WORD PREVIEW

{• I• {•

perfect chase upside

shape happen unicorn downside
fingertip researcher precious quality
through a series of rely on electronic
experíment rabbit wisdom
device item solution contaín
take advantage of standard seek expert
control group uninformed
general premlum unbelievable idiot
knowledge ethically in between
world wide web discount flood huge
in the hope that attitude boss trustworthy
desire corporate frog search engine
punish metaphor popularity
customer comparison surround
pursue temperature mislead
marketer adopt measure
behaviour financial maxim critical
native stability myth evaluate
envíronment eventually utilize
’
The Internet really is a strange and wonderful place. Information of all sorts , shapes and
sizes @ be at our fingertips , whether through a computer, smartphone or tablet device , and we
take full advantage of that. The statistics will vary depending on which article you read but the
story is the same. If we are searching for product information , film reviews , travel advice or
just general knowledge , the vast majority of us will turn immediately to the world wide web I 5

in the hope that it will satisfy our desire for knowledge. The result is
This can offer more insight about customers than any other data. When this information is
fully contextualized , marketers can start to understand customer behaviours in @ that has
become their very native digital environmen t. * contextualize

CD the preference to new interactive media

@ the birth of superior artificial intelligence
@ the unconscious leak of private information
@) a random collection of unproven information
@ a very revealing digital footprint of our needs

f
•

1
•

2
• •

3
•

fingertip tablet device

statistics article film review
search for general the vast of
immediately satisfy revealing

80 2
 The Internet

1 to I
I- I free , various , and easy
information

Our use 1

Result ) - [ a very reveali

ofters more insight about customers

Insights ) - [ to understand ,

1
(1) : very great in size , amount, or degree
(2) : belonging to a particular place by birth

2 l!lEI
@ be •

@ that •

3 thatOI

•
The statistics will vary depending on [which articl El you read] but the story is the same

CHAPTER 03 • UNrr 10 81
01
In a perfect world , consumers would if the product were
@relatively homogeneous. But does this really happen? To find out, researchers conducted a
series of experiments. They showed consumers the same products - coffee and t-shirts - but
told one group the items had been made using high ethical standards and another group that
low standards had been used. A control group got no information. In all of the tests , consumers
were willing to pay a slight premium for the ethically made goods. But they went @ much
further in the other direction: they would buy unethically made products only at a steep
discoun t. What ’ s more , consumer attitudes played a big part in shaping those results. People
with high standards for corporate behavior @) rewarding the ethical companies with bigger
premiums and punished the unethical ones with bigger discounts. * homogeneous 110

CD try to find the cheapest product through price comparison

@ evaluate products by objective standards , not cheated by marketing
@ pursue high quality even in daily necessities such as food and c1 0thing
@ pay more for good companies' products than unethical companies' products
@ adopt different attitudes toward companies based on their financial stability

1 @rv@

• the / the / prices / more / higher / to pay / the products / the consumers / were made / were
• ... J
•

In the experiments in the paragraph above ,

relatively conduct ethical

premium steep
what’ s more corporate reward

82 2
 -

02 Ç1 8440-0039

Life is too short to chase unicorns. It ’ s too precious to rely on a rabbit ’ s foo t. The real
solutions we seek are almost always hiding in plain sight; unfortunately, they ’ ve usually been
obscured by an unbelievable amount 0f fake , an astounding flood of “ common sense" that
turns out to be (A) 1nonsense / sensible 1. Ever hear your boss evoke the frog-in-boiling-water
metaphor? (“Toss a frog into a pot of hot water and @it will jump right back ou t. But if you
place a frog in lukewarm water and slowly (B) lower /
1 1the temperature, @ it will boil
to death.") @) It’ s a lie - a very complete lie. Anyone ever tell you “ fish stink from the head
down"? Not true. Just a fish tale that actually turns out to be fishy. You may wonder how it
ever became a maxim at all. Over time , myths and mistrusts get thrown around so often they
eventually * rabbit ’s foot

CD use a variety of animals as storytellers

@ vanish from the bottom all of a sudden
@ happen to be revealed as fake unintentionally
@ feel familiar and start to sound like the truth
@ question whether the maxims are original or not

1 (A).
(A) (B)

2 @rv@

in plain sight obscured astounding

evoke lukewarm stink
fishy eventually

10 83
03
The upside of the Internet is that it is democratic - anyone can say what they like - but
the downside is that there is no quality control. Far from being an electronic oracle infallibly
dispensing wisdom , @ it contains the views not only of credentialed experts but also of
uninformed idiots - and everything in between. There is , of course , a huge amount of useful ,
accurate and trustworthy information online , but it is not always easy to find. Search engines
like Google may help , but it is important to keep in mind that page rankings are determined
by popularity rather than truth. Since conspiracy theories surrounding events such as 9/11 are
popular, they are likely to appear high on such rankings , but this does not mean @ are
true. So if we are to avoid being misled , we need not only the ability to locate information ,
but also *oracle

CD the ability to produce and share it

@ technology to measure its amounts
@ the critical thinking skills to evaluate it
@ an environment where it is utilized smoothly
@ effort to keep records of important information

1
@ @

2 everything in betweenOI

democratic infallibly dispense

credentialed uninformed accurate
keep in mind conspiracy locate

84 2
 :( ( 2 Student ID Name

How teens communicate with friends using socia l networking sites

The percentage ofteen social networking site (SNS) users who ...

Post messages to a friend ’s page

Send private messages to a friend within
the social networking system
Post comments to a friend ’ s blog
Send a bulletin or group message
to their friends
Give compliments to their friends

STEP 01

1 What does the graph show?

The graph shows

2 What did SNS users do most often?

The highest percentage of respondents said that

3 What did SNS users do second most often?

More than

4 The percentage of respondents who used social networking sites to

was less than half of those who

STEP 02

The graph shows

The highest percentage of responden ts said that
More than . The percentage
of respondents who used social networking sit es t o
was of those w h o

(10) (5)

CHAPTER 03 • UNIT 10 85
 STEP 01 1 The graph shows how teens communicate with friends using social networking sites.

2 The highest percentage of respondents said that they posted messages to a friend ’ s page
3 More than 80 percent of respondents said that they sent private messages to a friend within the
social networking system.

4 The percentage of respondents who used social networking sites to give compliments to their
friends was less than half of those who posted comments to a friend ’ s blog.

STEP 02
The graph shows how teens communicate with friends using social
network sites . The highest percentage of respondents said that they posted
messages to a friend ’ s page . More .than 80 percent of respondents said
that they sent private messages to a friend within the social networking
system. The percentage of respondents who used social networking sites
to give compliments to their friends was less than half of those who posted
comments to a friend ’ s blog.

86 2
WORD PREVIEW

{• (• ( ....

abstract injury take time

simplified initial strict recommend
feature impact along with against
territory resultant burden
phenomenon public performance expenence
gather shrink least financially
attribute blood vessel wealthy
explicitly rush subject wealth
location opposite fluency personality
related reaction flexibility multiplier
overall originality cruel
perspective composition survival
describe gradually anecdotal anymore
navigate reswell significant generous
means physician undisturbed provide
communicate patient convlnce opportunity
capture curative similarly moreover
unique moreover additionally thus
detail instead therefore
nevertheless
’ (A) , 1;l 8440-0041

A map is a common example of a mode l. It is an abstract , simplified representation of

the salient features of a territory; it is not the territory. (A) , a model is not the
phenomenon it represents but only a simplified representation of the data gathered in relation
to its attributes. The map shows explicitly how various locations are related to each other,
and it gives an overall perspective. It can therefore be quite @ I useful / usefully I as a means I5
of describing and helping one know how to navigate the territory, as well as a means of
communicating to others how to do so. 1t does not, (B) , provide reasons why the
locations are related to each other the way they are. Nor can it fully capture all unique
details that CB I characterize / characterizes I any particular location. * salient

(A) (B) (A) (B)

CD For example however @ Similarly however
@ For example therefore @ Similarly therefore
@ 1nstead

I
1 .
•

3 •

a
‘
-z f simplified territory
nur m m On attribute explicitly
mm
perspective navigate

88 2
 An example of a model , or a 1s of the real attributes

• It shows how various locations are related to each othe r.

• It cannot fully 3c all the unique details.

1
(1) to choose a path so that a ship , plane , or car can go in a particular direction ,
especially by using maps or instruments
(2) : a sign , symbol , or picture of something

2 do

3
@ @

• do
and helping one know [how to navigate the territory). as well as a means 01 communicating to others
[how •
~ the

•
it (can) fuliy capture ali the unique details - . "'.
canOI it

11 89
01 (A) ,

As you know, many ' sports injuries are treated with ice packs. The initial impact of the
ice is @ reduce the inflammation and the resultant swelling by shrinking the blood vessels
and , so , slowing down the rush of blood to the area. (A) , the body also has an
opposite reaction to the cold, namely to send extra blood to the chilled area to warm it up.
(You may have noticed this phenomenon yourself when you ’ ve had very cold hands. As soon
as you came inside or otherwise @ warm your hands , they seemed to glow.) Fortunately,
however, the body sends this warming blood to the area gradually without causing reswelling.
(B) , the sports physician has given his patient the best of all worlds; reduced
swelling and inflammation but increased flow of curative blood. * inflammation

(A) (B)
CD However Thus
@ However Instead
@ Therefore Thus
@ Moreover Instead
@ Moreover Nevertheless

1
@ reduce •
@ warm •

2 this

initial
resultant shrink
blood vessel opposite
reaction chill phenomenon
reswell physician
curative

90 2
02 (A) ,

The development of quality and creative musical ideas @ take time. Schools are set up such
that teachers must work on a strict and limited time schedule , with few precious moments
allowed in a week for music instruction , along with the additional burden of having to
produce excellent concerts for public performance. (A) , this hectic approach to
may be least conducive for thinking. Researchers have provided evidence 1 5

@ when given shorter time to work on a creative task , subjects produced lower scores
on fluency, flexibility , and originality tests. (B) , researchers found that students
produce their most original ideas later in creative tasks rather than ear1 ier. My own
of teaching composition to children provides anecdotal evidence to support the notion that
they need a significant amount of undisturbed time when composing. 1 often have had a 110
difficult time @ convincing students to take a break, even after hours of working on a music
composition projec t. * hectic *. conducive

(A) (B)
CD Similarly Nevertheless
@ For example
@ Unfortunately
@ Unfortunately Nevertheless
@ Similar1 y Therefore

1 @rv@
(1) (2)

2 this hectic approach to

strict public performance

subject anecdotal significant
undisturbed

03 • UNrT 11 91
03 (A) ,

1f you want to be successful , 1 @ highly recommend learning to be happy firs t. 1t is possible

to become successful without first leaming to be happy, but 1 strongly recommend against it,
because if you are unhappy before you are successful , you are likely to be even more unhappy
after. (A) , based on my own experience becoming financially successful and @ it
of other wealthy people 1 know, 1 have found wealth to be a personality multiplier. If you are I5
cruel and unkind , then being wealthy will make you even more cruel and unkind , because you
don ’ t even have survival-related reasons @) to be nice to anyone anymore. If, (B)
you are kind and generous , then being wealthy will make you more so , because wealth
provides more opportunities for doing so.

(A) (B)
CD As a result moreover
@ For example instead
@ For example thus
@ Nevertheless instead
@ Nevertheless moreover

1 @rv@

2 I have found wealth to be a personality

recommend financialiy wealthy

wealth multiplier cruel
generous provide opportunity
moreover thus nevertheless

92 2
 ( ( Student ID Name

Map of ABC City

40 years ago Now

sports center m

STEP 01

1 What do the two maps illustrate?

2 Where was the schoollocated 40 years ago?
3 Where was the hospital located 40 years ago?
4 Which buildings have not been moved in the last 40 years?

STEP 02

similarly across show however next to for example the same to sum up

The two maps how ABC City has changed over the last 40 years.
First of all , the school was located the street from the airport 40
years ago. , it is now located next to the sports center. Likewise ,
the location of the hospital has been moved; 40 years ago , it was
the school , but now it is next to the marke t. On the other hand , the locations of
the other buildings have remained , the location of the
restaurant is unchanged. , the bank has always been where it is now.
, these two maps illustrate how the city has changed over the last 40
years.

(5)

11 93
 STEP 01 1 The two maps illustrate how the city has changed over the last 40 years
2 It was located across the street from the airport.
3 It was located next to the schoo l.
4 The bank , the market, the center, the and the restaurant have not been moved.

STEP 02
The two maps show how ABC City has changed over the last 40 years.
First of all , the school was located across the street from the airport 40
years ago. However, it is now located next to sports center. Likewise ,
the location of the hospital has been moved; 40 years ago , it was next to the
school, but now it is next to the marke t. On the other hand , the locations of
the other buildings have remained the same. For example, the Jocation of the
restaurant is unchanged. Sirnilarly, the bank has always been where it is now.
To sum up , these two maps illustrate how the city has changed over the last
40 years.

94 2
WORD PREVIEW

{•

common strive field physicaliy

entertainment presentation guide artwork
spontaneous intimate philosophy upside down
script atmosphere so to speak
uncontrolied heighten otherwise
expect audience sailor area
horror eye contact aimlessly improve
nail-biting touch confidence
determine attend course overlook
close maximum refer to right-side up
lose capacity compass the same goes for
committed proper so as to flip
lack reserve direction perspective
focus vast define stuff
confideht for sure worthwhile likewise
let go of crowded athlete point of view
nature impressive worthy reflection
a host of empty objective notice
chalienge be inciined to blind altered
provider auditorium
,
One important way in which sport differs from other common entertainment forms is that
sport is spontaneous. A play has a script and a concert has a program, but the action that
entertains us in sport is spontaneous and uncontrolled by those who participate in the event.
When we go to a comedic movie , we expect to laugh , and when we go to a horror movie , we
expect nail-biting entertainmen t. CD But the emotions we may feel when watching a sporting 1 5

event are (A) easy / hard to determine. @ If it is a c1 0se contest and our team wins , we may
1 1

feel excitement and joy. @ But if it is a boring event and our team loses , the
we receive is quite (B) 1 similar / different 1. @ The reasons the team loses are that the
players are not committed, lack focus , are not confident, or couldn’t let go of their mistakes.
@ Because of its spontaneous nature , sport producers face a host of challenges that are 1 10

different than those faced by most entertainment providers.

Structure

•
1

2
•

entertainment spontaneous script

nail-biting determine close
committed let go of
a host of chalienge

% 2
 Entertainment Predetermined Emotions
Result
forms things we may feel

none hard to
sport
(• spontaneous) 3 Sport producers face challenges
plays 2 that are 4 than
those of other entertainment
programs predictable providers.

movles genres

1
(A) (B)

One important way [in which {sport differs from other common entertainment forms}) is that sport is

spontaneous.

CHAPTER 04 • 12 97
01
Strive to make your presentations as personal as possible and avoid speaking in a space
larger than necessary. CD Smaller rooms create a more intimate atmosphere , which will
heighten the energy and emotion of an audience. @ Speaking in a smaller space will also
allow you to make eye contact with your audience , an important personal touch. @ If 25
people are expected to attend your presentation , find a space with a maximum capacity of
30 instead of 100. @ Although deciding the proper space for your presentation can become a
surprisingly difficult task, it ’ s safer to reserve a vast room with enough seats for everyone to
seat for sure. @ A crowded room will seem more impressive than an empty hall and people
will be more in c1ined to remember a full house rather than an auditorium of empty seats.

1 to

strive intimate peighten

capacity vast
be inclined to

98 2
 -

02 08440-0047

Those in the field of children's sports need something to guide their efforts , a guiding
philosophy so to speak. CD @ 0therwise they are like sailors of long ago who sometimes sailed
about aimlessly and without confidence of their course when away from land. @ At times ,
individuals involved in children ’ s sports need to be able to “ check the course" by referring
to a compass in their own minds so as to @ know if they are moving in the proper direction. I 5
@ In order to do this , they must have a “ magnetic north" composed of a purpose and of
clearly defined worthwhile objectives. @ They must be good athletes if they want to become
successful coaches for children ’ s sports. @ If they have their worthy objectives in mind as
they make decisions about their programs , they will not be sailing blind.

1 @ (A),
If those in the field of children ’ s sports (A) have (B)

philosophy
so to speak otherwise aimlessly
refer to compass direction
magnetic north worthwhile
objective athlete blind

CHAPTER 04 • UNrT 12 99
03
Artists will often physica11y turn their artwork upside down to view it in a new way and
expose areas @ which the work could be improved. Doing so a110ws them @ to see flaws and
other easy-to-overlook details they couldn ’ t see after looking at the artwork right-side up
for so long. CD The same goes for your everyday lives , inc1 uding your problems , ideas , and
work. CID You see them “ right-side up" for so long that you can ’ t see them in any other way.
@ By flipping your perspective upside down , you expose yourself to a new way of viewing
the same old stuff. @) Likewise , changing your point of view @ is the result of many hours
of reflection. @ If you can physica11y change your perspective - by sitting on your head ,
or flipping something you ’ re looking at upside down - you ’ 11 notice things you never did
before as a result of the altered 10

1 @"-'@

2 Doing

nF VJ a ---,
upside down expose
””‘a W right-side up
I X
nF nh
likewise
nu
nur -” rn
reflection altered

100 2
 \\
( ( Student ID Name

STEP 01
@
@

Title Lion

Director Garth Davis

Original book the nonfiction book A Long Way Home by Saroo Brierley
Starring Dev Patel , Rooney Mara , David Wenham and Nicole Kidman
Saroo @ on a train , which takes him thousands of
miles across India , @ After wandering @
Saroo @ by a warm-hearted couple in Australia. Saroo , now a
Plot
young man , @ during a meal with some Indian friends. Saroo
searches for his hometown using an online satellite imagery map service. Finally, he
@ and reunites with his biological family
• the adoptees ’ @
Impressive
• the@ of family
points
of the actors

STEP 02

Lion is a film by G arth Davis , based on the

book by Saroo Brierley. The film
Dev Patel , Rooney Mara , David Wenham a nd Nicole Kidman.
The story is as follows: Five-year-old Saroo gets lost on a train , which takes him
. After for se veral months , Saroo
is adopted and raised by a couple in
S aroo , now a , recalls his childhood during
S a roo using an online servlce.
Finally, he fi nds his hometown and . This film
us with the losses and pains ,
the true meaning of , and fine acting of

(10) (5)

101
 STEP 01 @ gets lost
@m m a Il v
“
@· S @ s
@ for several months

@ recalls his childhood

@ ~n •
M
m vn
@n R m
@ losses and pains

fine acting

STEP 02
Lion is a film directed by Garth Davis , . based on the non-fiction book A
Long Way Home by Saroo Brierley. The film stars Dev Patel , Rooney Mara,
David Wenham and Nicole Kidman. The story is as follows: Five-year-
old Saroo gets lost on a train , which takes him thousands of miles across
India, (;lway from home and family. After wandering for several months ,
Saroo is adopted and raised by a warm-hearted couple in Australia. Saroo ,
now a young man , recalls his childhood during a meal with some Indian
friends . Saroo searches for his hometown using an online satellite imagery
map service. Finally, he finds his hometown and reunites with his biological
family. This film impresses us with the adoptees ’ losses and pains , the true
meaning of family, and fine acting of the actors.

102 2