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USA HISTORY

5th LECTURE NOTES

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“WESTWARD EXPEMSION OF USA”

“ISOLATION AMERICA”
“ANTI-FDERALIST”

IN THIS LECTURE WE COVERED FOLOWWOING TOPICS FROM

CSS SYLLABUS

1. EXPENSION OF THE USA FROM 13 TO 15 STATES (1820 ~

1898).
2. USA AS AN INDEPENDENCE COUNTRY (1783 ~ 1819).
QUESTIONS IN PAST PAPERS ACCORDING TO SYLLABUS
WESTWARD EXPENSION OF THE USA:
Q1: Since the deceleration of independence, the west ward expansion
was a story of Annexation, concessions and Purchase Discus (2015 and
2019)
ISOLATION AMERICA:
Q1: Define Monroe Doctrine (2015).
Q2: Define Dollar Diplomacy (2016).
ANTI – FEDERALIST:
Q1: In what respect did the philosophy rationale of Jacksonian
democracy differ from those of Jeffersonian? (2015).
Q2: Natural Aristocracy of Thomas Jefferson? (2015).
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INTRODUCTION:
In 1789 one revolution became known as French Revolution. After
French revolution two types of governments found, first known as
Federalist and second known as Anti-Federalist. In federalist
government central government strong and in anti-federalist states
government strong. Federalist against this revolution and Anti-
Federalist supporting French revolution. French government known as
Jacobians government. Jacobian government kill the people in France.
When this terror period start in France, The USA not support to France,
they are not support terror ideology. According to the USA we are life
liberty, we all are united our all states united with each other. On the
same time France vs UK war start in 1793
In 1789 the USA first government come and in 1793 war happen
between France and UK. In this situation the first president of the USA
George Washington said “we are not support to any one and we are
neutral in this war” and they were neutral in this war and not support to
anyone. This policy also foreign policy of the USA for next 50 years.

1793 – GENET AFFAIR (GENET MISSION):

A French minister known as Genet, he were coming the USA in 1793.
Genet said to the first President of the USA George Washington, you
were remembered that in 1778 we does agreement about if France help
to USA in the USA revolution war against the Great Britain. Then in
future the USA also helped us in the war. But George Washington gives
good will to genet regarding this war and for revolution also but they
step back to support in this war to France. This Genet mission also
known as Genet Affair and this is the first diplomatic failure between
France vs the USA.
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In the USA, 13 states want to move western side to increase our

area. But here red-Indians give tough time to 13 societies, because in
Canada British government and British government support North
Western Natives (Red-Indians) and in South West Area Spain support to
Natives (Red-Indians) against the USA 13 societies. Here also they not
support to France, due to this France get back step with the USA after
failure of Genet Affair.
1794 - JOHN JAY TREATY:
When France get back with the USA due to Genet Affairs fail, here they
want to strong relation between USA and UK. In this situation president
of The USA give orders to Supreme Court judge known as john jay to go
UK and handle current situation. In this situation john jay went to UK
and he gives some points to UK are as follow,
 John Jay said that you doesn’t support to North Western Red-
Indians (Natives), then we were support you.
 UK agreed on this point and UK cannot support to Red-Indians.
 They also give permission to them to move in Atlantic Ocean and if
they want to trade with UK they have no issue.
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Due to this treaty conflict developed between France and the USA. In
1995 France destroyed 1778 agreement and warn to the USA if any ship
were come in Atlantic Ocean in the region of France they will destroyed
it.
AFTER 1763 TREATY OF PARIS

As we know that after treaty of Paris, in North America UK has

complete hold.
AFTER 1783 TREATY OF PARIS
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 In this treaty, USA 13 colonies areas extend as compare to 1763
treaty.
 USA have one port known as Boston in East North America.
 USA want to take over on New Orleans port , because this port play
important role for trading and this port held in end of Mississippi
River, its attach with Mexico Sea.
 If they want to take over in New Orleans port, then they want to do
treaty with Spain, because this port under in Spain.
1795 – TREATY OF SAN LORENZO / PINCKNEY TREATY:
As we know that the USA want port called New Orleans for trading
purpose. But this port held in Spain. The USA wants to take over on this
port due to this minister of the USA Thomas Pinckney went to San
Lorenzo (city of Spain) and this treaty known as treaty of San Lorenzo or
Pinckney Treaty. In this treaty Spain agreed to give permission to the
USA for used their port known as New Orleans Port.
1797- JAMES ADAMS:
James Adams was a second federalist President of the USA. He think that
we need to get better relation with France. In 1797 James Adams send
their ministers to France for talk to Neutrality theory. But France Foreign
Ministers cannot mat with the USA ministers and their secretaries mate
with the USA ministers and they cannot show their name in the front of
the USA ministers. Agents said to the USA ministers, we accept your deal
if you give us huge amount of loan and Bribe also, but the USA ministers
cannot agreed in this agreement and go back to the USA. When The USA
people listen about this misbehave by France they said,
“Millions for defense but not a single cent for tribute to France”
After this quasi war start between France and USA.
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1800 – NAPOLEON:
In 1800 a man became in France known as Napoleon, according to
napoleon, we are already in war with UK, if we also start war with the
USA how can we manage it. Then he talked to with the USA and said we
can resolve our issues together with conventional and this conventional
known as Convention of 1800. In this convention napoleon wants to
divided France colonies in the USA and he was successful to get back this
area known as Louisiana from Spain, because in this situation Spain to
week. Port the New Orleans also under in France and the USA wants to
get back it.

1803 – LOUISIANA PURCHASE:

In 1800 election the USA new president became known as Jefferson, in
1803 napoleon stuck in Europe during war, USA so far from Europe,
dream to independent their France colonies from USA already destroyed
and he need capital to fought in war against Europe. Here the USA give
$10 million against the New Orleans port, but Napoleon give deal to the
USA to give $15 million and get back complete Louisiana and USA
purchase Louisiana in 1803 from France (Napoleon) 1 acre in 4 cent
almost.
Here one more issue create, as we know that Jefferson was a hard
constructionist (Anti Federalist), when he want to purchase Louisiana he
must do amendment in constitution, because for any land purchase no
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any clause in constitution, due to this amendment need in constitution
and its almost impossible and time taken practice, here he want to
purchase Louisiana as soon as possible because its possibility became
France sale it to other country for capital. Here Jefferson passed
Louisiana Purchase through legislature and he known as anti-federalist
but he take step as a federalist.
After Louisiana Purchase good relations developed between the USA
and France and this relations cannot accept by UK due to this 1812 war
happen.
WAR OF 1812
REASONS:
1. Louisiana Purchase.
2. Impressment of US merchants:
When any ship traveling from US to Europe (bound to France
Trading), Britain Navy captured this ship in Atlantic and the
crew of ship (USA People) and they make them part of Britain
Army, analytical this is an insult of john jay treaty.
3. Insult of USA Neutrality.
4. Support of Red-Indians.
5. USA Severity was at state.
6. Coe rave Act by USA.
In this Act USA blocked all products of UK to sale in the USA.
7. CHESAPEACKE INCIDENT:
Chesapeake is a USA Army Frigate (Ship). When it was
travelled in Atlantic Ocean, they stopped by The Great Britain
Navy for searching purpose. According to International Law
any Army ship cannot check by any other country army during
travel, but Britain violence of law and start searching in ship,
they impressment 4 people of USA army in Britain Army. This
is known as Chesapeake Incident.
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8. 1810 – CONGRESS ELECTION:
In 1810, Congress election held in the USA, young blood won
in this congress election, they thinking about the all situation
create between the USA and UK. The two young man Henry
Clay and Calhoun think that it’s all situation create by UK, it is
an insult of the USA and for the reaction of this insult we must
do war against UK, due to their activities in 1812 war start
between the USA vs UK.
HOW 1812 – WAR START
In 1812, USA attack on Canada, because they were thinking UK
was busy against France in Napoleon War and UK cannot
attack on the USA, but UK attacked on the USA and entered
inside of the USA and burn Washington D.C and Washington
D.C convert in black due to burn, after this war they can do
white paint on it. After this paint its known as White House.
In this war the USA expand in Canada and UK expand in the
USA, during the war they realize that we both can’t won
against each other and they decided to end this war in 1814
through treaty and this treaty known as treaty of Ghent.
1814 - TREATY OF GHENT:
The Treaty of Ghent was the peace treaty that ended the War
of 1812 between the United States and Great Britain. Both
sides signed it on December 24, 1814, in the city
of Ghent, United Netherlands (now Belgium).
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ANALYSIS OF 1812 WAR
1812 war between the USA and UK, USA cannot win this war
they only survived in this war and due to survive them gain
benefits from this war because survival against word power
it’s too much hard and Britain was world power in this era.
Benefits taken from this war by USA are as follow.
 DOMESTIC:
 Fighting dues against one enemy create unity
between all states.
 They became more focused on internally issues
through unity.
 National consciousness developed for achieving
goals.
 National Cohesion.
 POLITICAL:
This war political benefits not only for the USA it’s for all
over the world.
 They introduced the Republican system, according
to USA Republican is best more than monarchy and
they proved practically through won first war
against world power Britain and in second time they
survived.
 Britain Monopoly destroyed from their.
 STRATEGIC:
 The USA emerged as a greater Power in world.
 Britain agree with them we cannot ignore USA
simply.
 ECONOMIC:
 They are commercially independence, they can
tread anywhere in the world easily.
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 They cannot focused on Britain affairs, they strong
their Domestic Development because they want
every one respect them.
 Due Domestic Development, Industrial Revolution
became in the USA.
 The USA Honesty and Prestige developed in the
front of world, they are not simple they are powerful
for defense.
1820 – MISSOURI COMPROMISE

As we know that, issues create between slaves and anti-slaves.

If in any states developed and their population almost 60,000
then they claimed for state in central, but when any state want
to register with central, issues create this state with slaves or
anti-slaves. Here the solution became that on same time two
states registered (slaves or anti-slaves) single state cannot be
registered with center.
Here Massachusetts has a large state, in this state one more
state developed known as Maine and they don’t want
together with Massachusetts. When Maine state population
complete 60,000 they have opportunity to make independent
state, but here no any state to register with this state.
 When Missouri State complete its population, they
registered Missouri state as a slave state and Maine State
as a free state to balance the division law. This is first
compromise from Missouri.
 36O 30 compromise, in this compromise they drawn a line
in the USA on 36O30 longitude and divided the USA
between North and South and from now when any state
registered from north side its known as Anti-Slave State
and which state want to add from south its known as
Slave State. Here only one exception became from
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Missouri because according to this Missouri in north side
and due to this it’s became as Anti-Slave state but they
add them as a slave state. This is second compromise
from Missouri.
In 1820s Spain too much weak in USA, due to this weakness, Latin
American start revolution and they make republic government in this
area.
1815 – CONGRESS OF VIENNA:
1. The congress of Vienna in 1815 between European states (UK,
France and Spain).
2. According to this congress, European countries deny
republican government and promote monarchy.
3. In this congress they decide to get back their colonies in South
American Continent.
This all decisions difficult for European countries due to USA because,
 The USA Republic.
 They have Emerging Power.
 USA don’t want to any involvement of European countries in
American Continent.
1823 – MONROE DOCTRAIN:
The president of the USA Monroe give doctrine in 1823, this doctrine
known as Monroe doctrine. This doctrine is based on same as
Washington Ideology. Washington ideology or foreign policy is too
neutral. This doctrine not only for the USA, it’s for the Complete
American Continent.
According to this doctrine,
 It’s not allowed to anyone to make any New European colonies in
the land of American Continent after this doctrine.
 Political System of American Continental is republicanism and its
totally different from European political system and European has
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no any authority to declare their political system in the land of
American Continental System.
 Americans cannot participate any European war fare and also
European also cannot participate any American War fare.
 This Doctrine follow till the end of 1945 (after second World War),
from this doctrine USA give concept as Pen-Americanism and they
control all states in under control.
BIG STICK POLICY:
In 1890’s when south states of American continent create disturbance
against this doctrine, the president Theodore Roosevelt give this policy,
according this policy they control on all American continental states.
1910’s – DOLLAR DIPLOMACY:
In 1910’s the new president William H. Taft became in the USA and they
introduce a new policy known as Dollar Diplomacy. According to this
policy they make colonies from Socially, Politically and environmentally
and this is known as NEO – Imperialism (make colonies by motherland
through support). They make this colonies with the help of following
thinks,
 Through given Aids to their NGO’s.
 They give loans to this states.
 They used political influence for this.
 Multi-National Companies (MNC)
 Inter Governors Organization.
Through Neo-Imperialism, the USA support to other countries and they
no make any colonies after this act except this states.
 Eretria (in Africa).
 Philippine (Asia).
 Guam (Asia).
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ERA OF THOMAS JEFFERSON (3rd PRESIDENT OF THE USA):
1. According to him, he was Anti-federalist but they took all steps as a
federalist.
2. He was against slavery (they have own 120 slaves).
3. He claimed to give rights to common man but in the era of Jefferson
common man was not voting rights, because in voting rights
property clause attempt, those person has property only allowed
for vote.
4. He claimed about common man, but in him cabinet and in congress
all Aristocrats.
ERA OF ENDREW JACKSON (7TH PRESIDENT OF THE USA):
 He was a poor man. His father was died before his born and he was
a common man.
 In 1812 war he fought in front line as a commander and here he get
popularity.
 Due to this popularity he became a 7th President of the USA in 1829
to 1837.
 In the era of him politics of common man start.
 He removed property clause from constitution.
 He start universal suffrage (authority to all people for voting)
except slaves, Red-Indians and women.
 Voting count in the era of Jackson increased from 37% to 57.6%.
 He start a Spoil system, in this system who support him in his
election campaign, he gives them federal post and also he gives
many jobs to poor people to move upward.
 He was a first to start kitchen cabinet and involve everyone in his
cabinet.
 He was scraped a national bank.
 He was maximum used of veto power, those bill legislature send to
him for approval, he was veto it because according him legislature
cannot take decisions for common man.
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 In past governments legislature was strong, but he was strong
executive.
 He was authorized common man for voting, due to this he was first
time start National Campaign to know common man issues.
 He was introduced party system. In this era following parties
developed.
 Republican.
 Anti – Masonic Party.
 Working Man Party.
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USA WEST WARD EXPENSION
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1. 1776 (USA):
 Revolution of USA in 1776.
 Britain recognized USA with Treaty of Paris 1783.
 In 1800 extension of USA in West side with 5.2 million.
2. 1803 LOUISIANA PURCHASE:
 The USA 3rd President Jefferson (anti-federalist) purchase
Louisiana from France in 1803 in $15 million for accommodate
population of the USA and for good relation between France
and the USA.
3. 1819 ADAM – ONIS TREATY (East & West Florida):
 After Louisiana Purchase, they were looking on Florida.
 Before 1820 Spain was too much weak, due to this Treat
between Adams and Onis known as Adams Onis Treaty.
 In this treaty Spain gives Florida to USA and USA gives
maximum hold to Spain in Texas.
 In 1821 too much critical situation for Spain and Mexico
independent with Spain and all area of Spain Under in Mexico.
4. 1845 TEXAS ANNEXATION:
 When Mexico take over in Texas, USA want to take back I from
Mexico, for this purpose they entered their person in Texas
slowly through trading.
 When population of citizens of USA increased in Texas, Mexico
scared about it and they cannot allowed any person entered
from USA in Texas.
 USA with the help of own citizens and with the help of Texas
people, make Texas as a separate state in 1836 and its known
as Lone Star Republic.
 USA cannot do any annexation in 9 years, because if USA
suddenly do this, Mexico blame to USA for separate state and
USA deny Mexico blames.
 Analytical if we seeing Texas new name is lone star and one
stare known is one state in USA flag.
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 The USA cannot annex Texas before 1945 because if they can
this, war start between Mexico and the USA and they don’t
want to do any war. The president of the USA Jackson focused
on internal development and the third issue is if this large
territory add in South USA, North cannot accept it due to
slavery or Anti-Slavery.
 After the presidential election in 1844 of the USA, James K.
Polk became a President of the USA in 1845 and on same year
he annexation with Texas and make it the state of the USA.
1846 – OREGON SETTELMENT:
 The Oregon territory issue between UK and USA.
 According to UK they explore Oregon due to this exposure
this territory for UK.
 According to the USA they send two people their Levis and
Clark and they give expedition about this territory and this
expedition known as “Levis and Clark Expedition” and first
time they found this territory, so this territory of the USA.
 According to the USA, the Oregon territory its too long and
its half in USA and half in Canada. Between Canada and the
USA border line was 49o in now days. But during this issue
USA said due to Oregon Territory border line between
Canada and the USA was 54O40”.
 During this situation 1844 election became and the
nominees of this election was James K. Polk and Henry
Clay.
 During campaign a man slogan a sentence,
“Hurry! For Polk and Annexation.
Down with Clay and Taxation”
According to this sentence Polk policy for Annexation of
different states and Henry Clay want to apply more taxes
on common man.
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 One more slogan became,
“Fifty Four Forty or War”
According to this slogan, they give us complete 54O40” or
war between USA and UK.
 Here UK know that they don’t able to fought 3rd war
against the USA and they decide to resolve this issue with
settlements.
 In this settlements, USA agreed on 49o Border and leave
54O40” border and they allow to UK for navigation in
Columbia River.
1848 – Mexican Cession:
 After the Annexation of Texas, the war start between
Mexico and the USA Between 1846 to 1848.
 In this war Mexico loose Texas from the USA as well as the
USA also win Mexican Cession in 1848.
 After this they do a treaty known as “Treaty of Guadalupe
hidalgo” and in this treaty they make good relation with
Mexico through paid the money for loses in war of Mexico
and they paid $15 million but according to them the border
between Mexico and the USA define by RIO GRAND RIVER.
1867 - ALASKA PURCHASE:
 Russia fought a war in their country, due to this war Russia
stability is too loose.
 Alaska was too far for Russia, due to this they give offer to the
USA for purchasing Alaska from Russia.
 The minister of the USA William Seward said and forced to
purchase Alaska because Alaska full of with Natural Resources.
 The USA purchased Alaska from Russia in $7.2 million (2 cent /
Acre) and this deal more beneficial for the USA as compare to
Louisiana.
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1898 – Huawei Annexation:
 They think that one more unit or state was in Pacific.
 For this purpose they do same procedure like Texas for Huawei.
 They add people of the USA in Huawei and they finished the
government of Queen Dethrone.
 After this the Annex Huawei in 1898.

The USA Westward Expansion is the Story of Purchases , Annexation,

Cession and Sattelment.