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    Microscope

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    lawandlatif36
    The document summarizes the key aspects of microscopes. It describes the history of microscopes from their invention in the late 16th century through modern electron microscopes. It then outlines the main types of microscopes including light microscopes, dissection microscopes, transmission electron microscopes, and scanning electron microscopes. Finally, it details the major parts of light microscopes and how they work to magnify specimens for examination.

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    Microscope

    Uploaded by

    lawandlatif36
    392 views4 pages
    The document summarizes the key aspects of microscopes. It describes the history of microscopes from their invention in the late 16th century through modern electron microscopes. It then outlines the main types of microscopes including light microscopes, dissection microscopes, transmission electron microscopes, and scanning electron microscopes. Finally, it details the major parts of light microscopes and how they work to magnify specimens for examination.

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    1. Microscope

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    The document summarizes the key aspects of microscopes. It describes the history of microscopes from their invention in the late 16th century through modern electron microscopes. It then outlines the main types of microscopes including light microscopes, dissection microscopes, transmission electron microscopes, and scanning electron microscopes. Finally, it details the major parts of light microscopes and how they work to magnify specimens for examination.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    392 views4 pages

    Microscope

    Uploaded by

    lawandlatif36
    The document summarizes the key aspects of microscopes. It describes the history of microscopes from their invention in the late 16th century through modern electron microscopes. It then outlines the main types of microscopes including light microscopes, dissection microscopes, transmission electron microscopes, and scanning electron microscopes. Finally, it details the major parts of light microscopes and how they work to magnify specimens for examination.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    Lec 1 Lab.

    instrument

    Microscope

    Microscope: Is an instrument that gives an enlarged image of an object or substance


    that minute or not visible with the naked eye.

    “Micro” means very small


    “Scope” means to look at

    History

    • In 1590 two Dutch spectacle makers, Zacharias Jensen & his son Hans, while
    experimenting with several lenses in a tube, discovered that nearby objects, appeared
    greatly enlarged.
    • In 1609 Galileo worked out the principle lenses & made a much better instrument
    with a focusing device
    • In 1655 Robert hook, used a compound microscope to observe pores in cork, He
    called them “cells”
    • Anton van Leeuwenhoek, first to see single-celled organisms in pond water.

    Types of Microscopes

    1. Light Microscope: is light illuminated, most widely


    used and use compound lenses to magnify objects. The
    lenses bend or refract light to make the object beneath
    them appear closer. Can magnify up to 1000X

    2. Dissection microscope (stereomicroscope): is light illuminated, It


    is used for dissection to get a better look at the larger specimen For
    example, You cannot see individual cells because it has a low
    magnification ( 10x , 20x )

    1
    Lec 1 Lab. instrument

    3. Transmission electron microscope: Can magnify up to 250000X

    4. Scanning electron microscope: Can magnify up to 100000X

    Major parts of microscope

    1. Eyepiece (ocular) lenses: The lens at the top that you look through. That are usually
    10X.
    2. Objective lenses: Usually you will find 3 or 4 objective lenses on microscope. They
    almost always consist of 4X, 10X,
    40X and 100X. Total
    Magnification of microscope

    2
    Lec 1 Lab. instrument

    3. Tube: Connects the eyepiece to objective lenses.


    4. Arm: Supports the tube and connects it to the base.
    5. Base: The bottom of the microscope, used for support.
    6. Stage: The flat form where you place your slides. Stage clips hold the slides in place.
    If the microscope has a mechanical stage, you will be able to move the slide around by
    turning two knobs. One moves it left & right, the other moves it forward and back
    ward.
    7. Illuminator: A steady light source used in place of a mirror.
    8. Condenser lens: The purpose of the condenser lens is to focus the light onto the
    specimen.
    9. Diaphragm or Iris: Many microscopes have a rotating disk under the stage, this
    diaphragm has different sized holes & is used to vary the intensity & size of the cone
    of light that is projected upward into the slide.
    10.Fine adjustment: This control allows for precise focusing of the specimen
    11.Coarse adjustment: this control moves the stage up or down in a quick manner

    3
    Lec 1 Lab. instrument

    How Does a Microscope Work?


    All of the parts of a microscope work together - The light from the illuminator passes
    through the aperture, through the slide, and through the objective lens, where the image of
    the specimen is magnified. Then magnified image continues up through the body tube of
    the microscope to the eyepiece, which further magnifies the image the viewer then sees.

    Rules of using a microscope:


    • Always carry with 2 hands
    • Only use lens paper for cleaning
    • Do not force knobs
    • Always store covered

    How to focus your image:


    • Place the slide on the stage, held in place by the stage clip.
    • ALWAYS start with the 4X lens. Focus your image.
    • Move to the 10X lens, focus.
    • NEVER use the coarse focus higher than 4X and 10X.
    • Repeat at the 40X lens, focus using the fine focus.

    Distance between lens and slide:


    • Use only the fine focus knob with the 40X and 100X lens.

    The Oil Immersion Lens:


    • The oil immersion lens or 100X lens is used with special optical oil. It makes the image clear
    at a higher magnification
    • Your instructor will tell you if you need to use this lens.
    It is important to remove all the oil if you use the oil immersion lens.
    4

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