Guidebook 2023 For CAPF Paper 2 Updated

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INDEX
Sr. No. TOPICS PAGE
NO.
1 CAPF PAPER 2 syllabus 3
2 ESSAY- Strategy and PYQ 4
3 ARGUMENTS - Strategy and PYQ 13
4 REPORT WRITING - Strategy and PYQ 15
5 PRECISE - Strategy 18
6 COMPREHENSION - Strategy 20
7 GRAMMAR - Strategy and PYQ 21

1) UPSC CAPF AC PAPER 2 SYLLABUS
Paper II : General Studies, Essay and Comprehension (200 Marks)
Part‐A
Essay questions which are to be answered in long narrative form either in Hindi or English
totaling 80 Marks. The indicative topics are modern Indian history especially of the freedom
struggle, geography, polity and economy, knowledge of security and human rights issues,
and analytical ability.
Part‐B
Comprehension, précis writing, other communications/language skills – to be attempted in

English only (Marks 120) – The topics are Comprehension passages, précis writing, developing
counter arguments, simple grammar and other aspects of language testing.
GENERAL INSTRUCTION & GUIDELINE FOR PAPER 2
 In this paper candidates will be allowed the option of writing the Essay Component
in English or Hindi.
 But the medium of Precise Writing, Comprehension Components and other

communications/ language skills will be English only.
 NOTE‐I : Candidates should ensure that in Paper II they write the answers only in
the medium allowed by the Commission for the different Components as mentioned
above.
 NOTE‐II: There will be minimum qualifying marks separately in each Paper as

may be fixed by the Commission in their discretion.( Based on the analysis of
previous years UPSC CAPF cut off, candidates belonging to General, OBC, SC and
ST category must secure a minimum of 25% i.e. 50 marks in Paper 2 )
 Paper-I will be evaluated first and evaluation of Paper-II will be done only of those
candidates who obtain the minimum qualifying marks in Paper-I.

2) ESSAY (4*20=80 marks)
PATTERN:
Write Essay on any 4 of following 6 topics in about 300 words each.
What UPSC demands in good ESSAY?
Essay must shows candidate’s grasp of his/her material, its relevance to the subject chosen
and to his/her ability to think constructively and to present his/her ideas concisely, logically
and effectively.
General guidelines to write effective essay
1. Write 240-270 Words essay provided you are maintaining the quality, this will help to manage
time limit.
2. Underline the important keywords and sentences.
3. Write a paragraph of 4-5 lines. i.e. short paragraph.
4. Make small, complete and meaningful sentences to avoid grammatical errors.
5. Composition of essay (rough structure)
1 line = 6 word,
1 paragraph = 5 lines = 30 words,
8 – 9 paragraphs = 270 words approx. so in paragraph format it is…
Total 8 -9 paragraphs
-1: paragraph for introduction,
-6: paragraph for main body,
-2: paragraph for conclusion.
6. Prepare rough framework of essay containing intro, body and conclusion.
*Note
First brainstorm the given topic and write down random points about topic. After that
arrange this point in sequence so that flow of essay will maintained.
INTRODUCTION (30 words)
A. Introduction should reflect that you have Understand the topic completely.
B. You can write introduction in different ways like...
1) Quotes that related to topic.
2) Current events/Context related to the topic.
3) Story writing
4) Case study
5) Fact and figure (data)
6) Meaning of terms of essay topic.
C. Write it in 1 paragraph I.e. 30 to 40 words max.
D. Must be crisps and clear.

BODY (150 to 180 words)
A.)Essay should be Multi dimensions –
 HORIZONTAL DIMENTIONS: E.g. historical, geographic, economy, polity, society,

environment, science and technology...
 VERTICAL DIMENSIONS = E.g. individual, family, society, community, state,

national and international aspect related to topic….
B.)Essay must have your own opinion and thought. Write evidence (data/examples/case study)
for your thoughts.
C) Essay must contain arguments, their reasons and explanations and current example.
D.) You Must stick to main topic of essay .don’t go out of the context of topic.
E.)Use conjunction or any connecting word to connect two paragraph such as Moreover,
whenever, unless, however, although, hence/henceforth, yet etc to Connect the ideas and points
maintain flow of thoughts in essay.
F.)Write Govt. schemes and programs, current news related to the topic.
G.) Contains positive and negative aspect of topics depending on titles of essay.
CONCLUSION (30 to 60 words)
1. Follow same tune, Words and ideology, you followed in introduction and body.
2. Use the words like “Finally", "In the end" to make it look more natural.
3. If possible conclude with suitable quotes.
4. Give your opinion , Suggestions and solution orientated approach.
6. Must be futuristic and positive in tone. E.g. link it with some futuristic topics that to be
achieved in future-
 SDG by 2030(its use for - almost all topics),

 New india by 2022 for topics like (poverty, cleanness, terrorism, corruptions, casteism
and communism),
 $5 trillion economy by 2025(economy issues),
 Paris agreement emission targets (environments).
 Preamble of constitution (political )

Analysis of CAPF (AC) Paper 2: General Studies,
Essay and Comprehension 2022.
Analysis and decoding of Essay Questions asked in CAPF (AC) 2022 Paper 2
A] Geography (Environment)
1. The campaign to save the endangered species.
Subtopic: Environment.
Nature of question: Current affairs based topics.
Guidance/Linkage: Such topics were in news due to rising threats to the endangered species.
B] Knowledge of security and Human right issues:

1. The emerging presence of women in the Indian Armed Forces.
Subtopic: Security
Nature of question: Current affairs based topics
Guidance/Linkage: (Covered in CAPF Paper 2 Test series (T2200) & YALGAAR: Daily
answer writing batch)
This issue was in news due to
1. Rajnath Singh to address Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) webinar on 'role of

women in Armed Forces'.
2. Women will be allowed to enter National Defence Academy,
3. Permanent commission for Women officers in Indian Army
2. The Indian Armed Forces are a combination of strategic thinking and timely action.
Subtopic: Security.
Nature of question: Static topic.

Guidance/Linkage: Similar ‘The Indian Armed Forces’ based topic was asked in CAPF 2020
Exam.
(PYQ: Securing India's international borders is a challenging exercise for the Indian armed
forces.(CAPF 2020))
(Similar topic based on The Indian Armed Forces’ Covered in YALGAAR: Daily answer
writing batch)
3. A synthesis of Eastern wisdom and Western science: a needed goal for humanity.
Subtopic:
Nature of question: Philosophical Static topics
Guidance/Linkage: Attempting such topics need writing practice of Philosophical essays and
basic understanding about the topic.
4. What can be done to stop wars?
Subtopic: International
Nature of question: Current Affairs based topic
Guidance/Linkage: It can be linked to current Russia-Ukraine crisis/war. (Similar topic based on Russia-
Ukraine crisis/war covered in YALGAAR: Daily answer writing batch)
C] Polity and Economy:

1. Price rise: causes and effects
Subtopic: Macroeconomic aspect like Inflation.
Guidance/Linkage: Retail inflation at 8-year high of 7.79% in April 2022, RBI says

1. Knowledge of security and Human right issues/Geography:

1. Infiltrators are a threat to India’s Security
Subtopic: Infiltration - Internal security threats.
Nature of question: Static Topic with current linkages.
Guidance/Linkage: Internal security is importance static topic for CAPF exam. Refer "Internal
security by Ashok Kumar" Book. This book covered internal security topics in detail.
2. Chinese economic policy in countries bordering India
Subtopic: Economic security and India’s geography.
Guidance/Linkage: This issue still in news due to-
1. The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor is a strategic play by China disguised as an economic

corridor.
2. Nepal has historically enjoyed close economic ties with India. But as with other countries in
India’s neighbourhood, Chinese investment is leading Nepal to tilt towards China.
3. China has replaced India as Sri Lanka’s biggest economic partner.
2. Polity and Economy:

1. Work From Home: A boon or a bane?
Subtopic: Changing dynamics of working.
Guidance/Linkage: Highlighted multiple times in news articles due to the Impact Pandemic and
Subsequent Lockdown.

2. Unemployment and the New Education Policy.
Subtopic: Employment and education.
Guidance/Linkage: Newly launched New Education Policy [NEP] 2020 focused more on
vocational education to lower down unemployment in India.
3. Urbanization is hazardous to human health.
Subtopic: Urbanization
Guidance/Linkage: WHO report on Urban health.
Major health problems resulting from urbanization include poor nutrition, pollution-related
health conditions and communicable diseases, poor sanitation and housing conditions, and
related health conditions.
3. Analytical ability:
1. Party politics in India is a flourishing family business.
Subtopic: Intra party democracy.
Nature of question: Logical and analytical question
Guidance/Linkage: Flourishing Non Democratic Party politics, dynastic politics in India.
Here you have to logically analyse given topic based on your Knowledge and general awareness.

1. Security Section:
1. Emerging threats to India's internal security
Subtopic: Internal security
Nature of question: Static Topic
Guidance/Linkage: Internal security is importance static topic for CAPF exam. Refer "Internal
security by Ashok Kumar" Book. This book covered internal security topic in detail.
2. Securing India's international borders is a challenging exercise for the Indian armed forces
Subtopic: International Border
Guidance/Linkage:
Rising border tension between India china, Pakistan I.e. Galvan valley issue.
This is also in news due to Cross Border terrorism & infiltration between India & Pakistan.
2. Women section:
1. Crime against women is an expression of male domination
Subtopic: Violence against women.
Guidance/Linkage: E.g. NCRB data: 7% rise in crimes against women. E.g. Rising Rape issue.
3. Media section:
1. Crisis of credibility in Indian electronic media
Subtopic: Paid Media.
Guidance/Linkage: TRP scam, paid news issue in regular news etc

4. Social section:
1. Parenting in a competitive Indian society is a challenge
Subtopic: Society
Nature of question: Static topic
Guidance/Linkage: This question is based on “General trends in Indian society”. Indian

society becoming competitive day by day. This competitiveness highlighted due to rising
competition for merit among students and all sphere of life.
2. Ensuring social justice is a human right
Subtopic: Social justice
Nature of question: Current Affairs based topics
Guidance/Linkage: Social justice topic includes justice for all vulnerable sections of society.
Issues related to such sections always in news as follows
1. SC/ST Section: The recent verdict of a two-judge Supreme Court Bench on reservations and
Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribes promotions.
2. LGBTQ Section: Law regarding same sex sexuality, Transgender rights like Voting rights.
3. Disable section: Issues related accessibility of basic facilities.
Note: Questions asked from society sections are broader in nature so this section demands
comprehensive reading and broader understanding of issues faced by Indian society.

(a) The earth is not for humans only.
(b) The impact of social media on social relationships
(c) Sustainable farming is the need of the hour than rhetorical promises
(d) The role of Indian Army in nation building
(e) Online gaming is dangerously attractive to youth.
(f)The complexity and unpredictability of Indian politics
Analysis and decoding of Essay Questions asked in CAPF (AC) 2018Paper 2

(a) Civil wrong emerging from religious bigotry, constitutionally punishable
(b) Farm waiver is populistic and myopic: strategy change needed
(c) From economic growth to well-being: a paradigm shift
(d) Reservation suppresses civil dynamism
(e) Non-performing parliament, unhealthy trend in Democracy
(f) Promoting innovative outlook in education

3) ARGUMENTS WRITING FOR CAPF (2*20=40 MARKS)
PATTERN:
2 Questions every year (no mention of words limit)
FORMAT
 Introduction
 For
 Against
 Conclusion
HOW TO APPROACH?
Introduction
 3 to 4 line introduction related to topic only.
For
 At least 5 points.
 You have to support the given statement.
 You can support given statement by giving its reasons, impacts & merits etc.
 Add different dimensions of topic like social, economical, political etc to support
given statements.
Against
 At least 5 points
 You have to oppose the given statement.
 You can oppose given statement by giving its reasons, impacts & merits etc.
 Add different dimensions of topic like social, economical, political etc to oppose
given statements.
Conclusion
 Provide balanced opinion about given statements.
 Don’t write any extreme statement.
GENERAL GUIDELINES
 Write in points or subheading format.

 Write short point rather than lengthy points.
 Write point that directly link to topic, Avoid vague writing,
 Don’t miss the context of question.
 Underline important keywords.
 Prepare this topic from daily newspaper (THE HINDU) and VISION IAS
magazine.

Argument Questions asked in CAPF (AC) 2022 Paper 2
Write arguments for and against each of the following statements: (20x2-40)
(a) Video games sharpen the mind.
(b) United Nations Organisation has become redundant.

(a) Elections in States should be held simultaneously.
(b) Farmer protests are politically motivated.

(a) Solitude during a pandemic is not unwelcome.
(b) Political awareness among the social elite is inconsequential.

(a) Digital technology may replace books with computers.
(b) Homework should be banned at primary level education.

(a) Privacy is an elitist idea.
(b) Note-ban, effective tool against black money.

4) REPORT WRITING (10*2=20)
PATTERN:
 Write 2 reports in about 200 words each.
HOW TO APPROACH REPORT WRITING?
 For some time assume yourself as a reporter/editor/correspondent of a newspaper.
 Be unbiased about writing these reports; don’t behave like representative of any political
party.
 What all you are knowing write but that should be in balanced way.
 Report always written in past tense only. Because event already happened so you are just
reporting.
 Don’t give your suggestion in report. • Don’t write in point format.
FORMAT OF REPORT WRITING
 Top left corner –On the top left corner of report write the
Correspondent/editor/Assistant editor/Special correspondent etc. (can also write name of
Correspondent in the form of ABC, in no case actual name)
 Below that write name of Newspaper, here simply write Sunday special or ABC news,
then write Place simply your city of exam and below that write date. • If you know about
any data, committee report any reference of a renowned persons quote that, don’t just
give your own judgment or opinion.
COMPOSITION OF REPORT:
 Write 3-4 paragraphs, however there is no certain fixed pattern.
 First paragraph - try to introduce the topic.
 Second paragraph- give the details of incident or any reference or quotation from any
famous personality.eg cause ,consequence, effects, reasons etc .
 Third paragraph – main steps/activities/actions taken
 last paragraph try to conclude that means sort of judgment. e.g. reaction or promises by
authorities/statement of people.

Report writing Questions asked in CAPF (AC) 2022 Paper 2
Write reports on the following in about 200 words each: (10x2=20)
(a) Evidences of fellow feeling during the COVID-19 pandemic
(b) Green energy progress in India
(a) Elections in States should be held simultaneously.
(b) Farmer protests are politically motivated.
(a) Solitude during a pandemic is not unwelcome.
(b) Political awareness among the social elite is inconsequential.

(a) The rising juvenile abuse
(b) Water scarcity and access to drinking water

(a) Data leak from Facebook
(b) Violence on University campuses during Student elections.

[Report writing format]
Title/Heading
Special correspondent/abc
Sunday special
New Delhi
22 June 2022
11.00 AM
First Paragraph [Introduce topic]
Second Paragraph [Details of topic]
Third Paragraph [Steps/action taken]
Fourth paragraph [Concluding line]

5) PRECISE WRITING
Guidelines for precise writing
 Word limit 1/3rd total words in passage.

 Do not suggest title.
 Write precise in your own words.
 Precise must be written only in the precise format given.
Format of précis writing
 Do not write in point format.

 Write in the same tense.
 Do not change the Para.
 Write total words in the end of precise in given box.
 Use important concept, key words and important data from original passage.
Rules of précis writing
 Never use I and you.

 Do not write your suggestions /opinion.
 Write Punctuations (, ; : ‘ ) in the same box with word.
 Write Article, Conjunctions and Preposition in single box. E.g. the, a, an, and etc.
 Write Hyphenated words in same box e.g. indo-pak.
 Do not copy flowery language of passage.
A Good Precise
 Start your précis by highlighting the main idea of the passage and you should create
contextual environment where you can place the necessary points. Once the main idea
is established in the précis, you can present the methods, points, facts etc. used by the
author of the passage.
 Is marked by clarity (of content and language),conciseness and precision.
 Is not just lifting of the sentences from the original. It should be written in the precise
writer’s own words.
 Is a miniature version of the original passage.
 Must have a logical order (sequence and organized) and be well-knit and well
connected.
 Must have coherence; must use linking devices such as so, therefore, and, because
further etc. to maintain flow.
 Must follow the core idea / Order of ideas of the original passage.
 Must not contain any details that not found in the original.

6) COMPREHENSION (20 MARKS)
PATTERN
5 Questions = each carry 4 marks
GENERAL STRATEGY
 Read passage carefully & underline important keywords while reading.
 Read questions carefully and identify keywords & find demand of questions and
directly jump to the section in the passage where the topic has been explained.
 Write the answer according to the passage in your own words. (Don't copy paste the
passage as it is)
 Don't apply your own extra knowledge, Answer the question completely from the
passage itself.
 Write complete sentences for even short type of questions.
 Write 4–5 lines for each questions however focus should be to meet demand of
questions.
 It’s very easy part of paper 2, you just need to meet demand of questions according
to passage.
 E.g. QUE- what are the impacts of climate change?
 ANS- ___________________ are the impacts of climate change.

7) GRAMMAR SECTION
CAPF PREVIOUS YEARS GRAMMAR ANALYSIS (2015 – 2021)

A] SYLLABUS - Simple grammar
Sr. No. Priority Hot grammar topics No. of Questions
1. Change the voice 12

2. Preposition 11
3. Change to indirect speech/direct speech 10
4. Use the correct verb form 08
5. Change to simple/compound/complex sentence 07
6. Rewrite using "No sooner / as soon as/neither ...nor. 06
7. Question tag 05
8. Write the correct pronoun 05
9. Affirmative/Negative sentences 04
10. Use article 02
11. Change to comparative degree 02
12. Miscellaneous 10
B] SYLLABUS- Other aspects of language testing (USE WORDS /PHRASES, CORRECT

SENTENCE & PLURAL FORM)
ASr. No. Priority Hot grammar topics No. of Questions
1. Correct the following sentences without making any 37

unnecessary changes.
2. Use the following words and phrases in sentences of your 30

own so as to bring out their meaning clearly. Do not change
the form of the word
3. Give the plural form of the following words and make 10

sentences using the plural form

APPROACH FOR GRAMMAR QUESTIONS
GENERAL OBERVATIONS& SUGGESTIONS IN CAPF GRAMMAR TOPIC
Every year 25 marks Questions asked by UPSC on grammar sections.
 Prioritise grammar study based of trend & pattern of CAPF EXAM e.g.
prepare those topics that were asked by UPSC every years on regular
basis.(See INDEX-1)
 Prepare first 10 topics given in index-1 on priority basis & remaining topics
after that.
 Nature of grammar questions are simple i.e. school level difficulties hence
prepare these topics from standard English grammar books like SP bakshi/
wren & martin or pal & suri.
 Improve your vocabulary and grammar with newspaper reading, which also
helps in the current affairs.
 Make short notes for phrases/vocabulary (collect from newspapers).
 Make short notes of rules/formulas/short tricks of grammar topics like
tenses, change the voice, indirect speech, prepositions, articles, verbs etc
 More important thing after making short notes is to practice more & more
by solving topic wise grammar examples/questions.
 Don’t neglect grammar part (If you prepare this on priority basis, then you
can fetch good marks with high cost benefit ratio )

A] SYLLABUS - Simple grammar
1] Change the voice
1) Let the government punish the wrong doers. (Change the voice) (2022)
Answer – Let the wrong doers be punished by the government.
2) The flowers Rana gave to Meena have withered. (Change to passive voice) (2021)
Answer: Meena was given the flower that have withered by Rana.
3) You are requested not to pluck the flowers. (Change to active voice) (2021)
Answer: Please, do not pluck the flowers.
4) My neighbour takes care of my dog in my absence. ( Transform the sentence into the
passive form ) (2020)
Answer: My dog is taken care of in my absence by my neighbor.
5) The foundation stone of this auditorium was laid by the Chief Minister. ( Transform the
sentence into the active form) (2020)
Answer: The Chief Minister laid the foundation stone of this auditorium.
6) The police were taking him to prison. (2019)

Ans – He was being taken to prison by police.
7) You must complete the work by the end of this week. (2018)
Ans – The work must be completed by the end of this week by you.
8) They have completed the work. (2017)

Ans – The work has been completed by them.
9) The method of living happily must be known to you. (2017)

And – You must know the method of living happily.
10) Such rumours are commonly heard these days. (Change to active form) (2016)
Ans – We commonly hear such rumours these days.
11) We fashioned these artefacts out of waste material. (Change into passive form) (2016)
Ans – These artifacts were fashioned out of waste material.
12) People say the bridge is unsafe. (2015)

Ans – It is said the bridge is unsafe.

2] Write suitable preposition
1) A law-abiding citizen is one who abides _ the laws of the land. (Supply the appropriate
preposition) (2022)
Answer - A law-abiding citizen is one who abides by the laws of the land.
2) The godown is infested …….mice. (Fill in the blank using a preposition) (2021)
Answer: The godown is infested with mice.
3) The inaugural ceremony of the Commonwealth Games was held -------the Jawaharlal
Nehru Stadium. (2020).
Answer: The inaugural ceremony of the Commonwealth Games was held in the
Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium.
4) He hanged himself............ a piece of cloth. (2019)

Ans - He hanged himself with a piece of cloth.
5) The writer is evidently enamoured ...........................the subject. (2018)

Ans - The writer is evidently enamoured with the subject.
6) He often gets............... trouble because of his carelessness. (2017)

Ans - He often gets in trouble because of his carelessness.
7) The post office will compensate us ...........the loss. (2015)

Ans - The post office will compensate us for the loss.
8) The scene ........................ of us is magnificent, isn’t it? (2015)

Ans - The scene in front of us is magnificent, isn’t it?
9) It is against my nature to pick a quarrel ................anyone. (2015)

Ans - It is against my nature to pick a quarrel with anyone.
10) I can't climb ..................that high roof. (2015)

Ans - I can't climb up that high roof.
11) I haven't seen a movie ..............the end of February. (2015)

Ans - I haven't seen a movie since the end of February.

3] Change to indirect speech/direct speech
1) The policeman said to the man, "You are a trespasser and will be punished." (Rewrite the
sentence using indirect speech) (2022)
Answer – The policeman told the man that he was a trespasser and would be punished.
2) Laavanya said to Pallavi," Did Priyanka have lunch with Shilpy?" (Change to indirect
speech) (2021)
Answer: Laavanya asked Pallavi if Priyanka had lunch with Shilpy.
3) The police spokesperson requested the media persons to allow him to complete his
statement. (Rewrite the sentence using the direct speech form). (2020)
Answer: The police spokesperson said to the media persons, “please allow me to
complete my statement,”
4) He said, "We all are sinners." (2019) (change to indirect speech)

Ans – He said that we all are sinners. (Universal truth type question)
5) The teacher said to me, "Are you not ashamed of telling a lie.(change to indirect speech)
(2018)
Ans –The teacher asked me if I was not ashamed of telling a lie.
6) My teacher said to me, "You should learn to live your life meaningfully and beautifully."
(2017) (change to indirect speech)
Ans – My teacher advised me to learn to live my life meaningfully and beautifully.
7) My mother advised me that I should give respect to elders. (Change into direct speech)
(2017)
Ans – My mother said, ”you should give respects to elders”.
8) He says, "I'm not coming to the function." (change to indirect speech) (2016)
Ans – He says that he is not coming to the function.
9) The children said, "We went to the zoo this morning." (change to indirect speech) (2015)
Ans – The children said that they had gone to the zoo that morning.
10) She said that they would have a party that night. (Change into direct speech) (2015)
Ans – She said,”We will have a party this night”.

4] Use the correct verb form
1) A great poet and essayist …….in this house. (Fill in the blank using the correct form of
'live') (2021)
Answer: A great poet and essayist lives in this house.
2) If the police had reached the crime scene on time, the victim (Fill in the blank space with
the appropriate form of the verb 'save'). (2020)
Answer: If the police had reached the crime scene on time, the victim would have been
saved.
3) Neither the driver nor the passengers of the bus …….injured in the accident. (Fill in the
blank space with the appropriate form of the verb 'be'). (2020)
Answer: Neither the driver nor the passengers of the bus were injured in the accident.
4) Gold and silver.............precious metals. (2019)

Ans - Gold and silver are precious metals.
5) If I.........................the Principal of the college, I would allow no indiscipline. (Use form

of ‘be’) (2018)
Ans - If I were the Principal of the college, I would allow no indiscipline.
6) I................living in this town since 2007. (use auxiliary verb) (2017)

Ans - I have been living in this town since 2007.
7) No.....................no gains. (use proverb) (2016)

Ans – No pain, no gains.
8) None of these books ............................in circulation today.(use form of 'be') (2016)
Ans - None of these books is in circulation today.
5] Change to simple/ Compound/ Complex sentence.
1) I met a woman. Her purse was snatched by someone. (Combine these simple sentences
into a complex sentence) (2022)
Answer - I met a woman whose purse was snatched by someone.
1) Give your statement to the police. It will enable them to arrest the culprit. ( Write one
simple sentence by combining the two sentences ) (2020)

Answer: By giving the statement to the police, you will enable them to arrest the culprit.
2) He sings only in the bathroom. ( Change this simple sentence into a complex sentence )
(2020)
Answer: The bathroom is the only place where he sings.
3) I have nothing that I can offer. (2019)

Ans – I have nothing to offer.
4) The minister was annoyed that he had not carried out his orders. (2018)
Ans – The minister was annoyed at him for not carrying out the orders.
5) People respect him because he is an exemplary leader. (2017)

Ans – He being an exemplary leader, people respect him.
6) Although there is inflation, the standard of living has gone up.(2015)

Ans – Despite inflation, the standard of living has gone up.
7) Notwithstanding his hard work, he did not succeed. (Change into compound sentence)
(2015)
Ans – He worked hard but he did not succeed.
6] Rewrite using "No sooner / as soon as/neither ...nor./Not only but also
1) The meeting started the moment the minister arrived. (Use 'as soon as') (2022)
Answer – As soon as the minister arrived, the meeting started.
1) The cushions do not match the couch. The curtains also do not match the couch.
(Combine the sentences using 'neither ... nor') (2021)
Answer: Neither the curtains nor the cushions match the couch.
2) Anil plays football in the evenings. He goes for swimming in the mornings. (Combine the
sentences using 'not only ... but also') (2021)
Answer: Anil not only plays football in the evening but he also goes for swimming in the
morning.
3) As soon as he came, he made objections. (2018)

Ans – No sooner did he come than he made objections.
4) No sooner did the sun rise than the rain stopped. (Rewrite using 'as soon as') (2015)

Ans – As soon as the sun rose, the rain stopped.
5) The man would not agree to my suggestion. He would not leave me in peace. (Make into
a single sentence using 'neither ... nor') (2015)
Ans –The man would neither agree to my suggestion nor leave me in peace.
7] Question tag
1) You aren’t going out, ____? (2022)

Answer - You aren’t going out, are you?
2) They will be arriving soon, ................?(2019)

Ans- They will be arriving soon, won’t they?
3) Few students knew the answer, ...............?(2018)

Ans- Few students knew the answer, didn’t they?
4) Educated and empowered women contribute richly for the development of our
nation,.............? (2017)
Ans - Educated and empowered women contribute richly for the development of our
nation, don’t they?
5) They know you.........? (2016)

Ans – They know you, don’t they?
8] Write the correct pronoun
1) He does his work _____ without depending on others. (Fill in the blank space with an
appropriate reflexive pronoun) (2022)
Answer – He does his work himself.
1) You never think of (Fill in the blank using a reflexive pronoun) (2021)
Answer: You never think of yourself.
2) We need to take care of ( Fill in the blank space with an appropriate reflexive pronoun )
(2020)
Answer: We need to take care ourselves.
3) Please excuse..............being late. (2019)

Ans - Please excuse my being late.

4) We seldom see......................... as others see us. (use reflexive pronoun) (2018)
Ans - We seldom see ourselves as others see us.
9] Affirmative/Negative sentences
1) He always remembers his well-wishers. (Change into a negative sentence without

changing the meaning) (2022)
Answer – He never forgets his well wishers.
2) Can your mother not go in the other car? (Change to affirmative) (2021)
Answer: Your mother can go in the other car.
3) He is greater than I. (Change to a negative sentence using 'great' (2019)
Answer-I am not as great as he.
4) He was more sly than a fox. (Change from affirmative to negative) (2015)
Ans – A fox was not as sly as he.
10] Use correct article
1) I decided to buy……the…. few paintings that were left unsold in the exhibition.(2020)
Answer: I decided to buy few paintings that were left unsold in the exhibition.
2) .....................university stands for humanism, tolerance, progress, etc. (2017)

Ans - A university stands for humanism, tolerance, progress, etc
11] Change to comparative degree without changing the meaning
1) Abdul is as strong as his brother. (2019)

Ans- His brother is not stronger than abdul.
2) Shakuntalam is understood to be the best drama in Sanskrit. (2018)

Ans – Shakuntalam is understood to be better than any other drama in Sanskrit.

12] Miscellaneous
1) He drove too fast for the police to catch him. (Remove ‘too’) (2022)
Answer - He drove so fast that the police could not catch him
2) The book may be in the bag. It may be in the cupboard. (Join the two sentences using
‘either ... or’) (2022)
Answer - The book may be either in the bag or in the cupboard.
3) ……….she was talking on the phone; her purse fell from her hand. (Fill in the blank
using the appropriate word—Because/While) (2021)
Answer: While she was talking on the phone; her purse fell from her hand.
4) Sitting on the tree, a bee stung him. (Begin the sentence with: While he ...)( 2019)
Ans - While he was Sitting on the tree, a bee stung him.
5) The paper was very easy. He could score high marks. (Combine the sentences using
"enough") (2018)
Ans – The paper was easy enough to score high marks.
6) e problem was so complicated that I could not solve it.(Rewrite the sentence using
"too") (2017)
Ans – The problem was too complicated for me to solve.
7) Neither she nor her husband was present for the ceremony. (Change into interrogative
sentence) (2016)
Ans – Was she or her husband present for the ceremony?
8) They come to the park regularly. (Change to past tense to project it as a routine past
activity) (2016)
Ans – They used to come to the park regularly.
9) Arch-enemy' means one's old enemy/worst enemy. (Strike out the wrong option) (2016)
Ans –‘ Arch – enemy’ means one’s old enemy.
10) The tutor has come. He will teach my son. (Combine the two sentences using to')
(2015)
Ans – The tutor has come to teach my son.

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OneClass.

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2 ESSAY- Strategy and PYQ 4

3 ARGUMENTS - Strategy and PYQ 13

4 REPORT WRITING - Strategy and PYQ 15

7 GRAMMAR - Strategy and PYQ 21

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Comprehension, précis writing, other communications/language skills – to be attempted in

GENERAL INSTRUCTION & GUIDELINE FOR PAPER 2

 But the medium of Precise Writing, Comprehension Components and other

 NOTE‐II: There will be minimum qualifying marks separately in each Paper as

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What UPSC demands in good ESSAY?

General guidelines to write effective essay

INTRODUCTION (30 words)

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A.)Essay should be Multi dimensions –

 HORIZONTAL DIMENTIONS: E.g. historical, geographic, economy, polity, society,

 VERTICAL DIMENSIONS = E.g. individual, family, society, community, state,

CONCLUSION (30 to 60 words)

3. If possible conclude with suitable quotes.

4. Give your opinion , Suggestions and solution orientated approach.

 SDG by 2030(its use for - almost all topics),

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Nature of question: Current affairs based topics.

B] Knowledge of security and Human right issues:

Nature of question: Current affairs based topics

This issue was in news due to

1. Rajnath Singh to address Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) webinar on 'role of

2. Women will be allowed to enter National Defence Academy,

3. Permanent commission for Women officers in Indian Army

Nature of question: Static topic.

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Nature of question: Philosophical Static topics

4. What can be done to stop wars?

Nature of question: Current Affairs based topic

C] Polity and Economy:

Subtopic: Macroeconomic aspect like Inflation.

Nature of question: Current Affairs based topic

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1. Knowledge of security and Human right issues/Geography:

Subtopic: Infiltration - Internal security threats.

Nature of question: Static Topic with current linkages.

2. Chinese economic policy in countries bordering India

Subtopic: Economic security and India’s geography.

Nature of question: Current affairs based topics

Guidance/Linkage: This issue still in news due to-

1. The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor is a strategic play by China disguised as an economic

3. China has replaced India as Sri Lanka’s biggest economic partner.

2. Polity and Economy:

Subtopic: Changing dynamics of working.

Nature of question: Current Affairs based topic

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Subtopic: Employment and education.

Nature of question: Current Affairs based topic

3. Urbanization is hazardous to human health.

Nature of question: Current Affairs based topic

Guidance/Linkage: WHO report on Urban health.