontal and vertical velocities?

Possible Answers:

Explanation:
The velocity of 12ms can be broken into horizontal and vertical components by using
trigonometry. Think of the figure below, where x and y velocity components of the total
velocity are

shown.
Use the total velocity, the x-component, and the y-component to form a right triangle
below.
Treating 12ms as the hypotenuse, x-component as the leg adjacent, and y-component
as the leg
opposite, you can conclude that the velocities are related through trigonometric
identities.

vy=vsinθ
vx=vcosθ
Plugging in the given values, we can solve for the x and y velocity components.
vy=(12ms)sin(32o)=6.36ms
vx=(12ms)cos(32o)=10.18ms

2. If a 15kg object is subjected to a force of 175N to the east and another force of
1020N to
the west, what is the object’s acceleration?
Possible Answers:
56m/s 2
5.6m/s 2
113m/s 2
1.4m/s 2

Explanation:
First, find the net force by subtracting the opposing forces.
F = 1020N – 175N = 845 N to the west
Next, find acceleration using Newton&#39;s second law, F=ma.
a=Fm
a=845N15kg=56ms2(west)

3. Three blocks (in left-to-right order: block A, block B, block C) are pushed along a
frictionless horizontal surface by a 50N force to the right, which acts on block A.

If the masses of the blocks are given by MA=m, MB=3m, and Mc=14m, which of the
following best describes the relationship between the accelerations of the
blocks?

Possible Answers:
aC&gt;aA&gt;aB
aC&gt;aB&gt;aA
aA=aB=aC
aB&gt;aA&gt;aC
aA&gt;aB&gt;Ac

Explanation:
The three blocks must remain in contact as they move, so they will each have the
same velocity and acceleration regardless of their different masses.

So, aA=aB=aC.

4. A 12kg block slides down a 24o incline. If the coefficient of friction between the block
and the incline is 0.2, determine the acceleration of the block as it slides down the
incline.

Possible Answers:
a=0.1ms2
a=3.9ms2
a=2.2ms2
a=5.8ms2
a=7.6ms2

The gravitational force is broken into the x and y components. The net force on the
block in the y-direction is the normal force minus the y component of the gravitational
acceleration (mgcosθ).
FN−mgcosθ=0

Notice that the net y-force is equal to zero to show that the block is not moving
anywhere in the y-direction. Now, we can isolate the normal force.
The net force in the x-direction is mgsinθ−Ffr=ma. We know that the block is
accelerating in the x-direction; therefore the net force is equal to ma.
We can use the friction equations to substitute for the x-direction forces.

Ffr=μkFN=μkmgcosθ
mgsinθ−μkmgcosθ=ma
We can isolate the acceleration and solve using the provided values.
a=gsinθ−μkgcosθ
a=(9.8ms2)sin(24o)−(0.2)(9.8ms2cos(24o)
a=2.2ms2
5. A car of mass 1000kg is initially at rest, and then accelerates
at 2.0ms2 for 14s. What is the kinetic energy of the car at time t=14s?
Possible Answers:
2,000J
39,200J
98,000J
392,000J
20,000J
Explanation:
The first step will be to find the final velocity of the car. We know the acceleration and
time, so we
can find the final velocity using kinematics. The initial velocity is zero, since the car
starts at rest.
vf=vi+at

v=(0ms)+(2ms2)(14s)=28ms
Use this velocity and the mass of the car to solve for the final kinetic energy.
KE=12mv2
KE=12(1000kg)(28ms)2
KE=392,000J
6. A man throws a 2kg ball straight up in the air at a velocity of 20ms. If there is a
constant air resistance force of 0.4N against the motion of the ball, what is the
maximum height of the ball?

Possible Answers:
19.2m
20.83m
36.2m
41.7m
50m

Explanation:
We first need to find the net force acting on the ball during flight. We can then use the
net force and Newton&#39;s second law to find the total acceleration on the ball.

Fnet=Fg+Fair
Fnet=mg+Fair
Fnet=(2kg)(−9.8ms2)+0.4N
Fnet=−19.2N
Use this net force to find the acceleration.
Fnet=ma
(−19.2N)=(2kg)a
a=−9.6ms2
From here, there are two ways to solve. One way uses kinematic equations, and the
other uses energy. We will solve using energy.

Total energy must be conserved during the throw, so the initial kinetic energy must
equal the final potential energy (since velocity is zero at the maximum height).
12mv2i+mghi=12mv2f+mghf
12mv2i+mg(0m)=12m(0ms)2+mghf
12mv2i=mghf
Use the given initial velocity to find the final height.
12(2kg)(20ms)2=(2kg)(9.6ms2)(h)
h=12(2kg)(20ms)2(2kg)(9.6ms2)
h=20.83m

7. What is the acceleration of the system shown above? (Assume the table is
frictionless and the mass of the rope connecting blocks is negligible).

Possible Answers:
2.2ms2
14.0ms2
10ms2
7.2ms2
1.8ms2

Explanation:
The force that translates to the entire system is that of gravity acting on the mass
hanging over the ledge.
F=mg=14kg(10m/s2)=140N
140N is the total force acting on the system, which has a mass equal to both blocks
combined (65kg + 14 kg = 79 kg). We can find the acceleration using Newton’s second
law.

A=Fm
A=140N79kg=1.8m/s2

8. A spring is compressed 5cm from equilibrium by a force of 100N. What is the spring
constant for this spring?

Possible Answers:
5Nm
2000Nm

500Nm
200Nm
20Nm

Explanation:
We use Hooke&#39;s law equation to relate the force, displacement, and spring
constant:
Fs=−kx
We are given the force and the displacement, allowing us to solve for the spring
constant.
100N=−k(−0.05m)
Note that the displacement is negative, since the spring is compressed. For springs,
compressions represents a negative displacement, while stretching represents a
positive displacement.
k=100N0.05m=2000Nm

9. A mass of weight 20N is suspended vertically from a spring and stretches it 10cm
from equilibrium. What is the energy stored in the spring?

Possible Answers:
4J
2J
1J
0.25J
0.5J

Explanation:
First, we need to solve for the spring constant by using the force on the spring. We can
use Hooke’s Law:

F=−kx
The magnitude of the force on the spring will be equal to the force of gravity on the
mass, which is given to be 20N. The distance the spring it stretched is in the downward
direction, so we must use a negative displacement. Use these values to calculate the
spring constant.

F=(20N)=−k(−0.10m)
K=200Nm

Next, use the spring energy equation with the displacement and spring constant to
solve for the energy stored in the spring.

E=12kx2
E=12(200Nm)(−0.10m)2
E=1J

10. A ball of mass 1kg on a string is rotating about the center axis with a velocity 3ms.
If the tension force in the string is 15N, what is the radius of the circular path of the
ball?

Possible Answers:
1.0m
0.4m
0.8m
0.6m
0.2m

Explanation:
We use the equation for centripetal force to find the radius:
Fc=mv2r
Since the string ties the ball to the axis, the force of tension will be equal to the
centripetal force.
FT=15N=mv2r
Use the given mass and velocity to solve for the radius.
15N=(1kg)(3ms)2r
R=9m2kgs215N=0.6m
FERRERAS, LANCE

1. What is distance?
Answer: Distance is the total movement of an object, irrespective of the direction.

2. What is displacement?
Answer: Displacement is the shortest distance between the initial and final position of
an object, with a specified direction.

3. Can distance ever be less than displacement?

Answer: No. Distance is always greater than or equal to displacement.

4. If a person walks around a circular track and ends up at the starting point,
what is the displacement?
Answer: The displacement is zero because the initial and final positions are the same.

5. What is the unit of distance and displacement in the metric system?

Answer: Both are measured in meters (m).

6. Can displacement be negative?

Answer: Yes. A negative displacement indicates the direction is opposite to the
chosen positive direction.

7. How are distance and displacement represented in vector form?

Answer: Distance is a scalar quantity and has only magnitude. Displacement, being a
vector, has both magnitude and direction.

8. If a person walks 10 meters east and then 10 meters west, what is the total
distance covered and the total displacement?
Answer: Distance = 20 meters; Displacement = 0 meters.

9. What does a zero displacement indicate?

Answer: It indicates that the initial and final positions are the same.

10. Is it possible for an object to be in motion if its displacement is zero?

Answer: Yes. An object moving in a closed loop or path returns to its starting position,
resulting in zero displacement.
FIEL, ANGELLO

PROBLEM SOLVING
FORCE VECTOR, DISTANCE AND DISPLACEMENT, UNIT OF MEASUREMENTS,

Force Vector
Problem 1:
A 1000 N force is applied at an angle of 30 degrees above the horizontal. Another 800
N force is applied at an angle of 45 degrees below the horizontal. Find the resultant
force.

Solution
To find the resultant force, you can break down each force into its horizontal and
vertical components. For the 1000 N force:
Horizontal component: 1000 N * cos(30 degrees)
Vertical component: 1000 N * sin(30 degrees)
For the 800 N force:
Horizontal component: 800 N * cos(45 degrees)
Vertical component: -800 N * sin(45 degrees) (negative because it’s below the
horizontal)
Now, add the horizontal and vertical components separately:
Horizontal component of resultant force = (1000 N * cos(30 degrees)) + (800 N *
cos(45 degrees))
Vertical component of resultant force = (1000 N * sin(30 degrees)) + (-800 N * sin(45
degrees))
Finally, you can find the magnitude and direction of the resultant force using.

Problem 2:
A box is placed on an inclined plane that makes a 20-degree angle with the horizontal.
If the weight of the box is 500 N, find the force of gravity acting on the box parallel to
the incline and perpendicular to the incline.

Solution
The weight of the box acts vertically downward and can be split into two components:
one parallel to the incline and one perpendicular to the incline.
Force parallel to the incline (Fp) = Weight
*sin(20 degrees)

Force perpendicular to the incline (Fn) = Weight* cos(20 degrees)

Substitute the weight (500 N) into these equations to find Fp and Fn.

Distance and Displacement

Problem 3: Walking in a Park
Distance: Imagine you start at point A, walk 100 meters to the east, then turn around
and walk 50 meters back to the west. The total distance you have traveled is 100
meters (out and back).

Displacement: In this case, your displacement is 50 meters to the east from your initial
position (point A) Because it measures the change in your position from the start to the
end, regardless of the path taken.

Problem 4: A Car’s Journey

Distance: A car travels along a winding road. It covers 200 kilometers, making various
turns and zigzags along the way. The total distance the car travels is 200 kilometers,
summing up the entire path.
Displacement: The displacement of the car, in this case, would be the straight- line
distance from its initial position to its final position, which might be less than 200
kilometers depending on the road’s configuration.

Unit of measurement
Problem 5: Projectile Motion
Problem: A ball is kicked with an initial velocity of 20 meters per second (m/s) at an
angle of 30 degrees above the horizontal. Calculate the maximum height it reaches.
Solution:
1. Calculate the vertical component of the initial velocity: V_vertical = V_initial *
sin(0) = 20 m/s sin(30°)≈ 10 m/s *
2. Use the kinematic equation for maximum height: H_max = (V_vertical^2)/(2* g)
where g is the acceleration due to gravity (approximately 9.81 m/s^2)
3. 3. Plug in the values: H_max=(10 m/s)^2/(2* 9.81 m/s^2) 5.1 meters
Problem 6 : Simple Pendulum
Problem: A pendulum has a length of 1.5 meters. Calculate its period, which is the time
it takes to complete one full swing.
Solution:
1. Use the formula for the period of a simple pendulum:
T = 2π* √(L/g)
Where L is the length of the pendulum and g is the acceleration due to gravity.
2. Plug in the values:
T= 2* √(1.5 m/9.81 m/s^2)
3.
Calculate the period:

T≈ 2* (0.153 s^2/m)≈ 2* 3.14 * 0.39 s ≈ 2.45 seconds

Scientific notation
Problem 7: Scientific Notation Conversion
Problem: Convert the following numbers to scientific notation.
a) 5,600,000 meters
b) 0.000024 seconds
Solution:
a) To convert 5,600,000 meters to scientific notation, we move the decimal point to
have one non-zero digit to its left, which is 5.6. Then, we count the number of
decimal places moved to get to the original number.
5,600,000 = 5.6 x 10^6 (moved 6 places to the right)
b) To convert 0.000024 seconds to scientific notation, we move the decimal point
to have one non-zero digit to its left, which is 2.4. Then, we count the number of
decimal places moved to get to the original number. 0.000024 = 2.4 x 10^(-5)
(moved 5 places to the left, so the exponent is negative)
Problem 8: Scientific Notation
Multiplication
Problem: Calculate the result of multiplying 2.5 x 10^3 meters by 3.0 x 10^4
seconds.

Solution:
To multiply numbers in scientific notation, you can multiply their significant figures and
add their exponents.
(2.5 x 10^3)* (3.0 x 10^4) = (2.5 * 3.0) * 10^(3+4)=7.5 * 10^7
So, the result is 7.5 x 10^7 meters- seconds, which can also be written as 75,000,000
meters-seconds.

Distance and Displacement

Problem 9: Round Trip
Problem: A cyclist rides 10 kilometers north, then turns around and rides 10 kilometers
south. Calculate the total distance covered and the displacement.

Solution:
The total distance covered is simply the sum of the distances traveled in each
direction: 10 km + 10 km = 20 kilometers. However, the displacement is zero since the
cyclist ends up back at the starting point.

Problem 10: Displacement with a Turn Problem: A person walks 5 meters north, then
turns and walks 5 meters east. Calculate the displacement.

Solution:
To calculate the displacement, we can use the Pythagorean theorem. The person’s
displacement is the hypotenuse of a right triangle with legs of 5 meters each:
Displacement = √((5 m)^2 + (5 m)^2) = √(25 m^2 + 25 m^2) = √(50 m^2) ≈ 7.07 meters
at an angle of 45 degrees northeast.
FRANCISCO, JACK TRACY

1. What is displacement in physics?

Answer: Displacement is a vector quantity that represents the change in an object's
position from its initial point to its final point in space.

2. How is displacement different from distance?

Answer: Distance is a scalar quantity that measures the total path length traveled,
while displacement considers only the change in position and includes direction

3. What is the SI unit of displacement?

Answer: The SI unit of displacement is the meter (m).

4. How can you calculate displacement when you have initial and final positions?
Answer: Displacement (Δx) can be calculated as the final position (xf) minus the initial
position (xi), i.e., Δx = xf - xi.

5. Is displacement always positive?

Answer: No, displacement can be positive, negative, or zero, depending on the
direction of motion and the reference point chosen.

6. What does it mean if an object has a displacement of zero?

Answer: An object with a displacement of zero means it has returned to its initial
position after undergoing motion.

7. Can an object have a non-zero displacement while traveling a total distance of zero?
Answer: Yes, an object can have a non-zero displacement if it changes its position
and then returns to its initial position. In this case, the total distance is zero.

8. What is the difference between average displacement and instantaneous

displacement?
Answer: Average displacement is the total displacement over a time interval, while
instantaneous displacement is the displacement at a specific moment in time

9. How is displacement related to velocity?

Answer: Displacement is directly related to velocity, as velocity is the rate of change of
displacement with respect to time. Mathematically, velocity (v) = Δx / Δt.

10. Can an object have a constant velocity but a changing displacement?

Answer: No, if an object has a constant velocity, its displacement will change at a
constant rate, either in a positive, negative, or zero direction.
FRANCISCO, ROWELL

Kinematics Vectors, coordinates, displacement, distance, velocity, speed,

acceleration, projectile motion, etc.
1. Professor’s way to work

A professor going to work first walks 500 m along the campus wall, then enters the
campus and goes 100 m perpendicularly to the wall towards his building, after that
takes an elevator and mounts 10 m up to his office. The trip takes 10 minutes.

Calculate the displacement, the distance between the initial and final points, the
average velocity and the average speed.

500 m 1
0 0
d ,d 3 y
100 m
10 m
2
x

Solution: The total trajectory can be represented by three vectors going from 0 to 1,
then from 1 to 2, then from 2 to 3. The displacement is the vector sum of the three
displacement vectors:

𝐝 = 𝒓01 + 𝒓12 + 𝒓23.

It is convenient to choose the coordinate axes xyz that coincide with these three mutually orthogonal
vectors, as shown in the figure. Then, using, for any vector

𝐫 = (𝑟𝑥, 𝑟𝑦, 𝑟𝑧),

One
writes
𝒓01 = (0,500,0) m, 𝒓12 = (100,0,0) m, 𝒓23 = (0,0,10) m.

The addition of these vectors is performed as follows:

𝐝 = (0 + 100 + 0, 500 + 0 + 0, 0 + 0 + 10) = (100,500,10) m.

The distance 𝑑 between the initial and final points is the magnitude of the
displacement 𝐝:

𝑑 = |𝐝| = √𝑑2 + 𝑑2 + 𝑑2 = √1002 + 5002 + 102

𝑥 𝑦 𝑧

= √10000 + 250000 + 100 = √260100 = 510 m.

The trajectory length (the way length) is given by

𝑤 = 𝑟01 + 𝑟12 + 𝑟23 = 500 + 100 + 10 = 610 m

and it is longer than the distance. Now, the average velocity is

∆𝐫 𝐝 (100,500,10)
𝐯= = = = (0.167, 0.833, 0.017) m/s.
∆𝑡 10 × 60
∆
𝑡

The magnitude of the average velocity is

𝑑 510
𝑣 = |𝐯| = = = 0.85 m/s.
10 × 60
∆
𝑡

The average speed is

𝑤 610
𝑠= = = 1.02 m/s.
10 × 60
∆
𝑡

One can see that 𝑠 ≥ 𝑣, as it should be.

2. A 2D walker

A walker goes 1000 m the direction 30 degrees North of East, then 2000 m in the
South- West direction. The trip takes 30 minutes.

Find the displacement, way length, average velocity and average speed.

North y

r01 1

0 30° 45°
O East
West x

d ,d r12

South
2

Solution: The displacement is given by

 𝐝 = 𝒓01 + 𝒓12,

where

√3 1
𝒓01 = (𝑟01,𝑥, 𝑟01,𝑦) = (𝑟01 cos 30°, 𝑟01 sin 30°) = , 1000 ) = (500√3, 500) m
(1000 2 2

and
 𝒓12 = (𝑟12,𝑥, 𝑟12,𝑦) = (−𝑟12 cos 45°, −𝑟12 sin 45°) = (−2000
√2 √2
, − 2000 )
2 2
= (−1000√2, − 1000√2, ) m.

Better is to write

𝒓12 = (𝑟12,𝑥, 𝑟12,𝑦) = (𝑟12 cos 125°, 𝑟12 sin 125°) = (2000 (− √2 ) , 2000 (− √2 ))
2 2

= (−1000√2, − 1000√2, ) m

that gives the same result. Now,

𝐝 = (𝑟01,𝑥 + 𝑟12,𝑥, 𝑟01,𝑦 + 𝑟12,𝑦) = (500√3 − 1000√2, 500 − 1000√2)

≈ (−548.2, −914.2) m

The distance is given by

𝑑 = |𝐝| = √𝑑2 + 𝑑2 = √(−548.2)2 + (−914.2)2 ≈ 1066 m

𝑥 𝑦

The length of the trajectory is

𝑤 = 𝑟01 + 𝑟12 = 1000 + 2000 = 3000 m.

The velocity:

∆𝐫 𝐝 (−548.2, −914.2) −548.2 −914.2

𝐯= = = =( , ) = (… , … ) m/s.
∆𝑡 ∆ 30 × 60 30 × 60 30 × 60
𝑡

The magnitude of the average velocity:

𝑑 1066
𝑣 = |𝐯| = = = 0.59 m/s.
30 × 60
∆
𝑡

The average speed:

𝑤 3000
𝑠= = = 1.67 m/s > 𝑣.
30 × 60
∆
𝑡
3. Motion with constant acceleration

A car started moving from rest with a constant acceleration. At some moment of time,
it covered the distance 𝑥 and reached the speed 𝑣. Find the acceleration and the time.

Solution. The formulas for the motion with constant acceleration read
 1
𝑣 = 𝑎𝑡, 𝑥= 𝑎𝑡2,
2

where we have taken into account that the motion starts from rest (all initial values
are zero). If 𝑣 and 𝑥 are given, this is a system of two equations with the unknowns
𝑎 and 𝑡. This system of equations can be solved in different ways.
First method. For instance, one can express the time from the first equation, 𝑡 = 𝑣/𝑎,
and substitute it to the second equation,

1𝑣 2
𝑥= 2= 𝑣 .
𝑎( ) 2𝑎
2 𝑎
From this single equation for 𝑎 one
finds

2
𝑎=𝑣 .
2𝑥
Now, one finds the time
as

𝑣 𝑣 2𝑥
𝑡= = = .
𝑎 𝑣 /(2𝑥)
2
𝑣

Second method. Also, one can relate 𝑥 to 𝑣 as follows

1 1
𝑥= 𝑎𝑡 × 𝑡 = 𝑣𝑡.
2 2
After that one
finds

2𝑥
𝑡= ,
𝑣
and,
further,
� 2
�=
𝑣 = 𝑣 .
𝑎=
𝑡 2𝑥/𝑣 2𝑥
4. A car trip (1D motion)

A car starts from the place with an acceleration 2 m/𝑠2 and is accelerating during
10 seconds, then travels with the same speed for 30 seconds, then decelerates
at the rate 3 m/𝑠2 until stopping. Show the graph 𝑣(𝑡). Calculate the total time of
the trip and the distance covered in each interval and the total distance covered
by two methods: 1) Calculation of the area under the line 𝑣(𝑡); 2) Using the
formula for the distance in the motion with constant acceleration.

v v1

1 2 3
0 t1 t2 t3 t

Solution: First, we introduce missing notations: 𝑎1 = 2 𝑚/𝑠2, 𝑡1 = 10 𝑠, ∆𝑡2 ≡ 𝑡2 − 𝑡1

= 30 𝑠, 𝑎3 = −3 𝑚/𝑠2. The time dependence of the car’s velocity is shown in the
figure. In the interval 1 the car accelerates according to the formula
Interval 1: 𝑣 = 𝑣0 + 𝑎1𝑡 = 𝑎1𝑡,
where we take into account that the initial velocity is zero: 𝑣0 = 0. At the end of the
first time interval, 𝑡 = 𝑡1, the velocity reaches the value

𝑣1 = 𝑎1𝑡1.

This expression is an instance of the formula above.

The velocity remains the same in the second interval of motion:

Interval 2: 𝑣 = 𝑣1.

The time at the end of the second interval is

𝑡2 = 𝑡1 + ∆𝑡2 = 10 + 30 = 40 𝑠.

In the third interval, the car decelerates according to

Interval 3: 𝑣 = 𝑣1 + 𝑎3(𝑡 − 𝑡2)

(this is the velocity formula with shifted time as the motion starts at 𝑡 = 𝑡2 rather than
at
𝑡 = 0). At the end of the motion the car stops that is described by the instance of the
formula above with 𝑣 = 0, that is,

0 = 𝑣1 + 𝑎3(𝑡3 − 𝑡2)

that defines 𝑡3. One obtains

𝑣1 𝑎1𝑡1 𝑎1
∆𝑡3 ≡ 𝑡3 − 𝑡2 = − =− =− 𝑡1
𝑎 3 𝑎3 𝑎3

and,
further,
𝑎1
𝑡 1.
𝑡3 = 𝑡2 + ∆𝑡3 = 𝑡1 + ∆𝑡2 + ∆𝑡3 = 𝑡1 + ∆𝑡2 −
𝑎 3

This is the analytical or symbolic or algebraic answer or formula for the total time.
(This result will not be used, however). In this formula, the result is expressed
through the quantities given in the formulation of the problem (this has to be
checked each time before submitting the solution for grading!). Now, substituting
given numbers, one obtains

2 20
𝑡3 = 10 + 30 − 10 = 10 + 30 + = 46.7 𝑠.
−3 3

The preparatory work done, let us now find the total distance covered. Using the first
method, we find it as the area under the curve 𝑣(𝑡) that consists of two triangles and
one rectangle, see the figure. The parameters of them have been calculated above.
So we write

1 1
∆𝑥 = ∆𝑥1 + ∆𝑥2 + ∆𝑥3 = 𝑡1𝑣1 + ∆𝑡2𝑣1 + ∆𝑡3𝑣1.
2 2
Here we must substitute the expressions for the quantities that are not given in the
problem formulation: 𝑣1 and ∆𝑡3. We prefer not to factor 𝑣1 to keep the contributions
of each interval separately. The result reads
 2 1 1 𝑎1
∆𝑥 = 𝑎1𝑡1 + ∆𝑡2𝑎1𝑡1 + (− 𝑡1) 𝑎1𝑡1
2 2 𝑎3
or, finally,

1 𝑡2 + ∆𝑡 1 𝑎12
∆𝑥 = 𝑎 𝑎 − 𝑡 2.
𝑡
2 1 2𝑎 1
2 1 1 1 3

This is our symbolic answer for the distances covered in the motion.

Substituting the numerical values from the problem’s formulation, one obtains

1 1 22
∆𝑥 = 2 × 102 + 30 × 2 × 10 − 102 = 100 + 600 + 66.7 = 766.7𝑚.
2 2 (−3)

Now, let us find the total distance covered using the formula for the displacement in
the motion with a constant acceleration

1 2
∆𝑥 ≡ 𝑥 − 𝑥0 = 𝑣0∆𝑡 + 𝑎(∆𝑡)
2
in the form appropriate to each of the motion intervals. One has

1 1
∆𝑥 = ∆𝑥 + ∆𝑥 + ∆𝑥 =𝑎 𝑡 + 𝑣 ∆𝑡 + [𝑣 ∆𝑡 + 𝑎 (∆𝑡 )2]
2

1 2 3 2 1 1 1 2 1 3 2 3 3
1 2 1
= 𝑎1𝑡1 + 𝑣1∆𝑡2 + [𝑣1 + 𝑎3∆𝑡3] ∆𝑡3.
2 2
Substituting here the expressions for 𝑣1 and ∆𝑡3, one obtains

∆𝑥 = 1 2
1 𝑎1 𝑎1
𝑎1𝑡1 + ∆𝑡2𝑎1𝑡1 + [𝑎1𝑡1 + 𝑎3 (− 𝑡1)] (− 𝑡1)
2 2 𝑎3 𝑎 3

1 2 𝑎1
1
= 𝑎1𝑡1 + ∆𝑡2𝑎1𝑡1 + [𝑎1𝑡1 − 𝑎1𝑡1] (− 𝑡1)
2 2 𝑎3
1 2
= 1 𝑎1
𝑎1𝑡1 + ∆𝑡2𝑎1𝑡1 + 𝑎1𝑡1 (− 𝑡1)
2 2 𝑎3
1
𝑡2 + ∆𝑡 𝑎 − 1 𝑎1 𝑡 2
2
=𝑎
𝑡
1 1 2 1 2𝑎 1
2 1 3

that coincides with the result obtained by the first method (the red formula).

5. Rocket motion (1D)

A rocket starts vertically up and moves with the acceleration 20 𝑚/𝑠2 during 20
seconds. Then it continues its motion ballistically. Find the maximal height reached
and the corresponding time. Find the time of hitting the ground and the
corresponding speed.

Solution. First, we introduce the notations: the duration of the first stage (powered
motion)
𝑡1 = 20 𝑠, the acceleration in the first stage 𝑎 = 20 𝑚/𝑠2. The initial velocity is zero.
We choose the origin of time 𝑡 = 0 and put the origin of 𝑧-axis (directed up) at zero, so
that the initial conditions are 𝑧0 = 0 and 𝑣0 = 0. The formulas for the motion with a
constant acceleration at the first stage are

1
𝑣 = 𝑎𝑡, 𝑧= 𝑎𝑡2.
2

At the end of the first stage, 𝑡 = 𝑡1, the velocity and the height read
1 2
𝑣1 = 𝑎𝑡1, 𝑧1 = 𝑎𝑡1 .
2

These are the initial conditions for the motion on the second stage. The formulas for
the motion with the constant acceleration −𝑔 on the second (ballistic) stage are

𝑣 = 𝑣 − 𝑔 (𝑡 − 𝑡 ) 𝑧 = 𝑧 + 𝑣 (𝑡 − 𝑡 ) 1 ( )2.
1 1 1 1 − 𝑔 𝑡 − 𝑡1
2
1

Note that the second stage begins at 𝑡 = 𝑡1, thus we use the formulas with shifted
time. The highest point can be found from the condition 𝑣 = 0 that yields the equation
for the time at which the maximal height is reached:

0 = 𝑣1 − 𝑔(𝑡𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝑡1).

The solution
is
𝑣1 𝑎𝑡1 𝑎
𝑡𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝑡1 = = = 𝑡1
𝑔 𝑔 𝑔
and,
finally,
𝑎 + 1) 𝑡1.
𝑎
𝑡𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑡1 + 𝑡1 = ( 𝑔
𝑔
Substituting the numbers, one obtains

20
𝑡𝑚𝑎𝑥 = ( + 1) 20 = 60.8 𝑠.
9.8

Now one can calculate the maximal height:

1
𝑧𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑧1 + 𝑣1 (𝑡𝑚𝑎 − 𝑡1) − 2 𝑔(𝑡𝑚𝑎 − 𝑡1)2.
𝑥 𝑥

Substituting here the quantities found above and simplifying, one obtains

1 2 𝑎 1 𝑎 2
𝑧𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑎𝑡1 + 𝑎𝑡1 𝑡1 − 𝑔 𝑔 𝑡1)
( 2 𝑔 2
 1
= 𝑎𝑡2 + 𝑎 2 1
2 1 2 𝑡 − 𝑎2 𝑡2

𝑔 1 2 𝑔 1
1 1 𝑎
= 𝑎𝑡2 + 1 (1 + ) 𝑎𝑡1.
2
𝑡2 =
2 1 𝑎
2
2 𝑔

2 𝑔 1

Substituting the numbers, one obtains

 1 20 2
𝑧 ) 20 × = 12163 𝑚 = 12.2 𝑘𝑚.
𝑚𝑎𝑥 = (1 + 20
2 9.8

At the third stage, the rocket falls with the acceleration −𝑔 from the height 𝑧𝑚𝑎𝑥. The
formulas for its velocity and height at this stage are

𝑣 = −𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑡 ), 𝑧=𝑧 1 ( )2
𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 2 𝑡 − 𝑡𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑔

(also formulas with shifted time). The final time (of hitting the ground) 𝑡𝑓 is determined
by
𝑧 = 0. This gives the equation (an instance of the general formula)

1 2

0 = 𝑧𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝑔(𝑡𝑓 − 𝑡𝑚𝑎𝑥) .

2
From here one finds

2𝑧𝑚𝑎𝑥 21 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎

=√ 2 )
𝑡𝑓 − 𝑡𝑚𝑎𝑥 = √ (1 + ) 𝑎𝑡1 = √(1 + 𝑔 𝑡1.
𝑔 𝑔 𝑔
2 𝑔

This will be needed to find the final velocity. For 𝑡𝑓 itself one obtains

𝑡𝑓 = 𝑡𝑚𝑎𝑥 + √(1 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
+ 𝑎 𝑡1 = ( + 1) 𝑡1 + √(1 + 𝑎 𝑡1.
) )
𝑔 𝑔 𝑔 𝑔 𝑔

Substituting the numbers, one obtains

20 20 20
𝑡 =( + 1) 20 + √(1 + ) 20 = 60.8 + 49.8 = 110.6 𝑠.
𝑓
9.8 9.8

9.8

(Is it obvious that it takes a longer time for the rocket to reach the highest point than to
fall back to the initial level? To understand this, sketch the function 𝑧(𝑡).)

Now, the final velocity can be found from the velocity formula:

𝑣𝑓 = −𝑔(𝑡𝑓 − 𝑡𝑚𝑎𝑥) = −𝑔√(1 𝑎 𝑎

+ 𝑎 𝑡1 = −√(1 + ) 𝑎𝑔𝑡 = −√(𝑎 + 𝑔)𝑎𝑡 .
) 𝑔
1 1
𝑔
𝑔

Substituting the numbers, one obtains

𝑣𝑓 = −√(20 + 9.8)20 × 20 = 488 𝑚/𝑠.
 6. Tennis serve (Giancoli Chapter 3)

Solution. First, we define the coordinate axes and introduce missing notations. The
origin of the coordinate system is at the server’s position, 𝑧-axis up and 𝑥-axis to the
right. The initial height (serve height) 𝑧0 = 2.5 𝑚, the height of the net 𝑧1 = 0.9 𝑚, the
height of the ground (the reference height) 0 𝑚, distance server-net 𝑥1 = 15 𝑚. Find
𝑣0𝑥.

First, use the 𝑥- and 𝑧-formulas to find 𝑣0𝑥:

1 2
𝑥 = 𝑣0𝑥 𝑡 𝑧 = 𝑧0 − 𝑔𝑡 .
, 2
The instance of these general formulas corresponding to the ball passing just above
the net
reads
𝑥 =𝑣
𝑡 , 1 2
1 0𝑥 1 𝑧1 = 𝑧0 − 𝑔𝑡1 .
This is a system of two equations with two unknowns:2 𝑣0𝑥 and 𝑡1. The second equation
is
autonomous (contains only one unknown), so it can be solve to give

2(𝑧0 − 𝑧1)
𝑡1 = √ .
𝑔
Then, from the first equation one finds

𝑥1 𝑔
= 𝑥1√ .
𝑣0𝑥 = 2 (𝑧0 − 𝑧1)
𝑡1

Substituting the numbers into this formula, one obtains

9.8 𝑚
𝑣0𝑥 = 15√ = 26.3 .
2(2.5 − 0.9) 𝑠
Now we can find the distance from the server at which the ball lands. We use the
instances of the general formulas above corresponding to the ball hitting the ground:
 𝑥 =𝑣 𝑡 , 1 2

2 0𝑥 2 0 = z = 𝑧0 − 𝑔𝑡2 .
One finds 𝑡2 from the second 2
equation:
2𝑧0
𝑡2 = √ .
𝑔

From this formula, one can find the numerical value of 𝑡2 that is the total time of
the motion. Substituting the formula for 𝑡2 into the first equation, one obtains

𝑔 √ 2𝑧0 = 𝑥1√ 𝑧0 .
𝑥2
𝑥1√= 𝑣0𝑥𝑡2 = −𝑧 ) 𝑔 𝑧 −𝑧
2(𝑧
0 1 0 1

Substituting the numbers, one obtains

𝑥2 2.5
= 15√ 2.5 − = 18.75 𝑚.
0.9

Now 𝑥2 − 𝑥1 = 18.75 − 15 = 3.75 𝑚 that is well below 7 𝑚. Thus, the ball is “good”.

7. Dropping a package from a copter into a moving car (Giancoli Chapter 3)

Solution: First, we must introduce missing notations: the height of the copter ℎ = 78
𝑘𝑚 1000
𝑚, the speed of the copter 𝑣 = 215 = 215 × = 59.9𝑚/𝑠, the speed of the
car 𝑢 =
𝑘𝑚 155 ℎ 3600
155 = = 43.1𝑚/𝑠. Find the angle 𝜃.
ℎ 3.6
There are two solutions to this problem, in the laboratory frame and in the moving
frame of the car.
Solution in the laboratory frame. Put the origin of the coordinate system on the
ground below the copter. The initial 𝑥-coordinate of the car(when the package is
dropped) is 𝑥𝑐,0. If it is found, then the angle 𝜃 can be expressed as

tan 𝜃 =
ℎ
.
𝑥𝑐,
0

The formulas for the motion of the package and the car have the form

1 2
𝑧𝑝 = ℎ − 𝑔𝑡 , 𝑥𝑝 = 𝑣𝑡, 𝑥𝑐 = 𝑥𝑐,0 + 𝑢𝑡.
2
When the package lands into the car, the following conditions are fulfilled:

𝑧𝑝 = 0, 𝑥𝑝 = 𝑥𝑐.

Substituting these into the general equations, one obtains their instance

1
0=ℎ− 𝑔𝑡2
2 , 𝑣𝑡 = 𝑥𝑐,0 + 𝑢𝑡.

This is a system of two equations with two unknowns. The first equation is
autonomous and yields the fall time

2ℎ
𝑡 = 𝑡𝑓 = √ .
𝑔
Substituting this into the second equation, one obtains

2ℎ
𝑥𝑐,0 = (𝑣 − 𝑢)𝑡𝑓 = (𝑣 − 𝑢)√ .
𝑔
Now for the angle one obtains

ℎ 𝑔 1 𝑔ℎ
𝜃 = arctan ( √ ) = arctan ( √ ).
𝑣 − 𝑢 2ℎ 𝑣−𝑢 2

Substituting the numbers, one obtains

1 9.8 ×
𝜃 = arctan ( 78 ) = arctan(1.16) = 49°.
√
(59.9 − 43.1) 2

Solution in the moving frame (frame of the car). The absolute velocity of the copter
can be represented as
 𝑣 = 𝑣′ + 𝑢,

where 𝑣′ is the relative velocity of the copter with respect to the car, 𝑣′ = 𝑣 − 𝑢. The
origin of the coordinate axes in the moving frame, 𝑂′, is moving to the right with the
velocity of
the car 𝑢. At 𝑡 = 0 the origins of the laboratory and moving frames coincide, 𝑂′ = 𝑂.
Thus the relation between the 𝑥-coordinate (absolute frame) and 𝑥′-coordinate
(moving frame) is

𝑥 = 𝑥′ + 𝑢𝑡

or,
conversely,
𝑥′ = 𝑥 − 𝑢𝑡

The formulas for the motion of the package in this frame have the form
1 2 ′ ′
𝑧𝑝 = ℎ − 𝑔𝑡 , 𝑥 𝑝 = 𝑣 𝑡.
2
As for the car, it is at rest in its own frame:

𝑥′𝑐(𝑡) = 𝑥𝑐,0.

As in the first solution, one finds the fall time,

2ℎ
𝑡𝑓 = √ ,
𝑔
and substitutes it into the
condition:
𝑥′𝑝(𝑡𝑓) = 𝑥′𝑐(𝑡𝑓)

or

𝑝(𝑡𝑓) = 𝑣 𝑡𝑓
′
𝑥′ 2ℎ ) = 𝑥𝑐,0.
(
= 𝑣−𝑢 )√ = 𝑥 (𝑡
′

𝑔 𝑐
𝑓

The result for 𝑥𝑐,0 coincides with that obtained by the first method:

2ℎ
𝑥𝑐,0 = (𝑣 − 𝑢)√ .
𝑔
The
n
ℎ ℎ 𝑔 1
tan 𝜃 = = √ =
𝑥𝑐, 𝑣−𝑢 𝑣 − 𝑢 𝑔ℎ
√ 2,
0
2ℎ

Wherefrom one finds 𝜃.

8. Targeting angle (projectile motion)

A cannon launches missiles with the initial speed 𝑣0. Find the targeting angles 𝜃 to hit
the target at the distance 𝑑 at the same height as the cannon.

Solution. The formulas for the projectile motion have the form

1 2
𝑧 = 𝑣0𝑧𝑡 − 𝑔𝑡 , 𝑥 = 𝑣0𝑥𝑡.
2
The origin of the coordinate system is put at the location of the cannon, thus 𝑥0 =
𝑧0 = 0. The distance between the cannon and the landing point is defined by the
fall time (or final time or flight time) 𝑡𝑓:

𝑑 = 𝑣0𝑥𝑡𝑓.

The time 𝑡𝑓 can be found from the first equation:

1 2 1
0 = 𝑣0𝑧𝑡𝑓 − 𝑔𝑡𝑓 = 𝑡𝑓 (𝑣0𝑧 − 𝑔𝑡𝑓).
2 2
The first solution to this equation, 𝑡𝑓 = 0, corresponds to the beginning of the motion
and should be discarded. The landing time nullifies the expression in the brackets,
1
𝑣0𝑧 − 𝑔𝑡𝑓 = 0,
2
wherefrom
2𝑣0𝑧
𝑡𝑓 = .
𝑔
Now

𝑑 = 𝑣0𝑥𝑡𝑓 = 2𝑣0𝑥𝑣
0𝑧
.
𝑔

The components of the initial velocity can be expressed as

𝑣0𝑥 = 𝑣0 cos 𝜃 , 𝑣0𝑧 = 𝑣0 sin 𝜃,

so that
2𝑣2 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 𝑣2 sin 2𝜃
0 0
𝑑 = 𝑔 = 𝑔 ,

where the trigonometric identity sin 2𝜃 ≡ 2 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 was used. As the maximal
value of the sine function is 1 and it is reached for the argument equal to 90°, one
can see that 𝑑 reaches its maximum for 𝜃 = 45°. One can rewrite

2
𝑑=𝑑 sin 2𝜃 , = 𝑣0 .
𝑚𝑎 𝑚𝑎 𝑔
𝑥 𝑑 𝑥

This is an equation for 𝜃 if 𝑑 has a prescribed value (the distance to the target). For
the distance to the target 𝑑 > 𝑑𝑚𝑎𝑥 the target cannot be hit. For 𝑑 < 𝑑𝑚𝑎𝑥 the target
can be hit in two different ways using two values of the targeting angle that satisfy

𝑑
sin 2𝜃 = 𝑑 .
𝑚𝑎
𝑥
These solutions are

2𝜃1 = arcsin 𝑑 𝑑
and 2𝜃2 = π − arcsin ,
𝑑 𝑚𝑎 𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑥 𝑑
that is,

1 𝑑 π 1 𝑑
𝜃1 = arcsin and 𝜃2 = − arcsin 𝑚𝑎𝑥.
2 𝑚𝑎 2 2
𝑑 𝑑
𝑥

The second solution is in radians, and 𝜋 radians corresponds to 180°. For instance,
for
𝑑 1 1
= one has arcsin2 = 30° and 𝜃1 = 15° and 𝜃2 = 90° − 15° = 75°.
2
𝑑𝑚
𝑎𝑥 Equation: sin  a
sin
1 Solutions:
a<1
1  arcsina

 
0 1 2   arcsina
cos

One can check algebraically that the second expression is also a solution of the
equation:

sin 𝜙2 = sin(𝜋 − arcsin 𝑎) = sin(arcsin 𝑎) = 𝑎.

9. Hitting an elevated target (projectile motion, Giancoli, Chapter 3)

Solution. First, we introduce missing notations. The horizontal distance cannon-target
𝑑 = 195 𝑚, the height of the target ℎ = 155 𝑚, the missile flight time 𝑡𝑓 = 7.6 𝑠. Find:
𝑣0,
𝜃.

The general formulas for the projectile motion have the form

1 2
𝑧 = 𝑣0𝑧𝑡 − 𝑔𝑡 , 𝑥 = 𝑣0𝑥𝑡.
2
The origin of the coordinate system is put at the location of the cannon, thus 𝑥0 = 𝑧0 =
0.

The instance of these formulas, corresponding to the problem’s formulation (hitting

the target), is

1 2
ℎ = 𝑣0𝑧𝑡𝑓 − 𝑔𝑡𝑓 ,
𝑑 = 𝑣0𝑥𝑡𝑓.
2
From here, one finds the components of the initial velocity:

𝑑 ℎ + 1𝑔𝑡2
𝑣0𝑥 = , 𝑣0 = 2 𝑓
𝑡𝑓 .
𝑡𝑓

Now
2
√𝑑2 + (ℎ + 1𝑔𝑡2)
𝑣 = √𝑣2 + 𝑣2 = 2 𝑓
0 0𝑥 0𝑧 𝑡𝑓

and the angle 𝜃 is the solution of the

equation 𝑣0
𝑧
tan 𝜃 = .
𝑣0
𝑥

This equation has only one solution

𝑣 ℎ + 1𝑔𝑡2
 𝜃 = arctan 0𝑧
= arctan 2 𝑓
𝑣0𝑥 𝑑 .

Substituting the numbers, one obtains…

 10. Car jumping (Projectile motion, Giancoli, Chapter 3)

Solution. First, we add missing notations. The horizontal distance 𝑑 = 20 𝑚, the

initial height ℎ = 1.5 𝑚, the launching angle in (b) 𝜃 = 10°.

We put the origin of the coordinate system at the foot of the “cliff” (below the end of
the takeoff ramp at the level of the roofs of the standing cars). The formulas for the
motion with a constant acceleration have the form

1 2
𝑧 = ℎ + 𝑣0𝑧𝑡 − 𝑔𝑡 , 𝑥 = 𝑣0𝑥𝑡.
2
When the jumping car clears the roof of the last standing car, one has (an instance of
the formulas above)

1 2
0 = ℎ + 𝑣0𝑧𝑡𝑓 − 𝑔𝑡𝑓 , 𝑑 = 𝑣0𝑥𝑡𝑓. (1)
2
(a) In this case 𝑣0𝑧 = 0 and 𝑣0𝑥 = 𝑣0. From the first equation one obtains

2ℎ
𝑡𝑓 = √ .
𝑔
Substituting this into the second equation, one obtains

𝑣0 = 𝑑 𝑔
𝑡 = 𝑑√ .
𝑓 2ℎ

Substituting the numbers, one obtains

9.8
𝑣0 = 20√ = 36 𝑚/𝑠.
2 × 1.5

(b) In this case

𝑣0𝑥 = 𝑣0 cos 𝜃 , 𝑣0𝑧 = 𝑣0 sin 𝜃,

so that the general formulas at the clearing point, (1), take the form
 1 2
0 = ℎ + 𝑣0 sin 𝜃 𝑡𝑓 − 𝑔𝑡𝑓 ,
𝑑 = 𝑣0 cos 𝜃 𝑡𝑓.
2
This is again a system of two equations with two unknowns: 𝑣0 and 𝑡𝑓. However, it is
inconvenient to find 𝑡𝑓 from the first equation, as above, because here one needs to
sole a full quadratic equation. Thus we apply a slightly different method. Since we
do not need 𝑡𝑓, we can eliminate if from the second equation [ 𝑡𝑓 = 𝑑/(𝑣0 cos 𝜃) ] and
substitute it into the first equation that yields

0 = ℎ + 𝑣0 sin 𝑑 − 1 𝑔 ( 𝑑 ) 2.
𝜃 2 𝑣0 cos 𝜃

𝑣0 cos
𝜃

After simplification, one obtains the equation for the car’s speed

𝑔𝑑2 1
0 = ℎ + 𝑑 tan 𝜃 −
2 cos2 𝜃 𝑣02
that is a quadratic equation without the linear term

(ℎ + 𝑑 tan 𝜃)𝑣2 − 𝑔𝑑2

= 0.
0
2 cos 𝜃
2

Its solution
reads

𝑑 𝑔
𝑣0 = √ .
cos 𝜃 2 ( ℎ + 𝑑 tan 𝜃)

For 𝜃 = 0, this formula simplifies to the solution obtained in (a). For small 𝜃, one can
use

1
sin 𝜃 ≅ 𝜃, tan 𝜃 ≅ 𝜃, cos 𝜃 ≅ 1 𝜃2 ≅ 1,
− 2

(𝜃 in radians) so that the value of 𝑣0 decreases with 𝜃 because of the tan 𝜃 term in the
denominator. We have the angle, in radians,

2𝜋
𝜃 = 10° = 0.175 ≪ 1,
360°

so that the angle is, indeed, small, and one can use the formulas for the small angles

above. Substituting the numbers, one obtains, approximately,

𝑣0 ≅ 20√
( 9. 9.
= 20√ = 19.80 𝑚/𝑠.
8 ) ( 8 )
2 1.5 + 20 × 0.175 2 1.5 + 3.5
Using the full expression yields

20 9.8
𝑣0 = √ = 20.05 𝑚/𝑠.
(2 1.5 + 20 tan )
cos 10°
10°
This is a serious decrease of the minimal speed in comparison to the case 𝜃 =
0. The reason is that the small tan 𝜃 is multiplied by the large 𝑑.

= 59.63° ≈ 60°.
GERSALINA, RENZ JOHN

1. Calculate the work done by a force of 30 N in lifting a load of 2kg to a height of

10m (g = 10ms-2)

Answer:
Given :
Force mg = 30 N ; height = 10 m
Work done to lift a load W = ?
W = F.S (or) mgh
= 30x10
W = 300 J

Ans: 300J

2. A ball with a velocity of 5 m s-1 impinges at angle of 60˚ with the vertical on a
smooth horizontal plane. If the coefficient of restitution is 0.5, find the velocity and
direction after the impact.

Answer
The impluse on the ball acts perpendicular to the smooth plane.

(i) The component of velocity of ball parallel to the surface.

(ii) For the component of velocity of ball perpendicular to the surface, apply law of
restitution.
The component of velocity parallel to the surface will be changed.
v cos α = u cos 60°
v cos α = 5 × 1/2 = 5/2 ….(1)
According to law of restitution
v sin α = e u sin 60°
v sin α = 1/2 × 5 × √3/2 = 5 (√3/4) ….(2)
Squaring and adding (1) and (2)
v2 (sin2α + cos2α) =

v = 3.3 ms-1

Ans: v = 0.3 m s-1

3. A bob of mass m is attached to one end of the rod of negligible mass and
length r, the other end of which is pivoted freely at a fixed center O as shown in
the figure. What initial speed must be given to the object to reach the top of the
circle? (Hint: Use law of conservation of energy). Is this speed less or greater
than speed obtained in the section 4.2.9?

Ans: √4gr ms-1

Answer
The horizontal distance, draw the point of projection to the point where the ball
returns to the same level

AC = OA-OC = r - rcosθ
minimum velocity = at vL = √[5gr]

v12 = vL2 - 2gr (1 - cos θ)

v12 = 5gr - 2gr (l-cosθ)
If θ = 60°
v12 = 5gr-2gr(l – 1/2)
v12 = 5gr - gr => v12 = 4gr
v1 = √[4gr] ms-1.
4. Two different unknown masses A and B collide. A is initially at rest when B has
a speed v. After collision B has a speed v/2 and moves at right angles to its
original direction of motion. Find the direction in which A moves after collision.

Answer:
Momentium is censerved in both × and y direction.
In x - direction
MBVB = O + MAVA' cosɸ ...(l)
In y - direction
O = MBVB' - MAVA'sinɸ ...(2)
(2)/(1) tanɸ = VB’/VB = 1/2
tan ɸ = ½
ɸ = 26.6° (or) 26° 36' [1° = 60']

Ans: θ = 26° 33′

5. A bullet of mass 20 g strikes a pendulum of mass 5 kg. The centre of mass of

pendulum rises a vertical distance of 10 cm. If the bullet gets embedded into the
pendulum, calculate its initial speed.

Answer
Mass of the bullet m1 = 20 g = 0.02 kg.
Mass of the pendulum m2 = 5 kg
Centre of mass of pendulum rises to a height = h = 10 cm = 0.1 m
Speed of the bullet = u1
Pendulum is at rest .:. u2 = 0
Common velocity of the bullet and the pendulum after the bullet is embeded into
the object = v
From II equation of motion
v = √[2gh] = √[2x9.8x0.1] = √[1.96] = 1.4 ms-1
Substitute the value of v in equation (1)
1.4 = 0.02 u1/5.02
u1 = 5.02x1.4 / 0.02
u1 = 351.4 ms-1

Ans: v = 351.4m s-1

6. A particle of mass m is fixed to one end of a light spring of force constant k

and un-stretched length l. It is rotated with an angular velocity ω in horizontal
circle. What will be the length increase in the spring?

Solution:

Mass spring = m Force

constant = k

Un-stretched length = l

Angular velocity = ω

Let ‘x’ be the increase in the length of the spring.

The new length = (l+x) = r

When the spring is rotated in a horizontal circle,

Spring force = centripetal force.

7.Two objects of masses 2 kg and 4 kg are moving with the same momentum of
20 kg m s-1.

a. Will they have same kinetic energy?

b. Will they have same speed?

Solution

a. The kinetic energy of the mass is given by

8.Even though both are having the same momentum, the kinetic energy of both
masses is not the same. The kinetic energy of the heavier object has lesser
kinetic energy than smaller mass. It is because the kinetic energy is inversely
proportional to the mass (KE ∝ 1/m) for a given momentum.

b. As the momentum, p = mv, the two objects will not have same speed.

A body of mass m is attached to the spring which is elongated to 25 cm by an

applied force from its equilibrium position.

a. Calculate the potential energy stored in the spring-mass system?

b. What is the work done by the spring force in this elongation?

c. Suppose the spring is compressed to the same 25 cm, calculate the potential
energy stored and also the work done by the spring force during compression.
(The spring constant, k = 0.1 N m-1).

Solution

The spring constant, k = 0.1 N m-1

The displacement, x = 25 cm = 0.25 m

a. The potential energy stored in the spring is given by

Note that the potential energy is defined through the work done by the external
agency. The positive sign in the potential energy implies that the energy is
transferred from the agency to the object. But the work done by the restoring
force in this case is negative since restoring force is in the opposite direction to
the displacement direction.

c. During compression also the potential energy stored in the object is the same.

Work done by the restoring spring force during compression is given by

In the case of compression, the restoring spring force acts towards positive x-
axis and displacement is along negative x direction.

9.A body of mass 100 kg is lifted to a height 10 m from the ground in two different
ways as shown in the figure. What is the work done by the gravity in both the
cases? Why is it easier to take the object through a ramp?

Solution

m = 100 kg, h = 10 m
Along path (1):

The minimum force F1 required to move the object to the height of 10 m should
be equal to the gravitational force, F1 mg = 100 x 10 = 1000 N

The distance moved along path (1) is, =10 m

The work done on the object along path (1) is

W = Fh = 1000 x 10 = 10,000 J

Along path (2):

In the case of the ramp, the minimum force F2 that we apply on the object to take
it up is not equal to mg, it is rather equal to mg sinθ .(mg sin < mg) .

Here, angle θ = 30o

Therefore, F2 = mg sinθ = 100 × 10 × sin30o = 100 × 10 × 0.5 = 500N

Hence, (mg sinθ < mg)

The path covered along the ramp is,

l = h/sin30 = 10/0.5 =20m

The work done on the object along path (2) is, W = F2 l = 500 × 20 = 10,000 J

Since the gravitational force is a conservative force, the work done by gravity on
the object is independent of the path taken.

In both the paths the work done by the gravitational force is 10,000 J

Along path (1): more force needs to be applied against gravity to cover lesser
distance .

Along path (2): lesser force needs to be applied against the gravity to cover more
distance.

As the force needs to be applied along the ramp is less, it is easier to move the
object along the ramp.
10.A lighter particle moving with a speed of 10 m s-1 collides with an object of
double its mass moving in the same direction with half its speed. Assume that the
collision is a one dimensional elastic collision. What will be the speed of both
particles after the collision?

Solution

Let the mass of the fi rst body be m which moves with an initial velocity, u1 = 10
m s-1.

Therefore, the mass of second body is 2m and its initial velocity is u2 = ½ u1 =

½(10ms-1)

Then, the fi nal velocities of the bodies can be calculated from the equation
(4.53) and equation (4.54)
As the two speeds v1and v2 are positive, they move in the same direction with
the velocities, 3.33 m s−1 and 8.33 m s−1 respectively.
GESTO, MATHEW

1. Problem: A car accelerates from rest at 2 m/s2 for 5 seconds. What is its final
velocity?
Solution: Use the equation: v=u+at
v = 0 + (2m/s2)(5s) = 10m/s

2. Problem: An object is moving with a constant speed of 20 m/s. How far will it
travel in
10 seconds?
Solution: Use the formula: d = vt
:
d = (20m/s)(108) = 200meters

3. Problem: A ball is dropped from a height of 50 meters. Calculate the time it

takes to
reach
the ground.
Solution: Use the equation for free fall: d=
50m = (9.8m/s2)t2
= 1/2 gt2
Solving for t: t=
2d
2(50m)
=
≈3.19s V 9.8m/s2

4. Problem: An object moves with a velocity of 30 m/s for 5 seconds and then
accelerates at -2 m/s2 for the next 3 seconds. Calculate the total distance
traveled.
Solution: Split the problem into two parts. First, calculate the distance during the
initial 5
seconds:

d1 = vt
= (30m/s)(58) = 150m
=
For the next 3 seconds, find the change in velocity and use it to calculate the
distance:
Av = at = (-2m/s2)(3s) = −6m/s
·
d2 = | | (vƒ + vi)t = }(−6m/s + 30m/s)(38) = 36m
·
The total distance is the sum of d1 and d2:
dtotal
= 150m + 36m = 186m

5. Problem: A bicycle accelerates from 0 to 10 m/s in 5 seconds. Find the

acceleration.
Solution: Use the equation: a =
Δυ
α
10m/s
=
58
= 2m/s2

6. Problem: A car travels at a constant speed of 80 km/h for 2 hours. Calculate

the total
distance traveled in meters.
Solution: First, convert the speed to meters per second:
80,000m
80km/h = 3,600 = 22.22m/s
Now, calculate the distance using d = vt:
d = (22.22m/s)(2hours ⋆ 3, 600s/hour) = 160,000meters

7. Problem: A stone is thrown vertically upward with an initial velocity of 20 m/s.

Calculate
the time it takes to reach its highest point.
Solution: Use the equation:= u + at
At the highest point, the final velocity (2) will be 0. Therefore, 0) = 20m/s −
9.8m/s2 * t.
—
Solving for t: t=
20m/s 9.8m/s2
2.04seconds

8. Problem: An object is dropped from a height of 100 meters. Calculate its

velocity just
before hitting the ground.
Solution: Use the equation for free fall: v = u+ gt
The initial velocity (u) is 0 (it&#39;s dropped). Therefore: v = 0 + (9.8m/s2 + t)
=
100m:
Now, solve for 2 when d 100m = 1⁄2 * 9.8m/s2 *t2 200m = 9.8m/s2 + t2
t2
=
200m
9.8m/s2
t≈ √20.4182 ≈ 4.52s
Now, plug this value into the first equation: v = 9.8m/s2 * 4.52s ≈ 44.2m/s

9. Problem: A car decelerates from 30 m/s to 10 m/s in 5 seconds. Find the

acceleration.
Solution: Use the equation: a =
10m/s-30m/s

α=
58
Δυ
-20m/s
=
58
-4m/s2

10. Problem: An object moves with an initial velocity of 5 m/s, and after 10
seconds, its
final velocity is 25 m/s. Calculate the acceleration.
Δυ
Solution: Use the equation: a = 4o
25m/s-5m/s
10s
t
20m/s = 2m/s2
10s
GILZA, WILSON

Problem 1:
From rest, a car accelerated at 8 m/s2 for 10 seconds.
a) What is the position of the car at the end of the 10 seconds?
b) What is the velocity of the car at the end of the 10 seconds?
Solution to Problem 1:
a) The car starts from rest therefore the initial speed u = 0. Nothing is said about
the initial position and we therefore assume it is equal to 0. Hence the position x
is given by the equation
x = (1/2) a t 2
where a is the acceleration (=8 m/s2) and t is the period of time between initial
and final positions
x = (1/2)8 (10)2 = 400 m
b) The velocity v of the car at the end of the 10 seconds is given by
v = a t = 8 * 10 = 80 m/s

Problem 2:
With an initial velocity of 20 km/h, a car accelerated at 8 m/s2 for 10 seconds.
a) What is the position of the car at the end of the 10 seconds?
b) What is the velocity of the car at the end of the 10 seconds?
Solution to Problem 2:
a) The car has an initial velocity of 20 km/h, therefore the initial speed u = 20
km/h. Nothing is said about the initial position and we therefore assume it is
equal to 0. Hence the position x is given by the equation
x = (1/2) a t 2 + u t
where a is the acceleration (=8 m/s2) and t is period of time between initial and
final positions and u is the initial velocity.
Since the time is given in seconds, we need to convert 20 km/h into m/s as
follows:

u = 20 km/h =
20 * 1km
1 hour
1000 m
1 km

1 hour
3600 seconds
= 5.6 m/s
We now have
x = (1/2) (8) 10 2 + 5.6*10 = 456 m
b) v = at + u = 8*10 + 5.6 = 85.6 m/s

Problem 3:
A car accelerates uniformly from 0 to 72 km/h in 11.5 seconds.
a) What is the acceleration of the car in m/s2?
b) What is the position of the car by the time it reaches the velocity of 72 km/h?
Solution to Problem 3:
a) The acceleration a is a measure if the rate of change of the velocity within a
period of time. Hence

u=
change in velocity
change in time
=
v-u
t
=
72 km/h - 0
11.5 seconds
We now convert 72 km/h into m/s

u = 72 km/h =
72 * 1km
1 hour

1000 m
1 km

1 hour
3600 seconds
= 20 m/s
We now calculate the acceleration a
a = (20 m/s) / (11.5 s) = 1.74 m/s 2 (approximetd)
b) Two ways to find the position x:
1) x = (1/2)(v + u) t or 2) x = (1/2) a t 2 + u t
1) We first use: x = (1/2)(v + u) t = 0.5*(20 m/s + 0)*11.5 = 115 m
2) We now use: (1/2) a t 2 + u t = 0.5*1.74*(11.5) 2 + 0*t = 115 m

Problem 4:
An object is thrown straight down from the top of a building at a speed of 20 m/s.
It hits the ground with a speed of 40 m/s.
a) How high is the building?
b) How long was the object in the air?
Solution to Problem 4:
a) We consider that the direction from ground up is the positive direction of the
falling object. We are given the initial (-20 m/s) and final velocities (-40 m/s); the
minus sign was added to take into account the fact that the falling object is
moving in the negative direction. We know the gravitational acceleration (g = -
9.8 m/s2) acting on the falling object and we are asked to find the height of the
building. If we consider the position of the object as being x (wth x = 0 on the
ground), then we may use the equation relating the initial and final velocities u
and v, the acceleration a and the initial (x0 which the height of the building) and
final (x, on the ground) positions as follows:
v2 = u2 + 2 a (x - x0)
(-40 m/s)2 = (-20 m/s)2 + 2 (-9.8 m/s0) (0 - x0)
Solve the above for x0
x0 = 1200 / 19.6 = 61.2 m
b) x - x0 = (1/2)(u + v)t
-61.2 = 0.5(-20 - 40)t
t = 61.2 / 30 = 2.04 s

Problem 5:
A train brakes from 40 m/s to a stop over a distance of 100 m.
a) What is the acceleration of the train?
b) How much time does it take the train to stop?
Solution to Problem 5:
a) We are given the initial velocity u = 40 m/s, the final velocity v = 0 (train stops)
and the distance. Hence the formula that relates these 3 quantities and the
acceleration is given by
v2 = u2 + 2 a x
02 = 402 + 2 a (100)
Solve for the acceleration a
a = -1600 / 200 = - 8 m/s2
b) There two ways to find the time:
1) Use: x = (1/2)(v + u) t
100 = 0.5(0 + 40) t
Solve for t: t = 5 seconds.
2) Use x = (1/2) a t2 + ut
100 = 0.5 ( - 8) t2 + 40t
4 t2 - 40 t + 100 = 0
4 (t2 - 10 t + 25) = 0
4(t - 5)2 = 0
t = 5 seconds.
Problems on velocity and uniform acceleration are presented along with detailed
solutions. Tutorials can also be found in this website.

Problem 1:
From rest, a car accelerated at 8 m/s2 for 10 seconds.
a) What is the position of the car at the end of the 10 seconds?
b) What is the velocity of the car at the end of the 10 seconds?
Solution to Problem 1:
a) The car starts from rest therefore the initial speed u = 0. Nothing is said about
the initial position and we therefore assume it is equal to 0. Hence the position x
is given by the equation
x = (1/2) a t 2
where a is the acceleration (=8 m/s2) and t is the period of time between initial
and final positions
x = (1/2)8 (10)2 = 400 m
b) The velocity v of the car at the end of the 10 seconds is given by
v = a t = 8 * 10 = 80 m/s

Problem 2:
With an initial velocity of 20 km/h, a car accelerated at 8 m/s2 for 10 seconds.
a) What is the position of the car at the end of the 10 seconds?
b) What is the velocity of the car at the end of the 10 seconds?
Solution to Problem 2:
a) The car has an initial velocity of 20 km/h, therefore the initial speed u = 20
km/h. Nothing is said about the initial position and we therefore assume it is
equal to 0. Hence the position x is given by the equation
x = (1/2) a t 2 + u t
where a is the acceleration (=8 m/s2) and t is period of time between initial and
final positions and u is the initial velocity.
Since the time is given in seconds, we need to convert 20 km/h into m/s as
follows:

u = 20 km/h =
20 * 1km
1 hour

1000 m
1 km

1 hour
3600 seconds
= 5.6 m/s
We now have
x = (1/2) (8) 10 2 + 5.6*10 = 456 m
b) v = at + u = 8*10 + 5.6 = 85.6 m/s
Problem 3:
A car accelerates uniformly from 0 to 72 km/h in 11.5 seconds.
a) What is the acceleration of the car in m/s2?
b) What is the position of the car by the time it reaches the velocity of 72 km/h?
Solution to Problem 3:
a) The acceleration a is a measure if the rate of change of the velocity within a
period of time. Hence

u=
change in velocity
change in time
=
v-u
t
=
72 km/h - 0
11.5 seconds
We now convert 72 km/h into m/s

u = 72 km/h =
72 * 1km
1 hour

1000 m
1 km

1 hour
3600 seconds
= 20 m/s
We now calculate the acceleration a
a = (20 m/s) / (11.5 s) = 1.74 m/s 2 (approximetd)
b) Two ways to find the position x:
1) x = (1/2)(v + u) t or 2) x = (1/2) a t 2 + u t
1) We first use: x = (1/2)(v + u) t = 0.5*(20 m/s + 0)*11.5 = 115 m
2) We now use: (1/2) a t 2 + u t = 0.5*1.74*(11.5) 2 + 0*t = 115 m

Problem 4:
An object is thrown straight down from the top of a building at a speed of 20 m/s.
It hits the ground with a speed of 40 m/s.
a) How high is the building?
b) How long was the object in the air?
Solution to Problem 4:
a) We consider that the direction from ground up is the positive direction of the
falling object. We are given the initial (-20 m/s) and final velocities (-40 m/s); the
minus sign was added to take into account the fact that the falling object is
moving in the negative direction. We know the gravitational acceleration (g = -
9.8 m/s2) acting on the falling object and we are asked to find the height of the
building. If we consider the position of the object as being x (wth x = 0 on the
ground), then we may use the equation relating the initial and final velocities u
and v, the acceleration a and the initial (x0 which the height of the building) and
final (x, on the ground) positions as follows:
v2 = u2 + 2 a (x - x0)
(-40 m/s)2 = (-20 m/s)2 + 2 (-9.8 m/s0) (0 - x0)
Solve the above for x0
x0 = 1200 / 19.6 = 61.2 m
b) x - x0 = (1/2)(u + v)t
-61.2 = 0.5(-20 - 40)t
t = 61.2 / 30 = 2.04 s

Problem 5:
A train brakes from 40 m/s to a stop over a distance of 100 m.
a) What is the acceleration of the train?
b) How much time does it take the train to stop?
Solution to Problem 5:
a) We are given the initial velocity u = 40 m/s, the final velocity v = 0 (train stops)
and the distance. Hence the formula that relates these 3 quantities and the
acceleration is given by
v2 = u2 + 2 a x
02 = 402 + 2 a (100)
Solve for the acceleration a
a = -1600 / 200 = - 8 m/s2
b) There two ways to find the time:
1) Use: x = (1/2)(v + u) t
100 = 0.5(0 + 40) t
Solve for t: t = 5 seconds.
2) Use x = (1/2) a t2 + ut
100 = 0.5 ( - 8) t2 + 40t
4 t2 - 40 t + 100 = 0
4 (t2 - 10 t + 25) = 0
4(t - 5)2 = 0
t = 5 seconds.

Problem 6:
A boy on a bicycle increases his velocity from 5 m/s to 20 m/s in 10 seconds.
a) What is the acceleration of the bicycle?
b) What distance was covered by the bicycle during the 10 seconds?
Solution to Problem 6:
a) In this problem the initial velocity u = 5 m/s and the final velocity v = 20 m/s.
The acceleration a of the bicycle is the rate of change of the velocity and is given
as follows
a=
v-u
t
=
20 m/s - 5 m/s
10 seconds
= 1.5 m/s2
b) There are two ways to find the distance covered by the bicyle in t = 10
seconds.
1) x = (1/2)(v + u) t = 0.5 (20 + 5) 10 = 125 m
2) x = (1/2) a t 2 + u t = 0.5 * 1.5 * 100 + 5 * 10 = 125 m

Problem 7:
a) How long does it take an airplane to take off if it needs to reach a speed on the
ground of 350 km/h over a distance of 600 meters (assume the plane starts from
rest)?
b) What is the acceleration of the airplane over the 600 meters?
Solution to Problem 7:
a) In this problem the initial velocity u = 0 (assumed because it is not given) , the
final velocity v = 350 km/h and the distance x = 600 meters = 0.6 km
The relationship between the give quantities is:
x = (1/2)(v + u) t
0.6 = 0.5 (350 + 0) t
Solve for t
t = (0.6 / 175) hours = 12.3 seconds
b) The acceleration a of the airplane is given by
a = (v - u) / t = 350 km/h / 12.3 s
Convert 350 km/h into m/s
350 km/h = 350,000 m / 3,600 s = 97.2 m/s
a = 97.2 m/s / 12.3 s = 8 m/s2 (to the nearest unit)

Problem 8:
Starting from a distance of 20 meters to the left of the origin and at a velocity of
10 m/s, an object accelerates to the right of the origin for 5 seconds at 4 m/s2.
What is the position of the object at the end of the 5 seconds of acceleration?
Solution to Problem 8:
a) In this problem, we may consider that the direction of the object is the positive
direction and the initial position x0 = -20 meters (to the left of the origin), the initial
velocity u = 10 m/s, the acceleration a = 4 m/s2 and the time is t = 5 seconds.
The position is given by
x = (1/2) a t2 + u t + x0
= 0.5 * 4 * (5)2 + 10 * 5 - 20 = 80 meters to the right of the origin.

Problem 9:
What is the smallest distance, in meters, needed for an airplane touching the
runway with a velocity of 360 km/h and an acceleration of -10 m/s2 to come to
rest?
Solution to Problem 9:
a) In this problem the initial velocity u = 360 km/h, the final velocity v = 0 (rest)
and the acceleration a = -10 m/s2. The distance x can be calculated using the
formula
v2 = u2 + 2 a x
Convert 360 km/h into m/s: 360 km/h = (360 000 m) /(3600 s) = 100 m/s
x = ( v2 - u2 ) / (2 a) = (0 - 10,000) / (-20) = 500 meters

Problem 10:
To approximate the height of a water well, Martha and John drop a heavy rock
into the well. 8 seconds after the rock is dropped, they hear a splash caused by
the impact of the rock on the water. What is the height of the well. (Speed of
sound in air is 340 m/s).
Solution to Problem 10:
a) In this problem we have:
1) a rock was dropped down the well and is uniformly accelerated downward due
to gravity. If h is the height of the well and t is the time taken by the rock to reach
the bottom of the well, then we have
h = (1/2)(9.8) t 2
2) After the splash, the sound travels up the well at a constant speed of 340 m/s.
Again the same height h of the well is given by
h = 340 *(8 - t) : 8 - t is the time taken for the sound to travel from bottom to top
where the sound is heard.
The above equations give:
(1/2)(9.8) t2 = 340 *(8 - t)
4.9 t2 + 340 t - 2720 = 0
Solve for t, two solutions:
t = 7.24 s and the second solution is negative and is not valid.
The height h of the well is calculated using one of the above equations:
h = 340 *(8 - t) = 340 *(8 - 7.24) = 257 meters (approximated to the the nearest
meter)
GONDRA, TYRONE NATHANIEL

1. Problem: A spaceship is traveling at 0.8 times the speed of light (c). Calculate
its relativistic mass. (Use the relativistic mass formula: m = m0 / √(1 - v²/c²),
where m0 is the rest mass, and v is the velocity)

Answer: m = m0 / √(1 - v²/c²)

m = m0 / √(1 - 0.8²)
m = m0 / √(1 - 0.64)
m ≈ 2.5 times the rest mass

2. Problem: A spring with a force constant of 500 N/m is compressed by 0.2

meters. Calculate the potential energy stored in the spring.

Answer: Potential Energy = (1/2) * Force Constant * Displacement^2

Potential Energy = (1/2) * 500 N/m * (0.2 m)^2 = 10 J

3. Problem: A sound wave has a frequency of 500 Hz and a wavelength of 0.7

meters. Calculate the speed of sound.

Answer: Speed of Sound = Frequency * Wavelength

Speed of Sound = 500 Hz * 0.7 m = 350 m/s

4. Problem: An object is moving in a circular path with a radius of 4 meters at a

constant speed of 10 m/s. Calculate the magnitude of its centripetal acceleration.

Answer: Centripetal Acceleration = (Velocity²) / Radius

Centripetal Acceleration = (10 m/s)² / 4 m = 25 m/s²

5. Problem: An electron is accelerated through a potential difference of 100 V.

Calculate its kinetic energy.

Answer: Kinetic Energy = e * Voltage (where e is the charge of an electron)

Kinetic Energy = (1.6 x 10⁻¹⁹ C) * 100 V = 1.6 x 10⁻¹⁷ J

6. Problem: A prism disperses white light into its constituent colors. If the red light
has a wavelength of 700 nm and the violet light has a wavelength of 400 nm,
calculate the refractive index of the material.

Answer: Refractive Index = c (speed of light in a vacuum) / v (speed of light in the

material)
Refractive Index = 3 x 10⁸ m/s / (700 x 10⁻⁹ m) = 4.29

7. Problem: A 2 kg object is dropped from a height of 10 meters. Calculate its

potential energy when it is at rest.
Answer: Potential Energy = Mass *Gravity *Height
Potential Energy = 2 kg * 9.81 m/s² * 10 m = 196.2 J

8. Problem: A rocket engine generates a thrust of 10,000 N in space. If the rocket

has a mass of 2,000 kg, calculate its acceleration.

Answer: Acceleration = Thrust / Mass

Acceleration = 10,000 N / 2,000 kg = 5 m/s²

9. Problem: A pendulum has a length of 2 meters. Calculate its period.

Answer: Period = 2π * √(Length / g) (where g is the acceleration due to gravity)

Period = 2π * √(2 m / 9.81 m/s²) ≈ 2.83 seconds

10. Problem: An object is in free fall from a height of 50 meters. Calculate its final
velocity just before hitting the ground.

Answer: Final Velocity = √(2 *g * Height)

Final Velocity = √(2 ‘ 9.81 m/s² ‘50 m) ≈ 31.32 m/s
HALILI, CLEVER

acceleration?
Solution: We can use the equation of motion: v = u + at, where v is the final
velocity, u is the initial velocity (0 m/s in this case), a is the acceleration, and t is
the time. Rearranging the equation, we get a = (v - u)/t = (30 m/s - 0 m/s)/10 s =
3 m/s².

2. Problem: A ball is thrown vertically upwards with an initial velocity of 20 m/s.

What is the maximum height it reaches?
Solution: We can use the equation of motion: v² = u² + 2as, where v is the final
velocity (0 m/s at maximum height), u is the initial velocity, a is the acceleration
due to gravity (-9.8 m/s²), and s is the displacement. Rearranging the equation,
we get s = (v² - u²)/(2a) = (0 m/s - 20 m/s)²/(2 * -9.8 m/s²) = 20.41 m.

3. Problem: A force of 50 N is applied to a box of mass 10 kg. What is the

acceleration of the box?
Solution: We can use Newton's second law: F = ma, where F is the force, m is
the mass, and a is the acceleration. Rearranging the equation, we get a = F/m =
50 N/10 kg = 5 m/s².

4. Problem: A car travels a distance of 200 meters in 10 seconds. What is its

average speed?
Solution: Average speed is given by the formula: speed = distance/time.
Plugging in the values, we get speed = 200 m/10 s = 20 m/s.

5. Problem: A block is pushed 5 meters across a frictionless surface with a force

of 15 N at an angle of 30 degrees to the horizontal. What is the work done on the
block?
Solution: Work done is given by the formula: work = force * displacement *
cos(angle). Plugging in the values, we get work = 15 N * 5 m * cos(30 degrees) =
64.95 J.

6. Problem: A projectile is launched with an initial velocity of 30 m/s at an angle

of 60 degrees to the horizontal. What is its maximum height?
Solution: The maximum height can be determined using the formula: h = (v^2 *
sin^2(angle))/(2g), where v is the initial velocity, angle is the launch angle, and g
is the acceleration due to gravity. Plugging in the values, we get h = (30 m/s)^2 *
sin^2(60 degrees)/(2 * 9.8 m/s²) = 44.21 m.

7. Problem: A mass attached to a spring oscillates with a frequency of 2 Hz.

What is its time period?
Solution: The time period (T) of oscillation is the reciprocal of the frequency (f).
Therefore, T = 1/f = 1/2 Hz = 0.5 seconds.
8. Problem: A ball is dropped from a height of 50 meters. How long does it take
to reach the ground?
Solution: By using the equation h = (1/2)gt^2, where h is the initial height, g is
the acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s²), and t is the time. Rearranging the
equation, we find t = √(2h/g) = √(2 * 50 m/9.8 m/s²) = 3.19 seconds.

9. Problem: A bullet is fired with a velocity of 400 m/s and takes 0.05 seconds to
travel through a wooden block. What is the thickness of the block?
Solution: We can use the formula distance = velocity * time. Plugging in the
values, we have distance = 400 m/s * 0.05 s = 20 meters.

10. Problem: An object is moving in a straight line with an initial velocity of 10 m/s
and a constant acceleration of 2 m/s². What is its final velocity after 5 seconds?
Solution: We can use the equation of motion: v = u + at, where v is the final
velocity, u is the initial velocity, a is the acceleration, and t is the time. Plugging in
the values, we get v = 10 m/s + 2 m/s² * 5 s = 20 m/s.
IGNACIO, ARTJOHN
PROBLEM SOLVING

SCIENTIFIC NOTATION, UNIT CONVERSION, DISTANCE AND

DISPLACEMENT

1. Convert 11.2mg to grams.

Given:

11.2 mg to grams

Unit Conversion:

mg to grams

Solution:

11.2mg x 1g
1000mg
= 0.0112g

2. Convert 9,800,000m to miles.

Given:

9,800,000m to miles

Unit conversion:

mm to miles

Solution:

9,800,000m x 1m x 1km x 1mi

1000m 1000m 1.61km

=6.089426 miles

3. A car travels 23km in 15 minutes. How fast is it going in kilometers per hour?

In meter per seconds?

 Given:

23km
15 minutes
Solution:

23km x 60mins
15mins 1h = 92km/h
92km x 1000m x 1h
1h 1km 3600s = 25.6 m/s

4. Blood sugar level are measured in milligrams of glucose per decilitre of blood

volume. If a person's blood sugar level measured 128mg/dL, what is this in

grams per litre?

Given:

128mg/dL to g/L

Solution:

128mg/dL = 128mg x 1g x 10dL

dL 1000mg L
128mg/dL = 1.28g/L
5. Multiply and express the product in scientific notation.

7,200,000 x 5,000,000

Solution:

7,200,000 = 7.2 x 106

5,000,000 = 5 x 106
= (7.2 x 106) x (5 x 106)
= (7.2 x 5) x (106 x 106)
= 36 x 106+6
= 36 x 12
= 36 = 3.6 x 101
= 36 x 1012 = (3.6 x 101) x 1012
= 3.6 x 101 + 12
= 3.6 x 1013
6. Add (5.7 x 104) + (4.87 x 105)

Solution:
 = (5.7 x 104) + (4.87 x 105)
= (0.57 x 105) + (4.87 x 105)
= (0.57 + 4.87) x 105
= 5.44 x 105

7. Vector A represents 5.0m of displacement east. If Vector B represents 10.0m

of displacement north, find the addition of the two displacements.

Formula: c2 = a2 + b2

Given:

F1= 5.0m, E
F2= 10.0m, N
Fr=?
Solution:

c2 = √a2 + b2
= √(5.0m, E)2 + (10.0m, N)2
= √25m, E2 + 10.0m, N2
= √125m, NE
Fr = 11.1m, NE
8. Car's speedometer reads 10,500km at the start of a trip and 10,700km at the

end of the trip. Determine the distance and displacement.

Solution:

Distance = 10,700km - 10,500km = 200km

Displacement = 0

9. A runner travels around rectangle track with lenght of 50m and width of 20m.

After travels around rectangle rwck for 2 times, the runner goes back to the

starting point. Determine the distance and displacement.

Given:
 length = 50m
width = 20m
Solution:
circumference of rectangle = 2(50m) + 2(20m)
= 100m + 40m
= 140m

Travels around rectangle 2 times = 2(140m) = 280m

distance = 280m
displacement = 0 (the runner goes back to starting point)

10. A student is driving their car to school. They start by driving 8.33km north,

then turn eastward to travel the final 3.67km to the school. What is the

displacement of the car?

Given:

F1 = 8.33km, North
F2 = 3.67km, East
Fr = ?

Solution:
Formula: c2 = √a2 + b2
c2 = √a2 + b2
= √(8.33km, N)2 + (3.67km, E)2
= √69.4km,N2 + 13.5km, E2
= √82.9km, NE
= 9.10km, NE
JULIANE, JELTHRUDE

Q1.A boat is moving with velocity of 5 m/s in the x direction and 2 m/s in they
direction. Find resulting velocity and the angle of the boat's motion.

Q2.Determine the resultant of:

A = 30.0 N at 0°

B = 40.0 N at 90
Q3.headwind and crosswind, total wind velocity of 15 m s at angle 30° from the
landing direction.

Q4.It takes a force of 25 pounds to keep a box from sliding down a ramp that is
inclined at 21º from the horizontal. How much does the box weigh?

Q5.An airplane accelerates down a runway at 3.20 m/s2 for 32.8 s until is finally
lifts off the ground. Determine the distance traveled before takeoff.

Given: Find:
a = +3.2 m/s t = 32.8 s vi = 0 m/s d = ??
2

d = vi*t + 0.5*a*t2
d = (0 m/s)*(32.8 s)+ 0.5*(3.20 m/s2)*(32.8 s)2
d = 1720 m

Q6.A car starts from rest and accelerates uniformly over a time of 5.21 seconds
for a distance of 110 m. Determine the acceleration of the car.
Given: Find:
d = 110 t = 5.21 s vi = 0 m/s a = ??
m
d = vi*t + 0.5*a*t2
110 m = (0 m/s)*(5.21 s)+ 0.5*(a)*(5.21 s)2
110 m = (13.57 s2)*a
a = (110 m)/(13.57 s2)
a = 8.10 m/ s2

Q7.Upton Chuck is riding the Giant Drop at Great America. If Upton free falls for
2.60 seconds, what will be his final velocity and how far will he fall?

Given: Find:
a = -9.8 m t = 2.6 vi = 0 m/s d = ??
s vf = ??
2
d = vi*t + 0.5*a*t
d = (0 m/s)*(2.60 s)+ 0.5*(-9.8 m/s2)*(2.60 s)2
d = -33.1 m (- indicates direction)
vf = vi + a*t
vf = 0 + (-9.8 m/s2)*(2.60 s)
vf = -25.5 m/s (- indicates direction)

Q8.A race car accelerates uniformly from 18.5 m/s to 46.1 m/s in 2.47 seconds.
Determine the acceleration of the car and the distance traveled.

Given: Find:
vi = 18.5 m/s vf = 46.1 m/s t = 2.47 s d = ??
a = ??
a = (Delta v)/t
a = (46.1 m/s - 18.5 m/s)/(2.47 s)
a = 11.2 m/s2
d = vi*t + 0.5*a*t2
d = (18.5 m/s)*(2.47 s)+ 0.5*(11.2 m/s2)*(2.47 s)2
d = 45.7 m + 34.1 m
d = 79.8 m

Q9.A feather is dropped on the moon from a height of 1.40 meters. The
acceleration of gravity on the moon is 1.67 m/s2. Determine the time for the
feather to fall to the surface of the moon.

Given: Find:
vi = 0 m/s d = -1.40 m a = -1.67 m/s2 t = ??
d = vi*t + 0.5*a*t2
-1.40 m = (0 m/s)*(t)+ 0.5*(-1.67 m/s2)*(t)2
-1.40 m = 0+ (-0.835 m/s2)*(t)2
(-1.40 m)/(-0.835 m/s2) = t2
1.68 s2 = t2
t = 1.29 s

Q10.Rocket-powered sleds are used to test the human response to acceleration.

If a rocket-powered sled is accelerated to a speed of 444 m/s in 1.83 seconds,
then what is the acceleration and what is the distance that the sled travels?

Given: Find:
vi = 0 m/s vf = 444 m/s t = 1.83 s a = ??
d = ??
a = (Delta v)/t
a = (444 m/s - 0 m/s)/(1.83 s)
a = 243 m/s2
d = vi*t + 0.5*a*t2
d = (0 m/s)*(1.83 s)+ 0.5*(243 m/s2)*(1.83 s)2
d = 0 m + 406 m
d = 406 m
LAGRADA, JOSEPH ANGELO

Problem 1: A 5 kg object is at rest on a frictionless horizontal surface. A force of

20 N is applied to the object for 3 seconds.
a. What is the final velocity of the object?
b. What would be the final velocity if the force applied was 40 N?
c. How much time would it take for the object to reach a final velocity of 20
m/s if the applied force remains at 20 N?
Question A:
Given:
Mass (m) = 5 kg
Force (F) = 20 N
Time (t) = 3 s
Acceleration (a) = ?

We can calculate acceleration (a) using the formula a = F/m:

a = 20 N / 5 kg
a = 4 m/s²

Then we can calculate the final velocity (v) using the formula v = u + at, where u
is the initial velocity (which is zero because the object is at rest), a is
acceleration, and t is time:
v = 0 + (4 m/s² * 3 s)
v = 12 m/s

So, the final velocity of the object is 12 m/s.

Question B:
Given:
Mass (m) = 5 kg
Force (F) = 40 N
Time (t) = 3 s

We can calculate acceleration (a) using the formula a = F/m:

a = 40 N / 5 kg
a = 8 m/s²
Then we can calculate the final velocity (v) using the formula v = u + at, where u
is the initial velocity (which is zero because the object is at rest), a is
acceleration, and t is time:
v = 0 + (8 m/s² * 3 s)
v = 24 m/s

So, the final velocity of the object would be 24 m/s.

Question C:
Given:
Mass (m) = 5 kg
Force (F) = 20 N
Time (t) = ?
Acceleration (a) = ?

We can calculate acceleration (a) using the formula a = F/m:

a = 20 N / 5 kg
a = 4 m/s²

Then we can calculate the time (t) with the formula t = v – u / a, where u is the
initial velocity (which is zero because the object is at rest), a is acceleration, and
v is final velocity:
t = 20 m/s – 0 / 4 m/s²
t=5s
So, the time it would take the object is 5 s.

Problem 2: A car with a mass of 1500 kg is moving at a speed of 20 m/s. The

driver applies the brakes and the car comes to a stop in 10 seconds.
a. What is the force applied by the brakes and how far does the car travel
before it comes to a stop?
b. What would be the force if the car was moving at a speed of 30 m/s and
came to a stop in 15 seconds? How far would it travel before coming to a
stop?
c. How much time would it take for the car to come to a stop if it was moving
at a speed of 40 m/s and the force applied by the brakes was found to be
4000 N? How far would it travel in this time?
Question A:
Given:

Mass (m) = 1500 kg

Initial velocity (u) = 20 m/s
Final velocity (v) = 0 (as the car comes to a stop)
Time (t) = 10 s

We can calculate acceleration (a) using the formula a = (v - u) / t.

a = (0 - 20 m/s) / 10 s
a = -2 m/s²

Then we can calculate the force (F) using the formula F = ma:
F = 1500 kg * -2 m/s²
F = -3000 N
The negative sign indicates that the force is applied in the opposite direction to
the motion of the car. So, the force applied by the brakes is 3000 N.
To find out how far the car travels before it comes to a stop, we can use the
equation of motion: s = ut + 0.5at², where s is the distance traveled:
s = (20 m/s * 10 s) + 0.5 * (-2 m/s²) * (10 s)²
s = 200 m - 100 m
s = 100 m
So, the car travels 100 meters before it comes to a stop.

Question B:
Given:

Mass (m) = 1500 kg

Initial velocity (u) = 30 m/s
Time (t) = 15 s
We can calculate acceleration (a) using the formula a = (v - u) / t.
a = (0 - 30 m/s) / 15 s
a = -2 m/s²

Then we can calculate the force (F) using the formula F = ma:
F = 1500 kg * -2 m/s²
F = -3000 N

So, if the car was moving at a speed of 30 m/s and came to a stop in 15
seconds, the force applied by the brakes would still be 3000 N.

To find out how far this car travels before it comes to a stop:

s = (30 m/s * 15 s) + 0.5 * (-2 m/s²) * (15 s)²

s = 450 m - 225 m
s = 225 m

So, this car would travel 225 meters before it comes to a stop.

Question C:
Given:

Mass (m) = 1500 kg

Initial velocity (u) = 40 m/s
Force (F) = -4000 N (negative because it’s in the opposite direction of motion)

We can calculate acceleration (a) using the formula a = F/m

a = -4000 N / 1500 kg
a = -2.67 m/s²
The time (t) it takes for the car to come to a stop can be calculated using the
formula t = (v - u) / a, where v is the final velocity (which is zero because the car
comes to a stop)
t = (0 - 40 m/s) / -2.67 m/s²
t = 15 seconds

To find out how far the car travels before it comes to a stop, we can use the
equation of motion: s = ut + 0.5at², where s is the distance traveled:

s = (40 m/s * 15 s) + 0.5 * (-2.67 m/s²) * (15 s)²

s = 300 meters

So, it would take approximately 15 seconds for the car to come to a stop and it
would travel about 300 meters in this time.

Problem 3: A bike with a mass of 100 kg is moving forward with a velocity of 30

m/s. The biker makes a fast turn to the left and a force of 150 N is experienced
by the biker in the leftward direction for 1 second.
a. What is the final velocity of the biker and how far does the biker travel in
the leftward direction during this time?
b. How much time would it take for the biker to reach a final velocity of 3 m/s
in the leftward direction if the force experienced remains at 150 N? How
far would they travel in this time?
Question A:
Given:
Mass (m) = 100 kg
Force (F) = 150 N
Time (t) = 1 s
Initial velocity (u) = 30 m/s

We can calculate acceleration (a) using the formula a = F/m:

a = 150 N / 100 kg
a = 1.5 m/s²
Then we can calculate the final velocity in the leftward direction (v) using the
formula v = u + at, where u is the initial velocity (which is zero because the bike
was initially moving forward), a is acceleration, and t is time:
v = 0 + (1.5 m/s² * 1 s)
v = 1.5 m/s
So, the final velocity of the biker in the leftward direction is 1.5 m/s.
To find out how far the biker travels in the leftward direction during this time, we
can use the equation of motion: s = ut + 0.5at², where s is the distance traveled:
s = (0 * 1 s) + 0.5 * (1.5 m/s²) * (1 s)²
s = 0.75 meter
So, it travels 0.75 meter in the leftward direction.
Question B:
Given:

Mass (m) = 100 kg

Force (F) = 150 N
Initial velocity (u) = 0 (as the biker was initially moving forward)
Final velocity (v) = 3 m/s

We can calculate acceleration (a) using the formula a = F/m:

a = 150 N / 100 kg
a = 1.5 m/s²

The time (t) it takes for the biker to reach a final velocity of 3 m/s in the leftward
direction can be calculated using the formula t = (v - u) / a:
t = (3 m/s - 0) / 1.5 m/s²
t = 2 seconds

To find out how far the biker travels in the leftward direction during this time, we
can use the equation of motion: s = ut + 0.5at², where s is the distance traveled:

s = (0 * 2 s) + 0.5 * (1.5 m/s²) * (2 s)²

s = 3 meters

So, it would take 2 seconds for the biker to reach a final velocity of 3 m/s in the
leftward direction and they would travel 3 meters in this time.

Problem 4: A rocket with a mass of 1000 kg accelerates upwards at a rate of 50

m/s².
a. What is the upward force that the rocket engines must supply?
b. If the rocket’s engines are supplying an upward force of 75050 N, what
would be the acceleration of the rocket?
c. Using the upward force on Question B and the acceleration on the
problem, calculate the mass of the rocket.

Question A:
Given:

Mass (m) = 1000 kg

Acceleration (a) = 50 m/s²

We can calculate the force (F) using the formula F = ma:

F = 1000 kg * 50 m/s²
F = 50000 N
So, the upward force that the rocket engines must supply is 50000 N.
Question B:
Given:

Force (F) = 75050 N

Mass (m) = 1000 kg

We can calculate acceleration (a) using the formula a = F/m:

a = 75050 N / 1000 kg
a = 75.05 m/s²

So, if the rocket’s engines are supplying an upward force of 75050 N, the
acceleration of the rocket would be 75.05 m/s².

Question C:
Given:

Force (F) = 75050 N

Acceleration (a) = 50 m/s²

We can calculate the mass (m) using the formula m = F/a:

m = 75050 N / 50 m/s²
m = 1501 kg

Problem 5:
A 1 kg apple falls from a tree branch located 10 meters above the ground. How
much kinetic energy will the apple have right before it hits the ground? Ignore air
resistance.
Solution:
The apple’s potential energy at the start is converted into kinetic energy as it
falls. The potential energy (PE) is given by the formula:
PE = m ⋅ g ⋅ h
where:
m is the mass of the object,
g is the acceleration due to gravity, and
h is the height from which the object falls.

Substituting the given values:

PE = 1kg ⋅ 9.8 m/s² ⋅ 10m
PE =98J
So, right before the apple hits the ground, it will have a kinetic energy of 98
Joules. This is because all of its initial potential energy will have been converted
into kinetic energy.

Problem 6:
A 1500W electric heater is used to heat a room for 2 hours. How much energy in
joules does the heater use?
Solution:
The energy (E) used by an electric device is given by the formula:
E=P⋅t
where:
P is the power of the device, and
t is the time for which the device is used.

First, we need to convert the power to joules per second (1W = 1J/s):
P = 1500 W
P = 1500 J/s
Then we need to convert the time to seconds (1 hour = 3600 seconds):
T = 2 hours
T = 7200 s
Then we substitute these values into the formula:
E = 1500 J/s ⋅ 7200 s
E = 10800000 J
So, the heater uses 10,800,000 Joules of energy.

Problem 7:
You have a 500g block of ice at 0°C and you want to completely melt it. How
much energy in joules do you need?
Solution:
The energy (Q) needed to melt a substance is given by the formula:
Q = m ⋅ L_f
where:
m is the mass of the substance, and
L_f is the latent heat of fusion.

The latent heat of fusion of ice is 334 J/g.

Substituting the given values:
Q = 500 g ⋅ 334 J/g
Q = 167000 J
So, you need 167,000 Joules of energy to completely melt the 500g block of ice.

Problem 8:
You have a 1 kg pot of water at 100°C and you want to completely boil it. How
much energy in joules do you need?
Solution:
The energy (Q) needed to boil a substance is given by the formula:
Q = m ⋅ L_v
where:
m is the mass of the substance, and
L_v is the latent heat of vaporization.
The latent heat of vaporization of water is 2260 J/g. But since we have the mass
in kg, we need to convert it to grams (1 kg = 1000 g).
Substituting the given values:
Q = 1000 g ⋅ 2260 J/g
Q = 2260000 J
So, you need 2,260,000 Joules of energy to completely boil the 1 kg pot of water.

Problem 9:
You have a 200g block of aluminum at 20°C and you want to heat it to 100°C.
How much energy in joules do you need?
Solution:
The energy (Q) needed to heat a substance is given by the formula:
Q = m ⋅ c ⋅ ΔT
where:
m is the mass of the substance,
c is the specific heat capacity of the substance, and
ΔT is the change in temperature.

The specific heat capacity of aluminum is 0.903 J/g°C.

Substituting the given values:
Q = 200 g ⋅ 0.903 J/g°C ⋅ (100°C−20°C)
Q = 14454 J
So, you need 14,454 Joules of energy to heat the 200g block of aluminum from
20°C to 100°C.
Problem 10:
A 500g piece of an unknown metal is heated to 100°C and then dropped into
1000g of water at 20°C. The water and metal reach a final equilibrium
temperature of 25°C. The specific heat capacity of water is 4.18 J/g°C. How
much energy in joules did the metal lose, and what is the specific heat capacity
of the metal?
Solution:
The energy (Q) lost by the metal is equal to the energy gained by the water. This
can be calculated using the formula:
Q = m ⋅ c ⋅ ΔT
where:
m is the mass,
c is the specific heat capacity, and
ΔT is the change in temperature.

First, calculate the energy gained by the water:

Q = m ⋅ c ⋅ ΔT
Q = 1000 g ⋅ 4.18 J/g°C ⋅ (25°C−20°C)
Q = 20900 J

So, the metal must have lost 20,900 Joules of energy.

Next, calculate the specific heat capacity of the metal (c) using the formula:
c = Q / (m ⋅ΔT)
Substituting the given values:
c = 20900 J / (500 g ⋅ (100°C−25°C))
c = 1.6776J/g°C
So, the specific heat capacity of the metal is approximately 1.68 J/g°C.
LITERA, EIGHT IAN SEREVIN

1) A block of mass 5 kg is pulled along a rough surface by a force of 20 N. The

coefficient of
friction between the block and the surface is 0.3. Calculate the acceleration of the
block.

Answer: The force of friction acting on the block is given by the formula Ffriction
= μN, where μ is the coefficient of friction and N is the normal force (which is
equal to the weight of the block,since it is on a horizontal surface). Therefore,
Ffriction = 0.3 x (5 kg x 9.8 m/s²) = 14.7 N. The net force on the block is therefore
Fnet = 20 N - 14.7 N = 5.3 N. Using the formula Fnet = ma, we can find the
acceleration of the block: a = Fnet/m = 5.3 N / 5 kg = 1.06 m/s².

2) A ball is thrown horizontally off a cliff with a velocity of 20 m/s. If the cliff is 100
m high, how far from the base of the cliff will the ball land?

Answer: Since the ball is thrown horizontally, its initial vertical velocity is zero.
The only force acting on the ball is gravity, which causes it to accelerate
downwards with a constant acceleration of 9.8 m/s². We can use the formula d =
vit + 1/2at² to find the vertical distance the ball falls while it travels horizontally.
Since vi = 0, this simplifies to d = 1/2at² = 1/2 x 9.8 m/s² x
(10 s)² = 490 m. Therefore, the ball will land 490 m horizontally from the base of
the cliff.

3) A car travels at a constant speed of 20 m/s for 10 seconds, then accelerates at

a rate of 2 m/s² for 5 seconds, then decelerates at a rate of -4 m/s² for 5 seconds.
What is the total distance traveled by the car?

Answer: During the first 10 seconds, the car travels a distance of d1 = v × t = 20

m/s × 10 s = 200m. During the next 5 seconds, the car accelerates at a rate of 2
m/s², so its final velocity after this time is vf = vi + at = 20 m/s + 2 m/s² × 5 s = 30
m/s. The distance traveled during this time is d2 = (vi + vf)/2 × t = (20 m/s + 30
m/s)/2 × 5 s = 125 m. During the last 5 seconds, the car
decelerates at a rate of -4 m/s², so its final velocity decreases to 10 m/s. The
distance traveled during this time is d3 = (vf + vi)/2 × t = (10 m/s + 30 m/s)/2 × 5 s
= 100 m. Therefore, the total distance traveled by the car is d = d1 + d2 + d3 =
200 m + 125 m + 100 m = 425 m.

4) A 1 kg object is held at rest on an inclined plane that makes an angle of 30°

with the horizontal. What is the force required to keep the object from sliding
down the plane?

Answer: The force required to keep the object from sliding down the plane is
equal and opposite to the force of gravity that is acting to pull the object down the
plane. The force of gravity is given by Fg = mg, where m is the mass of the object
and g is the acceleration due to gravity (9.8
m/s²). The force that is acting perpendicular to the plane (the normal force) is
equal to the component of the force of gravity that is perpendicular to the plane,
which is given by Fn = mgsinθ, where θ is the angle of the plane with respect to
the horizontal. Therefore, the force required to keep the object from sliding down
the plane is F = mgcosθ. Plugging in the values, we get F = 1 kg × 9.8 m/s² × cos
30° = 8.5 N.

5) A 2 kg ball is attached to a string and swung in a circle with a radius of 1 m. If

the ball makes one revolution in 2 seconds, what is the tension in the string?

Answer: The force that keeps the ball moving in a circle is the tension in the
string, which acts towards the center of the circle and provides the centripetal
force. The formula for centripetal force is F = mv²/r, where m is the mass of the
ball, v is its speed (which is equal to the circumference of the circle divided by the
time it takes to make one revolution), and r is the radius of the circle. Therefore, v
= 2πr/t = 2π × 1 m / 2 s = π m/s. Plugging in the values, we get F = 2 kg × (π
m/s)² / 1 m = 9.87 N.

6) A bullet with a mass of 0.05 kg is fired from a rifle with a velocity of 400 m/s. If
the bullet is brought to rest by a target with a mass of 10 kg, what is the velocity
of the target?

Answer: Since momentum is conserved in this interaction (assuming that there

are no external forces acting on the system), the momentum of the bullet must be
transferred to the target. The momentum of the bullet is given by p = mv, where
m is the mass of the bullet and v is its velocity. Therefore, the initial momentum
of the system is p1 = m1v1 = 0.05 kg × 400 m/s = 20
kg m/s. When the bullet hits the target and comes to rest, the final momentum of
the system is p2= m2v2, where m2 is the mass of the target and v2 is its velocity
(which is what we want to find).

Since momentum is conserved, we can equate the initial and final momenta: p1 =
p2, which gives 20 kg m/s = 0 kg m/s + 10 kg × v2. Solving for v2, we get v2 =
20/10 = 2 m/s.

7) An object with a mass of 2 kg is lifted to a height of 5 m. What is the

gravitational potential energy of the object?

Answer: The gravitational potential energy of an object is given by the formula Ug

= mgh, where m is the mass of the object, g is the acceleration due to gravity (9.8
m/s²), and h is the height above a reference level (which is usually taken to be
the ground). Therefore, the gravitational potential energy of the object in this
case is Ug = 2 kg × 9.8 m/s² × 5 m = 98 J.
8) An electric motor can lift a load of 2000 N to a height of 20 m in 30 seconds.
What is the power of the motor?

Answer: The power of the motor is the rate at which it does work, which is equal
to the force it applies times the distance it moves the load in a given time. The
work done is given by W = Fd, where F is the force exerted by the motor and d is
the distance the load is lifted. Therefore, the power of the motor is P = W/t = Fd/t.
Plugging in the values, we get P = (2000 N) × (20 m) / 30 s = 1333 W.

9) A spring with a spring constant of 100 N/m is compressed by 0.1 m. How

much potential energy is stored in the spring?

Answer: The potential energy stored in a spring is given by the formula Us =

(1/2)kx², where k is the spring constant and x is the distance the spring is
compressed or stretched from its equilibrium length. Therefore, the potential
energy stored in the spring in this case is Us = (1/2) × 100 N/m × (0.1 m)² = 0.5 J.

10) A car of mass 1000 kg traveling at a speed of 20 m/s collides head-on with
another car of mass 1500 kg traveling at a speed of 15 m/s in the opposite
direction. After the collision, the two cars stick together and move as a single
unit. What is their final velocity?

Answer: In this case, we can use the conservation of momentum to determine

the final velocity of the combined system. The initial momentum of the system is
the sum of the momenta of the two cars, which are in opposite directions.
Therefore, the initial momentum is p1 = m1v1 - m2v2 = 1000 kg × 20 m/s - 1500
kg × 15 m/s = 5000 kg m/s. After the collision, the two cars stick together and
move as a single unit, so their final velocity is the same. Let&#39;s call this final
velocity v. The final momentum of the system is the product of the total mass of
the two cars and their final velocity: p2 = (m1 + m2)v. Since momentum must be
conserved, we can equate p1 and p2:
p1 = p2, which gives 5000 kg m/s = (1000 kg + 1500 kg) × v. Solving for v, we
get v = 5000 kg m/s / 2500 kg = 2 m/s. Therefore, the final velocity of the
combined system is 2 m/s.
LLANETA, NATHANIEL
1. a car travel at a 60 km/h for 2hours. How far has it traveled?
This is the formula used for problems related to Velocity.
v = average velocity
x = displacement
t = change in time
Therefore the speed or velocity of the car is=120km/h.

2.a car accelerates from rest to 100km/h in 20 seconds what is the acceleration
Vf = vi + a t
vf = final velocity
vi = initial velocity
a = acceleration
t = elapsed time
100km/h = 0.005556 h. a
Therefor the acceleration is 1.7999.km/h

3.a 2 kg object is lifted to height of 10 m. what is the potential energy

U=mgh
U=Gravitational energy
m=Mass
h =Height
g =gravitational acceleration constant
U = 2 kg • 9.81 m/s² • 10m
Therefore the max potential enegy is U = 196.2J

4.a train travel 200 km in 5 hours. What is the average speed of the train?
V = average velocity
X = Displacement
T = Change in time
x = 200 km t = 5 h = 40km/h
Therefoe the average speed of train is 40km/h

5. a car accelerates from rest to 80 km/h in 15 seconds. what is the acceleration

Vf = vi + a t
Vf = Final velocity
Vi = Initial velocity
a = Acceleration
t= Elapsed time
80 km/h = 0.004167 h • a = 19199 km/h²
Therefore the acceleration is 19199 km/h²

6. a box is pushed with a force of 50 n across a floor for distance of 10 m. how

much work was done
W=Fs
W = Work
F = Force
S = Displacement
W = 50 N • 10 m = W = 500 J
Solution = W = 500 J
7.a 10 kg object is lifted to a height of 5 m. what is the potential energy.
U=mgh
U = Gravitational energy
m = Mass
h = Height
g =gravitational acceleration constant
m = 10kg h = 5m = 490.5 J
Therefore the potential energy is 490.5 J

8. a mass of 5 kg is pulled with a force of 10 n. what is the acceleration

F =m a
F = Force
M = Mass of an object
a = acceleration
10 N = 5 kg • a = 2m/s²
Therefore the acceleration is 2 m/s²

9.a 100 N force is applied to a 10 kg object. What is the acceleration of the

object
F=ma
F = Force
m = Mass of an object
a = Acceleration
100 N = 10 kg • a = 10 m/s²
Therefore the acceleration is 10 m/s²
10. a car travel at a speed of 80 km/h for 4 hours. how far it traveled
V = Average velocity
X = Displacement
T = Change in time
4 h • 80 km/h = 320 km
Therefore the speed or velocity of the car is 320 km
MAMARIL, JOSEPH JR.

Kinematics
1. A car accelerates uniformly from rest to 60 mph in 5 seconds. What is the car’s
acceleration?
**Solution:**
We can use the following equation to solve for the car’s acceleration:
A = (v_f – v_i) / t
Where:
* a is the acceleration
* v_f is the final velocity
* v_i is the initial velocity
* t is the time

A = (60 mph – 0 mph) / 5 s = 12 mph/s

Therefore, the car’s acceleration is 12 mph/s.

2. A ball is thrown vertically upward with an initial velocity of 20 m/s. How high
does
the ball reach?
**Solution:**
We can use the following equation to solve for the ball’s maximum height:
H = v_i^2 / 2g
Where:
* h is the maximum height
* v_i is the initial velocity
* g is the acceleration due to gravity

H = 20 m/s^2 / 2 * 9.81 m/s^2 = 20.41 m

Therefore, the ball reaches a maximum height of 20.41 m.

Dynamics
3. A 10 kg block is pushed with a force of 20 N. What is the block’s acceleration?
**Solution:**
We can use Newton’s second law of motion to solve for the block’s acceleration:
F = ma
Where:
* F is the net force
* m is the mass
* a is the acceleration
20 N = 10 kg * a

A = 20 N / 10 kg = 2 m/s^2
Therefore, the block’s acceleration is 2 m/s^2.

4. A 20 kg box is sliding down a ramp at an angle of 30 degrees. What is the

box’s
acceleration?
**Solution:**
We can use the following equation to solve for the box’s acceleration:
A = g * sin(theta)
Where:
* a is the acceleration
* g is the acceleration due to gravity
* theta is the angle of the ramp
A = 9.81 m/s^2 * sin(30 degrees) = 4.91 m/s^2

Therefore, the box’s acceleration is 4.91 m/s^2.

Work and Energy

5. A 10 kg box is lifted vertically upward a distance of 20 meters. How much work
is
done?
**Solution:**
We can use the following equation to solve for the work done:
W=F*d
Where:
* W is the work done
* F is the force
* d is the distance
In this case, the force is equal to the weight of the box, which is 98.1 N.

W = 98.1 N * 20 m = 1962 J
Therefore, 1962 J of work is done.

6. A 20 kg box is sliding down a ramp at an angle of 30 degrees. If the box slides

a
distance of 10 meters, how much kinetic energy does it have at the bottom of the
ramp?
**Solution:**
We can use the following equation to solve for the kinetic energy of the box:
KE = 1⁄2 * mv^2
Where:
* KE is the kinetic energy
* m is the mass
* v is the velocity

At the bottom of the ramp, the box’s potential energy has been converted into
kinetic
energy. Therefore, the box’s kinetic energy is equal to the work done on the box
by gravity.
The work done by gravity is equal to the force of gravity multiplied by the
distance the box
slides:
W = F_g * d = mg * sin(theta) * d
KE = 1⁄2 * mv^2 = mg * sin(theta) * d

Circular Motion
7. Problem: A car is traveling around a circular track with a radius of 50 m at a
speed of
20 m/s. What is the centripetal acceleration of the car?
Solution:
Centripetal acceleration:
Ac = v^2 / r = 20 m/s^2 / 50 m = 8.0 m/s^2

8. Problem: A yo-yo is spinning at a rate of 10 revolutions per second. The radius

of the

yo-yo is 0.20 m. What is the centripetal acceleration of a point on the edge of the
yo-
yo?

Solution:
Centripetal acceleration:
Ac = v^2 / r = (2 * pi * 10 rev/s * 0.20 m)^2 / 0.20 m = 400 pi^2 m/s^2

Dynamics
9. Problem:Rocket-powered sleds are used to test the human response to
acceleration. If a rocket-powered sled is accelerated to a speed of 444 m/s in
1.83
seconds, then what is the acceleration and what is the distance that the sled
travels?
Solution:
Acceleration:
A = 444 m/s / 1.83 s = 243 m/s^2
Distance traveled:
D = 444 m/s * 1.83 s = 809 m

10.Problem: A 50 kg box is pushed across a rough floor with a force of 100 N. If

the
coefficient of kinetic friction between the box and the floor is 0.2, what is the
acceleration of the box?
Solution:
Net force:
Fnet = 100 N – 50 kg * 0.2 * 9.81 m/s^2 = 68.1 N
Acceleration:
A = Fnet / m = 68.1 N / 50 kg = 1.36 m/s^2
MESTIDIO, JOHN RHEY

1.Which of the following is equivalent to 5 µm/ns?

Ans: 5 x 103 m/s

2. A physical quantity that is completely described by its magnitude

Ans: Scalar

3. A piece of silicon wafer measures 10.2 mm x 6.5mm x2.8 mm. Following the
correct number of significant figures, what is the volume of the silicon wafer?
Ans: 190 mm3

4.It is a chance in position with respect to a reference point.

Ans: Motion

5. Vector R has a magnitude of 36 units directed 30˚ from the +y – axis of a

Cartesian plane. What are the x- and y-components of the vector?
Ans: Rx = -18units, Ry = 31 units

6.Which of the following is NOT a vector quantity?

Ans: Mass

7. A 12kg block slides down a 24o incline. If the coefficient of friction between the
block and the incline is 0.2, determine the acceleration of the block as it slides
down the incline
Ans: 2.2ms2

8. If a 15kg object is subjected to a force of 175N to the east and another force of
1020N to the west, what is the object’s acceleration?
Ans: 56m/s2

9. What is meant by weight?

Ans: Weight is a measurement of the force of gravity exerted on a body

10. A boy kicks a box, giving it a speed of 6.0 m/s. The box slows down to a stop
after travelling a distance of 3.0 m. What is the acceleration of the box?
Ans: 6.0 m/s2
MONTE, RALPH LAUREN

1. A car travels at a constant speed of 60 km/h. How far will it travel in 2 hours?
Solution: Distance = Speed × Time = 60 km/h × 2 h = 120 km

2. An object falls freely from a height of 45 meters. What is its final velocity just
before hitting the ground?
Solution: Final Velocity = √(2 × acceleration × height) = √(2 × 9.8 m/s² × 45 m)
≈ 33.4 m/s

3. A ball is thrown vertically upwards with an initial velocity of 20 m/s. How high
will it go?
Solution: Maximum height = (Initial Velocity²) / (2 × acceleration due to gravity)
= (20 m/s)² / (2 × 9.8 m/s²) ≈ 20.4 m

4. A bicycle accelerates from rest to a speed of 15 m/s in 5 seconds. What is its

acceleration?
Solution: Acceleration = (Final Velocity - Initial Velocity) / Time = (15 m/s - 0
m/s) / 5 s = 3 m/s²

5. A bullet is fired horizontally with a velocity of 500 m/s. How far will it travel in 3
seconds?
Solution: Distance = Velocity × Time = 500 m/s × 3 s = 1500 m

6. A block with a mass of 2 kg is pushed with a force of 10 N. What is its

acceleration?
Solution: Acceleration = Net Force / Mass = 10 N / 2 kg = 5 m/s²

7. A pendulum swings back and forth with a period of 2 seconds. What is its
frequency?
Solution: Frequency = 1 / Period = 1 / 2 s = 0.5 Hz
8. A rocket accelerates at a rate of 25 m/s². How fast will it be traveling after 10
seconds?
Solution: Final Velocity = Initial Velocity + (Acceleration × Time) = 0 m/s + (25
m/s² × 10 s) = 250 m/s

9. A train travels a distance of 400 meters in 20 seconds. What is its average

speed?
Solution: Average Speed = Distance / Time = 400 m / 20 s = 20 m/s

10. A marble rolls down a ramp with an acceleration of 4 m/s². What is its initial
velocity?
Solution: Initial Velocity = √(Final Velocity² - 2 × acceleration × distance) = √(0²
- 2 × 4 m/s² × 5 m) ≈ -4 m/s
MOYA, KARTHCAREVIN

1.Acceleration due to gravity measured in Gal is equal to _

Answer: 1 cm/s2.

2.A train of 150 meters long is going towards north direction at a speed of 10
m/s. A parrot flies at the speed of 5 m/s towards south direction parallel to the
railway track. The time taken by the parrot to cross the train is
a. 12 sec.
b. 8 sec
c. 15 sec
d. 10 sec

Answer: D.

3. What is the formula for velocity?

Answer: Velocity = frequency x wavelength.

4. The ratio of the dimension of Planck’s constant and that of the moment of
inertia is the dimension of
a.time
b. frequency
c. angular momentum
d. velocity

Answer: B.

5.The vacant space of a solid’s, electronic energy level is _

Answer: Hole.

6. In a vernier caliper N divisions of vernier scale coincides with (N – 1) divisions

of main scale (in which length of one division is 1 mm). The least count of the
instrument should be
a. N
b. N – 1
c. 1/10 N
d.1/N – 1

Answer: C.

7. In a particular system, the unit of length, mass and time are chosen to be 10
cm, 10 g and 0.1 s respectively. The unit of force in this system will be equivalent
to
a 0.1 N
b. 1 N
c.10 N
d. 100 N

Answer: A.

8. The density of a cube is measured by measuring its mass and length of its
sides. If the maximum error in the measurement of mass and length are 4% and
3% respectively, the maximum error in the measurement of density will
a. 7%
b. 9%
c.12%
d. 13%

Answer: D.

9. What is the energy equivalent of the mass of an electron?

Answer: Mass of an electron = 0.0511 eV.

10.What is called the frequency of a sound when it is more than 20000 Hz?

Answer: Ultrasonic sound.

NANTES, MARVIN
1. What happens according to Newton if you let an untied balloon go?

Answer.(3rd LawAir will rush out of the balloon forcing the balloon to move
through the air in the opposite direction, but equal in force).

2. Describe what happens if you are riding a skateboard and hit something (like a
curb) with the front wheels.

Answer. (1st LawYour body will keep moving forward and fly off your skateboard
since the curb only stops the board, not yourself.)

3. Describe what happens if you try and push Mr. Larson. What happens if he
pushes back?

Answer. (2nd LawIf you put force on Mr. Larson, force will be put back on you.
Because of Mr. Larson’s mass, you most likely will not have enough force to
make him accelerate. If Mr. Larson pushed you, you most likely would move in
the direction of the force since he has more mass).

4. Describe why you hold your gun next to your shoulder while deer hunting.

Answer. (3rdLawWhen you pull the gun’s trigger, it forces the bullet out of the
gun, but at the same time, the gun is forced in the opposite direction of the bullet
(towards you). Your shoulder is a new force that is introduced in order to keep
your gun from flying away from you).

5. What is another name for the first law of motion? Why is it given that name?

Answer (Law of inertia.)

6. An African elephant can reach heights of 13 feet and possess a mass of as

much as 6000 kg. Determine the weight of an African elephant in Newtons and in
pounds.

(Given: 1.00 N = .225 pounds)

Answer (58800 N or 13230 lb)

7. A walker goes 1000 m the direction 30 degrees North of East, then 2000 m in
the SouthWest direction. The trip takes 30 minutes.Find the displacement, way
length, average velocity and average speed.
Solution:
The displacement is given by
𝐝 = 𝒓01 + 𝒓12, where 𝒓01
= (𝑟01,𝑥, 𝑟01,𝑦)
= (𝑟01 cos 30°, 𝑟01 sin 30°)
= (1000√32, 100012) = (500√3, 500) m𝒓12
= (𝑟12,𝑥, 𝑟12,𝑦)
= (−𝑟12 cos 45°, −𝑟12 sin 45°)
= (−2000√22, − 2000√22)
= (−1000√2, − 1000√2, )
Better is to write
𝒓12 = (𝑟12,𝑥, 𝑟12,𝑦)
= (𝑟12 cos 125°, 𝑟12 sin 125°)
= (2000 (−√22))2) , 2000 (−√2= (−1000√2, − 1000√2, ) m that gives the same
result.
Now,𝐝 = (𝑟01,𝑥 + 𝑟12,𝑥, 𝑟01,𝑦 + 𝑟12,𝑦)
= (500√3 − 1000√2, 500 − 1000√2)≈ (−548.2, −914.2) m
The distance is given by
𝑑 = |𝐝| = √𝑑𝑥2 + 𝑑𝑦2 = √(−548.2)2 + (−914.2)2 ≈ 1066 m
The length of the trajectory is𝑤 = 𝑟01 + 𝑟12 = 1000 + 2000 = 3000 m.
The velocity:𝐯 =∆𝐫∆𝑡=𝐝∆𝑡=(−548.2, −914.2)30 × 60 = (−548.230 × 60 ,−914.230
× 60) = (… , … ) m/s.
The magnitude of the average velocity:𝑣 = |𝐯| =𝑑∆𝑡=106630 × 60 = 0.59 m/s.
The average speed:∆𝑡=3000𝑠 =𝑤30 × 60 = 1.67 m/s > 𝑣.

8. A car started moving from rest with a constant acceleration. At some moment
of time, it covered the distance 𝑥 and reached the speed 𝑣. Find the acceleration
and the time

Solution. The formulas for the motion with constant acceleration read𝑣 = 𝑎𝑡, 𝑥
=12𝑎𝑡2, where we have taken into account that the motion starts from rest (all
initial values are zero).
If 𝑣 and 𝑥 are given, this is a system of two equations with the unknowns 𝑎 and 𝑡.
This system of equations can be solved in different ways.

First method. For instance, one can express the time from the first equation, 𝑡 =
𝑣/𝑎, and substitute it to the second equation,)2=𝑣2𝑥 =12𝑎 (𝑣2𝑎.
From this single equation for 𝑎 one finds𝑎 =𝑣22𝑥.
Now, one finds the time as𝑣2/(2𝑥)=2𝑥𝑡 =𝑣𝑎=𝑣𝑣.
Second method. Also, one can relate 𝑥 to 𝑣 as follows𝑥 =12𝑎𝑡 × 𝑡 =12𝑣𝑡.
After that one finds𝑡 =2𝑥𝑣,and, further,2𝑥/𝑣=𝑣2𝑎 =𝑣𝑡=𝑣2𝑥.

9. Newton’s laws of motion can be used to determine the Reaction forces on a

body?

Answer. (Third Law of motion)

10. Newton’s laws of motion can be used to calculate the force on a body?

Answer (Second Law of motion)

ODISTE, JAMES BRYAN

Scientific notation
1. Convert 0.0000768 to scientific notation.
0.0000768 = 7.68 x 10^-5

2. Convert 7.43 x 10^3 to standard notation.

7.43 x 10^3 = 7,430

Measurements
3. John wants to bake a cake and needs 2 cups of sugar. How many grams of
sugar does he need if 1 cup of sugar is equal to 200 grams?

Solution:
1 cup of sugar = 200 grams
2 cups of sugar = 2 x 200 grams
2 cups of sugar = 400 grams
Therefore, John needs 400 grams of sugar.

4. The length of a room is 10 meters, what is the length of the room in

centimeters?

Solution:
1 meter = 100 centimeters
10 meters = 10 x 100 centimeters
10 meters = 1000 centimeters
Therefore, the length of the room in centimeters is 1000 centimeters.

5. A recipe calls for 2 1/2 tablespoons of oil. How many milliliters of oil is needed
if 1 tablespoon is equal to 15 milliliters?

Solution:
1 tablespoon = 15 milliliters
2 1/2 tablespoons = (2 x 15) + (1/2 x 15)
2 1/2 tablespoons = 30 + 7.5
2 1/2 tablespoons = 37.5 milliliters
Therefore, 37.5 milliliters of oil is needed.

Law of Motion
6. A car of mass 1000 kg is traveling at 50 m/s. Calculate the force required to
bring the car to a complete stop in 20 seconds.

Solution:
u = 50 m/s
v = 0 m/s
t = 20 s
Acceleration, a = (v - u) / t = (0 - 50) / 20 = -2.5 m/s^2 (negative sign suggests
deceleration)

Using Newton's second law of motion, F = ma

F = 1000 kg x (-2.5 m/s^2)
F = -2500 N

Therefore, the force required to bring the car to a complete stop in 20 seconds is
2500 N.

7. An object of mass 5 kg is initially at rest. If a force of 20 N acts on the object

for 10 seconds, calculate the final velocity of the object.

Solution:
m = 5 kg
u = 0 m/s
F = 20 N
t = 10 s

Using Newton's second law of motion, F = ma

a=F/m
a = 20 N / 5 kg
a = 4 m/s^2

Using the third law of motion, we can relate force and acceleration to velocity.

v = u + at
v = 0 + 4 m/s^2 x 10 s
v = 40 m/s

Therefore, the final velocity of the object is 40 m/s.

8. A spring with a force constant of 200 N/m is compressed by 0.1 m. If a 2 kg
object is placed on it, calculate the acceleration of the object when the spring is
released.

Solution:
k = 200 N/m
x = 0.1 m
m = 2 kg

Using Hooke's Law, F = -kx (negative sign indicates the force acts in the opposite
direction to the compression)

F = -kx = -200 N/m x 0.1 m

F = -20 N
Using Newton's second law of motion, F = ma
-20 N = 2 kg x a
a = -10 m/s^2

Therefore, the acceleration of the object when the spring is released is -10
m/s^2.

Kinematics (Distance and Displacement)

8. A car travels along a straight road for 2 hours at a speed of 60 miles per hour.
What is the distance it travels, and what is its displacement?
Formula:
Distance = Speed x Time
Solution:
Distance = 60 mph x 2 hours = 120 miles

Displacement is the change in position of an object from its initial to final position.
Since the car travels along a straight road, its displacement is equal to the
distance it travels, which is 120 miles.

9. A person walks 5 meters to the east, then turns around and walks 8 meters to
the west. What is the total distance traveled, and what is the displacement?
Solution:
Total distance = 5 meters + 8 meters = 13 meters

Displacement is the difference between the initial and final positions, in terms of
distance and direction. In this case, the displacement is:

Displacement = (Final position - Initial position) = (-3 meters)

The negative sign indicates that the person moved to the west, which is the
opposite direction from the initial position.

10. A train travels from station A to station B, which are 100 kilometers apart. The
train first travels 80 kilometers at a speed of 50 km/h and then slows down to 30
km/h for the remaining distance. What is the total time taken by the train to reach
station B?

To solve this problem, we can use the formula:

Formula
Time = Distance ÷ Speed
Solution:
Time = 80 km ÷ 50 km/h = 1.6 hours
Time = 20 km ÷ 30 km/h = 0.67 hours
Total time = 1.6 hours + 0.67 hours = 2.27 hours

Therefore, the train takes 2.27 hours to travel from station A to station B.
PASCUAL, MON ARCHIE

1. Scientific notation is mostly used when dealing with large quantities or

numbers

containing many digits since it shortens the notation.

Answer: Scientific Notation

2. Write 650,000,000 in Scientific Notation.

Answer: 6.5X10^8.

3. How many significant figures does the following number have? 470000

Answer: 2

4. How many significant figures does the following number have? 4.57 x 10⁷

Answer: 3

5. Inches are in 45.6 cm? (There are 2.54cm in 1 inch)

Answer: 18.0 inches

6. Approximately how many hours are there in 21 years

Answer: 184,086

7. Tendency of an object to resist change in motion.

Answer: Inertia

8. It is the change in position with respect to a reference point.

Answer: Motion

9. It is refers to the total path traveled by a body.

Answer: Distance

10. What is the amount of matter in an object?

Answer: Mass
PESTANO, MARK JAMES

Question
1.When you describe an object's speed, you often describe the average over a
time period. Average speed, vavg, is the distance traveled divided by the time
during which the motion occurs?

Answer
vavg=distancetime

You can, of course, rearrange the equation to solve for either distance or time

time = distancevavg.

distance = vavg × time

Suppose, for example, a car travels 150 kilometers in 3.2 hours. Its average
speed for the trip is

A car's speed would likely increase and decrease many times over a 3.2 hour
trip. Its speed at a specific instant in time, however, is its instantaneous speed. A
car's speedometer describes its instantaneous speed.

A drawing is shown of a house on the left and a store on the right. The distance
between the two is labeled three kilometers. A double-arrow vector between the
house and the store is labeled with the equation change in d total equals zero.
Figure 2.8 During a 30-minute round trip to the store, the total distance traveled
is 6 km. The average speed is 12 km/h. The displacement for the round trip is
zero, because there was no net change in position.
WORKED EXAMPLE
Calculating Average Speed
A marble rolls 5.2 m in 1.8 s. What was the marble's average speed?
STRATEGY
We know the distance the marble travels, 5.2 m, and the time interval, 1.8 s. We
can use these values in the average speed equation.
Discussion
Average speed is a scalar, so we do not include direction in the answer. We can
check the reasonableness of the answer by estimating: 5 meters divided by 2
seconds is 2.5 m/s. Since 2.5 m/s is close to 2.9 m/s, the answer is reasonable.
This is about the speed of a brisk walk, so it also makes sense.

Question
2. A pitcher throws a baseball from the pitcher’s mound to home plate in 0.46 s.
The distance is 18.4 m. What was the average speed of the baseball?

Answer
40 m/s
- 40 m/s
0.03 m/s
Question
3.What is an example of a speed problem in physics?
Answer
For example, suppose a car travels a distance of 100 km. The first 50 km it
travels 30 km/h and the second 50 km it travels at 60 km/h. Its average speed
would be distance /(time interval) = (100 km)/[(50 km)/(30 km/h) + (50 km)/(60
km/h)] = 40 km/h.
Question
4.What is speed in physics simple?

Answer
Speed is defined as. The rate of change of position of an object in any direction.
Speed is measured as the ratio of distance to the time in which the distance was
covered. Speed is a scalar quantity as it has only direction and no magnitude.

Question
5.When a runner jogs 12 km north then turns and runs 16 km east in 3 hours?
Answer
A runner jogs 12km north then turns & runs 16km east in 3 hour. (A) We can find
the displacement of the runner from the Pythagorean theorem: d = d x 2 + d y 2 =
( 16 k m ) 2 + ( 12 k m ) 2 = 20 k m .

6. Question: Who is credited with the discovery of the theory of relativity?

Answer: Albert Einstein is credited with the discovery of the theory of relativity,
which includes both the special and general theories of relativity.

7. Question: What is the fundamental particle that carries an electric charge in

an atom?
Answer: The electron is the fundamental particle that carries an electric charge
in an atom.

8. Question: What is the term for the force that opposes the relative motion or
tendency of such motion of two surfaces in contact?
Answer: The force that opposes relative motion is called friction.

9. Question: What is the principle that explains the buoyant force exerted on an
object immersed in a fluid?
Answer: Archimedes' Principle explains the buoyant force and states that it is
equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.

10. Question: What is the law that describes the relationship between the
pressure and volume of a gas at a constant temperature?
Answer: Boyle's Law describes the relationship between the pressure and
volume of a gas at a constant temperature, stating that they are inversely
proportional.
PIOPONGCO, LEMUEL

1. A car travels at a constant speed of 25 m/s for 10 seconds. How far does
it travel?
Answer: The car covers a distance of 250 meters.

2. Problem**: Calculate the weight of a 50 kg mass on Earth.

Answer: The weight is 490 N (Newtons).

3. A 500 N force is applied to a 100 kg object. What is its acceleration?

Answer: The acceleration is 5 m/s.

4. A 30 kg object is pushed with a 150 N force. What is the coefficient of

friction if it accelerates at 2 m/s²?
Answer: The coefficient of friction is 0.2.

5. A ball with a mass of 0.2 kg is swung in a circle with a radius of 1 meter. If

it experiences a centripetal force of 4 N, what is its speed?
Answer: The speed is 4 m/s.

6. If a 1000 J of energy is supplied to a machine, and it does 800 J of work,

how much energy is wasted?
Answer: 200 J of energy is wasted.

7. In a circuit with a 12V battery, a 3-ohm resistor, and a 2-ohm resistor in

series, what is the total resistance?
Answer: The total resistance is 5 ohms.

8. It is the amount of matter in an object. It tells us about the heaviness of an

object
Answer: Mass

9. It measures the total movement of an object without any regard to

direction.
Answer: Distance

10. It is the tendency of all objects to resist any change in motion.

Answer: Inertia
SANTOS, JESTER

1. Problem. A car covers a distance of 150 kilometers in 2 hours. Calculate

its average speed.
Solution:

Average Speed = Total Distance/Total Time

Average Speed = 150km/2 hours = 75km/h

2. Problem. A car travels at a constant speed of 30 m/s for 2 hours. How far
does it travel?
Solution:

Distance = Speed x Time

Distance = 30 m/s x (2 hours x 3600 seconds/hour) = 216,000 meters or
216 kilometers.

3. Problem. A 300 g object is placed on a table. Calculate its weight. (Use \

(g = 9.8 m/s =2.94 N.
Solution:

Weight = Mass x Gravity

Weight = 0.3 kg x 9.8 m/s = 2.94 N

4. Problem. An object travels a distance of 40 meters in 5 seconds. Calculate

its average speed.
Solution:

Average Speed = Total Distance / Total Time

Average Speed =40 m / 5s = 8 m/s

5. Problem. A 2 kg object is lifted to a height of 5 meters. Calculate the

potential energy gained. (Use \(g = 9.8 m/s\))
Solution:

Potential Energy = Mass x Gravity x Height

Potential Energy = 2 kg x 9.8 m/s x 5 m = 98 J (Joules)

6. Problem. Convert a time of 2 hours into seconds.

Solution:

2 hours is equal to 7,200 seconds because 1 hour is equal to 3,600

seconds, so 2 hours x 3,600 seconds/hours = 7,200 seconds.

7. Problem. If the speed of a car is 90 kilometers per hour, what is speed in

meters per seconds?
Solution:

The speed of the car in meters per seconds is 25 m/s because 1 kilometer
is equal to 1000 meters, so 90 km/h x (1000 m/km) / 3600 s/h = 25 m/s.

8. Problem. If an object travels a distance of 500 meters in 20 seconds, what

is its average speed in meters per second?
Solution:

Average Speed = distance / time = 500 m / 20 s = 25 m/s.

9. Problem. If a car travels a distance of 150 kilometers in 2 hours, what is its

average speed in kilometers per hour?
Solution:

Average Speed = distance / time = 150 km/ 2 hours = 75 km/h.

10. Problem. The density of an object is 5 grams per cubic centimeter. What is
its density in kilograms per cubic meter?
Solution:

Density = 500 kg/m because 1 gram is equal to 0.0001 kilograms, and 1

cubic centimeter is equal to 0.000001 cubic meters, so 5 g/cm = 5 x 0.001
kg / (0.000001 m) = 5000 kg/m.
SANGREO, JHONDALE

1. Electric current may be expressed in which one of the following units?

Answer: Coulombs/Second

2. A Newton is equal to which of the following?

Answer: Kilogram-meter Per Second Squared

3. For an object moving in uniform circular motion, the direction of the

instantaneous acceleration vector is:

Answer: Directed Radially Inward

4. The work done by a friction force is:

Answer: Always Negative

5. As defined in physics, work is:

Answer: A Scalar Quantity

6. A boy throws a ball vertically upward with a velocity of 6 meters per

second. How long Does it take the ball to return to the boy’s hand?

Answer: 1.22 Seconds

7. In physics, a radian per second is a unit of:

Answer: Angular Velocity

8. Multiple Choice: If the resultant force acting on a body of constant mass is

zero, the body’s momentum Is:

Answer: Constant
9. The force acting between two point charges can be computed using which

of the Following laws?

Answer: Coulomb’s Law

10. What is Dark Energy?

Answer: An unknown form of energy hypothesized to permeate all of

space
SENIDO, NEIL ADRIAN

1. Who developed the theory of inertia?

answer: Galileo Galilei

2. The branch that deals with the motion of bodies without concerning its cause is
called?
answer: Kinematics

3. What are the 3 main types of inertia?

answer: inertia of direction, inertia of rest and inertia of motion

4. The branch that examines forces and their impacts on motion is called?
answer: Dynamics

5. When a bus suddenly takes a turn, the passengers are thrown outwards
because of?
answer: inertia of direction

6. Which of Newton's laws of motion specifically explains the concept of inertia?

answer: Newton's first law

7. The property of a object at rest to remain at rest is known as?

answer: inertia

8. when to remove the dust particles the mat is hit with the stick or against the
wall?
answer: inertia of rest

9. The ________ of an object depends on the mass of the object and the amount
of force applied.
answer: accelaration
10. This is the displacement per unit time and has a specific direction?
answer: velocity
SISON, NORJIE PHIL

1.Who is the scientist that developed the three Laws of Motion?

Answer: Isaac Newton

2.According to Newton's first law of motion, a moving object that is not acted on
by unbalanced force will _______.
Answer: remain in motion

3.Newton's 1st law is often called the ___________.

Answer: Law of inertia

4.For every ________ there is an equal and opposite _____________.

Answer: action, reaction

5. A 1 kg object accelerated at a constant 5 m/s2. Estimate the net force needed

to accelerate the object.
Answer: 5N

6.Determine the accelerations that result when a 12-N net force is applied to a 3-
kg object.
Answer: 4m/s2

7.A net force of 15 N is exerted on an encyclopedia to cause it to accelerate at a

rate of 5 m/s2. Determine the mass of the encyclopedia.
Answer: 3kg

8.Suppose that a sled is accelerating at a rate of 2 m/s2. If the net force is tripled
and the mass is doubled, then what is the new acceleration of the sled?
Answer: 3m/s2

9.Who formulated the value of Gravitational Constant?

Answer. Henry Cavendish

10.What is the value of Gravitational Constant?

Answer: 6.67 x10 ^-11 N m2/kg2
SUAREZ, JULIUS ZESAR

1. It is the tendency of all objects to resist any change in motion.

Ans: Inertia

2. The phenomenon required to push or pull an object is called?

Ans: Force

3. The word __________ means the change of speed or we can say that
change of velocity.

Ans: Acceleration

4. It is the amount of matter in an object. It tells us about the heaviness of an

object.

Ans: Mass

5. It is a chance in position with respect to a reference point.

Ans; Motion

6. A physical quantity that is completely described by its magnitude

Ans: Scalar

7. It is an object that has both a magnitude and a direction.

Ans: Vector

8. It measures the total movement of an object without any regard to

direction.

Ans: Distance

9. ____________ is a vector quantity that refers to “how far out of place an

object is”; it is the object’s overall change in position
 Ans: Displacement

10. A scalar quantity that refers to “how fast an object is moving.”

Ans: Speed
TABUZO, MARK ADRIAN

1. Distance vs. displacement

Problem: a man moves from point A to point B then to point C finally to point D.
Find the distance and displacement travelled?
DC

30m

A 5Om B
Solution
Distance = 50 + 30 + 50 = 130m
Displacement = 30m to north
DC

A 50m B

2. Distance vs. displacement

Problem: a car moves from point A to point B then C
Find the distance and displacement

A car
A 800m B 300m C
Solution:
Distance = 800m + 300m = 1100m

A 800m B 300m C
3. Newton’s law of motion
Problem: the object is at rest, the net force must be zero. Choose up as positive.
So down is negative.
Given: two upward forces of +12N and +8N
Solution: Fnet = +12N + (+8N) + Fg
1 = 20N + Fg
Fg = -20N (down)

4. Problem: what is the net force acting on a 5kg crate that is accelerating at
3m/s2?
Solution: F=ma
=5kg x 3m/s2
= 15N

5. Problem: Dave is riding his skateboard and pushes off the ground with his foot.
This causes him to accelerate at a rate of 4 m/s2 dave weighs 589N. How was
his push off the ground?
Solution: F = ma
= 60kg x 4m/s2
= 240N

6. How much force is needed to accelerate a 66kg skier at 2m/s2?

Solution: f = ma
= 66kg x 2m/s2
= 132N

7. What is the force on 1000kg elevator that is falling freely at 9.8m/s2

Solution: F = ma
= 1000kg x 9.8m/s2
= 9,800N
8. An object of mass 110kg has a weight of 176N when on the moon. Determine
the
acceleration due to gravity that is present on the moon.
Given: m = 110kg
Fg= 176N
g=?
equation: F = ma
FG/m = m x g/m
g = FG/m
g = -176N/110kg
g = -1.6 m/s2

9. Your cat has a mass of 2kg. What is her weight in Newtons on earth?
Solution: Fw = mg
= 2kg x 9.8 m/s2
= 19.6 N

10. What force must act on a 50kg mass to give it an acceleration of 0.30 m/s2?
Solution: F = ma
= 50kg x 0.30m/s2
= 15kg m/s2 / 15N
TIPAY, PAUL CRHRISTIAN

1 Galileo’s use of inclined planes allowed him to effectively:A

a. Slow down the acceleration of free fall

b. Increase the acceleration beyond that of free fall.
c. Eliminate the acceleration of free fall
d. All of these
e. None of these

Reasoning: Rolling objects down the inclined plane allow him to study their
motion at a lower acceleration than the free fall. See page 24 of the text.

2. An airplane that flies at 100 km/h with a 10 km/h tailwind travels at 110 km/h
relative to the ground. If it instead flies into a 10 km/h headwind, its ground speed
is : A

A. 90 km/h
b. 100 km/h
c. 110 km/h
d. 120 km/h

3.The two measurements necessary for calculating average speed are : C

a. Acceleration and time

b. Velocity and time
c. Distance and time
d. Distance and acceleration
e. Velocity and distance

Reasoning: The definition of the average speed is (covered distance)/(elapsed

time).

4. The average speed of a horse that gallops a distance of 10 kilometers in a

time of 30 minutes is : B

a. 10 km/h
b. 20 km/h
c. 30 km/h
d. More than 30 km/h

Reasoning: V(aveage) = (10 km) / (.5 hr) = 20 km/h

5.What is the acceleration of a car that maintains a constant velocity of 100 km/hr
for 10 seconds? : A
a. 0
b. 10 km/hr/s
c. Both of these
d. None of these

Reasoning: Acceleration is related to change in velocity. Since the velocity

remains constant, it means the acceleration is zero.

6. As an object freely falls downward, its : A

a. Velocity increases
b. Acceleration increases
c. Both of these
d. None of these

Reasoning: In a free fall velocity keeps increasing. However, the acceleration

remains constant and is = 9.8 m/s/s.

7.If an object falling freely downward were somehow equipped with a

speedometer on a planet where the acceleration due to gravity is 20 meters per
second per second, then its speed reading would increase each second by : B

A. 10 m/s
b. 20 m/s
c. 30 m/s
d. 40 m/s
e. Depends on its initial speed.

8. If an object falling freely downward were somehow equipped with an odometer

to measure the distance it travels, then the amount of distance it travels each
succeeding second would be: C

A. Constant
b. Less and less
c. Grater than the second before.

Reasoning: the distance traveled each second increases due to the fact that the
velocity is increasing.

9 Ten seconds after starting from rest, an object falling freely downward will have
a speed of about: C

a. 10 m/s
b. 50 m/s
c. 100 m/s
d. More than 100 m/s

Reasoning: Speed increases at a rate of 10 m/s (actually 9.8 m/s) every second.
Thus after 10 seconds, the speed is 10 x 10 = 100 m/s.

10. If an object falls with constant acceleration, the velocity of the object must: B

a. Be constant also
b. Continuously change by the same amount each second
c. Continuously change by varying amounts depending on its speed
d. Continuously decrease
e. None of these.
UNIDA, ALL VINCENT

1.A man. Walks 1 km due eart and. Then 1 km due north. What is hi
displacement?
IKM. N For. C² = 92 +62 1km, E Given c² = a²+ b² 1 km,
east 1km, north.
Sol.
C² = √ a²+b² = √(1km, E)² + (1km, N)² = √1 km, E² + 1 km, N^ √2 km, NE = 1.42
km. NE

2. Derrick crawls 4m south and then turns east and crawls 6m. Find the resultant
force?
Given F2 = 6m, E 4m S Fr 6m.E Fr = ?
Formula: C² = a² +b²
Sol.
C² = √ a² +62 Fr: Fi+ F22 Fr² = √(4m. 5)2 + (6m. E)² =√16m.s² + 36m. E =
52m.SE Fr 7.21m, CET
3.Convert 24 kim kilometers to meters per second. Per minute 20 24 km min
24kh 1000 m х 605 24 x 1000 m = 244000m x 60 24000 m 605 Spring Leaf =400
m/v

3. Convert 24 kim kilometers to meters per second.

Sol.
Per minute 20 24 km min 24kh 1000 m х 605 24 x 1000 m = 244000m x 60
24000 m 605 Spring Leaf =400 m/v

4. convert 1,234 km to m
Sol.
1.234 km x 1000m = 1.234 x 1000m 1234 m

5. If a space shuttle can travel at 17,000 miles per hour, how many meters per
recond doer it travel?
Sol.
1000m 17000 1.609kpx 1000 х 605 = 2 17000 X 1.609 = 27353 x 1000m
=27353000m 6 = 4558833.333333333 m =7-6x 10° m/s

6.Question: The heat of vaporization of water is 2257 Joules/gram or 540

calories/gram. What energy in Joules is required to convert 50 grams of water
into steam? How much energy in calories?
Solution: Plug what we know into the heat formula from above.
M = 50 grams
ΔHv = 2257 J/gram
Q = m · ΔHv
Q = (50 g) · (2257 J/g)
Q = 112850 J = 112.85 kJ
In calories:
ΔHv = 540 cal/g
Q = m · ΔHv
Q = (50 g) · (540 cal/g)
Q = 27000 cal = 27 kcal

7.An object falls from a height of 80 meters. Calculate the time it takes to reach
the ground. (Assume \(g = 9.8 m/s²\))
Solution 8:
Use the kinematic equation: \(h = \frac{1}{2}gt^2\)
\(80 m = \frac{1}{2} × 9.8 m/s² × t^2\)
Solve for \(t\): \(t = \sqrt{\frac{2 × 80 m}{9.8 m/s²}} ≈ 4.52 seconds.

8. Question: Liquid sulfur vaporizes at 445 °C. If it takes 28125 J to convert 20

grams of 445 °C liquid sulfur to 445 °C gaseous sulfur, what is the heat of
vaporization of sulfur?

Solution: List what we know:

M = 20 g
Q = 28125 J
Plug these values into the heat of vaporization equation.
Q = m · ΔHv
28125 J = (20 g) · ΔHv
Solve for ΔHv.
ΔHv = (28125 J) / (20 g)
ΔHv= 1406.25 J/g
Answer: The heat of vaporization of sulfur is 1406.25 J/g

9. Question: A 25-gram metal ball is heated 200 °C with 2330 Joules of energy.
What is the specific heat of the metal?
Solution: List the information we know.
M = 25 grams
ΔT = 200 °C
Q = 2330 J
Place these into the specific heat equation.
Q = mcΔT
2330 J = (25 g)c(200 °C)
2330 J = (5000 g°C)c
Divide both sides by 5000 g°C
Specific heat example math step 1
C = 0.466 J/g°C
Answer: The specific heat of the metal is 0.466 J/g°C.

10. Question: A 500 gram cube of lead is heated from 25 °C to 75 °C. How much
energy was required to heat the lead? The specific heat of lead is 0.129 J/g°C.
Solution: First, let’s the variables we know.
M = 500 grams
C = 0.129 J/g°C
ΔT = (Tfinal – Tinitial) = (75 °C – 25 °C) = 50 °C
Plug these values into the specific heat equation from above.
Q = mcΔT
Q = (500 grams)·(0.129 J/g°C)·(50 °C)

Q = 3225 J
Answer: It took 3225 Joules of energy to heat the lead cube from 25 °C to 75 °C.
VALENCIA, MARC ANDREY

1. Electricity
Problem: What is the resistance of a 200-ohm resistor when connected in parallel
with a 300-ohm resistor?
Solution:
The formula for calculating the total resistance in parallel is: 1/R_total = 1/R1 +
1/R2, where R1 is the resistance of the first resistor (200 ohms) and R2 is the
resistance of the second resistor (300 ohms).
1/R_total = 1/200 ohms + 1/300 ohms
1/R_total = (3/600 + 2/600) ohms
1/R_total = 5/600 ohms
R_total = 600/5 ohms = 120 ohms

2. Magnetism
Problem: A wire carrying a current of 4 A is placed in a magnetic field of 0.5 T.
Calculate the force acting on the wire if the angle between the current and
magnetic field is 30 degrees.
Solution:
The formula for the magnetic force on a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field
is: F = BILsin(θ), where B is the magnetic field strength (0.5 T), I is the current (4
A), L is the length of the wire, and θ is the angle between the current and the
magnetic field (30 degrees).
F = (0.5 T) * (4 A) * L * sin(30 degrees)
F = (0.5 T) * (4 A) * L * 0.5
F = 1 TAL

3. Modern Physics
Problem: If a photon has a wavelength of 500 nm (nanometers), what is its
energy?
Solution:
The energy of a photon can be calculated using the formula: E = hf, where E is
the energy, h is Planck's constant (6.626 x 10^-34 J·s), and f is the frequency.
First, find the frequency using the speed of light equation: c = λf, where c is the
speed of light (3 x 10^8 m/s) and λ is the wavelength (500 nm).
f = c / λ = (3 x 10^8 m/s) / (500 x 10^-9 m) = 6 x 10^14 Hz
Now, calculate the energy:
E = (6.626 x 10^-34 J·s) * (6 x 10^14 Hz) = 3.98 x 10^-19 J

4. Work and Energy

Problem: A force of 50 N is applied to move an object 10 meters horizontally.
How much work is done?
Solution:
Work is given by the formula: Work = Force × Distance × cos(θ), where the force
is 50 N, the distance is 10 meters, and θ is the angle between the force and
displacement (assumed to be 0 degrees, so cos(0) = 1).
Work = 50 N × 10 m × 1 = 500 Joules (J)

5. Circular Motion
Problem: A car is moving around a circular track with a radius of 100 meters at a
constant speed of 20 m/s. What is the magnitude of the car's centripetal
acceleration?
Solution:
Centripetal acceleration is given by the formula: a = v² / r, where v is the velocity
(20 m/s) and r is the radius (100 meters).
a = (20 m/s)² / 100 m = 4 m/s²

6. Thermodynamics
Problem: A gas initially at 300 K expands isothermally and does 2000 J of work
on its surroundings. What is the change in its internal energy?
Solution:
For an isothermal process, the change in internal energy is equal to the work
done. So, ΔU = -2000 J.

7. Optics
Problem: A converging lens has a focal length of 15 cm. What is the image
distance for an object placed 30 cm in front of the lens?
Solution:
Use the lens formula: 1/f = 1/v - 1/u, where f is the focal length (15 cm), v is the
image distance (unknown), and u is the object distance (-30 cm because the
object is in front of the lens).
1/15 cm = 1/v - 1/(-30 cm)
1/15 cm = 1/v + 1/30 cm
Multiply both sides by 30v:
2v = 30
v = 15 cm

8. Kinematics
Problem: A car accelerates from rest at a rate of 3 m/s². How long will it take to
reach a speed of 30 m/s?
Solution:
Using the equation: v = u + at, where v is the final velocity (30 m/s), u is the initial
velocity (0 m/s), a is the acceleration (3 m/s²), and t is the time.
30 m/s = 0 m/s + 3 m/s² * t
t = 30 m/s / 3 m/s² = 10 seconds

9. Newton's Laws
Problem: If an object has a mass of 5 kg and is subjected to a force of 20 N, what
is its acceleration?
Solution:
Using Newton's second law: F = ma, where F is the force (20 N), m is the mass
(5 kg), and a is the acceleration.
a = F / m = 20 N / 5 kg = 4 m/s²

10. Projectile Motion

Problem: A ball is kicked with an initial velocity of 15 m/s at an angle of 30
degrees to the horizontal. How far does it travel horizontally before hitting the
ground?
Solution:
First, find the time of flight using the vertical motion equation: h = (1/2)gt^2,
where h is the initial vertical displacement (0), g is the acceleration due to gravity
(9.8 m/s²), and t is the time.
0 = (1/2) * 9.8 m/s² * t^2
t^2 = 0
t = 0 seconds

Now, use the horizontal motion equation: d = vt, where d is the horizontal
distance, v is the horizontal velocity (15 m/s), and t is the time.
d = 15 m/s * t = 15 m/s * 0 s = 0 meters
VILLANUEVA, JOHN PATRICK

Scientific notation is a form of presenting very large numbers or very small

numbers in a simpler form. As we know, the whole numbers can be extended till
infinity, but we cannot write such huge numbers on a piece of paper. Also, the
numbers which are present at the millions place after the decimal needed to be
represented in a simpler form. Thus, it is difficult to represent a few numbers in
their expanded form. Hence, we use scientific notations. Also learn, Numbers In
General Form.

For example, 100000000 can be written as 108, which is the scientific notation.
Here the exponent is positive. Similarly, 0.0000001 is a very small number which
can be representedas10-8, where the exponent is negative

Q1: Convert 1.36 × 107 from scientific notation to standard notation.

Solution: Given, 1.36 × 107 in scientific notation.

Exponent = 7

Since the exponent is positive we need to move the decimal place 7 places to the
right.
Therefore,
1.36 × 107 = 1.36 × 10000000 = 1,36,00,000

Q2: How do you write 75 in scientific notation?

The scientific notation of 75 is:
7.5 × 10^1 = 7.5 × 10
Here,
Coefficient = 7.5
Base = 10 Exponent = 1

Significant figures are used to demonstrate the number which is presented in the
formof digits. These digits represent numbers in a meaningful way. Instead of
figures, the phrase significant digits is frequently used. By counting all the values
starting with the first non-zero digit ontheleft, we may determine the number of
significant digits. The number 13.75, for example, includes four significant digits.

Any non-zero numbers or trapped zeros are significant figures. Leading and
trailing zerosarenot included.
Q3: Give examples of Significant Figures.
Answer:
Significant Figures examples are as follows:
4308 – 4 significant figures
40.05 – 4 significant figures
470,000 – 2 significant figures
4.00 – 3 significant figures
0.00500 – 3 significant figures

Q4: Give the number of significant figures in each measurement.

36.7 m
0.006606 s
2,002 kg
306,490,000 people

Answer: This measurement has three significant numbers since all nonzero
digits are significant.
The first three zeros are insignificant, but the zero between the sixes is, hence
this number has four significant figures.
This measurement includes four significant figures because the two zeros
between the two are significant.
The four trailing zeros in the number aren’t significant, but the other five are,
making this a five- figure number.

Q5: Exercises of rounding to the correct number of significant figures with a 5 as

the first non- significant figure:

Round 4.7475 to 4 significant figures

Round 4.7465 to 4 significant figures

Answer:
Because the first non-significant digit is 5, and we round the last significant figure
up to6tomake it even, 4.7475 becomes 4.748.
Because the first non-significant figure is 5, and the last significant figure is even,
4.7465becomes 4.746.

Pythagoras’ theorem is all about the relation between sides of a right-angled

triangle. Accordingto the theorem, the hypotenuse square equals the sum of
squares of the perpendicular sides.
 (Hypotenuse)2 = (Perpendicular)2 + (Base)2

Q6: A ladder is kept at a distance of 15 cm from the wall such that the top of the
ladder isat theheight of 8 cm from the bottom of the wall. Find the length of the
wall.
Solution:
Let AB be the ladder of length x.

By Pythagoras theorem,

AC2 + BC2 = AB2

Answer : x = 17 cm

Length of the ladder is 17 cm.

Q7: Find the area of a rectangle whose length is 144 cm and the length of the
diagonal 145cm.

Solution: Let the rectangle be ABCD

Answer:
⇒ AD = √(21025 – 20736) = √289
⇒ AD = 17 cm
Thus, area of the rectangle ABCD = 17 × 144 = 2448 cm2.
Conversion Factor is a number used to change one set of units to another, by
multiplyingor dividing. When a conversion is necessary, the appropriate
conversion factor to an equal valuemust be used.

Q8: The distance from the university to home is 10 mi and it usually takes 20 min
to drivethisdistance. Calculate the average speed in meters per second (m/s).
(Note: Average speedisdistance traveled divided by time of travel.) Solution:
1.Calculate average speed. Average speed is distance traveled divided by time
of travel. (Takethis definition as a given for now. Average speed and other motion
concepts are coveredinlater chapters.) In equation form,

2.Substitute the given values for distance and time.

3. Convert miles per minute to meters per second by multiplying by the

conversion factor that cancels miles and leave meters, and also by the
conversion factor that cancels minutes andleave seconds:

Q9. Convert 80 m to Kilometer

Answer:

Q10. A ball drops 5 meters. How many centimeters did it drop?

Answer:

500 centimeters.To perform the conversion, you do the following calculation:

Note that 100 centimeters divided by 1 meter equals 1 because there are 100
centimeters in a meter. In the calculation, the units you don’t want — meters —
cancel out.
YSON, TRIXIE ANNE

PROBLEM SOLVING

SCIENTIFIC NOTATION, UNIT CONVERSION, FORCE VECTOR, DISTANCE

AND DISPLACEMENT

1. The distance between the earth and the sun is on average 93 million

miles. This distance is known as 1AU (Astronomica Unit). The voyager 1

space probe is at a distance af approximately 12.5 billion miles. To

calculate how far that is in AU we would be aided by applying scientific

notation.

Given:

93,000,000 mi

12.500,000,000 mi

Convert to Scientific Notation

93,000,000 = 9.3×10⁷ mi

12,500,000,000 = 12.5 × 10⁹ mi

Solution:

12.5×10⁹ ÷ 9.3 ×10⁷

= 12.5 × 10⁹

9.3 10⁷
 = 1.34×10²

= 134AU

2. Perform the following. Write all answer with correct significant figures. Be

sure to write all answers using correct scientific notation.

Problem: (8.00×10⁷⁴)(4.11×10¹³)

Solution:

(8.00×10⁷⁴)(9.3×10¹³)

= 8.00 × 10⁷⁴

× 4.11 × 10¹³

= 3.288 × 10⁸⁸

= 4 significant figures

3. Express 5.43 × 10-³ as a number

Answer: 0.00543
4. Assume your school is located 2km away from your home. In the morning

you are going to school and in the evening you come back home. In this

entire trip what is the distance travelled and the displacement covered?

Solution:

2km + 2km = 4km

Distance: 4km

Displacement: 0

5. A car id driven 125.0 km due west, then 65.0 km due south. What is the

resultant force of the problem.

 Given:

F1= 125.0km,W

F2= 65.0 km,S

Fr=?

Formula: c²=a²+b²

Solution:

C²=a²+b²

C²=√a²+b2

Fr²=F1²+F2²

= √(125.0km,W)² + (65.0km,S)²

= √15625km,W² + 4225km, S²

= √19850km,SW

Fr= 141km, SW

6. A plane travels 300 km North and then turns east travels another 400km.

What is the displacement of the plane?

Given:

300km,N

400km,E

Formula: c²=a²+b²

Solution:

C²=a²+b²

C²= √a²+b²

= √(300m, N)²+(400m,E)²

= √90000m,N² + 160000m,E²
 = √250000²

= 500m,NE

7. Jeramaine run exactly 2 laps around a 400 meter track. Find the distance

and displacement?

Solution:

400 × 2

= 800

Answer:

Distance = 800 m

Displacement = 0
8. Marissa runs north for 37 meters, then turns east and run for another 10

meters. What is the resultant force?

Formula: c²= a² + b²

Solution:

C²= √a² + b²

Fr²= F1² + F2²

Fr² = √ (37m, N)² + (10m, E)²

= √1369m, N² + 100 m,E²

= √1469m, NE²

= 38.3m, NE
9. The mass of a competition frisbee is 125g. Convert it mass to ounces

using the unit convesion factor.

Given:

125g

Conversion:

1oz = 28.49g

Solution:

125g × 1oz

28.49g

= 125oz

28.49

=4.41oz

10. A car drives 6mi east, then 12mi north and then 11mi west. What is its

distance travelled?

Given:

6 miles, east

12 miles, north

11 miles, west
Solution:

d = 6mi + 12mi +11mi

d = 29 miles