Unit 5 in English

1
284, RADHIKA HIEGHTS, ZONE 2, MP NAGAR BHOPAL 9098200428

2
Political system of Madhya Pradesh State

Madhya Pradesh is divided in 10 divisions and 52 districts. Niwari is 52nd district of Madhya
Pradesh, with effect from 1st October 2018. It is bounded on the east and southeast by Tikamgarh
District of Madhya Pradesh, and by the Uttar Pradesh districts of Lalitpur on the west and Jhansi
on the north.
Area wise Largest District Chhindawara
Population wise Largest District Indore
Area wise Smallest District Niwari (1318 km2)
Population wise Smallest District Niwari (4.01 lakh)
Division of State
1. Jabalpur – Area wise and Population 6. Gwalior
Wise Largest Division
2. Bhopal 7. Ujjain
3. Rewa 8. Chambal – Area wise smallest division
4. Sagar 9. Shahdol – Population wise Smallest division
5. Indore 10. Narmadapuram – Latest division
Gwalior Division – Gwalior, Shivpuri, Guna, Ashoknagar, and Datia district

Gwalior
1. It is known as city of Tomar Rajput
2. The fort of Gwalior was made by Tomar King Suraj Sen on Gopachal Mountain. It is also known
as Gibraltar of India
3. In 1805 the rule of Scindhia was started on Gwalior.
4. Bhander is the first gas-based power plant.
5. Tekanpur is the BSF Training center.
6. Ghati Gaon is famous for Son Chiraiyya.
7. Indian Institute of Information technology is situated in Gwalior.
8. Maharani Laxmi bai physical training institute is situated in Gwalior.
9. Tomb of Gaus Mohammad and Tansen is situated in Gwalior.
10. Teli Temple is made in Dravidian Style.
11. Roop Singh stadium is situated in Gwalior.
Shivpuri
1. First Tourist city of State

3
2. Famous for fort of Nal Damyanti (Narwar)

3. Madhav National Park
4. Fair of Peer Budhan
5. Samadhi of Tatya Tope
6. Kolaras Sugar factory
Guna
1. National Fertilizer Limited in Regional office of GAIL.
2. Tejaji Mela – Bhamavad Village Guna
3. Hazira, Vijaypur, Jagdishpur Gas Pipe line passes through Guna
4. Guna is situated between Parvati and Betwa river.
Ashoknagar
1. Chanderi – Samadhi of Baiju Bawra.
2. Kaushal Mahal Chanderi.
3. Chanderi is famous for silk Sarees.
4. Battle of Chanderi took place in 1528 between Babar and Medini Rai.
5. Anandpur Ashram the famous Pilgrim of Sikh Community
6. Karila ka Mela is famous for Rai Dance.
7. Rajghat Hydro power project is situated in Ashok Nagar.
8. Mungawli is the open Jail of State.
Datia
1. Famous for Pitambra Shakti Peeth and Sona Giri Jain Temple.
2. Sindhuwa Water fall is situated on Sindh River.
3. Gurjara is the historic place of Datia. It is famous for Ashok Rock in script on which Dewnampiya
is mention for Ashok.
4. The first Nagar Palika of State was established in Datia.
5. Badoni is the place of jain temples in Datia.
Chambal Division - Sheopur, Morena and Bhind
Sheopur
1. It is known for Palpur Kuno wild life century. Where Gir Lions are protected.
2. It is known as Malnutrition district.
3. It is known for Wood Craft
Morena
1. It is famous for Kanakmath Temple in Sihoniya. Which is temple of Lord Shiva.
2. Ganga dolphin and Alligator conservation project in Chambal river.

4
3. Padavali and Mitawali are the historic places. which is actually an old Vishnu temple.
4. It is famous for Gazak.
Bhind
1. Paan Singh Tomar - Born in the village of Bhidosa near Porsa, a small city in the Morena district,
he was an Indian soldier, athlete. A Hindi movie, Paan Singh Tomar was made based on his life.
2. Ch. Arjun Singh Gurjar - Zamindar of village Tudila and nearby other 11 villages (Gurikha,
Ekhara, Tukeda, Nunera, Mahe, Lahchura, Katwah Haji, Malanpur, Singhwari, Madhou ka Pura,
Jhawalpura) was famous for his self-styled kingship.
3. The Fort of Ater is located near Ater town, 35 km from Bhind and 40 km from Porsa.
4. An ancient temple is situated at Jamdara village in Gohad tehsil, 45 km from Bhind, which was
thought to be built by the mythological sageParashu Ram.
5. The fort at Gohad was built by the Jat king Maha Singh in the 16th century.
6. Malanpur is the modern industrial area in Bhind District near Gwalior in Gohad tehsil, 65 km
from Bhind town. Its industries includemodern automobiles, bicycles, soaps and detergents,
electronics, pharmaceuticals and food and dairy products.
7. Vankhandeshwar temple of lord Shiva is located near the bank of Gauri Sarovar, a beautiful lake.
It is said that this temple is founded by Prithvi Raj Chauhan (Prithvi Raj III).
8. The Sun temple, also known as Balaji Temple, is situated 42 kilometers (26 mi) from Bhind at
Balaji near Mihona Tehsil.
9. National Chambal (Gharial) Wildlife Sanctuary is situated on the Chambal River, and is inhabited
by crocodiles, gharials, Ganges Dolphins, and migratory birds. A boat cruise is organized by local
forest officials. The sanctuary is 22 kilometers (14 mi) from Bhind town.
10. Smallest Tehsil of State in Population wise Raun.
11. Highest Mustered production district.
12. Rawat Pura Sarkar is famous religious place.
Sagar Division – Sagar, Damoh, Panna, Chhatarpur, Niwari and Tikamgarh

Sagar
1. Siddha Baba Peak is the highest peak of Bundelkhand Plateau.
2. Dr.Hari Singh Gaur – founder of Sagar University also called Dr Hari Singh Gaur University, a
famous lawyer, jurist, educationalist, social reformer, poet, novelist, and a member of the
Constitutional Assembly.

5
3. A former Dr H. S. Gaur University started from Makronia's SAF Campus so many historic events
are connected through Makronia. This region is developing as the suburban region near Sagar
City.
4. Nemi Sagar Jain Tirth is in Banda tehsil located 30 km from Sagar on National Highway NH-44.
It was built in the name of Aacharya Shri 108 Nemi Sagar ji Maharaj by the blessings of his
disciple Aacharya 108 shri Daya Sagar ji Maharaj.
5. Eran the Archaeological site near by Sagar has revealed several Gupta inscriptions.
6. Headquarter of Forensic science laboratory
7. Jawahar Lal Nehru Police Training Academy
8. Sagar is situated on Bina river.
9. Nauradehi Wild life century is the biggest century of State.
10. Siddh Gawan industrial area is situated in Sagar
Damoh
1. Its Name Damoh was given After the name of Damyanti.
2. Famous for Brass Utensils.
3. Dimond Cement factory.
4. Nohta the capital of Chandel Kings.
5. Batiagarh fort famous for Persian style.
6. Kundalpur Famous Jain temple lord Adinatha.
7. Bandhakpur Shiv Temple is situated in Damoh.
8. Sadbhawna Sikhar is highest peak of Vindhyan Range.
Panna
1. Dimond City
2. Puraina Industrial area.
3. Panna National Park and Pandava Water Fall
4. Panna Biosphere reserve
5. Ajaygarh Tehsil is area wise biggest tehsil of state.
6. Pran Nath temple situated in Panna.
7. Amla district
8. Gangau wild life century
Chhatarpur
1. It was established by Raja Chhatrasal.
2. It was the capital of Chandel rulers
3. Famous for Khajuraho temple

6
4. Famous Kandaria Mahadev Temple was made by Chandel King Rao Vidhya Dhar.
5. Khajuraho temples are the best example of Nagar Style.
6. They are the world heritage site.
7. Tribal Art Museum Khajuraho.
8. Khajuraho Nritya Samaroh
9. Jal Vihar Mela Chhatarpur
10. Ken Wild life Century
11. Dhubela Museum
Niwari
1. Newly formed districtof Madhya Pradesh Niwari is 52 districts with effect from 1 October, 2018.
2. It is bounded on the east and southeast by Tikamgarh District of Madhya Pradesh, and by the Uttar
Pradesh districts of Lalitpur on the west and Jhansi on the north.
3. Niwari was formerly part of district Tikamgarh. In the new district of Niwari, 3 tehsils have been
included. These three tehsils are Niwari, Orchha and Prithvi Pur.
4. In King Rudra Pratap established Orchha is situated in the bank of Betwa river.
5. It has got a distinction of being smallest district of Madhya Pradesh, both area and population
wise. Niwari is part of Bundelkhand.
6. Garh Kundar is a Fort built by Maharaja khet Singh.
Tikamgarh
1. Tikamgarh is situated on the Betwa Dhasan and Jamini River.
2. Old name of Tikamgarh was Tehri.
3. Famous Kundeshwar temple of Lord Shiva is situated in Tikamgarh.
Jabalpur Division– Jabalpur, Katni, Narsinghpur, Chhindwara, Seoni, Mandla, Balaghat

and Dindori Jabalpur
1. It is Sub capital of Madhya Pradesh
2. It name was given after the name of Jabali rishi.
3. It was known as Mahakaushal ruled by Kalchurirulers.
4. Binoba Bhave called it “Sanskar Dhani”.
5. In Tripuri congress session in 1939 Subhash Chandra Bos Defeated to Pattabhi Sitaramaiya.
6. It is known for Jhanda Satyagrah in 1923.
7. Rani Durgawati University, Jawaharlal Nehru Agriculture University, Vetanary University and
Maharishi Mahesh Yogi Vaidik University.
8. Madhya Pradesh High court situated in Jabalpur

7
9. Western Central RailwayZoneHeadquarter which in Jabalpur.

10. Dhuwandhar water fall situated in Bhedaghat.
11. Ordinance factory and heavy vehicle factory is situated in Jabalpur
12. Maximum Literacy rate in MP
13. Madhya Pradesh table tennis and badminton association headquarter.
14. First Engineering collage in MP Jabalpur
15. Tourist place - Madan mahal, Sangram Sagar, Tigwa, Lord Vishnu temple, Barela, Rani
Durgawati Shrine.
16. Mahatma Gandhi community development training institute Jabalpur.
17. Regional malaria research institute Jabalpur
18. Standard time of Madhya Pradesh is taken from Jabalpur.
Katni
1. It is famous as Chuna Nagri Because ACC cement factory is situated in Kaimur.
2. Slimanabad is famous for marble (Stone park).
3. Bilhari Pan mention in Ain-E-Akbari.
4. Roopnath in script of Ashoka.
Narsinghpur
1. Famous for Barmanshah Mela Narsingh Mandir situated on Narmada River.
2. Chauragarh fort Built by Gond ruler Sangram Shah.
3. Soya bean producing state
4. In the district, soap stone, dolomite, fireclay, and limestone are found. Apart from this, building
construction stone is also found near the village Gontitoriya.
5. Gur/sugar from sugarcane: In many places, gur has been prepared from sugarcane all over the
district. Kareli is very famous for Gur Mandi. In Narsinghpur and Gadarwara there are sugar mills.
Chhindwara
1. Area wises the biggest district of state
2. Hindustan Unilever is a multinational company, originally from England. Earlier this company's
name was Hindustan Lever Limited. Chhindwara Hindustan Unilever Limited is situated at village
Lahgadua, 5 km from Chhindwara
3. Raymond Group: The Raymond Chhindwara plant, set up in 1991, is a state-of-the-art integrated
manufacturing facility located 65 km from Chhindwara.
4. Western Coalfields Limited is the major company of Chhindwara approximate ten thousand
people work together here.

8
5. The Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) started their operations in August 2007 at Chhindwara
with opening of a secretariat at Madhuvan Colony.
6. In September 2008 CII inaugurated first of its kind the National Center of Excellence for Skill
Development catering to the need of skilled workforce for the Indian industry.
7. Deogarh Fort: This famous historical fort is 24 miles (39 km) south of Chhindwara beyond
Mohkhed.
8. Patalkot, in the hilly block 'Tamia' of Chhindwara District, has acquired great importance because
of its geographical and scenic beauty. Patalkot is a lovely landscape located at a depth of 1200–
1500 feet in a valley. Because of the great depth, this place is christened as 'Patalkot' (patal means
very deep, in Sanskrit). When one looks down from the top of the valley, the place looks like a
horseshoe in shape. Earlier, people believed it as the entrance to 'Patal'.
9. Tamia hills are around 45 km from Chhindwara.
10. Gotmar Mela of Pandhurna: 97 km from Chhindwara, in the headquarters of Pandhurna tahsil, a
unique fair (mela in Hindi) by name 'Gotmar Mela' is celebrated every year on the second day to
'Bhadrapad' New Moon day on the banks of the river Jam.
11. The Tribal Museum started in Chhindwara on 20 April 1954 and acquired 'State Museum' status
in 1975. On 8 September 1997 the Tribal Museum's name was changed to "Shri Badal Bhoi State
Tribal Museum".
12. Shashti Mata Mandir is located at Kapurda, almost 45 km north of Chhindwara. This temple is
very old and famous for its cultural influence on the region.
13. Neelkanthi: Some ruins of a temple can be seen by the side of Siphna stream which flows at some
distance of Neelkanthi.
14. Hinglaj Mata Mandir, at Ambada (Mohan Colliery, Muari road) almost 40 km (by the Parasia
road) south of Chhindwara is one of the notable temples in Chhindwara.
15. Jama Masjid is located at Gole Ganj area, almost at the center of Chhindwara
16. Sahaja Yoga Thousands of followers of Sahaja Yoga come every year to Chhindwara to visit the
birthplace of H.H. Shri Mataji Nirmala Devi, founder of Sahaja Yoga. She was born on March 21,
1923 to a Christian family in Chhindwara.
Seoni
1. It is situated at the bank of Wainganga Ganga. Which originate from Mundara village.
2. BHEEMGARH DAM - Bheemgarh dam also known as Sanjay Sarovar Bandh and Upper
Wainganga dam is built Across the Wainganga river in Chhapara tehsil of Seoni district of Indian
state of Madhya Pradesh. The Bhimgarh Sanjay Sarovar Dam is located 43 km away from the
Seoni. It is known as the biggest Mud / Earthen dam of Asia.

9
3. MATRADHAM - There is a village 15 km west in the Seoni district of "Katalbodi" also known
as Matradham. The Hindu guru Shankara Acharya constructed a Shiv Temple here in 2003 in
honor of the place in which he was born.
4. GURU RATANESHWAR DHAM: World's Largest Sphatik Shivling- Hindu Guru Shankra
Acharya also constructed a big Guru Rataneshwar Dham (sphatik Shivling - 54 kg world biggest
and 21 kg paras shivling) in Dighori village, which is situated on the north side of Seoni and is
25 km away from this town.
5. Bhimgarh dam is constructed on Wainganga River.
6. NH -44 Passes through Seoni.
Mandla
1. The world-famous tiger century Kanha National park located in the district in One of the hottest
targets for both the domestic as well as foreign tourist.
2. Baiga Tribe mostly found in this district.
3. Moti Mahal, Baghelin Mahal famous fort in this district.
4. Gond Dynasty belongs 61 percent population found in this district.
5. Banjar and Holo valley found in this region
6. Famous Naresh shah fort in Mandla.
Balaghat
1. The bird “bala means best” in Marathi Language The name was called Balaghat. Because the
people are Best. Mean Balo Ka ghat.
2. Structure of district is like of flying bird also known as “Haven of Hunters”.
3. Highest Sex ratio 1021: 1000 in MP
4. Produces 80 % Manganese production of the country.
5. Fort of Launji, forest management education center.
6. Bharveli Asia‟s largest manganese deposits.
7. Kiranpur industrial development center.
8. Copper mines Malajkhand found in this district.
Dindori
1. Created on 25th May 1998 part of Jabalpur division.
2. Lowest population density in MP 94 KM2
3. Dindori Boasts to have the best evergreen Sal Forest in Asia.
4. The Ghughwa fossil national park of Madhya Pradesh is a unique destination in India found in this
district.

10
5. Karopani natural dear park village Karopani is a classic example of mutual coexistence of human
and wild life.
Bhopal Division - Bhopal, Raisen, Vidisha, Sehore, Rajgarh

Bhopal
1. In 1956 Bhopal state was in part C. Earlier a Tehsil of Sehore District. Bhopal is becoming capital
of MP in 1956.
2. Highest population density of Madhya Pradesh 854 per Km2.
3. Indira Gandhi Manav Sangrahalayais in Bhopal.
4. The city of Bhopal is situated on five Hills.
5. Arjun Singh was chief minister of Madhya Pradesh when Bhopal Gas Tragedy took place.
6. Charles Corea is the Architect who design Bharat Bhawan and Indira Gandhi Vidhan Sabha
Bhawan.
7. Habib Ganj Railway station is the first private railway station of India.
8. Central regional council of Indian sports academy located at Bhopal.
9. Bhopal is famous for Jari Work.
10. Biggest mosque of India is Taj-ul-Masjid at Bhopal.
11. Master control facility of ISRO
12. Manuabhan ki Tekri a JainTemple, Raja Bhoj Airport, Sadar Manjil is a hall of public audience of
the former rulers of the Bhopal.
13. First disaster management institute of India.
14. State police headquarter.
15. First Snake park.
Raisen
1. Raisen fort built by Rai Basanti captured by Sershah Suri. In 1543. Three palaces of Raisen Fort
are Rohit Mahal, Badal Mahal, Chitradhar Mahal.
2. Bhojpur largest Shivling of MP founded by the legendry Parmar king of Dhar Raja Bhoj. It is also
known Somnath of east.
3. Bhimbetka Surrounded by the northern fringe of the Vindhyan Range. 600 Rock shelter found in
this district.
4. Sanchi Religious palace and archaeological significance sight.
5. Mandi deep first optical fiber factory.
6. Kumara Gaon Betwa river originated.
7. Mrigendra Nath caves.

11
Vidisha
1. Base nagar ancient name of Vidisha. Greek ambassador Heliodoruserected a pillar of Vasudeva in
Vidisha.
2. Gupta period Udaya Giri caves founded in Vidisha
3. Halali and Ashoka Sagar project
4. Highest temperature in Ganj Basoda founded in Vidisha District.
Sehore
1. Ancient name Siddhpur drives its name form Sher word as large number of Lion are found in
earlier times.
2. Origin of Parvati river.
3. Siddh Gopalpur Ganesh Mandir Time period of Vikramaditya of Ujjain.
4. Tomb of Kuwar Chain Singh
5. Bijasan Devi Temple Salkanpur
6. Railway Sleeper factory
7. First sports residential university
8. Berlai Government sugar factory
9. Wheat of Sehore famous in world.
10. Panguriya Script of Ashoka is found in Sehore.
11. Sarumaru Caves
Rajgarh
1. First district to produced human development index report in the year of 1955.
2. Narsingh Garh fort also known as Kashmir-E-Malwa
3. Pilukhedi Rajgarh industrial development.
4. Chidikho wild life century
Narmadapuram division (27 August 2008 newest division of MP) – Betul, Harda,
Hoshangabad
Betul
1. Multai origin of Tapti river.
2. Muktagiri Jainpilgrimage center.
3. Sarni thermal power plant
4. Ghora Dongri is situated in Betul
5. First forest Satyagrah in 1930 under Ganjam singh
6. Multai MP orange market.

12
7. Famous three caves Mahadeva, Parvati, and Gaye Kotha

8. Bhainsdehi Sidhweshwar Nath Mahadev is situated in Betul
Harda
1. Constituted 25th may 1998 after Bifurcating it from Hoshangabad.
2. The underground drainage in Harda is the best example of British Architecture.
3. Kanhababa Mela Sodalpur
Hoshangabad
1. District take it on name from the head quarter of Hoshangabad which was founded Sultan
Hoshang Shah Ghori.
2. Two main rivers Narmada and Tawa
3. District is richly endowed with natural heritage. Example Satpura national park, Pachmarhi
century.
4. Famous hill station Pachmarhi
5. First state biosphere reserve and Dhupgarh State highest Peak.
6. Pandav Caves, Sunset point, Handikho, Apsara water fall, Rajat water fall, Duches water fall
found in Hoshangabad.
7. Security paper mill (SPMCIL)
8. Longest bridge of the state.
9. Itarsi biggest railway junction of MP.
10. Hoshangabad is birth place of Bhawani Prasad mishra and Makhan Lal Chaturvedi
11. In MP Hoshangabad is Maximum irrigated area
12. The only female jail in MP.
13. Tungsten is found in Hoshangabad
Indore Division – Indore, Dhar, Jhabua, Alirajpur, Khargone, Barwani, Khandwa and
Burhanpur
Indore
1. Indore is known as economic capital and Mini Bombay of State.
2. It is situated at the bank of Khan river.
3. Raja Ramanna center for advance technology is situated in Indore. It is the institute of Laser and
Nuclear technology.
4. Indian institute of Management (IIM) is situated in Indore.
5. Gems and Jewelry park is established in Indore.
6. Khajrana Temple is situated in Indore.

13
7. Mhow of Indore stand for the Military Head Quarterof War.

8. Mhow is officially known as Dr Ambedkar Nagar it is the origin of the Chambal river.
9. Chambal river originates from Janapav Hills of Mhow.
10. Crystal IT park is situated in Mhow. It is a special economic zone.
11. Soyabean ResearchCenterHeadquarter of Madhya Pradesh finance corporation, share market of
Madhya Pradesh, Ahilyabai International Airport, Rala Mandal wild life Century, First Cricket
Club of Madhya Pradesh (Parsi Cricket Club), The first Dry port of State (Mangalya) Gomatgiri
Jain Temple, Holker Stadium of Cricket, Abhay Prashal Indore Stadium, and Rajwara, is situated
in Indore.
12. It is the Population wise biggest district of Madhya Pradesh.
13. It is also known as the city of Amir Khan.
Dhar
1. It was capital of Raja Bhoj Parmar. is also known as Dhara Nagri. He built Bhojshala Sanskrit
Mahavidhyalay.
2. Gyandoot project related to computer literacy was started in Dhar in Jan 2000
3. It is Population wise the biggest tribal district.
4. Dhar is famous for Bagh Caves and Dinosaur Park.
5. Bagh Cave is known as Ajanta caves of MP. They are related to the Buddhism.
6. Pithampur is the Industrial are of Dhar. It is known as Detroit of MP.
7. Dhar port is the birth place of Maharatha Peshwa Bajirao It was constructed by Mohammad Bin
Tughluk.
8. Phadke Studio is situated in Dhar district It was made in the memory of Raghunath Krishna
Phadke Who was the famous Artist in 1933.
9. Sardarpur Wild life century famous for Kharmaur bird is situated in Dhar.
10. Mandu of Dhar it is also known as City of Joy. It Is 35 Km away from Dhar.
11. Mandu is named after Mandapa durga which was a temple of JainTirthankaraParshvanath in 1305
Muslim Sultan of Delhi Allauddin Khilji Captured to the Malwa.
12. In 1436 Mohammad Khilji established Khilji Dynasty of Malwa and rule for 33 years. He was
succeeded by Gayasuddin Khilji. He built Jahaj Mahal for housing the women. Who was
succeeded by his sun Nasiruddin Khilji. In 1531 Mandu was conquered by Bahadur Shah of
Gujarat. Rani Roopmati palace was constructed by Baj Bahadur He also constructed Baj Bahadur
Palace. In Mandu Asarfi Palace is also situated Jahaj Mahal of Mandu was built by Gayasuddin
Khilji. Hindola Mahal is being built by Hushangshah.

14
Jhabua
1. It is a tribal district of Madhya Pradesh.
2. Meghnagar is Industrial area of Jhabua.
3. Adivasi Sodh Sanchar Kendra is situated in Jhabua.
4. Jhabua is famous for Bhagoria Hat of Bheel.
5. Kadaknath is an Indian breed of Chicken found in Jhabua where it is known as Kalimasi (Fowl
having black flesh).
6. Rock phosphate asbestos and dolomite are found in Jhabua.
Alirajpur
1. It is the least literate district of MP and India also.
2. It is the first position in Mahua production.
3. In Alirajpur Katthiwada is known as Kashmir of MP.
4. Noorjahan which is a special Type of Mango famous in the world.
5. Jobat irrigation project is situated in Mahi River.
6. Bhabra is the birth place of Chandra Shekhar Azad. He was born on 23rd July 1926 In Bhabra. His
father was Sita Ram Tiwari.
7. Its new name is Chandra Shekhar Azad Nagar.
8. The world first tribal community Radio station was launched in Bhabra on 13 July 2011. All the
programs this radio station will be broadcasted in Bhili Language.
Khargone
1. Khargone is also known as western Nimar.
2. Narmada river passes through this river.
3. Maheshwar is the historic city of Khargone It was the capital of Ahilyabai Holker.
4. Khargone is the also famous for colored cotton. It is also known for production of Chili and
Navgrah Temple.
5. Pava Giri Famous Jain temple is situated in Khargone. It is situated in Oon. It is a temple of
Shantinath the 16thTirthankara.
6. Khargone is famous for the production of cotton.
7. Training center of CISF is situated in Barwah. Barwah and Sanawad are known as twin cities
located on the two banks of Narmada river.
8. Maheshwar of Khargone is famous for Sarees and Navda Toli archeological site.
9. Sahastra dhara water fall is situated in Maheshwar. Maheshwar is also known as the film industry
of Madhya Pradesh.
10. Cotton research institute is situated in Madhya Pradesh.

15
11. The first mobile bank of country was started in Khargone.

12. Peshwa Baji Rao was died in Ravarkhedi of Khargone in April 1740. His wife was Mastani and
Kashibai.
13. First Mega food park of MP. Highest production of Ground Nut.
14. Dejla Dewra Dam constructed on Kunda river.
15. Mandleshwar religious place is situated in Khargone.
Khandwa
1. Also known as Eastern Nimar situated in South Western of Madhya Pradesh.
2. Hanuvantia Jal Mahotsav is celebrated every year on a Tapu of Indira sagar.
3. Omkareshwar National Park situated in Khandwa.
4. Omkareshwar is also known as Mamleshwar.
5. Kishor Kumar and Ashok Kumar Birth Palace is situated in Khandwa.
6. Punasa Dam is also called Indira Sagar Dam was constructed near Punasa village. Due to which
historic City Harsood Nagar was came into the Encroachment of Narmada.
7. Khandwa district situated Between Narmada and Tapti river.
8. Sant Singa Ji Samadhi Sthal is situated in Khandwa.
Barwani
1. Barwani is also known as Paris of Nimar.
2. Birth place of Bhima Nayak
3. Rice research institute situated in Barwani
4. Bawan Gaja Jain temple lord Adinatha.
5. Bhawar garh ancient fort
Burhanpur
1. Created on 15th Aug 2003 from the southern portion of Khandwa district. Tapti river flows
through the district from east to west.
2. Nepa Nagar Newspaper print Unit and Chandni thermal power plant is situated in burhanpur.
3. Fort of Asirgarh Also known as Gateway of Deccan, Mum Taj Mahal was died here.
4. Asirgarh fort was constructed by Raja Asha Ahir.
5. Burhan is also famous for the farming of Banana.
6. Tapti river passes through the Burhanpur.
7. Famous place in the district Raja ki Chhatri, Khooni Bhandara, Dargah-E-Hakim, Asirgarh fort.
8. MP‟s only Unani Medical hospital situated in Burhanpur.
9. Largest Handicraft unit of Madhya Pradesh is located in Burhanpur.

16
Rewa Division – Satna, Sidhi, Singrauli and Rewa

Satna
1. Main industries of cement are situated in Satna.
2. Birla Cement
3. Maihar Sharda Devi Mata Mandir is situated in Satna.
4. Mukundpur white tiger Safari
5. It is also the work place of Allauddin khan
6. Bharhut Stupa and Bhumra Gupta Temple is situated in Satna
7. Chhitrakut Gramodaya university was established in Chhitrakut district by Nana ji Desmukh.
8. Chhitrakut is situated in Mandakini river.
9. The Tulsi Museum Ramnagar.
10. Nagaud (Nachna kuthara parwati temple) is situated in Satna district. It is the temple of Gupta
period
11. Majhgawa of Satna famous for Dimond mines industries.
Rewa
1. The district can be divided into the four natural parts. Kaimur pahad, Vidhya Pahad, Rewa
Plateau, Lower northern plane.
2. Tons Bihad, Kewati and Bahuti rivers flow through Rewa.
3. It is the known as the land of white tiger specially for Govindgarh.
4. Tons Hydro power project situated in Sirmour.
5. Rewa is known for Mahamrityunjay Mela and Toys of Supari.
6. Police Motor workshop training center, forest Guard training school and MP‟s only Military
school, Avdhesh Pratap university is situated in Rewa.
7. Rewa is famous for the lime stone is production and JP Cement Industry.
8. Chachai water fall highest water fall in MP (130 m) is situated in Rewa on Bihad River.
Sidhi
1. Sidhi is situated in south of Kaimur range.
2. Sanjay Gandhi national park is situated here.
3. Son River passes through Sidhi.
4. Dubri and Bagdara famous for coal mining.
Singrauli
1. It is known as the energy capital of Madhya Pradesh.

17
2. Vindhya thermal power plant of National thermal power corporation is situated in Baidhan of
Singrauli.
Shahdol division – Umaria, Shahdol and Anuppur district
Anuppur
1. Came into existence 15th Aug 2013 by reorganizing Shahdol district.
2. River Narmada originated from Amarkantak situated on the Maikal hills.
3. Rivers son and Johila also originated form the Maikal hills in Anuppur district.
4. The town of the Amarkantak on the Maikal Mountain range links the Vindhyanchal and Satpura
range. At about 1067 m above mean see level. Many mythological stories relating to lord Shiva in
daughter Narmada have been Woven around this mystical town of Amarkantak.
5. Famous Temple – Narmadeshwra temple, which has a holi kund made at source river of Narmada
is most important temple of Amarkantak. Maki Bagia, Son Muda Point of the origin of Son River,
Karnamata temple.
6. The Headquarter of Indira Gandhi national tribal university is at Amarkantak.
Shahdol
1. Formed by mingling to word Shastra + dol means 1000 of pond.
2. The district has best reserve of coal mines.
3. Only district of MP where is uranium is found.
4. Sohagpur is biggest coal field of Asia.
5. Antara kalika Devi Temple
Umaria
1. District has extensive forest about 42 percent of total area is covered by forest.
2. Bandhavgarh fort place of Archeological and historical importance.
3. Johila coal valley area.
4. Umaria town shiv temple known as sagra temple. Jwala mukhi temple, Laxminarayan Temple
5. Bandhavgarh national park.
Ujjain Division – Neemach, Mandsaur, Agar Malwa, Shajapur, Dewas, Ratlam, Ujjain
Agar Malwa
1. 51 th district of MP. Established in 16th aug in 2013
2. MP‟s first cow century (Gau Abhyaran) in Susner tehsil.
Mandsaur
1. Ancient name Das Pur situated in the bank of shivna river.
2. It is the also famous for large production of Opium around the world.

18
3. Mandsaur is rich in archeological and historical heritage. But what makes its famous is the temple
of Lord Pashupati Nath.
4. It is regarded as the birth place of Rawan‟s Wife Mandodari.
5. The most common language is Malwi Rajasthani, and Hindi mixed.
6. The slate pencil industry is the main industry of region.
7. Gandhi Sagar Dam divided city into two parts. East Mandsaur and West Mandsaur. Dam is
constructed on Chambal river.
8. Gandhi Sagar Wild life century, Yasovarman in script of Mandsaur is famous.
9. Indergarh and Hinglajgarh are archeological heritage of Mandsaur.
10. Mandsaur fort are constructed by Alluddin Khilji.
11. Gandhi Sagar Hydropower plant which in Bhanpura Mandsaur.
12. Horticulture School situated in Mandsaur .
Neemuch
1. Decleared a separate district on 30th June 1998. Earlier as a part of Mandsaur district.
2. The 1857 revolt began in Madhya Pradesh from Neemuch on 3rd June 1857.
3. Tomb of Baba Sahabuddin is in Neemuch.
4. Jhantla first gram Nvayalaya of MP (2001 situated in Neemuch)
5. Alkaloid factory situated in Neemuch.
6. Also known as birth place of CRPF.
7. India‟s Eye donation capital (Highest per Capita eye donation rate in the country)
8. Kukdeshwar ancient archeological site.
Ratlam
1. Famous for Ratlam Sev Namkeen.
2. Jaora sugar mill situated in Ratlam district.
3. Salina wild life century are famous for Kharmour bird conservation. Also, famous for cactus
garden.
4. Many Archeological site is found in Khoriapada, Narsinghpada, Birmawal, found in Ratlam.
5. Ratlam district is famous for sprit industry and Selkhedi.
6. Hussain tekri at Jaora situated in Ratlam district.
7. Ratlam, Jaora, Sailana, Piploda were princely state.
Shajapur
1. Earlier known as Kankdi kheda present name came after the Mughal empire Shahjahan. He visited
the town.
2. Maxi industrial area of Shajapur.

19
3. Rajeshwari temple one of the famous shakti temple of Shajapur.

4. Shajapur situated between Kalisindh and Parbati river.
Ujjain
1. It is known as city of Mahakal.
2. Ujjain was the capital of Avanti Mahajanpad.
3. Pradyot dynasty was the famous dynasty of Ujjain in 6th century BC
4. Ujjain is also the city of Kalidas.
5. Sandipani Ashram, Bhrathari Caves, Nagda Synthetic fiber mil, Jantar Mantar Temple of Mangal
Nath Vaishya Tekari, Mahakal Temple, Kaytha Archeological site is situated in Ujjain.
6. Ujjain is situated at the bank of Kshipra river.
7. Mahakumbh is celebrated in Ujjain after every Twelve years.
8. Kalidas Academy is situated in Ujjain.
Dewas
1. Dewas is the industrial city. It is known for currency printing press leader complex.
2. Dewas is also the origin of Kali Sindh river (Bagli Gaon).
3. Dewas is famous for Chamunda Devi Temple.
4. Jamgodrani is the famous for Wind power mills.
5. Dewas is also the resident of great singer Kumar Gandharwa.

20
Constitutional Machinery of Madhya Pradesh

Governor
All the executive powers of Madhya Pradesh Government lie in Governor. But the Governor acts
as a nominal head and the real executive powers are exercised by the Council of Ministers headed
by the Chief Minister.
Appointment
The Governor of a State is appointed by the President of India. In order to become a Governor, a
person must have the following qualifications:
a. Must be a citizen of India
b. Must be at least 35 years old
c. Should not hold any office of profit during his or her tenure
d. If a person is a member of either House of the Parliament or the Legislature of a State, or a
member of the Council of Ministers at the national or the state level and is appointed as
Governor, he or she resigns that post.
The Governor is appointed for a term of five years but normally holds office during the pleasure of
the President. However, in reality, while appointing or removing the Governor, the President goes
by the advice of the Prime Minister.
List of governors of Madhya Pradesh
S. No. Name Period
1 Shri BhograjuPattabhiSitaramaiya 01.11.1956 to 13.06.1957
2 Padma Vibhushan Shri Hari Vinayak Pataskar 14.06.1957 to 10.02.1965
3 Shri KyasamballiChengalrao Reddy 11.02.1965 to 02.02.1966
4 Justice P. V. Dixit (Acting) 03.02.1966 to 09.02.1966
5 Shri KyasamballiChengalrao Reddy 10.02.1966 to 07.03.1971
6 Shri Satyanarayan Sinha 08.03.1971 to 13.10.1977
7 Shri Niranjan Nath Wanchoo 14.10.1977 to 16.08.1978
8 CheppudiraMuthanaPoonacha 17.08.1978 to 29.04.1980
9 Dr. Bhagwat Dayal Sharma 30.04.1980 to 25.05.1981
10 Justice G. P. Singh (Acting) 26.05.1981 to 09.07.1981
12 Justice G. P. Singh (Acting) 21.09.1983 to 07.10.1983

21
14 Shri K. M. Chandy 15.05.1984 to 30.11.1987

15 Justice N. D. Ojha (Acting) 01.12.1987 to 29.12.1987
16 Shri K. M. Chandy 30.12.1987 to 30.03.1989
17 Smt. Sarla Grewal 31.03.1989 to 05.02.1990
18 Shri Kunwar Mahmood Ali Khan 06.02.1990 to 23.06.1993
19 Dr. Mohd. Shafi Qureshi 24.06.1993 to 21.04.1998
20 Dr. Bhai Mahavir 22.04.1998 to 06.05.2003
21 Shri Ram Prakash Gupta 07.05.2003 to 01.05.2004
22 Shri Krishna Mohan Seth (Acting) 02.05.2004 to 29.06.2004
23 Dr. Bal Ram Jakhar 30.06.2004 to 29.06.2009
24 Shri Rameshwar Thakur 30.06.2009 to 08.09.2011
25 Shri Ram Naresh Yadav 08.09.2011 to 07.09.2016
26 Shri Om Prakash Kohli (Additional charge) 08.09.2016 to 23.01.2018
27 Smt. Anandiben Patel 23.01.2018 to 28.07.2019
28 Shri Lal Ji Tandon 29.07.2019 to 1st July 2020
29 Smt. Anandiben Patel (Additional charge) 21st July 2020 to Present
Chief Minister
The Council of Ministers with the Chief Minister as its head functions as the real executive. Their
term of office is for five years, but they remain in office till they enjoy the support of the majority
in the Assembly.
Following Madhya Pradesh's reorganization on 1 November 1956, 18 people have served as its
chief minister. Twelve of these belonged to the Indian National Congress and 7 from non-congress
Parties. The first non-Congress chief minister was Govind Narayan Singh who defected from the
party and led a Samyukta Vidhayak Dal government from 1967 to 1969. Digvijaya Singh of the
Congress became the first officeholder to serve two full five-year terms. He was succeeded by
Uma Bharti of the Bhartiya Janata Party, Madhya Pradesh's only woman chief minister. Shiv Raj
Singh Chouhan of the Bhartiya Janata Party is the longest serving and current incumbent.
Appointment
Chief Minister is appointed by Governor of state. The chief minister is elected through a majority
in the state legislative assembly. He should be the member of State Legislative council Vidhan
Sabha. If a person who is appointed as the Chief Minister or a Minister, is not a member of the
State Legislative council, he or she has to become member of any of the two houses within six

22
months of his/her appointment. The portfolios or different ministries are allocated to the Ministers
by the Governor on the advice of the Chief Minister.
Functions
Chief Minister is the executive Head of the Government in the State. He or She plays very
important roles.
a. He advises the Governor on the appointment of Council of Ministers and allocation of portfolios
to them
b. He presides over the meetings of the State Council of Ministers and also coordinates the
functioning of different ministers
c. He guides the framing of the policies and programs for the State and gives approvals of the Bills
that are introduced by the Ministers in the State Legislature
d. He is the sole link of communication between the Council of Ministers and the Governor
Position of the Chief Minister
The Chief Minister is the real executive head of the State. It is he/she who formulates the policies
and guides the Council of Ministers to implement them. He or She is the most powerful
functionary, especially when one political party has an absolute majority in the Legislative
Assembly. But if he or she heads a coalition government, the role gets restricted by the pulls and
pressures of other partners of the coalition.
Chief Ministers of Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh was formed in 1956 and since then, 32 times the swearing-in ceremony of Chief
Ministers has been done in state. Out of which 18 persons have been sworn in as Chief Ministers.
Out of which 11 are from the Indian National Congress and 7 from non-congress Parties.The first
non-Congress chief minister was Govind Narayan Singh who defected from the party and led a
Samyukta Vidhayak Dal government from 1967 to 1969. Digvijaya Singh of the Congress became
the first officeholder to serve two full five-year terms. He was succeeded by Uma Bharti of the
Bhartiya Janata Party, Madhya Pradesh's only woman chief minister. Shiv Raj Singh Chouhan of
the Bhartiya Janata Party is the longest serving and current incumbent.
In 1935, state was divided into three provinces Madhya Prant, Mahakaushal and Berar. The three
were collectively known as Central Provinces. In assembly elections of 1937, Narayan Bhaskar
Khare was appointed as Prime Minister of Central Province. The Congress ministries resigned in
October and November 1939, in protest against Viceroy Lord Linlithgow's action of declaring
India to be a belligerent in the Second World War without consulting the Indian people.
In the assembly elections of 1946, Pandit Ravi Shankar Shukla was appointed as the new Prime
Minister of Central Province. He enjoyed his office from 27 April 1946 to 26 January 1950.

23
In republic India on 26 January 1950 Executive head of state was given new designation chief
minister in place of Prime Minister. On 1st November 1956, Ravishankar Shukla appointed as first
Chief Minister of the newly formed Madhya Pradesh and he remained the Chief Minister of
Madhya Pradesh till the first assembly elections in 1957 in Madhya Pradesh.
Appointment
Just like the Prime Minister, provisions of whose appointment are not mentioned in the Indian
Constitution, Chief Minister‟s appointment particulars are not mentioned in the Constitution.
According to Article 164 in the Indian Constitution, Governor appoints Chief Minister. However,
the Governor cannot appoint any random person as the Chief Minister but has to follow a
provision.
 A leader of the party that has got the majority share of votes in the assembly elections, is
appointed as the Chief Minister of the state.
 When no party gets a majority in the elections, governor exercises his own discretion and appoint
a Chief Minister accordingly. In a case where no party has won the majority votes, Governor
appoints the member of the largest party or one from the coalition (if occurs) as the Chief Minister
and then he has to prove confidence within a specified time.
 If the incumbent dies in the office, Governor at his own discretion can appoint a Chief Minister
however, the ruling party nominates a member and Governor usually appoints that person as the
Chief Minister. This person then has to prove confidence within a specified time.
 A person not belonging to house of Legislative Assembly can also be appointed as the Chief
Minister, however, within six months of his tenure as a CM he should be elected to house without
which he ceases to be a CM.
Functions
Chief Minister is the executive Head of the Government in the State. He or She plays very
important roles.
1. He advises the Governor on the appointment of Council of Ministers and allocation of portfolios
to them.
2. He presides over the meetings of the State Council of Ministers and also coordinates the
functioning of different ministers.
3. He guides the framing of the policies and programs for the State and gives approvals of the Bills
that are introduced by the Ministers in the State Legislature.
4. He is the sole link of communication between the Council of Ministers and the Governor

24
Position of the Chief Minister

The Chief Minister is the real executive head of the State. It is he/she who formulates the policies
and guides the Council of Ministers to implement them. He or She is the most powerful
functionary, especially when one political party has an absolute majority in the Legislative
Assembly. But if he or she heads a coalition government, the role gets restricted by the pulls and
pressures of other partners of the coalition.
Name
N Tenure
Ravi
1 Shankar Shukla (Congress) 1 Nov 1956 31 Dec 1956 60 days
1
Bhagwant
2 Rao Mandloi 9 Jan 1957 30 Jan 1957 21 days
(Congress)
Kailash
3 Nath Katju (Congress) 31 Jan 1957 14 Mar 1957 5 years, 39 days
14 Mar 1957 11 Mar 1962
Bhagwant Rao Mandloi 12 Mar 1962 29 Sep 1963 1 year, 201 days
(Congress)
Dwarka
4 Prasad Mishra (Congress) 30 Sep 1963 8 Mar 1967 3 years, 302 days
8 Mar 1967 29 July 1967
Govind
5 Narayan Singh (Samyukta 30 July 1967 12 Mar 1969 1 year, 225 days
Vidhayak Dal)
6Naresh Chandra Singh (Samyukta 13 Mar 1969 25 Mar 1969 12 days

Vidhayak Dal)
7Shyama Charan Shukla 26 Mar 1969 28 Jan 1972 2 years, 308 days
(Congress)
8Prakash Chandra Sethi 29 Jan 1972 22 Mar 1972 3 years, 328 days
(Congress)
23 Mar 1972 23 Dec 1975
Shyama Charan Shukla 23 Dec 1975 30 Apr 1977 1 year, 128 days
(Congress)

25
–Vacant 30 Apr 1977 23 June 1977 54 days

(President's rule)
9Kailash Chandra Joshi(Janata 24 June 1977 17 Jan 1978 207 days

Party)
1Virendra Kumar Sakhlecha 18 Jan 1978 19 Jan 1980 2 years, 1 day
0(Janata Party)
1Sundar Lal Patwa (Janata Party) 20 Jan 1980 17 Feb 1980 28 days
1
–(President's rule) 17 Feb 1980 9 June 1980 113 days
1Arjun Singh (Congress) 9 June 1980 10 Mar 1985 4 years, 276 days
2
11 Mar 1985 12 Mar 1985
1Motilal Vora (Congress) 13 Mar 1985 13 Feb 1988 2 years, 337 days
3
Arjun Singh (Congress) 14 Feb 1988 23 Jan 1989 344 days
Motilal Vora (Congress) 25 Jan 1989 9 Dec 1989 318 days
Shyama Charan Shukla 9 Dec 1989 1 Mar 1990 82 days

(Congress)
Sundar Lal Patwa (BJP) 5 March 1990 15 Dec 1992 2 years, 285 days
–Vacant (President's rule) 15 Dec 1992 6 Dec 1993 355 days
1Dig Vijaya Singh (Congress) 7 Dec 1993 1 Dec 1998 10 years,

4
1 Dec 1998 7 Dec 2003
1Uma Bharti (BJP) 8 Dec 2003 23 Aug 2004 259 days

5
1Babulal Gaur (BJP) 23 Aug 2004 29 Nov 2005 1 year, 98 days
6
1Shiv Raj Singh Chouhan (BJP) 29 Nov 2005 12 Dec 2008 13 years, 17 days
7
12 Dec 2008 13 Dec 2013
14 Dec 2013 17 Dec 2018
1Kamal Nath (Congress) 17 Dec 2018 23 March 2020 1 year, 97 days

8
Shiv Raj Singh Chouhan (BJP) 23 Mar 2020 Incumbent

26
1. Ravi Shankar Shukla (01/11/1956 to 31/12/1956)

Pandit Ravi Shankar Shukla was born to Pandit Jagganath Shukla and Tulsi Devi on 2 August
1877, at Sagar in the Central Provinces of British India. Born into a wealthy family, his father and
grandfather were rich and scholarly. Pandit Shukla graduated in 1895, aged 22 years. The same
year he joined Hislop College Nagpur as a Fellow for six months to study Law.
He started his law practice in Raipur. In the year 1900 there was famine in Chhattisgarh. Pt.
Shukla, wrote a letter to Chief Commissioner of the State expressing his desire to serve in some
way, the famine-affected people of the area. The Chief Commissioner offered Pt. Shukla a
position to work as a famine officer at Borda camp (44 miles from Raipur towards Saraipali and 8
miles from Sirpur). The young Pt. Shukla served the famine-affected people with such zest and
vigour that he became a hero for the people of Saraipali. Later, Saraipalli became center of his
political activities. He was elected as an MLA from Saraipali in the 1946 assembly elections.
After the beginning of the anti-British movements in the country from the Swadeshi movement,
Pandit Ravi Shankar Shukla started working as a freedom fighter and influenced by the ideas of
Mahatma Gandhi. He also played an active role in the Non-Cooperation Movement, Civil
Disobedience Movement and Quit India Movement.
The introduction of various schemes, establishment of industries, commissioning of Bhilai Steel
Plant and starting of many universities were amongst the great achievements. The state of Madhya
Pradesh remained fully peaceful during his regime. Shuklaji had played the leading role in the
merger of states, particularly the merger of Hyderabad into the Republic which Vallabh Bhai Patel
appreciated whole heartedly. In spite of being very religious minded, he was very liberal to other
religions. He laid special emphasis on the upliftment of women. He was a staunch opponent of
illiteracy, purdah and dowry system.
The first elections to the Vidhan Sabha of Madhya Pradesh were announced in 1957. In which
Pandit Ravi Shankar Shukla demanded ticket to Congress High Command for his friend Dwarka
Prasad Mishra and his son Vidya Charan Shukla but Pandit Nehru did not like Ravi Shankar
Shukla and Dwarka Prasad Mishra. The ticket was refused and Ravi Shankar Shukla was also
instructed not to contest in the elections. Pandit Ravi Shankar Shukla was greatly hurt by this
decision of the Congress High Command and the next day, on 31 December 1956 in Delhi, Pandit
Ravi Shankar Shukla dies of a heart attack.
2. Bhagwant Rao Mandloi (01/01/1957 to 30/01/1957)
He was born 1892 in Khandwa district of Madhya Pradesh and died in 1977. After the death of
Pandit Ravi Shankar Shukla, Bhagwant Rao Mandloi was appointed as acting Chief Minister of
the state, but Pandit Nehru wanted his close Kailash Nath Katju, to become the next Chief

27
Minister of Madhya Pradesh. That‟s why Bhagwant Rao Mandloi resigned. In the second
assembly elections in 1962, Kailash Nath Katju lost election from Jaora seat. Bhagwant Rao
Mandloi again became Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh and served for 12 March 1962 to 29
September 1963. He was succeeded by Dwarka Prasad Mishra in 1963. Reason for the removal of
Bhagwant Rao Mandloi as Chief Minister was „K. The Kamarajan Plan. According to which all
the ministers and chief ministers of Congress who have completed 75 years of age, will have to
leave their administrative posts and work for the party.
3. Kailash Nath Katju (15/04/1957 to 11/03/1962)
Kailash Nath Katju was a prominent leader and lawyers. Kailash Nath Katju was born in the
princely state of Jaora of Madhya Pradesh on 17 June 1887. His family were Kashmiri Pandits
who had settled in Jaora. His father Tribhuwan Nath Katju was a former dewan of the state. He
was sent to Lahore to study at the Rangmahal High School. He passed his matriculation
examination from Panjab University the following year before completing his graduation from
Forman Christian College, Lahore, in March 1905.
In July that year, he joined the Muir Central College in Allahabad. In September 1907, he received
a degree in laws from the Allahabad University. In 1908, he received a master's degree in history
from the same university. He began legal profession that year in Kanpur before moving to
Allahabad in 1914. He completed his doctorate in law, the LL.D. from Allahabad University in
1919, joining the Allahabad High Court as an advocate in 1921.
Katju defended the accused in the Meerut Conspiracy Case in Allahabad High Court in 1933 and
later the military officers accused at the Indian National Army trials at the Red Fort in Delhi. On
17 July 1937, he became the Minister of Law and Justice and Parliamentary Affairs of the United
Provinces in the Govind Ballabh Pant's cabinet. He was elected to the legislature from the
constituency of Allahabad district. The ministry resigned on 2 November 1939 and soon Katju
was imprisoned for 18 months. He was again imprisoned in 1942. He also served in the
Constituent Assembly of India. Between 1935 and 1937, he served as the chairman of the
Allahabad Municipal Board, and later as chancellor of Prayag Mahila Vidyapith, Allahabad.
Following the independence of India, Katju held many high political positions. Initially he was
made the Governor of Orissa from 15 August 1947 to 20 June 1948. He became the Governor of
West Bengal on 21 June 1948 and was in office till 31 October 1951. In 1951 he was elected to
the Lok Sabha from the Mandsaur constituency, joining the cabinet of Jawaharlal Nehru as Law
Minister in 1951. In November 1951 he succeeded C. Rajagopalachari as the country's third Home
Minister. In 1955 he was made the Defence Minister. He became the Chief Minister of Madhya
Pradesh on 31 January 1957, remaining in office till 11 March 1962. He also held the portfolios

28
for general administration, home, publicity, planning and development, co-ordination and anti-
corruption.
Katju and his wife Rup Kishori had five children together: three sons and two daughters. Son
Brahma Nath Katju served as chief justice of the Allahabad High Court. The eldest son, Shiva
Nath, served as a judge at the same Court, and also as member of the Uttar Pradesh legislature.
Shiv Nath's son (Kailash Nath's grandson), Markandey Katju, served as a judge in the Supreme
Court of India. His granddaughter, Tilottama Mukherji, a professor at the New York University,
was the first wife of politician and former diplomat Shashi Tharoor.
He was one of the founders of Associated Journals Ltd. and one of the seven original subscribers
of the Memorandum of Association of the company which published National Herald and two
other newspapers. His shares were taken over by a company formed and closely held by Sonia
Gandhi and her son Rahul Gandhi and two others in 2012. There is a legal case of criminal
conspiracy in this regard against them in a court of law in Delhi. Katju was died on 17 February
1968 at his residence in Allahabad from kidney failure. Dr Kailash Nath Katju wrote many books,
the days I remember is famous among them.
4. Dwarka Prasad Mishra (09/03/1967 to 29/07/1967)
He was born 1901 in Pandari village of Unnao, Uttar Pradesh. Dwarka Prasad Mishra was one
among the close friends of first Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh, Pandit Ravi Shankar Shukla.
He participated in the freedom struggle served as an active member of the Congress Party. He was
also a journalist and writer. He composed three magazines Lokmat, Sharda and Sarthi. In 1937, he
was elected as MLA and joined cabinet in Central Provinces and Berar under Chief minister ship
of N B Khare He was among the three ministers, along with Ravi Shankar Shukla and D S Mehta,
who were sacked by the Governor in June 1938 on the recommendation of Khare. This episode
resulted in disciplinary action against Khare by Indian National Congress and his ouster as Chief
minister. Mishra joined the new cabinet under Ravi Shankar Shukla and served till October 1939.
On 7 October 1950, The People's Liberation Army invaded the Tibet. Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru did
not protested to the China. Dwarka Prasad Mishra opposed Nehru on the matter of Tibet and
resigned from the Congress party. He formed a new party Bhartiya Lok Congress . In the general
elections of 1952, he contested from three places on the ticket of his newly assembled party but he
lost from all three places. Consequently his political life was drowned in dark.
Due to his close association with Pandit Ravi Shankar Shukla, he was appointed as the Vice
Chancellor of Sagar University. Later he met Uma Shankar Dixit, who was one among the best
advisors of Smt. Indira Gandhi. With help of Uma Shankar Dixit Dwarika Prasad Mishra came
Close to Smt. Indira Gandhi. This relation benefited him and he got ticket from Kasalol seat of

29
Madhya Pradesh in 1963 and became a member of Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly. After
resignation of Bhagwant Rao Mandloi he was appointed Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh. He
served as the Chief Minister till 1967. The Congress won the Assembly elections in 1967 and
Dwarka Prasad Mishra was again made the Chief Minister of State. He, along with Chandra
Bhanu Gupta (Chief Minister, UP) were instrumental in getting the power sharing formula
between Indira Gandhi and Morar ji Desai post 1967 elections. It gave the Deputy PM post to
Desai, but the agreement broke down in 1969 and Congress split. He died in 1988.
5. Govind Narayan Singh (30/07/1967 to 12/03/1969)
He was born to Awadhesh Pratap Singh, the first chief minister of Vindhya Pradesh and Maharaj
Kumari. He received his PhD from the Benaras Hindu University (BHU) in literature. He had five
sons and one daughter. His sons Harsh Singh is MLA from Rampur-Baghelan constituency and
Dhruv Narayan Singh was an M.L.A from Bhopal Madhya (Vidhan Sabha constituency) to
Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly.
He won Lok Sabha elections from Rampur-Baghelan constituency in the 1952. He was appointed
as Minister of irrigation in Dwarka Prasad Mishra government in 1967. Initially, Govind Narayan
Singh worked seamlessly with Dwarka Prasad Mishra but later decided to create a different path
for himself, upset by Dwarka Prasad Mishra's rude attitude.
At the same time, member of parliament from Gwalior Rajmata Vijaya Raje Scindia was
searching the political base for her son Madhav Rao Scindia. She asked Dwarika Prasad to submit
Madhav Rao in his Cabinet. But Dwarika Prasad Mishra refused her request because he was
against monarchy. Hence Dwarika Prasad Mishra increased the list of his enemies. Govind
Narayan Singh, took advantage of this situation. He rebelled against Dwarka Prasad Mishra and he
resigned from the Congress party. He formed a new political party known as the Lok Sewak Dal
and became the Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh as the leader of a coalition, known as the
Samyukta Vidhayak Dal (Samvid). He was the chief minister of the state from 30 July 1967 to 12
March 1969.
Thus the first non-Congress government came into existence in Madhya Pradesh. He was helped
by Rajmata Vijaya Raje Scindia, so she started to interfere in Government. Due to the result of
which he lost control on administration. All his time was spent in saving his government and
corruption was reached at its peak. Govind Narayan Singh proved incapable to handle all these
issues and eventually started thinking of joining Congress again.
6. Raja Naresh Chandra Singh (13/03/1969 to 25/03/1969)
Raja Nareshchandra Singh was the last ruler of the Princely State of Sarangarh till the merger of
his State into the union of India on 1 January 1948. After independence, he joined the Indian

30
National Congress and won the first General Election held in 1951 for the State assembly of
Madhya Pradesh. He represented Sarangarh Vidhan Sabha constituency by winning the 1951 and
1957 Assembly Election and Pussore Vidhan Sabha constituency by winning the Assembly
election of 1962 and 1967. He was made Cabinet Minister in 1952 in Madhya Pradesh in Pandit
Ravishankar Shukla's ministry and was given the portfolio of Electricity and Public Works
departments. He headed the team in 1954 which created a separate department within the
government to take care of the welfare of the Scheduled Tribes, christened The Directorate of
Tribal Welfare. He was made the first Minister for Tribal Welfare in M.P. in 1955 and continued
in this post till he became the Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh in 1969 (13 March 1969 to 25
March 1969).
When Govind Narayan Singh became chief minister in 1969, Raja Naresh Chandra was not
placed in government which upset him. When Govind Narayan Singh failed to run allied
government, Raja Naresh Chandra claimed to form government with help of some of the Congress
and other MLAs. Thus on 13 March 1969, Raja Naresh Chandra Singh was sworn in as the Chief
Minister of Madhya Pradesh but only 13 days after taking the oath, the MLAs withdrew their
support and again favored to Govind Narayan Singh. Thus government fell in just 13 days.
Disgusted with the way politics had come to be practiced, he resigned from his post of Chief
Minister, from the membership of the State Assembly and quit politics. In his later years he took
to social work towards upliftment of people in Chhattisgarh. He is first tribal chief minister of
state.
7. Shyama Charan Shukla (26/03/1969 to 28/01/1972)
He was born in Raipur, Chhattisgarh in 1925. His father Ravi Shankar Shukla was the first Chief
Minister of Madhya Pradesh and his brother Vidya Charan Shukla, considered a close friend of
Sanjay Gandhi was the External Affairs Minister of India. Shyama Charan Shukla was considered
the most handsome leader of his time, he was also called Dilip Kumar of politics.
In 1969, when Raja Naresh Chandra Singh's government fell in just 13 days, Dwarika Prasad
Mishra may be the next chief minister but the allegations of rigging of DP Mishra in the 1963
Kaslol by polls were proved in the High Court. Due to which he was banned for 6 years, hence the
next name for the office of chief minister came in form of Shyama Charan Shukla. In the fourth
month of his tenure, he faced the challenge of Indira. In 1969 Indira Gandhi rebelled against
Congress and formed a new party, Indian National Congress (Requisitions). She wanted Shyama
Charan Shukla to support her but Shyama Charan Shukla did not support Indira. Due to which he
had to face anger of Indira.

31
Shyama Charan Shukla won from his seat in the 1972 Madhya Pradesh Assembly Elections but he
was replaced by Prakash Chandra Sethi as the new Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh at Indira's
behest. Thus Shyama Charan Shukla was lost in the darkness of oblivion for the next three years.
In 1975, when his younger brother Vidyacharan Shukla became a close friend of Sanjay Gandhi,
at the behest of Sanjay Gandhi, Prakash Chandra Sethi was called to Delhi and again Shyama
Charan Shukla was made the Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh. When the Madhya Pradesh
Assembly elections were held in 1977, the entire state was angry with Indira's emergency and
Shyama Charan Shukla suffered. He lost the election from his assembly seat Rajim. In this
election Janata Dal formed government and Kailash Joshi became chief minister of Madhya
Pradesh. After this, Shyama Charan Shukla was again disappeared in the streets of politics. In
1989 he becomes the Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh again due to his proximity to Rajiv
Gandhi. Shukla served as the 7th Chief minister of the Madhya Pradesh on three separate
occasions. Firstly from 26 March 1969 to 28 January 1972 then from 23 December 1975 to 29
April 1977 and finally from 9 December 1989 to 4 March 1990. He was a member of Lok Sabha
from Mahasamund in 1999.
8. Prakash Chandra Sethi (23/03/1972 to 22/12/1975)
Prakash Chandra Sethi was born on 20 October 1920 in Jhalra Patan, Rajasthan, and died in 1996.
Prakash Chandra Sethi was considered a close advisor to Indira Gandhi. During his tenure in the
central government, Sethi was elected from the Indore constituency. He also held a number of
positions in the Central Government of India - Home Minister, Defence Minister, Minister of
External Affairs, Finance Minister, Railways, and Housing and Development. He is also known
for his efforts for surrender of dacoits from Chambal region of Madhya Pradesh in 1976 while
holding the post of Union Petroleum and Chemicals Minister. PC Sethi was widely respected by
the people of Indore and nation for his work.
It was a coincidence for him to become the Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh because he had
done most of his work in Delhi and was unknown for politics of Madhya Pradesh. He was
appointed as chief minister of Madhya Pradesh on the wish of Smt. Indira Gandhi because she did
not want to see Shyama Charan Shukla as next Chief minister of state. He was appointed as the
8th Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh (1972–75). He was twice the chief minister of the state
from 29 January 1972 to 22 March 1972 and 23 March 1972 to 22 December 1975.
President's rule (30/04/1977 to 25/06/1977)
Vidhan Sabha elections were to be held in 1977 in Madhya Pradesh, but the Emergency was
already in force in the entire country, due to which elections could not be held on time and
President's rule had to be implemented in Madhya Pradesh for 3 months.

32
9. Kailash Chandra Joshi (26/06/1977 to 17/01/1978)

Kailash Chandra Joshi was born on 14 July 1929 at a place called Hatpipliya in Dewas. Joshi
started his political career as an activist of the Jana Sangh. During Emergency he went jail due to
the protest against the Indira government. He is the first Congress non-connected person to
become the Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh. Though Govind Narayan Singh is said to be the
first non-Congress Chief Minister but he was connected to Congress.
He served six months as the 9th Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh, from June 1977 to January
1978 as a member of Janata Party. He was MLA for eight consecutive terms from 1962 to 1998
from Bagli constituency of Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly as a member of Jana Sangh,
briefly Janata Party, and finally BJP.
In 1977, Joshi is admitted to AIIMS Hospital in Delhi for treatment of his sleeping sickness and
after three days, he was removed from the office of Chief Minister. He was replaced by Virendra
Kumar Sakklecha. His son, Deepak Joshi was the MLA for Bagli from 2003-2008 and later, the
MLA for Hatpipliya from 2008-2018.
10. Virendra Kumar Sakhlecha (18/01/1978 to 19/01/1980)
He was born on March 1930 in Mandsaur district of Madhya Pradesh. Sakhlecha was born on 4
March 1930. He came close to the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh at a tender age and joined
Sangh in 1945. He was made Leader of the Opposition in the Madhya Pradesh Legislative
Assembly in 1962 by Kushabhau Thakre when Jana Sangh won 41 MLAs to the 288-seat
assembly. In 1967, Govind Narayan Singh an Indian National Congress candidate along with
Vijayaraje Scindia rebelled against Dwarka Prasad Mishra and formed a new political party
known as the Lok Sewak Dal and became the Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh as the leader of a
coalition, known as the Samyukta Vidhayak Dal which included Jana Sangh also. Sakhlecha was
named the Deputy Chief Minister of the state from 30 July 1967 to 12 March 1969.
In 1971 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, he lost an election to Kanhiyalal Nagauri
a Congress candidate. Sakhlecha was sent to Rajya Sabha. During the Indian Emergency, he went
to jail under Maintenance of Internal Security Act. Post Emergency, Kailash Joshi was made the
Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh and Sakhalecha became number two in the government but in
January 1978, Sakhalecha became Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh. In January 1980, Jana
Sangh removed Sakhalecha and replaced Sundar Lal Patwa as Chief Minister which lasted for 28
days as Indira Gandhi returned to the center and sacked the Patwa government in Madhya
Pradesh. Due to in-fightings with Patwa, Sakhlecha left the newly formed version of Jana Sangh
called Bharatiya Janata Party, Sakhalecha formed his own party called Madhya Pradesh Janata
Party. He lost 1985 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election to Chunnilal Dhakad of Indian

33
National Congress. Sakhlecha returned to Bharatiya Janata Party in 1990 with condition that no
post will be given to him. During 1998 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, he
rebelled against Bharatiya Janata Party as he was refused a ticket and contested the poll as an
independent. He lost the election from Jawad to Ghanshyam Patidar of Indian National Congress
by 8,893 votes. He died on 31 May 1999. After his death, his son Om Prakash Sakhlecha won
many an election on BJP ticket.
11. Sundar Lal Patwa (20/01/1980 to 17/02/1980)
He was born in Kukareswar, Neemach in 1924, his father Mannalal Patwa was a businessman and
was connected to RSS. The credit for bringing him into politics goes to Kushabhau Thackeray. He
was Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh twice, from 20 January 1980 to 17 February 1980 as
member of Janata Party and from 5 March 1990 to 15 December 1992 as leader of Bhartiya Janta
Party. He began his political career with Jana Sangh which merged with Janata Party in 1977.
Later members owing allegiance to Jana Sangh's Hindutva ideology broke away from Janata Party
in 1980 to form Bhartiya Janata Party. He was first elected to Lok Sabha via bye-poll in
Chhindwara in 1997 by defeating Congress strongman Kamal Nath in his home turf. He lost from
Chhindwara in 1998 General Election. In 1999, he was elected to the Lok Sabha from
Hoshangabad constituency, and was minister in Atal Bihari Vajpayee Government from 1999 to
2001. As a legislator, he was known as strict disciplinarian. He was associated with Indore Rajya
Praja Mandal since 1941, R.S.S. since 1942 and R.S.S. Vistarak, 1947-51.
He was Detained under M.I.S.A. during Emergency from June 1975 to January 1977. He was
awarded the "Vidhan Gaurav" in the All-India Conference of Presiding Officers, 1989. He died on
28 December 2016 in Bhopal due to a heart attack at the age of 92. He is survived by his wife and
a joint family of 4 brothers and their sons and daughters and grandchildren.
On January 26, 1980, Patwa became the Chief Minister and on the same day the Janata Party
government fell in the Parliament, after which the Congress government led by Indira in the
elections sacked the non-Congress ruled governments including government of Madhya Pradesh.
President's rule was imposed in Madhya Pradesh. Again in 1980 assembly elections, Congress
government was formed and Arjun became the new Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh.
Patwa became Chief Minister of state in 5 March 1990, in this election BJP won 220/320 seats.
Due to the Babri Masjid demolition in 1992, many states of the country including Madhya
Pradesh's Bhopal also witnessed terrible riots, Patwa government failed to control situation.
That‟s why his government is dismissed by the Central Government and President's rule in the
state is imposed.

34

12. Arjun Singh (09/06/1980 to 10/03/1985)
He was born in 1930 in a place called Churhat of Sidhi. Singh's father was Rao Shiv Bahadur
Singh of Churhat thikana. His son Ajay Singh aka Rahul Bhaiya is former leader of opposition in
Madhya Pradesh assembly. His grandson Kunwar Aishwarya Singh is married to Devyani Rana,
great-granddaughter of Shree Tin Maharaja Mohan Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana, former Prime
Minister of Nepal. She is daughter of Nepalese politician Pashupati Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana
and Usha Raje Scindia, daughter of Gwalior King Jivaji Rao Scindia.
His father Rawashiv Bahadur Singh was active in politics from the very beginning. Arjun Singh
won first time in the 1957 Madhya Pradesh Assembly Elections. He served as Minister of State for
Agriculture, General Administration Department (GAD) and Information & Public Relations,
Government of Madhya Pradesh from September 1963 to December 1967, Minister of Planning
and Development, Government of Madhya Pradesh in 1967, Minister of Education, Government
of Madhya Pradesh from 1972 to 77, Leader of Opposition, Madhya Pradesh Legislative
Assembly from 1977 to 80.
The Congress won a landslide victory in the Madhya Pradesh Assembly elections in 1980 and
Arjun Singh was appointed the Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh and completed a successful
five-year term. In the 1985 assembly elections again, the Congress government was formed and
Arjun Singh again became the Chief Minister of the state only for one day because Rajiv Gandhi's
government decided to appoint him as the Governor of Punjab. In this way Arjun Singh is Chief
Minister of Madhya Pradesh for the shortest time.
After this, he again served as the Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh from 14 February 1988 to 24
January 1989, but this time Arjun Singh's fascination had dissolved from the Congress and due to
the increasing distance from Rajiv Gandhi, he had to work within the Congress. It was difficult, so
at the behest of Rajiv Gandhi, he is removed from the post of Chief Minister and Motilal Vora is
appointed as the Chief Minister. From June 1991 to December 1994 and again from May 2004 to
May 2009 he enjoyed as the Minister of Human Resource Development, Government of India.
Arjun Singh was the Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh when the deadly gas leak from the Union
Carbide factory occurred. It is widely alleged that on the fateful night between 2 and 3 December
1984, when the gas leak occurred, Arjun Singh fled to his Kerwa Dam Palace (outside Bhopal) to
save himself from deadly effects of leaked gas and was not available to manage the crisis or lead
the administration. Subsequently, the Arjun Singh government's mishandling was criticized by the
court in the verdict on Bhopal incident pronounced by the Chief Judicial Magistrate, Bhopal on 7
June 2010. The media raised serious questions about his role in the release of Warren Anderson.

35
While Arjun Singh was the Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh, he was involved in the scandal
which was called by some the Churhat Lottery case. The Churhat Children Welfare Society was
floated in 1982 by relatives of Singh, and permitted to raise funds via lottery, and also given tax
relief as a charity. However, there were widespread allegations that a substantial sum was
siphoned off and used to construct the lavish Kerwa Dam palace near Bhopal. The donations to
the society included a Rs 150,000 donation from Union Carbide, whose chief Warren Anderson
was permitted to leave the country after the gas leak, allegedly by Arjun Singh's office.
13. Motilal Vora (13/03/1985 to 13/02/1988)
He was born on 20 December 1928 in Nagaur district of Rajasthan and died in 2020 due to Kovid-
19. He did his graduation from Raipur, Chhattisgarh. He also initially worked for several
newspapers as a journalist. In 1968, Vora, then, a member of Samajwadi party, became a member
of the Municipal Committee of Durg (then part of Madhya Pradesh). In 1970 he, with the help of
Prabhat Tiwari, was introduced to Pt. Kishorilal Shukla of INC and joined INC. He was elected to
the Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) of Madhya Pradesh in 1972 on an INC ticket. He was
elected to Vidhan Sabha again in 1977 and 1980. He was appointed as a minister of State in Arjun
Singh's Cabinet, and was in-charge of the Higher Education Department. He was elevated to the
Cabinet Minister in 1983. On 13 March 1985, Vora was appointed Chief Minister of Madhya
Pradesh.
He resigned from the post of Chief Minister on 13 February 1988, to join the Union
Government.On 14 February 1988, Vora became a member of the Rajya Sabha, and assumed the
office of Union Minister of Health, Family Welfare and Civil Aviation. He was a cabinet minister
in Government of India. He was appointed as Governor of Uttar Pradesh on 16 May 1993 and held
office till 3 May 1996. Motilal Vora was in 1998–99 Member of the 12th Lok Sabha
The story of becoming the Chief Minister is also interesting. When in 1985 Arjun Singh again
became the Chief Minister of the state, he arrived Delhi to discuss the names of his cabinet
ministers but when he met Mr. Rajiv Gandhi he was asked to resign and join as the governor of
Punjab. After that Motilal Vora, was announced as the chief minister of Madhya Pradesh.
In Lok Sabha elections of 1989, Rajiv Gandhi felt that the Congress was weak in Madhya Pradesh,
he removed Vora from the office of Chief Minister and Arjun Singh again made Chief Minister of
the state. Motilal Vora was called in center and made Health Minister.
Shortly afterward, Arjun Singh was accused in Churhat lottery case due to which the Congress
High Command asked Arjun Singh to resign from office of Chief Minister. Motilal Vora was
again made the Chief Minister. Meanwhile, the results of the Lok Sabha elections held in 1989
had arrived and the Congress had lost badly in this election. Due to which Rajiv Gandhi replaced

36
the Chief Ministers of Congress ruled states and Motilal Vora became its victim. He had to leave
his office of Chief Minister. Shyama Charan Shukla was appointed again as the Chief Minister of
Madhya Pradesh.

14. Digvijay Singh (01/12/1998 to 08/12/2003)
Digvijay Singh was born in Indore in the erstwhile princely state of Holkar (now a part of
Madhya Pradesh) of British India, on 28 February 1947. His father, Balbhadra Singh, was the Raja
of Raghogarh (under Gwalior State), presently known as Guna district of Madhya Pradesh, and a
member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) as independent candidate for the Raghogarh Vidhan
Sabha constituency following the 1951 elections. He was educated at The Daly College, Indore
and the Shri Govindram Seksaria Institute of Technology and Science (SGSITS) Indore, where he
completed his B.E. in Mechanical Engineering. Since 1969, he was married to Asha Singh, who
died in 2013, and with whom he has four daughters and a son Jaivardhan Singh, who is member of
Madhya Pradesh's 14th Vidhan Sabha serving as the Cabinet Minister of Urban Development and
Housing. In April 2014, he confirmed that he was in a relationship with a Rajya Sabha TV anchor
Amrita Rai; they married in late August 2015.
Singh was president of the Raghogarh Nagar palika (a municipal committee) between 1969 and
1971. An offer in 1970 from Vijayaraje Scindia for him to join the Jana Sangh was not taken up
and he subsequently joined the Congress party.
He became a Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) as the party's representative for the
Raghogarh Vidhan Sabha constituency of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly in the 1977
elections. This was the same constituency that his father had won in 1951 as member of the
Legislative Assembly (MLA) as independent candidate for the Raghogarh Vidhan Sabha
constituency following the 1951 elections.
Digvijaya was later re-elected from the Raghogarh constituency and became a Minister of State
and later a Cabinet Minister in the Madhya Pradesh state government led by Arjun Singh, whom
he has called his mentor, between 1980–84. He was president of the Madhya Pradesh Congress
Committee between 1985 and 1988, having been nominated by Rajiv Gandhi, and was re-elected
in 1992.
He had been elected as a member of the 8th Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of
India, in the Indian general election of 1984, representing the Rajgarh Lok Sabha constituency. He
was the first Congress politician to win the constituency, which had been created in 1977. Having
won that contest by 150,000 votes, he lost the seat to Pyarelal Khandelwal of the Bhartiya Janata

37
Party (BJP) by 57,000 votes in the 1989 general election. He regained it in 1991, becoming a
member of the 10th Lok Sabha. Chief Minister, 1993–2003 In 1993, he resigned from the Lok
Sabha because he had been appointed Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh. His brother, Lakshman
Singh, had been elected in 1993 as a Congress MLA in Madhya Pradesh from the same
Raghogarh assembly constituency that Digivijaya had previously held.
Lakshman resigned from the seat in favour of Digvijay, who needed to be elected to the Madhya
Pradesh Legislative Assembly in order to fulfill his role as Chief Minister. However, the scheme
failed when a petition was filed that challenged the validity of Lakshman's 1993 election. Digvijay
instead won the by-election from Chachoura constituency, which was vacated by the Former MLA
Shivnarayan Meena that time for the purpose.
Singh won the Raghogarh constituency again in 2003 but his party overall was heavily defeated
by the BJP, as it also was in Rajasthan and Chhattisgarh. In January 2014, he was elected as a
member of parliament to the Rajya Sabha from Madhya Pradesh. In the 2019 Indian general
election, he ran for Lok Sabha in the constituency of Bhopal, but lost to Pragya Singh Thakur.
15. Uma Bharti (08/12/2003 to 23/08/2004)
Uma Bharti was born on 3 May 1969 in Tikamgarh. While singing hymns to Krishna, she gained
fame as a Sadhvi when her name reached Vijaya Raje Scindia, called Uma Bharti to meet her and
proposed to contest from Khajuraho in the 1984 Lok Sabha elections, which Uma contested.
Though Uma lost election, she became as the star face of BJP. It benefited her in the 1989 Lok
Sabha election and this time she won Lok Sabha seat from Khajuraho. Although BJP remained
away from power in Madhya Pradesh after 1992, Uma Bharti had become the face of BJP from
Madhya Pradesh by participating in Ram Mandir movement.
Bharti was appointed the Chief Ministerial candidate of the BJP for the 2003 Assembly polls in
Madhya Pradesh. On the back of a fierce campaign based on a platform of development, and
helped along by her reputation as a Hindutva firebrand, she led the party to a sweeping victory in
which it won 173 out of 230 seats in the legislature. She was elected as a Member of the
Legislative Assembly (MLA) of Madhya Pradesh and became the first woman Chief Minister of
Madhya Pradesh.
In August 2004, after only a year in office, an arrest warrant was issued against Bharti in
connection with the 1994 Hubli riots,[clarification needed] forcing her resignation.[12][13] In
November 2004, she had a public falling out with Advani during a meeting at the BJP
headquarters. This led to a suspension from the BJP. Due to this, he had to resign from the post of
Chief Minister.

38
She continued to publicly defy the BJP high command, insisting that she replace Shiv Raj Singh
Chouhan as the Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh, which led to several show-cause notices from
the party, and eventually, to her expulsion. In response, Bharti floated her own political party, the
Bhartiya Janshakti Party. She stated that her party followed the ideology of the RSS, and claimed
that she had the support of Mohan Bhagwat, head of the RSS. However, the party had a marked
lack of political success.
Bharti was re-inducted into the BJP on 7 June 2011. She was tasked with reviving the party in
Uttar Pradesh, ahead of that state's assembly election in 2012. In those elections, she was elected
to the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly from the Charkhari constituency. On 16 May 2014, she
was elected to the Lok Sabha from Jhansi constituency by defeating Chandrapal Yadav of the
Samajwadi Party. She served as the Minister for Water Resources, River Development and Ganga
Rejuvenation from 26 May 2014 to 1 September 2017.
On go, Babulal Gaur made the claimant of his chair with the promise that upon his return Babulal
Gore would leave the Chief Minister's chair but later Babulal Gaur did not leave the post of Chief
Minister and Uma Bharti had to face political exile.
16. Babulal Gaur (23/08/2004 to 29/11/2005)
Babulal Gaur served as the 16th Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh. He was elected in 10
Assembly elections from the seat of Govindpura in Bhopal before retiring from electoral politics
in 2018 due to old age.Gaur was born in the village of Naugir in Pratapgarh district, Uttar Pradesh
He lived in Bhopal since his childhood. Gaur started his political career as a trade union leader. He
was first elected to Vidhan Sabha in a by-election in Bhopal South constituency in year 1974 as an
independent supported by Janata Party.
Gaur had participated in a number of national level movements like agitation against The
Emergency, Goa liberation movement and Satyagrahas in Delhi, Beruwadi Saheb Punjab and
other states. He was Minister for Local Administration, Law and Legislative Affairs,
Parliamentary Affairs, Public Relations, Urban Welfare, Housing (Urban) & Rehabilitation and
Bhopal Gas Relief and Rehabilitation from 7 March 1990 to 15 December 1992. He was Leader of
Opposition in Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha from 4 September 2002 to 7 December 2003.
The erstwhile chief minister Uma Bharti had resigned from the CM post after an arrest warrant
was issued against her in the 1994 Hubli riot case by a Hubli court in Karnataka. Gaur became the
Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh from 23 August 2004 to 29 November 2005 after her. In
November 2005, Shiv Raj Singh Chouhan succeeded Gaur as the CM.

39
17. Shiv Raj Singh Chauhan (14/12/2013 to 16/12/2018)

He was born on 5 March 1969 in a village called Jait of Budhni tehsil of Sehore district. He joined
the Akhil Bhartiya Vidyarthi Parishad at the age of 16 and completed his Masters in Philosophy
from Barkatullah university, Bhopal and also got a Gold Medal. Due the influence of Jan Sangh
from the beginning, they began to participate more vigorously in the activities of the Sangh. He
went to jail during the Emergency.
Shiv Raj Singh Chauhan was very close to Vidisha Member of Parliament Raghav ji in his early
political life. Atal Bihari Vajpayee contested Lok Sabha election from two seats Vidisha and
Lucknow in the 1991 and won but had to give up Vidisha seat. After which Shri Shiv Raj Singh
Chauhan was contested in the by-elections in Vidisha and he reached Delhi as a Member of
Parliament.
In the assembly elections held in 2003, Shiv Raj Singh Chauhan was contested against Digvijay
Singh from Raghogarh seat but lost the election with a close margin. After this, he again became a
member of Parliament from Vidisha in the Lok Sabha elections held in 2004, but due to the
political upheaval in Madhya Pradesh in 2005, when Babulal Gaur was removed from the office of
Chief Minister, Shiv Raj Singh Chauhan was given the responsibility of Chief Minister on his
place. Later, he contested from Budhni Vidhan Sabha. From 2005 to 2018, Shiv Raj Singh
Chauhan has become the longest-serving Chief Minister in Madhya Pradesh.
The BJP was defeated in the elections held in 2018 after which the Congress government was
formed and Kamal Nath became the Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh and Shiv Raj Singh
Chauhan served as the Leader of the Opposition. Kamal Nath's government came to a minority in
March 2020 due to which Kamal Nath had to leave his post and once again on 23 March 2020
Shiv Raj Singh Chauhan was made the Chief Minister of the state.
Skilled social engineer
An astute OBC leader who belongs to the Kirar community has established a „bhai-bhaiyya‟
rapport with grassroots workers and continues to hold ground due to their loyal support.
Explaining how things worked out in the chief minister's favor, journalist and author Rashid
Kidwai said in this article, “The biggest strength for Chouhan is that all his schemes are targeted at
the poor and the women and these have been implemented well to a certain extent too. But the
main plus point is that there is no discrimination or any other hassle involved. The poor across the
state get it irrespective of their caste or religion and that is what has won the people over.”

40
Vikas Masiha
Apart from the populist schemes like free laptops and rice at subsidized prices, Chouhan focused
on providing better to women and children and catered specially to the requirement to protect and
nurture the girl child, a move which earned him much praise.
The Ladli Lakshmi Yojna:
When a girl child is born in Madhya Pradesh, the state buys National Saving Certificates worth Rs
6,000 for her. It then buys certificates for the same amount annually for the next four years and
gives back Rs 2,000 to her family when the child reaches Class 6, Rs 4,000 in Class 8, and Rs
7,500 once she clears Class 10. Rs 200 per month is given to the girl on passing Class 11 and
Class 12. Also, after the girl reaches 18 years of age, the parents are free to redeem the funds and
if the certificates are redeemed at the time the girl turns 21, then Rs 1,18,000 is paid to the family.
The main objective of this scheme was to prevent female infanticide by financially enabling the
parents to provide for the girl child. It also aimed at improving the sex ratio in the state, to
discourage child marriage and to ensure that girls go to school. However, it was introduced only
for the parents who restrict themselves to two children, thus also encouraging family planning.
The Kanyadan Yojna:
The Madhya Pradesh government gives Rs 7,500 for poor families during the time of a girl's
wedding. The Janani Suraksha Yojna: In order to curb maternal mortality rate the Madhya Pradesh
government implemented this scheme and provided free transportation facility for institutional
deliveries. A pre-delivery assistance scheme was also launched for women of ultimate poor
families.
Apart from it, various programs were introduced in Anganwadi centers to take care of the welfare
of expectant and nursing mothers and children. Also, Madhya Pradesh is among the states which
have provided 50 percent reservation for women in panchayats and civic bodies and ten percent
police posts in the state have been reserved for women.
Under the leadership of Chief Minister Shiv Raj Singh Chauhan, Indore and Bhopal received the
Cleanest City Award under the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan. Shri Chauhan started Namami Devi
Narmade Yatra for the conservation of Narmada River, considered to be the lifeline of Madhya
Pradesh by planting large number of trees along the banks of Narmada River. Under his
leadership, the state became self-reliant in the field of electricity generation and uninterrupted
power supply was ensured for 24 hours to non-agricultural consumers and 10 hours to agricultural
consumers.
Sincerely first post

41
Why do people call them Mama?

When the same question was asked to Shiv Raj Singh Chauhan, he said that although mother's
brother is called Mama, but it also has a wider meaning i.e. ma -ma, which has two mother's love
for the girls of her state. In Madhya Pradesh, the Mama is also called the person whom people call
a lot of love. Shiv Raj Singh Chauhan is not the only Mama of Madhya Pradesh. Prior to that, the
people of Madhya Pradesh have given this title to Tantya Bhil, the great hero of Nimar.
Shiv Raj Singh Chauhan government of Madhya Pradesh took strict action to search for abducted
girls, and 2,444 girls were recovered in a month. Betul, Ashoknagar, Hoshangabad, Sehore and
Raisen districts of Madhya Pradesh did well in this. This information came out in the video
conference held by the Chief Minister in the ministry with the Collector, Commissioner, IG and
Superintendents of Police.
18. Kamal Nath Singh (17/12/2018 to 23/03/2020)
He was born on 18 November 1946 in Kanpur. Kamal Nath was born into a prosperous business
family in Kanpur. He received his education from Doon School, Dehradun, he completed his
graduation from St. Xavier's College Kolkata. He was a close friend of Sanjay Gandhi in Doon
School. He became a member of the Lok Sabha for the first time in 1980 and for the first time in
1991, he took the charge of the Ministry of Environment and Forests in the cabinet. He has been a
member of the seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh, twelfth, thirteenth, fourteenth, fifteenth and
sixteenth Lok Sabha. He was made a Protem Speaker in the sixteenth Lok Sabha. On 13
December 2018, he was made the Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh for the first time. In 2019, he
was elected to the assembly for the first time from the Chhindwara assembly. He is the President
of Madhya Pradesh Child Development Council and the guardian of Indian Youth Society.
State Legislature
Every State has its Legislature. In some of the states, the Legislature is bicameral (two houses). In
most of the states, it is unicameral (one house). At present only Bihar, Karnataka, Maharashtra,
Uttar Pradesh Andhra Pradesh and Telangana have bicameral legislatures and the remaining states
have unicameral legislatures.
Legislative Assembly
The Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) is the real legislature even in those states that have
bicameral legislatures. According to the Constitution of India, a state Legislative Assembly shall
not have more than 500 members and not less than 60 members. However, very small States like
Goa, Sikkim and Mizoram have been allowed to have less than 60 members.

42
Seats are reserved for the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the Legislative Assembly. If
the Governor feels that the Anglo-Indian Community is not adequately represented, he or she may
nominate one person of that community in the State Legislative Assembly. The Legislative
Assembly is an elected body. Its members (M.L.A.) are elected by the people based on the
principle of universal adult franchise.
Qualifications for MLA
a. Be a citizen of India
b. Have attained the age of 25 years
c. Have name in the voters list
d. Not hold any office of profit
e. Not be a government servant
Tenure
The tenure of the Vidhan Sabha is of five years. However, the Governor may dissolve the
Assembly earlier on the advice of the Chief Minister. Similarly, the Assembly may be suspended
or dissolved when President‟s Rule is imposed in a State. During a national Emergency, the
Parliament may extend the term of Legislative Assemblies for a period not exceeding one year at a
time.
Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly
A unicameral legislature is functioning in Madhya Pradesh. The Legislative Assembly of Madhya
Pradesh is located in Arera Hills of Bhopal, the state capital. The Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha
is a unicameral state legislature. The seat of the Vidhan Sabha is at Bhopal. It is housed in the
Vidhan Bhavan, an imposing building located at Arera Hill. Currently, the Madhya Pradesh
Legislative Assembly consists of 230 elected and one nominated member. The history of the
Madhya Pradesh legislature can be traced back to 1913, as the Central Provinces Legislative
Council was formed on 8 November 1913. Later, the Government of India Act 1935 provided for
the elected Central Provinces Legislative assembly. The first elections to the Central Provinces
Legislative Assembly were held in 1937.
Before August 15, 1947, there were many small and big princely states in the country. After
independence they were integrated into union of India. After the constitution came into force on
26 January 1950, the first general elections were held in 1952 in the country. In terms of
administration, the states and the princely states were divided into four categories. The constituent
states of Madhya Pradesh were Central Province and Berar, Madhya Bharat, Vindhya Pradesh and
Bhopal. They had their own legislative assemblies.
Vindhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly

43
Vindhya Pradesh was established on 4 April 1948 and was given the status of class „B‟ state. Raja
Martand Singh was appointed head of state. In 1950, this state was changed from class „B‟ to class
„C‟ state. In the general elections of 1952, 60 members were elected for the Legislative Assembly.
Shri Shivanand was elected its speaker. From 1 March 1952, the state became the state of the
Deputy Governor. Pt. Shambhunath Shukla became its Chief Minister. The first meeting of the
Vindhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly was held on 21 April 1952. It worked for about four and a
half years and about 170 meetings were held in between this period. Shri Shyam Sundar Shyama
was the Deputy Speaker of this Vidhan Sabha.
Bhopal Legislative Assembly
The Bhopal State continued to be ruled by the Chief Commissioner under the Central Government
till the first general election. It was conferred the status of a Class „C‟ state with a thirty-member
in Legislative Assembly. Out of thirty members, 6 members were elected from Scheduled Caste
and 1 member from Scheduled Tribe and 23 from General. Of the thirty seats 16 were one-
member and seven dual member constituencies.
After the first general election Legislative assembly was constituted properly. It worked for about
four and a half years from March 1952 to October 1956. Shri Shankar Dayal Sharma was
appointed as the first and last Chief Minister of Bhopal State, Shri Sultan Mohammad Khan was
elected Speaker and Shri Laxminarayan Aggarwal Vice President of this Legislative Assembly.
Madhya Bharat Legislative Assembly (Gwalior)

The Madhya Bharat state was established in May 1948, including the princely states of Gwalior,
Indore and Malwa. The ruler of Gwalior state Shri Jeevaji Rao Scindia was made the life time
chief and Shri Liladhar Joshi was first chief minister of Madhya Bharat.
This cabinet was sworn in on 4 June 1948. Thereafter, a 75-member Legislative Assembly was
formed, in which 40 representatives were elected from Gwalior State, 20 from Indore and the
remaining 15 from other small princely states. This Legislative Assembly remained in force till 31
October 1956.
In the first general elections of 1952, 99 seats were fixed Madhya Bharat assembly. Out of 99
seats 59 single member constituencies and 20 seats were dual member constituencies. Out of total
99, 17 were reserved for schedule caste, 12 seats were reserved for schedule Tribes. The first
session of the new Legislative Assembly of Madhya Bharat was held on 17 March 1952 in
Gwalior. The term of this Legislative Assembly was about four and a half years. Shri A.S.

44
Patwardhan was elected as the Speaker and Shri V.V. Sarvate was elected deputy speaker of this
Legislative Assembly.
Central Province and Berar Legislative Assembly
Formerly Mahakaushal, Chhattisgarh and Brar region of Maharashtra was given shape to a new
state called Central Provinces and Brar. After the reorganization of the state, the region of
Mahakaushal and Chhattisgarh means Central Princessbecame part of the present Madhya
Pradesh. Accordingly, the Legislative Assembly of that region were also included in the Vidhan
Sabha constituencies of the present Madhya Pradesh.
After reorganization of Madhya Pradesh state in 1956 all the four Legislative Assemblies were
merged into one Legislative Assembly. In this way the first Madhya Pradesh Legislative
Assembly came into existence on 1 November 1956. Its first and last session was held between
December 17, 1956 and January 17, 1957.
The term of this first assembly was very short, and it was dissolved on 5 March 1957. The first
election for the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly was held in 1957, and the second assembly
was constituted on 1 April 1957.
Initially, the Legislative Assembly numbered 288, which was later increased to 321, including one
nominated member. On 1 November 2000, the state of Madhya Pradesh was divided. As a result,
the strength of the Legislative Assembly decreased to 231, including one nominated member. The
current Assembly building is designed by Charles Correa in 1967, and was the recipient of the
Aga Khan Award for Architecture in 1998.
The dates of the formation and dissolution of the current legislative assemblies from the first
Legislative Assembly are as follows in the table given below:
Legislative Assembly Date of formation Date of dissolution
First Legislative Assembly 01 November 1956 05 March 1957
Second Legislative Assembly 01 April 1957 07 March 1962
Third Legislative Assembly 07 March 1962 01 March 1967
Fourth Legislative Assembly 01 March 1967 17 March 1972
Fifth Legislative Assembly 17 March 1972 30 April 1977
Sixth Legislative Assembly 23 June 1977 17 February 1980
Seventh Legislative Assembly 09 June 1980 10 March 1985
Eighth Legislative Assembly 10 March 1985 03 March 1990
Ninth Legislative Assembly 05 March 1990 15 December 1992
Tenth Legislative Assembly 07 December 1993 01 December 1998

45
Eleventh Legislative Assembly 01 December 1998 05 December 2003

Twelve Legislative Assembly 05 December 2003 11 December 2008
Thirteenth Legislative Assembly 11 December 2008 10 December 2013
Fourteenth Legislative Assembly 10 December 2013 13 December 2018
Fifteenth Legislative Assembly 13 December 2018
Speakers of Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly

NName Tenure Legislative Assembly
o
.
1Pt. Kunji Lal Dubey 1st Nov 1956 to 17th Dec 1956 Ist (1956-1957)
.
18 December 1956 to 01 July

1957
2Pt. Kunji Lal Dubey 02 July 1957 to 26 Mar 1962 II nd (1957–1962)
.
3Pt. Kunji Lal Dubey 27 Mar 1962 to 07 Mar 1967 III rd (1962-1967)
.
4Shri Kashi Prasad Pandey 24 Mar 1967 to 24 Mar 1972 IV th (1967–1972)

.
5Shri Tejlal Tembhare 25 Mar 1972 to 10 Aug 1972 V th (1972-1977)

.
6Shri Gulsher Ahmed 14 Aug 1972 to 14 July 1977 V th (1972-1977)

.
7Shri Mukund Sakharam 15 July 1977 to 02 July 1980 VI th (1977-1980)

.Navalkar
8Shri Yajnadatta Sharma 03 July 1980 to 19 July 1983 VII th (1980–1985)

.
9Shri Ramkishore Shukla 05 Mar 1984 to 13 Mar 1985 VII th (1980–1985)

.
1Shri Rajendra Prasad 25 Mar 1985 to 19 Mar 1990 VIII th (1985–1990)

0Shukla
.

46
1Shri Brijmohan Mishra 20 Mar 1990 to 22 Dec 1993 IX th (1990-1992)

1
.
1Shri Srinivas Tiwari 24 Dec 1993 to 01 Feb 1999 X th (1993-1998)

2
.
1Shri Srinivas Tiwari 02 Feb 1999 to 11 Dec 2003 XI th (1998– 2003)

3
.
1Shri Ishwardas Rohani 16 Dec 2003 to 04 Jan 2009 XII th (2003 to 2008)
4
.
1Shri Ishwardas Rohani 07 Nov 2009 to 05 Nov 2013 XIII th (2008 to 2013)
5
.
1Dr. Sita Sharan Sharma 09 Jan 2014 to 01 Jan 2019 IVX th (2013 to
6 2018)
.
1Shri Narmada Prasad 08 Jan 2019 to 23 Mar 2020 VX th (2018 to 2019)

7Prajapati
.
1Girish Gautam from 23 Feb 2021 till now VX th

8
Committees of Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly

By the Honorable Speaker, of Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly under Rules 221 (3), 223
(1), 223-A (1), 234-A (1) and 234 (N) of Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Madhya
Pradesh respectively Legislative Assembly Members are elected by the Legislative Assembly for
(1) Public Accounts Committee, (2) Estimates Committee, (3) Committee on Public Undertakings,
(4) Committee on Welfare of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Backward Classes and (5)

47
Account Committee on Local Bodies and Panchayati Raj . Under sub-rule (1) of rule 180, the
Chairmen of the said committees are appointed by the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly.
Public accounts committee
The Public Accounts Committee is constituted every year by the Legislative Assembly to review
the reports of the Comptroller and Auditor General pertaining to public accounts. This committee
consists of a total of 11 members. These members are elected for a period of one year by the
members of the Legislative Assembly using the system of proportional representation and the
single transferable method. The Chairman of the Public Accounts Committee is nominated by the
Speaker of the Legislative Assembly. He is one of the elected members.
Estimate committee
The State Estimates Committee is constituted every year by the Legislative Assembly to promote
economy in budget estimates and organizational efficiency. This committee consists of a total of
11 members. These members are elected for a period of one year by the members of the
Legislative Assembly using the system of proportional representation and the single transferable
method. The Chairman of the Estimate committee is nominated by the Speaker of the Legislative
Assembly. He is one of the elected members.
Committee on Public undertaking
The Committee on Public Undertakings is constituted every year by the Legislative Assembly to
review the reports of the Comptroller and Auditor General pertaining to the Public Undertakings.
This committee consists of a total of 11 members. These members are elected for a period of one
year by the members of the Legislative Assembly using the system of proportional representation
and the single transferable method. The Chairman of the Committee on Public undertaking is
nominated by the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly. He is one of the elected members.
Committee on Welfare of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Backward Classes
This committee is constituted every year by the Legislative Assembly to report on matters related
to the welfare of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Backward Classes. This committee
consists of a total of 15 members. These members are elected for a period of one year by the
members of the Legislative Assembly using the system of proportional representation and the
single transferable method. The Chairman of the Committee on Welfare of Scheduled Castes,
Scheduled Tribes and Backward Classes is nominated by the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly.
He is one of the elected members.
Accounts Committee of Local Bodies and Panchayati Raj
It is done annually by the Legislative Assembly to review the accounts of local bodies and
Panchayati Raj. This committee consists of a total of 11 members. These members are elected for

48
a period of one year by the members of the Legislative Assembly using the system of proportional
representation and the single transferable method. The Chairman of the Accounts Committee of
Local Bodies and Panchayati Raj is nominated by the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly. He is
one of the elected members.
List of Honorable Leader of Opposition in Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly
No. Name Assembly No. Name Assembly
1 Vishwanath Yadav Rao 12 Kailash Joshi VIII th
Tamaskar
2 Chandra Pratap Tiwari II 13 Shyama Charan Shukla IX th
3 Virendra Kumar III 14 Shri Vikram Verma X th
Sakhalecha
4 Virendra Kumar IV 15 Dr. Gauri Shankar Shejwar XI
Sakhalecha
5 Shyama Charan Shukla IV 16 Babulal Gaur XI
6 Pt. Dwarka Prasad Mishra IV 17 Smt. Jamuna Devi XII th
7 Virendra Kumar IV 18 Smt. Jamuna Devi XIII th
Sakhalecha
8 Vasant Sadashiv Pradhan IV 19 Ajay Singh XIII th
9 Shri Kailash Joshi V th 20 Satyadev Katare IVX th
10 Shri Arjun Singh VI th 21 Ajay Singh IVX th
11 Sunder Lal Patwa VII th 22 Gopal Bhargava VX th
Note- There was no recognized opposition party in the First and Second Legislative Assemblies.
The party of opposition was recognized by the Third Legislative Assembly. Shri Vishwanath
Yadav Rao Tamaskar in the First Legislative Assembly and Shri Chandra Pratap Tiwari in the
Second Legislative Assembly were the leaders of the largest opposition party in the erstwhile
opposition parties.
Indira Gandhi Vidhan Bhavan
After the formation of Madhya Pradesh on 1stNovember 1956, Minto Hall, a beautiful building of
Bhopal, was selected for the seat of Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly.The fourth and the last
begum of Bhopal - Nawab Shah Jahan Begum conceived the very beautiful 'Minto Hall' to
felicitate Lord Minto, the then Viceroy of India. The foundation stone for Minto Hall was laid on
12th November 1909. The building was finally completed by Nawab Hamid Ullah Khan, son of
Nawab Shah Jahan Begum. The architect of this heritage building was AC Rovan. After India

49
attained Independence and formation of the state of Madhya Pradesh, it became a natural choice
for the assembly hall for MP State Government.
By 1980, it was felt that Minto Hall was getting smaller due to the expansion of the work related
to the assembly. Then on 14 March 1981, the then Lok Sabha Speaker Shri Balram Jakhad laid the
foundation stone of the new assembly building. Construction of this new building started on 17
September 1984 at Arera Hills with secretariat of Madhya Pradesh. This new building was
inaugurated on August 3, 1996 by former President Dr. Shankar Dayal Sharma. The building is
named Indira Gandhi Vidhan Bhavan.
The architecture of this building has been designed by renowned architect Charles Correa. The
entire building is circular, with a diameter of 140 meters. There is a provision of natural lights in
this building. There are seven gates for entry into this building. The building has 300 rooms and
has 350 doors and 1000 windows. The building has also received the world-famous Aga Khan
Award in the field of architecture.
The building has a hall for the Legislative Assembly as well as the Legislative Council. At its
entrance is a huge painting called Jeevan Vriksha, which depicts the historical sites of the state.
The assembly hall is right in front of the Legislative Council. Its main entrance is identical to
Sanchi Gate decorated with collage work. Roof of assembly Hall is given dome shape with 31
meters diameter and 26 meters height.
Functions of State Legislature
The State Legislature performs the following categories of functions:
Legislative Functions
The Assembly has the sole right to legislate. All the laws must be passed by it. Where there is a
bicameral legislature, the ordinary Bills can be introduced in any of the Houses. A Bill passed by
the Legislative Assembly is sent to the Legislative Council which has to pass it or to return it with
recommendations to the Legislative Assembly. If the Legislative Assembly passes that Bill once
again either with recommendations of the Council or without those, it shall be deemed to have
been passed by both the Houses.
As regards, Money Bills, these can be introduced only in the Legislative Assembly. After the
Assembly passes the Money Bill, it goes to the Legislative Council which has to pass it or return
the Bill to the Assembly with its recommendations within 14 days of the receipt of the Bill. Even
if the Assembly rejects the recommendations of the Council, it will be deemed to have been
passed by both the Houses.

50
Once the Bill is passed by the Legislature, it is sent to the Governor for his or her assent. He or
She cannot withhold the assent on the Money Bill but can send back an ordinary bill for
reconsideration or can reserve any of the bills for consideration by the President.
Control over the Executive
The State Legislature keeps control over the executive. The Council of Ministers is responsible to
Vidhan Sabha collectively.
It remains in office so long as it enjoys the confidence of the House. The Council of Ministers is
removed, if the Vidhan Sabha adopts a motion of no-confidence against it.
Moreover, The State Legislature keeps checks on the government by asking questions and
supplementary questions, moving adjournment motions and calling attention notices.
Electoral Functions
The elected members of the Legislative Assembly are members of the Electoral College for the
election of the President of India. The members of the Vidhan Sabha also elect the members of the
Rajya Sabha from their respective States. Moreover, they elect one-third members of the
Legislative Council of their own State.
Functions related to Constitutional Amendments
There are important functions of the State Legislature related to the amendment of the
Constitution. A constitutional amendment requires the support of a special majority of each House
of the Parliament as well as ratification by not less than half of the States where the State
Legislatures ratify the amendments.
Rajya Sabha Member
No. Name of Rajya Sabha Election Members Tenure
1 Smt Sampatiya Uike elected in 2016 Till June 29, 2022
(Elected in the by-
election on July 31,
2017)
2 Mr. Mubbshar Javed Akbar elected in 2016 Dated 29 June 2022
3 Shri Vivek Krishna Tankha elected in 2016 Dated 29 June 2022
4 Shri Ajay Pratap Singh elected in 2018 till 2 April 2024
5 Shri Kailash Soni elected in 2018 till April 2, 2024
6 Shri Thawarchand Gehlot elected in 2018 Date 2 April 2024
7 Shri Dharmendra Pradhan elected in 2018 Date 2 April 2024
8 Shri Rajamani Patel elected in 2018 till April 2, 2024

51
9 Shri Digvijay Singh elected in 2020

10 Shri Jyotiraditya M. Scindia elected in 2020
11 Dr. Sumer Singh Solanki elected in 2020
Development of local self-government

Local self-government is an integral part of India's prosperous tradition. The Chola and Vijay Nagara
kingdoms are known for their strong local self-government. The Madras Municipality, established in
1668, was the first municipality in India and second in the world after London. Lord Ripon is called
the father of modern Indian self-government.
India's first Prime Minister Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru started a "Community Development Program" across
the country from 2 October 1952 to ensure participation of local people in the development of rural
areas. For the successful implementation of this program, India was divided into more than 5000
development blocks (blocks). These development blocks were made the unit of community
development. BDO (Block Development Officer) was appointed as the head of the development
block. This was the beginning of development administration in India i.e. administration became the
main carrier of social and economic development. It is believed that the development block officer
will establish direct contact with the people of the village and will fix the proper role of the rural
people in the socio-economic development of the village.
Balwant Rai Mehta Committee
After the completion of five years of the Community Development Program, a committee was formed
by the National development council under the chairmanship of Balwant Rai Mehta to examine
progress of community development programs. Balwant Rai Mehta was a Congress freedom fighter
from Gujarat. In 1958, Balwant Rai Mehta submitted his report.
In his report, he stated that community development programs were failed to meet their objectives.
There were various reasons for the failure of CDP like bureaucracy and excessive politics, lack of
people participation, lack of trained and qualified staff, and lack of local bodies interest in
implementing the CDP especially the village panchayats. There is a need to provide participation to
the rural people at the level of policy formulation along with policy implementation. He therefore
recommended the decentralization of democracy. According to his recommendation, the dream of
democratic decentralization could be fulfilled through a three-tier Panchayati Raj. In which first level
will be known as Gram Panchayat, second level Janpad Panchayat or Area Development Committee
and third level will be Zilla Panchayat.

52
Establishment of Panchayati Raj

The Panchayati State came into existence in the state of Rajasthan on the recommendation of the
Balwant Rai Mehta Committee, as local self-government is the subject of the state list. On 2 October
1959, the first Panchayati Raj of India was ushered in by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru in Badgar village
of Nagaur district, Rajasthan. In this way, Rajasthan became the first state to enter the Panchayati Raj
system and Andhra Pradesh became the first state to implement Panchayati Raj system in the entire
state.
But this Panchayati Raj was meaningless and powerless. In fact, the states were not interested to
create another power center on local level. Therefore, Panchayati Raj Institutions remained
institutions for only name.
In 1977 the Janata Party government under Morarji Desai came to power. The commitment to
strengthen Panchayati Raj Institutions was the part of Janta Party‟s manifesto. That's why a
committee was formed by Janta party government under the chairmanship of Ashok Mehta.
Ashok Mehta Committee
This committee was set up by the Janata Party. The main objective of this committee was to give
recommendations related to strengthening the Panchayati State. It made its recommendation in 1978.
Dr. Ashok Mehta recommended abolition of Gram Panchayat and formation of two-tier Panchayati
Raj. He also recommended social audit of Panchayats. But in 1979, the Janata Party government fell
and once again the Congress government came in power under the leadership of Indira Gandhi. The
Congress government rejected the recommendations of the Ashok Mehta Committee.
Singhvi Committee
This committee was formed in 1986 by Rajiv Gandhi. This was committee on " Revitalization of
Panchayati Raj Institutions". It was headed by „L.M. Singhvi‟. The Singhvi committee recommended
to give constitutional status to Panchayati Raj institutions and setting up of Nyaya Panchayats. The
73rd Constitutional Amendment Bill was introduced in Parliament to provide constitutional status to
Panchayati Raj institutions.
73rd Constitution Amendment Act 1992
The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Bill was passed by the Lok Sabha in September 1991 and by the
Rajya Sabha in 1992. It was signed by the President after being passed by 17 legislatures. It became
effective from 24 April 1993. The formal name of this Act is 73rd Constitution Amendment Act
1992.
The act gave constitutional status to the Panchayati Raj system. The provisions related to Panchayati
Raj were added to part 9 from article 243 to article 243 O and Schedule 11 of the Constitution of

53
India. Schedule-11 covers 29 subjects which are administered under the Panchayati Raj system at
various levels.
Salient features of 73rd Constitutional Amendment
A three-tier Panchayati Raj was established through the 73rd Constitutional Amendment in 1993. In
which the Gram Panchayat was established at the village level, Janpad Panchayat or Area
Development Committee at the middle level and the District Panchayats at the district level. Goa,
Manipur and Sikkim are exceptions to this arrangement. A two tier Panchayati Raj system was
established in these states. Janpad Panchayat is not found in these states. The 73rd Constitutional
Amendment Act is not applied in Nagaland, Mizoram and Meghalaya. Traditional panchayats are
found in these states due to the predominant tribal population.
Panchayati Raj Extension in Schedule Areas (PESA) Act 1996
The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act is not applied to scheduled areas and scheduled tribal areas
of Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Jharkhand, Gujarat, Maharashtra,
Orissa and Rajasthan. These areas are governed by the PESA (Panchayati Raj Extension in Schedule
Areas) Act-1996. The Act deals with the "expansion of Panchayati Raj in the Scheduled Areas". The
Act came into force on 24 December 1996. The Act is effective in tribal areas of 10 states - Andhra
Pradesh, Gujarat, Chhattisgarh, Himachal, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Rajasthan,
Jharkhand and Telangana.
As per the provisions of PESA Act, tribal communities have been given unlimited powers of
governance in these areas. They have been empowered to control the exploitation of natural
resources. All members of the tribal community are members of the Gram Sabha. The following
powers have been conferred on the Gram Sabha -
1. The Gram Sabhas have been empowered to regulate the use of intoxicants (alcohol, cannabis,
cannabis).
2. The Gram Sabhas have been given ownership of small forest produce.
3. Gram Sabhas have been empowered to regulate land resources, that is, neither land can be bought
nor sold without their permission.
4. Gram Sabhas are empowered to regulate rural markets.
5. Gram Sabhas are empowered to control moneylenders.
6. Gram Sabhas have been empowered to formulate strategies for socio-economic development.
Madhya Pradesh Panchayati Raj and Gram Swaraj Act
Madhya Pradesh was formed on 01 November 1956 by merging the then Mahakaushal, Chhattisgarh,
Madhya Bharat, Bhopal, Vindhya Pradesh and Rajasthan with the sub division of Siroj. Different
laws and regulations related to Panchayat Raj system were prevalent in different units of state. With a

54
view to bring uniformity in the panchayat raj system and make them more powerful and effective.
Madhya Pradesh Panchayati Raj Act was passed in 1962 to bring uniformity in the activities of
Panchayats. In which necessary amendments were also made in 1981 and 1990.
In accordance with the 73rd Amendment Act 1992 of the Constitution of India, Madhya Pradesh
Panchayati Raj Bill was introduced in the Legislative Assembly on 30 December 1993 by the Dig
Vijay Singh government in the state.Madhya Pradesh Panchayati Raj Act 1993 was signed by
Governor of Madhya PradeshDr. Mohamad Shafi Qureshi on 25 January 1994. 25 January is
celebrated every year in the state as Matdata Divas. This act became effective from August 20, 1994
in the entire state. The Madhya Pradesh Panchayat Raj Act, 1993 has come into force with effect from
25 January 1994. Madhya Pradesh is the first state to implementthe 73rd Constitutional Amendment
1992.
Madhya Pradesh Panchayati Raj Amendment Act 2001
A Task Force Committee was constituted by the Government of Madhya Pradesh on 15 November
1999 to suggest on effective establishment of Gram Swaraj in the state. On the recommendation of
this committee, Madhya Pradesh Panchayati Raj and Village Swaraj Act 2001 was passed by
Madhya Pradesh legislative assembly. This Act came into force from 26 January 2001 in the entire
state. The salient features of this act are as follows:
1. Separate Gram Sabhas were formed for each revenue and forest village of a Gram Panchayat. It was
ensured that at least one meeting of the Gram Sabha must be held every month.
2. In addition to regular meetings of Gram Sabha, on demand of 10 percent of the members of the Gram
Sabha or 50 members, whichever is less, meeting of Gram Sabha can be call at any time. The quorum
of these meetings was fixed at 20 percent of the total number of members.
3. In meetings of Gram Sabha at least one third attenders should be women and the presence of
scheduled castes and tribes should be in proportion to their population.
4. All decisions of Gram Panchayat should be approved by Gram Sabha by majority.
5. The budget of Gram Panchayat should be approved by Gram Sabha by majority.
6. The development activities of the village should be implemented by 8 committees of the Gram Sabha.
These committees will include Village Development Committee, Village Public Estate Committee,
Village Agriculture Committee, Village Health Committee, Village Safety Committee, Village
Infrastructure Committee, Village Education Committee and Village Social Justice Committee.
7. Except the Village Development Committee, the members of all the other committees will be elected
by the Gram Sabha. Each committee will have a chairman who will be elected for one year.
8. Each Gram Sabha will have a fund which will be made up of food fund, labor fund, commodity fund
and cash fund.

55
Madhya Pradesh Panchayati Raj Amendment Act 2004

This act was implemented by the BJP government on 14 December 2004. Through this act, several
changes were made in Madhya Pradesh Panchayati Raj and Gram Swaraj Act 2001, which are as
follows:
It was ensured that at least four meetings of the Gram Sabha must take place every year. This meeting
should be convened in January, April, July and October.
The quorum of these meetings was fixed at least 10 percent of the total number of members or 500
whichever is less.
The imperative to have at least one-third attendance of women in Gram Sabha meetings and the
presence of Scheduled Castes and Tribes in proportion to their population was abolished.
In place of 8 committees of Gram Sabha, the provision of only two committees - Village
Development Committee and Village Construction Committee was made.
Formation of Gram Sabha
Gram Sabha is the basic unit of Panchayati Raj. Gram Sabha is composed of adult voters of each
revenue or forest village. There can be more than one Gram Sabha in a Gram Panchayat.
Gram Sabha in scheduled areas of the state
Four districts fully and 15 districts partially of Madhya Pradesh comes under Scheduled Areas
mentioned in the Fifth Schedule. In schedule areas, no law made by the Parliament or the State
legislative assembly is applicable without the approval of Governor of state. This provision has been
made in the Constitution to provide protection to the valuable tradition and culture of the tribes
residing in these areas.
In the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, adequate measures were not taken in this regard and
hence the PESA Act was passed by the Parliament in 1996. In December 1997, Madhya Pradesh
Panchayati Raj Extension in Schedule Areas Act was passed by the Legislative Assembly of Madhya
Pradesh to implement PESA Act in the state.
Through this act in scheduled areas Gram Sabha was empowered to discuss on every decision of
Gram Panchayat as per its need and take a decision. The decisions of the Gram Sabha are obligatory
forGram Panchayat. The Gram Sabha is empowered to take adequate measures to secure valuable
tribal traditions and culture. The Gram Sabha is empowered to properly manage the natural resources
- water, forest and land, that come under its jurisdiction.
Gram Panchayat
A Gram Panchayat will be form on minimum population of 1000. At present there are 23,012 Gram
Panchayats in Madhya Pradesh. Each Gram Panchayat is divided in a minimum of 10 and a maximum
of 20 wards. One member is elected by voters from each ward. The elected members of the Gram

56
Panchayat are called Panch. The head of the Gram Panchayat is called Sarpanch. The Sarpanch,
Upsarpanch and Panchshould be voters of Gram Panchayat. The Panchayat Sarpanch and Panch are
elected by directly by Voters and the Upsarpanch is elected by the Panch of the Gram Panchayat.The
Gram Panchayat performs activities related to sustain drinking water and sanitation facilities,
electricity, management of Anganwadies and monitoring of rural development programs.
A Gram Panchayat Secretary and a Gram Rojgar Sahayak is appointed in each Gram Panchayat to
assist activities of Panchayat. Gram Panchayat Secretary is appointed by state government. and Gram
Rojgar Sahayak is appointed on contract basis. He enjoys the status of Assistant Secretary. The
Assistant Secretary should have special knowledge of computer. The Panchayat Coordinator is
appointed to coordinate the work of the Panchayats at every 10 Gram Panchayats and a Sub engineer
is appointed on contract basis to provide technical assistance in civil works at every 8 Gram
Panchayats.
JanapadPanchayat
Janpad Panchayat is middle layer of Panchayati Raj. A Janpad Panchayat is divided into minimum 10
and maximum 25 wards. A member is elected directly from each ward. These members are called
elected members of Janpad Panchayat. At present there are 313 Janpad Panchayats in the Madhya
Pradesh. A district panchayat ward is formed with a population of at least 5 thousand. Members are
elected directly by the voters while the Adhyaksh and Upadhyaksh of Janpad Panchayat are indirectly
elected by the elected members of Janpad Panchayat.
In addition, the members of the Legislative Assembly within the Janpad Panchayat area and 20
percent Gram Panchayat Sarpanch alternatively for a tenure of one year are every year are ex-officio
members of the Janpad Panchayat. Heads of Co-operative banks are associated members of Janpad
Pachayat. CEO Janpad Panchayat works as the Administrative head of Janpad Panchayat. He is an
officer selected by the State Public Service Commission.
Zila Panchayat
Zila Panchayat works at the district level. There are 52 district panchayats in Madhya Pradesh. Each
Zilla Panchayat is divided into a minimum of 10 and a maximum of 35 constituencies. A Zila
Panchayat constituency is formed at population of 50 thousand or more. Zilla panchayat members are
elected from these constituencies. The election of the Adhyaksh and Upadyaksk of Zila Panchayat
are elected indirectly by the elected members of Zila Panchayat.
In addition to it all members of the Lok Sabha whose constituency is in the rural areas of that district,
all such members of the Rajya Sabha whose name is included in the electoral rolls of a gram
panchayat area of the district, all the members of the State Legislative Assembly elected from that

57
district and Adhyaksh of Janpad Panchayats of the district are the ex-officio member of the Zila
Panchayat.
CEO Zila Panchayat works as the Administrative head of Zila Panchayat. He is an Indian
Administrative Service officer appointed by the state government. It is the primary responsibility of
the District Panchayat to prepare a plan for the socio-economic development of the district and to
assist the Panchayats in the implementation of such schemes.
No confidence motion against elected representatives
In section 48 of Madhya Pradesh Panchayati Raj and Gram Swaraj Act 1993, rights and
responsibilities of PRI officials have been mentioned. In order to make them accountable for the
proper discharge of these responsibilities, the provisions of no-confident motion are mentioned
against Panch and Sarpanch of Gram Panchayat in Section 21 of act, against Adhyaksh and
Upadyaksk of Janpad Panchayat in section 28 of act and against Adhyaksh and Upadyaksk of Zila
Panchayat in section 35 of act.
In order to put a motion of no-confidence, one-third of the elected members of the panchayat may
give written information in a prescribed form to the prescribed officer. This resolution should be
passed by majority of two-thirds of the total members of the panchayat and three-fourth the members
present and voting.
Panchayat Raj Department
Keeping in view the increasing activities and responsibilities of the Panchayat Raj Institutions day by
day, the State Government took the decision on 06 December 2007 to set up an independent
Panchayat Raj Directorate under the Panchayat and Rural Development Department. This Directorate
is in operation since 1 April 2008. The CEO Zila Panchayat works under the administrative control of
the Commissioner Panchayati Raj at the district level.
The post of District Panchayat Raj Officer has also been created at the district level. CEO Janpad
Panchayat, Block Development Officer, Panchayat Coordinator works at the block level, and
Panchayat Secretary at Gram Panchayat level.
Additional Chief Secretary, Principal Secretary, Secretary, Deputy Secretary, Under Secretary, and
other staff are working in the Ministry of State for administrative control and regulation in the
Panchayat Department. They perform the task of determining and regulating the policies of the
department. At the directorate level, the Commissioner, Additional Director, Joint Director, Deputy
Director, Assistant Director and other staff are working. This staff, along with the implementation of
departmental schemes, also has administrative control over field staff.
Tenure of Panchayats

58
Article 243(I) of the Constitution provides that every Panchayat shall continue for five years from the
date of its first meeting. Elections must take place before the expiry of the above period. In case it is
dissolved earlier, then the elections must take place within six months of its dissolution.
Reservation
According to Article 243 (D) of the constitution, at least one-third seats of total number of seats to be
filled by direct elections in every Panchayat shall be reserved for women.In Madhya Pradesh half of
total number of seats to be filled by direct elections in every Panchayat are reserved for women.
Article 243D provides that seats are to be reserved for (a) Scheduled Castes, and (b) Scheduled
Tribes. The reservation shall be in proportion to their population. If, for example, the Scheduled
Castes constitute 30% of the population and the Scheduled Tribes 21%, then 30% and 21% seats shall
be reserved for them respectively. Out of the seats so reserved not less than 1/3rd of the seats shall be
reserved for women belonging to Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, respectively.
A State may by law also reserve seats or offices of Chairpersons in the Panchayat at any level in favor
of backward classes of citizens.
Panchayati Raj Election
Article 243 (K) is designed to ensure free and fair elections to the Panchayats. Article 243K provides
for the Constitution of a State Election Commission consisting of a State Election Commissioner to
be appointed by the Governor. Powers of superintendence, direction and control of elections to the
Panchayats, including preparation of electoral rolls for it shall vest in the State Election Commission.
To ensure the Independence of the Commissioner it is laid down that State Election Commissioner
can be removed only in the same manner and on the same grounds as Judge of a High Court. The
State Legislatures have the power to legislate on all matters relating to elections to Panchayats.
On 15 February 1994, NB Lohani was appointed as the first election commissioner of the State
Election Commission. Gopal Sharan Shukla was appointed as second election commissioner on 16
February 2000, Aditya Vijay Singh as third election commissioner on 14 August 2006, Ajay Rayzada
as fourth election commissioner on 10 December 2010, R. Parashuram as fifth election commissioner
on 1 December 2013. At Present Shri Basant Pratap Singh is working as the State Election
Commissioner from 1 January 2019.
Qualification for membership
Article 243 (F) provides that all persons who are qualified to be chosen to the State Legislature shall
be qualified to be chosen as a member of a Panchayat. The only difference is that a person who has
attained the age of 21 years will be eligible to be a member.
If a question arises as to whether a member has become subject to any disqualification, the question
shall be referred to such authority as the State Legislature may provide by law.

59
Any resident of a Panchayat constituency who has completed 18 years of age may enroll in electoral
rolls.
State Finance Commission
According to article 243 (I) within one year from 24th April 1993, the date on which the Constitution
73rd Amendment came into force and afterwards every five years the State Government shall appoint
a Finance Commission. This commission will review the financial status of the Panchayats.
The commission will also make recommendations related to the distribution of fund between the State
and the Panchayats. The report of the Commission will be presented before the Governor of state
together with a memorandum of action taken on it, he will be laid it before the State Legislature.
The Madhya Pradesh State Finance Commission Act was approved by the Governor on 5 March
1994. The State Finance Commission was constituted in June 1994 by the Governor of Madhya
Pradesh. On 16 October 1995, a 5-member commission was appointed by the Governor. Commission
is consisted with a chairman and four members.
Sawai Singh Sisodia was made the first chairman of the State Finance Commission. Himmat Kothari
was appointed as chairman of the fifth state finance commission. Commission submitted its report
from 1 April 2020 to 31 March 2025 to the Governor.
Eleventh schedule of Indian Constitution contains the following items
1. Agriculture including agricultural expansion 13. Rural electrification, including distribution
2. Land improvement, implementation of land of electricity
reforms, land consolidation and soil 14. Road, culverts, bridges, ferries, waterways
conservation. and other means of communication
3. Animal Husbandry, Dairying and poultry 15. Education including primary and secondary
4. Fisheries Industry schools
5. Minor irrigation, water management and 16. Non-conventional sources of energy
watershed development 17. Technical training and vocational education
6. Social forestry and farm forestry 18. Adult and non-formal education
7. Small scale industries in which food 19. Public distribution system
processing industry is involved 20. Maintenance of community assets
8. Minor forest produce 21. Welfare of the weaker sections of the in
9. Safe water for drinking particular of the schedule caste and schedule
10. Khadi, village and cottage industries tribes
11. Rural housing 22. Social welfare, including welfare of the
12. Fuel and fodder handicapped and mentally retarded
23. Family welfare

60
24. Women and child development 27. Cultural activities

25. Markets and Fairs 28. Libraries
26. Health and sanitation including hospitals, 29. Poverty Alleviation Programs
primary health centers and dispensaries
74th Constitution Amendment Act - "Municipalities"

There is a glorious history of urban local self-government in India. The Madras Municipal
Corporation established in 1687 was the first Municipal Corporation of India, accordingly in 1726
Bombay and Calcutta Municipal Corporations were established. The Bengal Act was passed in 1842
to introduce the urban local governance in Bengal. In 1882, the then Viceroy Lord Ripon attempted to
reform the urban governance system, but this effort was not successful due to political reasons. In
1909, the Royal Decentralization Commission was constituted to report on the decentralization of
urban administration, based on which the Government of India Act, 1919 made a clear provision in
relation to urban administration. However, urban bodies were not mentioned anywhere except entry
number 5 in the state list of the seventh schedule of the original constitution.
Keeping in mind the importance of urban bodies in democratic decentralization, the 74th
Constitutional Amendment Bill was introduced in the Parliament in 1992. The bill was passed by the
Lok Sabha on 22 December 1992 and by the Rajya Sabha on 23 December 1992. It was approved by
President of India on 20 April 1993.
From 1stJune 1993, the Act came into force in the entire country except Jammu and Kashmir.
Through 74th Constitutional Amendment Act Schedule 12 and article 243 (P) to article 243 (ZG) was
inserted. 74th Constitutional Amendment conferred constitutional status to the urban local bodies.
Several provisions were made by the constitution to bring structural uniformity in the urban bodies, to
organize regular elections and to establish a strong financial system of the bodies. According to
Article 243 (Q) of the Constitution, Municipal Corporation has been constituted in each state for large
urban areas, Municipal Council for small urban areas and Municipal Panchayat for towns.
In Madhya Pradesh the first municipality was first formed in Datia in 1907. Indore, Gwalior and
Narsinghgarh Municipalities were established in 1929. As on March 2016, there are 16 municipal
corporations, 98 municipal councils and 265 Nagar Panchayats are working in the state.
Urban Local Self-Government Structure
Municipal Corporation
Local self-government institutions of metro cities are called Municipal Corporations. Municipal
corporation is established by the state government with a special act passed by state legislature.
Normally the municipal corporation is composed of elected councilors, members nominated by the

61
state government, local members of parliament and MLAs. But other than the elected councilors,
other members do not have the right to vote in the General Council of corporation. The corporation is
divided into three parts –Council of Municipal Corporation, Mayor in Counciland Corporation
Commissioner.
Council of Municipal Corporation
The Council of Municipal Corporation is called the Legislature of the Municipal Corporation, its
members are elected by the public on the basis of adult suffrage for a period of 5 years from wards
and they are called Municipal Councilors. The municipal corporation area is divided into several
wards by the state government. In the wards, there is a provision of reservation for Scheduled Castes,
Scheduled Tribes, Backward Classes and women as per rules. To contest the election of a councilor,
the candidate must be a citizen of India, must have attained the age of 21 years, the name of the
candidate should be in the voter list of that ward. The president of the municipal corporation is elected
by a majority of the councilors to preside over the meetings of the Municipal Council.
Mayor
The Mayor is the Executive Chairman of the Municipal Corporation. The mayor is elected directly by
the public. The Mayor of the Municipal Corporation acts as the executive of the Municipal
Corporation along with the Chairpersons of some of its Committees. The Mayor and the Chairpersons
of its committees are collectively called the Council in Mayor. The term of the Mayor of the
Municipal Corporation is 5 years.
Madhya Pradesh is amongst the few states which have a Mayor-in-Council system. It is constituted by
the Mayor from amongst the elected Councilors within seven days of the selection of the Speaker. In
addition to the Mayor the Mayor-in-Council can have 5 to 10 members. The Act specifies that the
Mayor-in-Council members can hold the office „during the pleasure‟ of the Mayor. New civil works,
issue of tenders under various government schemes and other such matters have to be approved by the
Mayor-in-Council.
Madhya Pradesh Municipalities (The Conduct of Business of the Mayor-In-Council/President-In-
Council and the Powers and Functions of the Authorities) Rules, 1998 define the financial powers of
the Mayor-in-Council.
Commissioner
The Commissioner is the principal executive officer of the Corporation. He is appointed by the state
government. The Commissioner is usually of the IAS cadre. Some of the functions of the
Commissioner are:
a. The Commissioner can contribute or participate in any meeting of the Corporation or any committee
but cannot vote or move a proposal.

62
b. The Commissioner can delegate powers to other officers to carry out his/her functions.
c. The contracts for municipal works are made on behalf of the Corporation in the name of the
Commissioner.
d. Commissioner is also responsible for drawing up a monthly abstract of receipt and expenditure every
month and share it with the auditor and the Mayor-in-Council.
Speaker
The Municipal Act also provides for the office of the speaker, who is elected by the Mayor and the
councilors. The speaker is responsible for presiding over the meetings of the council and share the
proceedings with the Commissioner. Along with the consent of the Mayor, the Speaker is also
responsible for convening the meetings, drawing the agenda and sharing it with the councilors.
Functions of Corporation
The Corporation acts like the government of a Metro cities. Ensuring land use, provide building
permission, slum management, supply of clean water, construction and maintenance of roads,
footpaths, Wenders corner and streets, maintenance of street and road lights,healthcare, maintenance
of drainage and sanitation, maintenance parks, gardens and playgrounds, births and death
registrationand arrangement of crematorium, firefighting service, primary education, stray animals
etc. are the responsibility of the Municipal Corporation.
Sources of income
The corporation collects income from resources at local level such as property tax, property transfer
tax, market tax, shop tax, advertising tax, etc. In addition, these bodies are also provided grants by the
state government on the recommendation of the State Finance Commission.
Nagar Palika Parishad
Small urban areas are administrated by Nagar Palika Parishad. The State Legislature enacts an Act for
the formation and functioning of a Nagar Palika Parishad. The number of members of the Nagar
Palika Parishaddepends on the population of the city. The city is divided into wards. Some wards are
reserved for scheduled castes, tribes and women. To contest the election of a councilor, the candidate
must be a citizen of India, must have attained the age of 21 years, the name of the candidate should be
in the voter list of that ward.
The 'chairman' of the Nagar Palika Parishad is directly elected by the people on the basis of adult
suffrage. Councilors elect a vice-chairman of Nagar Palika Parishad among them. The Chairman and
deputy chairman of the Nagar Palika Parishad may also remove by councilor through a no-confidence
motion. Nagar Palika Parishad is required to meet once in 1 month, it is chaired by the 'Municipal
President'.

63
The Nagar Palika Parishad constitutes committees, sub-committees, for the execution of its various
functions. In addition to the elected members of this committee, there are some permanent members.
Such as - executive officer, health officer, cleaning officer, municipal engineer, overseer, octroi,
education specialist etc.
Nagar Panchayat
The 'Nagar-Panchayat' is arranged in transitive areas, that is areas moving from rural to urban area.
Such areas are also called towns. They have been given different names in different states, such as
'Nagar Panchayat' in Uttar Pradesh and Chhattisgarh, Notified Area Committee in Bihar, and Nagar
Palika Parishad in Madhya Pradesh. The members of the Nagar Panchayat are called corporators. The
head of the Nagar Panchayat is called the Adhyaksha. The councilor and Adhyaksha are directly
elected by the people of that city. Councilors elect one of them as Upadhyaksha.
Right to recall
Councilors of the urban body can remove the municipal chairman through a no-confidence motion
passed by a two third majority. Right to recall was first used in Anuppur tehsil of Shahdol district.
Pallavika Patel, the municipal chairman of Anuppur, was removed by the public in 2003 through right
to recall. Madhya Pradesh is the firststate to make provision of Right to Recallin the local bodies.
Election of Mayor and chairman of Urban Bodies
In the year 2019, the Kamal Nath government decided to elect the mayor and chairman of the urban
bodies in Madhya Pradesh indirectly. The government changed the system through an ordinance and
then passed and implemented it on 27 January 2020. The BJP government of Shiv Raj Singh Chauhan
has issued an ordinance to change this system and re-implement the old system. Now again the
election of the mayor and the chairman of the urban bodies will be done in a direct manner.
Tenure of urban bodies
Article 243 (T) of the Constitution provides that every urban body remains in existence for a period of
5 years from its formation. If any urban body is dissolved before the period of 5 years, then the
election of a new body will be held within 6 months.
Urban body elections
Article 243 (ZA) of the Constitution provides that the superintendence, direction and control of the
preparation of electoral rolls for, and the conduct of, all elections to the Municipalities shall be vested
in the State Election Commission referred to in article 243K.
The minimum age to contest the election of the urban body is set at 21 years. The candidate should be
a resident of the urban body. Every person registered in the electors role having completed 18 years
of age can vote in the election of the Urban body.

64
Reservation
According to Article 243 (T) of the Constitution, at least one-third of the total number of posts in
municipalities at each level will be reserved for women. Half of the seats in municipalities have been
reserved for women by the Government of Madhya Pradesh. Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes
are given reservation on seats in proportion to their population. For other backward classes,
reservation can be provided by the state for a maximum of 25 percent seats. The system of reservation
of seats in municipalities is rotational.
State finance commission
According to Article 243 (Y), the State Finance Commission constituted in Article 243 (I) will make
recommendations related to the distribution of financial resources between the state and the urban
bodies. The State Finance Commission will submit its report to the Governor. He will submit it to the
State Legislative Assembly.
List of 18 items covered under the Twelfth Schedule of the Indian Constitution are as follows;
1. Regulation of land use and construction of land buildings.
2. Urban planning including the town planning.
3. Planning for economic and social development
4. Urban poverty alleviation
5. Water supply for domestic, industrial and commercial purposes
6. Fire services
7. Public health sanitation, conservancy and solid waste management
8. Slum improvement and up-gradation
9. Safeguarding the interests of the weaker sections of society, including the physically handicapped
and mentally unsound
10. Urban forestry, protection of environment and promotion of ecological aspects
11. Construction of roads and bridges
12. Provision of urban amenities and facilities such as parks, gardens and playgrounds
13. Promotion of cultural, educational and aesthetic aspects
14. Burials and burials grounds, cremation and cremation grounds and electric crematoriums
15. Cattle ponds, prevention of cruelty to animals
16. Regulation of slaughter houses and tanneries
17. Public amenities including street lighting, parking spaces, bus stops and public conveniences
18. Vital statistics including registration of births and deaths

Unit 5 in English

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Unit 5 in English

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Unit 5 in English

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

1

284, RADHIKA HIEGHTS, ZONE 2, MP NAGAR BHOPAL 9098200428

Political system of Madhya Pradesh State

Gwalior Division – Gwalior, Shivpuri, Guna, Ashoknagar, and Datia district

284, RADHIKA HIEGHTS, ZONE 2, MP NAGAR BHOPAL 9098200428

2. Famous for fort of Nal Damyanti (Narwar)

284, RADHIKA HIEGHTS, ZONE 2, MP NAGAR BHOPAL 9098200428

Sagar Division – Sagar, Damoh, Panna, Chhatarpur, Niwari and Tikamgarh

284, RADHIKA HIEGHTS, ZONE 2, MP NAGAR BHOPAL 9098200428

284, RADHIKA HIEGHTS, ZONE 2, MP NAGAR BHOPAL 9098200428

Jabalpur Division– Jabalpur, Katni, Narsinghpur, Chhindwara, Seoni, Mandla, Balaghat

284, RADHIKA HIEGHTS, ZONE 2, MP NAGAR BHOPAL 9098200428

9. Western Central RailwayZoneHeadquarter which in Jabalpur.

284, RADHIKA HIEGHTS, ZONE 2, MP NAGAR BHOPAL 9098200428

284, RADHIKA HIEGHTS, ZONE 2, MP NAGAR BHOPAL 9098200428

284, RADHIKA HIEGHTS, ZONE 2, MP NAGAR BHOPAL 9098200428

Bhopal Division - Bhopal, Raisen, Vidisha, Sehore, Rajgarh

284, RADHIKA HIEGHTS, ZONE 2, MP NAGAR BHOPAL 9098200428

284, RADHIKA HIEGHTS, ZONE 2, MP NAGAR BHOPAL 9098200428

7. Famous three caves Mahadeva, Parvati, and Gaye Kotha

284, RADHIKA HIEGHTS, ZONE 2, MP NAGAR BHOPAL 9098200428

7. Mhow of Indore stand for the Military Head Quarterof War.

284, RADHIKA HIEGHTS, ZONE 2, MP NAGAR BHOPAL 9098200428

284, RADHIKA HIEGHTS, ZONE 2, MP NAGAR BHOPAL 9098200428

11. The first mobile bank of country was started in Khargone.

284, RADHIKA HIEGHTS, ZONE 2, MP NAGAR BHOPAL 9098200428

Rewa Division – Satna, Sidhi, Singrauli and Rewa

284, RADHIKA HIEGHTS, ZONE 2, MP NAGAR BHOPAL 9098200428

284, RADHIKA HIEGHTS, ZONE 2, MP NAGAR BHOPAL 9098200428

284, RADHIKA HIEGHTS, ZONE 2, MP NAGAR BHOPAL 9098200428

3. Rajeshwari temple one of the famous shakti temple of Shajapur.

284, RADHIKA HIEGHTS, ZONE 2, MP NAGAR BHOPAL 9098200428

Constitutional Machinery of Madhya Pradesh

284, RADHIKA HIEGHTS, ZONE 2, MP NAGAR BHOPAL 9098200428

14 Shri K. M. Chandy 15.05.1984 to 30.11.1987

284, RADHIKA HIEGHTS, ZONE 2, MP NAGAR BHOPAL 9098200428

284, RADHIKA HIEGHTS, ZONE 2, MP NAGAR BHOPAL 9098200428

284, RADHIKA HIEGHTS, ZONE 2, MP NAGAR BHOPAL 9098200428

Position of the Chief Minister

14 Mar 1957 11 Mar 1962

8 Mar 1967 29 July 1967

6Naresh Chandra Singh (Samyukta 13 Mar 1969 25 Mar 1969 12 days

284, RADHIKA HIEGHTS, ZONE 2, MP NAGAR BHOPAL 9098200428

–Vacant 30 Apr 1977 23 June 1977 54 days

9Kailash Chandra Joshi(Janata 24 June 1977 17 Jan 1978 207 days

Arjun Singh (Congress) 14 Feb 1988 23 Jan 1989 344 days

Motilal Vora (Congress) 25 Jan 1989 9 Dec 1989 318 days

Shyama Charan Shukla 9 Dec 1989 1 Mar 1990 82 days

–Vacant (President's rule) 15 Dec 1992 6 Dec 1993 355 days

1Dig Vijaya Singh (Congress) 7 Dec 1993 1 Dec 1998 10 years,

1Uma Bharti (BJP) 8 Dec 2003 23 Aug 2004 259 days

14 Dec 2013 17 Dec 2018

1Kamal Nath (Congress) 17 Dec 2018 23 March 2020 1 year, 97 days

284, RADHIKA HIEGHTS, ZONE 2, MP NAGAR BHOPAL 9098200428

1. Ravi Shankar Shukla (01/11/1956 to 31/12/1956)

284, RADHIKA HIEGHTS, ZONE 2, MP NAGAR BHOPAL 9098200428

284, RADHIKA HIEGHTS, ZONE 2, MP NAGAR BHOPAL 9098200428

284, RADHIKA HIEGHTS, ZONE 2, MP NAGAR BHOPAL 9098200428

284, RADHIKA HIEGHTS, ZONE 2, MP NAGAR BHOPAL 9098200428

284, RADHIKA HIEGHTS, ZONE 2, MP NAGAR BHOPAL 9098200428