distance 1

Y
The Cartesian Coordinate
system is consists of two
perpendicular lines which X,Y x - abscissa

intersect at the point O called y - ordinate

the origin. The horizontal line
X
is called the x-axis and the 0,0
vertical line is called the y-
axis. Together, they are called
as the Cartesian Coordinate
Axes.
distance 2
7:20 AM 3
 In Plane:
P2(x2,y2)

d= (x 2 -x 1 ) 2 +(y 2 -y 1 ) 2
d d
P1(x1,y1)
In Space:

2 2 2
d= (x2 -x1 ) +(y2 -y 1 ) +(z2 -z 1 )

Division of line segment 4

 Point of Division , (x,y)
r1 x  r2 x 1
x  2
PP2 P2(x2,y2)
r1  r 2
P1P
r y  r2 y 1 P(x,y)
y  1 2 P1(x1,y1)
r1  r 2

Where: r1

P 1P
r2 P P2

Alternate formula 5
 r2 P2(x2,y2)
r1
P(x,y)
P1(x1,y1)

Midpoint formula 6
 x1  x2
xm  P1P2 P2(x2,y2)
2
P1P
y1  y2 Pm(xm,ym)
ym 
2 P1(x1,y1)
Where:

P1 P2
P1P =
2

Slope and angle of inclination 7

➊ Given angle of inclination: y
m=
slope (m )=tanθ
m=-
(x2,y2) m=+
➋ Given two points:
y 2 -y 1 
m=0
slope (m)=
x 2 -x 1 x
➋ Given equation: (x1,y1)

slope (m )=-A/B
Sample problems 8
 Sample Problem 1
If (x,4) is equidistant from (5,-2) and
(3,4), find x.

A. 10 C. 13
B. 12 D. 9

7:20 AM 9
 Sample Problem 2
How far is the intersection of the lines
4x - 5y = 26 and 3x + 7y + 2 = 0 from
the origin?
A. 2.47 C. 3.25
B. 4.47 D. 5.12

7:20 AM 10
 Sample Problem 3
The distance between the points P1
(x,4,1) and P2 (-3,5,-4) is 3 sqrt3. Find
the value of x.
A. -2 & -4 C. 1 & -2
B. -2 & -5 D. 3 & -4

Bonus problem 11
 Add-on Sample Problem
In the triangle ABC having vertices at A(-
2,5), B(6,1) and C(-2,-3), find the length of
the median from vertex B to side AC.

A. 4 C. 6
B. 12 D. 8

7:20 AM 12
 Sample Problem 4
Determine the perimeter of the triangle
whose vertices are: A(1,5), B(4,-1) and
C(-3,0).
A. 10.28 C. 12.81
B. 15.67 D. 20.18

Add-on 13
 Add-on Sample Problem
Find the measure of angle A in triangle
ABCwith vertices at A(7,4), B(1,7) and C(-3,-
4).

A. 31.04° C. 24.78°
B. 12.09° D. 65.22°

7:20 AM 14
 Sample Problem 5
Find the coordinates of a point that is 2/3
of its distance from A(1,8) to B(7,-1).
A. 1,4 C. 5,2
B. -2,-4 D. 3,-5

7:20 AM 15
 Sample Problem 6
The segment from ( -1, 4) to ( 2,-2 ) is
extended three times its own length. Find
the terminal point.
A. -10,20 C. 11,-20
B. -11,20 D. 5,-10

7:20 AM 16
 Sample Problem 7
Find the inclination of the line passing
through (4,1) and (-3,-3).
A. 31.25O C. 18.26O
B. 29.74O D. 22.97O

Add-on 17
 Add-on Sample Problem
If the points (-3,-5),(p,q) and (3,4) lie on a
straight line, then which of the following is
correct?

A. 2p-3q=1 C. 3p-2q=1
B. p+q=-3 D. 2p-q=3

Area by coordinates 18
 Area of Triangle
x1 y 1 P2 (x2 ,y2)

1 x2 y 2
A= -
+
2 x3 y 3
x1 y 1 P3 (x3 ,y3) P1(x1 ,y1)

1
A=   x 1 y 2 + x 2 y 3 + x 3 y 1  -  x 1 y 3 + x 3 y 2 + x 2 y 1  
2

Polygon 19
 Area of Polygon
x1 y1
x2 y2
1
A= : :
2
xn yn
x1 y1

1 SOP SOP
A=   d o w n w a r d s  - u p w a r d s  
2

Centroid 20
 TRIANGLE
x1  x2  x3 P2 (x2 ,y2)
x
3
y1  y2  y3
y
3 (C)

Centroid is the point of P1(x1 ,y1) P3 (x3 ,y3)

intersection of all the
medians of a triangle.

Sample problem 21
 Sample Problem 8
Determine the area of the triangle
bounded by the straight lines x + 2y = 7,
3x – 4y = 1 and 2x – y + 6 = 0.
A. 15 sq. u. C. 20 sq. u.
B. 18 sq. u. D. 25 sq. u.

Add-on 22
 Sample Problem 9
If the coordinates of a quadrilateral are (
1, 1 ), ( 0, 8), ( 4, 5), and ( -3, 4 ) . What
is the area?
A. 0 sq. u. C. 25 sq. u.
B. 10 sq. u. D. 15 sq. u.

Add-on 23
 Add-on Sample Problem
The vertices of the base of an isosceles
triangle are (-1,-2) and (1,4). If the third
vertex lies on the line 4x+3y=12, find
the area of the triangle.
A. 8 C. 9
B. 10 D. 11

Add-on 24
 ax  by  c  0

 Standard Equations
x y y 2  y1
➍ Point
➊
➌
➋
 Intercept
Slope Form:
Slope
Intercept
Normal
Two-Point Form:
Form:
Form:Form: xyy coys11xmyb1(sxinx(1x) p x 1 )
ym
a b x 2  x1

B A C
sin   cos   p
 A 2  B2  A B
2 2  A 2  B2

Parallel lines 25
 Equations of Parallel lines

Slope of Parallel lines

Perpendicular lines 26
Equations of Perpendicular lines

Slope of Perpendicular lines

Sample 27
 Sample Problem 10
Determine k such that the line 3x + 2y –
7 = 0 is parallel to the line 2x – ky + 2 =
0.
A. 2/3 C. -2/5
B. 3/4 D. -4/3

7:20 AM 28
 Sample Problem 11
Find the equation of a line through (0,4)
which is perpendicular to line x – 3y = 0
A. 3x+y-4=0 C. 3x+y-10=0
B. x-3y+5=0 D. 3x+y-8=0

7:20 AM 29
 Sample Problem 12
Find an equation of the line that passes
through (-5,-6) and (4,3).
A. 2x-y+1=0 C. x-y-1=0
B. x+y-10=0 D. 3x-2y+1=0

7:20 AM 30
 Sample Problem 13
Find the equation of the perpendicular
bisector of the line joining (4,0) and (-6,-3).
A. 2x-2y-1=0 C. 20x+6y+29=0
B. 4x+7y-2=0 D. 15x-4y+27=0

7:20 AM 31
 Sample Problem 14
Find the x-intercept of a line which passes
through point (2,1) and is perpendicular to a
line 3x + 4y + 8 =0.
A. 3/4 C. 2/3
B. 4/5 D. 5/4

Add-on 32
 Add-on Sample Problem
The points (1,3) and (5,5) are two opposite
vertices of a rectangle. The other two vertices lie
on the line 2x-y+k=0. Find the value of k.

A. -2 C. -3
B. 2 D. 4

Distance 33
Distance from a point to a line

Ax 1 +By 1 +C P (x ,y)
D=
± A 2 +B2
d
Distance between parallel lines

C2 - C1
D=
2 2
± A +B

Angle between two lines 34

 FORMULA:

m 2 -m 1
tan θ =
1+ m 1m 2 θ

Sample 35
 Sample Problem 15

7:20 AM 36
 Sample Problem 16
Find the distance between the lines, 3x + y
– 12 = 0 and 3x + y – 4 = 0.
A. 1.55 C. 3.32
B. 2.53 D. 4.15

7:20 AM 37
 Sample Problem 17
Find the equation of a line that bisects the
acute angle between the lines x – y – 1 = 0
and 7x + y – 7 = 0.
A. x+3y-1=0 C. 3x-y-3=0
B. 3x+y-3=0 D. 2x-3y+3=0

7:20 AM 38
 Sample Problem 18
Find the smallest angle between the lines
2x + y-8 = 0 and x +3y +4= 0.
A. 30O C. 45O
B. 15O D. 25O

Add-on 39
 Add-on Sample Problem
Find the bisector of the obtuse angle between
the lines 11x + 2y -7 = 0 and x + 2y + 2 = 0.

A. 6x+8y+17 = 0 C. 6x-8y-17 = 0
B. 6x+8y-17 = 0 D. 6x-8y+17 = 0

Locus 40
 The word locus is Latin for place or
location (plural loci) may be defined as
the path traced out by a point in motion,
as it moves in a plane according to a
stated set of conditions.

7:20 AM 41
 Sample Problem 19
Find the equation of the set of all points
equally distant from the y-axis and (4,0).
A. x2-16y+8=0 C. y2-8x+16=0
B. x2-8y-16=0 D. y2-16x+8=0

7:20 AM 42
 Add-on Sample Problem
The base of an isosceles triangle is the line
from (4,-3) to (-4,5). Find the locus of the
third vertex.

A. x – y + 1 = 0 C. x – y – 2 = 0
B. x + y + 1 = 0 D. x + y – 3 = 0

7:20 AM 43
distance 44