BURTON’S

LEGAL
THESAURUS
Thirty-fifth Anniversary/Fifth Edition

William C. Burton, Esq.

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 EDITORIAL
S TA F F

Thirty-fifth Anniversary/Fifth Edition

by
William C. Burton, Esq.
Author

Brian Burton, Esq.

Editor

Carina Finn
Assistant Editor

Executive Assistant
Jenise Hayes
Assistants
Vanita Vishnubhakat
Harold L. Harris

FIRST EDITION
Stephen C. DeCosta
Editor
Michal Hoschander Malen
Associate Editor

EDITORIAL BOARD
Legal Editorial Consultant
Joan Gudesblatt

Editorial Consultants
Barbara Wiberg Alverson Arlene Rogat

Editorial Assistant
Yvonne Antokas Montesantos

Compilation Editors
Dorit King Ethel Jane Osterman Camille Capobianco Taranto

Assistants
Karen Dritto Ronald M. Malen Michele M. Mandelbaum
 WILLIAM C. BURTON, Esq., is an attorney and a partner in the law
firm of Sagat|Burton LLP. He is a former New York State Assistant
Attorney General and a former New York State Assistant Special
Prosecutor. As a writer, he compiled this book, which became the first
legal thesaurus ever written for the legal profession. When the book
was released, it was recognized as “One of the Most Innovative and
Creative Projects of the Year” by the Association of American
Publishers. Two decades later, he established The Burton Awards
program, which rewards the finest achievements in law, including
legal writing. The program is run in association with the Library of
Congress. In 2011, Mr. Burton was presented the highest honor given
by the second-largest association of law professors in America, The
Legal Writing Institute. At that time, he was recognized for
“significantly advancing the cause of legal writing in the profession of
law.” More recently, he was awarded the Blackstone Award by the
Friends of the Law Library of Congress for “embodying and promoting
the best ideals of the institution.”
 CONTENTS

The First and Most Comprehensive Legal Thesaurus of Its Kind

Foreword by U.S. Supreme Court Justice William O. Douglas . . . . . . vii

Introduction by the author, William C. Burton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix

Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi

About the Book. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii

Main Entries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Comprehensive Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 657

v
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 FOREWORD

In the legal community absolute understanding is the measure of perfec-

tion. Perfection in the realm of the courts is the just resolution of issues of
fact and questions of law. The primary tool for resolving conflicts among
civilized people is through communication by written and oral language.
The root of all language is the individual word.
In the English language, each word may have several meanings.
Often, it is the use of a specific word or term upon which a case or contro-
versy may hinge. Only by using precise language can the waters remain
clear and unmuddied allowing justice to take its course unfettered by those
who would mislead or misrepresent.
It is through the use of such a tool as the Legal Thesaurus that one
may find the precise term to fit the nuances of a particular situation. It may
be too much to expect such a tool to eradicate the confusion between
“scienter” and “malice.” The difference between “no law” and “no unreason-
able law” may also be beyond its scope. But it should clearly demonstrate
that “all deliberate speed” is not synonymous with “as slowly as feasible.”

WILLIAM O. DOUGLAS
Justice, U.S. Supreme Court
OCTOBER 22, 1979 1939–1975

Editor’s Note: Justice Douglas served for over 36 years on the Supreme
Court, which is the longest term in the history of the U.S. Supreme Court.
This foreword is now recorded as one of his last writings.

vii
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 INTRODUCTION

Before the publication of this book, lawyers and legal writers did not have
their own thesaurus to assist them as they wrote their memoranda, motions,
pleadings, articles, and communications. This book was compiled specifi-
cally to address that need and to provide lawyers and legal journalists with
a reference tool to find all the words to fit a thought. Through its use, the
goal is to reduce ambiguities and redundancies, replacing them with clear,
concise, and plain language.
The fifth edition adds many new and contemporary words that aug-
ment the previous versions of the book. It also includes many words and
expressions that lawyers use frequently as they practice their profession. It
even includes concepts that are examined by the highest appellate courts
in the nation.
For members of the judiciary, clear and precise language is indis-
pensable. Every written word is subject to the closest scrutiny and interpre-
tation. Oftentimes, a decision can turn on the meaning of a single word. The
words contained in cases often become precedence to shape the future.
To members of the bar, persuasive language is also extremely
important. Clearly drafted arguments can be convincing and sway the out-
come of pending litigation.
To students of the law, precise and accurate writing is similarly
critical to convey their understanding of the law.
The concept of a legal thesaurus was born out of necessity. It had
its beginning in 1974, when I was writing a memorandum of law and
needed to find the precise words in a particular context. I repeatedly
searched for a legal thesaurus in the stores. Finally, my mother said, “If you
can’t find a legal thesaurus write one yourself !” Five years later, under my
direction, a staff of twelve lawyers, librarians, and trained professionals fin-
ished the book and fulfilled the need that had been foreseen.

ix
 Since the original compilation of the book thirty-five years ago,
thousands of entries have been added. In each case, the broadest array of
words is provided to fit the thought to be conveyed. In addition to syn-
onyms, the entries include related words. All expressions and colloquial-
isms that are archaic and stilted have been omitted as synonyms. The words
provided are broader than just synonyms. The words provided are often
related in meaning and present a complete gamut of words the writer could
be searching to find in the drafting process. A legal dictionary should be
consulted to determine precise meanings, nuances, and variations in con-
temporary usage. Only when the true meaning of each word is understood
can the appropriate synonym be selected.
At the outset, three criteria were used to select the main entries
included in this book: (1) words that are strictly legal, (2) words that are not
strictly legal but are commonly used in the legal profession, and (3) words
that are not legal or widely used by lawyers but are sufficiently sophisti-
cated to warrant their use. A fourth category has been added to include
words that are regularly used by lawyers.
In selecting main headings, words with multiple parts of speech
were evaluated. In each case, the noun, adjective, verb, or adverb form
included is most commonly used by attorneys.
Whenever a main heading has more than one usage, it is divided
into separate subheadings. For convenience, these subheadings are
arranged alphabetically.
Under each main entry, the book also provides an alphabetical list-
ing of associated legal concepts. In this way, writers can find complete legal
concepts when only a particular word comes to mind.
Foreign phrases used in the practice of law are also included under
each main heading. Most reference books list foreign phrases alphabetically
under the first letter of the foreign word. This book, however, lists foreign
phrases under their pivotal English concepts.
To assist the user in locating synonyms, in addition to the alpha-
betical arrangement of main entries of the principal words and phrases used
in law, a full index includes all words, whether commonly or less frequently
used in law.
Through this book I hope that legal writing is enhanced. It is a
means to precision. It is a tool that can lead to perfection.

William C. Burton, Esq.

Author

x
 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I dedicate this thirty-fifth anniversary edition of my book in honor of my

lovely and elegant wife, Michele, and my two delightful children, Brian,
who is a member of the bar, and Marni, who I am also very proud of in
every way. I am so very lucky they are my family.
I gratefully acknowledge, with profound gratitude and affection,
the assistance and motivation given by my loving parents, Martin and Ellen
Burton. I am forever indebted to them in providing me with the educational
background and resources to undertake the initial compilation of this book.
I was inspired by my father’s writings and encouraged by my loving and
motivating mother.
A special thank-you:

To Donya Dickerson, Executive Editor, McGraw-Hill Education, for

her expertise, support, and invaluable input.

To Casie Vogel, Associate Editor, McGraw-Hill Education, for her

technical and upbeat assistance.

xi
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 ABOUT THE BOOK
Here are samples of the comprehensive, easy-to-use listings. All “synonyms” include
the broadest range of words the writer may be seeking. Compared with the main
heading, these words are sometimes more general or narrower in scope.

xiii
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 MAIN ENTRIES

A
A FORTIORI, adverb above all, accordingly, all the run away, secede from, set off, slip away from, take leave,
more, by a stronger reason, by inference, certainly, chiefly, take one’s departure, take one’s leave, turn one’s back on
consequently, ergo, especially, even more, for a certainty, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: abandoned husband, abandoned land,
for a still stronger reason, in chief, in the main, mainly, over abandoned property, abandoned wife, desertion
and above, paramountly, particularly, primarily, thus, with
the greater force ABANDON (Relinquish), verb abjure, abstain, aposta-
size, cast aside, cast away, cast off, cease, cede, concede,
A PRIORI, adverb accordingly, as a consequence, as a demit, desert, desist, discard, discontinue, dispense with,
result of, as is, because of this, by reason of, consequently, dispose of, dispossess oneself of, disuse, divest oneself of,
deducibly, deductively, derivatively, doubtlessly, ergo, ex con- drop, forbear, forgo, forsake, forswear, give away, give
cesso, for that reason, for this reason, for which reason, from a over, give up, give up claim to, go back on, jettison, lay
general law to a particular instance, from cause to effect, from aside, part with, put aside, quit, render up, renounce, re-
that cause, from this cause, in consequence, inferentially, nec- pudiate, resign, sacrifice, set aside, surrender, tergiversate,
essarily, on account of this, on that account, on that ground, throw away, throw off, turn away, yield
proceeding from antecedent to consequent, thusly, to that end ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: abandon a claim, abandon a crime,
renunciate a claim, surrender property
A SAVOIR, adverb below, details now to be provided,
the following, hence, hereunder, hereupon, namely, next, ABANDON (Withdraw), verb ab re desistere, abdicate,
now to be accounted for, now to be announced, now to be back down, back off, back out, forsake, omittere, pull out,
described, now to be enunciated, now to be itemized, now quit, rem relinquere, renege, retire, retract, retreat, stand
to be listed, now to be mentioned, now to be narrated, aside, tender one’s resignation, vacate office
now to be presented, now to be read, now to be recited,
now to be recounted, now to be reported, now to be set ABANDONED, adjective castaway, castoff, derelict,
forth, now to be stated, now to follow, subsequently set deserted, discontinued, disregarded, disused, forsaken,
down, the succeeding, that is, that is to say, to wit, videlicet ignored, neglected, obsolete, occupantless, out of use,
slighted, tenantless, unattended to, uncared for, uninhab-
AB INITIO, adverb ab origine, ab ovo, as a start, at first, ited, unoccupied, unpopulated, untenanted
at the beginning, at the start, chiefly, first, first and fore- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: abandoned claims, abandoned evi-
most, first of all, firstly, for a beginning, from its birth, from dence, abandoned husband or wife, abandoned leasehold,
the beginning, in its infancy, in the beginning, in the first abandoned property, abandonment of pleadings
place, initially, mainly, originally, primarily, principally
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: ab initio, void ABANDONMENT (Desertion), noun abrogation, apos-
tasy, cession, decampment, defection, demission, depar-
ABALIENATE, verb assign, bequeath, convey, demise, ture, dereliction, disaffection, disavowal, evacuation, flight,
grant, hand down, hand over, pass on, transfer, transfer by hasty departure, relinquishment, repudiation, retirement,
deed, transfer by will vacating, withdrawal
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: abandonment of a child, abandonment of
ABALIENATION, noun alienation, assignation, assign- a husband, abandonment of a property, abandonment of a
ment, conferment, consignment, conveyance, deeding, wife, abandonment of land, dissolution of marriage, Enoch
deliverance, delivery, grant of conveyance, transfer, the Arden laws
transfer of title, transmission FOREIGN PHRASES: Occupantis fiunt derelicta. Things aban-
doned become the property of the first who is the occupant.
ABANDON (Physically leave), verb abscond, absent
oneself, back out, be gone, be off, cast off, decamp, defect, ABANDONMENT (Discontinuance), noun abdication,
depart from, desert, destituere, disappear, emigrate, evacu- abrogation, cessation, derelictio, desistance, discontinua-
ate, forsake, hominem deserere, leave behind, leave in the tion, disjunction, disruption, relinquishment, surrender,
lurch, make one’s exit, move off, quit, remove from, retreat, suspension, withdrawal

1
 ABANDONMENT

ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: abandonment of a crime, abandonment ravish, shanghai, spirit away, subjugate, take away, take by
of a pleading, abandonment of an easement, abandonment of force, take surreptitiously
assets in bankruptcy, abandonment of proscriptive rights ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: kidnapping
FOREIGN PHRASES: A piratis aut latronibus capti liberi
ABANDONMENT (Repudiation), noun abnegation, can- permanent. Persons taken by pirates or robbers remain
cellation, declination, denial, disapprobation, disapproval, free.
disavowal, dismissal, disownment, rejection, renounce-
ment, renunciation, reprobation, rescission ABDUCTION, noun child-stealing, impressment, kid-
napping, overmastering, raptus, ravishment, shanghaiing,
ABANDONMENT OF A TRADEMARK, noun abjuration, spiriting away, subjugation, taking away
disownment, disuse, divestiture, divestment, forfeiture,
relinquishment, resignation, surrender ABEREMURDER, noun assassination, carnage, dealing
death, decimation, destruction of life, elimination, extermi-
ABASE, verb abuse, adulterate, belittle, bring down, nation, extinction, homicide, killing, killing with malice
brutalize, calumniate, debase, de-civilize, defame, deform, aforethought, liquidation, massacre, slaughter, slaying, tak-
degrade, demean, demote, derogate, diminish, discredit, ing of life, unlawful homicide
disgrace, dishonor, downgrade, humble, humiliate, lower,
pervert, reduce, set down, shame, take down, vitiate, vitu- ABERRANCE, noun aberration, abnormality, abnormity,
perate, warp anomaly, change, deviation, difference, distinguishing
characteristics, erroneousness, error, individual characteristics,
ABATE (Extinguish), verb abolish, abrogate, annul, ca- irregularity, out of the ordinary, peculiarity, perversion, un-
dere, cancel, defeat, destroy, discontinue, dissolve, elimi- naturalness
nate, exterminate, invalidate, nullify, obliterate, put an end
ABERRANCY, noun aberration, abnormality, abnor-
to, quash, quell, repeal, rescind, revoke, terminate, void
mity, anomaly, deviation, distinguishing characteristics,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: abate a bequest, abate a cause of action,
erroneousness, error, irregularity, peculiarity, perversion,
abate a debt, abate a devise, abate a legacy, abate an action
speciality, unique characteristic, unnaturalness, unusual
characteristic
ABATE (Lessen), verb alleviate, curtail, decline, de-
crease, decrescere, diminish, imminui, lighten, limit, miti- ABERRANT, adjective abnormal, amorphous, anomalis-
gate, modify, palliate, reduce, relieve, remittere, suppress, tic, anomalous, astray, changeable, departing, deviative,
temper devious, discursive, disordered, divergent, eccentric, errant,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: abate a nuisance, abate a tax
erratic, erroneous, excursive, indirect, irregular, non-uniform,
rambling, stray, straying, unnatural, unpredictable, untrue,
ABATEMENT (Extinguishment), noun abolition, abroga- variable, wandering
tion, annulment, cancellation, deadening, defeat, destruc-
tion, discontinuance, dissolution, elimination, extermination, ABERRATION (Abnormality), noun alienation, declen-
invalidation, nonuse, nullification, obliteration, remissio, re- sion, deflection, departure, derailment, deviation, digres-
peal, rescindment, revocation, termination, voidance sion, discrepancy, dislocation, disorientation, displacement,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: abatement by death, abatement of a divergence, divergency, diversion, irregularity, lapse, misdi-
bequest, abatement of a cause of action, abatement of a rection, refraction, wandering, wrong course
freehold, abatement of a legacy, abatement of an action,
abatement of debts, abatement of taxes, plea in abatement ABERRATION (Insanity), noun abnormality, amentia,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Cassetur billa. That the bill be quashed. delirium, delusion, dementedness, derangement, disor-
Cassetur breve. That the writ be quashed. dered intellect, frenzy, hallucination, loss of reason, lunacy,
madness, mental derangement, mental incapacity, mental
ABATEMENT (Reduction), noun alleviation, curtailment, infirmities, mental instability, mental sickness, paranoia,
declination, decline, decrease, decrement, deminutio, di- unsound mind, want of reason
minishing, diminution, lessening, lightening, limitation,
mitigation, modification, palliation, reduction, relief, remis- ABET, verb adiuvare, advance, advocate, afford aid, aid,
sio, suppression, tempering arouse, assist, back, contribute, cooperate with, embolden,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: abatable nuisance, abatement of a tax encourage, endorse, facilitate, foment, foster, furnish aid,
goad, help, incite, instigate, nourish, nurture, prompt, sec-
ABDICATE, verb abandon, back out, be relieved, cede, ond, serve, spur, stimulate, succor, supply aid, support, urge
demit, drop, forgo, forfeit, give the reins to, give up, hand ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accessory, accomplice, aid and abet,
over, hold off, leave, let go, make way for, quit one’s hold, co-conspirator, facilitation
relinquish, resign, retire, stand aside, surrender, unclench,
vacate office, withdraw, yield ABETMENT, noun advocacy, aegis, aid, auspices,
backup, collusion, contribution, cooperation, counte-
ABDICATION, noun abandonment, abdicatio, abjuration, nance, encouragement, favor, fosterage, guidance, help-
demission, departure, deposition, dethronement, eiuratio, fulness, interest, patronage, plying, pressing, sponsorship,
leaving, quitting, relinquishment, renunciation, resignation, urging
surrender, surrender of control, uncrowning, vacating, vaca-
tion, withdrawal ABETTING, adjective ancillary, coaxing, concerted,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Cessa regnare, si non vis judicare. Cease conducing, encouraging, expediting, facilitating, fostering,
to reign, if you don't wish to adjudicate. indorsing, inspiring, promoting, prompting, urging
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accessory after the fact, accessory before
ABDUCT, verb carry away, convey away, decamp, de- the fact, accomplice and accessories, aiding and abetting,
nude, deprive, ensnare, impress, kidnap, pirate, purloin, principals

2
 ABNORMALITY

ABETTOR, noun accessory, accomplice, accomplice ABJECTION, noun abasement, baseness, debasement,
in crime, actuator, adjutant, advocate, aide, aider, assis- decadence, degeneracy, degradation, demoralization, dis-
tant, associate, auxiliary, backer, coadjutor, collaborator, honor, disrepute, humiliation, ignominy, meanness, servility,
confederate, conspirator, cooperator, encourager, expo- vileness
nent, favorer, fomentor, helper, henchman, impeller,
inducer, inspirer, instigator, mainstay, maintainer, motiva- ABJECTNESS, noun abominableness, baseness, con-
tor, particeps criminis, patron, promoter, prompter, temptibleness, degradation, despicableness, meanness,
protagonist, second, support, supporter, sustainer, up- obsequiousness, odiousness, pettiness, shabbiness, shod-
holder diness, smallness, sordidness, submissiveness, vileness,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: aiding and abetting, conspiracy, re- worthlessness, wretchedness
nunciation
ABJUDGE, verb adjudicate, appraise, arbitrate, ascer-
ABEYANCE, noun arrest, cessation, check, deadlock, tain, assess, award, conclude, consider, decide, declare,
delay, desistance, discontinuance, discontinuation, dor- decree, deduce, deem, derive, determine, discern, draw a
mancy, halt, immobility, in dubio esse, inaction, inactivity, conclusion, examine, find, hold, interpret, judge, prescribe,
inertion, inertness, interim, interlude, intermission, inter- pronounce formally, rule
mitti, interregnum, interruption, interval, lapse, quiescency,
recess, recumbency, rem integram relinquere, repose, re- ABJURATION, verb abandonment, defection, denial,
prieve, respite, rest, stalemate, stay, stillness, stoppage, disaffirmation, disallowance, disavowal, disclaimer, discla-
suspension mation, disownment, forswearing, recall, recantation, re-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: contingency, escrow, fee held in abey- jection, renouncement, renunciation, repudiation, retrac-
ance, held in abeyance, in expectation tion, revocation, revokement
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: abjuration of allegiance, law of sanctu-
ABHOR, verb abominate, be appalled by, be repelled ary, oath of abjuration
by, censure, condemn, consider abhorrent, consider dis-
tasteful, contempt, damn, decry, denounce, deplore, dep- ABJURE, verb abandon, abrogate, deny, disaffirm, dis-
recate, despise, detest, disdain, disparage, execrate, find avow, discard, disclaim, disown, exclude, forgo, forswear,
heinous, find horrendous, find odious, find offensive, hate, give up, recant, refuse to admit, reject, relinquish, re-
loathe, reprehend, reprobate nounce, repudiate, resign, retract, revoke, surrender, yield

ABHORRENT, adjective abominable, appalling, awful, ABLE, adjective accomplished, adept, adequate,
contemptible, despicable, detestable, disgusting, dis- adroit, apt, bright, clever, competent, deft, dexterous, dy-
tasteful, heinous, horrendous, indictable, loathsome, namic, effective, effectual, efficacious, efficient, equal to,
obnoxious, obscene, odious, offensive, repellent, repre- experienced, expert, facile, fit, fitted, forward, handy, inge-
hensible, repugnant, repulsive, revolting, terrible, vile, nious, intelligent, inventive, learned, practical, practiced,
wretched proficient, qualified, quick, resourceful, sagacious, shrewd,
skillful, strong, talented, versed, viable, worthy
ABIDE, verb accept, acknowledge, acquiesce, adhere,
agree, assent, carry into execution, comply, concur, con- ABLENESS, noun ability, adequacy, caliber, capability,
form, cooperate, endure, execute, follow, heed, obey, ob- capacity, competence, efficacy, efficiency, faculty, lucidity,
serve, perform, permit, respect, sanction, stare, submit, normalcy, normality, normalness, proficiency, quality, ra-
subscribe to, suffer, tolerate, yield tionality, reason, reasonability, saneness, sound mind,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: abiding conviction soundness of mind, sufficiency

ABIDING, adjective changeless, constant, continuing, ABNEGATE, verb abjure, contravene, decline, deny,
durable, enduring, eternal, everlasting, fixed, immutable, disavow, disclaim, disown, drop, forbear, gainsay, let go,
inherent, lasting, long-lasting, long-lived, long standing, negate, quit one’s hold, rebuff, recall, refuse, refute, reject,
of long duration or standing, perennial, permanent, per- relinquish, renounce, repudiate, repulse, retract, say no,
sistent, persisting, remaining, stable, staying, steadfast, spurn, surrender, unclench
sustained, unaltered, unchanged, unchanging, unshifting,
unvaried, unvarying ABNEGATION, noun abandonment, abjuration, decli-
nation, denial, disallowance, disavowal, disclaimer, forbear-
ABILITY, noun ableness, adaptability, adeptness, ade- ance, moderation, negation, nonacceptance, noncompli-
quacy, aptitude, aptness, capability, capacity, competence, ance, nonconsent, refusal, rejection, renouncement,
competency, enablement, facultas, faculty, fitness, fitted- renunciation, surrender, temperance, unwillingness
ness, ingenium, mastership, mastery, potentiality, potestas,
proficiency, prowess, skill, versatility, vires ABNORMAL, adjective aberrant, amorphous, anoma-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: ability to contract, ability to earn, abil- lous, bizarre, curious, deviative, disordered, divergent, ec-
ity to pay, ability to perform, ability to provide, ability to centric, erratic, exceptional, freakish, frenetic, idiocratic,
purchase, ability to support, capacity, financial ability, idiosyncratic, irregular, monstrous, odd, outlandish, pecu-
readiness, testamentary ability liar, preternatural, strange, unconformable, unconventional,
unheard of, unhinged, unnatural, unusual
ABJECT, adjective base, boorish, common, contempt-
ible, corrupt, cowardly, craven, debased, degenerate, de- ABNORMALITY, noun aberration, anomaly, curiosity,
graded, depraved, despicable, discreditable, dishonest, deformity, deviation, divergence, erraticism, exception,
dishonorable, disreputable, ignoble, ignominious, inferior, idiosyncrasy, irregularity, malformation, nonconformity,
inglorious, mean, penitent, plebeian, repentant, reproach- oddity, peculiarity, perversion, singularity, strangeness,
ful, scandalous, scurrilous, servile, sordid, wretched unconformity, unconventionality, unnaturalness, variation

3
 ABNORMITY

ABNORMITY, noun aberrance, aberration, abnormality, ineffectuality, inefficacy, ineptitude, inexpertness, insuffi-
anomalism, anomalousness, anomaly, deviation, diver- ciency, nonfulfilment, quackery, unskillfulness, vain at-
gence, erraticism, irregularity, nonconformity, quirk, sub- tempt, vain effort, want of success
normality, unnaturalness
ABOUND, verb brim, bulge, bustle, fill, fill up, flood,
ABODE, noun address, domicile, domus, dwelling, flourish, gush, increase, overflow, proliferate, run over, suc-
dwelling place, fixed residence, gite, habitancy, habitat, ceed, swarm, swell, teem, thrive, well over
habitation, home, homestead, house, inhabitancy, in-
habitation, living place, place of dwelling, residence, ABOVE (Before), preposition anterior, as contained in
residency an earlier provision, as earlier mentioned, as earlier referred
FOREIGN PHRASES: Constitutum esse eam domum uni- to, as earlier stated, as previously stated, as provided in a
cuique nostrum debere existimari, ubi quisque sedes et previous section, as stated earlier, before mentioned, cen-
tabulas haberet, suarumque rerum constitutionem fe- tral, dominant, earlier, first, former, last, preceding, previ-
cisset. It is established that the home of each of us is con- ous, primary, principle, prior
sidered to be the place of his abode and books, and where
he may have made an establishment of his business. ABOVE (Higher), preposition aloft, beyond, elevated,
further, grandest, greatest, largest, most up, overhead,
ABOLISH, verb abate, abolere, abrogate, annihilate, annul, raised, skyward, supreme, top, topmost, up, uplifted,
cancel, declare null and void, delere, delete, deprive of force, upper, uppermost, upraised, upward
destroy, disannul, discontinue, disestablish, dispense with, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: above reproach, above the law
dispose, dissolve, eliminate, eradicate, exstinguere, extermi-
nate, extinguish, extirpate, invalidate, negate, nullify, obliter- ABOVE-MENTIONED, adjective as contained above, as
ate, override, overrule, overturn, prohibit, quash, raze, render referred to previously, first, former, precedent, preceding,
null and void, repeal, repudiate, rescind, retract, revoke, set previous, previously named, previously specified, previ-
aside, squelch, subvertere, supersede, supplant, suppress, ously stated, prior
terminate, tollere, undo, vacate, vitiate, void, withdraw
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: repeal by amendment ABOVE-NAMED, adjective above-mentioned, as con-
tained above, as referred to previously, first, former, prec-
ABOLISHMENT, noun abatement, annulment, cancella- edent, preceding, previous, previously named, previously
tion, cessation, close, completeness, conclusion, culmination, specified, previously stated, prior
discontinuance, dissolution, elimination, end, expiration,
extinguishment, finality, finish, termination ABOVE SUSPICION, adjective above reproach, ab-
solved, blameless, clean, clear, exculpable, faultless, free
ABOLITION, noun abolishment, abrogation, annihilation, from guilt, free from wrong, guilt-free, guiltless, impec-
annulment, cancellation, defeasance, deposal, destruction, cable, incorrupt, inculpable, innocent, irreprehensible,
desuetude, discontinuance, dissolutio, dissolution, disusage, moral, sinless, taintless, unblamable, unblemished, uncen-
disuse, elimination, eradication, extermination, extinction, surable, uncorrupted, unreproached, unsoiled, unsullied,
extinguishment, extirpation, invalidation, nonuse, nullifica- upright, vindicated
tion, obliteration, recantation, recision, repeal, repudiation,
rescindment, rescission, retraction, revocation, revokement, ABOVE THE LAW, adjective above reproach, beyond
vacation, voidance the reach of the law, capable of exploiting a gray area of the
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: abolition of a remedy, abolition of an law, exempt from controls, exempt from legal controls,
action, abolition of office, abolition of slavery, express abo- immune from legal responsibility, not subject to oversight,
lition, implied abolition protected from the farthest reaches of the law
FOREIGN PHRASES: Cujus est instituere, ejus est abrogare.
Whoever may institute, his right it is to abrogate. ABRIDGE (Divest), verb attach, deprive of, dispossess
of, disseise, divest of, expropriate, limit, restrict, seize,
ABOMINABLE, adjective despicable, diabolical, dis- strip, take away, usurp, wrest from
graceful, disgusting, dreadful, evil, foul, heinous, horren-
dous, horrible, loathsome, nefarious, noisome, odious, ABRIDGE (Shorten), verb abbreviate, bate, boil down,
reprehensible, repulsive, sickening, sinister, terrible, vile, capsulize, circumcidere, compress, condense, contract,
wicked contrahere, curtail, cut down, decrease, diminish, epito-
mize, foreshorten, give the sum and substance, lessen,
ABORT, verb abandon, arrest, break off, bring to a praecidere, reduce, shrink, sketch, subtract, summarize,
close, bring to a standstill, call off, cancel, cease, choke synopsize, take away, telescope, trim, whittle
close, conclude, cut off, cut short, deactivate, desist, dis-
able, disallow, discontinue, disengage, drop, expire, extin- ABRIDGED, adjective abbreviated, brief, capsulized,
guish, halt, interrupt, negate, quit, snuff, stop, stymie, compact, compressed, condensed, contracted, curtailed,
suppress, suspend, terminate, thwart decreased, diminished, elliptic, epitomized, foreshortened,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: abandonment of a case, abort liti- laconic, lessened, minimal, reduced, shortened, shrunk,
gation, abort the prosecution of a case, failure to prosecute summarized, synopsized, telescoped

ABORTION (Feticide), noun aborticide, expulsion of a ABRIDGMENT (Condensation), noun abbreviation, ab-
fetus, termination of a pregnancy breviature, abstract, aperçu, brief, capsule, compendium,
compression, consolidation, conspectus, contraction, cur-
ABORTION (Fiasco), noun blunder, clumsiness, der- tailment, digest, epitome, epitomization, extract, précis,
eliction, disablement, disaster, failure, folly, frustration, reduction, sketch, summary, synopsis
inability, incapacity, incompetence, incompetency, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: abridgment of time

4
 ABSOLUTION

ABRIDGMENT (Disentitlement), noun abatement, cur- away, steal away, take flight, withdraw, withdraw clandes-
tailment, deprivation, deprivement, dispossession, divesti- tinely
ture, limitation, loss, privation, restriction ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: abscond on bail, absconding debtor,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: abridgment of rights attachment, fugitive, quasi in rem jurisdiction

ABROGATE (Annul), verb abjure, abnegate, abolish, ABSENCE (Nonattendance), noun abandonment, ab-
abrogare, cancel, contradict, contravene, declare null and sentia, abstention, avoidance, defection, desertion, nonap-
void, disannul, disapprove, dissolve, eliminate, impair, in- pearance, nonpresence, removal, truancy, withdrawal
validate, make void, negate, nullify, obstruct, prohibit, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: absence from the state, absent credi-
quash, rebuff, refuse, reject, renounce, repudiate, retract, tors, absent debtor, absent defendant, absent from a juris-
reverse, undo, void diction, leave of action
FOREIGN PHRASES: Cujus est instituere, ejus est abrogare. FOREIGN PHRASES: Absentem accipere debemus eum qui
Whose right it is to institute anything may abrogate it. Non non est eo loci in quo petitur. We must consider absent
impedit clausula derogatoria, quo minus ab eadem he who is not in that place in which he is sought.
potestate res dissolvantur a qua constituuntur. A de-
rogatory clause does not prevent things from being dis- ABSENCE (Omission), noun deficiency, deprivation,
solved by the same power by which they were originally disappearance, hiatus, inadequacy, lack, need, negation,
created. nonbeing, nonexistence, shortage, unavailability, void,
want
ABROGATE (Rescind), verb abolish, annul, bar, cancel, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: absence of counsel, absence of fraud,
countermand, declare null and void, deprive of power, absence of funds, absence of heirs, absence of issue, absence
destroy, disannul, eliminate, exclude, invalidate, not ac- of negligence, absence of notice, absence of wrongdoing
cept, nullify, omit, override, overrule, prohibit, recall, re-
cant, repeal, repudiate, rescindere, retract, reverse, revoke, ABSENT, adjective absorbed, abstracted, astray, away,
set aside, supersede, terminate, vacate, void, waive bare, bemused, blank, deficient, devoid, elsewhere, far-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: abrogating an appeal, express abrogation away, flown, gone, heedless, lost, missing, not present,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Clausula quae abrogationem excludit ab nowhere to be found, null and void, preoccupied, re-
initio non valet. A clause which precludes repeal is void moved, vacant, vacuous, wanting
from the beginning. Perpetua lex est nullam legem hu- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: absent intent, absent malice, absent
manam ac positivam perpetuam esse, et clausula quae the elements of a crime, new trial based on absence of an
abrogationem excludit ab initio non valet. It is a per- accused, counsel, evidence, absent witness
petual law that no human and positive law can be perpet-
ual, and a clause which precludes the power of abrogation ABSOLUTE (Complete), adjective absolutus, blanket,
or repeal is void from the beginning. comprehensive, downright, entire, exhaustive, final, fin-
ished, full, sheer, total, unbounded, unconditional, uncon-
ABROGATED, adjective abolished, annulled, barred, strained, unlimited, unqualified, unreserved, unrestrained,
countermanded, declared null and void, defunct, deprived unrestricted, unstinted, utter, whole, without qualification
of power, eliminated, excluded, inactive, invalid, invali- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: absolute acceptance, absolute admis-
dated, nullified, overridden, set aside, superseded, termi- sion, absolute assignment, absolute bequest, absolute con-
nated, vacated, waived trol, absolute deed, absolute devise, absolute fee, absolute
gift, absolute immunity, absolute insuror, absolute owner,
ABROGATION, noun abolishment, abolition, annihila- absolute power of alienation, absolute power of disposition,
tion, annulment, canceling, cancellation, countermand, absolute sale, absolute transfer, fee simple absolute
counterorder, defeasance, dissolution, invalidation, nullifi-
cation, overriding, overruling, recall, recantation, renege, ABSOLUTE (Conclusive), adjective accurate, actual,
repeal, repudiation, rescission, retraction, reversal, revoca- axiomatic, beyond doubt, categorical, certain, clear, clearly
tion, suppression, undoing, voidance, vacation, vacatur, defined, decided, decisive, definite, definitive, determinate,
withdrawal exact, explicit, express, final, fixed, inalienable, indisput-
able, indubitable, obvious, positive, precise, real, settled,
ABRUPT, adjective abusive, acrimonious, aggressive, straightforward, true, unconditioned, undoubted, unequivo-
antagonistic, argumentative, arrogant, baneful, bitter, brisk, cal, unerring, unimpeachable, unmistakable, unmitigated,
brusque, calamitous, cantankerous, caustic, combative, unmixed, unquestionable, veritable, well-defined
contrary, cross, dissentious, factious, gruff, haughty, ma- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: absolute certainty, absolute conviction,
levolent, nasty, offensive, oppugnant, peremptory, precipi- absolute discretion, absolute duty, absolute liability, abso-
tous, pugnacious, rancorous, rude, sharp, short, surly, terse, lute moral certainty, absolute pardon, absolute privilege,
unceremonious, wrangling absolute right, absolute title

ABSCIND, verb amputate, break, cancel, cleave, clip, ABSOLUTE (Ideal), adjective best, beyond compare,
cut, decapitate, delete, detach, disconnect, disengage, champion, consummate, crowning, defectless, excelling,
disjoin, dismember, dispart, dissever, dissociate, dis- exemplary, faultless, flawless, highest, immaculate, impec-
unite, divide, erase, excise, extirpate, mutilate, part, cable, incomparable, matchless, model, ne plus ultra, para-
partition, rend, rive, rupture, segregate, separate, sever, mount, peerless, perfect, preeminent, pure, spotless, stain-
shear, split, sunder, tear less, superior, superlative, supreme, taintless, unblemished,
unequaled, unexcelled, unrivaled, unsurpassed, untainted,
ABSCOND, verb absent oneself, avoid, bolt, decamp, untarnished
delitescere, depart, desert, disappear, dodge, elude, emi-
grate, escape, eschew, evade, expatriate oneself, flee, hide, ABSOLUTION, noun acquittal, amnesty, clearance,
latere, leave, levant, make off, occultari, remove, run, run deliverance, discharge, dismissal, dismissal of an accusation,

5
 ABSOLVE

exculpation, exoneration, forgiveness, forgiveness of sins, ABSURD, adjective bizarre, conspicuous, crazy, egre-
grace, liberation, pardon, purgation, release, release from gious, extreme, farcical, flagrant, foolish, hysterical, idiotic,
punishment, remission, reprieve, vindication implausible, inane, inept, laughable, ludicrous, nonsensical,
outrageous, over-the-top, preposterous, rational, ridicu-
ABSOLVE, verb absolvere, acquit, adjudge innocent, lous, unbelievable, unreasonable, unsound, unsuitable, up-
clear, discharge, exculpate, excuse, exonerate, find not roarious
guilty, forgive, free, let off, liberare, liberate, pardon, prove ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: an absurd interpretation of the law, an
innocent, prove not guilty, purgare, purge, release from absurd reading of the law
imputation, remit, reprieve, set free, vindicate
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: absolve of blame ABUNDANT, adjective all that is desired, ample, ample
supply, bountiful, comfortable, considerable, copious, cor-
ABSOLVED, adjective acquitted, adjudged blameless, nucopia, extensive, fecund, fertile, fruitful, fulsome, gener-
clear, cleared, discharged, exculpated, excused, exempt, ous, hearty, liberal, overflowing, overly available, plente-
exonerated, forgiven, found not guilty, free, immune, in- ous, plentiful, predominant, prolific, replete with,
nocent, let off, liberated, pardoned, proven innocent, re- substantial, sufficient, superabundance, surplus, the most
prieved, set free, vindicated wished for, vast

ABSORB (Assimilate), verb accept, acculturate, assimi- ABUSE (Corrupt practice), noun baseness, breach of
late, consume, devour, draw, enculturate, gain, habituate, trust, deviation from rectitude, dishonesty, distortion,
incorporate, integrate, merge, naturalize, soak in, sponge, erroneous use, excessive use, exploitation, fraudulency,
swallow ill-usage, ill-use, improper usage, improper use, jobbery,
malfeasance, malversation, misapplication, misappropriation,
ABSORB (Comprehend), verb digest, engage, fathom, misdirection, misemployment, mishandling, misman-
grasp, know, perceive, take in, follow, understand agement, misrepresentation, misstatement, misusage,
misuse, perversion, usus perversus, violation, want of prin-
ABSTAIN, verb avoid, be loath, be neutral, by-pass, ciple, wrong use
cease, decline, defer, desist, discontinue, dispense with, do ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: abuse of a mandate, abuse of a pro-
without, eschew, forebear, forgo, hold back, keep away, ceeding, abuse of authority, abuse of discretion, abuse of
keep off, let alone, not use, not vote, refrain voluntarily executive authority, abuse of legal process, abuse of power,
from, refuse, restrain oneself, shirk, shun, spare, stand neglect
aside, take no sides, turn aside from, waive, withhold FOREIGN PHRASES: Ab abusu ad usum non valet consequen-
tia. A conclusion as to the use of a thing from its abuse is
ABSTEMIOUS, adjective careful, cautious, cheap, con- invalid. Confirmat usum qui tollit abusum. He confirms
servative, economical, economy-minded, frugal, miserly, a use who removes an abuse. Omnium rerum quarum
moderate, parsimonious, penurious, provident, prudent, usus est, potest esse abusus, virtute sola excepta. There
restrained, self-denying, sparing, Spartan, stinting, temper- may be an abuse of everything of which there is a use,
ate, thrifty, unwasteful virtue alone excepted.

ABSTENTION, noun abstainment, abstemiousness, ab- ABUSE (Physical misuse), noun atrocity, bad treatment,
stinence, abstinence from action, avoidance, elusion, es- damage, debasement, defilement, dishonor, dishonoring,
chewal, evasion, forbearance, holding off, inaction, nonpar- hurt, ill treatment, ill usage, ill use, impairment, indecent
ticipation, refrainment assault, injury, maltreatment, mishandling, mistreatment,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: abstention awaiting the state court's misusage, molestation, outrage, persecution, victimization,
decision, abstention based on deferral, abstention based on violation
state issues, doctrine of abstention ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: abuse of a child, wife-beating

ABSTRACT, noun abbreviation, abbreviature, abridg- ABUSE (Misuse), verb abuti, ill-use, injure, make exces-
ment, analect, brief, capsule, compendium, compilation, sive use of, make improper use of, maltreat, manhandle,
compression, condensation, consolidation, conspectus, misapply, misappropriate, misemploy, mishandle, mistreat,
contraction, digest, epitoma, epitome, extract, pandect, pervert, use improperly, use wrongly
précis, reduction, summary, synopsis ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: abuse of a minor
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: abstract idea, abstract of a record, ab-
stract of judgment, abstract of title, abstract proposition of ABUSE (Victimize), verb injure, maltreat, manhandle,
law, abstracts of evidence, marketable title acts, title search mistreat, molest, oppress

ABSTRACT (Separate), verb detach, disengage, disjoin, ABUSE (Violate), verb debauch, defile, degrade, dis-
dissociate, disunite, isolate, remove, take out of context honor, harm, ill-use, persecute, pollute, profane, wrong

ABSTRACT (Summarize), verb abbreviate, abridge, ABUSED, adjective aggrieved, debased, defamed, de-
capsulize, compact, compress, condense, contract, epito- filed, degraded, disparaged, execrated, exploited, ill-
mize, reduce, shorten, synopsize, telescope treated, ill-used, injured, maltreated, mistreated, misused,
oppressed, persecuted, victimized, vilified, wronged
ABSTRUSE, adjective abstract, ambiguous, attenuated, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: abused children
cloudy, complex, difficult to understand, elusive, enig-
matic, esoteric, hidden, incomprehensible, indefinable, in- ABUSIVE, adjective detracting, insulting, maledictory,
definite, inexplicable, mysterious, nebulous, obscure, pro- menacing, quarreling, reviling, threatening, ungracious
found, puzzling, rarefied, recondite, remote, subtle, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: abusive language, abusive letter, abu-
technical, unclear, unfathomable, vague sive manner

6
 ACCESSION

ABUT, verb aboutir, adjoin, attach, be adjacent to, be ACCEPT (Take), verb accipere, acquire, obtain, receive,
contiguous, border on, bound, butt, conjoin, connect, end receive with approval, secure, take control of, take hold of,
at, extend to, join, lean against, meet, reach, rei adiacere, take possession of
rem attingere, touch, verge on ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accept a bribe, accept gainful employ-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: abutting land, abutting on the im- ment
provement, abutting owner, abutting property owner
ACCEPTABLE, adjective adequate, admissible, advis-
ABUTMENT, noun abutment, abuttal, adhesion, adja- able, agreeable, allowable, applicable, appropriate, attrac-
cency, adjoinment, appendage, apposition, appurtenance, tive, becoming, comfortable, commensurate, conventional,
attachment, buttress, conjunction, connection, contact, decent, desirable, eligible, entitled, enviable, expedient,
contiguity, joint, junction, juxtaposition, union fair, felicitous, fit, gratifying, inviting, justifiable, likable,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: abutting owners mediocre, moderate, opportune, palatable, passable, pleas-
ant, pleasing, presentable, proper, qualified, respectable,
ABYSS, noun absence, black hole, blank, cavity, chasm, satisfactory, seemly, suitable, tenable, timely, tolerable,
emptiness, fissure, gap, hiatus, hole, hollowed-out area, hol- unobjectionable, viable, welcome
lowed-out place, lacuna, the unknown, vacuity, vacuum, void ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: acceptable compromise, acceptable
contract, acceptable settlement, accord and satisfaction,
ACADEMIC, adjective curricular, didactic, educational, performance
erudite, formal, highbrow, intellectual, learned, pedagogi-
cal, pedantic, professorial, scholarly, scholastic ACCEPTANCE, noun accedence, acceptio, accession,
accordance, acknowledgment, acquiescence, adoption,
ACCEDE (Concede), verb abide by, accept, accord, ac- agreement, allowance, approbation, approval, assent, as-
knowledge, acquiesce, admit, agree to, approve, assent, surance, compliance, comprobatio, concordance, consent,
back down, capitulate, comply, concur, conform, consent, endorsement, ratification, receipt, receptiveness, resigna-
deign, give assent, give in, grant, obey, permit, submit, sub- tion, sanction, tolerance, toleration
scribe to, succumb, surrender, vouchsafe, yield, yield assent ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: acceptance by a grantee to a deed,
acceptance by conduct, acceptance in a sale, acceptance of
ACCEDE (Succeed), verb assume, attain, become heir a bill of exchange, acceptance of a bribe, acceptance of a
to, come after, come next, displace, follow in order, inherit, check, acceptance of a contract, acceptance of a draft, ac-
reach, replace, supersede, supplant, take the place of ceptance of a gift by a donee, acceptance of an insurance
application, acceptance of an offer, acceptance of an order,
ACCELERATE, adjective advance, catalyze, ease, expe- acceptance of benefits, acceptance of employment, accep-
dite, facilitate, fast-track, forward, further, get going, hasten, tance of goods, acceptance of risk, blank acceptance,
hurry, increase in speed, precipitate, propel, quicken, rush, conditional acceptance, constructive acceptance, conver-
step-up, step up the pace, streamline, take to the next level sion by acceptance, implied acceptance
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accelerated appeal FOREIGN PHRASES: Cum in corpore dissentitur, apparet nul-
lam esse acceptionem. When there is a disagreement in
ACCELERATED JUDGMENT, noun accelerated decision, the substance of a thing, it appears that there is no ac-
expedited determination, expedited judgment, facilitated ceptance.
decision, speeded adjudication
ACCESS (Opening), noun accessibility, approachability,
ACCELERATION, noun dispatch, expedition, expeditious availability, chance, means, occasion, open position, op-
performance, hastening, hurrying, increase of speed, quick- portunity, possibility, unfilled place, vacancy
ening, shortening of time, speedup, spurt, stepping up a pace
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: acceleration clause, acceleration doc- ACCESS (Right of way), noun accessus, adit, aditus,
trine, acceleration of a testamentary gift, acceleration of admission, admittance, approach, course, direct approach,
payments, acceleration of remainders entrance, entrance way, entry, ingress, inlet, means of ac-
cess, means of approach, opening, passage, passageway,
ACCENTUATE, verb accent, deepen, emphasize, path, right of entry, road, route, way, way in, way of ap-
heighten, highlight, intensify, italicize, make clear, point up, proach, way through
pronounce, punctuate, reaffirm, spearhead, star, strengthen,
stress, underline, underscore ACCESSIBLE, adjective achievable, amenable, ap-
proachable, assailable, attainable, available, communica-
ACCEPT (Admit as sufficient), verb accede to, acqui- tive, convenient, obliging, open, open-minded, penetrable,
esce, admit as satisfactory, agree to, allow, comply, confirm pervious, reachable, receptive, responsive

ACCEPT (Assent), verb accede to, acquiesce, affirm, ACCESSION (Annexation), noun accessio, addition,
agree to, allow, authorize, comply, confirm, endorse, ratify, adherence, adhesion, adjoining, affixation, annexing, ap-
sanction, tolerate pendage, attachment, binding, cementation, cohesion,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accept a contract, ratification combination, combining, conjoining, consolidation, cou-
pling, fastening, fusion, inclusion, incorporation, joining,
ACCEPT (Embrace), verb adopt, consider as true, em- merger, putting together, securing, subjoining, subjunction,
brace, internalize supplementation, unification, union, uniting
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accession of fixtures, accession of
ACCEPT (Recognize), verb accord recognition to, ac- property
knowledge, allow, honor
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accept a bill, accept a check, accept a ACCESSION (Enlargement), noun accretion, accrual,
draft accumulation, acquisition, addition, advance, aggrandizement,

7
 ACCESSORY

amplification, appreciation, attainment, augmentation, indeterminate, undesigned, undetermined, unexpected,

broadening, burgeoning, development, elaboration, en- unforeseen, unintended, unintentional, unpremeditated,
hancement, expansion, extension, gain, growth, increase, unwitting
multiplication, progress, progression, supplementation, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accident and health insurance, accidental
swelling loss, accidental means, disability, life insurance, negligence
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accession of property, accretion, ac-
quisition of title by accession, doctrine of accession, perma- ACCOMMODATE, verb accept, accommodare, adapt,
nent accession, riparian accession adjust, administer to, agree, aid, arrange, assist, attune, be
capable of holding, benefit, bring into consistency, bring to
ACCESSORY, noun abettor, accomplice, accomplice in terms, comfort, compose, contain, convenience, defer, do a
crime, advisor, aider, assistant, coconspirator, codirector, favor for, do a service for, favor, fit, furnish, gratify, harmo-
collaborator, confederate, confrère, conscius, consociate, nize, have, have capacity for, help, hold, meet the wants of,
cooperator, copartner, coworker, culpae socius, encourager, minister to, oblige, provide, render a service, serve, settle,
fellow conspirator, helper, helpmate, partaker, particeps settle amicably, suit, supply the wants of, support, yield
criminis, participant, participator, partner, partner in crime,
planner, socius criminis ACCOMMODATING, adjective accepting, adjustable,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accessory after the fact, accessory be- affable, agreeable, amiable, attentive, benevolent, benig-
fore the fact, accessory contract, accessory during the fact, nant, charitable, civil, complaisant, compliant, conciliatory,
accessory obligation, accessory to a crime, accessory to an considerate, cordial, courteous, decent, deferential, fair, fa-
offense, aiding and abetting, principal vorable, friendly, generous, gracious, heedful, helpful, in-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Accessorium non ducit, sed sequitur dulgent, kind, kindly, mindful, neighborly, obliging, pliable,
suum principale. That which is the accessory or incident polite, solicitous, thoughtful, unselfish, warmhearted, well-
does not lead, but follows its principals. Accessorius se- intentioned, well-meaning, yielding
quitur naturam sui principales. An accessory follows the
nature of his principal; thus, an accessory cannot be found ACCOMMODATION (Adjustment), noun accordance,
guilty of a greater crime than his principal. Cujus juris est adaptation, agreement, arrangement, compositio, compo-
principale, ejusdem juris erit accessorium. He who has sition of differences, compromise, friendly agreement,
jurisdiction of the principal thing also has jurisdiction of the harmonization, mutual understanding, obliging, provision,
accessory. Nullus dicitur accessorius post feloniam, sed readjustment, reconciliatio, rectification, settlement
ille qui novit principalem feloniam fecisse, et illum re-
ceptavit et comfortavit. No one is called an “accessory” ACCOMMODATION (Backing), noun assistance, assur-
after the fact but the one who knew the principal had com- ance, championing, cooperation, endorsement, guarantee,
mitted a felony, and who received and comforted him. seconding, security, sponsorship, succor, support, surety
Omne principale trahit ad se accessorium. Every princi- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accommodated endorser, accommo-
pal thing draws the accessory to itself. Quae accessionum dated party, accommodated payee, accommodation ac-
locum obtinent, extinguuntur cum principales res ceptance, accommodation bill, accommodation endorse-
peremp tae fuerint. When the principal thing is destroyed, ment, accommodation guarantor, accommodation maker,
those things which are accessory to it are also destroyed. accommodation note, accommodation paper, accommoda-
Res accessoria sequitur rem principalem. An accessory tion signer, cautio fidejussoria
follows the principal. Ubi non est principalis, non potest
esse accessorius. Where there can be no principal, there ACCOMPANY, verb associate with, coexist, commin-
cannot be an accessory. gle, consort, convoy, join, keep, keep company with

ACCIDENT (Chance occurrence), noun adventitious- ACCOMPANYING, adjective accessory, associated, as-
ness, befalling, blind chance, casus, circumstance, fortu- sociated with, attendant, attending, coactive, coexistent,
itous event, fortuity, happening, hazard, incident, inevitable collateral, commingled, concomitant, concurrent, co-oper-
occurrence, sudden happening, unanticipated event, unde- ant, cooperative, fellow, incidental, joined, joint, synergetic
signed occurrence, unexpected misfortune, unexpected
occurrence, unforeseen occurrence ACCOMPLICE, noun abettor, accessory, accessory after
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accidental cause, accidental loss, acci- the fact, accessory before the fact, advisor, aid, aider, aider
dental means and abettor, assistant, associate, associate in crime, associ-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Casus fortuitus non est sperandus, et ate in guilt, coactor, coconspirator, codefendant, codirector,
nemo tenetur devinare. A fortuitous event is not to be collaborator, comate, confederate, confrère, conscius, con-
foreseen, and no one is bound to expect it. Casus fortui- sociate, contriver, cooperator, coworker, culpae socius, en-
tus non est supponendus. A fortuitous happening is not courager, fellow conspirator, helper, helpmate, partaker,
to be presumed. particeps criminis, participant, participator, partner, partner
in crime, partner in wrongdoing, planner, principal, socius
ACCIDENT (Misfortune), noun adversity, affliction, ca- criminis, supporter
lamity, casualty, contretemps, disaster, injurious occur- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accomplice witness, aiding and abet-
rence, misadventure, miscarriage, mischance, mishap, un- ting, complicity, inchoate crimes, mens rea, vicarious liabil-
fortunate event ity, Wharton’s rule
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accident arising out of the course of FOREIGN PHRASES: Agentes et consentientes pari poena
employment, accidental bodily injury, accidental fires, col- plectentur. Acting and consenting parties are liable to the
lision, disability caused by an accident, expectable loss, same punishment.
external, foreseeable loss, violent and accidental means
ACCOMPLISH, verb achieve, attain, bring about, com-
ACCIDENTAL, adjective adventitious, casual, chance, plete, consummate, discharge, dispatch, effect, enact, ex-
coincidental, extrinsic, fortuitous, inadvertent, incidental, ecute, finish, fulfill, realize, succeed

8
 ACCRUED

ACCOMPLISHMENT (Achievement), noun attainment, ACCOUNTABILITY, noun amenability, blame, burden,

conquest, contribution, coup, culmination, deed, enact- charge, commitment, dueness, duty, exposure, incumbency,
ment, feat, fruition, good deed, good fortune, hit, mile- liability, obligation, onus, responsibility, the decent thing, the
stone, performance, positive action, result, success, sum- proper thing, the right thing, trustworthiness, vulnerability
mit, triumph, victory, win
ACCOUNTABLE (Explainable), adjective construable,
ACCOMPLISHMENT (Satisfaction), noun completion, deducible, definable, describable, determinable, explicable,
consummation, contentedness, contentment, elation, en- inferential, interpretable, renderable, translatable
joyment, execution, felicity, fulfillment, gratification, happi-
ness, pleasance, pleasure, realization, result, satiation ACCOUNTABLE (Responsible), adjective answerable,
beholden, bound, chargeable, devolving on, liable, obli-
ACCORD, noun accommodation, accordance, adjust- gated, obliged, owing, under obligation
ment, agreement, arrangement, compromise, concession, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: held accountable for one’s actions
concord, concordance, mutual understanding, settlement,
understanding ACCOUNTANT, noun bookkeeper, calculator, certified
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accord and satisfaction, disputed public accountant, chartered accountant, clerk, reckoner,
claims, executed accord, executory accord, novation, pay- recorder, registrar, statistician
ment of a debt, release, satisfaction, substituted agree-
ment, unliquidated claim ACCOUNTING, noun auditing, bookkeeping, complete
FOREIGN PHRASES: Concordare leges legibus est optimus report, computation, full report, fully detailed analysis,
interpretandi modus. To reconcile laws with other laws is reckoning
the best method of interpreting them. ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: account stated, accounting officer, ac-
counts receivable
ACCORDANCE (Compact), noun accommodation, ac-
cord, adjustment, agreement, arrangement, conciliation, ACCREDIT, verb accept, affirm, approve, authenticate,
concord, concordance, concurrence, consonance, contract, authorize, certify, confirm, endorse, ratify, sanction, vali-
entente cordiale, pact, reconcilement, reconciliation, settle- date, vouch for
ment, unison, unity ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accredited law school, accredited rep-
resentative
ACCORDANCE (Understanding), noun accommoda-
tion, adjustment, agreement, amity, assent, assonance, ACCRETION, noun addition, advance, annexation, aug-
common view, communion, compatibility, compliance, mentation, enlargement, extension, gain, growth, increment
concinnity, concurrence, conformance, conformity, consen-
sus, consentience, consonance, consonancy, harmoniza- ACCROACH, verb appropriate, arrogate, assume,
tion, harmony, meeting of minds, rapport, reconcilement, break bounds, encroach, impose upon, infringe, interlope,
reconciliation, unanimity, understanding intrude, invade, obtrude, overstep, presume on, take over,
transgress, trespass, usurp
ACCORDING TO LAW, adjective allowable, allowed,
authorized by law, conformable to law, conformable with ACCRUE (Arise), verb acquire, be derived, become due,
the law, constitutional, de jure, due, established, in accor- become enforceable, become present, come, develop,
dance with the law, in compliance, inviolable, jural, law- emanate, ensue, eventuate, fall due, flow, follow, inure,
abiding, lawful, legal, legalized, legitimate, licit, permissi- issue, mature, occur, originate, proceed, progress, result
ble, proper, rightful, statutory, valid, within the law from, rise from, spring, yield
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accrual accounting method, accrual of
ACCORDINGLY, adverb a fortiori, a priori, agreeably, a cause of action, accrued benefit, accrued claims against a
as a matter of course, as a result, because of this, by reason municipal corporation, accrued debt, accrued rights, statute
of that, compatibly, compliantly, conformably, conse- of limitations, tolls
quently, consistently, correspondingly, hence, in due FOREIGN PHRASES: Confirmare nemo potest prius quam jus
course, inevitably, it follows that, naturally, necessarily, ei acciderit. No one can confirm a right before the right
then, thereafter, therefore, thus, wherefore accrues to him.

ACCOST, verb address, adoriri, affront, ambush, ap- ACCRUE (Increase), verb accumulate, acquire, add on,
proach, assail, assault, assault belligerently, attack, beset, advance, aggrandize, amass, amplify, annex, appreciate,
compellare, confront, draw near, fall upon, rise in hostility augment, become added, become greater, become larger,
before, set upon, strike at, thrust at, waylay branch out, broaden, build, build up, collect, enlarge, esca-
late, expand, extend, further, gain, gather, greaten, grow,
ACCOUNT (Evaluation), noun appraisal, assessment, heighten, improve, intensify, mount, multiply, raise, re-
compte rendu, enumeration, financial statement, ledger, list double, supplement, swell, widen
of receipts and payments, ratio, register, statement, state- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accrual accounting method, accrual of
ment of debits and credits, statement of pecuniary transac- compensation, accrual of taxes, accrued basis, accrued
tions, tally, valuation costs, accrued dividend, accrued earnings, accrued income,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accounts payable, accounts receivable, accrued interest, accrued overtime, accrued taxes
account rendered, account stated, bank account, joint ac-
count, liquidated account, open account, totten trust account ACCRUED, adjective accumulated, added to, an-
nexed, grew, increased, mounted, multiplied
ACCOUNT (Report), noun brief, description, history, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accrued debts, accrued depreciation,
memoir, memoria, narratio, narration, presentation, recapitu- accrued dividends, accrued income, accrued installments,
lation, recital, record, review, saga, summary, summation accrued interest, accrued rent, accrued rights, accrued taxes

9
 ACCUMULATE

ACCUMULATE (Amass), verb accumulare, agglomer- citare, cite, complain against, criminate, denounce, expose,
ate, aggregate, assemble, bring together, coacervare, col- fix blame, impeach, implicate, incriminate, inculpate, indict,
lect, collect into a mass, collect together, colligate, com- lodge a complaint, prefer charges, prosecute, report against
bine, compile, concentrate, cumulate, garner, gather, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accusatory instrument
gather into a mass, gather together, gather up, hoard,
mass, pile up, stockpile, store up, unite ACCUSE OF WRONGDOING, verb accuse, allege, ar-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accumulate dividends, accumulate raign, bring a charge, charge with, cite, criminate, de-
funds, accumulate income, accumulated damages, accu- nounce, expose, fix blame, impeach, implicate, incriminate,
mulated deductions, accumulated earnings, accumulated inculpate, indict, prefer charges, prosecute
profits, accumulated reserve, accumulated sick leave, ac- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: felony complaint, grand jury, indict-
cumulated surplus, accumulation in a trust, accumulative ment, malicious prosecution
judgment, accumulative sentence, consecutive sentence
ACCUSED (Attacked), verb attacked, defamed, im-
ACCUMULATE (Enlarge), verb accrue, add to, aggran- puted, maligned, reproached, reproved
dize, amplify, augment, broaden, build up, enlarge in size,
expand, extend, gain, greaten, grow, grow larger, increase, ACCUSED (Charged), verb arraigned, brought charges,
make greater, multiply, redouble, reinforce, spread, swell charged, complained of, filed charges, have charges
FOREIGN PHRASES: Alienatio rei praefertur juri accrescendi. against, held responsible, impeached, indicted
The law prefers the alienation of property rather than ac-
cumulation. ACCUSER, noun accusant, accusatrix, challenger, com-
plainant, delator, denouncer, impeacher, incriminator, in-
ACCUMULATION, noun abundance, accession, accre- dictor, informer, libelant, litigant, party to a suit, petitioner,
tion, accruement, agglomeration, aggregation, amassing, prosecutor
amassment, amplification, appreciation, assemblage, aug-
mentation, batch, centralization, collection, compilation, ACCUSTOMED (Customary), adjective adsuetus, com-
concentration, conglomeration, cumulation, deposit, devel- mon, commonplace, confirmed, consuetudinal, consuetudi-
opment, gain, gathering, great quantity, growth, harvest, nary, conventional, established, fixed, habitual, normal, or-
increase, increment, plenty, plethora, sufficiency dinary, prevailing, regular, routine, solitus, traditional, usual
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accumulation of income, accumulation ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accustomed practice, accustomed use
of property, trusts, wills
ACCUSTOMED (Familiarized), adjective acclimated,
ACCURATE, adjective actual, authentic, bona fide, acclimatized, acquainted, adapted, addicted, adjusted,
careful, clear-cut, conscientious, correct, defect-free, de- conditioned, familiar, familiar through use, given to, habitu-
pendable, direct, errorless, exact, executed with care, ex- ated, in the habit of, ingrained with
plicit, factual, faithful, faultless, free of error, genuine, iner-
rant, literal, meticulous, minute, particular, perfect, precise, ACHIEVE (Acquire), verb acquire, arrive, attain, bring
proper, punctilious, realistic, reliable, right, rigorous, scru- about, build, carry, close, complete, conclude, construct,
pulous, thorough, true, trustworthy, truthful, unambiguous, consummate, decide, determine, discharge, earn, evoke,
unchallenged, uncolored, undenied, undeviating, undis- function, gain, get, implement, obtain, operate, originate,
guised, undisputed, undistorted, unerring, unimpeachable, prevail, procure, reach, realize, reap, recover, win
unmistaken, unperjured, unquestionable, unrefuted, unvar-
nished, valid, veracious, verbatim, verifiable, well-defined ACHIEVE (Perform), verb accomplish, actualize, carry
out, compass, contrive, create, dispatch, effect, effectuate,
ACCUSATION, noun accusal, accusatio, allegation, encompass, execute, finish, fulfill, perfect, perform, pro-
ascription, assertion, attribution, bill of indictment, charge, duce, succeed, terminate, transact
citation, crimen, criminatio, crimination, delation, filing of
charges, formal charge, imputation, imputation of blame, ACKNOWLEDGE (Declare), verb admit, affirm, ascribe,
incrimination, inculpation, indictment, information, prefer- assert, asseverate, attest to, avow, bear witness, certify,
ring of charges, true bill, true charge depone, depose, disclose, endorse, express, implicate one-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accusatory instrument, complaint, grand self, state, swear
jury report, indictment, information, presentment, warrant
FOREIGN PHRASES: Accusare nemo se debet, nisi coram deo. ACKNOWLEDGE (Respond), verb accede, agree, an-
No one is bound to accuse himself, except before God. swer, be responsive, concur, ratify, rejoin, remark, reply,
signify assent
ACCUSATORY, adjective contemptuous, decrying,
deprecatory, derogative, derogatory, disapproving, dispar- ACKNOWLEDGE (Verify), verb admit, admit a right,
aging, incriminatory, inculpatory, pejorative admit the charge, concede, confess, confirm, defer to, rec-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accusatory instrument, grand jury, ognize, recognize authority of, testify, yield
indictment, prosecution ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: acknowledge a document, acknowl-
edge the signatures on a will
ACCUSATORY INSTRUMENT, noun accusatory docu-
ment, commencement of a criminal proceeding, criminal ACKNOWLEDGED, adjective accepted, acquiesced,
complaint, formal accusation, fundamental step in a crimi- admitted, approved, avowed, conceded, confessed, con-
nal prosecution, initial step in criminal prosecution ventional, correct, customary, established, familiar, formal,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: indictment, prosecution granted, immemorial, inveterate, longstanding, orthodox,
popular, prescriptive, professed, public, putative, received,
ACCUSE, verb accusare, arguere, attack, blame, bring a recognized, rooted, time-honored, traditional, understood,
charge, bring accusation, bring in a true bill, charge with, undisputed, unquestioned, usual, warranted

10
 ACT

ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: acknowledged actions, acknowl- from, gain, get, make one’s own, obtain by any means, pro-
edged certificates, acknowledged consideration, acknowl- cure, purchase, realize, steal, take, take possession, wrest from
edged debt, acknowledged evidence, acknowledged in- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: acquire a business, acquire by fraud,
debtedness, acknowledged instruments, acknowledged acquire by gift, acquire by inheritance, acquire by will, ac-
liability, acknowledged parties, acknowledged payments, quire for resale, acquire ownership
acknowledged pleadings, acknowledged set-off of a claim, FOREIGN PHRASES: Incorporalia bello non adquiruntur.
acknowledged signatures, acknowledged statements, au- Things incorporeal are not acquired in war.
thority, false certification, recitals
ACQUISITION, noun acceptance, acceptation, acquire-
ACKNOWLEDGMENT (Acceptance), noun accession, ment, appropriation, assumption, attainment, find, gain,
acquiescence, admittance, agreement, answer, assent, gleaning, intaking, obtainment of property, possession,
compliance, concession, concurrence, endorsement, ratifi- procuration, procurement, realization, receival, receiving,
cation, recognition, replication, reply, response, verification reception, recipience, stealing, taking
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: acknowledgment to an offer ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: acquisition by purchase, acquisition of
assets, acquisition of property, acquisition value
ACKNOWLEDGMENT (Avowal), noun admission, affir- FOREIGN PHRASES: Qui acquirit sibi acquirit haeredibus. He
mation, assertion, asseveration, authentication, avowance, who acquires for himself acquires for his heirs.
certification, confessio, confession, confirmation, declara-
tion, formal declaration, statement, validation ACQUIT, verb absolve, absolvere, clear, compurgate,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: acknowledgment in a deposition, ac- declare innocent, discharge, discharge from accusation,
knowledgment of a conveyance, acknowledgment of a exculpate, excuse, exempt, exonerate, find not guilty, give
debt, acknowledgment of a deed, acknowledgment of a a favorable verdict, grant remission, let off, liberare, liber-
mortgage, acknowledgment of a will, acknowledgment of ate, make free, pardon, pronounce not guilty, prove inno-
an illegitimate child, acknowledgment of indebtedness, cent, purgare, release, remit, reprieve, set at liberty, set
acknowledgment of liability, certificate of acknowledgment, free, vindicate
public acknowledgment ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: acquittal in fact, acquittal in law

ACQUAINTANCE, noun adherent, advocate, affiliate, ACQUITTAL, noun absolutio, absolution, acquitment,
ally, associate, backer, benefactor, cohort, collaborator, col- acquittance, amnesty, clearance, compurgation, discharge,
league, companion, comrade, confidant, crony, defender, dismissal, exculpation, exoneration, favorable verdict, let-
friend, partisan, patron, person, proponent, supporter, ting off, liberatio, liberation, pardon, purgation, quittance,
sympathizer release, remission, reprieve, restoration, verdict of not
guilty, vindication
ACQUAINTED, adjective advised, apprised, attuned to, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: acquittal by a jury
awakened, aware of, briefed, cognitus, cognizant of, con- FOREIGN PHRASES: Paribus sententiis reus absolvitur. When
scious of, conversant with, enlightened, informed, in- the opinions are equal, where the court is equally divided,
structed, introduced to, knowledgeable, notified, notus, the defendant is acquitted.
peritus, posted, primed, told
ACQUITTED, adjective cleared, exculpated, exoner-
ACQUIESCE, verb abide, accede, accept, acknowledge, ated, freed of wrongdoing, let go, let off, not guilty, proved
admit, agree, agree to, allow, assent, be willing, bow to, innocent, vindicated
comply, concede, concur, conform, consent, cooperate,
defer to, give in, grant, obey, observe, ratify, receive, recog- ACRIMONIOUS, adjective acerb, acerbic, acrid, astrin-
nize, relent, resign oneself, sanction, submit, subscribe to, gent, biting, bitter, blistering, captious, caustic, censorious,
succumb, suffer, surrender, tolerate, yield choleric, corrosive, cross-tempered, cruel, cutting, cynical,
embittered, envenomed, gruff, harsh, hostile, huffy, ill-na-
ACQUIESCENCE, noun accedence, acceptance, acces- tured, inimical, irascible, irritable, malevolent, malicious,
sion, accordance, acknowledgment, adsensus, agreement, malignant, negative, peevish, pejorative, petulant, rancor-
allowance, assent, compliance, concession, concordance, ous, resentful, rough, rude, sarcastic, scathing, severe,
concurrence, consent, grant, implied consent, nonresistance, sharp, snappish, snarling, sour, spiteful, stinging, tart, testy,
observance, passive agreement, passive consent, permission, touchy, vicious, virulent, vitriolic, waspish
permittance, resignedness, sanction, subjection, submission,
submissiveness, submittal, sufferance, tacit assent, willingness ACT (Enactment), noun acte, administration, bill, code,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: acquiescence in judgment, acquies- deed, dictate, edict, law, legislation, legislative decree, lex,
cence to a breach of contract, acquiescence to a breach of mandate, ordinance, precept, prescript, règlement, regula-
covenant, acquiescence to boundaries, acquiescence to the tion, resolution, rule, ruling, statute, written law
terms of a contract, ratification by acquiescence ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: Congressional act, legislative act
FOREIGN PHRASES: Agentes et consentientes pari poena FOREIGN PHRASES: Actus legis nemini est damnosus. The act
plectentur. Acting and consenting parties are liable to the of the law shall prejudice no one.
same punishment. Longa patientia trahitur ad consen-
sum. Long sufferance is interpreted as consent. ACT (Undertaking), noun accomplishment, achieve-
ment, action, commission, course, dealing, deed, doing, ef-
ACQUIRE (Receive), verb accept, achieve, adipisci, fectuation, enterprise, execution, feat, implementation, ma-
adopt, be given, come into possession of, derive, gain, neuver, manipulation, measure, method, move, operation,
glean, obtain, reap, take in, win performance, perpetration, step, stratagem, task, transaction
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: act in official capacity, act of bank-
ACQUIRE (Secure), verb adquirere, annex, appropriate, ruptcy, act of commission, act of cruelty, act of embezzle-
assume, assume ownership, attain, exact, extort, extract, force ment, act of flight, act of God, act of infringement, act of

11
 ACT AS AGENT

insolvency, act of larceny, act of law, act of misfeasance, act de punir que les actions exterieures. Laws do not assume
of necessity, act of omission, act of ownership, act of to punish other than overt acts.
providence, act of reckless disregard, act of violence, act of
war, actus reas, judicial act, mala prohibita act, overt act ACTION (Proceeding), noun actio, action at law, case,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Actus me invito factus non est meus cause, cause in court, court proceeding, formal prosecution,
actus. An act done by me against my will is not my act. hearing, hearing on the merits, judicial contest, judicial pro-
Actus not facit reum, nisi mens sit rea. An act does not ceeding, lawsuit, legal action, legal contest, legal proceed-
render a person guilty, unless the mind is guilty. Idem est ing, lis, litigation, litigation of the charges, prosecution, suit,
facere, et non prohibere cum possis. It is the same thing suit at law, suit in law, trial, trial of a case, trial of the issues
to commit an act as not to prohibit it, when it is in your ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: abatement, action arising under the
power. Facta sunt potentiora verbis. Acts or deeds are laws of the United States, action at law, action brought, ac-
more powerful than words. tion by one party against another, action ex delicto, action
ex parte, action for a declaratory judgment, action for
ACT AS AGENT, verb act as intermediary, act as substi- bodily injury, action for breach of a contract, action for dam-
tute, act as surrogate, act for, act in place of, answer for, ages, action for deceit, action for disparagement, action
appear for, designate to represent, front for, intercede, rep- for dissolution, action for divorce, action for fraud, action for
resent, serve in one’s stead, stand for, stand in the stead of injury to property, action for liquidated damages, action for
misrepresentation, action for money damages, action
ACT ILLEGALLY, verb be derelict, be illegal, be perfidi- for recovery of chattel, action for rescission and restitution,
ous, be recalcitrant, break the law, commit a crime, disobey action in assumpsit, action in conversion, action in deti-
the law, not comply, refuse to obey, repudiate, resist, trans- nue, action in ejectment, action in equity, action in inter-
gress, traverse, trespass, violate, violate the law pleader, action in personam, action in quantum meruit,
action in rem, action in replevin, action in tort, action in
ACT IN CONCERT, verb act jointly, agree, be in collusion trespass, action in trover, action of foreclosure, action of
with, collude, combine, concur, connive, conspire, cooperate, garnishment, action on a contract, action on a debt, action
federate, form a coalition, involve, join, participate, pool, unite on account rendered, action on contract, action quasi in
rem, action to quiet title, action to remove a cloud, affirma-
ACT OF GOD, noun accident, chance occurrence, fortu-
tive action, cause of action, chose in action, civil action,
itousness, fortuity, random luck
class action, commence an action, consolidation, continu-
ACT ON (Complete), verb agree, answer, choose, ance of action on submitted facts, criminal action, cross
choose a course of action, come to a conclusion, come to action, derivative action, independent actions, joinder of
an agreement, conclude, decree, determine, draw a con- actions, joint action, legal action, local actions, main action,
clusion, elect, establish, finalize, find, form a judgment, multiplicity of actions, pending action, right of action, sev-
form a resolution, form an opinion, make a choice, make a erance of actions, stockholders’ action, third-party action
FOREIGN PHRASES: Ex nudo pacto non oritus nascitur actio.
decision, make a selection, ok, opt, pronounce, reach a
decision, react, reply, resolve, respond No action arises on a contract without a consideration. Cum
actio fuerit mere criminalis, institui poterit ab initio
ACT ON (Rule), verb adjudge, adjudicate, arrive at a criminaliter vel civiliter. When an action is merely crimi-
judgment, ascertain, award, come to a decision, compro- nal, it can be instituted either criminally or civilly at the
mise, conclude, decree, determine, finalize, find, judge, outset. In rem actio est per quam rem nostram quae ab
make a decision, pronounce, reach a decision, reach a ver- alio possidetur petimus, et semper adversus eum est
dict, resolve, rule, sentence, settle qui rem possidet. An action in rem is one by means of
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: act on a motion, act on an application, which we seek our property which is owned by another,
act on case, act on evidence, act on information provided and is always against him who possesses the property.
by an informant, act on petition Actio quaelibet it sua via. Every action proceeds in its
own course. Secta est pugna civilis; sicut actores ar-
ACTING, adjective adjutant, deputative, deputy, func- mantur actionibus, et, quasi, gladiis accinguntur, ita
tioning, holding legal rights conferred by another, imper- rei muniuntur exceptionibus, et defenduntur, quasi,
manent, replacing, representative, representing, short- clypeis. A suit is a civil battle; for as the plaintiffs are armed
term, speaking by delegated authority, standing in the with actions, and as it were, girded with swords, so the
place of, substituting for, temporary, transient defendants are fortified with pleas, and defended, as it
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: acting illegally, acting in a boisterous were, by shields. Remoto impedimento, emergit actio.
manner, acting in concert with others, acting in good faith, The impediment being removed, the action emerges.
acting judge, acting mayor, acting officer, acting within Omnis quereia et omnis actio injuriarum limita est
the course of employment, acting within the scope of infra certa tempora. Every complaint and every action for
employment injuries is limited within certain times. Omnes actiones in
mundo infra certa tempora habent limitationem. All
ACTION (Performance), noun accomplishment, actions in the world are limited within certain periods of
achievement, administration, carrying out, concrete results, time. In haeredes non solent transire actiones quae
consummation, course of conduct, discharge, doing, ef- poenales ex maleficio sunt. Penal actions arising from
fectuation, enforcement, execution, factum, implementa- anything of a criminal nature do not pass to heirs. Actio
tion, line of action personalis moritur cum persona. A personal action dies
FOREIGN PHRASES: Non quod dictum est, sed quod factum with the person. Ex tupi causa non oritur actio. No cause
est inspicitur. Not what is said, but what is done, is to be of action arises out of an immoral or illegal consideration.
regarded. Factum cuique suum, non adversario, nocere
debet. A man’s own acts should prejudice himself, not his ACTIONABLE, adjective accountable, amenable, an-
adversary. Factum infectum fieri nequit. A thing which swerable, bound, causidical, chargeable, controvertible,
has been done cannot be undone. Les lois ne se chargent disputable, justiciable, liable to prosecution, litigable, litigant,

12
 AD INTERIM

litigious, pertaining to litigation, remediable by an action at official, palpable, positive, precise, present, real, realistic,
law, res cuius actio est, responsible, suable, under legal right, rightful, specific, substantial, substantive, tangible,
obligation, under obligation, unexempt from true, true to the facts, true to the letter, truthful, unerring,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: actionable cause of action, actionable unerroneous, unfallacious, unfalse, unimagined, unim-
charges, actionable claim, actionable words, actionable peachable, unmistaken, unrefuted, unsupposed, valid, ve-
wrongdoing racious, veritable, verus, well-founded, well-grounded
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: actual authority, actual bailment, actual
ACTIONS, noun bearing, behavior, behavior pattern, book value, actual case or controversy, actual cash receipts,
comportment, conduct, dealings, demeanor, deportment, actual cash value, actual damages, actual delivery, actual
doings, guise, manner, mien, mode of action, modus vi- earnings, actual eviction, actual expense, actual force, ac-
vendi, policy, practice, presence, procedure, ways tual fraud, actual income, actual intent, actual intent to de-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: abandonment, abatement, action at fraud, actual knowledge, actual loss, actual malice, actual
law, actions in equity, appeals, arbitrations, bankruptcy, market value, actual notice, actual occupancy, actual pos-
civil actions, collateral estoppel, consolidation, construc- session, actual residence, actual use, actual value, actual
tion, criminal, declaratory judgments, easements, employ- waste, actually engaged in business, actually occupied, ac-
ment, federal actions, fidelity actions, frivolous actions, tually owing, actually owning, actually receive, fair, fair
garnishment, habeas corpus, labor law, landlord and ten- reasonable cash price, reasonable cash price
ant, lis pendens, mandamus, marital actions, municipal
actions, removal of actions, replevin, res judicata, sever- ACTUARY, noun calculator of insurance risks, compiler
ance of an action, splitting a cause of action, state actions, of tables of mortality, insurance advisor, statistician
summary proceedings, supplemental proceedings, venue ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: actuarial bureaus, actuarial solvency,
actuarial tables
ACTIVATE, verb accelerate, actuate, animate, boost,
drive, empower, energize, enliven, excite, excite to action, ACTUS REUS, noun actions, at fault, bearing, behavior,
impel, initiate, intensify, launch, maintain, motivate, origi- blamable, blameworthy, censurable, chargeable, condem-
nate, prompt, quicken, step up, stimulate, stir, urge nable, convicted, criminal, criminous, culpable, delinquent,
demeanor, deserving, deserving of blame, deserving re-
ACTIVE, adjective assiduous, at work, busily employed, proof, erring, external element of a crime, guilty act, imput-
busily engaged, busy, effective, effectual, efficacious, effi- able, in error, in the wrong, incriminated, indictable, man-
cient, energetic, enterprising, functioning, impiger, in a ners, mien, observance, of punishment, pattern, peccant,
state of action, in actual process, in operation, in practice, reprehensible, reproachable, reprovable, to blame, trans-
industrious, industrius, navus, operant, operating, per- gressing
forming, sedulous, trenchant, vigorous, working
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: active concealment, active negligence, ACUMEN, noun acuity, astuteness, caliber, clever-
active participant, active tort feasor, active trust, active ness, common sense, comprehension, discernment, dis-
wrongdoing, passive negligence, passive tort feasor cretion, discrimination, foresightedness, ingenuity, in-
sight, intelligence, intuition, judgment, keenness, mental
ACTIVITIES, noun actions, acts, affairs, arrangements, acuteness, mental capacity, perception, perspicacity, rea-
dealings, deals, doings, exchange, interests, matters, mea- son, sagacity, sense, sharpness, shrewdness, smartness,
sures, policy, practice, proceedings, relations, transactions, subtlety, wisdom
understandings, undertakings
ACUTE, adjective acer, acuminate, acutus, alert, apt,
ACTIVITY, noun assignment, campaign, cause, crusade, astute, aware, clear-sighted, critical, crucial, cutting, dis-
drive, endeavor, enterprise, function, interest, movement, cerning, fine, foreseeing, intense, intuitive, keen, keenly
operation, pursuit, undertaking, venture, work sensitive, knowledgeable, penetrating, perceptive, perspi-
cacious, perspicax, piercing, pointed, prompt, provident,
ACTOR, noun actor, aggrieved party, complainant, inter- prudent, quick-witted, sagax, sapient, sharp, sharp-edged,
vener, litigant, malcontent, man with a grievance, operator, sharp-witted, subtilis, trenchant, vivid
participant, party, performer, person, petitioner, plaintiff, qui facit
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: an actor as a witness in a prosecution, AD DAMNUM CLAUSE, noun claim for damages, de-
an actor in a legal proceeding manded damages, fixed amount of damages, monetary
clause, provision for damages
ACTS (Conduct), noun actions, bearing, behavior, de-
meanor, manners, mien, observance, pattern AD HOC, adjective extemporaneous, for the sake of,
for this case alone, improvised, in consideration of, on ac-
ACTS (Legislation), noun enactments, laws, provisions count of, special
of the law, statutes ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: ad hoc appointment, ad hoc committee
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: acts in emergencies, acts of Congress,
acts of insolvency, bills, case law, local ordinances, ordi- AD INFINITUM, adverb boundlessly, endlessly, eter-
nances, statutes nally, illimitably, immeasurably, incalculably, incomprehen-
sibly, indefinitely, indeterminately, innumerably, intermina-
ACTUAL, adjective absolute, accurate, as represented, bly, limitlessly, measurelessly, to infinity, without end
ascertained, authentic, authenticated, bona fide, categori-
cal, categorically true, certain, concrete, correct, de facto, AD INTERIM, adverb at the same time, during, during
decided, defined, definite, demonstrable, demonstrated, the interval, en attendant, for a time, for the time being, in
determinate, essential, exact, existent, existing, factual, the course of, in the interim, in the intervening time, in the
faithful, genuine, honest, in fact, ipse, literal, nonabstract, meantime, in the meanwhile, meantime, meanwhile, pend-
not fictitious, not imaginary, not merely supposed, objective, ing, throughout, till, until, when, while

13
 AD VALOREM

ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: ad interim copyright, ad interim re- ADDICT, noun adherent, ardent admirer, believer, crea-
straining order ture of habit, devotee, disciple, enthusiast, fan, fanatic,
fancier, follower, frequenter, partisan, practitioner, pursuer,
AD VALOREM, adjective according to value, ap- votary, zealot
praised, appraisement, assessable, assessment, charge,
chargeable, charged, dutiable, duty, evaluated, excisable, ADDICTED, adjective accustomed, attached, fanatic,
imposition, leviable, levy, ratable, taxation, valorization, given over, habituated, imbued with, in the habit, indul-
value added tax, valued at gent, obsessed with, prone to, rei deditus, surrendered to,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: ad valorem tax under the influence of, wedded to
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: addicted to alcohol, addicted to drugs,
ADAMANT, adjective callous, firm, frozen, hard-hearted, addicted to pills
immovable, immutable, implacable, inelastic, inexorable, in-
flexible, intractable, irreconcilable, merciless, obdurate, per- ADDITION, noun accessio, accession, accessory, ad-
sistent, pertinacious, resolute, rigid, stationary, stiff, stubborn, dend, addendum, additament, additive, adiectio, adjunct,
tough, unaffected, unalterable, unbending, uncompassionate, adjunction, annex, annexation, attachment, augmentation,
uncompromising, unfeeling, unmalleable, unmoved, unpli- complement, enlargement, extension, increase, increment,
able, unpliant, unrelenting, unyielding joining, pendant, subjunction, supplement
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: addition to a structure
ADAPT, verb acclimatize, accommodate oneself, adjust,
alter, aptare, arrange, change, comply with, conform, convert, ADDITIONAL, adjective accessory, added, additive,
correlate, fashion, fit, make conformable, make suitable, mod- additus, adiectus, another, appended, auxiliary, collateral,
ify, modulate, readjust, reconcile, regularize, render accordant, extra, further, included, joined, more, other, superadded,
revise, standardize, temper, transform, work a change supervenient, supplemental, supplementary, ulterior
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: additional assured, additional bur-
ADAPTABLE, adjective accommodating, accommoda- den, additional charges, additional compensation, addi-
tive, acquiescent, adaptive, adjustable, adroit, ambidex- tional consideration, additional coverage, additional du-
trous, amenable, applicable, bendable, buoyant, comform- ties, additional insured, additional relief, additional
able, complaisant, compliant, corrigible, deft, disposable, servitude
docile, ductile, elastic, fitting, flexible, governable, idone-
ous, in accord, in keeping, in line, in step, limber, lissome, ADDITIONALLY, adverb along with, also, as well as,
lithe, malleable, manageable, moldable, obedient, open to, besides, by the same token, conjointly, ditto, further, fur-
plastic, pliable, pliant, practical, resilient, sequacious, ser- thermore, in addition, in conjunction with, including, more
viceable, stretchable, submissive, suitable, suited, supple, than that, moreover, over and above, plus, similarly, then
tractable, tractile, usable, utilizable, versatile again, together with, together with that, too

ADAPTED, adjective able, absorbed, acclimated, accli- ADDITIVE, noun accrual, addendum, addition, adjunct,
matized, accommodating, accordant, accustomed, adapt- appurtenance, attachment, augmentation, enhancement,
able, adequate, adjustable, adjusted, agreed, apposite, ap- extension, increment, supplement
propriate, apt, becoming, befitting, capable, centralized,
combined, complaisant, compliant, conditioned, conform- ADDITUR, noun assessment of damages, increase of
able, congruous, consonant, correct, correlative, deft, effec- damages, increase of jury award
tive, embodied, familiarized, fit, fitting, flexible, harmonious,
integrated, malleable, opportune, pertinent, pliant, proper, ADDRESS, noun abode, box number, domicile, dwell-
qualified, seemly, suitable, suited, tempered, unified ing, dwelling place, habitation, headquarters, home, inhab-
itancy, inscriptio, legal residence, locus, lodging, lodging
ADD (Calculate), verb account, appraise, assess, audit, place, lodgment, place of business, residence, seat, street
compute, count, enumerate, estimate, evaluate, figure, number
measure, modify, reckon, suffix, sum, tally, total, valuate ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: business address, last known address,
local address, office address, post office address, residence
ADD (Combine), verb adjoin, affix, agglutinate, aject,
alter, annex, append, attach, cement, clip to, conjoin, con- ADDRESS (Direct attention to), verb apply oneself to,
nect, couple, fuse, glue, innovate, match, mix, pair, put approach, be occupied with, bring to attention, bring to
with, subjoin, superpose, tack on, unite, weld notice, call attention to, call to notice, concern oneself with,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: add a paragraph to a complaint, add a devote oneself to, direct to, occupy oneself with
party to action
ADDRESS (Petition), verb appeal, call upon, enter a
ADD (Heighten), verb broaden, contribute, enhance, ex- plea, enter a suit for, plead, prepare a complaint, prepare a
pand, extend, greaten, grow, increase, inflate, insert, widen formal request, prepare a petition, seek redress
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: address the court
ADD (Interject), verb express, include, inject, insert, inset,
interpose, introduce, intromit, mention, state, supplement ADDRESS (Talk to), verb deliver a talk, discourse, dis-
cuss, give a speech, harangue, hominem adloqui, lecture,
ADDENDUM, noun additament, addition, adjunct, affix, orate, preach, se rei dedere, sermonize, speak to
annex, annexation, annexe, appanage, appendage, appen-
dix, attachment, codicil, complement, concomitant, inclu- ADDUCE, verb adducere, advance, allege, allude, as-
sion, insertion, postscript, rider, subscript, supplement, sert, assign, aver, bring to the fore, claim, declare, disclose,
supplementation divulge, evidence, evince, furnish, give, indicate, intro-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: addendum to a contract, pocket part duce, manifest, mention, offer, place in the foreground,

14
 ADHESION

plead, present, produce, producere, proferre, proffer, pro- sufficient proof, sufficient proof of facts, validation of proof
pound, reveal, show, state of a case, verification of proof of a case
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: adduce evidence, adduce testimony ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: cause of action or claim, evidence,
evidential burden, failure to sustain, preponderance of the
ADDUCED, adjective acknowledged, added, ad- evidence, prima facie case, rebuttal
vanced, advocated, alleged, alluded, asserted, averred, FOREIGN PHRASES: Onus probani. Burden of proof.
avouched, avowed, brought forth, certified, cited, claimed,
contended, declared, divulged, enunciated, imparted, in- ADHERE (Fasten), verb agglutinate, anchor, attach, band
sisted, introduced, maintained, presented, proclaimed, together, cement, clamp, clasp, cling to, coalesce, cohere,
stated, supplemented compound, fuse, glue, hold fast, hold firmly, inhaerere, join,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: evidence adduced at trial latch, secure, stick to, stick together, tighten, unite

ADEEM, verb abnegate, abolish, abrogate, annul, avoid, ADHERE (Maintain loyalty), verb abide by, act in
cancel, declare null and void, deny, deprive of, disinherit, support, advocate, argue for, back, be devoted, be faith-
disseise, divest, make void, negate, nullify, obliterate, off- ful, be loyal, be partisan, be steadfast, be true, champion,
set, remove, render null and void, render void, repeal, re- comply, conform, deditum esse, defend, devote oneself,
pudiate, rescind, retract, revoke, take away, take back, take espouse, follow, give support, keep faith, obey, pay al-
from, vacate, void, withdraw legiance, preserve, show devotion, stand by, support,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: adeem a bequest, adeem a devise, uphold
adeem a gift, adeem a legacy
ADHERE (Persist), verb abide, be constant, be devoted,
ADEMPTION, noun abnegation, abolishment, abolition, be obstinate, be steadfast, be steady, be unyielding, carry
abrogation, annulment, cancellation, cancellation of a legacy, on, cling tenaciously, continue, endure, go to any lengths,
contravention, disclamation, discontinuance, disownment, go to the limit, have tenacity, hold on, hold tight, in re
dissolution, extinction, invalidation, negation, nullification, stare, keep going, keep on, maintain, manere, persevere,
recall, renouncement, renunciation, repeal, repudiation, re- persist in, pursue, show determination, stand firm, stick to,
scindment, rescission, retraction, revocation, revokement, sustain, work unceasingly
vacation, vacatur, voidance, withdrawal, withdrawment ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: adhere to the Constitution, adhere to
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: ademption of a bequest, ademption of the terms of a contract
a devise, ademption of a gift, ademption of a legacy, op-
eration of law, satisfaction ADHERE TO, verb acknowledge, comply, conform, ful-
fill, have regard to, head, keep, make a practice of, obey,
ADEPT, adjective able, accomplished, adroit, apt, artful, observe, pay attention to, pursue, regard, respect
capable, clever, competent, deft, dexterous, experienced,
expert, gifted, handy, ingenious, masterful, masterly, prac- ADHERENCE (Adhesion), noun attachment, bond, ce-
ticed, professional, proficient, qualified, sharp, skillful, mentation, coherence, cohesion, cohesiveness, concretion,
smart, sound, talented, trained, versed, well-skilled conglutination, connectedness, firmness, fixedness, hold-
ing together, sticking together, tenaciousness, tenacity, tie
ADEQUACY, noun ability, ableness, acceptability, admis-
sibility, caliber, capability, capacity, competence, compe- ADHERENCE (Devotion), noun allegiance, attachment,
tency, completeness, contentment, deftness, efficacy, effi- bona fide, bond, compliance, constancy, dedication, devot-
ciency, employability, fitness, proficiency, qualification, edness, faithfulness, fealty, fidelity, homage, loyalty, obedi-
satisfaction, satisfactoriness, sufficiency, utility, wherewithal, ence, observance, steadfastness, tenaciousness, tenacity,
usefulness tie, troth
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: adequacy of contents of pleadings, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: adherence to a contract, adherence to
adequacy of proof, competency the principles of the Constitution

ADEQUATE, adjective able, acceptable, accommoda- ADHERENT, adjective adhering, clinging, coherent,
tus, ample, aptus, availing, capable, commensurate, com- cohesive, gluey, glutinous, gummy, mucilaginous, sticking,
petent, effectual, enough, equal to the need, fair, fit, fully sticky, tenacious, viscid, viscous
sufficient, idoneus, proportionate, reasonable, reasonably
sufficient, satisfactory, satisfying, serving, sufficient, suffi- ADHERENT, noun abettor, accessory, accomplice, aco-
cient for the purpose, sufficing, suitable, valid lyte, advocate, aider, ally, approver, backer, champion,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: adequate administrative review, ade- companion, confederate, dependent, devotee, disciple, fol-
quate care, adequate cause, adequate consideration, ade- lower, helper, partisan, partner, patron, protégé, satellite,
quate notice, adequate remedy at law, adequate support, seconder, supporter, upholder
fair and adequate consideration
ADHESION (Affixing), noun adherence, adhesiveness,
ADEQUATE NOTICE, noun ample notice, commensu- agglomeration, agglutination, aggregation, attachment,
rate notice, fair notice, good notice, satisfactory notice, cementation, clinging, close contact, coadunation, coagula-
sufficient notice, suitable notice, valid notice tion, coherence, cohesion, cohesiveness, concretion,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: adequate care, adequate compensa- condensation, congelation, conglomeration, conglutina-
tion, adequate remedy at law, adequate security tion, conjunction, connection, consolidation, fusion, glutin-
osity, gumminess, gummosity, inseparability, inseparable-
ADEQUATE PROOF, noun adequate evidence, burden ness, iron grip, junction, prehension, solidification,
of going forward, burden of proof, legal responsibility, ob- stickiness, union, unity, viscidity, viscosity
ligation of going forward, sufficient corroboration, sufficient ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: contract of adhesion, unequal bar-
evidence in a case, sufficient evidence to establish a case, gaining power

15
 ADHESION

ADHESION (Loyalty), noun adherence, adherence to judgment, determine, determine finally, exercise judicial
duty, allegiance, alliance, ardor, association, attachment, authority, find, give judgment, hear, hear the case, hold
attention, bona fide, bond, close identification, commit- court, judge, make a decision, mediate, order, pass judg-
ment, conscientiousness, consecration, constancy, depend- ment, pass sentence, pronounce, referee, render judg-
ability, devotedness, devotion, devoutness, dutifulness, ment, rule, rule upon, settle, sit in judgment, try, try the
earnestness, faithfulness, fealty, fidelity, firmness, homage, cause
incorruptibility, integrity, obedience, reliability, resolution, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: adjudicate a juvenile delinquent, adju-
scrupulousness, sense of duty, sense of responsibility, ser- dicate a youthful offender, adjudicate an incompetent, ad-
vice, servitude, single-mindedness, staunchness, steadfast- judicate bankruptcy, adjudicate guilt, adjudicate innocence,
ness, strong connection, submission, submissiveness, sub- adjudicate insolvency, adjudicate jurisdictional questions,
servience, support, tenaciousness, tenacity, tie, troth, adjudicate liability
trueness, trustiness, trustworthiness, union, unswerving fi- FOREIGN PHRASES: Cessa regnare, si non vis judicare. Cease
delity, vote of confidence, willingness, zeal to reign, if you don’t wish to adjudicate. In propria causa
nemo judex. No one can be a judge in his own cause.
ADHESIVENESS, noun adhesion, coherence, cohesive-
ness, glutinosity, gumminess, stickiness, stick-to-itiveness, ADJUDICATION, noun act of judgment, adjudgment,
tackiness, toughness, viscidity, viscosity arbitrage, arbitrament, arbitration, authoritative decision,
award, conclusion, decision, declaration, decree, deliber-
ADJACENT, adjective abutting, adjoining, alongside, be- ate determination, determination, determination of is-
side, bordering, conterminous, contiguous, contiguus, continu- sues, disposition, edict, final determination, final judg-
ous, convergent, finitimus, juxtaposed, meeting, neighboring, ment, finding, irrevocable decision, judgment, judgment
next to, proximal, touching, verging on, vicinal, vicinus on facts, judicial decision, opinion, order, order of the
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: adjacent county, adjacent land, adja- court, proclamation, pronouncement, reasoned judg-
cent owners, adjacent property ment, res judicata, resolution, result, ruling, sentence,
settled decision, verdict
ADJECTIVE LAW, noun legal course to adhere to, legal ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: adjudication of a court of competent
methods, procedural law jurisdiction, adjudication of bankruptcy, adjudication of
guilt, adjudication of incompetency, adjudication of inno-
ADJOIN, verb abut on, adiacere, appose, attingere, be cence, adjudication of insolvency, adjudication of liability,
adjacent to, be contiguous to, be joined to, border on, co- adjudication on the merits, adjudication under law, adjudi-
here, conjoin, connect, converge, juxtapose, juxtaposit, lie cative facts, judicial assessment
beside, lie near to, meet, neighbor, place side by side, FOREIGN PHRASES: Novum judicium non dat novum jus, sed
reach to, stand by, tangere, touch declarat antiquum; quia judicium est juris dictum et
per judicium jus est noviter revelatum quod diu fuit
ADJOINER, noun addition to, appendage, attachment, velatum. A new adjudication does not promulgate a new
conjoiner, connection, convergence, subjoiner law, but declares the old; because adjudication is the utter-
ance of the law, and by adjudication the law is newly re-
ADJOURN, verb ampliare, continue, defer, delay, hold vealed which was for a long time hidden. Res judicata pro
in abeyance, hold over, intermit, keep pending, postpone, veritate accipitur. A thing which is adjudicated is ac-
prorogue, put off, recess, reserve, stop, suspend, terminate cepted or received for the truth.
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: adjourn a case, adjourn a proceeding,
adjourn for a session of the court, adjourn for the term of ADJUNCT, adjective accessory, addendum, addita-
the court, adjourn on consent, adjourned term ment, addition, appanage, appendage, augmentation,
auxiliary, branch, complement, component, corollary, ex-
ADJOURNMENT, noun adjournal, break, continuation, tension, subordinate part, supplement
deferment, dilatio, discontinuation, extension, hold-over, FOREIGN PHRASES: Sublato principali, tollitur adjunctum. By
intermission, interruption, moratorium, postponement, the removal of the principal thing, the adjunct is taken also.
prolongation, prorogation, protraction, recess, reservation,
respite, stay, suspension, termination ADJURATION, noun affirmation, attestation, averment,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: adjournment for a session, adjourn- avouchment, avowal, avowance, declaration, legal pledge,
ment for the term, adjournment in contemplation of dis- oath, pledge, solemn avowal, swearing, sworn statement,
missal, adjournment of a hearing, adjournment of a trial, testimony, vouching, vow
adjournment of the court, sine die
ADJURE, verb administer an oath, affirm, appeal to, ask,
ADJUDGE, verb addicere, adiudicare, adjudicate, arbi- attest, beseech, bid, bind, call, charge, command, conjure,
trate, award, conclude, decide, decree, deem, deliver judg- declare, enjoin, entreat, enunciate, exhort, express, formu-
ment, determine, dispense, dispense judgment, exercise late, implore, imprecate, petition, plead, pray, prescribe,
judgment, find, give an opinion, hold, judge, judicate, judi- press, pressure, promise, pronounce, request, require, set
cially determine, make a decision, order, pass judgment, down, solicit, state, swear, swear by, swear in, take a
pronounce formally, rule, sentence, settle, sit in judgment pledge, take oath on, urge, witness to
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: adjudge bankrupt, adjudge guilt, ad-
judge incompetent, adjudge innocence, adjudge insolvent, ADJUST (Regulate), verb accommodare, accommo-
adjudge liability date, adapt, aptare, attemper, balance, calibrate, coordi-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Res judicata pro veritate accipitur. A thing nate, establish equilibrium, even, methodize, moderate,
which is adjudicated is accepted or received for the truth. normalize, reset, restore equilibrium, stabilize, standardize,
strike a balance, systematize, temper, tune
ADJUDICATE, verb adjudge, arbitrate, award, award ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: adjust differences, adjusted, adjusted
judgment, conclude, decide, decree, deem, deliver cost basis, adjusted gross income

16
 ADMISSIBLE

ADJUST (Resolve), verb accord, amend, arrange, bring ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: administration of a bankrupt’s estate,
to agreement, change, clarify, complete, conclude, con- administration of an estate, administration of expenses,
form, correct, curb, emendate, fix, mitigate, rectify, re- administration of the laws, fair administration of justice,
dress, remedy, set, settle, solve, treat trust administration
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: adjust a claim FOREIGN PHRASES: Nihil infra regnum subditos magis con-
servat in tranquilitate et concordia quam debita legum
ADJUSTER, noun arbitrater, interagent, interceder, in- administratio. Nothing better preserves in tranquillity and
tercessor, interlocutor, intermediary, intermediate, interme- concord those subjected to the same government than the
diator, intermedium, intervener, mediator, negotiant, nego- due administration of the laws.
tiator, reconciler
ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE (Dispensation of law), noun
ADJUSTMENT, noun abatement of differences, accom- basic legal mechanism, criminal justice system, dispensation
modatio, accommodation, accord, accordance, adaptation, of fairness, dispensing of justice, doling out the law, ensuring
agreement, arrangement, attunement, bargain, binding propriety, equitableness, guaranty of equity, implementation
agreement, coaptation, compact, composition, compro- of law, reasonableness, rectitude, righteousness, rightfulness,
mise, concurrence, conformance, conformation, confor- sitting in judgment, uprighteousness, uprightness
mity, congruence, congruity, consistency, contract, coordi- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: appellate courts, county court, federal
nation, correction, covenant, disposition, harmony, mutual courts, justice courts, local courts, state courts
concession, mutual understanding, negotiation, pact, rec-
oncilement, reconciliation, rectification, regulating, settle- ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE (Tribunal), noun bar,
ment, stipulation, terms, understanding, uniformity bench, court system, forum, judicature, judicial forum, judi-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: adjusted basis, adjusted reserves, cial tribunal, law court, tribunal
adjustment of contracts, adjustment of loss, adjustments
in wills ADMINISTRATIVE, adjective directorial, guiding, man-
agerial, managing, ministerial, regulative, superintending,
ADJUVANT, adjective accessory, aiding, ancillary, as- supervising, supervisory
sistant, assisting, auxiliary, cooperative, helpful, helping, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: administrative act, administrative ac-
ministerial, obliging, serving, subservient, subsidiary tion, administrative agency, administrative board, adminis-
trative body, administrative capacity, administrative discre-
ADJUVANT, noun acolyte, adjutant, aid, aide-de-camp, tion, administrative function, administrative hearings,
ancillary, assistant, attendant, auxiliary, backer, coactor, co- administrative judges, administrative law, administrative
adjutant, colleague, confederate, copartner, help, helper, procedures, administrative proceeding, administrative pro-
helpmate, participant, partner, second, servant, subsidiary cess, administrative regulations, administrative remedy,
administrative rulings
ADMEASURE, verb administer, allocate, allot, appor-
tion, bestrew, broadcast, circulate, classify, diffuse, dis- ADMINISTRATOR, noun administrative head, chief ex-
pense, dispose, disseminate, distribute, divide, dole, issue, ecutive, curator, custodian, director, executive, guardian,
measure, mete, parcel out, partition, propagate, radiate, head of affairs, intendant, leader, legal representative, man-
set apart, share, sow, spread, systematize, tabulate ager, officer of the court, overseer, personal representative,
supervisor, supervisor of an estate, trustee
ADMINISTER (Conduct), verb administrate, carry out, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: administrator cum testamento annexo,
control, direct, dispose of, effect, effectuate, enforce, engi- administrator de bonis non, administrator de bonis non
neer, govern, guide, handle, have executive charge of, cum testamento annexo, administrator executor, adminis-
manage, mastermind, minister, officiate, operate, overlook, trator general, administrator pendente lite, administrator’s
oversee, pilot, prescribe, preside over, put in force, regu- bond, administratrix, administratrix general, ancillary ad-
late, rem administrare, rempublicam gubernare, settle, ministrator, executrix administrator ad prosequendum,
steer, superintend, supervise legal representative, supervisor of an estate
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: administer a bankrupt’s assets, admin-
ister an estate, administer the law ADMIRATION, noun acclaim, adoration, affection, af-
finity, appreciation, approbation, approval, attention, awe,
ADMINISTER (Tender), verb accord, afford, bestow on, commendation, credit, deference, devotion, esteem, esti-
confer, deal out, disburse, dispense, disperse, distribute, mation, favor, fondness, homage, honor, idolization, lion-
dole out, extend, give, impart, issue, measure out, mete ize, partiality, profound, regard, repute, respect, revere,
out, offer, provide with, render reverence, tribute, veneration, worship, worth
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: administer drugs, administer oaths
ADMISSIBILITY, noun acceptability, adequateness, al-
ADMINISTRATE, verb administer, captain, command, lowableness, applicability, appositeness, appropriateness,
conduct, control, direct, govern, head, lead, manage, offi- aptness, eligibility, fitness, justifiability, legality, legitimacy,
ciate, operate, preside, regulate, render, sit in judgment, permissibility, presentability, propriety, reasonability, sanc-
stand over, superintend, supervise tionability, sanctionableness, sufficiency, suitability, tolera-
bility, unexceptionability, unobjectionability, warrantability,
ADMINISTRATION, noun administratio, care, conduct, warrantableness
control, direction, dispensation, disposal, disposition, dis- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: affirmative evidence, confessions,
tribution, execution, executive charge, guardianship, guid- decedent’s statements, extrajudicial statements, hearsay,
ance, handling, keeping, management, ministration, over- objections, secondary evidence
sight, performance of executive duties, practical
management, procuratio, regulation, settlement of an es- ADMISSIBLE, adjective à propos, acceptable, aequus,
tate, superintendence, supervision allowable, allowed, applicable, appropriate, authorized, eligi-

17
 ADMISSIBLE EVIDENCE

ble, justifiable, legal, legitimate, licensed, passable, permissi- ingress, inlet, liberty of approach, opening, passage, passage-
ble, permitted, presentable, proper, qualified, sanctionable, way, path, portal, road, route, way
sanctioned, suitable, tolerable, unexceptionable, unforbidden,
unobjectionable, unprohibited, warrantable, warranted ADMITTED, adjective accepted, acknowledged, al-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: admissions of party-opponent, con- lowed, approved, avowed, believed, conceded, confessed,
fessions, declarations against interest, limited admissibility, credited, granted, prescriptive, professed, received, recog-
McNabb-Mallory rule, Miranda rule, nolo contendere, offer nized, trusted, undoubted, unquestioned
of proof, probative value, requests for admissions, second- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: admitted and marked as an exhibit,
ary evidence admitted culpability, admitted into evidence, admitted
wrongdoing
ADMISSIBLE EVIDENCE, noun acceptable evidence,
creditable evidence, legal evidence, permissible evidence ADMITTEDLY, adverb acceptedly, allowedly, assuredly,
authentically, authoritatively, avowedly, certainly, conced-
ADMISSION (Disclosure), noun acknowledgment, as- edly, confessedly, doubtlessly, genuinely, incontestably,
sertion, attestation, avowal, communication, concessio, incontrovertibly, indisputably, indubitably, irrefragably, ir-
concession, confession, declaration, divulgence, enlighten- refutably, surely, truly, undeniably, undoubtedly, unques-
ment, exposure, expression, profession, revealment, reve- tionably, validly, veritably
lation, statement, testimonial averment, testimony, un-
masking, unveiling, voluntary acknowledgment ADMIXTURE, noun amalgam, amalgamation, blend,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: acknowledged adversary’s claim, ad- coalescence, combination, commixture, composite, com-
mission against interest, admission against pecuniary inter- position, compound, integration, intermingling, intermix-
est, admission as an exemption to the hearsay rule, admis- ture, melange, mingling, mixture, pastiche
sion by conduct, admission by flight, admission implied ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: confusion of goods
from silence, admission in a pleading, admission in an an-
swer from a failure to deny, admission of a debt, admission ADMONISH (Advise), verb admonere, advocate, alert,
of a fact, admission of a party, admission of guilt, admission call attention to, charge, correct, counsel, enjoin, exhort,
of liability, admission to a crime, admission to bail, admis- give advice, give counsel, give notice, inform, instruct,
sions by a representative, declaration against interest, di- notify, offer counsel, prescribe, propound, recommend,
rect admissions, expression admissions, extrajudicial ad- submit, suggest, urge
missions, implied admission, incidental admissions,
inconsistent statement, judicial admissions, oral admis- ADMONISH (Warn), verb address a warning to, admin-
sions, plenary admissions, written admissions ister a rebuke, advise against, caution, censure, commo-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Qui non negat fatetur. He who does not nere, counsel against, dehort, deprecate, exhort, expostu-
deny admits. late, forebode, forewarn, give warning, monere, objurgate,
premonish, prewarn, rebuke, remonstrate, reprehend, rep-
ADMISSION (Entry), noun access, admittance, avenue, rimand, reprove, warn against
course, entrance, entryway, ingress, inlet, opening, pas-
sage, passageway, path, road, roadway, route, way ADMONITION, noun admonishment, advance notice,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: admission to bail, admission to prac- advice, alarm, animadversion, caution, caveat, censure,
tice law, admission to the bar commonition, contraindication, contrariety, contrary advice,
counsel, dehortation, deprecation, dissuasion, exhortation,
ADMISSION OF GUILT, noun avowal, concession, con- expostulation, foreboding, forewarning, hindrance, increpa-
fession, confessional, contrition, culpability, disclosure, mea tion, indication, instruction, intimidation, judicial reprimand,
culpa, owning up, penance, penitence, remorse, repen- monition, notice, notification, object lesson, objection, pro-
tance, sinfulness test, rebuke, reminder, remonstrance, reprimand, reproach,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: admissibility, coerced confession, tra- reprobation, reproof, signal, stricture, warning
ditional admissions
ADOLESCENCE, noun adulescentia, immaturity, junior-
ADMIT (Concede), verb accede, accept, acknowledge, ity, juvenility, minority, nonage, puberty, pubescence, pu-
acquiesce, affirm, agree, assent, concedere, concur, confess, erility, youth
confirm, declare, disclose, divulge, enlighten, expose,
fateri, grant, recognize, relate, reveal, unmask, unveil ADOLESCENT, noun junior, juvenile, minor, teenager,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: admit fault, admit in a reply, admit in young person, youngling, youngster, youth
an answer, admit liability, admit to probate
ADOPT, verb accept, ad sententiam, admit, adoptare,
ADMIT (Give access), verb adeundi copiam, admittere, affiliate, annex, appropriate, arrogate, assimilate, assume,
allow entrance, create an opening, give right of entry to, inau- attach oneself to, avail oneself of, borrow, choose, conform
gurate, induct, initiate, install, institute, invest, open a pas- to, constituere, co-opt, denizenize, elect, embrace, endeni-
sage, open a path, open a road, open a route, open an entry- zen, espouse, exercise one’s option, follow, foster, imitate,
way, open an inlet, throw open, vest, yield passage to make one’s own, naturalize, raise, seize, select, select as
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: admit to bail, admit to practice one’s own, take, take on, take possession of, take up, try,
usurp, utilize, vote to accept
ADMITTANCE (Acceptance), noun admission, confirma- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: adopt a child, adopt a law, adopt a
tion, designation, entrance, entree, entry, inclusion, induc- philosophy, legitimation, support
tion, initiation, permission
ADOPTION (Acceptance), noun acknowledgment, ad-
ADMITTANCE (Means of approach), noun access, admis- mission, approbation, approval, assimilation, assumption,
sion, approach, avenue, course, entrance, entry, entryway, attachment to, choice, co-optation, election, embracement,

18
 ADVANTAGE

espousal, favorable reception, ratification, reception, recog- marital infidelity, sexual unfaithfulness of a married person,
nition, sanction, selection unfaithfulness, unlawful carnal connection, unlawful carnal
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: adoption by estoppel, adoption of knowledge, unlawful carnality, violation of the marriage vows
a contract, adoption of a proposal, adoption of domicile, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: adultery by collusion, adultery by con-
arrogation nivance, condonation of adultery, criminal conversation,
dissolution of marriage, recrimination of an action of adultery
ADOPTION (Affiliation), noun adoptio, custody, foster-
age, guardianship, parentage, protection, protectorship, ADUMBRATION, noun blurry image, darkening, dim
wardship representation, dimming, faint resemblance, imperfect por-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: adoption decree, adoption petition, trayal, obfuscation, obscuration, uncertainty, vague outline
custody, foster care, foster parent, inheritance by adoption,
intestate succession, legitimation, legitimation of child, ADUMBRATIVE, adjective bleary, blurry, cloudy, dim,
parental rights, paternity proceedings, support, wards of foggy, hazy, ill-defined, indefinite, indistinguishable, misty,
the juvenile court nebulous, obscure, reflexive, shadowy, shrouded, uncer-
tain, unclear, unknown, unspecified, vague
ADOPTIVE, adjective adoptivus, appointive, choosing,
discretional, elective, preferential, selective ADVANCE (Allowance), noun accommodation, antici-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: adoptive father, adoptive mother, pated loan, cash payment, compensation, credit, defray-
adoptive parent, foster care, inheritance by adoptive par- ment, disbursement, emolument, expenditure, fee, giving
ents, inheritance from adoptive parents, intestate succes- beforehand, installment, investment, pay, payment before-
sion, parental rights, wards of the juvenile court hand, remuneration, subscription
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: advance as against profits, advance-
ADROIT, adjective adept, apt, artful, capable, clever, ment from an estate grant, future advances
competent, deft, efficacious, excellent, experienced, ex-
pert, fit, ingenious, practiced, proficient, qualified, re- ADVANCE (Increase), noun amplification, augmenta-
sourceful, responsible, skilled, trained, versed tion, elaboration, enhancement, enlargement, enrichment,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: effective handling of a case, effective- expansion, extension, improvement, increase, increment,
ness of counsel intensification, prolongation, protraction

ADULATE, verb acclaim, admire, applaud, approbate, ADVANCE (Progression), noun elevation, expedition,
approve, celebrate, commend, compliment, eulogize, facilitation, forward motion, forward movement, forward-
exalt, express, extol, flatter, glorify, idolize, laud, lionize, ing, headway, progress, progression, progressus, promo-
overpraise, pay tribute to, praise, salute tion, upsurge
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: advance payment, advance sheets,
ADULATION, noun admiration for, appreciation, appro- anticipatory repudiation, contract breached in advance
bation, blandishment, compliment, encomium, eulogy,
fawning, flattery, glorification, homage, honor, idolatry, ADVANCED (Elderly), adjective aged, along in years,
laudation, praise, sycophancy, toadyism ancient, old, senior, venerable

ADULT, noun adultus, elder, fully developed person, ADVANCED (Progressive), adjective contemporary, far
fully grown person, grown-up person, mature person, one ahead, forward-looking, modern, present-day, sophisti-
who has attained legal majority, person of age, person of cated, up-to-date, up-to-the-minute
voting age, pubes, senior
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: adult male, adult person, adult woman, ADVANCED NOTICE, noun announcement, declaration,
age of majority dispatch, forewarning, intelligence, notice, notification,
prediction, preliminary, pronouncement, prophecy, pro-
ADULTERATE, verb abase, adulterare, change for the spectus, publication, publicity, warning
worse, contaminate, corrumpere, corrupt, debase, debili-
tate, defile, degrade, denature, depreciate, deteriorate, ADVANCEMENT (Improvement), noun aggrandize-
devalue, devitalize, impair, infect, lessen, lower the stan- ment, amplification, betterment, development, elaboration,
dard, make impure, make lower in quality, mar, pervert, elevation, emendation, enlargement, expansion, further-
pollute, render spurious, spoil, taint, tamper with, vitiare, ance, gain, gradus amplior, growth, increase, progress,
vitiate, weaken progression, promotion, rise

ADULTERATED, adjective artificial, contaminated, cor- ADVANCEMENT (Loan), noun accommodation, ad-
rupted, debased, defiled, degraded, deteriorated, deval- vance, allowance, anticipation, concession, consideration,
ued, fraudulent, impaired, impure, infected, perverted, investment, realization in advance
polluted, spoiled, spurious, tainted, weakened ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: intestate succession, statute of distribution

ADULTERATION, noun contamination, corruption, ADVANTAGE, noun accommodation, aid, approval,

defilement, degradation, deterioration, fraudulence, im- ascendancy, asset, assistance, authority, avail, behoof, ben-
pairment, infection, perversion, pollution, spuriousness, efit, choice, convenience, dominance, easement, edge,
weakness eminence, expedience, favor, favorable opportunity, favor-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: drugs, food, purity of food ing circumstance, gain, good, head start, help, hold, im-
provement, influence, lead, leverage, mastery, odds, pa-
ADULTERY, noun adulterium, criminal unchastity, cuck- tronage, plus, position, power, precedence, predominance,
oldry, extramarital promiscuity, extramarital relations, illicit preeminence, preference, prestige, primacy, privilege,
intercourse, illicit love, illicit sexual intercourse, infidelity, profit, protection, resources, sake, sanction, success,

19
 ADVANTAGEOUS

superior situation, superiority, support, supremacy, sway, dreadful, harmful, hurtful, injurious, insalubrious, malefic,
upper hand, utility, welfare, worth maleficient, prejudicial, ruinous, scatheful, unadvisable,
unfavorable, unfortunate
ADVANTAGEOUS, adjective advisable, advised, amelio- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: adverse determination of the court, ad-
rative, auspicious, beneficial, constructive, effective, effectual, verse effect, adverse holding of the court, adverse interest
efficacious, expedient, favorable, fine, gainful, good, impor-
tant, invaluable, opportune, precious, productive, profitable, ADVERSE (Opposite), adjective adversus, antipodal, an-
promising, propitious, rare, rewarding, sensible, superior, tipodean, antithetical, antonymous, at variance, conflicting,
treasured, useful, valuable, while, worth conflictive, contradictory, contradistinct, contrapositive, con-
trariant, contrarious, contrarius, contrary, contrastable, con-
ADVENTITIOUS, adjective accidental, acquired, casual, verse, counter, counteractive, diametrically opposite, in-
circumstantial, external, extraneous, extrinsic, extroverted, verse, irreconcilable, obverse, reverse
foreign, fortuitous, incidental, outward, outward-looking, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: adverse action, adverse party
random, subordinate, subsidiary, transcendent, uninten-
tional, unwitting ADVERSE CIRCUMSTANCE, noun disadvantage, plight,
predicament, regrettable occurrence, unfavorable develop-
ADVENTURE, noun endeavor, enterprise, episode, ment, unfortunate situation
exercise, experience, exploit, happening, happenstance, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: agreements, contracts, impossibility
operation, quest, undertaking, venture
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: detour and adventure ADVERSE EVENT, noun adversity, calamity, casualty,
catastrophe, debacle, detriment, infliction, misfortune,
ADVENTURE, verb chance, endanger, hazard, imperil, plight, tragedy, trouble, unpropitious turn of events
jeopardize, risk, run the risk, stake, take a chance, venture
ADVERSE POSSESSION, noun acquisition, appropria-
ADVERSARY, adjective adversarius, adverse party, an- tion, assumption, attainment, obtainment, ownership, pro-
tagonist, competitor, contender, contestant, contester, corival, curement, proprietorship, recovery, seizure
disputant, dissentient, enemy, foe, litigant, opponent, op- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: adverse claim, adverse holding, ad-
poser, opposing party, oppositionist, oppugnant, resister, rival verse interest, adverse party, adverse user, adverse verdict,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: adversary parties, adversary proceeding adverse witness

ADVERSARY (Foe), noun adverse party, antagonist, ADVERSE TO (Hostile), adjective abhorrent to, against,
arch enemy, arguer, aspirant, assailant, bane, challenger, antagonistic to, antipathetic to, at odds with, clashing, con-
claimant, combatant, competitor, contender, contestant, flicting with, contra, contrary to, different, discordant to,
enemy, intervener, nemesis hostile to, inimical to, opposed to, repugnant to

ADVERSARY (Lawyer), noun opposing attorney, op- ADVERSE TO (Unfavorable), adjective calamitous, cat-
posing attorney-at-law, opposing counsel, opposing coun- astrophic, disastrous, harmful, inopportune, unfortunate,
selor, opposing litigator, opposing practitioner, opposite unlucky, unpropitious
side, opposition, other side
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: adversarial proceeding, adversarial ADVERSELY AFFECTED, adjective aggrieved, damaged,
setting, opposing party endamaged, harmed, hurt, ill-treated, impaired, inflicted
with injury, injured, wronged
ADVERSARY (Litigant), noun adverse party, appellant,
challenger, claimant, contender, contestant, defendant, ADVERSITY, noun adverse circumstances, adverse for-
disputant, intervener, legal adversary, legal opponent, liti- tune, affliction, bale, calamitas, calamity, catastrophe,
gant, litigator, opposing party, opposite disputant, oppo- contretemps, difficulty, disaster, distress, hardship, injuri-
site party, opposite side, participant, party, party to a suit, ousness, injury, misadventure, mischance, miseria, misfor-
personage, petitioner, plaintiff, pleader, respondent, the tune, mishap, oppression, perdition, res adversae, ruin-
defense ation, ruinousness, setback, suffering, tragedy, visitation

ADVERSE (Hostile), adjective antagonistic, antagonisti- ADVERT, verb affirm, articulate, assert, asservate, aver,
cal, deprecatory, disagreeable, discordant, disinclined, comment, communicate, convey, declare, express, heed,
disobedient, dissuasive, fractious, inauspicious, indis- mark, mention, mind, note, notice, recite, recognize, re-
posed, infensus, inimical, intolerant, opposed, recalci- consider, remark, review, speak, take cognizance of, take
trant, renitent, repugnant, resistive, restive, uncoopera- into consideration, tell, utter, verbalize, vocalize, voice
tive, unfriendly, unpropitious, unreconciled, untoward,
unwilling ADVERTENCE, noun assertion, attention, averment,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: adverse claim, adverse effect, adverse comment, commentary, declaration, diligence, exclamation,
enjoyment of property, adverse interest, adverse posses- expression, interjection, mention, note, notice, observation,
sion, adverse use, adverse user, adverse witness pronouncement, recitation, regard, thought, utterance, word
FOREIGN PHRASES: Longa possessio parit jus possidendi, et
tollit actionem vero domino. Long possession creates the ADVERTISE, verb advise, announce, apprise, attract,
right of possession, and ripens into a right of action against broadcast, circularize, circulate, communicate, describe,
the real owner. disseminate, divulge, exhibit, expose, feature, flourish,
focus the attention, headline, herald, inform, notice, notify,
ADVERSE (Negative), adjective afflictive, calamitous, placard, post, proclaim, proffer, promote, promulgate,
catastrophic, corrosive, deleterious, destructive, detrimen- publish, push, report, rumor, spotlight, spread, throw the
tal, dire, disadvantageous, disastrous, disserviceable, spotlight on, transmit, trumpet, warn, whisper

20
 AFFECTION

ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: deceptive advertising practices, false counsel learned in the law, counselor-at-law, defender,
advertisement, unfair trade practices friend at court, friend in court, interagent, interceder, inter-
cessor, interlocutor, intermediary, intermediate, intermedi-
ADVICE, noun advisement, advocacy, communication ate agent, intermediator, intermedium, internuncio, inter-
of knowledge, consilium, counsel, direction, guidance, in- vener, interventionist, interventor, jurisconsult, jurist, justifier,
formation, instruction, legal counsel, notice, notification, lawyer, learned counsel, legal advisor, legal practitioner, legal
opinion, prompting, proposal, proposition, recommenda- representative, legate, legist, maintainer, man of law, media-
tion, rede, suggestion, view, warning tor, medium, member of the legal profession, mover, nego-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: advice of counsel, privilege tiant, negotiator, one called to the bar, paraclete, patron,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Incivile est, nisi tota lege perspecta, una patronus, pleader, proctor, prompter, protector, represen-
aliqua particula ejus proposita, judicare, vel respond- tative, seconder, solicitor, spokesman, spokeswoman, sua-
ere. Unless the entire law has been examined, it is im- sor, upholder, votary
proper to pass judgment upon a single portion of it. Nemo
ex consilio obligatur. No one is obligated as a conse- ADVOCATE (Espouser), noun abettor, adherent, apolo-
quence of giving advice. Simplex commendatio non ob- gist, auctor, backer, champion, countenancer, defender, en-
ligat. A mere recommendation is not binding. courager, exponent, expounder, favorer, maintainer, partisan,
patron, promoter, propagandist, propagator, proponent,
ADVICE OF COUNSEL, noun advice of legal counsel, seconder, sectary, spokesman, spokeswoman, support, sup-
communication of legal knowledge, recommendation of porter, sympathizer, upholder, votary
counsel, rendering of legal advice, representation ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: advocate the abolishment of the death
Generally: advisement, consultation, direction, guidance, sentence, advocate the commission of a crime, advocate
opinion the overthrow of government

ADVISABLE, adjective acceptable, advantageous, ad- ADVOCATE, verb advise, allege in support, approve,
visory, appropriate, becoming, befitting, commendable, argue for, assert, back, champion, commend, consent, con-
congruous, desirable, expedient, favorable, feasible, fit, fit- tend for, counsel, defend, endorse, espouse, exhort, favor,
ting, judicious, opportune, profitable, proper, prudent, give advice, plead for, plead in favor of, plead one’s case,
recommendable, seemly, sensible, suitable, wise, worthy plead one’s cause, prescribe, promote, prompt, propose,
propound, recommend, sanction, second, speak in favor
ADVISE, verb advocate, alert, apprise, auctorem esse, of, suadere, subscribe to, suggest, support, uphold, urge
caution, coach, communicate, confer with, consiliari, con- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: advocate the commission of a crime,
silium dare, consult with, convey, counsel, direct, en- advocate the overthrow of government
lighten, express, familiarize, forewarn, give advice, give an
opinion, give counsel, give information, give notice, give AEGIS, noun advocacy, aid, auspices, backing, care,
one to understand, give suggestions, give warning, guide, championship, countenance, custody, defense, encourage-
homini suadere, impart, inform, intimate, make known, ment, fosterage, guaranty, guard, guidance, influence, in-
mention, notify, offer an opinion, offer counsel, opine, pre- terest, patronage, protection, safeguard, safekeeping, shel-
scribe, propose, recommend, remind, represent, reprove, ter, shield, sponsorship, support, surety, tutelage
submit, suggest, warn
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: advisory opinion, declaratory judgment AESTHETIC, adjective artistic, cultured, discriminative,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Consilia multorum quaeruntur in mag- ornamental, refined, tasteful
nis. The advice of many are required in affairs of magnitude.
AFFAIR, noun activity, adventure, avocation, circum-
ADVISOR, noun advocate, agent, ally, attorney, backer, stance, duty, employment, enterprise, event, function,
cabinet, champion, cohort, confidant, consigliore, consul- happening, incident, interest, matter, occasion, occupa-
tant, counsel, counselor, defender, espouser, friend, guide, tion, occurrence, profession, pursuit, subject, transaction,
interceder, legal advisor, legal practitioner, mentor, negotia- undertaking, work
tor, patron, promoter, protector, representative, spokesper-
son, supporter AFFAIRS, noun activities, concerns, interests, matters,
proceedings, pursuits, topics, transactions
ADVISORY, adjective cautionary, communicatory, con-
sulting, counseling, directing, enlightening, expressive of AFFECT, verb act on, adficere, bear upon, cause to alter,
opinion, guiding, inducive, instructing, recommendatory, cause to vary, change, commovere, conduce, exert influ-
suggesting ence, have an effect upon, have influence, impress, induce,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: advisory board, advisory opinion, ad- influence, introduce a change, make a change, play a direct
visory referendum part, prevail upon, produce a change, produce an effect,
superinduce, tangere, transfigure, work a change, work upon
ADVOCACY, noun active espousal, advancement, ad- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: affect an action, affected with public
vice, aid, approbation, approval, assistance, auspices, back- interest, affecting a substantial right
ing, championship, constructive criticism, countenance,
defense, encouragement, endorsement, forceful persua- AFFECTING, adjective affected, agitating, altering,
sion, furtherance, guidance, help, intercession, interest, changing, emended, exciting, inviting, modifying, moving,
patronage, plea, praise, promotion, recommendation, potent, provocative, provoking, stirring, touching, trans-
sanction, seconding, sponsorship, subscription, suggestion, forming
support, vindication, vouching, warranting
AFFECTION, noun admiration, adoration, amorous-
ADVOCATE (Counselor), noun advisor, apologist, at- ness, ardor, attachment, closeness, devotion, enchant-
torney, attorney-at-law, barrister, barrister-at-law, champion, ment, endearment, excitation of feeling, fancy, feeling,

21
 AFFIANT

fervency, fervor, firm attachment, fondness, fullness of connection, consanguinitas, consanguinity, family, family
heart, inclination, infatuation, kindness, love, mutual at- connection, filiation, heritage, kindred, kinship, lineage,
traction, partiality, passion, penchant, pietas, popular re- linkage, necessitudo, offspring, parentage, propinquitas,
gard, predisposition, proneness, regard, sentiment, senti- relation, relation by blood, relationship, tribe
mental attachment, sentimentality, state of excitement, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: challenge to a prospective juror based
tender feeling, tender passion, tenderness, understanding, on affinity
warmth, zealous attachment FOREIGN PHRASES: Affinis mei affinis non est mihi affinis.
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: alienation of affection One who is related by marriage to a person who is related
to me by marriage has no affinity to me.
AFFIANT, noun attestant, attester, deponent, signer,
subscriber, swearer, testifier, voucher AFFINITY (Regard), noun affection, attachment, attrac-
tion, closeness, concern, devotion, fondness, friendliness,
AFFIDAVIT, noun affirmation under oath, assertory oath, friendship, good will, inclination, liking, love, natural liking,
attested statement, averment, avouchment, avowal, avow- partiality, predilection, proclivity, propensity, sympathy,
ance, confirmation under oath, declaration under oath, evi- tenderness
dence on oath, instrument in proof, solemn affirmation,
statement, statement under oath, sworn evidence, sworn AFFIRM (Claim), verb assert, asseverate, aver, declare
statement, testification under oath, testimonium per tabu- to be fact, enunciate, establish, express, make a positive
las datum, voluntary attestment under oath, written decla- statement, make an assertion, proclaim, profess, pro-
ration upon oath, written statement under oath nounce, state, state positively, state with conviction
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: affidavit of defense, affidavit of de-
mand, affidavit of judicial power, affidavit of merit, affidavit AFFIRM (Declare solemnly), verb asseverate, attest, aver,
of service, affidavit to advise the court of a right or on an avouch, avow, depone, depose, give oral evidence, give
issue, affidavit to hold to bail, affirmation, verified deposi- sworn evidence, give verbal evidence, make a solemn dec-
tion, verified pleading laration, make an asseveration, make an attestation, make
an averment, pronounce, take one’s oath, testify, vouch
AFFILIATE, noun arm, assistant, associate, auxiliary, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: affirm a contract
branch, branch organization, chapter, colleague, compo- FOREIGN PHRASES: Affirmanti, non neganti incumbit pro-
nent, division, offshoot, subdivision, subsidiary, wing batio. The proof is borne by the person who affirms, rather
than the person who denies. Affirmantis est probare. He
AFFILIATE, verb ally, associate, attach, belong to, bring who is affirming must prove. Ei incumbit probatio, qui
into close connection, bring into close relation, cement a dicit, non qui negat; cum per rerum naturam factum
union, confederate, connect, consociate, embrace, federal- negantis probatio nulla sit. The burden of proof lies upon
ize, federate, form a connection, join, join forces, join to- him who asserts it, not upon him who denies; since by the
gether, make common cause, pertain to, relate to, unite nature of things, he who denies a fact cannot produce any
proof of it.
AFFILIATED, adjective allied, associated, closely allied,
closely related, confederated, connected, coupled, feder- AFFIRM (Uphold), verb adfirmare, approve, authenti-
ated, incorporated, intimately allied, intimately related, cate, certify, confirm, confirmare, endorse, establish, make
joined with, leagued, linked, related, united firm, ratify, substantiate, support, sustain, validate, verify,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: affiliated association, affiliated company, vouch for, warrant
affiliated corporation, affiliated firm, affiliated organization ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: affirm a judicial decision, affirm on ap-
peal, affirmed in part, affirmed in whole
AFFILIATION (Amalgamation), noun aggregation, alli-
ance, association, centralization, coalition, combination, AFFIRMANCE (Authentication), noun acknowledg-
confederacy, confederation, consortium, corporation, em- ment, assertion, assurance, attestation, certification, con-
bodiment, federation, fusion, integration, league, merger, firmation, countersignature, declaration, endorsement,
unification, union, unity, voluntary association establishment, predication, pronouncement, ratification,
substantiation, validation, verification
AFFILIATION (Bloodline), noun agnation, ancestry, ap- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: affirmance of a contract, confirmation
parentation, blood relation, blood relationship, common of a judgment, ratification of a voidable contract
derivation, consanguinity, descent, family, family connec- FOREIGN PHRASES: Posito uno oppositorum, negatur al-
tion, family tie, filiality, filiation, heredity, kindred, kinfolk, terum. By the establishment of one of two opposite propo-
kinship, kinsmen, line of descent, lineage, next of kin, origin, sitions, the other one is denied.
parentage, relation, relationship, ties of blood, ties of race
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: affiliation proceedings, paternity pro- AFFIRMANCE (Judicial sanction), noun acceptance, ac-
ceedings quiescence, assent, concord, concordance, countersigna-
ture, endorsement, legal approval, legal authorization,
AFFILIATION (Connectedness), noun alignment, apposite- legal ratification, subscription
ness, apposition, association, band of union, bond, coaction, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: affirmed without opinion, en banc af-
coadjuvancy, coalition, colleagueship, combination, concert, firmance, unanimous affirmance
conjunction, connection, consociation, copartnership, co-
working, friendly association, implication, inclusion, intimate AFFIRMANCE (Legal affirmation), noun absolute as-
connection, involvement, joint enterprise, link, linkage, mem- sertion, adjuration, assertory oath, asseveration, attestation,
bership, participation, partnership, relation, relationship averment, avouchment, avowal, evidence on oath, legal
evidence, legal pledge, oral evidence, positive declaration,
AFFINITY (Family ties), noun affiliation, ancestry, blood positive statement, pronouncement, proposition, solemn
relative, brethren, clan, cognation, common ancestry, averment, solemn avowal, statement on oath, sworn

22
 AFORESTATED

evidence, testimony, verbal evidence, written evidence ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: affix a seal to an instrument, affix a
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: affirmation of a statement signature, affix exhibits to a pleading, affix process to the
door
AFFIRMANT, noun affirmer, apprizer, attestant, attesta-
tor, attester, confirmist, deponent, one who testifies under AFFLICT, verb agonize, anguish, assault, bruise, burden,
oath, testifier, voucher chasten, discommode, discompose, disquiet, distress,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: affidavit, affirmation, deponent, oath, grate, harm, hurt, impair, infect, inflict, irritate, mistreat,
perjury pain, plague, punish, rasp, sicken, smite, strike, victimize

AFFIRMATION, noun absolute assertion, acknowledg- AFFLICTION, noun adversity, agony, bereavement,
ment, acquiescence, adfirmatio, adjurement, affirmance, burden, calamity, casualty, catastrophe, curse, destruction,
approval, assertion, assertory oath, asseveration, attest, at- deterioration, disability, disease, disorder, encumbrance,
testation, authentication, averment, avouchment, avowal, evil, hardship, illness, indisposition, infirmity, misadven-
certification, confirmation, declaration, deposition, en- ture, mischance, misfortune, mishap, ordeal, suffering,
dorsement, establishment, factual statement, formal decla- tragedy, trouble, unhappiness
ration, legal evidence, legal pledge, oath, oath-giving,
oath-taking, positive statement, predication, profession, AFFORD, verb aid, arrange, assist, avail, extend, fur-
pronouncement, ratification, solemn affirmation, solemn nish, give, offer, provide, supply, support, sustain, tender
averment, solemn avowal, solemn declaration, statement,
statement on oath, substantiation, swearing, sworn evi- AFFORDABLE CARE ACT, noun federal health care law,
dence, sworn statement, testification, testimonial, testimo- health care act, health care coverage, health care reform,
nium, testimony, validation, verification HR 3962, insurance reform, medical care laws, "Obamacare"
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: affirmation of fact, affirmation to a will,
attorney’s affirmation AFFRAY, noun agitation, altercation, battle, brabble,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Affirmatio unius exclusio est alterius. brawl, brush, clash, combat, commotion, conflict, contesta-
The affirmance of one thing is the exclusion of the other. tion, disturbance, embroilment, encounter, fight, fisticuffs,
fracas, fray, free fight, hand-to-hand fight, melee, passage at
AFFIRMATION UNDER OATH, noun affidavit, attesta- arms, pugna, rixa, row, scrimmage, scuffle, set-to, skir-
tion, authentication, avouchment, certification, declaration, mish, sortie, squabble, struggle, tumult, tumultuous as-
deposition, sworn evidence, verification sault, tumultus, turmoil, tussle, violence
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: perjury, sworn affidavit
AFFRONT, verb afflict, aggrieve, antagonize, be offen-
AFFIRMATIVE, adjective absolute, affirmatory, categor- sive, be rude, cause dislike, cause offense, chafe, discon-
ical, certain, confirmative, confirmatory, convinced, de- cert, disdain, disoblige, disquiet, distress, disturb, embit-
cided, persuaded, positive, sure, undoubting, unqualified ter, encounter, gall, give offense to, grieve, hurt the
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: affirmative action, affirmative action feelings, ill-treat, insult, irritate, make angry, offend,
for past discrimination, affirmative action in hiring, affirma- pique, rankle, scorn, slight, snub, sting, vex, wound the
tive allegation, affirmative authorization, affirmative charge, feelings, wrong
affirmative covenant, affirmative defense, affirmative ease-
ment, affirmative negligence, affirmative plea, affirmative AFOREDESCRIBED, adjective above-mentioned, ante-
proof, affirmative relief, affirmative showing, affirmative cedent, anterior, before-mentioned, inaugural, preceding,
statute, affirmative warranty, affirmative wrongdoing precursory, preliminary, prior

AFFIRMATIVE ACTION, noun effort to correct past in- AFOREGOING, adjective above-mentioned, antecedent,
justices, means to right the wrongs of the past, plan to anterior, before-mentioned, earlier, inaugural, last referred to,
make up for unfairness in the past, positive steps to correct preceding, precursory, preliminary, previous, prior
past discrimination
Generally: fairness, just treatment, opportunities, remedial AFOREHAND, adjective above-mentioned, antecedent,
change anterior, before-mentioned, inaugural, last referred to, pre-
Specifically: plan for increased representation for minorities, ceding, precursory, preliminary, prior
plan for increased representation for women, racial quotas
AFOREMENTIONED, adjective above-mentioned, ante-
AFFIRMATIVE ACTION, noun gender, implementa- cedent, anterior, before-mentioned, inaugural, last referred
tion of the means to achieve nondiscrimination, method to to, last said, preceding, precursory, preliminary, prior
address a disparate impact, method to address past injus-
tices, positive discrimination, religion, sexual orientation or AFORESAID, adjective above-mentioned, aforecited,
national origin, the means to address discrimination with aforedescribed, aforegiven, aforegoing, aforementioned,
regard to color, the means to address inequality, to pro- aforenamed, aforestated, already mentioned, already said,
vide redress to an underrepresented group, tool to redress antecedent, anterior, before-mentioned, beforesaid, fore-
historic injustices going, forenamed, former, introductory, mentioned, men-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: hiring practices, minority rights, past tioned previously, named, precedent, preceding, precur-
discrimination, promotion, quotas sive, precursory, preexistent, preluding, prelusory,
prevenient, previous, previously specified, prior, recited,
AFFIX, verb add, adfigere, adhere, adjoin, adligare, said, said in a preceding part, specified
adnectere, agglutinate, annex, append, attach, bind, co-
here, combine, conjoin, connect, couple, enclose, fasten, AFORESTATED, adjective above-mentioned, anteced-
fix, incorporate, insert, join, link, put together, secure, sub- ent, anterior, before-mentioned, inaugural, last referred to,
join, supplement, unite last said, preceding, precursory, preliminary, prior

23
 AFORETHOUGHT

AFORETHOUGHT, adjective beforehand, calculated, FOREIGN PHRASES: Actus me invito factus non est meus
contrived, contrived in advance, deliberate, designed, in- actus. An act done against my will is not my act. Qui
tended, planned, planned beforehand, prearranged, precon- facit per alium facit per se. He who acts through an-
ceived, preconsidered, predeliberated, predetermined, other acts himself. Qui mandat ipse fecissi videtur. He
premeditated, prepared, prepense, preresolved, previ- who orders or commands is deemed to have done the
ously in mind, purposed, purposive, reflective, studied, thing himself. Quod per me non possum, nec per alium.
well-considered, with forethought What I cannot do myself, I cannot do through the agency
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: malice aforethought of another. Vicarius non habet vicarium. A vicar has no
deputy.
AFRAID, adjective affrighted, alarmed, anxious, appre-
hensive, cautious, distrustful, dreading, fearful, frightened, AGENDA, noun blueprint, business, business affairs,
haunted by fear, leery, nervous, scared, shrinking, terrified, business on hand, calendar, docket, items of business, legal
terror-stricken, timid, timorous, uneasy program, main business, matters to be attended to, order,
order of the day, plan, planning, procedure, program of
AFTERMATH, noun after-effect, aftergrowth, by-prod- business, program of operation, proposal, proposed action,
uct, consequence, development, effect, end, event, glean- proposition, schedule, schedule of affairs, scheme
ings, issue, offshoot, outcome, outgrowth, result, sequel,
subsequence, succession, turnout, upshot AGENT, noun alternate, appointee, assistant, delegate,
emissary, envoy, functionary, go-between, intermediary,
AGAIN, adverb additionally, afresh, anew, consistently, intermediate, intermedium, mediary, medium, middleman,
continuously, endlessly, evermore, infinitum, invariably, negotiant, negotiator, procurator, proxy, representative,
moreover, often, once again, over again, perpetually, re- solicitor, substitute
allege, recurrently, repeatedly, then too ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: agent to accept process, authorization
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: repeat and reallege each of the allega- of an agent, bailee, common agent, employee, escrow
tions contained in a complaint agent, general agent, implied agent, independent contrac-
tor, insurance broker, joint venture, managing agent, mas-
AGAINST (On), adjective adjoining, alongside, at- ter-servant relationship, owner-operator relationship, part-
tached to, beside, close to, contiguous, leaning on, lie on, nership, principal-agent relationship, real estate agent, real
near to, nearby to, next to, right up to estate broker, special agent, subagents, undisclosed
agency, warranty of authority
AGAINST (Opposite), adjective conflicting, contra, con- FOREIGN PHRASES: Idem agens et patiens esse non potest. A
tradictory, contrary, contrast, diametrical, hostile, on the person cannot be at the same time the person acting and
opposite side, opposed, oppugnant, resistant, versus the person acted upon. Delegatus non potest delegare. A
representative cannot delegate his authority. Qui facit per
AGAINST ONE’S WILL, adjective against, coerced, alium facit per se. He who acts by or through another acts
commanded, compelled, constrained, enforced, extorted, for himself.
forced, imperative, imposed, inescapable, inevitable, inex-
orable, levied, mandatory, obligatory, opposed, preemp- AGGLOMERATION, noun accumulation, agglomerate,
tory, prescriptive, prescriptory, pressured, required, un- agglutination, aggregate, aggregation, amassment, assem-
avoidable, unconsenting, unwilling blage, cluster, coagulation, collection, congeries, conglom-
erate, conglomeration, consolidation, cumulation, glomera-
AGE, noun aetas, date, duration of existence, eon, tion, mass, pile, solidification
epoch, era, interval of years, longevity, maturity, period,
seniority, stage of life, term of life, time of life, vintage, AGGRANDIZEMENT, noun accession, advancement,
years amplification, augmentation, boom, broadening, deifica-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: age of consent, age of majority, legal tion, dignification, elevation, embellishment, eminence,
age, statutory age enablement, enhancement, enlargement, enshrinement,
enthronement, exaggeration, exaltation, expansion, ex-
AGENCY (Commission), noun administration, authority, tension, gain, glorification, greatness, growth, heighten-
bureau, charge, command, committee, control, delegation, ing, honor, inflation, immortalization, largeness, lionizing,
department, office magnification, overstatement, preferment, promotion,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: administrative agency, governmental widening
agency
AGGRAVATE (Annoy), verb acerbate, aggrieve, annoy,
AGENCY (Legal relationship), noun activity, appoint- bother, cause pain, chafe, dismay, disturb, enrage, envenom,
ment, assignment, authority, care, charge, command, com- exasperate, excite, give pain, hurt, incense, inflame, infuri-
mission, conduct, conduct of affairs, control, delegation, ate, injure, irk, irritate, madden, miff, nettle, offend, pain,
deputation, derivative authority, direction, dominion, duty, pique, provoke, rankle, ruffle, sour, sting, trouble, vex
employ, employment, function, governance, handling, in- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: aggravating circumstances
strumentality, intermediation, intervention, jurisdiction,
management, mandate, mission, procuracy, procuration, AGGRAVATE (Exacerbate), verb add to, add weight to,
proxy, quest, representation, responsibility, role, service, amplify, augment, complicate, deepen, deteriorate, further,
services, superintendence, supervision, task, trust heighten, impair, increase, intensify, magnify, make more
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: actual agency, agency by estoppel, offensive, make more serious, make more severe, make
agency coupled with an interest, agency of necessity, deed worse, render less excusable, render less tolerable, render
of agency, exclusive agency, express agency, general worse, worsen
agency, implied agency, scope of the agency, undisclosed ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: aggravated assault, aggravating cir-
agency, vicarious liability cumstances

24
 AGREEABLE

AGGRAVATING FACTOR, noun a factor that increases AGGRIEVED (Victimized), adjective adversely affected,
the level of an offense, a factor that increases the severity cheated, damaged, defrauded, fleeced, harrassed, harried,
of an offense, a harmful factor, aggravating circumstance, ill-used, imposed upon, injured, justly complaining,
attendant aggravating circumstance misserved, offended, oppressed, persecuted, taken advan-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: imposition of a crime tage of, wronged

AGGRAVATION (Annoyance), noun complication, diffi- AGITATE (Activate), verb actuate, arouse, coax, elec-
culty, distress, frustration, grievance, harassment, inconve- trify, energize, excite, exhort, ferment, foment, goad,
nience, irritant, irritation, nuisance, ordeal, pressure, provo- impel, incite, induce, inflame, influence, inspire, inspirit,
cation, strain, stress instigate, irritate, kindle, persuade, prompt, provoke, roil,
rouse, spur, stimulate, stir up, urge on
AGGRAVATION (Exacerbation), noun agitation, amplifi-
cation, augmentation, deepening, enlargement, excitation, AGITATE (Perturb), verb alarm, concern, discomfort,
fomentation, heightening, increase, inflammation, intensifi- disconcert, dismay, displease, disquiet, disturb, fluster, fret,
cation, magnification, stimulation, worsening jar, perplex, perturbate, shake up, throw into confusion,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: aggravated assault, aggravation of a trouble, unsettle, upset, worry
crime, aggravation of damages, aggravation of injury, ag-
gravation of the disability AGITATE (Shake up), verb convulse, disarrange, di-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Omne crimen ebrietas et incendit et de- shevel, disorder, impart motion to, mix, mix up, put in
tegit. Drunkenness both inflames or aggravates and uncov- motion, ruffle, stir, throw out of order, tousle, tumble
ers every crime.
AGONIZE, verb anguish, belabor, bemoan, devote
AGGREGATE, noun agglomerate, aggregation, amount, painstaking effort, dread, examine painstakingly, fret, labor,
assemblage, assembly, body, collection, conglomeration, labor over, lament, languish, overexert, pour over, slave
entire number, entire quantity, entirety, gross, gross over, strain, strive, study at great length, study seriously,
amount, indissoluble entity, indivisible entity, mass, sum, suffer, take great pains, travail, trouble over, worry over
sum total, total, totality, whole
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: aggregate corporation, aggregate in- AGREE (Comply), verb accede, accept, accommodate,
come, combine accord, acknowledge, acquiesce, adapt, adjust differences,
adopt, allow, approve, assent, avow, be accordant, be at
AGGREGATE, verb accumulate, acquire, add together, one with, be in harmony with, be in unison, be willing,
agglomerate, aggroup, amass, amount to, assemble, bring coincide, come to an understanding, come to terms, com-
together, build up, clump, cluster, collect, collect into a ply with, componere, concede, concinere, concord, concur,
mass, colligate, compile, conglomerate, cumulate, gather, confirm, congruere, consent, cooperate, correspond, fit,
gather together, group, integrate, join, mass, total, unite give assent, give consent, homologate, ratify, reconcile,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: aggregate claims settle, subscribe to, suit, understand, unite, yield assent
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: agreed case, agreed order, agreed
AGGREGATION, noun accumulation, adhesion, affilia- statement of facts
tion, agglomeration, aggregate, amassment, body, collec-
tion, combination, company, compilation, composite, com- AGREE (Contract), verb adjust differences, arrive at a
position, concentration, conglomeration, congregation, settlement, bargain, bring into concord, come to an agree-
consolidation, corpus, cumulation, force, gathering, group, ment, come to an understanding, come to terms, compro-
hoard, incorporation, mass, multitude, organization, selec- mise, consent, consentire, constituere, cooperate, covenant,
tion, totality engage, give assurance, make a bargain, make an agree-
ment, make terms, mutually assent, pacisci, pact, pledge,
AGGRESSION, noun aggressiveness, antagonism, as- promise, settle, settle by covenant, stipulate, undertake
sault, attack, beleaguerment, bellicosity, belligerence, bel-
ligerency, besiegement, combativeness, contentiousness, AGREE TO, verb accede, accept, accommodate, ac-
drive, enterprise, fight, foray, hostility, hustle, illapse, incur- knowledge, acquiesce, adopt, allow, approve, assent, au-
sion, infringement, initiative, injury, inroad, intrusion, inva- thorize, certify, come to terms, comply, comply with, con-
sion, irruption, jingoism, martiality, militancy, offense, cur, confirm, cooperate, countenance, covenant, embrace,
onset, onslaught, outbreak, provocation, pugnacity, push, pass, permit, ratify, sanction, sign, submit, subscribe to,
pushiness, raid, sally, sortie, storming, transgression, tres- yield
pass, unprovoked attack, warlikeness ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: agreed to contract, agreed to judg-
ment, agreed to stipulation, execution of a contract
AGGRESSOR, noun antagonist, assailant, assailer, as-
saulter, attacker, belligerent, besieger, combatant, contender, AGREEABLE (Amenable), adjective acceptable, accom-
criminal, fighter, foe, initiative seizer, invader, militant, prime modating, accordant, acquiescent, amiable, apropos, ap-
mover, provocator, ravager, ruffian, stormer, violator propriate, charming, coexistent, compatible, complaisant,
compliant, concordant, conformable, congenial, congru-
AGGRIEVED (Harmed), adjective abused, afflicted, an- ous, consensual, consenting, cordial, courteous, delightful,
guished, bilked, damnified, deprived of legal rights, dis- enjoyable, fitting, flexible, friendly, genial, gratifying, lik-
tressed, grieved, having suffered invasion of legal rights, able, malleable, pleasant, pliant, prone, sapid, savory, so-
hurt, ill-treated, incommoded, injured, misused, pained, ciable, suitable, willing
preyed upon, provoked, swindled, tyrannized, vexed,
wounded AGREEABLE (Palatable), adjective acceptable, ade-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: aggrieved heirs, aggrieved party, ag- quate, admissible, allowable, applicable, apposite, appropri-
grieved person ate, apt, attractive, becoming, comfortable, commensurate,

25
 AGREED

conventional, desirable, eligible, expedient, fair, felicitous, express agreement, illusory agreement, implied agree-
fit, good, gratifying, inviting, justifiable, likable, opportune, ment, implied agreement in law, sale agreement, settle-
passable, pleasing, proper, qualified, satisfactory, seemly, ment agreement, support agreement
suitable, tenable, tolerable, unobjectionable, viable FOREIGN PHRASES: Contractus ex turpi causa, vel contra
bonds mores nullus est. A contract founded on an evil
AGREED (Harmonized), adjective accordant, adapted, consideration, or against good morals, is void. Contractus
appeased, arbitrated, arranged, balanced, coherent, com- legem ex conbentione accipiunt. Contracts take their law
promised, conceded, conciliated, concordant, conforming, from the agreement of the parties. Ex pacto illicito non
correlative, correspondent, counterbalanced, equable, oritur actio. An action will not lie on an agreement to do
equal, equalized, equivalent, matching, mediated, negoti- something unlawful. Ex maleficio non oritur contractus.
ated, parallel, propitiated, reconciled, settled, suited No contract is born of wrongdoing. Nudum pactum est
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: agreed case, agreed price, agreed ubi nulla subest causa praeter conventionem; sed ubi
statement of facts, agreed submission of a case, agreed- subest causa, fit obligatio, et parit actionem. A naked
upon price, agreed value contract is where there is no consideration except the
FOREIGN PHRASES: Ad quod curia concordavit. To which the agreement; but where there is a consideration, an obliga-
court agreed. tion is created and gives rise to a right of action. In stipu-
lationibus cum quaeritur quid actum sit verba contra
AGREED (Promised), adjective affirmed, approved, ar- stipulatorem interpretanda sunt. In the construction of
ranged, assured, attested, avowed, committed, confirmed, agreements words are interpreted against the person offer-
contracted, covenanted, declared, endorsed, guaranteed, ing them. Ea quae dari impossibilia sunt, vel quae in
insured, pledged, stipulated, sworn, warranted rerum natura non sunt, pro non adjectis habentur.
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: agreed price, agreed value Those things which cannot be given, or which are not in
existence, are regarded as not included in the contract.
AGREEMENT (Concurrence), noun accord, amity, ar- Conventio facit legem. The agreement creates the law
rangement, assent, common assent, common consent, (i.e., the parties to a binding contract must keep their
common view, community of interests, concord, concor- promises). Ex nudo pacto non oritur actio. No action
dance, conformance, congruence, congruency, congruity, arises on a contract without a consideration. Ea quae, com-
consent, consentaneity, consentaneousness, consentience, mendandi causa, in venditionibus dicuntur, si palam
consonance, cooperation, good understanding, harmony, appareant, venditorem non obligant. Those things
meeting of the minds, mutual assent, mutual promise, mu- which are said as praise of the things sold, if they are
tual understanding, oneness, reciprocity of obligation, set- openly apparent, do not bind the seller. In contrahenda
tlement, unanimity, understanding, uniformity, unison, venditione, ambiguum pactum contravenditorem inter-
unity pretandum est. In a contract of sale, an ambiguous agree-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Aggregatio mentium. Meeting of the ment is to be interpreted against the seller. In conven-
minds. Bona fides exigit ut guod convenit fiat. Good tionibus, contrahentium voluntas potius quam verba
faith demands that what is agreed upon shall be done. spectari placuit. In contracts, it is the rule to regard the
Consensus ad idem. An agreement of parties for the same intention of the parties rather than the actual words. Ome
thing; a meeting of minds without which no contract exists. jus aut consensus fecit, aut necessitas constituit aut
Conventio privatorum non potest publico juri derog- firmavit consuetudo. All right is either made by consent,
are. An agreement of private parties cannot derogate from constituted by necessity, or confirmed by custom. Pacta
public right. Conventio vincit legem. The agreement of conventa quae neque contra leges neque dolo malo
parties controls the law. Modus et conventio vincunt inita sunt omni modo observanda sunt. Agreements
legem. Custom, convention, and agreement of the parties which are not contrary to the laws nor entered into with a
overrule the law. Ratihabitio mandato aequiparatur. fraudulent design must be observed in all respects. Pacta
Ratification is equivalent to an express command. Quando dant legem contractui. Stipulations constitute the law for
verba et mens congruunt, non est interpretationi locus. the contract. Pacta quae contra leges constitutionesque,
When the words and the mind agree, there is no room for vel contra bonos mores fiunt, nullam vim habere, indu-
interpretation. Privatorum conventio juri publico non bitati juris est. It is unquestionably the law that contracts
derogat. The agreement of private persons cannot dero- which are made contrary to the laws or against good mor-
gate from public law. Modus et conventio vincunt legem. als, have no force in law. Pacta quae turpem causam
Custom and agreement control the law. Non differunt continent non sunt observanda. Contracts which are
quae concordant re, tametsi non in verbis iisdem. Those based on unlawful consideration will not be enforced. Quae
matters do not differ which agree in substance, though not dubitationis tollendae causa contractibus inseruntur,
in the same words. jus commune non laedunt. Those clauses which are in-
serted in agreements to avoid doubts and ambiguity do not
AGREEMENT (Contract), noun alliance, arrangement, offend the common law. Nuda pactio obligationem non
bargain, binding promise, bond, commitment, compact, parit. A naked agreement does not affect an otherwise
concordat, concordia, contractual statement, convention, binding obligation. Privatis pactionibus non dubium est
covenant, deal, engagement, legal document, mutual non laedi jus caeterorum. There is no doubt that private
pledge, obliga, obligation, pact, pledge, settlement, stipu- contracts cannot prejudice the rights of others.
lation, transaction, understanding, undertaking
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: abrogate an agreement, agency agree- AGREEMENT BETWEEN PARTIES, noun alliance, ar-
ment, agreement implied in fact, agreement of sale, agree- rangement, bargain, bilateral contract, binding agreement,
ment to answer for the debt of another, agreement to pur- compact, contract, covenant, mutual pledge, pact, prom-
chase, agreement under seal, agreements in contemplation ise, stipulation, understanding
of marriage, antenuptial agreement, area-wide agreement,
articles of agreement, articles of impeachment, articles of AID (Help), noun abetment, accommodation, advance,
incorporation, articles of partnership, articles of war, advocacy, aidance, assistance, auspices, backing, benefit,

26
 ALIEN

coadjuvancy, cooperation, countenance, endorsement, es- disquietude, distress, disturbance, dread, fear, foreboding,
pousal, facilitation, furtherance, guidance, help, helpful- fright, horror, misgiving, panic, perturbation, premonition,
ness, maintenance, ministration, ministry, patronage, pro- suspense, trepidation, uncertainty, unease, uneasiness,
motion, reinforcement, relief, rescue, service, sponsorship, wariness, worry
subscription, subsidy, subsistence, succor, support, sustain-
ment, sustenance, tutelage, willing help ALARM (Noise), noun beacon, bell, blast, buzzer, loud
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: aid and abet, aid and comfort noise, notice, panic button, safety device, security device,
tocsin, tone, warning, whistle
AID (Subsistence), noun benefaction, benefit, charity,
compensation, endowment, humanitarianism, mainte- ALCOHOL, noun alcoholic beverage, inebriant, intoxi-
nance, ministration, ministry, patronage, relief, subsidy, cant, intoxicating liquor, liquor, potation, spirits
support, sustainment, sustenance
ALEATORY (Perilous), adjective adventurous, beset
AID, verb abet, advance, assist, augment, avail, be with perils, dangerous, endangered, exposed, exposed to
auxiliary to, be of service, benefit, collaborate, cooperate risk, fraught with danger, full of risk, hazardous, imperiled,
with, facilitate, further, give aid, give support, help, minis- minatory, ominous, parlous, precarious, riskful, risky,
ter to, nurture, oblige, promote, provision, reinforce, re- treacherous, unsafe, venturesome, venturous
lieve, render help, rescue, second, serve, service,
strengthen, subserve, succor, supplement, support, sus- ALEATORY (Uncertain), adjective alterable, ambiguous,
tain, uphold capricious, changeable, changeful, depending, dubious,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: aid and abet, aid and comfort equivocal, in question, incalculable, indefinite, mutable, not
fixed, open, permutable, protean, undecided, unsettled,
AIDE, noun abettor, acolyte, adjutant, aider, assistant, unstable, unsure, variable
attendant, coadjutant, consociate, contributor, helper, help- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: aleatory contract
mate, second, support, supporter, upholder
ALERT (Agile), adjective alive, animated, expeditious,
AILMENT, noun affectation, affliction, complaint, com- nimble, quick, spirited, sprightly, spry
plication, condition, difficulty, dilemma, disability, disease,
disorder, health problem, illness, inability, indisposition, ALERT (Vigilant), adjective active, alive, attentive,
infirmity, malady, malaise, problem, sickness, trouble guarded, observant, on guard, prepared, wary, watchful

AIM, verb aspire, attempt, desire, endeavor, essay, in- ALERT, verb advise, alarm, arouse, caution, give notice,
tend, make an effort, make every effort, mean, plan, pro- notify, put on one’s guard, sound the alarm, warn
pose, purport, pursue, pursue a goal, seek, strive, strive to
achieve, strive to gain, to accomplish, try, try to do, work ALFORD PLEA, noun admission of likelihood of convic-
to accomplish, work to achieve tion, assertion of innocence while pleading guilty, avowing
innocence while pleading guilty, denial of act while plead-
AIR, verb analyze, bare open, bring into view, circulate, ing guilty, guiltlessness while accepting a guilty plea, guilty
communicate, disclose, discuss, divulge, expose, express, plea while maintaining innocence, maintenance of inno-
get out in the open, give currency to, impart, leak, post, cence while accepting a guilty plea
promulgate, provide sunshine to, republish, reveal, run a
concept up the flagpole, share, talk, tell, uncloak, unmask, ALIAS, adverb acknowledged elsewhere as, a.k.a.,
unveil alias dictus, also, also acknowledged as, also acknowledg-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: air grievances, air the issues involved ing the name of, also answering to, also called, also known
in the case, air the terms of a contract as, also known by, also known under the name of, also
recognized as, at other times known as, elsewhere known
AIR POLLUTION, noun contamination, defilement, im- as, known elsewhere as, known elsewhere by, known else-
pure air, unhealthy air where under the name, known otherwise as, known previ-
ously as, known variously as, nomen alienum, otherwise
AKIN (Germane), adjective affiliated, alike, allied, called, otherwise known as, otherwise known by, other-
analogous, appertaining, applicable, apropos, associated, wise named, previously called, variously called, variously
closely related, collateral, connected, correlative, corre- known as
spondent, corresponding, interchangeable, like, linked, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: alias execution, alias process, alias
parallel, pertinent, related, relating, relevant, resembling, subpoena, alias summons, alias writ, assumed name
similar
ALIBI, noun corroborative excuse, declaration, de-
AKIN (Related by blood), adjective affiliated, connate, fense, defensive evidence, defensive plea, exculpatory
consanguine, consanguinean, consanguineous, consan- excuse, excuse, explanation, justifiable excuse, justifica-
guineus, fraternal, kindred, of the same stock tion, justificatory excuse, plausible excuse, plea in being
elsewhere, proof of absence, verifiable excuse, verificative
ALACRITY, noun agreeableness, anxiety, briskness, excuse
celerity, compliance, dispatch, eagerness, enthusiasm, ex- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: affirmative defense, notice of inten-
pedition, facility, haste, immediacy, immediateness, indus- tion to introduce alibi defense, traverse of indictment
try, promptitude, promptness, punctuality, quickness,
readiness, speed, speediness, spontaneity, swiftness, zeal ALIEN (Foreign), adjective coming from another land,
external, extrinsic, foreign-born, from abroad, immigrant,
ALARM (Apprehension), noun agitation, anxiety, imported, not domestic, not indigenous, not native, not
anxiousness, concern, consternation, dismay, disquiet, naturalized, of foreign origin, outside, unnaturalized

27
 ALIEN

ALIEN (Unrelated), adjective detached, different, di- mated, parallel, resemblant, resembling, same, selfsame,
gressive, disconnected, disjoined, disrelated, dissociated, similar, synonymous, undiscriminated, uniform
from nowhere, inappropriate, independent, insular, irre-
lated, no relation, not comparable, of external origin, out- ALIKE, adverb akin, analogously, both, close to, coinci-
side, unaffiliated, unallied, unassociated, unconnected, dentally, comparably, correspondently, correspondingly,
ungermane, unrelated, without context, without relation equally, identically, in common, likewise, similarly, synony-
mously, together
ALIEN, noun advena, alienigena, emigrant, étranger,
expatriate, foreigner, immigrant, interloper, intruder, non- ALIMONY, noun allotment, allowance, care, dispensa-
citizen, one excluded from some privilege, outlander, out- tion, emolument, grant, income, maintenance, mainte-
sider, peregrinus, person coming from a foreign country, nance allowance, pecuniary aid, pecuniary assistance, per-
person from foreign parts, refugee, stranger sonal allowance, provision, recompense, remuneration,
separate maintenance, separation money, settlement, sti-
ALIENATE (Estrange), verb abalienare, aggravate, an- pend, subsidization, subsidy, subvention, support, suste-
tagonize, avertere, be hateful, be unfriendly, bear malice, nance, sustentation, upkeep
break off, cause dislike, cause loathing, come between, de- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: alimony award, alimony judgment, ali-
stroy goodwill, detach, disaffect, disunite, divide, embitter, mony penpendente lite, division of property, divorce,
enrage, envenom, fall out, harden the heart, incense, make necessaries, permanent alimony, separation, support, tem-
averse, make indifferent, make inimical, make unfriendly, porary alimony
part, pit against, provoke hatred, repel, separate, set against,
set at odds, set at variance, sow dissension, take umbrage, ALL, adjective complete, each and every, full, global,
turn away, turn off, wean, withdraw the affections of integral, nothing but, only, perfect, the sum of, total, undi-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: alienation of affections, alienation of vided, universal, wholly
power
ALL, noun aggregate, all and sundry, allness, assem-
ALIENATE (Transfer title), verb abalienare, abalienate, as- blage, collectiveness, completeness, complexus, ensem-
sign, barter, consign, convey, deed, deliver over, demise, ble, entireness, entirety, everyone, everything, fullness,
devolve, enfeoff, part with, pass, pass over, remise, sign gross amount, indivisibility, intactness, integer, integrality,
away, sign over, substitute, surrender, transfer ownership, one and all, sum, sum total, total, totality, undividedness,
turn over universality, whole, wholeness
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: alienation of property
FOREIGN PHRASES: Regulariter non valet pactum de re mea ALLAY, verb abate, alleviate, appease, assuage, blunt,
non alienanda. It is a rule that an agreement not to alien- calm, cause to be still, cause to subside, check, compose,
ate my property is not binding. constrain, control, curb, curtail, deaden, decrease, diminish,
dull, hush, lenire, lessen, lighten, lull, minimize, mitigare,
ALIENATION (Estrangement), noun abhorrence, abomi- mitigate, moderate, mollify, pacify, palliate, qualify, quell,
nation, acrimony, alienatio, animosity, antagonism, antipa- quench, quiet, reduce, reduce in severity, relieve, repress,
thy, aversion, bitterness, breach, break, deflection, disaffec- restrain, silence, slake, smooth, soften, soothe, still, sub-
tion, disfavor, disruption, division, enmity, execration, due, suppress, temper, tone down, tranquilize
hostility, implacability, loathing, malevolence, malice,
odium, rancor, rift, rupture, schism, separation, split, um- ALLEGATION, noun adfirmatio, assertion, averment,
brage, unfriendliness, variance, withdrawal bill of complaint, charge, claim, complaint, crimination,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: alienation of affections, alienation of declaration, denunciation, formal averment, imputation,
power inculpation, ipse dixit, plea, positive assertion, positive
FOREIGN PHRASES: Alienatio rei praefertur juri accrescendi. declaration, positive statement, pronouncement, statement
Alienation is favored by the law rather than accumulation. ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: allegation of fact, allegation of law, al-
legation of wrongdoing
ALIENATION (Transfer of title), noun abalienatio, ab-
alienation, assignation, assignment, cession, conferment, ALLEGE, verb adduce, advance, affirm, announce, an-
conferral, consignation, consignment, conveyance, convey- nunciate, assert, asseverate, attest, aver, avouch, charge,
ancing, deeding, deliverance, delivery, demise, enfeoff- cite, claim, contend, declare, enunciate, express, maintain,
ment, limitation, nonretention, selling, surrender, transfer- make an assertion, plead, present, profess, pronounce,
ence, transmission propound, recite, relate, say, set forth, state, state as true,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: alienation clause, alienation of property urge as a reason
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: allege a crime
ALIGHT, verb climb down, depart, descend, descendere,
disembark, dismount, egress, evacuate, exit, get down, get ALLEGE UNDER OATH, verb adjure, assert as true, at-
off, ground oneself, land, leave, part, set down, step down test, authenticate, avouch, avow, bear witness, certify,
confirm, declare, declare true, depose, give evidence,
ALIGN, verb accommodate, adapt, adjust, ameliorate, guarantee, maintain under oath, make solemn affirmation,
amend, attune, change, collimate, conform, correct, cure, state, swear, take an oath, vouch, vow
improve, level, line up, make uniform, modify, normalize,
pattern, perfect, readjust, rectify, regularize, remedy, revise ALLEGED, adjective acknowledged, adduced, ad-
vanced, advocated, affirmed, announced, argued, asserted,
ALIKE, adjective accordant, akin, allied, analogous, asserted formally, asseverated, assured, averred, avouched,
cognate, comparable, copied, correspondent, correspond- avowed, certified, cited, claimed, contended, declared, di-
ing, duplicate, equable, equal, equivalent, even, identical, vulged, enunciated, imparted, imputed, insisted, introduced,
indistinguishable, interchangeable, kindred, matched, maintained, positively declared, presented, proclaimed,

28
 ALLOWED

produced, professed, promulgated, pronounced, pro- ALLOCATION (Apportionment), noun appropriation,

pounded, put forward, reported, set forth, stated, stressed, dispensation, division, fractionation, partition, rationing,
testified to, uttered with conviction, vouched reallocation, reckoning, segmentation, separation, split,
take
ALLEGIANCE, noun adherence, adherence to duty, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: apportionment, contribution, joint and
attachment, bounden duty, call of duty, case of conscience, several liability
commitment, constancy, deference, devotedness, devo-
tion, duteousness, dutifulness, faith, faithfulness, fealty, fi- ALLONGE, noun addendum, additament, addition, ad-
delity, fides, homage, imperative duty, inescapable duty, junct, affix, appendage, appendix, attachment, comple-
loyalty, matter of duty, moral obligation, obedience, obliga- ment, postscript, rider, supplement
tion, obsequiousness, observance, observance of obliga-
tion, onus, pledge, promise, responsibility, sense of duty, ALLOT, verb addicere, administer, adsignare, allocate,
steadfastness, subjection, submission, subordination, sup- appoint, apportion, assign, deal, delimit, demarcate, desig-
port, trueness nate, dispense, disperse, dispose, distribuere, distribute,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Nemo patriam in qua natus est exuere, divide, dole, earmark, indicate, measure, mete, mete out,
nec ligeantiae debitum ejurare possit. No man can re- parcel out, partition, portion out, prorate, ration, share,
nounce his native country nor adjure his obligation of alle- specify
giance. Ligeantia est quasi legis essentia; est vinculum
fidei. Allegiance is the essence of law; it is the bond of faith. ALLOTMENT, noun adsignatio, allocation, annuity,
appointment, apportionment, appropriation, arrange-
ALL-ENCOMPASSING, adjective all, blanket, broad, ment, assignment, assignment by share, designation,
compendious, complete, comprehensive, consummate, dispensation, disposal, disposition, distribution, distribu-
encyclopedic, entire, everything comprehensible, exhaus- tion by lot, dole, ordering, partition, portion, proportion,
tive, extensive, far-reaching, full, global, inclusive, massive, ration
maximal, plenary, thorough, total, unabridged, universal, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: allotment certificate, allotment note,
unmitigated, unqualified, vast, whole allotment system

ALLEVIATE, verb abate, adlevare, allay, appease, as- ALLOW (Authorize), verb accredit, acknowledge, ap-
suage, attenuate, blunt, calm, check, commute, compose, prove, certify, charter, commission, empower, enable, en-
console, curb, dampen, diminish, disburden, disencumber, dorse, enfranchise, entitle, give, give authority, give leave,
divert, dulcify, dull, ease, ease the burden, extenuate, free, give permission, grant, grant permission, invest, legalize,
help, hush, lessen, lighten, lull, mitigate, moderate, modu- legitimatize, license, permit, privilege, qualify, sanction,
late, nullify, obtund, pacify, palliate, qualify, quell, quiet, support, sustain, vouchsafe, warrant
redress, reduce, relieve, remedy, remit, restrain, salve, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: allow to bail, allowable debt, allowable
slacken, slow down, smooth, soften, solace, soothe, still, loss, allowed by law, allowed claim
subdue, succor, tame, temper, tranquilize, unburden, un- FOREIGN PHRASES: Est quiddam perfectius in rebus licitis.
load, weaken There is something more perfect in things permitted.

ALLIANCE, noun accordance, adhesion, affiliation, ALLOW (Endure), verb abide, accede, accept, accord,
agreement, alignment, amalgamation, association, band, acquiesce, afford, agree, approve, assent, be answerable,
bloc, cartel, centralization, chain, coalescence, coalition, be indulgent of, bear, brook, carry on under, concede, con-
combination, combine, compact, company, concert, concor- sent, countenance, forbear, permit, submit to, suffer, suffer
dant, confederacy, conformity, conjunction, connection, con- to occur, sustain, take patiently, tolerate, undergo, with-
nivance, consolidation, consortium, contract, contribution, stand, yield
convention, cooperative, corporation, covenant, federation, FOREIGN PHRASES: Tout es que la loi ne defend pas est per-
fusion, integration, junction, league, merger, organization, mis. Everything which the law does not forbid is permitted.
pact, partnership, peace, pool, rapprochement, relation-
ship, sodality, syndicate, treaty, trust, understanding, union ALLOWABLE, adjective acceptable, accepted, admis-
sible, approvable, approved, authorized, excusable,
ALLIED, adjective affiliated, affinitive, akin, associated, granted, justifiable, lawful, legal, legalized, legitimate, licit,
bonded, confederate, connected, federate, kindred, not impossible, not improper, not objectionable, pardon-
leagued, related able, passable, permissible, proper, right, sanctionable,
sanctioned, sufferable, suffered, suitable, tolerable, toler-
ALLOCATE, verb administer, allot, appoint, apportion, ated, unforbidden, unobjectionable, unprohibited, venial,
appropriate, arrange, assign, assort, cast, class, classify, col- warrantable
locate, consign, deal, deal out, designate, destine, detail, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: allowable claims
dispense, disperse, dispose, distribute, divide, divide and
bestow in shares, dole out, earmark, fix, give out, grant, ALLOWED, adjective acceptable, accepted, acknowl-
group, hand out, intend, line up, locate, marshal, mete, edged, admissible, admitted, allowable, approvable, ap-
parcel out, place, portion off, portion out, prescribe, pro- proved, authorized, certified, chartered, commissioned,
rate, ration, render, set apart, set aside, set out, share, situ- conceded, consented, eligible, empowered, endorsed, en-
ate, specify franchised, granted, justified, lawful, legal, legalized, legiti-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: allocate funds, special allocatur mate, licensed, licit, passed, permissible, permissioned,
permitted, ratified, recognized, rightful, sanctioned, sanc-
ALLOCATION (Allotment), noun annuity, apportion- tioned by the law, suitable, supported by authority, tolera-
ment, bequest, disbursement, dispensation, distribution, ble, tolerated, unforbidden, unprohibited, valid, validated,
endowment, entitlement, grant, issuance, moiety, percent- vouchsafed, warranted, within the law
age, portion due, proportion, quota, ration, share ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: allowed claim, allowed into evidence

29
 ALLUDE

FOREIGN PHRASES: Est quiddam perfectius in rebus licitis. ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: alteration of a contract, alteration of a
There is something more perfect in things permitted. license, alteration of a pleading, alteration of an instrument,
restoration of an instrument
ALLUDE, verb advert, attingere, bring to mind, cite,
connote, convey, designare, evince, hint, imply, import, ALTERCATION, noun affray, altercatio, angry dispute,
indicate, infer, insinuate, leave an inference, make indirect argument, bickering, broil, commotion, conflict, contesta-
reference, mention, point to, refer to, relate, significare, tion, controversy, disaccord, disputation, dispute, distur-
signify, suggest, touch upon bance, feud, fight, fracas, heated debate, iurgium, jangle,
jangling, melee, noisy quarrel, quarrel, rixa, row, scuffle,
ALLUSIVE, adjective allusory, ambiguous, clandestine, snarl, squabble, strife, wrangle, wrangling
connotative, covert, eclipsed, evasive, imperspicuous, im- FOREIGN PHRASES: Veritas nimium altercando amittitur.
plicational, implicative, indicative, indirect, inferential, in- Truth is lost by too much altercation.
ferred, notional, obscure, screened, suggestive, tacit,
vague, veiled ALTERNATE (Fluctuate), verb be periodic, be unsettled,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: evasive contempt oscillate, pendulate, show indecision, vacillate, vary, waver

ALLUVION, noun batture, deposit, deposition, residu- ALTERNATE (Take turns), verb act interchangeably, al-
ary, sediment, settlement, settlings ternare, alterner, change by alternation, follow one another
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accretion, alluvial accretion, alluvial interchangeably, follow one another reciprocally, inter-
land, riparian lands, riparian rights change, interchange regularly, interchange successively,
perform by turns, perform reciprocally, perform respon-
ALLY, noun advocate, backer, benefactor, champion, sively, permute, substitute, switch
cohort, companion, confederate, contributor, defender, es- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: alternate causes of action, pleading in
pouser, faithful companion, friend, partisan, proponent, the alternate
protector, sponsor, supporter, sympathizer
ALTERNATIVE (Option), noun alternate choice, choice,
ALMOST, adverb approximately, close to, nearly, on conclusion, decision, determination, discernment, discretion,
the brink of, on the verge of, scarcely, within sight of discrimination, distinction, election, embracement, es-
pousal, free selection, judgment, pick, recourse, remaining
ALONE (Solitary), adverb apart, detached, in solitude, course, selection, voluntary decision
independently, insular, isolated, privately, removed, sepa- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: alternative conditions
rate, solo
ALTERNATIVE (Substitute), noun change, other choice,
ALONE (Unsupported), adverb unabetted, unaccompa- replacement, succedaneum, superseder, supplanter
nied, unaided, unassisted, unattended, unseconded ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: alternative conditions, alternative con-
tract, alternative covenant, alternative judgment, alterna-
ALONG, adverb coupled with, forward, in company with, tive legacy, alternative obligation, alternative plea, alter-
in conjunction with, lengthwise, side by side, together, with native pleading, alternative relief, alternative remedies,
alternative writs
ALSO, adverb additionally, as well, besides, extra, fur-
thermore, in addition, including, likewise, moreover, over ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION, noun alternative
and above, plus, similarly, then again, together with, too litigation resolution, alternative means to litigation, alter-
native method of resolving a dispute, arbitration, litigation
ALSO KNOWN AS, noun alias, also called, also identi- substitute, means to resolve a dispute, mediation, pretrial
fied as, also named, also referred to, assumed name, called, mediation
identification, identity, otherwise called, otherwise known, Specifically: arbitration, mediation, pretrial mediation
pseudonym
ALWAYS (Forever), adverb all the time, all the while, at
ALTER, verb adapt, adjust, amend, change, commute, all times, for all history
convert, deviate, immutare, innovate, invert, make innova-
tions, metamorphose, moderate, modify, modulate, mutare, ALWAYS (Without exception), adverb by and large each
qualify, rearrange, recast, reconstruct, reorganize, temper, and every time, invariably, universally
transform, transmogrify, transmute, turn, variegate, vary
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: alter a document, alter a will, forgery, AMALGAMATE, verb admix, bind, blend, centralize,
fraud coadunate, coalesce, combine, commingle, commix, con-
flate, consolidate, fuse, inosculate, join, meld, merge, mix,
ALTER EGO, noun alternate, counterpart, double, living solidify, syndicate, unify, unite
image, match, other, other half, other person, other self, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: amalgamated labor organizations
perfect substitute, second self, shadow, stand-in, twin
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: agent, alter ego doctrine, corporate AMANUENSIS, noun clerk, recorder, recording secre-
alter ego, piercing the corporate veil, separate corporate tary, scribe, scrivener, secretary, writer
entity
AMASS, verb accrue, accumulate, aggregate, amal-
ALTERATION, noun adjustment, conversion, correc- gamate, assemble, augment, blend, bond, coalesce, col-
tion, difference, diversity, innovation, modification, mod- lect, combine, compile, compound, congregate, corral,
ulation, reform, rehabilitation, reorganization, repair, revi- expand, extend, garner, gather, grow, herd, incorporate,
sion, transition, transposition, variability, variance, increase, join, link, marry, mix, multiply, optimize, round
variation up, stockpile, swell, unify, unite

30
 AMENABLE

AMASSED, adjective aggregated, amalgamate, amal- against him who offers it. In ambigua voce legis ea potius
gamated, blended, collective, compact, complex, compos- accipienda est significatio quae vitio caret, praesertim
ite, compound, compounded, conglomerate, fused, mani- cum etiam voluntas legis ex hoc colligi possit. In an
fold, medley, mingled, mixed, mosaic, multiform, multiple, ambiguous expression of law, that interpretation is to be
variegated preferred which is consonant with equity, especially where
it is in conformity with the purpose of the law. In ambiguis
AMATEUR, adjective inept, unaccomplished, unadroit, orationibus maxime sententia spectanda est ejus qui
undextrous, unfit, ungifted, unskilled, untalented eas protulisset. In ambiguous expressions, the intent of
the person using them is particularly to be regarded. In
AMATEUR, noun apprentice, aspirant, beginner, disci- ambiguo sermone non utrumque dicimus sed id dun-
ple, entrant, fledging, freshman, inexperienced person, taxat quod volumus. In ambiguous discourse, language is
initiate, layman, neophyte, novice not used in a double sense, but in the sense in which it is
meant.
AMAZE, verb affect, astonish, astound, awe, bewilder,
blow away, bowl over, captivate, dazzle, dumbfound, en- AMBIT, noun border, boundary, boundary line, bounds,
chant, enrapture, enthrall, enthuse, excite, fascinate, flab- circumference, contour, delineation lines, domain, domin-
bergast, floor, impress, influence, inspire, move, mystify, ion, furthest extent, furthest point, jurisdiction, limit, lines,
overwhelm, pique, provoke, ravish, shock, startle, stir, orbit, outline, outer limit, pale, perimeter, periphery, prov-
strike, stun, stupefy, sway, thrill, touch, wow ince, realm, sphere
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: ambit of a statute, within the ambit of
AMBIGUITY, noun abstruseness, ambiguitas, baffle- the law
ment, bewilderment, confounded meaning, confused
meaning, confusion, disconcertion, doubtful meaning, AMBIVALENCE, noun dubiety, dubitancy, equivocal-
doubtfulness, dubiety, dubiousness, duplexity in meaning, ness, hesitation, incertitude, indecision, indecisiveness, in-
equivocalness, equivocation, incertitude, indefinite mean- determinacy, indetermination, irresoluteness, irresolution,
ing, indefiniteness, indeterminacy, obscure meaning, ob- mental reservation, prevarication, uncertainty, undecided-
scurity, puzzlement, reconditeness, uncertainty of mean- ness, undetermination, vacillation
ing, unintelligibility, vagueness
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: ambiguity upon the factum, latent AMBULATORY, adjective able to be altered, alterative,
ambiguity, patent ambiguity amendable, amendatory, changeable, emendable, emenda-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Cum in testamento ambigue aut etiam tory, modifiable, movable, mutable, not fixed, permutable,
perperam scriptum est benigne interpretari et secundum renunciatory, repudiative, repudiatory, reversible, rever-
id quod credibile est cogitatum credendum est. Where an sional, revisional, revisory, revocable, revocatory, subject to
ambiguous or even an erroneous expression occurs in a will, change, variable
it should be interpreted liberally and in accordance with the ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: ambulatory deed, ambulatory patient,
intention of the testator. Ambiguitas verborum latens veri- ambulatory will
ficatione suppletur; nam quod ex facto oritur ambiguum FOREIGN PHRASES: Ambulatoria est voluntas defuncti usque
verificatione facti tollitur. A latent verbal ambiguity may ad vitae supremum exitum. The will of a deceased person
be removed by evidence; for whatever ambiguity arises from is ambulatory until the latest moment of life.
an extrinsic fact may be explained by extrinsic evidence.
Ambiguum placitum interpretari debet contra proferen- AMBUSH, verb assail, assault, attack, attack from a con-
tem. An ambiguous plea ought to be interpreted against the cealed position, bait a trap, catch by perfidy, ensnare, en-
party entering it. Quae cubitationis tollendae causa con- trap, lay a trap for, lie in wait for, set a trap for, snare, trap,
tractibus inseruntur, jus commune non laedunt. Those waylay
clauses which are inserted in agreements to avoid doubts
and ambiguity do not offend the common law. Quoties in AMELIORATE, verb advance, allay, better, change for
verbis nulla est ambiguitas, ibi nulla expositio contra the better, correct, corrigere, cultivate, develop, ease, ele-
verba fienda est. Whenever there is no ambiguity in the vate, enhance, forward, fructify, help, improve, make bet-
words, then no exposition contrary to the words should be ter, make progress, meliorate, mend, mitigate, palliate,
made. Quum in testamento ambigue aut etiam per- promote, raise, rectify, reform, upgrade
peram scriptum est, benigne interpretari et secundum id ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: ameliorating facts and circumstances,
quod credibile et cogitatum, credendum est. When an ameliorating waste
ambiguous or even an erroneous expression occurs in a will,
it should be construed liberally and in accordance with what AMENABILITY, noun accessibleness, accommodative-
is thought the probable meaning of the testator. Ubi jus in- ness, acquiescence, adaptability, agreeableness, compli-
certum, ibi jus nullum. Where the law is uncertain, there is ance, compliancy, conformability, docility, ductility, flexibil-
no law. Verbis standum ubi nulla ambiguitas. Where ity, flexibleness, inclination, influenceability, malleability,
there is no ambiguity, one must abide by the words. manageability, mansuetude, obligingness, persuasibility,
placability, plasticity, pliability, pliancy, readiness, recep-
AMBIGUOUS, adjective abstruse, ambiguus, ambiva- tiveness, responsiveness, servility, submission, submissive-
lent, confused, difficult to comprehend, doubtful, dubious, ness, tractability, versatility, willingness, yieldingness
equivocal, having a double meaning, indefinite, indistinct,
inexact, lacking clearness, not clear, not plain, obscure, AMENABLE, adjective accessible, acquiescent, agree-
open to various interpretations, uncertain, unintelligible, able, amiable, available, compliant, dicto oboediens, flexible,
vague impressionable, influenceable, movable, obedient, open to
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: ambiguous language suggestions, persuadable, persuasible, pervious, pliable, pli-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Ambigua responsio contra proferentem ant, reasonable, responsible, suasible, tractable, yielding
est accipienda. An ambiguous answer is to be taken ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: amenable to process

31
 AMEND

AMEND, verb add to, adjust, alter, ameliorate, better, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: amortization contract, amortization of
change, correct, corrigere, edit, emend, emendare, emen- a mortgage, amortize a loan
date, enhance, enrich, improve, mend, modify, perfect,
polish, rectify, refashion, refine, reform, remedy, remove AMOUNT (Quantity), noun aggregate, bulk, count,
faults, renew, revamp, revise, rework, rewrite, upgrade extent, magnitude, mass, measure, measurement, net
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: amend a certificate of incorporation, quantity, number, numeration, strength, substance, sum,
amend a law, amend a pleading, amend a statute, amend summa, total, whole
a will ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: amount of evidence, amount of loss
FOREIGN PHRASES: Major numerus in se continet minorem.
AMENDMENT (Correction), noun adjustment, ameliora- The greater number contains in itself the lesser.
tion, betterment, change, correctio, elaboration, emendatio,
emendation, enhancement, improvement, melioration, AMOUNT (Result), noun conclusion, consequence, ef-
modification, perfection, refinement, reformation, remedy, fect, end result, full effect, import, net quantity, outcome,
revampment, revisal, revision, supplement outgrowth, product, purport, resultant, sum, sum total,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: amendment in a statute, amendment upshot
to a will
AMOUNT (Sum), noun account, count, rate, reckoning,
AMENDMENT (Legislation), noun act, bill, clause, legis- statement, summation, tally, value, worth
lation, legislative act, legislative bill, measure, modification ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: amount allowed, amount due, amount
of the law, rider, supplement in controversy, amount in dispute, amount of loss, amount
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: amendment to a charter, amendment recovered, jurisdictional amount
to the Constitution, Bill of Rights
AMPLE, adjective abounding, abundant, adequate,
AMENITIES, noun civilities, convention, correctness, bountiful, broad enough, capacious, commodious, compre-
decency, decorousness, decorum, elegances, etiquette, hensive, copious, expansive, extensive, generous, large
formalities, gentilities, manners, prescribed code of con- enough, liberal, many, plenteous, satisfactory, sufficient
duct, propriety, protocol, seemliness, social code, stan-
dards AMPLIFICATION, noun accession, accretion, accrual,
accumulation, advance, advancement, aggrandizement,
AMENITY, noun accommodation, agreeable manner, aggravation, augmentation, broadening, clarification, deep-
agreeable way, agreeableness, allure, amoenitas, appeal, ening, development, dilation, elaboration, enhancement,
attractive feature, attractive quality, attractiveness, civility, enlargement, expansion, explanation, extension, further-
delightfulness, desirable feature, grace, invitingness, lure, ance, gain, growth, heightening, increasing, increment,
mildness, niceness, pleasantness, pleasingness, refinement intensification, magnification, progression, restatement,
rewording
AMERCEMENT, noun damages, fine, forfeit, forfeiture,
pecuniary penalty, penalty AMPLIFY, verb add to, augment, delineate, develop,
elaborate, enlarge, expand, extend, increase, specify,
AMICABLE, adjective affable, amiable, cordial, friendly, specify in greater detail
genial, harmonious, sociable, unhostile
ANACHRONISTIC, adjective antedated, antiquated,
AMICUS CURIAE, noun advocate, champion, expo- archaic, archaizing, behind the times, ill-advised, ill-judged,
nent, friend in court, intercessor, intervening party, interve- ill-timed, incongruous, misdated, misjudged, noncontem-
nor, party, representative, speaker porary, obsolete, outdated, outmoded, previous, untimely,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: amicus brief, amicus motion to inter- Victorian
vene
ANACOLUTHON, noun broken thread, disconnected-
AMMUNITION, noun apparatus belli, armament, arma- ness, discontinuity, lost connection, non sequitur, unwar-
ture, arms, ballistics, cartridges, charge, defense, deterrent, ranted conclusion
explosive, firearms, gunnery, gunpowder, materials of
combat, means of attack, muniment, munition, panoply, ANALOGOUS, adjective akin, cognate, commensurate,
propellants, provisions, weapons comparable, congenerous, connatural, correspondent,
corresponding, exact, homogenous, interchangeable, kin,
AMNESTY, noun absolution, acquittance, act of grace, kindred, like, matching, proportionate, relatable, related,
act of mercy, conciliation, condonation, discharge, discul- resemblant, resembling, same, similar, such
pation, exculpation, exoneration, forgiveness, general par-
don, grace, ignoscere, pardon, quittance, release, reprieve, ANALOGY, noun affinity, agreement, close relation,
universal forgiveness of past offenses, venia close resemblance, common feature, comparability, com-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: express amnesty, implied amnesty, parison, congruity, correlation, correspondence, equiva-
presidential pardon lence, homology, like quality, likeness, logical relation,
parallel relation, parallelism, parity, partial similarity, point
AMONG, adverb amid, amidst, between, in the middle in common, point of resemblance, points of comparison,
of, parenthetically relation, relativeness, relativity, resemblance, semblance,
similar appearance, similar form, similar relation, similarity,
AMORTIZATION, noun clearance, defrayal, defray- similitude, similitudo, symmetry
ment, disbursement, discharge, extinction of a debt, extin- FOREIGN PHRASES: De similibus ad similia eadem ratione
guishment of claim, liquidation of a debt, payment, remit- procedendum est. Proceeding in similar matters we are to
tance, satisfaction proceed by the same rule.

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 ANNEX

ANALYSIS, noun ascertainment, assay, audit, can- beneficial relief, collateral relief, complementing relief,
vassing, close inquiry, consideration, critical examination, extra relief, other relief, resultant relief, resulting relief,
critique, delineation, dissection, examination, exhaustive secondary relief, sequential relief, spare relief, subordinate
inquiry, explicatio, exploration, inquiry, investigation, pe- relief, supplemental relief, supplementary relief, support-
rusal, probe, research, review, scrutinization, scrutiny, ing relief
searching inquiry, sifting, strict inquiry, study, survey, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: ancillary administration, ancillary at-
treatment tachment, ancillary bill, ancillary jurisdiction, ancillary pro-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: chemical analysis, lab analysis ceeding

ANALYTICAL, adjective deductive, demonstrative, di- ANEW, adverb afresh, again, another time, newly, once
agnostic, experimental, fact-finding, investigative, logical, more, over again
mathematical, probing, rational, reasoning, resolvent,
searching, separative, solvent ANGER, verb abrade, aggravate, agitate, alienate, annoy,
attack, badger, bait, beleaguer, bother, burn, chafe, create
ANALYZE, verb anatomize, audit, canvass, conduct an hostility, cross, disquiet, distress, disturb, embitter, enflame,
inquiry, consider, delineate, delve into, dissect, examine, enrage, envenom, exasperate, frazzle, gall, grate, gripe,
examine critically, explore, hold an inquiry, inquire into, harass, incense, inflame, infuriate, irk, irritate, madden,
institute an inquiry, investigate, make an analysis, make an nettle, offend, outrage, peeve, perturb, pique, provoke,
inquiry, probe, question, reason, research, review, scan, rankle, rile, roil, trouble, unhinge, unsettle, upset, vex, worry
scrutinize, set up an inquiry, sift, study, subject to examina-
tion, survey ANGUISH, verb ache, aggrieve, agonize, desolate,
disturb, excruciate, grieve, harry, make miserable, pain,
ANARCHY, noun absence of authority, breakdown of prostrate, rack, suffer, torment, torture, trouble, writhe
administration, chaos, confusion, discord, disobedience, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: mental anguish, noneconomic loss,
disorder, disorderliness, disorganization, disregard, dis- pain and suffering
union, indiscipline, insubordination, insurgence, insurrec-
tion, interregnum, irresponsibility, lawlessness, licentia, ANIMADVERSION, noun admonition, adverse com-
misgovernment, misrule, mob law, mob rule, nihilism, po- ment, aspersion, blame, censorious remark, censure, chid-
litical disorder, rebellion, revolution, riot, sedition, terror- ing, condemnation, correction, criticism, deprecation, dis-
ism, tumult, turmoil, unruliness, uprising approbation, disapproval, discredit, faultfinding,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: criminal anarchy impeachment, impugnation, imputation, obloquy, rebuke,
reflection, remark, remonstrance, reprehension, reprimand,
ANCESTOR, noun ascendant, auctor generis, auctor reproach, reprobation, reproof, revilement, stricture
gentis, forebear, forefather, foregoer, forerunner, genitor,
grandsire, parent, patriarch, precursor, predecessor, primo- ANIMAL, noun animans, beast, beast of burden, beast
genitor, procreator, progenitor of the field, brute, brute creation, created being, creature,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: ancestral estate, ancestral property, pet, wild being
descendant, immediate ancestor, inheritance, lineal ances- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: animals of a base nature, domestic
tor, maternal ancestor, paternal ancestor animals, wild animal
FOREIGN PHRASES: Animalia fera, si facta sint mansueta et
ANCESTRY, noun affiliation, ascendants, blood, blood ex consuetudine eunt et redeunt, volant et revolant, ut
relationship, blood tie, bloodline, cognation, connection, cervi, cygni, etc., eo usque nostra sunt, et ita intelligun-
consanguinity, derivation, descent, family, family connec- tur quamdium habuerunt animum revertendi. Wild ani-
tion, family tree, filiation, forebears, forefathers, former mals, if they are tamed and are accustomed to leave and
generations, genealogy, genesis, genus, heredity, history, return, fly away and fly back, as stags, swans, etc., are con-
kinship, line, lineage, origin, origination, origo, parentage, sidered to belong to us so long as they have the intention
parents, patriarchs, pedigree, predecessors, procreators, of returning to us.
stirps, strain
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: ancestral estate, ancestral property ANIMOSITY, noun abhorrence, acrimony, aggravation,
alienation, anger, antagonism, antipathy, bad blood, bitter-
ANCILLARY (Auxiliary), adjective abetting, accessory, ness, coldness, difference of opinion, disapproval, discord,
added, additional, adjunct, adjuvant, advantageous, aidful, disfavor, displeasure, enmity, gall, grudge, hatred, hostility,
aiding, assistant, attendant, beneficial, coadjuvant, collat- ignominy, ill will, loathing, malevolence, malice, malignity,
eral, completing, conducive, contributory, cooperative, prejudice, rancor, resentment, revulsion, strain, tension,
extra, helpful, in addition, ministrant, more, other, serving venom, vindictiveness, virulence
as an adjunct, serving as an aid, spare, supernumerary,
supplemental, supplementary, supporting ANIMUS, noun bent, character, decision, deliberateness,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: ancillary acts, ancillary agreements, design, determination, disposition, fixed purpose, inclina-
ancillary attachment, ancillary covenants, ancillary jurisdic- tion, intendment, intent, intention, intentionality, mind,
tion, ancillary proceeding, ancillary relief, ancillary remedies motive, nature, penchant, predetermination, predilection,
predisposition, propensity, purpose, resolution, resolve, set
ANCILLARY (Subsidiary), adjective complementing, purpose, settled purpose, temper, tendency, volition, will
dependent, derivational, derivative, ensuing, following, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: animus derelinquendi, animus et fac-
lesser, resultant, resulting, secondary, sequential, subaltern, tum, animus furandi, animus revertendi, animus testandi,
subordinate antiunion animus

ANCILLARY RELIEF, noun accessory relief, additional ANNEX (Add), verb affix, append, attach, bind, bring
relief, adjunct relief, an added judgment, attendant relief, together, combine, conjoin, connect, consolidate, fasten,

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 ANNEX

fix, hold together, incorporate, interlink, intertwist, join, ANNULMENT, noun abolishment, abolition, abrogation,
merge, put together, subjoin, supplement, unite cancellation, contravention, decree of nullity, deletion, dis-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: annex an exhibit, annex court papers, continuance, disestablishment, dissolution, effacement, in-
annex to a pleading, annexed writing, fixtures validation, negation, nullification, obliteration, rasure, re-
scindment, retraction, reversal, revocation, revokement,
ANNEX (Arrogate), verb accroach, appropriate, assume, undoing, vitiation, voidance
assume ownership, confiscate, convert, disseise, distrain, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: alimony, annulment of a marriage,
expropriate, impound, seize, take over, take possession, dissolution of marriage, divorce, separation, voidable
take summarily, usurp marriage
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: annex a territory
ANNUM, noun age, annus, continuum of days, cycle,
ANNIHILATE, verb abolish, annul, blast, cancel, con- fifty-two weeks, full round of the seasons, period, time,
sume, crush, cut down, decimate, demolish, destroy, de- twelve months, year
vour, dismantle, dissolve, efface, eliminate, end, eradicate,
expunge, exterminate, extinguish, extirpate, invalidate, ANNUNCIATE, verb advise, affirm, announce, apprise,
kill, liquidate, massacre, negate, nullify, obliterate, over- assert, aver, communicate, convey, declare, dispatch news,
throw, quench, ravage, remove, render null and void, re- disseminate, enunciate, explain, express, get across, get
voke, ruin, slaughter, slay, snuff out, stifle, subvert, undo, through, give notice, impart, inform, keep posted, make
vitiate, wipe out, wreck known, make known publicly, make proclamation, notify,
pass on, pass on information, post, proclaim, profess, pro-
ANNOUNCE, verb acquaint, advertise, advise, affirm, mulgate, pronounce, propound, publicize, publish, report,
allege, annunciate, apprise, assert, asservate, aver, broad- specify, state, tell, transmit
cast, bruit, bulletin, circulate, communicate, contend, con-
vey, declare, disabuse, disclose, disseminate, enunciate, ANOMALOUS, adjective aberrant, abnormal, anomalis-
foretell, give out, herald, inform, maintain, make manifest, tic, atypical, awry, breaking with tradition, deranged, deviat-
mention, notify, observe, post, proclaim, profess, prognos- ing from the common rule, deviative, disarranged, disjunct,
ticate, promulgate, pronounce, propound, publish, relate, dislocated, disordered, disorganized, divergent, eccentric,
report, reveal, set forth, signal, speak, specify, state, tell, erratic, in disorder, in the wrong place, inconsistent, irregular,
transmit, trumpet, utter misplaced, nonstandard, nonuniform, not conforming to the
usual, out of keeping, out of order, out of the ordinary, pecu-
ANNOUNCEMENT, noun broadcast, bulletin, communi- liar, solecistic, uncommon, unconventional, uncustomary,
cation, communiqué, declaration, disclosure, dissemina- unnatural, unrepresentative, untypical, unusual
tion, exposé, exposition, gazette, manifesto, message,
news, notice, notification, posting, proclamation, promul- ANOMALY, noun aberration, abnormality, amorphism,
gation, pronouncement, publication, release, report, state- curiosity, departure, deviation, discrepancy, divergence,
ment, utterance eccentricity, exception, incongruity, inconsistency, irregu-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: legal notice larity, monstrosity, nonconformity, oddity, peculiarity,
quirk, singularity, subnormality, unconformity, unnatural-
ANNOY, verb acerbate, affront, aggravate, badger, be- ness, variance
devil, bother, chafe, cross, discommode, discompose,
displease, disquiet, distress, disturb, enrage, exasperate, ANONYMOUS, adjective authorless, bearing no name,
fester, fret, gall, get on the nerves of, grate, grieve, harass, having no acknowledged name, incognito, innominate,
harm, harry, heckle, hector, importune, incommode, incon- nameless, of unknown authorship, secret, sine nomine,
venience, infest, irk, irritate, nag, needle, offend, pain, unacknowledged, unclaimed, undesignated, unidentified,
pester, pique, plague, provoke, rankle, roil, ruffle, thwart, unknown, unnamed, unsigned, unspecified, without a
torment, trouble, upset, vex name, without the name of the author
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: anonymous donor
ANNUITY, noun allotment, allowance, annua pecunia,
annual allowance, earnings, income, pension, remunera- ANSWER (Judicial response), noun confutation, contra-
tion, retirement income, return, specified income payable dictory evidence, countercharge, counterclaim, counterevi-
for life, stipend, subsidy, subvention, yearly payment dence, counterreply, counterstatement, defense, denial,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: annuity by a trust, annuity by will, an- legal argument, negation, negative evidence, official reply,
nuity contract, annuity policy, antenuptial annuity, life insur- opposite evidence, plea, plea in rebuttal, rebuttal, rebutting
ance annuity, verifiable annuity evidence, recrimination, refutation, rejoinder, replication,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Annua nec debitum judex non separat reply to a charge, surrebuttal, surrebutter, surrejoinder
ipsum. A judge does not divide annuities nor debt. ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: amended answer, appearance by an
answer, frivolous answer, general appearance, notice of ap-
ANNUL, verb abnegate, abolere, abolish, abrogare, ab- pearance, responsive answer, sham answer, supplemental
rogate, annihilate, avoid, call back, cancel, cancel out, answer
contradict, contravene, countermand, counterorder, deny, FOREIGN PHRASES: Ambigua responsio contra proferen-
destroy, discontinue, disestablish, efface, end, expunge, tem est accipienda. An ambiguous answer is to be taken
exterminate, extinguish, invalidate, make illegal, make against him who offers it.
void, negate, nullify, obliterate, overrule, put an end to, re-
call, reduce to nothing, reduce to nought, relinquish, ren- ANSWER (Reply), noun acknowledgment, denial, ne-
der null and void, render void, renege, repeal, repudiate, gation, reaction, rebuttal, refutal, rejoinder, repartee, repli-
rescind, retract, reverse, revoke, set aside, solvere, strike cation, respondence, response, retort, return, riposte
out, supersede, terminate, unmake, vitiate, void, withdraw ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: argumentative answer, irrelevant an-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: annul a marriage, annul a statute, nol-pros swer, nonresponsive answer, responsive answer

34
 ANTIPATHY

ANSWER (Solution), noun cause, elucidation, explana- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS:antecedent creditors, antecedent debt,
tion, finding, outcome, reason, resolution, result, revela- preexisting debts, preexisting liabilities
tion, verdict
ANTECEDENT, noun ancestor, ancestry, before men-
ANSWER (Be responsible), verb be accountable, be an- tioned, derivation, forerunner, former, last, lineage, original,
swerable, be bound, be chargeable, be compelled, be lia- patriarch, pedigree, pioneer, precedent, precursor, prede-
ble, be obligated, be obliged, be subject, be surety, be cessor, preliminary, premise, primogenitor, progenitor,
under legal obligation, undertake responsibility stock

ANSWER (Reply), verb acknowledge, act in response to, ANTEDATE, verb affix an earlier date, anachronize, as-
be responsive, confute, contend, contest, contradict, contra- sign to an earlier date, date back, date before the true date,
vene, controvert, counter, counterclaim, debate, defeat, date before the true time, date earlier than the fact, fore-
defend, deny, disclaim, disprove, dispute, forswear, im- date, predate, set an earlier date, transfer to an earlier date
pugn, make a rejoinder, oppose, oppugn, plead, rebut, re-
fute, rejoin, repudiate, rescribere, respond, retaliate, retort, ANTENUPTIAL AGREEMENT, noun agreement before
return, riposte, say in reply, se defendere, traverse marriage, concord before marriage, contract before mar-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: answer in the alternative, argumenta- riage, legal arrangement before marriage, pact before mar-
tive answer riage, understanding before marriage

ANSWER (Respond legally), verb contest, controvert, ANTICIPATE (Expect), verb antevertere, assume, be
counterblast, countercharge, counterclaim, defend, plead, ready for, calculate on, consider in advance, contemplate,
rebut, recriminate, rejoin, reply, surrejoin count on, forearm, get the start on, guard against, have in
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: appearance by an answer, argumenta-
prospect, hold in view, intuit, make preparations, plan on,
tive answer, supplemental answer preconceive, predispose, prepare for, suppose, surmise,
wait for
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: anticipated profits, anticipating de-
ANSWER FOR (Act for), verb act on behalf of, appear for,
be accepted for, be attorney for, be proxy for, be regarded fenses, anticipation notes, anticipatory breach, anticipatory
as, be responsible for, be taken as, be the equivalent of, repudiation, anticipatory warrant, duty to anticipate in neg-
count for, front for, go as, pass as, pass for, represent, serve ligence
as, stand for, stand in place for, stand in place of, substitute
for, take responsibility for, take the blame ANTICIPATE (Prognosticate), verb announce in ad-
vance, augur, auspicate, betoken, conjecture, divine, fore-
bode, forecast, foreknow, foreshow, forespeak, harbinger,
ANSWER FOR (Sponsor), verb champion, commit, con-
have a presentiment, herald, look forward to, omen, por-
tract, defend, endorse, ensure, favor, guarantee, indemnify,
tend, praevertere, preannounce, precognize, predetermine,
insure, promote, protect, support, sustain, undertake, up-
predict, premonish, presage, prophesy, vaticinate
hold
ANTICIPATION (Expectation), noun apprehension, con-
ANTAGONISM, noun adversity, animosity, animus, templation, divination, forecast, foreseeing, foresight, im-
antipathy, bad blood, belligerence, bitterness, combative- minence, insight, intuition, preconception, prediction, prep-
ness, conflict, contrariness, controversy, disaffection, aration, prescience, presentiment, prolepsis, second sight
discord, discordance, dissent, dissonance, estrangement,
friction, hatred, hostility, inhospitableness, jaundice, loath- ANTICIPATION (Likelihood), noun contemplation, ex-
ing, malice, malignancy, pugnacity, rancor, strife, vendetta, pectancy, foreboding, forecast, hope, outlook, possibility,
venom, vindictiveness, virulence, vitriol preconception, preoccupation, presumption, prevision,
probability, prospect
ANTAGONIZE, verb act in opposition to, aggress, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: anticipation of income, anticipation of
alienate, cause dislike, cause offense, cause umbrage, injuries
compete with, conflict with, contend against, counteract,
cross, destroy good will, disaffect, displease, embitter, ANTIPATHETIC (Distasteful), adjective abhorrent, bitter,
envenom, estrange, excite hate, go against, incur the hos- disagreeable, disgusting, displeasing, hateful, loathsome,
tility of, irritate, make an antagonist of, make unfriendly, odious, offensive, repellent, repugnant, repulsive, undesir-
offend, oppose, provoke, render inimical, repel, rival, run able, uninviting, unsatisfactory, virulent
counter to, set against, set at odds, show ill will, spite, take
issue with, take one’s stand against, turn against, work ANTIPATHETIC (Oppositional), adjective adverse, alien,
against alienated, antagonistic, antipodean, antithetic, antithetical,
at cross-purposes, averse, conflicting, constitutionally op-
ANTECEDE, verb antedate, forerun, go before, have posed, contradictory, contradistinct, contrapositive, con-
precedence, precede, predate, prevene trary, contrasted, converse, counter, diametrically opposite,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: ancestor, antecedent creditor, anteced- having a natural contrariety, inimical, negatory, opposed,
ent debt, antecedent encumbrance, antecedent fraud, ante- opposing, opposite, oppositive, oppugnant, resistant, re-
cedent promise verse, unfriendly, unpropitious

ANTECEDENT, adjective antecedens, anterior, earlier, ANTIPATHY, noun abhorrence, abomination, alien-
first, fore, foregoing, forerunning, former, going before ation, anathema, animosity, antagonism, antipode, aver-
in time, inaugural, introductory, precedent, preceding, sion, clashing, collision, conflict, contradiction, contrari-
precursive, precursory, preexistent, prefatory, prelimi- ness, detestation, deviation, difference, disagreement,
nary, prelusive, preparatory, prevenient, previous, prior disapprobation, disfavor, disgust, disinclination, dislike,

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 ANTIPODE

enmity, execration, hatred, horror, hostility, ill will, incom- features, having unique qualities, independent, irrelative,
patibility, inimicalness, loathing, malice, odium, opposition, isolated, no relation, removed, separare, separate, sepa-
rancor, reluctance, repugnance, repulsion, unfriendliness rated, solo, solus, unaffiliated, unallied, unassociated, unat-
tached, unconnected, unjoined
ANTIPODE, noun absolute difference, adverseness, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: living apart
adversus, antimony, antipathy, antipodes, antipole, antith-
esis, collision, conflict, contradiction, contradistinction, APARTMENT, noun home, place of residence, prem-
contraindication, contraposition, contrariety, contrariness, ises, residence
contrary, contrast, converse, counteraction, countermean- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: condominium, cooperative apartment
ing, counterpart, counterpole, direct opposite, disagree-
ment, inconsistency, inverse, inversion, negation, obverse, APATHETIC, adjective aloof, bored, callous, careless,
opposite, opposite extreme, opposite pole, opposite side, casual, cold, cold-blooded, cursory, disinterested, drag-
oppositeness, opposition, other extreme, polarity, repug- ging, dull, frigid, heartless, heedless, impassive, inactive,
nance, reverse, vis-à-vis inattentive, incurious, indifferent, indolent, inert, inexpres-
sive, insensible, insentient, insouciant, lackadaisical, lan-
ANTIQUATED, adjective aged, anachronistic, ancient, guid, lax, lethargic, lifeless, listless, lukewarm, nonchalant,
antediluvian, antique, archaic, disused, fossilized, mori- obtuse, otiose, passionless, passive, perfunctory, phleg-
bund, obsolescent, obsolete, old, olden, old-fashioned, matic, sluggish, soulless, spiritless, stoical, stolid, stony,
ossified, outdated, outmoded, out-of-date, outworn, passé, supine, torpid, unaffected, unanimated, unemotional, un-
prehistoric, primitive, quaint, retired, rundown, superannu- enthusiastic, unfeeling, unimpassioned, uninquisitive, unin-
ated, timeworn, unfashionable terested, unmoved, unsusceptible

ANTIQUE, adjective ancient, antedeluvian, archaic, by- APLOMB, noun assurance, backbone, balance, boldness,
gone, old, old-fashioned, older, superannuated, timeworn, calmness, composure, confidence, constancy, correctness,
venerable decorum, demeanor, deportment, dignity, elegance, equa-
nimity, equilibrium, grit, intrepidity, levelheadedness, poise,
ANTITHESIS, noun absolute difference, adverseness, presence of mind, resolution, restraint, security, self-posses-
antipode, balanced contrast, conflict, contentio, contradic- sion, self-reliance, solidity, stability, stature, steadiness
tion, contradistinction, contraposition, contrariety, contrar-
ium, contrary, contrast, converse, counterpart, counterpole, APOLOGIST, noun advocate, arguer in defense, cham-
direct opposite, disagreement, divergence, incompatibility, pion, defender, defensor, disputant, excuser, exponent,
inverse, irreconcilability, mutual exclusiveness, opposite, expositer, expounder, favorer, justifier, pleader, proponent,
opposite pole, opposition, other extreme, polarity, reverse, protector, supporter, upholder
strong contrast
APOLOGY, noun acknowledgment, admission, amends,
ANTITHETICAL, adjective adverse, alien, antipathetic, atonement, concession, defense, explanation, expression
antipodal, clashing, conflicting, contradictory, contrarian, of remorse, mitigation, regret, sorrow
contrary, controverted, converse, counter, cross, diametric,
diametrical, diametrically opposed, disparate, dissident, APPALLING, adjective abhorrent, abominable, atro-
dissimilar, divergent, inconsistent, inimical, inverse, ob- cious, beneath contempt, contemptible, deplorable, despi-
verse, opposed, opposite, polar, polarized, unlike cable, detestable, dreadful, foul, frightening, frightful,
ghastly, ghoulish, gruesome, harrowing, hateful, heinous,
ANTITRUST ACT, noun against fair trade, against free horrendous, horrid, horrifying, loathsome, obnoxious, odi-
commerce, against free mercantilism, against free trade, ous, offensive, outrageous, pathetic, pitiful, repellent, rep-
against open business, against open markets, contrary to rehensible, repulsive, revolting, shameful, shocking, terri-
good business ble, terrifying, unspeakable, vile, villainous
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: appalling conduct, contempt of court,
ANXIETY, noun agitation, alarm, angst, anguish, anx- harassment
iousness, apprehension, concern, consternation, despera-
tion, discomfort, discomposure, dismay, disquiet, disqui- APPARENT (Perceptible), adjective able to be seen,
etude, distraction, doubt, dread, edginess, fear, hysteria, clear, conspicuous, definite, detectable, discernible, dis-
jitters, jumpiness, misgiving, nervousness, panic, presenti- tinct, easily seen, evident, explicit, exposed, express, fic-
ment, restlessness, solicitude, strain, stress, suspense, ten- tus, identifiable, in sight, in view, indubitable, known,
sion, uncertainty, uneasiness, vexation, worry manifest, manifestus, noticeable, notorious, obvious, open,
open to view, overt, palpable, patent, perceivable, plain,
ANXIOUS, adjective afraid, aggrieved, antsy, appre- real, recognizable, self-evident, showing, species, tangible,
hensive, bothered, concerned, disquieted, distraught, dis- uncovered, undisguised, videor, viewable, visible
tressed, disturbed, eager, edgy, expectant, fearful, fluttery, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: apparent ability, apparent agency,
fretful, hypertensive, ill at ease, insecure, jittery, jumpy, apparent authority, apparent cause, apparent danger, ap-
nervous, overwrought, panicky, perturbed, restless, shaky, parent defect, apparent easement, apparent from the re-
shook-up, skittish, solicitous, stressed, stressed out, tense, cord, apparent necessity, apparent ownership, apparent
troubled, uncomfortable, undone, uneasy, unglued, un- partnership, apparent risk, apparent scope of authority,
nerved, unquiet, unstrung, upset, uptight, vexed, worried apparent use

APART, adjective alien, alone, asunder, detached, dis- APPARENT (Presumptive), adjective appearing, as-
connected, disengaged, disjoined, disjoint, disjointed, dis- sumptive, conjectural, contemplated, evidential, expected,
junct, disrelated, dissociated, distare, disunited, diversus, hopeful, intended, likely, logical, manifest, ostensible,
foreign, having independent qualities, having unique plausible, premised, presumable, probable, proposed,

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 APPERCEPTION

propositional, prospective, seeming, suggestive, suppos- APPEARANCE (Coming into court), noun answer, en-
able, supposed, suppositional, suppositionary, supposi- trance in a case, presence in court, response to an action,
tive, taken for granted, to be supposed submission to a court’s jurisdiction
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: apparent heir, apparent validity ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: compulsory appearance, general ap-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Quod constat clare non debet verificari. pearance, limited appearance, special appearance, specific
What is clearly apparent is not required to be proved. appearance, voluntary appearance
Quod constat curiae opere testium non indiget. That
which appears to the court needs not the help of witnesses. APPEARANCE (Emergence), noun adventus, arrival into
view, coming, evincement, introduction, manifestation, oc-
APPEAL, noun appellate review, appellatio, application currence, rise
for retrial, application for review by a higher tribunal, bid,
complaint to a superior court, obtestatio, petition, reconsid- APPEARANCE (Look), noun air, aspect, aspectus, com-
eration, recourse to some higher power, reexamination, re- plexion, demeanor, embodiment, external aspect, face,
hearing, reopening, request for another decision, request for form, guise, likeness, manner, mien, outward look, outward
retrial, request for review, resort to superior authority, re- show, personal presence, physiognomy, posture, pretense,
trial, review rem simulare, show, sight, species
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: appellate courts, appellate jurisdiction, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: appearance of authority, appearance of
certiorari validity
FOREIGN PHRASES: De fide et officio judicis non recipitur
quaestio, sed de scientia, sive sit error juris, sive facti. APPEASE, verb allay, alleviate, ameliorate, assuage, calm,
The good faith and honesty of a judge are not to be ques- capitulate, cater to, coddle, comfort, compose, conciliate,
tioned, but his knowledge, whether it be in error of law or console, content, disarm, give in, gratify, indulge, ingratiate,
fact, may be. meliorate, mollify, pacify, placate, please, propitiate, rectify,
satiate, soften, soothe, subdue, temper, tranquilize
APPEAL, verb appelare, apply for a reexamination of a
case, apply for a retrial, apply for a review of a case to a APPEASEMENT, noun accommodation, adjustment, al-
higher tribunal, bid, bring new evidence, claim, consider layment, amends, assuagement, calming, conciliation,
again with a view to a change or action, contest, contest a deadening, détente, dulcification, dulling, mitigation, mol-
case by asking for review, homini placere, obsecrare, re- lification, pacification, placation, propitiation, rapproche-
consider, reexamine, refer to, rehear, reopen, request an- ment, reconcilement, reconciliation, salving, satisfaction,
other decision, request reexamination, request reopening softening, soothing, submission, tranquilization
of a case, retry, review, seek reexamination, seek refer-
ence of a case from one court to another, seek review of a APPELLANT, noun aggrieved party, appealer, appella-
case, sue tor, contender, delator, litigant, objector, party, party to a
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: appeal as a matter of right, appeal suit, petitioner, suitor
bond, appeal in forma pauperis, appealable interest, ap- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: appellee, respondant
pealable judgment, appealable order, appealed from an
order of the court, discretionary appeal, perfect on appeal APPELLATE COURT, noun court of appellate jurisdic-
tion, court of review, higher court, senior court
APPEAL ON THE MERITS, noun appeal for reconsidera- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: appellate division, appellate jurisdic-
tion to a higher court, appeal for review by a higher tribu- tion, appellate term
nal, appeal on the law, challenge on the merits to a lower
court’s decision, challenge to the legal rationale of a lower APPELLATION, noun alias, appellative, assumed name,
court, challenge to the legal reasoning of the lower court, call, calling, characterization, cognomen, definition, de-
remedy for an improper decision, remedy for an improper nomination, description, designation, eponym, identifica-
judgment, request for fairness, request for justice, request tion, label, moniker, name, namesake, nickname, nomencla-
for legal redress, request for review, review ture, nomination, patronym, pen name, pseudonym,
sobriquet, style, surname, term, title
APPEAR (Attend court proceedings), verb adesse, an-
swer, be in attendance, be manifest, be present, be present APPEND, verb add, addere, adiungere, affix, annex, at-
to answer, come formally before a tribunal, come into court, tach, augment, conjoin, connect, extend, fasten, include,
comparere, enter an appearance, in iudicium venire, make insert, join, subjoin, supplement
an appearance, present an answer, present oneself, put in
an appearance, submit oneself to APPENDIX (Accession), noun accessory, additament,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Idem est non esse, et non apparere. Not adiungere, annexation, appendage, attachment, comple-
to exist is the same thing as not to appear. ment, extension, inclusion, insertion, pendant

APPEAR (Materialize), verb apparere, arise, be in sight, APPENDIX (Supplement), noun accessio, addendum,
be manifest, become visible, come into sight, come into addere, addition, adjunct, appendage, attachment, codicil,
view, come to light, conspici, manifest itself, occur, present continuation, excursus, rider
to the view ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: pocket part

APPEAR (Seem to be), verb be patent, convey the im- APPERCEPTION, noun acumen, appreciation, astute-
pression, create the impression, give the effect, give the ness, awareness, cognition, cognizance, conception, discern-
impression, have a certain semblance, have every indica- ment, foresight, insight, intellect, judgment, knowledge,
tion, look, look as if, present the appearance, resemble, mentality, penetration, perception, perspicacity, psyche,
seem like, strike one as being, take on the aspect, take on realization, reason, reasoning power, recognition, sagac-
the manner, videri, wear the aspect ity, sense, understanding

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 APPERTAIN

APPERTAIN, verb affect, allude to, apply to, associate, APPOINTED COUNSEL, noun appointed attorney, ap-
be akin, be applicable, be characteristic of, be concerned pointed cocounsel, appointed counsel, appointed counsel
with, be congruent, be connected with, be dependent upon, representing a party, appointed legal adversary, appointed
be incident to, be intrinsic, be part of, be pertinent, bear on, legal counsel, appointed legal opponent, appointed legal
belong as a part, belong as an attribute, concern, deal with, representative, appointed litigating attorney, appointed
depend upon, have reference, have relation, inhere, inter- litigating counsel, appointed litigation attorney, appointed
est, involve, link, pertain, refer, regard, relate, touch litigation counsel, appointed litigator

APPLIANCE, noun accessory, adjunct, apparatus, appur- APPOINTMENT (Act of designating), noun allocation, al-
tenance, attachment, commodity, contrivance, convenience, lotment, assignment, authorization, certification, charter,
device, equipment, facility, implement, instrument, instru- choice, decree, delegation, deputation, designation to office,
mentum, labor-saving device, machine, means, mechanism, dispensation, distribution, installation, naming, nomination,
piece of apparatus, precision tool, tool, utensil, utility order, ordination, placing in office, requirement, selection
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: fixtures ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: agency, delegation, limited power of
appointment
APPLICABILITY, noun adequacy, application, apposi-
tion, aptitude, aptness, availability, efficacy, efficiency, ex- APPOINTMENT (Meeting), noun agreement as to time
pediency, felicity, pertinence, practicability, propriety, and place of meeting, date, engagement, interview, ren-
qualification, regard, relativity, relevancy, serviceability, dezvous, tryst, visit
usability, usefulness, utility, utilizability
APPOINTMENT (Position), noun capacity, chargeship,
APPLICABLE, adjective à propos, acceptable, adapt- employment, function, incumbency, job, living, occupation,
able, adapted to, appertaining, appliable, appropriate, apt, office, post, profession, sphere of occupation, station, un-
befit, befitting, belonging, fit, fitting, germane, pertinent, dertaking, vocation, work
proper, relevant, right, sortable, suitable, to the point, us- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: agency, authority
able, useful, utilizable
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: applicable law, applicable local law APPORTION, verb administer, adsignare, allocate, allot,
assign, assort, award, carve up, classify, deal out, delimit,
APPLICANT (Candidate), noun aspirant, bidder, candi- demarcate, dispense, dispertire, disseminate, distribuere,
date under consideration, entrant, inquirer distribute, distribute proportionately, divide, divide accord-
ing to rule, divide into shares, divide proportionately, divide
APPLICANT (Petitioner), noun claimant, moveant, up, dole out, measure out, mete, mete out, parcel out, par-
party, petitioner, solicitant tition, place in order, portion out, portion out equitably,
prorate, set in order, share, split, subdivide
APPLICATION, noun advancement, bid, motion, petitio,
petition, presentation, proposal, proposition, request, requi- APPORTIONED, adjective administered, allocated, al-
sition, requisition to the court, submission lotted, appropriated, assigned, carved up, dealt, dis-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: application duly made, application for a pensed, distributed, divided, divvied up, doled out, mea-
change of venue, application for a discharge, application for a sured, meted, parceled out, portioned, proportioned, pro
review, application for adjournment, application of payments, rata, prorated, rationed, split up
application to the court, insurance application, motion ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: apportioning assessment, apportion-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Contemporanea expositio est optima et ing compensation, apportioning damages, apportioning li-
fortissima in lege. A contemporaneous construction is the ability, apportioning taxes
best and strongest in the law.
APPORTIONMENT, noun administration, allocation, al-
APPLY (Pertain), verb affect, be applicable, be con- lotment, allowance, assignment, assignment in proportion,
cerned with, be connected with, be pertinent, be proper to, consignment, disposition, distribution, division, division in
be relevant, bear upon, belong to, concern, deal with, have proportion, doling out, issuance, just division, measuring
a connection to, have bearing on, have reference, have re- out, meting out, partition, partitionment, proportionment
lation, involve, pertinere ad, refer, regard, relate, touch ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: apportionment of blame, apportion-
ment of damages, apportionment of liability, apportion-
APPLY (Put in practice), verb adapt, adjust, admovere, ment of taxes, comparative negligence, doctrine of appor-
adopt, carry out, convert to use, employ, execute, exercise, tionment, pro tanto
exert, put in action, put in operation, put to use, use, utilize
APPOSITE, adjective accordant, ad rem, adapted, af-
APPLY (Request), verb ad hominem confugere, ask, homi- filiated, affinitive, allied, applicable, applying to, appropri-
nem adire, make formal request, petition, pray, seek, solicit ate, appurtenant, apropos, apt, associated, associative,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: motion bearing upon, befitting, belonging to, cognate, compara-
ble, compatible, congeneric, congenerous, congenial, con-
APPOINT, verb approve, assign, authorize, charge, natural, connected, consistent, consonant, correlated, cor-
charter, choose, commission, confirm, constituere, create, relative, correspondent, corresponding, fit, fitting,
delegate, depute, designate, destinare, dicere, direct, em- germane, in accordance with, in conjunction with, in loco,
ploy, empower, engage, enlist, entrust, establish, facere, in relation with, pertinent, reconcilable, relating to, relative,
give a mandate, license, name, pick, pick out, proclaim, relevant, seasonable, suitable, suited, timely, to the point,
require, sanction, select to the purpose, well-adapted, with reference to
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: appoint to fill a vacancy, appoint under
a will, appointing officer, appointing power, appointive of- APPOSITION, noun abutment, abuttal, adjacency, admis-
fice, public officers sibility, affiliation, applicability, application, appropriateness,

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 APPROACHES

aptitude, aptness, bearing, concern, conjunction, connection, take, take by authority, take captive, take into custody, take
contiguity, felicity, fitness, function, interconnection, interest, prisoner
junction, juxtaposition, mutual relation, nearness, pertinence,
placing, propinquity, propriety, proximity, reference, regard, APPREHEND (Perceive), verb appreciate, be acquainted
relation, relativeness, relativity, relevance, respect, side by with, be apprized of, be aware of, be cognizant of, be
side, state of suitability, union conscious of, be under the impression, become aware of,
cognize, come to know, comprehend, comprehendere,
APPRAISAL, noun appraisement, assessment, calcula- conceive of, detect, discern, discover by observation,
tion, computation, determination, estimate, estimated fathom, have an impression, have an understanding of,
value, estimation, evaluation, examination, fixing a price, have cognizance of, have knowledge of, ken, know en-
measurement, quantification, reckoning, setting a price, tirely, know of, know well, learn, master, realize, recog-
setting the value, survey, valuation nize, regard as, see, sense, surmise, understand, view
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: appraisal at actual value, appraisal at
estimated value, appraisal at market value, appraisal value APPREHENSIBLE, adjective accountable, cognizable,
coherent, comprehensible, conceivable, discoverable, ex-
APPRAISE, verb appreciate, assess, balance, calculate, com- plicable, fathomable, intelligible, knowable, penetrable,
pare, conjecture, consider, diagnose, differentiate, discriminate, perceivable, perceptive, realizable, recognizable, scrutable,
distinguish, estimate, evaluate, excise, fathom, gauge, judge, understandable, unmistakable
measure, opine, ponder, price, rank, rate, reckon, size up, sort
out, sound, sum up, survey, take stock, value, weigh APPREHENSION (Act of arresting), noun arrest, caption,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: appraise value of property, criminal
capture, catch, confinement, detention, holding in custody,
record, misconduct imprisonment, incarceration, internment, restraint, reten-
tion, seizure, taking, taking hold
APPRECIABLE, adjective appraisable, ascertainable, as-
sessable, calculable, capable of being perceived, cognizable,
APPREHENSION (Fear), noun agitation, alarm, anticipa-
computable, concrete, considerable, conspicuous, count-
tion of adversity, anxiety, apprehensiveness, care, concern,
able, detectable, determinable, discernible, discoverable,
consternation, distrust, foreboding, misdoubt, misgiving,
distinguishable, estimable, evident, fathomable, gaugeable,
mistrust, overanxiety, perturbation, phobia, presentiment,
knowable, manifest, material, measurable, mensurable,
qualm, sense of danger, suspicion, threat, trepidation, un-
mensural, meterable, notable, noticeable, observable, pal-
easiness, worry
pable, patent, perceivable, perceptible, perspicuous, pon-
derable, prominent, recognizable, seeable, sizable, substan-
tial, substantive, surveyable, tangible, visible, weighable APPREHENSION (Perception), noun cognition, cogni-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: appreciable damages, appreciable losses
zance, comprehension, conception, discernment, grasp,
idea, image, impression, intellection, judgment, knowl-
APPRECIATE (Comprehend), verb acknowledge, appre- edge, mastery, mental capacity, notion, observation,
hend, be aware of, be cognizant of, be conscious of, con- opinion, recognition, reflection, sense, thought, under-
ceive, discern, know, notice, perceive, realize, recognize, standing, view
take into consideration, take notice, understand
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: appreciate a risk, appreciate the danger APPREHENSIVE, adjective afraid, agitated, alarmed,
anticipative of evil, anxious, aware, bothered, cognizant,
APPRECIATE (Increase), verb advance, become greater, concerned, conscious, disquieted, distrustful, expectant,
become more numerous, become of greater value, enhance fearful, hesitant, leery, mindful, mistrustful, nervous, per-
the degree of, gain in worth, grow in value, improve, increase ceptive, pusillanimous, qualmish, qualmy, sagacious,
the market price of, make of greater value, rise, rise in value shrewd, solicitous, suspicious, terrified, timid, tremulous,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: appreciate in value troubled, uneasy, vigilant, wise, worried

APPRECIATE (Value), verb adequately perceive, aesti- APPRENTICE, noun beginner, learner, novice, novitiate,
mare, esteem, perceive the worth of, realize the worth of, probationer, worker
recognize the worth of
APPRISE, verb acquaint, advise, alert, announce, brief,
APPRECIATION (Increased value), noun accrual, accrue- communicate, convey knowledge, counsel, describe, dis-
ment, accumulation, added monetary worth, addition, ad- close, divulge, enlighten, familiarize, give information, give
vance in worth, gain, gain in worth, growth, growth in notice, impart knowledge, inform, instruct, let know, make
value, increase, increased price, increment, realization, rise, aware, make cognizant, make known, notify, orient, point
rise in value out, publish, report, reveal, tell, warn
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: apprise of the facts
APPRECIATION (Perception), noun apperception, ap-
praisal, appraisment, assessment, awareness, clear per- APPROACH, verb accedere, accost, advance, adven-
ception, cognition, cognizance, comprehension, con- tare, appropinquare, be in proximity, be in sight of, be in
sciousness, correct valuation, discernment, estimation, the neighborhood of, be in the vicinity of, be near, come
full appraisal, just estimation, measurement, recognition, forward, come near, confront, converge upon, draw near,
valuation edge close to, get near, go near, move near, move toward,
pursue, stalk, step up to, verge on
APPREHEND (Arrest), verb capture, catch, commit,
comprehendere, confine, constrain, detain, detain by legal APPROACHES, noun accesses, avenues, channels, en-
process, fetter, hold, legally restrain, place under arrest, put trances, entranceways, entryways, gates, highways, ingresses,
in restraint, put under arrest, restrain, seize, send to prison, inlets, intakes, means of access, passages, routes, ways

39
 APPROBATE

APPROBATE, verb accept, accredit, acquiesce, admire, countenance, endorse, favor, make valid, probare, ratify,
adopt, advocate, agree with, applaud, approve, assent, au- sanction, second, support, sustain, uphold, validate
thorize, back, commend, concur, confirm, consent, counte-
nance, endorse, esteem, favor, laud, license, pass, praise, APPROVED (Agreed), adjective acknowledged, admit-
prize, ratify, recognize, recommend, salute, sanction, sup- ted, allowable, allowed, arranged, completed, contracted
port, validate, value for, decided, eligible, formal, meritorious, permissible, set-
tled, stipulated
APPROBATION, noun acceptance, acclamation, acqui-
escence, admiration, adoption, advocacy, agreement, ap- APPROVED (Authoritative), adjective accepted, ac-
plause, appreciation, approval, assent, attestation, com- credited, authentic, authoritative, conceded, conventional,
mendation, compliment, concurrence, congratulation, established, fixed, granted, legal, official, prescriptive,
consent, countenance, encomium, encouragement, en- proper, right, standard, unimpeachable, warranted
dorsement, esteem, eulogy, honor, laudation, leave, license, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: approve a claim, approve a public
mention, permit, praise, ratification, recognition, recom- contract, approve a stipulation, approve a transcript, ap-
mendation, regard, respect, sanction, satisfaction, support proved adoption, approved the findings of the court, settle
on order
APPROPRIATE, adjective accommodatus, accordant,
accurate, adapted to, admissible, applicable, apposite, ap- APPROXIMATE, adjective alike, almost, approaching,
ropos, apt, aptus, befitting, concordant, condign, conform- close, comparable, estimated, imprecise, in the vicinity of,
able, congruens, congruous, consistent, consonant, correct, inexact, like, much the same, nearly accurate, nearly cor-
correspondent, exact, expedient, fine, fit, fitting, germane, rect, nearly equal, nearly perfect, nearly resembling, nigh,
good, harmonious, likely, meet, opportune, pertinent, not perfectly accurate, propinquus, proximal, proximate,
practicable, precise, proper, relevant, right, rightful, seemly, similar, surmised, uncertain, unprecise
suitable, suited, timely, well-suited ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: approximate value
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: appropriate bargaining unit, appropri-
ate cause of action, appropriate remedy APPROXIMATE, verb accedere ad, advance near to, ap-
proach, approach closely, approach in amount, be in the
APPROPRIATE, verb acquire, adopt, annex, arrogate, vicinity of, be near, border on, closely resemble, come close
assume, assume ownership, borrow, capture, claim, pos- in estimation, come close to, come near, come near in posi-
sess, take, take over tion, compare with, draw near, nearly equal, nearly rival,
resemble
APPROPRIATION (Allotment), noun allocation, allow-
ance, apportionment, budget, budgeting, concession, des- APPROXIMATION, noun approach, calculation, com-
ignation of use, dispensation, distribution, setting apart putation, contiguity, correspondence, estimate, estimation,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: appropriation bill, appropriation for pub- inexactitude, inexactness, interpolation, likeness, measure,
lic use, appropriation of money, budgetary appropriation nearness, neighborhood, parity, propinquity, proximity,
reckoning, resemblance, rough closeness, rough equiva-
APPROPRIATION (Donation), noun benefaction, be- lent, sameness, semblance, similitude, tally, unpreciseness,
stowal, contribution, disbursement, endowment, funding, vicinity
gift, grant, guerdon, meed, sponsorship
APPURTENANCE, noun accession, accessory, accompa-
APPROPRIATION (Taking), noun accroachment, acqui- niment, addendum, additament, addition, adjunct, annex,
sition, adoption, annexation, apprehension, assumption, annexation, annexe, appanage, appendage, appendant,
capture, confiscation, conversion, dispossession, disseisin, appendix, attachment, auxiliary, concomitant, dependency,
divestment, expropriation, impoundment, impropriation, extension, incidental, pendant, something added, subsid-
seizure, snatching, taking possession iary, supplement
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: appropriation from revenues, appro- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accession, appurtenance to realty, ap-
priation of land, appropriation of payment purtenant right, conveyance of property, covenants, deeds
of conveyance, easement appurtenant, easements, fixture
APPROVAL, noun acceptance, accord, acknowledg-
ment, acquiescence, adoption, affirmance, affirmation, APPURTENANT, adjective accessory, adjunct, ancillary,
agreement, allowance, approbatio, approbation, assent, as- annexed, appended, appertaining, attached, auxiliary, be-
surance, authentication, authorization, comprobatio, con- longing, connected, dependent on, incident, necessarily
cordance, concurrence, confirmation, consent, counte- connected, subsidiary, used with another thing
nance, encouragement, endorsement, expression of ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: appurtenant passage of air, appurte-
satisfaction, favor, license, nod of approbation, permit, rati- nant passage of light, appurtenant to land, appurtenant
fication, recognition, sanction, support, toleration, valida- watercourse, causa rei, dominant land, servient land
tion, verification
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: acceptance by a bank, approved en- APROPOS, adjective akin, applicable, apposite, ap-
dorsed note, sale on approval propriate, apt, belonging, concerning, connected, felici-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Qui non improbat, approbat. He who tous, fit, germane, linked, pertaining to, pertinent, related,
does not disapprove, approves. Quod approbo non rep- relevant, suitable
robo. That which I approve I do not later reject.
APT (Appropriate), adjective applicable, apposite, ap-
APPROVE, verb accede to, accept, acquiesce in, adopt, propriate, apropos, artful, comely, concordant, congruous,
advocate, affirm, agree to, allow, approbare, approbate, consonant, correct, deft, expedient, expert, felicitous, fit,
assent to, authenticate, authorize, be in favor of, be satisfied germane, given to, harmonious, inclined, liable, likely, op-
with, certify, comprobare, concur in, confirm, consent to, portune, pertinent, practiced, presumable, probable, prone,

40
 ARGUE

proper, qualified, quick, ready, relative, relevant, resource- ARBITRATOR, noun adjudicator, arbiter, determiner,
ful, right, seemly, subject to, subtle, suitable, timely, veri- disceptator, interagent, interceder, intercessor, intermedi-
similar, viable, well-chosen ary, intermediate, intervenor, interventionist, judicator,
moderator, negotiant, negotiator, reconciler, referee, refer-
APT (Gifted), adjective able, accomplished, adroit, endary, ruler
alert, bright, clever, competent, dexterous, expert, fitted, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: arbitration and award, arbitrator’s au-
gifted, handy, proficient, sharp, skillful, smart thority, arbitrator’s award, board of arbitrators, scope of
arbitrator’s authority
APTITUDE, noun ability, applicability, bent, endowment,
faculty, fitness, flair, gift, inclination, innate ability, intelligence, ARCANE, adjective esoteric, incomprehensible, inex-
learning, propensity, propriety, suitability, talent, tendency plicable, inscrutable, mysterious, recondite, unaccountable,
unfathomable, unintelligible, unrecognizable
ARBITER, noun adjudicator, advisor, arbiter, arbitrator,
determiner, disceptator, final authority, interagent, inter- ARCHAIC, adjective ancient, antediluvian, anti-
ceder, intercessor, intermediary, intermediate, intermedia- quated, extinct, fossilized, medieval, obsolescent, obso-
tor, intervener, mediator, moderator, negotiant, negotiator, lete, old, old-fashioned, old-world, outdated, out-
prescriber, recommender, reconciler, referee moded, passé, prehistoric, primitive, superannuated,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: arbitrament, final arbiter timeworn

ARBITRARY, adjective according to desires, capricious, ARCHITECT, noun architectus, artificer, author, beget-
contrary to reason, determined by no principle, done at ter, builder, composer, constructor, contriver, creator, de-
pleasure, fanciful, illogical, independent of law, indepen- signer, deviser, draftsman, enterpriser, founder, framer,
dent of rule, infinitus, injudicious, irrational, libidinosus, generator, introducer, inventor, maker, organizer, originator,
nonrational, perverse, unaccountable, unjustified, unrea- planner, prime mover, projector, schemer
sonable, unreasoned, without adequate determining
principle, without consideration, without reason, without ARDENT, adjective active, ambitious, animated, aspir-
substantial cause ing, assiduous, burning, devoted, eager, earnest, enthusi-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: arbitrary act, arbitrary action, arbitrary astic, excitable, excited, fanatical, fervent, fervid, feverish,
and capricious, arbitrary classification, arbitrary determina- fierce, fiery, glowing, hearty, heated, high-spirited, impas-
tion, arbitrary standards, arbitrary verdict sioned, impatient, impetuous, industrious, inflamed, in-
tense, intensive, intent, keen, passionate, ready, sedulous,
ARBITRARY AND CAPRICIOUS, adjective absolute, serious, sincere, spirited, true, vehement, zealous
authoritative, baseless, dictatorial, dogmatic, fanciful,
groundless, impetuous, motiveless, purposeless, restric- ARDOR, noun ardency, ardor, drive, eagerness, effu-
tive, unduly, whimsical, willful siveness, élan, emotion, energy, enthusiasm, excitation
of feelings, excitement, exhilaration, fanaticism, fervency,
ARBITRATE (Adjudge), verb adjudicate, arrange, arrive fervidness, fervor, feverishness, fire, force, forcefulness,
at a conclusion, ascertain after reasoning, assess, conciliate, furor, impassionedness, intense desire, liveliness, mag-
decide, decide between opposing parties, decree, decree niloquence, passion, passionateness, perfervor, spirit,
authoritatively, determine, determine a controversy, deter- state of excitability, studium, verve, vigor, vigorousness,
mine a point at issue, dijudicare, end by a decision, fix vitality, vivacity, warmth of feeling, zeal
conclusively, give judgment, judge, judicate, lead to a deci-
sion, make a decision, mete out, order, pass judgment, ARDUOUS, adjective backbreaking, burdensome, dif-
pronounce formally, pronounce judgment, resolve, rule, ficult, exhausting, fatiguing, formidable, grueling, hard,
settle, settle by authoritative decision, sit in judgment hard-earned, hard-fought, intricate, irksome, laborious,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: mediate lofty, onerous, operose, oppressive, painful, precipitous,
punishing, rugged, severe, strenuous, tiresome, toilsome,
ARBITRATE (Conciliate), verb accord, adjust differ- tough, troublesome, trying, wearisome
ences, arrange, bring into agreement, bring into harmony,
bring to terms, bring together, disceptare, harmonize, inter- AREA (Province), noun area, arena, bounds, confines,
cede, intervene, make compatible, make peace between, demesne, domain, expanse, field, jurisdiction, limits, loca-
moderate, negotiate, prevail with, propitiate, put in accord, tion, orbit, place, premises, purview, range, realm, region,
reconcile, referee, regulate, render compatible, render con- scope, sphere, territory, vicinage, vicinity, zone
cordant, render no longer opposed, restore harmony, set- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: area variance, specific areas of the law
tle, settle differences
AREA (Surface), noun amount of surface, dimensions,
ARBITRATION, noun adjudgment, adjustment, appor- expanse, expansion, extent of surface, measured size,
tionment, appraisal, arbitrage, arbitrium, assessment, con- measurements, plane surface, proportions, real size, super-
ciliation, decision, decree, determining of a controversy, ficies, true dimensions
finding, intercession, interjacence, intermediation, interpo-
sition, intervention, judgment, rapprochement, resolution, ARGUABLE, adjective at issue, contestable, controver-
settlement sial, controvertible, debatable, disputable, in dispute, in
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: advisory arbitration, arbitrability, arbi- question, up for discussion
tration agreement, arbitration and award, arbitration award, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: arguable claim, arguable contention
arbitration clause, arbitration provision, arbitrators, binding
arbitration, compulsory arbitration, grievance arbitration, ARGUE, verb advance, affirm, allege, argumentari, as-
interest arbitration, proceeding to confirm arbitration sert, challenge, claim, confute, conligere, contend, contend
award, voluntary arbitration in argument, contest, controvert, de re disserere, debate,

41
 ARGUENDO

disagree, dispute, elucidate, emphasize, enunciate, estab- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: arise under an obligation, arise under
lish, explain, expostulate, express, maintain, make an as- the laws of the United States, arising out of a contract, aris-
sertion, oppose, present reasons against, present reasons ing out of and in the course of employment, arising out of
for, proclaim, pronounce, propose, propound, put forth, employment, arising under federal law, arising under the
reason upon, remonstrate, set forth, show, state with con- Constitution, arising upon contract, cause of action arising,
viction, stress, submit, urge counterclaim arising out of the plaintiff’s claim
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: a posteriori, a priori, ab inconvenienti,
ad hominem, arguendo ARISE (Occur), verb become operative, come about,
come to pass, eventuate, get under way, happen, proceed,
ARGUENDO, adverb for mere discussion only, for the take place, transpire
sake of argument, hypothetically
ARISE (Originate), verb accrue, be born, be derived,
ARGUMENT (Contention), noun altercation, antago- become, begin, come from, come into action, come into
nism, belligerency, bickering, breach, clashing, conflict, being, come into existence, come to be, emanate, ensue,
contentiousness, controversy, cross-purposes, debate, dif- eventuate, evolve, flow, follow, grow out of, have origin,
ference of opinion, disaccord, disagreement, discord, dis- initiate, issue forth, proceed from, spring forth, spring up,
putatio, disputation, dispute, dissension, dissent, dissi- start, start out, take birth, take origin
dence, disunion, disunity, division, divisiveness, feud, hard
feelings, hostility, ill feeling, ill will, lack of concord, misun- ARMED, adjective armatus, bristling with arms,
derstanding, opposition, oral contention, polemics, quarrel, equipped with arms, fortified, furnished with weapons, in
quarreling, strife, variance, verbal conflict, war of words, arms, issued weapons, panoplied, provided with arms,
wrangle, wrangling supplied with arms, under arms, well-armed
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: a posteriori, a priori, apex juris ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: armed burglary, armed felony, armed
FOREIGN PHRASES: In rebus manifestis, errat qui auctori- forces, armed guards
tates legum allegat; quia perspicua vera non sunt pro- FOREIGN PHRASES: Arma in armatos sumere jura sinunt.
banda. In clear cases, he errs who cites legal authorities The laws permit the taking up of arms against armed per-
because obvious truths are manifest and do not have to be sons. Ligna et lapides sub “armorum” appellatione non
proved. Argumentum ab inconvenienti est validum in continentur. Sticks and stones are not included within the
lege; quia lex non permittit aliquod inconveniens. An definition of “arms.”
argument drawn from what is inconvenient is good in law,
because the law will not permit any inconvenience. ARMISTICE, noun alliance, amity, bargain, calm, cease-
fire, cessation, cessation of hostilities, charter, compact,
ARGUMENT (Pleading), noun argument at the bar, concord, convention, covenant, détente, fault, halt to hos-
counterstatement, course of reasoning, defense, demon- tility, harmony, order, pact, peace, peacetime, quiet, recon-
stration, discourse designed to convince, disputation, cilement, reconciliation, respite, rest, serenity, settlement,
expression of opinion for or against, plea, pleading, ratio- stability, stabilization, standoff, suspension, tranquility,
nale, rebuttal, refutation, statement of defense, statement treaty, truce, understanding
offered in proof, statement tending to prove a point,
submission ARRAIGN, verb accusare, accuse, accuse of wrong,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: argument submitted to the court, clos- blame, brand, brand with reproach, bring accusation, bring
ing argument, equittable argument, legal argument, open- before a court, bring to trial, bring up for investigation,
ing argument, oral argument, preargument statement bring up on charges, call before a court, call to account,
FOREIGN PHRASES: In rebus manifestis, errat qui auctoritates charge, citare, cite, complain against, criminate, denounce,
legum allegat; quia perspicua vera non sunt probanda. denunciate, formally accuse, formally charge, formally
In clear cases, he errs who cites legal authorities because criminate, formally incriminate, implicate, incriminate, in-
obvious truths are manifest and do not have to be proved. culpate, postulare, prefer charges, prosecute

ARGUMENTATION, noun analysis, argument, bickering, ARRAIGNMENT, noun accusation, accusation in

conflict, contention, contentiousness, controversy, critical court, allegation of criminal wrongdoing, crimination
examination, dialectic, dialogue, disaccord, disagreement, through law enforcement, delation by criminal charges,
disceptation, discord, disputation, dispute, dissension, formal accusal, imputation from criminal proceeding,
logical synthesis, pattern of reasoning, polemics, quarrel- incrimination, inculpation by prosecution, judicial charge,
someness, ratiocination, wrangling prosecution
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: instructions to the jury, reargument, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: arrest, bail, felony hearing, indictment
rebuttal, summation, surrebuttal
ARRANGE (Methodize), verb adapt, adjust, allocate,
ARGUMENTATIVE, adjective belligerent, characterized apportion, bring into order, bring to terms, collocate, come
by argument, combative, contentious, dialectical, discor- to an agreement, come to terms, componere, constituere,
dant, disputatious, dissentient, eristic, eristical, factious, coordinate, determine, devise, digerere, direct, fix, fix the
given to controversy, litigious, logomachic, logomachical, order, group, manage, marshal, order, ordinare, organize,
petulant, pilpulistic, polemic, polemical, pugnacious, quar- place in order, program, put in readiness, reduce to order,
relsome regulate, resolve, schematize, set in order, settle, size,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: argumentative denial space, straighten out, systematize

ARISE (Appear), verb become manifest, become notice- ARRANGE (Plan), verb blueprint, calculate, contrive,
able, become visible, come forth, come in sight, come in view, design, devise, engineer, formulate, frame, make arrange-
come to light, come to notice, emerge, make an appearance, ments, make preparations, mark out a course, prepare,
manifest itself, present itself, reveal itself, show itself program, project, schedule, shape a course, sketch out

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 ARROGATE

ARRANGED (Agreed), adjective aligned, assorted, clas- ARREST, noun apprehension, capture, confinement,
sified, contractual, cut and dried, definite, disposed, fixed, custodial detention, imprisonment, incarceration, intern-
formal, graded, grouped, marshaled, orderly, organiza- ment, prehension, restraint, restriction, retention, seizure
tional, placed, precise, ranked, regular, settled, stated, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: extradition, rendition
systematic, uniform
ARREST (Apprehend), verb arrêt, capture, cast into
ARRANGED (Planned), adjective contrived, designed, prison, catch, commit, commit to an institution, commit to
devised, established, harmonious, organized, plotted, pro- prison, comprehendere, confine, constrain, deprehendere,
jected, prospective, schematic, set, ready deprive of liberty, detain, detain by criminal process, en-
trammel, give in custody, hold, immure, imprison, in cus-
ARRANGEMENT (Ordering), noun adaption, arraying, todiam dare, incarcerate, intern, jail, lay under restraint,
collocation, compositio, composition, conformation, conlo- legally restrain, make captive, make prisoner, place in con-
catio, formation, method, regularity, schematism, symme- finement, put in durance, put in duress, put under re-
try, systematization, uniformity straint, restrain, secure, seize, seize by legal warrant, send
to jail, shackle, take by authority, take captive, take charge
ARRANGEMENT (Plan), noun conception, concoction, of, take into custody, take into preventive custody, take
contrivance, course of action, ground plan, layout, master into protective custody, take prisoner, throw into prison
plan, method, outline, program of action, schema, scheme, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: arrest warrant, false arrest, false impris-
system onment, illegal arrest, prior arrest, probable cause, resisting
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: arrangement for the benefit of credi- arrest, search incident to an arrest, warrant of arrest
tors
ARREST (Stop), verb avert, block, bring to a standstill,
ARRANGEMENT (Understanding), noun abatement of bring to a stop, check, countercheck, curb, curtail, delay,
differences, accommodation, accord, accordance, adjust- detain, deter, end, enjoin, foil, foreclose, forestall, frustrate,
ment, adjustment by agreement, agreement, compact, hinder, hold, hold back, impede, inhibit, interfere, interrupt,
compromise, concord, contract, entente, harmonization, keep back, obstruct, prevent, quell, repel, restrain, stall,
mutual agreement, mutual assent, mutual promise, mutual stay, stifle, subdue, suppress, suspend, thwart, withhold
undertaking, pact, proviso, reconciliation, restoration of ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: arrest of inquest, arrest of judgment
harmony, settlement, terms
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: arrangement through a marital settle- ARRESTED (Apprehended), adjective captured, caught,
ment collared, committed, confined, constrained, detained, held,
held in custody, immurred, imprisoned, incarcerated, in-
ARRANT, adjective clear, complete, confirmed, con- terned, jailed, kept in custody, legally restrained, made
spicuous, consummate, definite, identifiable, obvious, captive, made prisoner, remanded, remanded into custody,
palpable, plain, recognizable, salient, striking, through, restrained, seized, sent to prison, taken by force by the au-
uncontestable, unmistakable, utter thorities, taken into custody, taken prisoner, under arrest
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: arrest warrant, body execution, civil
ARRAY (Jury), noun body of jurors, good men and true, arrest, detention and custody, false arrest, false imprison-
jurors, jurymen, panel, trier, trier of the facts ment, habeas corpus, imprisonment, malicious prosecu-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: challenge to the array, jury panel, tion, probable cause to arrest, resisting arrest, restraint of
venire liberty, search incident to an arrest, unlawful arrest

ARRAY (Order), noun arrangement, assemblage, clas- ARRESTED (Checked), adjective adjourned, blocked,
sification, collocation, composition, comprehensiveness, bridled, circumscribed, contained, controlled, curbed,
course, design, display, disposition, disposure, distribu- deferred, delayed, deterred, discouraged, encumbered,
tion, due order, fixed order, formation, gamut, good order, governed, hampered, held back, hindered, impeded, inhib-
gradation, layout, logical order, marshaling, method, me- ited, interrupted, limited, obstructed, postponed, prescribed,
thodicalness, methodology, multiplicity, multitude, order- prevented, repressed, restrained, restricted, retarded, slowed
ing, organization, parade, pattern, perspective, placing, down, stayed, stopped, suppressed, suspended, withheld
progression, range of choices, range of view, regularity,
rule, schematic arrangement, scope, sequence, series, ARRIVE, verb accomplish, achieve, advance, alight, ap-
show, sight, state of order, strict order, subordination, sys- pear, approach, attain, befall, betide, come to, consummate,
tem, systematization, unbroken order, uniformity culminate, emerge, enter, eventuate, gain, get to, happen,
join, land, make good, occur, reach, show up, supervene,
ARRAY, verb accouter, arrange, attire, deploy, display, turn up, visit
dispose, draw up, enhance, enrich, file, fix, group, marshal,
orchestrate, order, rank, sequence, set in order, sort ARROGANT, adjective aloof, assertive, assumptive,
audacious, autocratic, blunt, bold, bossy, brash, brassy,
ARREARS, noun arrearage, back payments, balance brazen, bumptious, caustic, cavalier, conceited, contemptu-
due, debit, debt, debt unpaid though due, default, deferred ous, cool, curt, despotic, dictatorial, disdainful, disrespect-
payment, deficit, delinquency, indebtedness, indebtment, ful, domineering, egotistic, forward, haughty, high-and-
liability, obligation, outstanding debt, overdue bill, overdue mighty, imperious, impertinent, impudent, insolent, lofty,
payment, payments past due, pecuniae residuae, state of obtrusive, oppressive, overbearing, pertinacious, pomp-
indebtedness, unpaid bill, unpaid debt ous, presumptuous, pretentious, proud, saucy, shameless,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: arrears in taxes, arrears of alimony, ar- smug, supercilious, superior, swaggering, vain
rears of assessment, arrears of dues, arrears of interest, ar-
rears of premiums, arrears of rent, arrears of taxes, judg- ARROGATE, verb accroach, adopt, annex, appropriate,
ment on arrears ascribe falsely, assume, assume command, attach, collect,

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 ARROGATION

commandeer, convert, demand, deprive, expropriate, ha- imagined, imitation, imitative, man-made, not natural,
rass, hijack, impress, infringe, invade, preempt, preoccupy, pretended, simulated, simulative, spurious, superficial,
prepossess, seize, sequester, stake a claim, take, take unauthentic, ungenuine, unnatural, unreal
charge, take command, take over, take possession, usurp, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: artificial boundaries, artificial ingredi-
wrest ents, artificial monuments, artificial person, artificial pond,
artificial presumption, artificial watercourse
ARROGATION, noun accession, adoption, application,
appropriation, ascription, assignation, assignment, assump- ARTISAN, noun artifex, artificer, craftsman, craftworker,
tion, attachment, attribution, impropriation, placement, faber, handicraftsman, journeyman, laborer, machiner, mas-
requisition, seizure, taking, usurpation ter craftsman, master workman, mechanic, mechanician,
one engaged in a manual enterprise, one skilled in an indus-
ARSENAL, noun accumulation, agglomeration, am- trial art, one trained in a mechanic trade, operator, opifex,
massment, conglomeration, depository, garnering, reposi- skilled laborer, skilled worker, technician, tradesman, worker,
tory, reservoir, storage, treasury workingman, workingwoman, workman, workwoman
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: artisan lien
ARSON, noun criminal setting of fires, deliberate burn-
ing of property, destruction of property by fire, fire-raising, AS A CONSEQUENCE, adverb a priori, accordingly, as
firing, incendiarism, malicious burning of property, pyro- a result, as matters stand, because, because of this, by rea-
mania, set conflagration, willful burning of property son of, by the same token, consequently, deductibly, de-
rivatively, doubtlessly, for reasons given, for that reason,
ARTFUL, adjective able, acute, adept, adroit, apt, artis- hence, in conclusion, in consequence, in that case, in that
tic, astute, astutus, aware, calculating, callidus, canny, ca- event, in which case, inferentially, necessarily, on account
pable, characterized by art, clever, contriving, crafty, cun- of, to that end
ning, deft, devious, dexterous, done with skill, experienced,
facile, gifted, imaginative, ingenious, intriguing, knavish, AS A MATTER OF RIGHT, adverb be entitled to, by
Machiavellian, masterly, plotting, proficient, quick, ras- right, correctly, duly, fitting, properly, rightfully, with au-
cally, ready, resourceful, scheming, serpentine, sharp, thority
sharp-witted, shrewd, skillful, sly, stealthy, subtle, talented,
versatile, versutus, vulpine, well-planned, wily AS A RULE, adverb as a matter of course, by and large,
chiefly, commonly, customarily, for the most part, gener-
ARTICLE (Commodity), noun effect, item, lifeless ob- ally, generally speaking, in general, in most cases, in the
ject, material, material object, matter, object, particular ob- main, in the usual course of things, mainly, most frequently,
ject, res, subject, substance, thing most often, mostly, normally, on the whole, ordinarily,
principally, regularly, substantially, to all intents and pur-
ARTICLE (Distinct section of a writing), noun chapter, poses, usually
clause, contractual clause, division, item, portion, provi-
sion, proviso, res, section, subject, term of reference AS AGREED UPON, adverb according to contract, ac-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: article in a statute, paragraph of a stat- cording to the agreement, according to the bargain, ac-
ute, subdivision of a statute cording to the contract, as agreed to, as arranged by the
agreement, as contracted for, as negotiated for, as pledged,
ARTICLE (Precept), noun canon, caput, condicio, dic- as promised, as settled upon, consistent with the agree-
tated term, dogma, mandate, maxim, principle, require- ment, corresponding to the contract, in accordance with
ment, rubric, set of terms, tenet the contract, in correspondence with the contract, in obedi-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: articles of incorporation ence to the agreement

ARTICULATE, verb avow, clarify, communicate, con- AS IS, adjective as it is, as it stands, as offered, as
verse, convey, enunciate, express, observe, phrase, pro- presented, as represented, as seen, as shown, as things
nounce, recite, recount, remark, speak, utter are, in its present condition, in its present form, in its
present state, in the same way, just the same, without
ARTIFICE, noun artful contrivance, artfulness, artificial- warranty
ity, beguilement, charlatanry, cheating, chicanery, circum- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: as is contract, caveat emptor, without
vention, cleverness, concealment, connivance, contriv- covenants or warranties
ance, cover, cozenage, craftiness, crafty device, cunning,
cunningness, deceit, deception, delusion, design, device, AS PROVIDED BY LAW, adverb as contained in the
disguise, distortion, dodgery, duplicity, espieglerie, evasion, statutes, as set forth by law, as specified in the law, as de-
expediency, fabrication, false claim, false pretensions, falsifi- lineated in the law
cation, feint, finesse, forgery, fraudulence, guile, hoax, illu-
sion, impersonation, imposture, ingenuity, insidiousness, AS SET FORTH, adverb above-mentioned, anteced-
insubstantiality, intrigue, jobbery, knavery, ently, anteriorly, as contained previously, as determined, as
Machiavellianism, machination, maneuvering, mendacity, expressed, as specified previously, as stated, as stated
misrepresentation, perfidy, pettifoggery, ploy, pretense, preliminarily, as written, before, beforehand, earlier, former,
pretension, pretext, rascality, ruse, scheme, sham, sharp formerly, preceding, preexisting, prior
practice, slyness, snare, stratagem, subterfuge, tactics, trap,
trick, trickery, wile, wiliness, wrinkle AS SO DEFINED, adverb as contained, as delineated,
as explained, as set forth, as specified
ARTIFICIAL, adjective adulterine, artificiosus, assumed,
casuistic, concocted, counterfeited, deceptive, ersatz, AS SOON AS FEASIBLE, adverb as soon as possible, as
faked, false, feigned, fictitious, forged, illusory, imaginary, soon as reasonably possible, at the first opportunity, at the

44
 ASSAULT

first possible moment, expeditiously, forthwith, promptly, relative position, salient characteristic, situation, slant,
without delay state, view, viewpoint, visage, vista

ASCENDANCE, noun authority, command, dominance, ASPECTS, noun attributes, character, characteristics,
domination, dominion, hegemony, predominance, prepon- color, difference, features, individual qualities, nature, par-
derance, prevalence, primacy, sovereignty, superiority, su- ticularities, parts, peculiarities, perspectives, properties,
premacy, upper hand qualities, segments, traits, unique qualities

ASCENDANT, noun ancestor, antecedent, forebear, ASPERSION, noun abuse, affront, calumnia, calum-
forefather, forerunner, genitor, praestare, precursor, niation, calumny, censure, condemnation, contumely,
predecessor, procreator, progenitor, sire, summus, su- defamation, denigration, denunciation, derision, derog-
perior atory criticism, detraction, dishonor, disparagement,
envenomed tongue, execration, imputation, insult, in-
ASCERTAIN, verb acquire information, acquire intelli- vective, libel, malediction, objurgation, obloquy, op-
gence about, adjudge, arrive at a conclusion, assure one- probrium, railing, rebuke, reproach, reproof, reviling,
self, become acquainted with, certify, clear from obscurity, scurrility, slander, slight, slur, stricture, traducement, vili-
clear of doubt, clear of obscurity, cognoscere, come to a fication, vituperation
conclusion, come to know, comperire, conclude, confirm,
decide, decipher, deduce, derive, descry, determine, dis- ASPORTATION, noun criminal ablation, criminal re-
cover, disentangle, draw a conclusion, establish, establish motion, criminal removement, criminal transmission, delo-
with certainty, explorare, fathom, ferret out, figure out, find, calization, felonious abreption, felonious removal, felonious
find out, find out exactly, find the answer, find the solution, transference, felonious translocation, furtive removal, illegal
learn about, make certain, make oneself acquainted with, amotion, illegal carriage, illegal subduction, illegal transmit-
make sure, prove, ravel, reassure oneself, remove doubt, tance, illegal transplantation, illegal transshipment, wrong-
render certain, render definite, resolve, satisfy oneself, ful displacement, wrongful removal, wrongful transfer
solve, unearth, unravel, unriddle, unscramble, untangle, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: burglary, conversion and trover, lar-
verify ceny, robbery
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: ascertain loss, ascertained by law
ASSAIL, verb accost, adgredi, adoriri, advance against,
ASCERTAINABLE, adjective answerable, certifiable, advance upon, aggress, assault, assault belligerently, at-
cognizable, comprehensible, confirmable, decipherable, tack, beset, encounter, fall upon, invade, mug, oppugn,
definable, demonstrable, determinable, discernible, discov- oppugnare, rush upon, savage, set upon, set upon with
erable, distinguishable, evincible, explainable, fixable, violence, storm, thrust at, waylay
knowable, learnable, perceptible, recognizable, under- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: assailant
standable, verifiable
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: ascertainable consequences, ascertain- ASSAILABLE, adjective accessible, attacked, beatable,
able damages, ascertainable debt, ascertainable loss censurable, conquerable, criticized, defenseless, exposed,
impugnable, indefensible, open to attack, penetrable, preg-
ASCERTAINED, adjective absolute, actual, authorita- nable, ridiculed, scorned, sensible, surmountable, vincible,
tive, axiomatic, certain, clear, cogent, cognizable, common, vulnerable, weak
conclusive, definite, definitive, evident, factual, genuine,
incontrovertible, indisputable, indubious, irrefutable, posi- ASSAILANT, noun accoster, aggressor, antagonist, as-
tive, real, reliable, sound, stated, sure, true, trustworthy, sailer, assaulter, attacker, bludgeon man, criminal, felon,
unambiguous, unconfuted, undeniable, undoubting, un- invader, obstructionist, qui oppugnat, ravager, terrorist,
equivocal, unerring, unmistakable, unqualified, unquestion- thug, violator
able, unquestioned
ASSASSINATION, noun annihilation, caedes, destruc-
ASCRIBE, verb accord, accredit, adsignare, affiliate, al- tion, dispatching, execution, homicide, killing, liquidation,
lege to belong, apply, appropriate, ascribere, assign, attach, murder, murder by stealth, slaying, treacherous killing, un-
attribuere, attribute, charge with, connect with, credit with, lawful homicide
derive from, filiate, give, impute, point to, predicate, refer ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: aestimatio capitis, conspiracy, mur-
to, trace to der, political assassination
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: ascribe a motive
ASSAULT, noun act of hostility, aggression, aggressive
ASCRIPTION, noun accusal, accusation, alleging, ani- action, assailment, attack, besiegement, encounter, impe-
madversion, appropriation, aspersion, assignment, attribu- tus, incursion, incursus, injury, intrusion, irruption, offense,
tion, blame, citation, complaint, charge, derivation, imputa- onset, onset with force, onslaught, oppugnatio, siege,
tion, innuendo, insinuation, obloquy, reference, reflection, strike, sudden attack, violation of another’s rights
reproach, slur, stigmatization, stricture ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: aggravated assault, assault and bat-
tery, assault with a deadly weapon, assault with intent to
ASK, verb apply, call upon, canvass, challenge, de- commit a felony, assault with intent to commit murder, as-
mand, examine, go over, grill, inquire, interrogate, investi- sault with intent to maim, assault with intent to rape, as-
gate, propose, pry, question, quiz, request sault with intent to rob, battery, felonious assault, simple
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: ask and demand in settling a matter assault

ASPECT, noun appearance, aspectus, condition, ele- ASSAULT, verb accost, accost bellicosely, adgredi, ad-
ment, facet, factor, feature, forma, look, mien, part, peculiar driri, affront hostilely, aggress, appetere, assail, assault bel-
feature, perspective, phase, position, posture, regard, ligerently, attack, attack physically, attempt violence to,

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 ASSAY

besiege, deal a blow, harm, oppugn, set upon, set upon attest, aver, avouch, avow, certify, claim, confirmare, con-
with force, set upon with violence, strike, thrust at tend, declare, depose, dicere, emphasize, enunciate, es-
pouse, express, insist upon, maintain, plead one’s case, plead
ASSAY, noun analysis, ascertainment, assessment, break- one’s cause, profess, pronounce, propound, recite, relate, set
down, calculation, computation, diagnosis, examination, forth, state, state as true, stress, urge, urge reasons for
experiment, exploration, measurement, probation, probe,
test, test case, verification ASSERTION, noun adfirmatio, affirmation, allegation,
announcement, asseveration, attestation, averment, avouch-
ASSAY, verb analyze, ascertain, assess, calculate, com- ment, avowal, declaration, defensio, disclosure, enunciation,
pute, diagnose, endeavor, evaluate, experiment, measure, expression, insistence, insistence on a claim, insistence on a
research, test, try, verify, weigh right, ipse dixit, positive declaration, positive statement,
predication, profession, pronouncement, representation,
ASSEMBLAGE, noun accumulation, acervation, ag- statement, vindicatio
glomeration, aggregation, amassment, array, assemblage, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: admission, confession, criminal accusa-
assembly, association, audience, bale, band, batch, bevy, tion, false accusation
body, bolt, bulk, bunch, bundle, caucus, claque, clump,
cluster, collection, colligation, combination, committee, ASSERTIVE, adjective authoritative, confident, dog-
company, compilation, concentration, conclave, concourse, matic, influential, potent, powerful, self-assured, strong
confluence, conflux, congeries, conglomerate, conglomera-
tion, congregation, congress, convention, convocation, ASSESS (Appraise), verb aestimare, apprize, ascertain,
corps, coven, cumulation, drove, ensemble, flock, flood, calculate, calibrate, compute, consider, count, determine,
gang, gathering, group, heap, horde, ingathering, legion, estimate, evaluate, fix the value, gauge, judge, measure,
lot, lump, mass, mass meeting, medley, meeting, miscel- mensurate, mete, rate, reckon, set, valuate, value, weigh
lany, mob, multitude, outfit, pack, packet, party, pile, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: assess a penalty, assess damages, as-
queue, rally, réunion, series, set, sheaf, squad, stack, string, sessed valuation
swarm, symposium, thicket, throng, tribe, troop, troupe,
union ASSESS (Tax), verb affix an impost, charge with one’s
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: disorderly assemblage, unlawful as- share, demand a payment, demand toll, exact a charge,
semblage exact a toll, excise, fix a valuation, impose a charge, impose
a levy, lay an impost, levy
ASSEMBLY, noun aggregation, assemblage, body, cau- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: assess taxes
cus, collection, company, conclave, concourse, conference,
congregation, consilium, contio, convention, conventus, ASSESSMENT (Estimation), noun aestimatio, appraisal,
convocation, crowd, gathering, group, mass, meeting, appraisement, calculation, determination, estimate, mea-
multitude sure, mensuration, rating, reckoning, survey, valuation
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: assessment of damages
ASSENT, noun acceptance, accord, accordance, ac-
knowledgment, acquiescence, adsensio, adsensus, affir- ASSESSMENT (Levy), noun amount assessed as pay-
mance, affirmation, agreement, approbation, approval, able, capitation, census, cess, charge, charge levied, exac-
authorization, compliance, concord, concordance, concur- tion, exactment, imposition, impost, rate, tallage, tax, toll
rence, confirmation, consent, consentaneity, consonance, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: assessed valuation, assessment and
endorsement, permission, ratification, recognition, sanc- collection of taxes, assessment district, assessment for ben-
tion, submission, willing consent, willingness efits, assessment for special improvements, assessment
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: legal assent insurance, assessment lien, assessment of property, assess-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Nemo videtur fraudare eos qui sciunt et ment roll, assessor, equalized assessment, improvements,
consentiunt. No one is considered as deceiving those who municipal improvements, public improvements, special as-
know and consent to his acts. Non refert an quis assen- sessment, tax assessment, valuation of property
sum suum praefert verbis, aut rebus ipsis et factis. It is
immaterial whether a man gives assent by his words or by ASSESSOR, noun censor, charger, collector, excise-
his acts and deeds. man, official receiver, one who exacts, one who imposes a
charge, one who levies, tax collector, tax gatherer, tax man,
ASSENT, verb accede, accept, accord, acknowledge, tax receiver, tax taker, taxer
acquiesce, adnuere, adsentari, agree, allow, approve, au- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: tax assessor
thorize, comply, concede, concur, confirm, conform to,
consent, embrace an offer, endorse, express concurrence, ASSETS, noun available means, belongings, bona,
favor, give consent, homologate, permit, ratify, recognize, capital, chattels, effects, estate, funds, goods, holdings, in-
sanction, subscribe to ventories, money, pecuniary resources, personal effects,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: assent by acts, assent by gestures, as- personal resources, possessions, principal, property, re-
sent by silence, express assent, implied assent, judicial as- serves, resources, riches, valuables, wealth, wherewithal
sent, mutual assent ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: assets of a trust corpus, assets of an
FOREIGN PHRASES: Qui non prohibet id quod prohibere po- estate, capital assets, concealment of assets, contingent as-
test assentire videtur. He who does not forbid what he is sets, corporation’s assets, depletion of assets, disposal of
able to prevent is deemed to assent. Qui tacet consentire assets, equitable assets, fixed assets, foreign assets, fraudu-
videtur, ubi tractatur de ejus commodo. He who is silent lent transfer of assets, liquid assets, partnership assets, per-
is deemed to consent. sonal assets, real assets, sale of assets, testamentary assets

ASSERT, verb adfirmare, advance, affirm, allege in sup- ASSEVERATION, noun acknowledgment, adjuration,
port, announce, annunciate, argue for, assever, asseverate, affirmance, affirmation, assertion, attestation, averment,

46
 ASSOCIATION

avouchment, avowal, certification, confirmation, declara- consignation, consignment, conveyance, conveyancing,

tion, emphatic assertion, legal pledge, oath, positive decla- delivery, demise, devolvement, disposition, distribution,
ration, positive statement, profession, pronouncement, grant, impropriation, mutual transfer, nonretention, relega-
solemn averment, solemn avowal, solemn declaration, tion, transfer, transference, transmission, transmittal
sworn statement, vow ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: assignment by operation of law, as-
signment for the benefit of creditors, assignment for value,
ASSIDUOUS, adjective active, ardent, attentive, busy, assignment of a cause of action, assignment of a chose in
committed, conscientious, considerate, constant, deter- action, assignment of an account, assignment of claim, as-
mined, devoted, diligent, earnest, employed, enduring, signment of dower, assignment of lease, assignment of
engaged, exacting, fervent, flagging, hard-working, im- rents and profits, assignment of wages, consignment, gen-
movable, indefatigable, industrious, laborious, obdurate, eral assignment, lease, license, partial assignment, promise
persevering, persistent, resolute, scrupulous, sedulous, se- to make assignment, voluntary assignment
rious, studious, tenacious, tireless, unflagging, unrelenting, FOREIGN PHRASES: Assignatus utitur jure auctoris. An as-
unremitting, unshakable, untiring, zealous signee is clothed with the right of his principal.

ASSIGN (Allot), verb allocate, apportion, appropriate, ASSIMILATE, verb acculturate, accustom, adopt, amal-
deal out, dispense, distribute, divide in portions, dole out, gamate, associate, blend, combine, commingle, condition,
give out, mete out, partition, portion out, rem homini ad- connect, digest, enculturate, fuse, habituate, incorporate,
signare, share ingest, integrate, intermingle, liken, link, merge, mingle,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: assign a cause of action, assign a chose osmose, subsume, take in, take up
in action, assign a lease, assign over, assign without re-
course, assignable interest, assigned counsel, assigned risk, ASSIST, verb abet, accommodate, act as assistant to,
sublease administer to, afford aid, aid, auxiliari, back, be of help, be
of use, come to the aid of, cooperate with, do a service,
ASSIGN (Designate), verb appoint, ascribe, attribute, endorse, foster, furnish aid, further, give a hand, give aid,
authorize, charge, commission, commit powers to another, give support, help, help along, intercede for, minister to,
delegate, depute, detail, empower, entrust, invest, name, nurture, oblige, opitulari, participate, promote, reinforce,
prescribe, put in commission, set, specify relieve, second, serve, stand by, subserve, subsidize, sub-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Assignatus utitur jure auctoris. An as- venire, succor, supply aid, support, take part with
signee is clothed with the right of his principal. ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accessory, aiding and abetting, complicity

ASSIGN (Transfer ownership), verb abalienate, alienate, ASSISTANCE, noun accommodation, adiumentum, adju-
commit to another’s trust, consign, convey, deliver, de- vancy, advocacy, aid, auxilium, benefit, benevolence, cham-
volve upon, dispose of, endorse over, entrust, grant, make pionship, cooperation, furtherance, help, helpfulness, inter-
over to another, negotiate, refer, release, relegate, sign cession, participation, reinforcement, subsidy, succor, support
over, surrender to another, transfer to another, transmit ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: able assistance of counsel, writ of as-
sistance
ASSIGNABLE, adjective consignable, conveyable, de-
liverable, devisable, disposable, exchangeable, grantable, ASSISTANT, noun abettor, accessory, accomplice,
negotiable, transferable, transmissible, transmittable adiutor, adiutrix, adjutant, adjuvant, advocate, agent, aide,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: assignable contract, assignable interest aide-de-camp, aider, apprentice, associate, backer, cham-
pion, clerk, coadjutor, coaid, collaborator, colleague, con-
ASSIGNATION, noun application, arrogation, ascription, federate, confrère, cooperator, copartner, coworker, dep-
assignment, attribution, blame, charge, imputation, placement uty, employee, helper, helpmate, partner, right-hand man,
second, seconder, subaltern, subordinate, supporter, un-
ASSIGNEE, noun accipient, allottee, donee, grantee, derling, underworker
receiver, recipient, transferee ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accessory, accomplice, coconspirator
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: lessee
FOREIGN PHRASES: Assignatus utitur jure auctoris. An as- ASSOCIATE, noun adjunct, aid, aide-de-camp, assis-
signee has the rights of his principal. tant, auxiliary, coadjutant, coadjutor, coadjuvant, cohelper,
cohort, collaborator, colleague, comate, companion, com-
ASSIGNMENT (Allotment), noun allocation, allowance, peer, confederate, confidante, confrere, cooperator, copart-
apportionment, appropriation, assignation, dispensation, ner, coworker, fellow worker, friend, partner, socius, sodalis
distribution, division, partition, portion ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: associates in a law office, confeder-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: assignment of choses in action acy, partner, union

ASSIGNMENT (Designation), noun appointment, autho- ASSOCIATED, adjective affiliated, agnate, akin, allied,
rization, commission, delegation, deputation, mandate, closely allied, closely related, coactive, coadunate, com-
nomination, placing in office, prescription, selection, signi- bined, concerted, confederated, conjoint, conjunct, connate,
fication, specification, stipulation connected, cooperant, cooperative, coupled, coworking,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: assignment of error federate, federated, incorporated, inosculated, interallied,
joined, leagued, linked, related, synergetic, united
ASSIGNMENT (Task), noun business, charge, chore, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: associated companies
commission, duty, function, mission, part, pursuit, respon-
sibility, role, stint, work ASSOCIATION (Alliance), noun affiliation, amalga-
mation, coalition, combination, combine, company, con-
ASSIGNMENT (Transfer of ownership), noun abalien- federacy, confederation, conlegium, corporation, coterie,
ation, alienation, assignation, cession, conferment, conferral, federation, guild, league, syndicate, union

47
 ASSOCIATION

ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: articles of association, bar associa- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: assumpsit on quantum meruit, as-
tions, beneficial associations, convenant of associations, sumption agreement, assumption of debt, assumption of
joint stock associations, mutual benefit associations, pro- facts, assumption of indebtedness, assumption of jurisdic-
fessional associations, unincorporated associations, volun- tion, assumption of liability, assumption of mortgage,
tary associations assumption of obligation, assumption of risk

ASSOCIATION (Connection), noun bond, coadjuvancy, ASSUMPTION (Seizure), noun annexation, appropria-
coalition, colleagueship, combination, conjunction, tion, arrogation, dispossession, encroachment, exaction,
conlegium, connectedness, consociation, copartnership, expropriation, impropriation, infringement, usurpation
coworking, involvement, joint enterprise, link, linkage, or-
ganization, participation, partnership, relatedness, relation, ASSUMPTION (Supposition), noun basis, belief, conjec-
relationship, societas, working in concert ture, foundation, ground, hypothesis, hypothesization, im-
pression, notion, opinion, personal judgment, postulate,
ASSUAGE, verb abate, allay, alleviate, appease, attem- premise, presumption, presupposition, sumptio, supposal,
per, blunt, chasten, check, comfort, compose, curb, dimin- surmise, theory, thinking, view
ish, ease, lessen, levare, mitigare, mitigate, moderate,
mollify, obtund, pacify, palliate, quell, quench, reduce, re- ASSURANCE, noun adjuration, affirmation, assured-
lieve, remedy, salve, sate, satiate, satisfy, sedare, slake, ness, attestation, averment, avow, avowal, avowance,
smother, soften, solace, soothe, still, temper, tranquilize commitment, confidence, confidentness, confirmatio,
covenant, declaration, earnest declaration, engage-
ASSUME (Seize), verb accroach, adeem, adopt, adsu- ment, fiducia, guaranty, oath, obligation, pact, paction,
mere, annex, appropriate, arrogate, commandeer, confis- pledge, promise, reassurance, security, solemn asser-
cate, dispossess, distrain, expropriate, help oneself to, tion, solemn promise, surety, voucher, vow, warranty
make free with, occupare, possess oneself of, rem sibi ad- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: assurance of title, covenant of future
rogare, take as one’s own, usurp assurances
ASSUME (Simulate), verb act as, counterfeit, dissemble,
ASSURE (Give confidence to), verb buoy up, cause to
dissimulate, don, feign, impersonate, make believe, out-
feel certain, cheer, comfort, confirm in conviction, con-
wardly seem, pass for, personate, play the part, pose as,
sole, convince, deliver from uncertainty, dismiss all doubt,
pretend to be, profess, put on deceitfully, represent as,
embolden, encourage, enhearten, free from doubt, free
take the part of, take the semblance of
from uncertainty, give hope, hearten, inspire, inspire
hope, lead to believe, make certain, make confident, offer
ASSUME (Suppose), verb be inclined to think, be of the
assurances to, persuade, put at ease, raise expectations,
opinion, conclude, conjecture, consider, deduce, deem
reassure, render certain, restore one’s faith, satisfy, set at
true, divine, draw the inference, find probable, gather,
ease, solace
have an idea that, hold the opinion, infer, predicate, prem-
ise, presume, presuppose, suspect, take for granted, take
without proof, theorize, think credible, think likely, think ASSURE (Insure), verb affirm, agree to indemnify for
probable loss, answer for, asseverate, attest, aver, avouch, avow,
certify, confirm, endorse, espouse, give security, guaran-
ASSUME (Undertake), verb accept, accept an obligation, tee, make a promise, make certain, make sure, pledge,
attempt, attend to, be willing to bear, become responsible profess, promise, render certain, render safe, secure
for, begin, broach, commit oneself, contract, contract for, against loss, solemnly promise, subscribe to, swear, under-
embark upon, engage, enter upon, incur a duty, manage, write, verify, vouch for, vow, warrant
proceed to, pursue, set about, shoulder, suscipere, take care
of, take charge, take on oneself, take up, venture upon ASTONISH, verb affect, amaze, astound, awe, blow
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: assume a debt, assume a lease, assume a away, captivate, charm, dazzle, electrify, enchant, enrap-
mortgage, assume responsibility, assumed name, assumed risk ture, enthrall, enthuse, entrance, excite, fascinate, impress,
inspire, interest, move, overawe, overwhelm, pique, stag-
ASSUMED (Feigned), adjective adopted, apocryphal, ger, stun, surprise, thrill, wow
bogus, contrived, counterfeit, deceptive, delusive, dis-
guised, fabricated, factitious, fake, false, fictitious, fraudu- ASTRAY, adjective aberrant, adrift, afield, amiss, awry,
lent, invented, manufactured, misleading, misrepresented, circuitous, deviating, errant, erratic, indirect, lost, mis-
pretended, pretexted, spurious, synthetic, unauthentic, guided, misled, off-center, out of one’s bearings, out of
ungenuine, unreal one’s reckoning, random, round-about, straying, undi-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: allegation of fact, allegation of law, al- rected, unguided
leged fact, material allegation, pleading, responsive allega-
tion, specific allegation ASTRINGENT, adjective acid, acrid, acrimonious, ad-
strictorius, austere, bitter, caustic, dour, exigent, harsh,
ASSUMED (Inferred), adjective accepted, conjectured, mordant, rough, severe, stern, strict, stringent, tart
connoted, considered true, given, granted, hypothesized,
implicit, indicated, insinuated, intimated, posited, postu- ASTUCIOUS, adjective acute, adept, adroit, advanced,
lated, presumed, presupposed, stated, supposed, supposi- alert, apt, astute, aware, brilliant, clever, cunning, discern-
tional, taken for granted, understood ing, educated, erudite, fast on the uptake, genius, in-
formed, ingenious, inventive, keen, knowledgeable,
ASSUMPTION (Adoption), noun acceptance, acquisi- learned, literate, precocious, prudent, quick, quick-witted,
tion, receiving, reception, recipience, selection, taking on, resourceful, sagacious, sage, sapient, savvy, scholarly,
undertaking sharp, shrewd, smart, well-read, wise

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 ATTACK

ASTUTE, adjective adroit, agile, alter, apt, artful, bright, FOREIGN PHRASES: Patria potestas in pietate debet, non in
brilliant, clear-sighted, clever, cunning, discriminating, dis- atrocitate, consistere. Paternal power should consist of
criminative, experienced, informed, ingenious, insightful, affection not of atrocity.
intelligent, keen, knowing, knowledgeable, learned, let-
tered, nimble, perceptive, perspicacious, plugged in, privy, ATTACH (Join), verb add, add as an accessory, adfigere,
resourceful, sagacious, sage, sapient, savvy, scholarly, sen- adhere, adjoin, adligare, affix, agglutinate, annex, append,
sible, sharp, shrewd, smart, sophisticated, street smart, assemble, bind, cohere, combine, conjoin, connect, con-
studious, well-rounded, wise, worldly solidate, couple, embody, embrace, fasten, fasten together,
incorporate, insert, link, make one, merge, put together,
ASYLUM (Hiding place), noun covert, exile, haven, in- secure, subjoin, supplement, unite
violable refuge, place of immunity, place of refuge, refuge, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: attach exhibits
retreat, safehold, sanctuary, sanctum sanctorum, secure
retreat, shelter, temporary refuge ATTACH (Seize), verb adeem, annex, appropriate, ar-
rogate, confiscate, disseise, distrain, distress, exact, expro-
ASYLUM (Hospital), noun lazaretto, mental hospital, priate, garnish, impound, impress, levy, overcome, pre-
mental institution, nursing home, psychiatric hospital, psy- empt, press, replevy, retake, secure, seize summarily,
chiatric ward, sanitorium, shelter for the afflicted, state sequester, sequestrate, take, take over, take possession of,
hospital, state institution take summarily, usurp
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: attach property, provisional remedy
ASYLUM (Protection), noun freedom from danger, ref-
uge, safeguard, safety, sanctuary, security, shelter ATTACHED (Annexed), adjective added, affixed, agglu-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: granted asylum tinated, appendant, appended, aptus, bound, conjoined,
connected, fastened, fixed, joined, paired, subjoined, united
AT FAULT, adverb culpable, erring, in error, guilty, lia-
ble, responsible for, wrong ATTACHED (Seized), adjective adeemed, annexed, ap-
propriated, arrogated, confiscated, disseised, distrained,
AT ISSUE, adverb being analyzed, in contemplation, in expropriated, foreclosed, forfeited, garnisheed, im-
dispute, in question, on the agenda, under advisement, pounded, levied, replevied, sequestered, usurped
under consideration, under examination ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: provisional remedy

AT RISK, adverb at peril, capable of loss, involved, ATTACHMENT (Act of affixing), noun adjunction, affixa-
potentially liable tion, annexation, annexion, attaching, binding, bond, cohe-
sion, confixation, conjunction, connection, fastening, fixing,
AT WILL EMPLOYMENT, noun at the will of the em- insertion, joinder, joining, junction, ligation, nexus, subjunc-
ployer, discretionary employment without the necessity of tion, that which attaches, tie
reasons, employment at will, freedom to discharge, free- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: attachment of a security interest, gar-
dom to discharge without grounds, freedom to discharge nishment, in rem jurisdiction, provisional remedy, quasi in
without reasons, freedom to fire rem jurisdiction
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: just cause employees, morally repre-
hensive reasons, morally wrong reasons ATTACHMENT (Seizure), noun annexation, apprehend-
ing, confiscation, deprivation, deprivement, disownment,
ATMOSPHERE, noun air, airspace, ambience, aura, dispossession, distrainer, distraint, distress, divestment,
background, circumambience, climate, climatic condition, embargo, execution, expropriation, foreclosure, garnish-
element, environing influence, environment, medium, mi- ment, impoundage, impoundment, impressment, seizing,
lieu, mood, setting, space, surroundings, weather sequestration
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: clouding the atmosphere, polluting ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: ancillary attachment, attachment ex-
the atmosphere ecution, attachment of persons, attachment of property,
attachment proceedings, attachment to obtain jurisdiction,
ATROCIOUS, adjective abhorrent, abominable, appall- attachment upon mesne process, body attachment, execu-
ing, awful, bad, barbaric, beastly, corrupt, deplorable, des- tion, extraordinary remedy, lien or incumbrance, proceed-
perate, diabolical, dire, disgusting, dreadful, errant, evil, ing in rem, property subject to attachment, provisional
fiendish, flagrant, foul, frightening, frightful, ghastly, grisly, remedy, sequestration, writ of attachment, wrongful at-
grotesque, gruesome, heinous, hideous, horrendous, hor- tachment
rid, horrific, horrifying, jejune, loathsome, lurid, malignant,
monstrous, nefarious, noxious, obscene, odious, offensive, ATTACHMENT (Thing affixed), noun accessory, adden-
onerous, outrageous, perverse, recalcitrant, reprehensible, dum, additum, adjunct, affixture, annex, appendage, ap-
repugnant, repulsive, revolting, rude, scandalous, terrible, pendix, appurtenance, fixture, postfix, supplement, supple-
ugly, uncouth, unmannerly, unsightly, unspeakable, vile, mentary device
villainous, wicked
ATTACK, verb abuse, adgredi, adoriri, advance upon,
ATROCITY, noun abomination, abuse, act of ferocity, aggress, assail, assault, assume the offensive, bear down
atrocious crime, atrocitas, barbarity, deed of savagery, fer- upon, beat, begin hostilities against, beleaguer, beset, be-
ity, ferocity, fiendishness, flagitious villainy, flagitiousness, siege, bombard, charge, combat, commit hostilities, de-
flagrancy, gross offense, heinousness, holocaust, infamy, scend on, engage in hostilities, fall upon, fight offensively,
inhumanity, iniquity, malevolence, maltreatment, merci- fly at, force, hit, impugn, invade, invehi in, lay hands on, lay
lessness, monstrosity, nefariousness, nefas, res atrox, ruth- into, make an onset against, open fire upon, oppugn, pitch
lessness, savagery, truculence, victimization, villainy, wan- into, pounce upon, raid, revile, run at, rush upon, set upon
tonly wicked conduct, wickedness with force, shoot at, spring upon, start a fight, start a war,

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 ATTAIN

storm, strike, strike the first blow, tackle, take offensive danger, portent, precaution, premonishment, prenotifica-
action, take the initiative, take the offensive, tear into, tion, presage, threat, warning
throw oneself upon, waylay
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: assault, attack on credibility, collateral ATTENTION (Care), noun absorption, admonition, ad-
attack, direct attack, impeach, provocation of attack vice, concentrated focus, concentration, concern to detail,
consciousness, consideration, contemplation, deliberation,
ATTAIN, verb accomplish, achieve, acquire, adsequi, arrive deterrent, devotion, focus on detail, heed, heedfulness, im-
at, be successful, bring about, bring off successfully, bring to mersion, introspectiveness, nurturing, reflectiveness, re-
pass, carry through, come by, come to, complete, consequi, gard, regard for specifics, supervision, support
consummate, earn, effect, effectuate, finish, gain, gain one’s
end, get, get by effort, get done, get possession of, obtain, ATTENUATE, verb attenuare, bate, constrict, constringe,
perfect, procure, put through, reach, reach one’s goal, realize, contract, curtail, debilitate, decrease, deflate, devitalize, di-
reap, score a success, secure, succeed, succeed in reaching minish, diminish in effect, extenuare, extenuate, lessen,
lighten, make thin, narrow, reduce, reduce in intensity, re-
ATTAINT, noun abasement, bad name, bad reputation, duce in strength, render threadlike, taper, weaken, weaken
bad repute, brand, debasement, defilement, degradation, in force
derogation, deviation from rectitude, disapprobation, dis- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: attenuation between a cause and the
credit, disesteem, disgrace, dishonor, disreputability, disre- result, proximate cause, remote cause
pute, disrespect, humiliation, ignominy, ill fame, ill favor, ill
repute, improbity, imputation, infamy, ingloriousness, loss ATTEST, verb adjure, affirm, assert, authenticate, aver,
of reputation, mark, obloquy, odium, opprobrium, re- bear out, bear witness to, certify, confirm, corroborate, de-
proach, shame, smear, smirch, stain, stigma, taint, tarnish, clare, declare the truth of, depone, depose, endorse,
tarnished honor evince, ratify, rem testari, speak on oath, subscribe, sub-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: attainder, autrefois attaint, bill of at- stantiate, support, swear, take one’s oath, testem facere,
tainder, civil death testificari, testify to, validate, verify, vouch for, witness
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: affidavit, interrogatory
ATTEMPT, verb aim at, assay, be at work, be in action,
bid for, carry on, conari, do one’s best, do the needful, drive ATTESTATION, noun act of bearing witness, adjuration,
at, employ oneself, endeavor, essay, exert oneself, go after, affirmation, allegation, assertion, asseveration, attest, at-
go all out for, intend, labor for, make a bid, make a try, make testing declaration, authentication, averment, avouchment,
an effort at, make the effort, ply one’s task, pursue, put avowal, certification, declaration, endorsement, oath, sol-
forth an effort, quest, seek to, set out to, strive, take on, emn averment, solemn avowal, solemn declaration, state-
temptare, test, try, try hard, try one’s best, undertake, use ment, substantiation, swearing, sworn evidence, testifica-
one’s best endeavors, venture tio, testification, testimonium, testimony, validification,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: attempt to commit a crime, attempt to verification, witnessing
defraud, attempt to prove, conspiracy, failure of intended ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: acknowledgment, attestation clause,
act, preparatory acts, renunciation attestation of chattel mortgage, attestation of deed, at-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Affectus punitur licet non sequatur ef- testation of note, attestation of will, attesting witnesses
fectus. The intention is punished although the intended
result does not follow. Non officit conatus nisi sequatur ATTITUDE (Manner), noun affectation, air, approach,
effectus. An attempt does not harm unless a consequence aspect, behavior, carriage, cast, comportment, compo-
follows. In maleficiis voluntas spectatur, non exitus. In sure, conduct, demeanor, deportment, expression, fash-
criminal offenses, the intention and not the result must be ion, guise, image, look, mannerism, mode, outlook, pos-
regarded. Officit conatus si effectus sequatur. The at- ture, presence, presentation, pretense, shape, stance,
tempt becomes of consequence if the effect follows. thinking

ATTEMPTED MONOPOLIZATION, verb attempt to con- ATTITUDE (Surly approach), adjective abrasive, abrupt,
trol competition, conspiracy to monopolize, intent to harm acerbic, acidic, acidulous, acrid, acrimonious, bitter, caustic,
competition, market power inference, market share inference corrosive, curt, cutting, disagreeable, gruff, harsh, insin-
cere, mordant, nasty, obnoxious, odious, ornery, pungent,
ATTEND (Accompany), verb be associated with, be con- resentful, rough, sardonic, satiric, satirical, scalding, scath-
nected with, go along with ing, severe, sharp, sharp-tongued, short, smart-alec, snip-
pety, tart, terse, unpleasant, vitriolic, vulgar
ATTEND (Be present at), verb frequent, go to, visit
ATTORN, verb allot, assign, cede, confer, confer own-
ATTEND (Heed), verb be attentive to, give heed to, lis- ership, consign, convey, deliver, demise, devise, devolve
ten, mark, mind, note, notice, take notice of upon, dispose of, give, grant, impart, let, part with, pass
down, relinquish, transfer, turn over
ATTEND (Take care of), verb be attendant on, care for,
guard, minister to, see to, serve, wait upon, watch over ATTORNEY, noun advocate, attorney-at-law, barris-
ter, counsel, counselor, counselor-at-law, jurisconsult,
ATTENDANCE, noun accompaniment, ministration, jurisprudent, jurist, lawyer, learned counsel, legal advi-
presence sor, legal practitioner, legist, member of the bar, officer
of the court, pleader, practitioner, procurator, publicist,
ATTENTION (Admonition), noun admonishment, ad- solicitor
vice, alarm, announcement, attentiveness, caution, caveat, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: attorney of record, staff attorney
communication, dehortation, forewarning, formal advice, FOREIGN PHRASES: Consilia multorum quaeruntur in mag-
instruction, intelligence, monition, news, notice, notice of nis. The advice of many is required in affairs of magnitude.

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 AUSPICES

ATTORNEY-CLIENT PRIVILEGE, noun confidential AUCTION, noun auctio, auctione vendere, public sale,
relationship, confidentiality, fiduciary privilege, immunity public sale of property, sale by bid, sale by outcry, sale to
from divulging confidences, nondisclosable relationship, the highest bidder, sub hasta vendere, vendue
private relationship, privileged relationship ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: auction license, auction sale, auction-
Generally: protected relationship eer, highest bidder, public sale
Specifically: confidential communications
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: privileged communications AUDACIOUS, adjective assertive, bold, brash, brassy,
brazen, bumptious, caustic, curt, dauntless, defiant, dis-
ATTORNEY IN FACT, noun alternate, legal appointee, dainful, disrespectful, forward, fresh, impertinent, impu-
legal representative, proxy, surrogate dent, insolent, obtrusive, pert, shameless, unabashed

ATTORNEY’S FEES, noun compensation for legal ser- AUDACITY, noun audacia, audaciousness, bold front,
vices, payment for representation boldness, bravado, brave face, bravura, confidence in one’s
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: alternative fee arrangements, contin- powers, daring, defiance of danger, derring-do, hardihood,
gent fees, flat fee, hourly fees intrepidity, nerve, overboldness, overdaring, protervitas,
rashness, recklessness, scorn of the consequences, temer-
ATTORNMENT, noun agreement, arrangement, com- ity, undauntedness, want of caution
mitment, compact, condition, deal, liability, prerequisite,
provision, proviso, requisite, stipulation, understanding AUDIENCE (Assembly), noun assemblage, assembly,
body, collection, conclave, conference, congregation, con-
ATTRACT, verb bait, beckon, beguile, bewitch, bring, vention, conventus, convocation, crowd, encounter, gath-
bring in, captivate, charm, draw, draw attention, enchant, ering, mass, meeting, multitude
enthrall, entice, entrance, entrap, fascinate, interest, knock
out, lure, magnetize, motivate, pull, rope in, seduce, spell- AUDIENCE (Listeners), noun attendees, collection,
bind, tempt, wow crowd, group, group of people, guests, hearers, listeners,
mass multitude, patrons, public, spectators, viewers
ATTRACTIVE, adjective adorable, agreeable, alluring,
appealing, attracting, attrahent, beauteous, beautiful, beck- AUDIO RIGHTS, noun audiocassette rights, audio repro-
oning, becoming, beguiling, bewitching, captivating, duction rights, compact disc rights, sound recording rights
catching, catchy, charming, comely, delightful, desirable, Generally: secondary rights, subsidiary rights
drawing, elegant, enchanting, engaging, enthralling, entic-
ing, entrancing, exquisite, fair, fascinating, fetching, glam- AUDIT, verb bring into question, certify, check, check on,
orous, interesting, intriguing, inviting, likeable, luring, conduct an inquiry, examine, examine financial accounts,
magnetic, pleasant, pleasing, prepossessing, pretty, ravish- examine the accounts officially, go through the books, hold
ing, seductive, sightly, sweet, tasteful, tempting, titillating, an inquiry, inspect, inspect accounts officially, investigate,
to one’s liking monitor, probe, pursue an inquiry, rationes dispungere, reex-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: attractive nuisance doctrine amine, research, review, scrutinize, search, study, subject to
examination
ATTRACTIVE NUISANCE, noun allure, bait, dangerous ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: allowance of claim, audit of account,
conditions, draw, endangerment, enticement, inducement, audited claims, auditor, auditor’s report, disallowance of
lure, seducement, unprotected claim, fraudulent audit
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: attractive nuisance doctrine, specific
conditions AUGMENTATION, noun accessio, accessory, accrual, ac-
cruement, accumulation, adding, advance, advancement,
ATTRIBUTE, verb accredit with, adsignare, ascribe, as- aggrandizement, amplificatio, amplification, appreciation,
sign, charge with, connect with, consider as belonging to, appurtenance, broadening, build-up, cumulative effect, cu-
impute, point to, predicate, set down to, tribuere mulativeness, development, enhancement, enlargement,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: attribute a cause to an individual enlarging, expansion, extension, gain, growth, improve-
ment, increase, increasing, increment, intensification, magni-
ATTRIBUTION, noun accounting, acknowledgment, fication, progress, proliferation, redoubling, reinforcement,
affirmation, allusion, ascription, assignation, assignment, rise, something added, spread, supplement, widening
association, connection, implication, imputation, incrimina- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: augmentation of assets, augmenta-
tion, indication, insinuation, mention, quotation, reference, tion of estate
relation
AUGUR, verb anticipate, approximate, betoken, con-
ATTRITION, noun decrease, disintegration, dwindling, note, divine, envision, estimate, forecast, foresee, fore-
erosion, fading, falling off, lessening, waning, wearing away shadow, foretell, forewarn, harbinger, herald, omen, por-
tend, predict, prefigure, presage, prognosticate, signal,
ATTUNE, verb acclimatize, accommodate, accord, signify, suggest, warn
adapt, adjust, attemper, be harmonious, blend, bring into
accord, bring into agreement, fit for a purpose, harmonize, AUSPICES, noun abetment, aegis, assistance, auspi-
make accordant, make adjustments, make agree, readapt, cium, authority, backing, benign favor, care, charge, counte-
readjust, rectify, regulate, render accordant, resolve a dis- nance, custody, encouragement, favor, favoring influence,
cord, restore harmony, set right fosterage, guardianship, guidance, management, over-
sight, patronage, protection, protectorship, recommenda-
ATYPICAL, adjective aberrant, abnormal, anomalous, tion, safeguard, sponsorship, superintendence, supervision,
dissimilar, diverse, exceptional, never the same, nonuniform, support, tutelage, wardenship, wardship
unalike, unrepresentative, variable ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: under governmental auspices

51
 AUSPICIOUS

AUSPICIOUS, adjective betokening success, encour- persons of commanding influence, potestates, powers that
aging, favorable, favored by fortune, favoring, felicitous, be, rulers, those holding power, those in command, those
felix, fortunate, good, hopeful, inspiriting, lucky, of good in control, those of influence, those who rule
omen, of promise, opportune, portending happiness, pre- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: competent authorities, governmental
saging good fortune, promising, propitious, prosper, provi- authorities, lawful authorities, local authorities, municipal
dential, roseate, successful authorities, port authorities, turnpike and toll authorities

AUSTERITY, noun abstemiousness, austeritas, bare AUTHORITY (Documentation), noun authoritative ex-
subsistence, chariness, closed purse, economicalness, ample, authoritative rule for future similar cases, court rule,
economy, frugality, frugalness, good management, hus- decision, judgment, judicial decision establishing a rule, judi-
bandry, lack of luxury, meagerness, scantiness, scrimping, cial precedent, legislative precedent, order, precedent, pre-
self-denial, self-restraint, severe discipline, severitas, sever- cept, prior instance, ratio decidendi, ruling, sanction, statute
ity, stinginess, stint, strictness, stringency, subsistence ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: established authority
level, temperance, thrift, thriftiness, unwastefulness
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: austerity budget AUTHORITY (Legal expert), noun able, accomplished,
acquainted, adept, adroit, all-knowing, apt, artful, capable,
AUTHENTIC, adjective accordant with the facts, accord- clever, cognizant, competent, conversant, deft, dexterous,
ing to the facts, accredited, accurate, actual, as represented, effective, efficient, encyclopedic, experienced, facile, fin-
attested, authoritative, bona fide, certus, credible, demon- ished handy, ingenious, knowing, knowledgeable, learned,
strated, dependable, documented, entitled to acceptance masterful, masterly, omniscient, practiced, prepared, pro-
and belief, factual, faithful, founded on fact, from competent fessional, proficient, qualified, seasoned, skilled, skillful,
sources, from the original data, genuine, genuine in origin, trained, tried, versed, veteran, well-qualified, wise
honest, inartificial, legitimate, literal, not apocryphal, not ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: forensic expert
false, not fictitious, not spurious, not tampered with, of the
origin reputed, original, positive, pure, real, reliable, solid, AUTHORITY (Power), noun auctoritas, authoritative-
sound, true, trusted, trustworthy, unadulterated, uncounter- ness, control, dominance, domination, force, governance,
feited, undisguised, undistorted, unexaggerated, unfabri- importance, influence, position of influence, position of
cated, unfaked, unfeigned, unfictitious, unplagiarized, un- power, powers that be, seniority, source, supremacy, sway
questionable, unsimulated, unspecious, unspurious, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: abuse of authority, acting under author-
unsynthetic, valid, verifiable, veritable, verus, well-based, ity, actual authority, agency, apparent authority, authority by
well-founded, well-grounded, worthy of belief estoppel, authority coupled with an interest, authority of
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: authentic act, authenticate, forgery, law, authority of the court, colorable authority, constituted
notaries authority, de facto authority, delegation of authority, express
authority, general authority, implied authority, incidental au-
AUTHENTICATE, verb accredit, affirm, approve, assert, thority, indicia of authority, lawful authority, legislative
attest, aver, avouch, avow, back up, certify, confirm, cor- authority, limited authority, local authority, municipal author-
roborate, declare, document, endorse, establish, guaran- ity, naked authority, parental authority, power of attorney,
tee, legitimize, profess, prove, reinforce, sanction, substan- proxy, public authority, real authority, scope of authority, spe-
tiate, support, testify to, validate, verify, vouch for, warrant, cial authority, under cover of authority, unlimited authority,
witness want of authority, written authority
FOREIGN PHRASES: Argumentum ab auctoritate est fortis-
AUTHOR (Originator), noun architect, auctor, begetter, simum in lege. An argument drawn from authority is the
causer, composer, contriver, creator, deviser, discoverer, ef- strongest in the law. Majus dignum trahit ad se minus
fecter, fabricator, founder, generator, inaugurator, initiator, in- dignum. The greater authority appropriates to itself the
novater, institutor, introducer, inventor, maker, manufacturer, lesser authority. Nihil tam proprium imperio quam legi-
occasioner, organizer, parent, prime mover, producer, sire bus vivere. Nothing is so becoming to authority as to live
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: copyright in conformity with the laws. Non debet cui plus licet,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Culpa tenet suos auctores. Fault binds its quod minus est non licere. He who is given a greater
own authors. authority ought not to be forbidden that which is less. Ubi
non est condendi auctoritas, ibi non est parendi neces-
AUTHOR (Writer), noun compiler, composer of a liter- sitas. Where there is no authority for establishing a rule,
ary work, drafter, essayist, literary person, man of letters, there is no need for obeying it. Firmior et potentior est
person who writes, scriptor, verse maker operatio legis quam dispositio hominis. The operation
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: copyright, plagiarism of the law is more firm and more powerful than the will of
man. Fortior et potentior est dispositio legis quam
AUTHORITATIVE, adjective accurate, approved, au- hominis. The disposition of the law has greater force and
thentic, circumstantiated, compelling, complete, compre- stronger effect than that of man. Judici officium suum
hensive, conclusive, confirmed, correct, decisive, defini- excedenti non paretur. No obedience is to be given to a
tive, dependable, exhaustive, important, indisputable, judge exceeding his office or jurisdiction. Legitime impe-
influential, irrefutable, justified, legitimate, masterful, mo- ranti parere necesse est. One who commands lawfully
mentous, official, predominant, preeminent, real, reliable, must be obeyed. In maxima potentia minima licentia.
sanctioned, scholarly, sound, supported, thorough, true, In the greatest liberty there is the least freedom. Semper
trustworthy, truthful, undisputed, unequivocal, verified, praesumitur pro legitimatione puerorum. The pre-
veritable sumption always is in favor of the legitimacy of children.

AUTHORITIES, noun administration, commanders, di- AUTHORITY (Right), noun jurisdiction, legal power, le-
rectors, executives, government, heads, magistratus, gitimacy, prerogative, right to adjudicate, right to command,
management, officeholders, officials, persons in office, right to determine, right to settle issues, rightful power

52
 AVERMENT

FOREIGN PHRASES: Omnis ratihabitio retrotrahitur et man- AVAIL (Be of use), verb aid, assist, assist in accomplish-
dato priori aequiparatur. Every ratification relates back ing a purpose, be good to, be of service, be of value, be
and is taken to be the equal of prior authority. Nullius profitable, be useful, benefit, bestead, bring to bear, confer
hominis auctoritas apud nos valere debet, ut meliora a benefit on, do service, have efficacy, help, perform a func-
non sequeremur si quis attulerit. No man’s influence tion, prodesse, promote, serve, service, subserve, succor,
ought to prevail upon us, that we should not follow better suit one’s purpose, valere
opinions should anyone present them. Nemo potest fa-
cere per obliquum quod non potest facere per directum. AVAIL (Bring about), verb accomplish, bear fruit, bring
No man can do indirectly that which he cannot do di- forth, cause, conduce, effect, effectuate, engender, evolve,
rectly. In rebus manifestis, errat qui auctoritates legum generate, give origin to, give rise to, have force, meet the
allegat; quia perspicua vera non sunt probanda. In clear demand, occasion, produce, profit, provide, re uti, realize,
cases, he errs who cites legal authorities because obvious render, succeed, suffice
truths are manifest and do not have to be proved.
AVAILABLE, adjective accessible, approachable, at
AUTHORIZATION, noun accreditation, approval, hand, at one’s disposal, attainable, convenient, fit, handy,
certification, clearance, compliance, consent, credentials, obtainable, on call, on the market, open, reachable, ready,
delegation, directive, empowerment, endorsement, go-ahead, receptive, securable, suitable, to be had, unfilled, untaken,
granting, leave, legalized, legitimization, license, mandate, usable, vacant, willing, within reach
order, pass, permission, sanctioned, warrant ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: available remedies

AUTHORIZE, verb accord, accredit, acquiesce in, admit, AVENUE (Means of attainment), noun approach,
advocate, affirm, agree to, allow, appoint, approve, assent course, course of action, customary way, definite proce-
to, assign, auctor esse, be favorable to, be in favor of, certify, dure, formula, manner, manner of working, means of ac-
charge, charter, commission, concede, confer a privilege, cess, method, method of attack, mode, mode of operation,
confer a right, confirm, confirm officially, consent to, con- procedure, process, scheme, standard procedure, system,
sign, countenance, credit, declare lawful, delegate to, de- tack, technique, way, ways and means
pute, empower, enable, endorse, endow, endow with
power, enfranchise, entitle, entrust, establish, formalize, for- AVENUE (Route), noun approach, boulevard, channel,
mally sanction, give a right, give authority, give leave, give corridor, course, egress, entrance, entry, ingress, passage,
permission, give power, go along with, grant, grant claims, passageway, path, principal thoroughfare, road, roadway,
grant permission, have no objection, homologate, interpose street, way
no obstacles, invest with power, legalize, legislate, legiti-
mate, legitimatize, legitimize, license, maintain, make legal, AVER, verb acquainted with, affirm, agree, alert to, at-
make valid, permit, potestatem facere, prescribe, privilege, test, avouch, circumspect, cognizant, confirm, conscious of,
pronounce legal, put in force, put up with, recognize, rec- consent, conversant with, declare, defend, depose, discern-
ommend, release, restore permission, sanctify, sanction, ing, emphasize, ensure, excellent judgment, familiar with,
sanction a claim, sign, subscribe to, suffer to occur, support farsighted, grounded, guarantee, incisive, informed, keen
by authority, sustain, sustain by authority, tolerate, under- judgment, knowing, knowledgeable, learned, maintain, ob-
write, validate, vest with a title, vouch for, vouchsafe, warrant servant, penetrating, perceptive, perspicuous, present, pro-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: agency, delegation claim, profess, pronounce, prove, reaffirm, reassert, recount,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Semper qui non prohibet pro se interve- regardful, sagacious, savvy, scholarly, sensitive to the situa-
nire, mandare creditur. He who does not prohibit the tion, sophisticated, state, stress, support, swear, testify, un-
intervention of another in his behalf is deemed to have autho- derstanding, understanding of the facts, undertake, well-in-
rized it. formed, wise, witting
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: acknowledgment, affidavit, perjury
AUTOMATIC, adjective allowed, authorized, axiom-
atic, common, customary, everyday, expected, familiar, AVERAGE (Midmost), adjective center, centermost,
frequent, habitual, immediate, ingrained, instant, instanta- intermediate, mean, mean proportioned, medial, median,
neous, instinctive, natural, perfunctory, permitted, recur- mediate, medium, mid, middle, middle class, middle
rent, reflex, regular, robotic, routine, spontaneous, stan- grade, middlemost, middling
dard, standard-issue, subliminal, systematic, unconscious, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: average annual earnings or wages,
unforced, unplanned, visceral average capital, average charges, average daily attendance,
average daily balance, average daily wage, average price,
AUTONOMOUS (Independent), adjective detached, average speed, average value, average weekly wage, gen-
existing as an independent entity, free, free to choose, self- eral average, gross average, income averaging, particular
contained, self-reliant, self-sufficient, self-supporting, unco- average, petty average, simple average
erced, uncompelled, unconstrained, uncontrolled,
unrestricted AVERAGE (Standard), adjective common, common-
place, conventional, fair, mediocre, moderate, normal,
AUTONOMOUS (Self governing), adjective at liberty, normative, ordinary, passable, prosaic, stock, typical, unex-
autarchic, autonomic, enfranchised, free, politically indepen- ceptional, unnoteworthy, usual
dent, self-determined, self-directing, self-ruling, sovereign ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: average man, average person, aver-
age quality
AUXILIARY, adjective accessorial, accessory, added,
additional, annexed, appurtenant, assistant, backup, con- AVERMENT, noun adjuration, adjurement, affirmance,
tributory, excess, extra, further, peripheral, reinforcement, affirmation, announcement, assertion, assertment, asser-
secondary, subordinate, substitute, supplemental, supple- tory oath, asseveration, attest, attestation, avouchment,
mentary, supportive, surplus, tributary avowal, confirmation, declaration, formulation, instrument

53
 AVERSE

in proof, positive declaration, positive statement, profes- AVOUCH (Guarantee), verb assume responsibility for,
sion, pronouncement, solemn affirmation, statement of assure, authenticate, back, be answerable for, be surety for,
facts, statement on oath, swearing, testification, vouching, certify, endorse, ensure, give assurance, insure, pledge, pledge
written statement one’s word, sponsor, underwrite, verify, vouch for, warrant
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: averment of facts, descriptive aver-
ment, general averment, material averment, negative AVOUCHMENT, noun acknowledgment, adjuration, af-
averment, particular averments, pleading, unnecessary firmance, affirmation, assertion, asseveration, assurance,
averments attest, attestation, averment, avowal, avowance, declara-
tion, formulation, oath, open statement of affirmation,
AVERSE, adjective adverse, alienus, antagonistic, anti- positive assertion, positive statement, proclamation, pro-
pathetic, aversus, disinclined, disliking, hostile, indisposed, nouncement, public declaration, solemn averment, solemn
inimical, loath, opposed, reluctant, repelled, repugnant, avowal, solemn declaration, statement of facts, swearing,
revolted, undesirous, unfavorable, unwilling testification, vouch, vow
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: affidavit
AVERT, verb amovere, arrest, avertere, avoid, change
the course of, check, counteract, deflect, deter, divert, fend AVOW, verb acknowledge, admit, admit frankly, affirm,
off, forestall, head off, intercept, make possible the avoid- allege as a fact, articulate, assert, assert on oath, assert pe-
ance of, parry, prevent, prohibere, shove aside, shunt, stave remptorily, assert under oath, asseverate, attest, authenticate,
off, thwart, turn, turn aside, turn away, turn to the side, aver, avouch, be bound, bear witness, certify, commit oneself,
ward off confess, confirm, confiteri, contend, declare, declare openly,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: averting danger declare positively, declare the truth of, depose, enunciate,
express, fateri, formulate, maintain, make a statement, make
AVOID (Cancel), verb annul, defeat, destroy the efficacy an assertion, postulate, predicate, proclaim, profess, profiteri,
of, invalidate, make inoperative, make of no effect, make pronounce, propound, protest, set down, speak, state, state
void, make wholly without effect, refute, vacate, void as true, state with conviction, swear, take one’s oath, testify,
vouch, vow, witness
AVOID (Evade), verb abstain from, avert, balk at, de- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: affidavit, testimony
cline, depart from, dodge, elude, escape, eschew, flee from,
forbear, forsake, have nothing to do with, hold back, keep at AVOWAL, noun acknowledgment, adjurement, affir-
a distance from, keep away from, keep clear of, make off, mance, affirmation, assertion, asseveration, attestation,
part company, refrain from, retreat, shun, shy away from, authentication, averment, aveu, avouchment, avowance,
vitare confessio, confession, confirmation, contention, corrobora-
tion, declaration, endorsement, legal pledge, open declara-
AVOIDANCE (Cancellation), noun abrogation, annul- tion, positive statement, profession, pronouncement, pro-
ling, annulment, canceling, cessation, discontinuation, dis- testation, statement, statement on oath, testimony,
missal, invalidation, making useless, nullifying, quashing, validation, verification
removal, rendering void, rescission, setting aside, vacating,
vacation, voidance AVULSION, noun divulsion, evulsion, forcible extrac-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: avoidable preference, avoidance of tion, plucking out, ripping out, tearing away, tearing off,
contract, avoidance of will violent separation, wresting
FOREIGN PHRASES: Falsa demonstratione legatum non ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accretion, erosion, riparian rights
perimi. A legacy is not nullified by an erroneous description.
AWARD, noun act of judgment, action, adjudgment,
AVOIDANCE (Evasion), noun bypass, detour, deviation, adjudication, authoritative decision, decision, decree, de-
dodge, elusion, eschewment, evasion, evasive action, par- termination, edict, finding, grant, judication, judicial deci-
rying, refraining, retreat, shunning, sidestep sion, judicial sentence, opinion, order, order of the court,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: avoidable consequences, avoidance by pronouncement, pronouncement by a court, recorded ex-
the courts of question of constitutionality, avoidance of pression of a formal judgment, resolution, result, ruling,
consequences, avoidance of risk, confession and avoid- ruling of the court, verdict, warrant
ance, last clear chance, pleading in avoidance ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: arbitration and award, award of dam-
ages, compensatory award, confirmation of an award,
AVOISON, noun aggressively skirting the law, ahead of monetary award, punitive award
the law in tax, avoiding tax liability, ensuring minimum tax
liability, exploit a legal ambiguity in tax, exploiting a legal AWARD, verb act on, addicere, adiudicare, adjudge,
loophole in tax, legal loophole, planning tax avoidance, adjudge to be due, adjudicate, bestow by judicial decree,
pursuing a legal gray area in tax bring in a verdict, conclude, decide, decree, decree by
deliberate judgment, decree to be merited, deliver judg-
AVOUCH (Avow), verb acknowledge, affirm, affirm ment, determine, establish, find, fix, ordain, order, pass
with confidence, allege, allege as a fact, assert, assert judgment, pass sentence, pass upon, pronounce, pro-
peremptorily, assert positively, assert under oath, assev- nounce judgment, pronounce on, rule, settle
erate, attest, aver, bear witness, certify, confirm, confirm
by oath, contend, declare, declare openly, declare with AWARE, adjective acquainted, alert, apperceptive,
positiveness, depose, maintain, make an assertion, make apprehensive, apprised, astute, aware, clear-sighted,
open affirmation, make solemn affirmation, proclaim, cognitive, cognizant, comprehending, conscious, conver-
profess, pronounce, propound, put in an affidavit, reaf- sant, discerning, discriminating, knowing, knowledge-
firm, reassert, solemnly affirm, state, state as true, state able, familiar, informed, percipient, perspicacious, profi-
with conviction, swear, swear an oath, swear the truth, cient, sagacious, sensible to, understood, well-posted,
testify, vouch, vow well-versed

54
 BACKING

AWAY, adjective at a distance, distant, far, far AWKWARD (Inconsistent), adjective conflicting, cum-
away, far-off, further away, in the background, in the bersome, discordant, disparate, ill-advised, improper, inap-
distance, inaccessible, long distance, long range, out of plicable, inapposite, inappropriate, incongruous, inconsis-
range, out of reach, out of sight, outlying, remote, re- tent, maladroit, misdirected, misguided, nonconforming,
moved, separated, unapproachable, uncommunicative, out of place, painful, peculiar, unfit, unsettling, unsound,
unresponsive unsuitable, wrong

AWE, verb affect, amaze, arouse, astonish, astound, AWKWARD (Inelegant), adjective abashed, amateur-
blow away, bowl over, bulldoze, electrify, excel, excite, ish, boorish, botched, bungling, careless, clumsy, crude,
grab, grandstand, impress, inspire, move, outdo, pique, fumbled, graceless, incompetent, inept, inexpert, sloppy,
show off, stimulate, stir, strike, stun, succeed, thrill tacky, tactless, uncouth, undiplomatic, ungainly, unpol-
ished, unprofessional, unskilled
AWFUL, adjective abhorrent, abominable, atrocious,
beneath contempt, contemptible, deplorable, despicable, AXIOMATIC, adjective a priori, absolute, aphoristic,
detestable, dreadful, drive, foul, frightening, frightful, apodictic, apparent, ascertained, assured, beyond all ques-
ghastly, ghoulish, gruesome, harrowing, hateful, heinous, tion, beyond dispute, categorical, certain, decided, deci-
horrendous, horrid, horrifying, indefensible, loathsome, sive, definite, determinate, doubtless, incontestable, in-
macabre, obnoxious, odious, offensive, outrageous, pa- controvertible, indubious, indubitable, irrefutable, manifest,
thetic, pitiful, repellent, reprehensible, repulsive, revolting, positive, questionless, self-evident, sententious, solid, sure,
shameful, shocking, terrible, terrifying, unspeakable, vile, unambiguous, unchallengeable, uncontested, undeniable,
villainous, wholly inadequate undisputed, undoubted, unequivocal, unimpeachable, un-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: deplorable conditions mistakable, unquestionable, unquestioned, well-founded

B
BABY, noun bairn, changeling, child, fledgling, infant, champion, coadjutant, coadjutor, coadjuvant, defender, en-
juvenile, kid, minor, toddler, young innocent, youngling dorser, ensurer, exponent, fautor, guarantor, helper, investor,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: abortion, adoption, baby act, illegitimacy lender, mainstay, maintainer, mortgatee, partisan, patron,
promoter, protagonist, protector, reliever, second, seconder,
BACK (In arrears), adjective behind, behind time, be- sectary, sponsor, subsidizer, supporter, sustainer, sympathizer,
lated, deferred, delayed, detained, earlier, elapsed, expired, upholder, warrantor
fore, forgotten, former, in abeyance, late, long-delayed,
overdue, past, prior, tardy, unpunctual, unready BACKGROUND (Framework), noun awareness, com-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: back pay, back taxes, back time doc- mand of the facts, comprehension, context, familiarity of
trine, back wages the facts, insight, knowledge

BACK (In reverse), adjective backward, hindermost, BACKGROUND (History), noun abilities, accomplish-
hindmost, hindward, posterior, rearmost, rearward, retro- ments, aptitude, biography, capacity, circumstances, cre-
gressive, retrospective, reversed, turned around dentials, curriculum vitae, CV, deeds, education, endow-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: back lands ment, experience, expertise, in-depth experience,
knowledge, mastership, past, pedigree, potentiality, prep-
BACKBONE, noun ardor, audacity, boldness, corner- aration, qualifications, record, résumé, specialty, strong
stone, courage, dependency, determination, earnestness, suit, suitability, training
embodiment, endurance, firmness, fortitude, gist, ground,
indefatigability, intestinal fortitude, main point, mainstay, BACKGROUND (Rear Area), noun aft, area in the back,
marrow, mettle, nerve, pillar, pith, pluck, quality, resolute- back, behind area, posterior, rear, rear area, rear locale, rear
ness, resolution, resolve, spine, steadfastness, strength, scene, rear scenery, rear surroundings
substance, support, tenacity, underpinning, valor, vigor, will
BACKING, noun advocacy, aegis, aid, approval, assis-
BACKER, noun abettor, adherent, adjunct, adjutant, adju- tance, auspices, bolstering, championing, charity, comfort,
vant, advocate, aider, ally, assister, auxiliary, benefactor, commendation, cooperation, coverage, defense,

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 BACKSLIDING

encouragement, favor, financing, furtherance, guarantee, BAD DEBT, noun dishonored bill, inconvertible bill, irre-
guidance, help, indorsement, interest, investment, loan, deemable bill, irretrievable debt, loss, outstanding debt,
maintenance, patronage, promotion, protection, reinforce- protested bill, uncollectible debt, write-off
ment, relief, seconding, security, service, sponsorship, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bad debt loss, bad debt tax deduction
strengthening, subsidy, succor, support, sustenance, warranty
BAD FAITH, noun abjection, abjectness, abscondence,
BACKSLIDING, verb about face, adoption, after- apostasy, artifice, base conduct, betrayal, betrayment, breach
thoughts, change like a chameleon, change of heart, of faith, broken faith, broken promise, collaboration, collu-
change of mind, conversion, defection, diametrically op- sion, complicity, connivance, cozenage, debasement, deceit,
posed stance, divergence, diversion, flip-flop, 180 de- deceitfulness, deception, defalcation, defection, delusion,
gree about face, qualification, realignment, regression, delusiveness, dereliction, dereliction of duty, deviation from
restructuring, reversal, reversion, temporizer, tergiversa- rectitude, deviousness, disaffection, disavowal, dishonesty,
tion, turn of the tide, turnabout dishonor, disingenuousness, disloyalty, disobedience, disre-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: flip-flop on a political stance pute, double-dealing, duplicity, fallaciousness, false pre-
tenses, false pretension, false swearing, falseheartedness,
BACKWARD, adjective arrested, behindhand, belated, falseness, forswearing, fraud, fraudulency, furtiveness, guile,
dallying, defected, delayed, delaying, dilatory, impeded, hypocrisy, ignominy, improbity, indiscretion, infidelity, in-
late, mentally deficient, overdue, procrastinating, regres- fraction, insidiousness, insincerity, inveracity, lack of con-
sive, retarded, retroactive, retrograde, reversed, slow, science, lack of fidelity, lack of principle, lack of probity, mala
subnormal, tardy, untimely fides, malversation, mendaciousness, mendacity, meretri-
ciousness, misfeasance, misrepresentation, obliquity, pecu-
BAD (Inferior), adjective adultered, base, decaying, de- lation, perfidiousness, perfidy, pettifoggery, pretense, pre-
fective, degenerative, degraded, deleterious, deplorable, text, punic faith, recantation, recreancy, reprobacy, sedition,
deteriorated, detrimental, dreadful, faulty, foul, fulsome, im- seditiousness, spuriousness, subterfuge, subversion, subver-
perfect, impure, injurious, malignant, malus, noxious, objec- sive activity, suppression of truth, surreptitiousness, suspi-
tionable, ruined, undesirable, unfit, unsound, unsuitable ciousness, traitorousness, treacherousness, treachery, truth-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bad bargain, bad check, bad title lessness, turpitude, unauthenticity, unconscientiousness,
underhand dealing, unfairness, unfaith, unfaithfulness, un-
BAD (Offensive), adjective abhorrent, abominable, accus- faithworthiness, ungenuineness, unloyalty, unscrupulous-
able, amoral, arrant, atrocious, baleful, baneful, base, con- ness, unsteadfastness, untrueness, untrustiness, untrustwor-
temptible, corrupt, cruel, debauched, degenerate, degraded, thiness, untruthfulness, unveraciousness, unveracity,
demoralized, deplorable, depraved, derogatory, despicable, unverity, venality, violation of allegiance, violation of duty
destructive, detrimental, diabolic, dire, disastrous, disgraced, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: fraud
disgusting, dishonorable, disreputable, evil, execrable, flagi-
tious, flagrant, fulsome, heinous, ignoble, immoral, improbus, BAD JUDGMENT, noun aberrancy, aberration, blunder,
improper, indecent, infamous, iniquitous, injurious, insidious, distortion, errancy, erroneousness, error, fallacy, falseness,
loathsome, maleficent, malevolent, malific, malus, miscreant, faultiness, inattention, indiscretion, inexactness, misapplica-
monstrous, nasty, nefarious, nequam, nocuous, objection- tion, miscalculation, misconception, misestimation, misinter-
able, obnoxious, odious, offensive, onerous, oppressive, op- pretation, misjudgment, misreckoning, mistake, perversion,
probrious, peccant, perfidious, pernicious, reprehensible, wrong verdict
reprobate, repugnant, repulsive, retrogressive, revolting, ru- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bad behavior, bad faith, bad judgment,
ined, ruinous, scandalous, sinful, sinister, treacherous, trou- bad motives
blous, turpitudinous, undesirable, unfit, unsuitable, unvirtu-
ous, venal, vicious, vile, villainous, virtueless, wicked BAD REPUTE, noun abasement, abjection, abjectness,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bad behavior, bad character, bad faith, abomination, allegation, amoralism, amorality, animadver-
bad influence, bad motive, bad reputation, bad repute sion, antagonism, aspersion, attaint, bad character, bad influ-
FOREIGN PHRASES: In facto quod se habet ad bonum et ence, bad name, betrayal, calumniation, calumny, castigation,
malum, magis de bono quam de malo lex intendit. In an censoriousness, censure, charge, condemnation, confutation,
act or deed which may be considered as both good and bad, contemptibility, contumely, corruption, criminality, crimina-
the law directs its attention more to the good than the bad. tion, criticism, debasement, decrial, defilement, degeneracy,
degradation, delinquency, demoralization, denigration, de-
BAD CHARACTER, noun bad name, bad reputation, bad nunciation, depravity, deprecation, derision, derogation, de-
repute, baseness, discredit, discreditableness, disesteem, spicability, despicableness, detraction, deviation from recti-
disfavor, disgrace, dishonor, dishonorableness, disreputabil- tude, deviation from virtue, deviousness, disapprobation,
ity, disrepute, ignobility, ignominy, ill favor, ill repute, infamy, discommendation, discountenance, discredit, disesteem, dis-
lowness, reproachability, undesirability, unrespectability favor, disgrace, disgracefulness, dishonor, dishonorableness,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: character evidence, credibility, im- disparagement, displacency, disreputability, disreputableness,
peachment of credibility, imputation of character, reputation, disrepute, disrespectability, disrespectfulness, excoriation,
slander exposure, flagitiousness, flagrancy, fraud, fraudulence, ignobil-
ity, ignominiousness, ignominy, ill repute, immorality, im-
BAD CHECK, noun deceptive check, defective check, paired reputation, improbation, improbity, impropriety, im-
forged check, fraudulent check, inutile check, invalid pugnation, increpation, inculpation, indecorum, infamousness,
check, nugatory check, returned check, rubber check, sup- infamy, infidelity, insolence, irreverence, lack of integrity, lax-
positious check, unmarketable check, unserviceable check, ity, loss of honor, loss of reputation, low regard, low standard,
unsound check, useless check, valueless check, void maculation, malevolence, malignity, malversation, misbehav-
check, worthless check ior, moral degeneracy, moral turpitude, notoriety, objurga-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: criminal charge of worthless check- tion, obliquity, obloquy, obnoxiousness, obtrectation, odi-
writing ousness, odium, opprobrium, peccability, peculation,

56
 BALLOT

perfidiousness, perfidy, perversity, prodition, profligacy, pub- BAIT (Lure), verb actuate, allure, appeal to, attract, bam-
lic reproach, rapacity, rebuke, reflection, reprehension, repri- boozle, befool, beguile, bias, chouse, compel, cozen, de-
mand, reproach, reprobation, reproof, revilement, scurrility, ceive, decoy, delude, dispose, draw, dupe, enlist, enmesh,
sedition, shame, shamefulness, slight, stigma, stricture, suspi- ensnare, entangle, entice, entrap, entreat, entreaty, evoke,
ciousness, taint, traducement, transgression, turpitude, unac- excite, exert pressure, exhort, forelay, gammon, goad, hold
ceptableness, unrespectability, unscrupulousness, venality, out allurement, impel, importune, incite, induce, influence,
vice, vilification, vilipendency, want of principle inveigle, lead astray, lead into temptation, lobby, persuade,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: character evidence, credibility of wit- predispose, press, prevail upon, provoke, seduce, snare,
ness, moral turpitude, reputation solicit, stimulate, suborn, swindle, take advantage of, tanta-
lize, tease, tempt, titillate, trap, trepan, trick, urge
BADGER, verb abuse, afflict, aggravate, aggrieve, annoy, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bait advertising, entrapment
annoy excessively, assail, bait, beset, bother, bully, chafe,
discomfort, discommode, discompose, disconcert, disquiet, BALANCE (Amount in excess), noun carry-over, excess,
distress, disturb, disturb keenly, exasperate, excruciate, fret, extra, leftover, margin, oddments, overflow, overmeasure,
goad, grate, harass, harrow, harry, heckle, hector, hound, overplus, overrun, oversupply, plus, reliquus, remainder, re-
importune, incommode, irk, irritate, mortify, nettle, oppress, maining portion, remains, remnant, residual, residual por-
perplex, persecute, perturb, pester, pique, plague, provoke, tion, residue, residuum, spare, superfluity, superfluousness,
rile, roil, ruffle, taunt, tease, torment, torture, trouble, try superplus, surfeit, surplus, surplusage
one’s patience, vex, worry ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: balance due

BAFFLE, verb balk, befog, beguile, bewilder, bluff, bother, BALANCE (Equality), noun analagousness, commensura-
check, circumvent, complicate, confound, confuse, cross, bility, comparability, comparableness, comparativeness, cor-
defeat, discomfort, disconcert, dismay, disrupt, evade, flum- respondence, equalization, equation, equilibration, equilib-
mox, fool, frustrate, fuddle, hoax, hinder, impede, incom- rium, equipoise, equipollence, equiponderance, equivalence,
mode, inconvenience, irk, muddle, mystify, nonplus, obfus- homeostasis, level, libro, neutralization of forces, parity, stabi-
cate, obstruct, outwit, perplex, perturb, puzzle, stall, stymie, lization, stable equilibrium, state of equilibrium, symmetrical
swindle, thwart, trick, upset scales, symmetry
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: balance account, balance of conve-
BAIL, noun assurance, bond, caution money, collateral, nience, balance of hardship, balance sheet, balancing equities
earnest, gage, guaranty, indemnity, pignus, pledge, security,
surety, undertaking BALANCED, adjective cadenced, cadent, coextensive,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: admission to bail, bail bond, bail piece, consonant, consistent, constant, equable, equal, equipon-
bonds, cash bail, common bail, excessive bail, execute on bail, derant, equitable, even, evenhanded, fair, firm, fluent, har-
forfeiture of bail, ne exeat, recognizance, reduction of bail, re- monious, just, level, measured, on an even keel, orderly,
lease on bail, revocation of bail, special bail, straw bail poised, proportionate, proportioned, rational, regular, sane,
square, symmetrical, uniform
BAILIWICK, noun area, arena, authority, circle, de- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: balance of convenience, balance of
partment, district, domain, dominion, enclave, field, haunt, power, balance of the equities
jurisdiction, orbit, precinct, province, purlieu, realm, re-
gion, specialty, sphere, sway, territory, ward BALD, adjective arrant, artless, austere, bare, bawdy,
blank, blunt, colorless, disclosed, dull, evident, exact, ex-
BAILMENT, noun giving up, held in pledge, in escrow, posed, factual, flagrant, flat, glaring, insipid, laconic, literal,
transferred, under control manifest, mere, obvious, open, outright, overt, plain, raw,
revealed, ribald, severe, simple, stark, straightforward, tame,
BAILOUT, noun appropriation, back, bankroll, capital- unabstructed, unadorned, undisguised, unembellished, un-
ize, contribution, donation, financial assistance, financial embroidered, ungarnished, uninteresting, unmistakable,
backing, fund, funding, grant, help, investment, rescue, unmitigated, unqualified, unsupported, unvarnished, vapid
sponsor, subsidization, support, underwrite a grant
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: Emergency Economic Stabilization BALEFUL, adjective bad, baneful, calamitous, damaging,
Act, financial bailout, government bailout, Troubled Asset dangerous, deadly, deleterious, despiteful, destructive, det-
Relief Program rimental, dire, disadvantageous, evil, harmful, heinous, hurt-
ful, ill-omened, inauspicious, insalubrious, lethal, malefic,
BAIT (Harass), verb afflict, affront, aggravate, aggrieve, malevolent, malicious, malignant, mischievous, nocuous,
agitate, agonize, anger, annoy, arouse, attack, badger, be noxious, ominous, pernicious, pestilent, poisonous, porten-
malevolent, be offensive, beset, besiege, bother, browbeat, tous, prejudicial, sinister, spiteful, unpropitious, venomous,
cause resentment, chafe, compel, deride, detract, discom- virulent
mode, displease, distract, distress, disturb, dragoon, embit-
ter, enflame, enrage, envenom, exasperate, excite, excite BALK, verb avert, baffle, bar, be obstructive, block,
indignation, exhort, give offense to, give umbrage to, goad, check, counter, counteract, countercheck, curb, defeat,
grate, harry, haze, heckle, hector, hound, impel, importune, delay, detain, eludere, estop, foil, forefend, forestall, frustrari,
incense, incite, incommode, inconvenience, inflame, inflict, frustrate, give trouble, halt, hamper, hinder, hold in check,
infuriate, instigate, insult, intimidate, irk, irritate, macerate, hold back, impede, impedite, interlope, interrupt, keep in
make wrathful, malign, maltreat, menace, offend, oppress, check, nullify, obstruct, obturate, obviate, occlude, prevent,
outrage, peeve, perplex, persecute, perturb, pique, plague, put in check, restrain, stall, stand in the way, stay, stop, stop
prey upon, provoke, pursue, put out of countenance, put short, stultify, stymie, suspend, thwart, traverse
pressure on, raid, rankle, rile, rouse, solicit insistently, spur,
taunt, tease, terrorize, threaten, torment, trouble, try one’s BALLOT, noun election, election outcome, election
patience, tyrannize, urge, vex, victimize, worry results, poll, polling, referendum, vote

57
 BAN

BAN, verb abrogate, banish, bar, block, censor, check, involuntary liquidation, loss, loss of fortune, pauperism,
declare illegal, deny, disallow, disqualify, embargo, enjoin, penury, privation, ruin, ruination
estop, exclude, forbid, foreclose, forfend, interdict, obstruct, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: adverse claims, arrangement for the
outlaw, prevent, prohibit, proscribe, refuse, refuse permis- benefit of creditors, bankruptcy act, bankruptcy assets, bank-
sion, repress, restrain, say no to, shut off, shut out, stay, stop, ruptcy court, bankruptcy estate, bankruptcy proceedings,
suppress, taboo, veto, withhold permission composition in bankruptcy, composition proceedings, dis-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: ban on Sunday sales charge in bankruptcy, foreclosure, fraudulent conveyance,
fraudulent transfers, involuntary bankruptcy, preferences,
BANAL, adjective colorless, common, commonplace, priorities, provable debts, receivers in bankruptcy, referees in
conventional, deadly, drab, dreary, dull, hackneyed, familiar, bankruptcy, reorganization proceedings, sale of assets,
flat, insipid, lifeless, matter of fact, mediocre, mundane, or- schedules, trustee in bankruptcy, valuation, void preference,
dinary, pedestrian, platitudinous, simple, stale, stereotyped, voidable transfer
stuffy, tedious, timeworn, traditional, trite, unimaginative,
uninteresting, unoriginal, usual, vapid, worn BAR (Body of lawyers), noun advocates, attorneys, at-
torneys-at-law, barristers, counsel, counselors, counselors-
BAND, noun alliance, army, array, association, bevy, at-law, jurists, lawyers, the legal fraternity, legal profession,
body, cabal, coalition, collection, combination, confedera- legists, solicitors
tion, congregation, corps, coterie, covey, crew, detail, force, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bar association, member of the bar
gang, grex, group, horde, league, legion, movement, outfit,
pack, panel, phalanx, squad, team, tribe, troop, troupe, BAR (Court), noun assize, bench, court of justice, court
turba, unit of law, curia, forum, judicature, judiciary, seat of justice, ses-
sions, tribunal
BANEFUL, adjective bad, baleful, corrosive, damaging, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bar of justice
dangerous, deadly, deleterious, destructive, detrimental,
disadvantageous, disastrous, disserviceable, evil, fatal, harm- BAR (Obstruction), noun balk, ban, barricade, barrier,
ful, heinous, hostile, hurtful, insalubrious, injurious, lethal, block, blockage, circumscription, constraint, curb, difficulty,
malevolent, malignant, mischievous, noisome, noxious, per- embargo, enjoining, estoppel, exclusion, forbiddance, fore-
nicious, pestilent, poisonous, prejudicial, ruinous, sinister, closure, forestalling, hindrance, hurdle, impediment, impedi-
threatening, toxic, unwholesome, venomous, virulent tion, infarction, injunction, interdict, interference, limit, limi-
tation, nonadmission, noninclusion, obstacle, preclusion,
BANISH, verb abandon, ban, bar, cast out, condemn, de- prevention, prohibition, proscription, refusal, rejection, re-
port, dismiss, dispel, disperse, displace, drive out, eliminate, straint, stoppage, stopper, stumbling block, suppression
exclude, excommunicate, exile, expatriate, expel, export, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bar by former judgment, estoppel
extradite, isolate, ostracize, oust, outlaw, prohibit, proscribe,
reject, remove, renounce, seclude, transport, turn out BAR (Exclude), verb ban, blacklist, circumscribe, debar,
deny, disallow, except, exile, forbid, interdict, keep out,
BANISHMENT, noun deportation, discharge, dismissal, leave out, limit, lock out, occlude, omit, ostracize, outlaw,
displacement, ejection, eviction, excommunication, exile, preclude, prevent, prohibit, refuse, reject, relegate, restrict,
exilement, expatriation, expulsion, extradition, interdictio shut out, spurn, suspend
aquae et ignis, involuntary exile, ostracism, ostracization,
ousting, outlawry, relegatio, removal BAR (Hinder), verb avert, barricade, block, blockade,
bolt, bridle, choke, choke off, curb, embar, enjoin, erect a
BANK, noun bursary, cash box, coffer, depository, mon- barrier, estop, fasten, fence, forbid, foreclose, frustrate, ham-
etary reservoir, money box, pecuniary resource, promptuary, per, impede, inhibit, interfere with, obstruct, obviate, oc-
public treasury, repository, reserve, safe, safe-deposit vault, clude, preclude, prevent, prohibit, proscribe, put an em-
storehouse, strongroom, till, vault bargo on, put one’s veto upon, repress, restrain, retard, seal,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bank account, bank bill, bank certifi- secure, shut off, stand in the way, stay, stop, thwart, trammel
cate, bank check, bank collections, bank deposit, bank draft,
bank examiner, bank money order, bank note, bank of de- BAR SINISTER, noun bastardism, bastardization, bas-
posit, bank of issue, bank robber, bank stock, bank transac- tardy, baton, birth out of wedlock, champain, illegitimacy,
tion, bank withdrawal, bankbook, banker’s acceptance, illegitimateness, illegitimation, illicit procreation, misbeget-
banker’s lien, banking hours, banking powers, banking privi- ting, unlawful begetting
leges, commercial bank, savings bank
BARE, verb admit, air, announce, appear, be disclosed, be
BANKRUPT, adjective bereft, broke, broken, decoctor, public, bring into view, bring out in evidence, bring to light,
defaulting, destitute, failed, impecunious, impoverished, in confess, declare, denude, disclose, display, divulgate, divulge,
receivership, in the hands of receivers, incapable of evince, evulgate, exhibit, expose, expose to view, lay bare,
discharging liabilities, indigent, insolvent, left in penury, lay open, make apparent, make evident, make known, make
moneyless, out of funds, out of money, pauperized, penni- manifest, make public, manifest, open, open up, publicize,
less, poverty-stricken, ruined, unable to make both ends represent, reveal, set forth evidence, show, surface, tell the
meet, unable to pay matured debts, unable to satisfy credi- truth, uncloak, unclothe, unconceal, uncover, uncurtain, undis-
tors, unmoneyed guise, undrape, unfold, unfurl, unmask, unscreen, unseal, un-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bankruptcy, bankruptcy court, dis- sheathe, unshield, unshroud, unveil, unwrap, vent, ventilate
charge in bankruptcy, estate of the bankrupt
BARGAIN, noun accord, accordance, agreement, ar-
BANKRUPTCY, noun defaulting, destituteness, destitu- rangement, collective agreement, compact, compromise,
tion, failure, financial disaster, financial failure, financial ruin, concord, concordance, concordat, contract, convention, cov-
impecuniosity, inability to pay, indigence, insolvency, enant, entente, mutual agreement, mutual pledge, mutual

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 BASTARD

understanding, mutual undertaking, pact, pactio, settlement, switch, trade, trade by exchange, trade off, traffic by ex-
stipulation, treaty, understanding change, vend
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: arm’s-length bargain, bargain and sale
deed, bargain and sale in a conveyance, bargain collectively, BASE (Bad), adjective contemptible, cowardly, despi-
bargain in good faith, bargain in restraint of trade, bargaining cable, despised, disreputable, heinous, immoral, odious,
agent, bargaining unit, benefit of the bargain rule, collective virtueless, wicked
bargaining, collective bargaining agreement
BASE (Inferior), adjective abject, cheap, common, di-
BARGAIN FOR, verb agree to, anticipate, assume, bank lapidated, dirty, lowly, mean, menial, poor
on, buy, calculate on, come to terms, contemplate, contract
for, count upon, covenant, expect, figure on, foresee, incur, BASE (Foundation), noun basis, cause, pivotal argument,
look for, plan on, prepare for, reckon on, specify, stipulate, starting point, support
surmise, think likely
BASE (Place), noun abode, center, central headquarters,
BAROMETER, noun climate, conclusion, criterion, feel- headquarters, place, station
ing, gauge, measure, model, norm, outcome, pattern,
result, rule, scale, sounding board, standard, test, touch- BASED ON, adverb bear upon, built on, contingent
stone, type, yardstick upon, dependent on, founded on, grounded on, relying on,
rested on
BARRAGE, noun artillery fire, assault, attack, blare, blast,
blitz, bombardment, bombings, boom, broadside, burst, BASELESS, adjective bottomless, empty, erroneous,
cannonade, clamor, concentration, covering fire, cross false, foundationless, gratuitous, groundless, having no
fire, explosions, fire, gunfire, protective fire, roar, salvo, foundation, idle, ill-founded, illogical, nonactual, not well-
shelling, shower, siege, spray, storm, storming, thunder, founded, rootless, unbased, uncaused, uncorroborated,
verbal assault, volley unfounded, ungrounded, unjustifiable, unprincipled, un-
reasonable, unsound, unsubstantial, unsubstantiated, un-
BARRED, adjective banned, debarred, disallowed, ex- supportable, unsupported, unsustainable, unsustained,
cepted, excluded, precluded, prohibited, proscribed, shut out untenable, unwarranted, vain, without base, without basis,
without cause, without reality, without reason
BARREN, adjective arid, bare, childless, desolate, dis-
used, empty, fallow, fruitless, functionless, idle, impotent, BASIC, adjective a priori, aboriginal, central, elementary,
inactive, inane, infecund, infertile, insufficient, issueless, non- essential, fundamental, implicit, indispensable, initial, innate,
fertile, nonproducing, nonproductive, profitless, scarce, shal- integral, intrinsic, material, monolithic, native, necessary,
low, sparse, stagnating, sterile, teemless, unable to yield, organic, original, practical, primary, prime, primitive, primor-
unfertile, unfruitful, ungerminating, unprocreant, unproduc- dial, requisite, rudimentary, simple, substantial, substantive,
tive, unprofitable, unprolific, unrewarded, unrewarding, un- ultimate, underlying, virtual, vital
salable, unyielding, vacant, vacuous, valueless, void, void of ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: basic patent, basic understanding of
contents, waste, wasteful, without issue, worthless the law
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: barren land
BASIC FACTS, noun essentials, the case, the facts in the
BARRICADE, noun bar, barrier, blockade, bulwark, matter, the facts of the case, the whole story
damper, dike, embankment, fortification, impediment, obsta-
cle, obstruction, protection, rampart, restraint, stockade, wall BASIS, noun assumption, authority, background, base,
cause, essence, foundation, fulcrum, fundamentals, fundus,
BARRICADE (Hinder), verb bar, block, check, deter, en- ground, groundwork, hypothesis, justification, motive, ori-
join, halt, hamper, impede, lock, obstruct, occlude, shut, stop gin, premise, principle, proposition, purpose, raison d’être,
rationale, reason, root, source, support, underlying principle,
BARRICADE (Protect), verb bolt, close, close off, confine, warrant
constrict, contain, dam up, defend, dig in, enclose, entrench, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: basis of cost, basis of keeping ac-
fasten, fence in, fortify, lock up, picket, secure, shut out counts, basis of the bargain, cash basis, contingency basis,
cost-plus basis
BARRIER, noun bar, barricade, bound, boundary, bul-
wark, check, confines, enclosure, encumbrance, fence, forti- BASTARD, noun adulterine, bantling, child born before
fication, hindrance, hurdle, impediment, interference, limit, marriage, child born out of wedlock, illegitimate child, no-
obstacle, obstruction, partition, prevention, preventive, pro- thus, nullius filius, spurious issue
hibition, protective device, rampart, restraining device, re- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: acknowledgment, bastardy proceeding,
straint, restriction, safeguard, stay, stop, stumbling block, illegitimate, inheritance, legitimacy support, putative father
termination, wall FOREIGN PHRASES: Bastardus non potest habere haeredem
nisi de corpore suo legitime procreatum. A bastard can-
BARRISTER, noun advocate, attorney, attorney-at-law, not have an heir unless he is one lawfully begotten of his own
counsel, counselor, counselor-at-law, jurisconsult, jurisprudent, body. Bastardus nullius est filius, aut filius populi. A
jurist, lawyer, learned counsel, legal advisor, legal practitioner, bastard is the son of no one, or the son of the people. Non
legist, member of the bar, procurator, publicist, solicitor est justum aliquem antenatum post mortem facere bas-
tardum qui toto tempore vitae suae pro legitimo habe-
BARTER, verb bargain, buy and sell, deal, dicker, ex- batur. It is not just to make anyone a bastard after his death,
change, give and take, give in exchange, haggle, interchange, who during his lifetime was regarded as legitimate. Qui
make exchanges, market, merces mutare, merchandise, ped- nascitur sine legitimo matrimonio, matrem sequitur. He
dle, rem pro re pacisci, rem re mutare, strike a bargain, swap, who is born out of lawful matrimony succeeds to the condition

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of his mother. Partus ex legitimo thoro non certius noscit BEAR (Tolerate), verb abide, accede to, accept, acqui-
matrem quam genitorem suum. The offspring of a legiti- esce, adhere to, allow, approve, be lenient, be patient, be
mate marriage knows not his mother more certainly than his subjected to, brave, carry on, concede, condone, continue,
father. Qui ex damnato coitu nascuntur inter liberos non endure, experience, forbear, go through, keep on, keep
computentur. They who are born of an illicit union should one’s countenance, labor under, live through, meet with,
not be reckoned among the children. obey, observe, pati, permit, persevere, persist in, plod, put
up with, recognize, resign oneself, sanction, show forbear-
BASTION, noun asylum, bulwark, castle, citadel, de- ance, spare, stand, stand the strain, submit to, suffer, suffice,
fense, fort, fortification, fortress, mainstay, parapet, rampart, support, sustain, sustinere, take patiently, tolerare, treat with
sanctuary, security, stronghold, tower indulgence, undergo, weather

BATTERY, noun assault, attack, beating, harmful physical BEAR (Yield), verb accrue, afford, aggrandize, allot, as-
contact, injurious force, offensive action, onslaught, thrash- sign, augment, bestow, breed, bring about, bring forth, bring
ing, unlawful hitting, unlawful striking, unlawful touching in a supply, cause, confer, contribute, convey, create, deliver,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: assault and battery, simple battery develop, dispense, earn, effectuate, emit, endow, engen-
der, enlarge, equip, evolve, fructify, fund, furnish, gain,
BATTLE (Dispute), noun action, affair, affray, argument, generate, give, give increase, grant, impart, make payment,
campaign, clash, collision, conflict, confrontation, conten- make provision, manifest, minister to, multiply, offer, parere,
tion, contest, crusade, discord, dispute, dissension, encoun- pay back, procreate, produce, profit, proliferate, propagate,
ter, engagement, hostilities, ordeal, resistance, row, show- provide, provision, purvey, reinforce, remit, render, replen-
down, strife, struggle ish, reproduce, restore, return, supply, surrender, transfer
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bear interest
BATTLE (Fight), noun affray, altercation, armed conflict,
bout, brawl, combat, conflict, fracas, fray, free-for-all, melee, BEAR FALSE WITNESS, verb abrogate, affirm the con-
quarrel, rift, scuffle, skirmish, tussle, war, warfare trary, apostatize, be deceitful, be devoid of truth, be dishon-
est, be erroneous, be faithless, be fallacious, be false, be
BATTLE (Dispute), verb altercate, argue, attack, bicker, forsworn, be fraudulent, be insincere, be mendacious, be
campaign, clash, compete, contend, contest, debate, dis- perfidious, be perjured, be spurious, be untruthful, belie,
agree, dissent, encounter, engage, grapple, litigate, oppose, betray, break faith, contradict, deny, deviate from the truth,
resist, strike at, struggle, take on, wrangle distort, falsely testify, falsify, forswear, go back on one’s
word, impugn, lie, miscite, misreport, perjure oneself, per-
BATTLE (Fight), verb assault, attack, combat, come to vert, prevaricate, revoke, speak falsely, swear falsely, take
blows, physically assault, pummel, resist, skirmish back, tell a lie, utter a falsehood
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: false swearing, perjury
BEAR (Adduce), verb acknowledge, acknowledge
openly, adjure, admit, affirm, afford proof of, allege, allude
BEAR THE EXPENSE, verb bear the cost, compensate,
to, argue, ascertain, assent, assert, assert absolutely, assever-
defray, defray expenses, defray the cost, discharge, expend,
ate, assure, attest, authenticate, aver, avouch, avow, bring
give money, incur costs, incur expenses, indemnify, make
forward, bring to light, bring up, call to mind, certify, circum-
compensation, make expenditure, make payment, make
stantiate, cite, claim, contend, corroborate, declare, declare
restitution, meet the bill, outlay, pay an indemnity, pay com-
to be fact, demonstrate, denote, depone, depose, display,
pensation, pay damages, pay for, pay in full, pay on demand,
divulge, document, elucidate, emphasize, endorse, estab-
pay the bill, pay the costs, pay wages, recompense, refund,
lish, evidence, evince, exemplify, exhibit, expose, express,
reimburse, remit, remunerate, render, repay, restitute, stand
formulate, furnish evidence, give evidence, give information,
the cost
give one’s word, give witness, guarantee, have evidence,
illustrate, imply, indicate, inform, introduce, invoke, involve,
maintain, make a statement, make an assertion, make evi- BEAR UPON, verb advocate, affect, apply, apply to,
dent, make reference to, make solemn, manifest, name, cause, coax, concern, connect, have to do with, influence,
plead, pledge, point out, point to, present, proclaim, pro- insist, interest, involve, pertain, pertain to, press, pressure,
duce, produce the evidence, profess, promulgate, pro- recommend, refer, regard, relate, relate to, respect, rest on,
pound, prove, publish, ratify, refer to, represent, show, sig- tie in with, touch, urge
nify, stand firm, state as fact, state on oath, stipulate, submit, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: to bear upon a witness’ credibility, to
subscribe, substantiate, sustain, swear, take one’s oath, bear upon guilt or innocence, to bear upon the evidence, to
testify, validate, verify, vindicate, vouch for, vow, warrant, bear upon the outcome of a case
witness to
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bear false witness, bear witness BEAR WITNESS, verb acknowledge, attest, authenti-
cate, avouch, avow, certify, corroborate, give evidence, in-
BEAR (Support), verb abet, aid, ally, assist, back, back up, form on, promise, seal, sell out, speak, substantiate, swear,
bolster, brace, bulwark, buoy up, buttress, carry, champion, take the stand, tell on, testify, turn informer, turn state’s evi-
contribute to, cradle, cushion, ferre, finance, fortify, fortress, dence, vouch, witness
foster, furnish assistance, furnish support, furnish sustenance, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bear witness to a crime, bear witness
garrison, gestare, give base, give foundation, give ground, to an accident, bear witness to an incident
give support, hold a brief for, hold up, justify, lend support,
maintain, nourish, oblige, plead for, portare, promote, prop, BEARER, noun acceptor, carrier, casher, check holder,
provide for, rally to, reinforce, safeguard, sanction, second, draft holder, grantee, holder, possessor, receiver, recipient,
shoulder, steady, strengthen, succor, supply aid, supply sup- taker, transferee
port, sustain, truss, upbear, uphold, vindicate ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bearer check, bearer instrument,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bear the expense, bear weight bearer note, bearer paper, negotiable instruments

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BEAT (Defeat), verb be superior, be supreme, be victori- BEFOREHAND, adverb ahead of, already, antecedent to,
ous over, bring to terms, checkmate, claim a victory, con- as a precursor to, before now, earlier, early, in advance of, in
quer, crush, dash, discomfit, excel, get the best of, get the anticipation, on the eve of, preparatory to, previous to, pre-
better of, have the advantage, hold the advantage, lay viously, prior to
waste, obtain a victory, outclass, outdo, outflank, outmaneu-
ver, outplay, outpoint, outrange, outrival, overbear, overbid, BEGIN, verb arise, assume, broach, come into existence,
overcome, overmaster, overmatch, overpower, override, commence, conceive, create, dawn, develop, embark, enter,
overtake, overthrow, overtrump, overwhelm, predominate, establish, found, generate, go ahead, inaugurate, incept,
preponderate, prevail over, put to rout, quell, ravage, re- initiate, institute, introduce, launch, maintain, open, origi-
duce, repulse, rout, seize the advantage, subdue, subjugate, nate, pave the way, pioneer, preface, prepare, promote,
succeed in winning, superare, suppress, surmount, surpass, provoke, spring, start, start up, stem, tackle, take on, take
take precedence, thwart, trample upon, transcend, triumph shape, undertake, unfold, unveil
over, undo, upset, vanquish, vincere, win the battle
BEGINNING, noun birth, causative, commencement,
BEAT (Pulsate), verb alternate, come and go, convulse, conception, creation, derivation, early derivation, elemen-
ebb and flow, falter, flicker, flitter, fluctuate, flutter, move up tary, embryo, emergence, foundation, fountain, fountain-
and down, oscillate, palpitate, pass and repass, pendulate, head, genesis, inauguration, inception, incipience, infancy,
pound, pulse, quake, quaver, quiver, reciprocate, seesaw, initial, kick-off, nascence, onset, opening, origin, origina-
shake, shiver, shuffle, strike, sway, swing, teeter, throb, tion, overture, preamble, precursor, preface, preliminary,
thump, toss, tremble, undulate, vacillate, vibrate, wave, prelude, prime, source, spring, stage, start, starting point
waver, writhe
BEHALF, noun account, advantage, advocacy, aid, aid-
BEAT (Strike), verb abuse, afflict, attack, baste, bastinado, ance, assistance, auspices, avail, behoof, benefaction, benefit,
batter, bruise, buffet, caedere, club, concuss, contund, con- benevolence, betterment, boon, contribution, countenance,
tuse, cudgel, cuff, ferire, fight, flagellate, flail, flog, fustigate, defense, endowment, expedience, favor, furtherance, gift,
give a blow, give a thrashing, hit, inflict, kick, knock down, good, help, improvement, increment, interest, ministration,
lambaste, land a blow, lash, lunge at, maul, pelt, percutere, opportunity, preferment, profit, promotion, propriety, protec-
pound, pulsare, pummel, punch, punish, rap, slam, slap, tion, sponsorship, stead, support, sustenance, utility, welfare
slug, smack, smite, swing, thrash, thresh, trounce, trun- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: agency, representative capacity
cheon, verberare, whip
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: assault, assault and battery, battery BEHAVIOR, noun actions, air, bearing, beliefs, carriage,
character, comportment, conduct, consuetude, course,
BECAUSE, conjunction as a consequence, as a result, course of conduct, course of life, decorum, demeanor, de-
as long as, by cause of, by reason of, by virtue of, conse- portment, habits, habituation, habitude, inveteracy, line of
quently, considering, due to, for the reason that, for the conduct, manner, manner of life, manners, matter of course,
sake of, in that, in the interest of, in view of, now, now that, mien, mode of action, mores, personal bearing, presence,
on behalf of, on the grounds that, over, owing to, since, propriety, ritual, ritualism, routine, way of acting, way of life
thanks to, through ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bad behavior, contemptuous behavior,
good behavior, indecent behavior
BECOME (Arise), verb befall, come about, come into FOREIGN PHRASES: Ad vitam aut culpam. For life, or until
being, come into existence, commence, ensue, germinate, guilty of misbehavior. De bono gestu. For or during good
happen, materialize, occur, proceed, result, succeed behavior.

BECOME (Develop), verb adorn, alter, arise, befit, be- BEHOLD, verb catch sight of, clap eyes on, consider,
hoove, benefit, beseem, change into, come to be, comport, descry, detect, discern, discover, distinguish, espy, examine,
convert, enhance, enrich, evolve, ferment, fit, garnish, har- eye, gaze at, glimpse, heed, inspect, look, look at, look upon,
monize with, heighten, mature, ornament, please, ripen make out, mark, notice, observe, perceive, pierce, recognize,
into, satisfy, spring up, suit, take its course, turn into, turn regard, remark, scan, scrutinize, see, see at a glance, sight,
out to be spy, stare at, survey, take in, view, watch, witness

BEDROCK, noun anchor, backbone, ballast, basis, BEING (Core), noun actuality, center, character, com-
bed, brace, bulwark, buttress, center, centerpiece, core, plexion, constituent, entity, essence, identity, individuality,
cornerstone, essence, focus, footing, foundation, frame- inherence in, intellect, lifeblood, mind, monad, nature, oc-
work, ground, grounding, groundwork, heart, infrastruc- currence, presence, psyche, quiddity, reality, root, spirit,
ture, nucleus, premise, quintessence, root, soul, strength, substance, truth, veracity
substructure, sum and substance, support, theory, under-
pinning BEING (Person), noun body, creature, existence, individ-
ual, inhabitant, life, living, man, mortal, object, organism,
BEFORE, adverb a priori, above, already, antecedently, personality, somebody, someone, subsistence, thing, woman
anteriorly, beforehand, earlier, early, first, formerly, preced-
ing, preliminarily, prematurely, previous, prior BELAUD, verb compliment, eulogize, exalt, extol, glorify,
laud, make much of, pay tribute, praise, sing the praises of
BEFORE MENTIONED, adjective above, above-cited,
above-mentioned, above-named, above-stated, aforehand, BELIEF (Something believed), noun canon, conclusion,
aforestated, antecedent, anterior, earlier, foregoing, fore- conviction, credo, creed, doctrinal statement, doctrine,
mentioned, forenamed, former, latter, named, precedent, dogma, expectation, maxim, persuasion, precept, principle,
preceding, precursive, precursory, preexistent, prefatory, rule, tenet
preliminary, prepositive, prevenient, previous, prior ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: beyond reasonable doubt, presumption

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 BELIEF

BELIEF (State of mind), noun absoluteness, assurance, judicium, justice, justice seat, law court, legal administration,
assuredness, certainty, certitude, conclusion, confidence, magistracy, magistrate, magistrature, open court, panel of
conviction, credence, credulity, definiteness, expectation, judges, privy council, seat of judgment, seat of justice, tribunal
intuition, judgment, opinio, opinion, positiveness, sanguine- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: at the bench, bench docket, bench
ness, understanding, unequivocalness notes, bench warrant
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: good faith belief, suspicion
FOREIGN PHRASES: Cuilibet in arte sua perito est creden- BENCHMARK, noun bookmark, critical point, crucial
dum. Credence should be given to one skilled in his par- point, crux, essence, essential matter, fundamental part, gist,
ticular art. Cuique in sua arte credendum est. Everyone is gravamen, heart, key point, linchpin, main point, material
to be believed in reference to his own art or profession. point, milestone, pivotal point, prime issue, salient point,
Testibus deponentibus in pari numero, dignioribus est substance, substantive point, turning point
credendum. When the number of testifying witnesses is
equal on both sides, the more worthy are to be believed. BENEATH CONTEMPT, adjective abhorrent, abominable,
appalling, atrocious, contemptible, deplorable, despicable,
BELIEVABLE, adjective conceivable, convincing, cre- detestable, dreadful, foul, frightening, frightful, ghastly,
dential, credible, creditable, dependable, incontestable, ghoulish, gruesome, harrowing, hateful, heinous, horren-
incontrovertible, indisputable, indubitable, irrefragable, dous, horrid, horrifying, loathsome, obnoxious, odious, of-
irrefutable, likely, persuasive, plausible, presumable, prob- fensive, outrageous, pathetic, pitiful, repellent, reprehensible,
able, reliable, sure, tenable, trustworthy, trusty, undeniable, repulsive, revolting, shameful, shocking, terrible, terrifying,
unimpeachable, unquestionable, verisimilar, well-founded, unspeakable, vile, villainous
well-grounded ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: appalling conduct, contempt of court,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: evidence of trustworthiness harassment

BELIEVE (Presume), verb admit, apprehend, assert, as- BENEFACTOR, noun abettor, advocate, aid, aider, ally,
sume, be assured, be certain, be convinced, conceive, con- altruist, assister, backer, beneficent friend, benefiter, cham-
jecture, consider, declare, deduce, deem, divine, expect, pion, contributor, defender, donor, favorer, free giver, friend,
fancy, feel, guess, hold, imagine, infer, judge, know, main- giver, Good Samaritan, help, helper, humanitarian, kind per-
tain, opine, perceive, postulate, presuppose, realize, regard, son, maintainer, ministrant, patron, philanthropist, pro-
rely on, suppose, surmise, suspect, swallow, theorize, think, moter, protector, redeemer, rescuer, seconder, succorer,
trust in, understand supporter, sustainer, upholder, well-doer

BELIEVE (Trust), verb accept, accredit, acknowledge, be BENEFICIAL, adjective advantageous, aidful, aiding,
confident of, be sure of, buy, count on, credit, entrust with, anodyne, availing, beneficent, benign, benignant, condu-
give credence to, have confidence in, have faith in, hope, cive, constructive, contributive, contributory, convenient,
rely upon, swear by cooperative, edifying, efficacious, favorable, fertile, for
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: believe a witness, liable, making a false one’s good, for one’s interest, functional, gainful, good for
statement, perjury, slander one’s advantage, helpful, helping, improving, invaluable,
obliging, of general utility, of service, of value, paying,
BELITTLE, verb abuse, censure, chastise, condemn, criti- practicable, practical, productive, proficuous, profitable,
cize, decry, defame, denigrate, denounce, deprecate, depre- prolific, promoting, propitious, prosperous, remunerative,
ciate, derogate, diminish, disapprove of, discommend, dis- salubrious, salutaris, salutary, salutiferous, serendipitous, to
count, discredit, disgrace, dismiss, disparage, downplay, one’s advantage, usable, useful, utilis, utilitarian, valuable,
lessen, malign, minimize, play down, put down, reprehend, worthwhile
reprobating, scold, scorn, slander, slur, take down a peg, talk ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: beneficial association, beneficial enjoy-
down, tear down, underrate, undervalue, vilify, vilipend ment, beneficial estate, beneficial gift, beneficial interest,
beneficial owner, beneficial power, beneficial purposes, ben-
BELLIGERENCY, noun affray, aggression, aggressive- eficial use
ness, altercation, animosity, antagonism, assault, attack, bat-
tling, bellicosity, belligerance, clashing, combat, combative- BENEFICIARY, noun bènèficiare, donee, grantee, heir,
ness, conflict, contentiousness, contestation, controversy, heiress, inheritor, legatee, one who receives, payee, receiver,
disagreement, discord, disputation, dissension, disturbance, recipient, usufructuary
embroilment, encounter, enmity, feud, fighting, fracas, hostil- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: beneficiary of a trust, beneficiary under
ity, impugnation, impugnment, inimicality, malevolence, a will, cestui que trust
martiality, melee, militancy, opposition, oppugnancy, oppug-
nation, pugnaciousness, pugnacity, resort to arms, revenge- BENEFIT (Betterment), noun accommodation, advan-
fulness, riot, rivalry, scuffle, siege, sparring, state of siege, tage, assistance, avail, behoof, benefaction, comfort, conve-
state of war, strife, time of war, tumult, tussle, unpeacefulness, nience, enjoyment, expediency, gain, good, gratification,
violence, warfare, warlikeness, wartime, wrangle improvement, interest, pleasure, profit, promotion, relief,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: adverse possession, belligerency de return, satisfaction, solace, success, succor, usufruct, utility,
facto, international law, national defense utilization, welfare, well-being, worth
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: beneficial use, benefit of clergy, benefit
BELOW, adverb after, beneath, downward, following, of counsel, benefit of creditors, benefit of estate, benefit of
lower, subsequent, under, underneath the bargain, benefit of third person
FOREIGN PHRASES: In favorabilibus magis attenditur quod
BENCH, noun bar, bar of justice, board, cabinet, chamber, prodest quam quod nocet. In things favored, what is ben-
circuit, council, court, court of justice, court of law, forum, eficial is more regarded than what is harmful. Privatum in-
forum of justice, judge, judgment seat, judicatory, judicature, commodum publico bono pensatur. Private inconvenience
judicial assembly, judicial forum, judicial tribunal, judiciary, is compensated for by public benefit.

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BENEFIT (Conferment), noun aid, award, benefaction, make legacies, pass on to, pass over to, provide, put in pos-
beneficience, benevolence, bequest, bestowal, bonus, boon, session, remit, render, transfer ownership, vest in, will to
charity, compensation, contribution, courtesy, devise, dis- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bequest
pensation, donation, endowment, favor, gift, good turn, FOREIGN PHRASES: Da tua dum tua sunt, post mortem tunc
gratuity, kindness, largess, legacy, liberality, oblation, offer- tua non sunt. Give that which is yours while it is yours; after
ing, offertory, philanthropy, present, presentation, remit- death it is not yours.
tance, reward, subsidy, subvention
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: benefit certificate BEQUEST, noun bequeathal, birthright, demise, devisal,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Invito beneficium non datur. A benefit is devise, endowment, entail, gift, heirdom, heirloom, heredit-
not conferred upon a person against his will. Privilegium ament, heritable, heritage, inheritance, legacy, legatum,
est beneficium personale, et extinguitur cum persona. patrimony, testamentary disposition, testamentary gift
A privilege is a personal benefit, and is extinguished with ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bequest by implication, bequest for life,
the death of the person. Omnes licentiam habere his quae bequest in trust, devise, gift, inheritance
pro se indulta sunt, renunciare. All are free to renounce FOREIGN PHRASES: Nemo plus commodi haeredi suo relinquit
those privileges which have been allowed for their benefit. quam ipse habuit. No one leaves a greater advantage for
his heir than he himself had.
BENEVOLENCE (Act of kindness), noun assistance, bene-
faction, beneficence, benevolentia, boon, charitable effort, BERATE, verb abuse, admonish, assail, attack, belittle,
charity, favor, good deed, good treatment, good turn, help- blame, cast aspersions, castigate, censure, chastise, con-
fulness, kind office, kind treatment, philanthropy, relief, demn, crucify, denigrate, disparate, flay, hammer, ha-
service, succor, support rangue, knock, lace into, lambaste, mock, rail, rake over the
coals, rant, rebuke, remonstrate, reprimand, reproach, re-
BENEVOLENCE (Disposition to do good), noun affection, prove, revile, ridicule, scorn, scourge, tongue-lash, under-
agreeableness, altruism, amiability, amicableness, benefi- mine, upbraid, vituperate
cence, benignancy, bountifulness, brotherliness, charitable-
ness, charity, clemency, compassion, consideration, cordial- BESEECH, verb appeal to, ask for, bid, call for, clamor
ity, courtesy, forbearance, friendliness, friendship, for, demand, desire, enjoin, entreat, exact, implore, impor-
generosity, good disposition, good intention, good nature, tune, insist, invoke, petition, plead, pray, press, pressure,
good will, goodness, goodness and mercy, graciousness, prevail, prevail upon, propose, request, require, requisi-
helpfulness, humaneness, humanism, humanity, indulgence, tion, solicit, supplicate, urge, wish for
kindheartedness, kindliness, kindness, liberality, mercy, mu-
nificence, obligingness, philanthropy, placability, BESMIRCH, verb adulterate, befoul, begrime, belittle,
Samaritanism, softheartedness, solicitousness, solicitude, bemire, berate, blacken, blot, calumniate, contaminate,
tenderness, thoughtfulness, tolerance, understanding, un- corrupt, debase, decry, defame, degrade, denigrate, dese-
selfishness, warmheartedness crate, discolor, discredit, disdain, disgrace, dishonor, dis-
parage, foul, hurt, libel, maculate, mire, pollute, profane,
BENEVOLENT, adjective accommodating, affable, agree- revile, slander, smear, soil, stain, sully, taint, tarnish, under-
able, altruistic, amiable, amicable, bearing good will, benefi- mine, violate
cient, benevolus, benign, big-hearted, bounteous, bountiful, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: defamation, libel, slander
charitable, complacent, condolent, considerate, cooperative,
cordial, decent, disposed to good, doing good, eleemosy- BESPEAK, verb argue, attest, call, connote, convey, de-
nary, empathetic, freehanded, friendly, full of good will, gen- note, express, imply, import, indicate, mean, purport, sig-
erous, genial, good-humored, good natured, gracious, help- nify, speak of, suggest, tell of, testify
ful, hospitable, humane, humanitarian, indulgent, kind,
kindhearted, kindly, kindly disposed, liberal, magnanimous, BEST, adjective above the average, beyond compare,
merciful, munificent, neighborly, obliging, openhanded, phil- brought to perfection, chief, choice, crowning, distin-
anthropic, softhearted, solicitous, supportive, sweet-tem- guished, exceptional, exemplary, extraordinary, faultless,
pered, sympathizing, tender, thoughtful, tolerant, understand- favorite, first-class, first-rate, flawless, foremost, greater,
ing, ungrudging, unselfish, unsparing, unstinting, warm, highest, impeccable, incomparable, inimitable, matchless,
warmhearted, well-intentioned, well-meaning, well-meant maximum, most desirable, most excellent, optimal, optimus,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: benevolent and charitable organiza- outstanding, paramount, peerless, perfect, preeminent,
tion, benevolent and charitable purposes, benevolent asso- quintessential, record-breaking, sans pareil, second to none,
ciation, benevolent corporation, benevolent institution, be- select, superfine, superior, superlative, supernormal, su-
nevolent use, charitable corporation preme, surpassing, top-level, top-notch, topmost, transcen-
dent, unapproached, unequaled, unparalleled, unrivaled,
BENIGN, adjective anodyne, beneficent, benignant, fa- uppermost, without comparison
vorable, gentle, harmless, healthful, healthy, innocent, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: best ability, best and highest use, best
innocuous, inoffensive, mild, nonabrasive, noncorrosive, non- bid, best efforts, best energies, best evidence, best interests,
threatening, nontoxic, painless, placid, propitious, safe, salu- best interests of a child, best interests of the public, best
brious, salutary, soft, sound, trustworthy, unobjectionable judgment, best quality, best skill and discretion or judgment,
best testimony
BEQUEATH, verb administer to, afford, allow, assign
dower, bestow upon, cede, change hands, contribute, de- BEST EVIDENCE RULE, noun evidentiary procedure,
liver to, demise, devise, devolve upon, dispense, dispose evidentiary rule, exclusion of secondary evidence, original
of, distribute, donate, endow with, enfeoff, furnish, give, document requirement, original documentation rule, pro-
give away at death, give by will, grant, hand down, hand cedural rule requiring original documentation, prohibition
on, hand over to, interchange, invest, leave, leave a legacy, against facsimile production
leave by will, leave to, make a bequest, make a present of, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: Federal Rules of Evidence

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 BESTIALITY

BESTIALITY, noun animalism, barbarity, barbarousness, colossal, commodious, copious, correct, cure, eclipse, en-
beastliness, bloodthirstiness, brutality, brutishness, cruelty, hance, enrich, exceed, excel, excessive, exorbitant, fine-
ferociousness, ferocity, fiendishness, fierceness, grossness, tune, fortify, forward, further, gain strength, gigantic, great,
inhumanity, monstrousness, savagery, unnaturalness, vi- grow, hefty, help, huge, immense, improve, increase,
ciousness mammoth, massive, meliorate, mend, monstrous, outclass,
outdo, outshine, oversize, perfect, polish, promote, propel,
BESTOW, verb accord, accredit, address, administer, raise, rectify, refine, reform, remediate, remedy, retouch,
afford, allot, allow, appoint, apportion, attribuere, autho- revamp, roomy, sizable, spacious, staggering, strengthen,
rize, award, be favorable to, be prodigal, bequeath, cater, substantial, surpass, top, transcend, tremendous, trump,
cede, charter, commission, communicate, conferre, con- update, upgrade, vast, voluminous
cede, confer, confer a privilege, confer distinction, consent,
contribute, convey, deal, deign, deliver, dignify, dispense, BETTERMENT, noun accommodation, adjustment, ad-
dispose of, distribute, dole, donate, empower, endow, en- vance, advancement, alteration, amelioration, amendment,
franchise, enrich, entitle, equip, extend, facilitate, facultate, bettering, breakthrough, change, change for the better,
favor with, finance, foster, fund, furnish, give, give a present, changeover, constructive change, deviation, difference, di-
give approval, give assent, give away, give back, give vergence, enhancement, enrichment, improvement, in-
clearance, give consent, give dispensation, give freely, give crease, lift, melioration, modification, progress, progression,
leave, give one’s hand to, give out, give out in shares, progressive change, redesign, reform, reformation, reshap-
give permission, give power, give up, grant, grant a boon, ing, restoration, restructuring, transition, tweaking, upgrade
grant a request, grant permission, gratify, hand out, hand ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: financial betterment, improvement in
over, heap upon, help to, honor with, impart, impertire, real estate value
indulge, install, invest, issue, largiri, lavish, lend, let, license, FOREIGN PHRASES: Nul ne doit s’enrichir aux despens des au-
maintain, make a benefaction, make a loan, make a present tres. No man should enrich himself at the expense of others.
of, make provision for, mete, minister to, oblige, ordain,
part with, pay tribute, permit, philanthropize, present, BETTOR, noun better, gambler, gamester, gentleman of
proffer, promise, provide, provision, ratify, recognize, rec- fortune, hazarder, piker, player, player for stakes, plunger,
ommend, reflect honor upon, release, relinguish, remit, punter, risk-taker, sharper, speculatist, speculator, venturer,
render, replenish, restore, sanction, serve, show favor, wagerer
shower upon, spare, spend, sponsor, submit, supply, ten-
der, transmit, vest, vouchsafe, yield BEWARE, verb be careful, be cautious, be chary, be
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bestow a present upon, gifts circumspect, be forewarned, be guarded, be on one’s
guard, be on the alert, be on the lookout, be on the watch,
BET, verb adventure, ante, ante up, cast lots, chance, be prepared, be prewarned, be prudent, be warned, be
chance the odds, draw, draw lots, encounter the risk, flip a wary, have a care, keep out of harm’s way, look about one,
coin, gamble, game, hazard, incur the risk, lay a wager, lay look out, mind, receive notice, stop look and listen, take
even money, lay money down, lay odds, leave to chance, care, take heed, take precautions, take warning, think twice,
parlay, play, play a long shot, play for, punt, put money watch out
down, raffle, rely on fortune, risk, run the risk, speculate,
sport, stake, stand the hazard, take a chance, take the BEYOND A REASONABLE DOUBT, adjective finding
chances of, toss up, trust to chance, try one’s fortune, try of guilt, no reasonable doubt remains, standard for a deter-
one’s luck, venture, wager mination of guilt, standard for a verdict, standard for guilt,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: betting on horse races, betting on standard to convict, standard to determine criminality, suf-
numbers, bettor, gambling, lottery ficient evidence to convict

BETRAY (Disclose), verb acknowledge, admit, air, aperire, BIAS, noun bigotry, disinclination, disposition, favorit-
avow, bare, bear witness against, bring into the open, bring ism, foregone conclusion, inclinatio, inclination, intolerance,
to light, come clean, confess, declare, divulge, double-cross, jaundice, partiality, partisanism, partisanship, penchant, pre-
expose, give away, give utterance to, impart, inform, inform apprehension, preconceived idea, preconception, predeter-
against, inform on, lay bare, let slip, make a clean breast, mination, predilection, predisposition, preference, prejudg-
make known, make public, own up, report, reveal, sell out, ment, prejudication, prejudice, prenotion, proclivity,
show, tattle, tell, tell on, turn informer, uncover, unearth, un- proneness, propensio animi, propensity, susceptibility, ten-
fold, unmask, violate a confidence dency, trend, undetachment, undispassionateness
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: confidences, privileges, professional ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: actual bias, bias of mind
secrets, trade secrets, trusts, wrongful disclosure
BICAMERAL, adjective bifurcated, bipartite, bisected,
BETRAY (Lead astray), verb abandon, abase, bamboozle, divided, dual chambered, multipartite, separated
be dishonest, be false to, befool, beguile, bluff, break faith
with, break one’s promise, cheat, circumvent, corrupt, BICKER, verb agitate, altercate, argue, argue to no pur-
cozen, debauch, deceive, deceive by treachery, decoy, de- pose, bandy words, battle, be at loggerheads, be at variance,
file, defraud, deliver up, delude, dupe, enmesh, ensnare, be discordant, brabble, brangle, brawl, cavil, clash, conflict,
entice, entrap, fleece, forswear, fraud, gammon, give over to contend, contest, controvert, differ, disaccord, disagree,
the foe, give up treacherously, hoax, hoodwink, inveigle, let dispute, dissent, disunite, embroil, entangle, equivocate, fall
down, lure, misinform, mislead, outwit, overreach, play foul of, fall out, fence, fight, have an altercation, have it out,
false, prostitute, put on, put something over on, ruin, se- have words, jar, join issue, nag, parry, pick a quarrel, pull
duce, sell out, swindle, take in, trick, undo, victimize, violate different ways, quarrel, scrap, spar, spat, split hairs, squab-
ble, take sides, tiff, tilt, wrangle
BETTER, verb abundant, advance, ameliorate, amend, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bicker over the terms of an agreement,
ample, astronomical, beat, best, capacious, cavernous, bicker over trivial provisions in a contract

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 BINDER

BID, noun advance, approach, estimate, licitatio, offer, ensnare, entangle, evade, exploit, foist upon, fool, fraud, hoax,
offered price, overture, presentation, price, proffer, proposal, hoodwink, humbug, inveigle, levant, misapply, misappropri-
proposition, quotation, quoted price, submission, tender ate, misinform, mulct, peculate, purloin, put something across,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: auction sale, bid bond, bid in, bid off, put something over, shuffle, swindle, take advantage of, take
bidder, biddings, by-bidding, competitive bidding, proposal, in, trick, use for one’s own needs, utilize for profit, victimize
upset bid, with reserve, without reserve
BILL (Formal declaration), noun allegation of facts, claim,
BID-RIGGING, noun conspiracy to fix a bid, contrived contractual obligation, customs documents, formal petition,
bidding, criminal act regarding a bid, criminal contrivance in indictment, itemized specification, legislative declaration,
a bid, fixing a bid, fraudulence in a bid, illegal accommoda- petition, promissory obligation, specification of details, state-
tion in a bid, illegal act regarding a bid, illegal action regard- ment of facts, written certificate, written complaint
ing a bid, illegal agreement regarding a bid, illegal arrange- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bill for discovery, bill for fraud, bill for
ment in a bid, illegal contrivances in a bid, illegal consortium, new trial, bill in equity, bill in nature of interpleader, bill of
illegal efforts to fix a bid, illegal maneuvering in a bid, illegal attainder, bill of entry, bill of exceptions, bill of health, bill of
means to fix a bid, illegal measures to fix a bid, trumped-up indictment, bill of instructions, bill of interpleader, bill of par-
provisions in a bid ticulars, bill of review, Bill of Rights, bill to quiet title, no true
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: competitive bidding, procurement policies bill, true bill

BIFURCATE, verb bisect, branch, branch off, branch out, BILL (Invoice), noun account, accounts payable, amount
cleave, cut in two, dichotomize, dimidiate, divaricate, di- due, audit, balance due, charges, check, cost, deferred pay-
verge, divide into two, fork, form a fork, furcate, halve, part, ment, demand for payment, expenditures, expenses, figure,
partition, ramify, separate, split, sunder itemized account, list, manifest, postponed payment, reck-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bifurcated trial oning, record, report, request for payment, score, statement,
statement of indebtedness, syngrapha, tally
BIFURCATED TRIAL, noun bisection of a case, segmen- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bank bill, bill book, bill for account, bill
tation in a case, segregation in a case, separate liability and of costs, bill of credit, bill of exchange, bill of lading, bill of
damage phases, separate quilt and insanity defense phases, sale, bill payable, bill receivable, bond, creditor’s bill
separation in a case, severance in a case, split in a case, split
trial, two or more hearings held, two-part trial BILL (Proposed act), noun draft, legislation, measure,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: punitive damages projected law, proposal, proposed enactment, proposed
law, proposed regulation, proposed rule, proposed statute,
BIG (Important), adjective all-important, central, con- protocol, resolution, rogatio
sequential, considerable, critical, crucial, distinctive, earth- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: act of legislature, law, omnibus bill,
shaking, earth-shattering, essential, eventful, exceptional, private bill, revenue bill
forceful, grand, grave, high-powered, historic, impressive,
meaningful, momentous, monumental, notable, notewor- BILL OF ATTAINDER, noun act of attainder, action
thy, outstanding, remarkable, robust, serious, significant, prohibited under Article I Section 9 of the U.S. Constitution,
substantial, superior, weighty, worthwhile, worthy improper legislation declaring guilt and punishment with-
out a trial, legislative act declaring criminal guilt and pun-
BIG (Influential), adjective acknowledged, celebrated, ishment without trial, writ of attainder
distinguished, eminent, great, held in awe, high-level, hon-
ored, illustrious, preeminent, prestigious, prominent, rec- BILL OF PARTICULARS, noun definite statement, detailed
ognized, renowned, respected, revered, top statement of a charge, detailed statement of a claim, formal
statement of details of a claim, formal statement of charges,
BIG (Large), noun colossal, exceptionally bid, excep- itemized statement, precise specifics of a charge, precise spe-
tionally large, hefty, huge, humongous, husky, mammoth, cifics of a claim, specifics of a charge, specifics of a claim, writ-
massive, oversized, thick, tremendous ten statement of a charge, written statement of a claim
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: demand for a bill of particulars
BIGAMY, noun unlawful marriage, illegal marriage, multi-
ple illegal marriages, multiple spouses, marrying multiple BIND (Obligate), verb adstringere, burden, charge, com-
partners, marrying multiple wives, marrying multiple husbands pel, confirm, conscript, constrain, drive, encumber, exact,
force, impose, indent, indenture, obligare, oblige, pledge,
BIGOT, noun diehard, doctrinaire, dogmatic theorist, promise, require, sanction, set a task, warrant
dogmatist, dogmatizer, energumen, extremist, fanatic, illib- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bind a deal, binding authority, binding
eral, infatuate, intolerant, ipse dixit, know-all, know-it-all, instruction, binding receipt, binding transaction
monomaniac, opinionated person, opinionist, persecutor, FOREIGN PHRASES: Nuda ratio et nuda pactio non ligant
ranter, redneck, rigorist, stickler, stubborn person, zealot aliquem debitorem. Naked intention and naked promise do
not bind any debtor. Quodque dissolvitur eodem modo
BILATERAL, adjective bifacial, dual, two-sided quo ligatur. A thing is unbound in the same manner that it
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bilateral contract, bilateral option, bilat- is made binding.
eral record
BIND (Restrain), verb block, check, compel, confine,
BILIOUS, adjective bileful, choleric, dyspeptic, jaun- constrain, encumber, fetter, fix, hamper, hinder, immobilize,
diced, spiteful, spleenful impede, inhibit, limit, repress, secure, shut in
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bind over
BILK, verb appropriate fraudulently, bait, bamboozle, be-
fool, beguile, betray, bluff, cheat, chisel, circumvent, cozen, BINDER, noun assurance, caution money, collateral, col-
cully, deceive, defraud, delude, dupe, elude, embezzle, lateral security, deposit, earnest, escrow, expense outlay,

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 BINDING

gage, guaranty, handsel, indemnity, installment, investment, BITTER (Penetrating), adjective acrimonious, afflictive,
payment, pledge, receipt, receipt for payment, recogni- astringent, austere, bilious, biting, brutal, burning, choleric,
zance, security, stake, token, token payment constringent, corrosive, cutting, double-edged, dyspeptic,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: binder receipt, insurance binder, real harsh, incisive, keen, mordant, nasty, piercing, poignant,
estate binder pricking, scathing, scorching, severe, smarting, sore, stabbing,
stern, stinging, trenchant, venomous, virulent, withering
BINDING, adjective coercive, compelling, compulsory,
confining, constraining, de rigueur, final, hampering, hinder- BITTER (Reproachful), adjective acrimonious, antipa-
ing, imperative, incumbent, inhibiting, limiting, mandatory, thetic, biting, caustic, cross, despiteful, embittered, enven-
necessary, obligatory, obliging, required, requisite, restrictive omed, hostile, hurtful, indignant, piqued, provoked, rancor-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: binding agreement, binding instruction, ous, resentful, sarcastic, sardonic, scornful, sorrowful,
binding offer, binding over, binding receipt, binding sale sour-tempered, spiteful, splenetic, unamiable, unhappy,
venomous, vexed, vitriolic
BIOETHICS, noun ethical study of drug research, ethical
study of genetic engineering, ideals of genetic engineering BIZARRE, adjective aberrant, absurd, anomalistic, atyp-
and drug research, moral study of drug research, moral ical, comical, curious, deviant, divergent, eccentric, ex-
study of genetic engineering, morality for genetic engineer- traordinary, fanciful, farcical, foolish, implausible, inconceiv-
ing, probity for drug research, proper conduct in genetic able, laughable, ludicrous, nonsensical, odd, offbeat,
engineering and drug research, proper moral behavior on outlandish, outrageous, peculiar, preposterous, ridiculous,
genetic engineering, proper moral judgment on drug re- strange, surreal, unbelievable, uncanny, uncommon, unex-
search, proper moral philosophy on genetic engineering, pected, unique, unnatural, unorthodox, unreal, unthink-
proper moral principles for drug research, rectitude for ge- able, unusual, wacky, weird, wild
netic engineering, study of ethics in biomedical advances,
system of morals for genetic engineering, the ethics of bio- BLACKMAIL, noun exaction, extortion, hush money, il-
logical medicine, the ethics of biological science legal compulsion, oppressive exaction, protection, ransom,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: cloning shakedown, taking by undue exercise of power

BIPARTITE, adjective apart, being in two corresponding BLAME (Culpability), noun accusal, accusation, blame-
parts, bicameral, bifurcated, bifurcous, bisected, detached, worthiness, castigation, censurability, censurableness, cen-
dichotomous, disconnected, disengaged, disjoined, dis- sure, chargeability, condemnation, crimination, criticism,
jointed, disjunct, disunited, divaricate, divided, furcate, furcu- culpa, culpableness, damnation, decrial, delation, delin-
lar, halved, in two, partitioned, separate, separated, severed, quency, denouncement, denunciation, dereliction, deviation
subdivided from rectitude, disapproval, disparagement, dispraise, exco-
riation, expostulation, exprobation, fault, guilt, guiltiness,
BIRTH (Beginning), noun animation, arrival, commence- incrimination, inculpation, malfeasance, misconduct, neglect,
ment, creation, debut, embarkation, establishment, exor- objurgation, obloquy, opprobrium, peccability, rebuke, re-
dium, genesis, inauguration, inception, incipience, incipi- monstrance, reprehensio, reprehension, reproach, reproba-
ency, incunabula, infancy, introduction, nascency, onset, tion, reproof, vituperatio, wrong
origin, origination, ortus, vitalization ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: culpable negligence, mens rea
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: ante natus FOREIGN PHRASES: Culpa caret qui scit sed prohibere
non potest. One is clear of blame who knows but cannot
BIRTH (Emergence of young), noun arrival, childbirth, prevent.
delivery, nativity, parturition, vivification
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: birth certificate, birth control, issue, BLAME (Responsibility), noun accountability, ascription,
pretermission assignation, assignment, attribution, charge, implication,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Non nasci, et natum mori, paria sunt. imputation, liability
Not to be born, and to be born dead, are the same. ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: allocation of blame, blameworthy,
culpability, placing the blame
BIRTH (Lineage), noun ancestry, bloodline, derivation,
descent, extraction, heredity, heritage, inheritance, line, line BLAME, verb abhor, accuse, administer a rebuke, admon-
of descent, parentage, provenance, succession ish, anathematize, animadvert, arraign, ascribe to, assign to,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: birth certificate, legitimacy attribute to, berate, call to account, carp, cast a slur on, casti-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Qui in utero est pro jam nato habetur, gate, cavil, censure, charge, chastise, chide, cite, complain
quoties de ejus commodo quaeritur. He who is in the against, condemn, criminate, criticize, culpare, denounce,
womb is regarded as already born, whenever a question deplore, deprecate, depreciate, detract, disapprove,
arises for his benefit. discommend, discountenance, disparage, dispraise, exe-
crate, expostulate, fault, find fault, hold no brief for, hold
BIRTHRIGHT, noun absolute right, ancestry, droit, due, responsible, hold up to reprobation, impeach, implicate,
entitlement, heritage, heritance, indefeasible right, inheri- impugn, impute to, incriminate, inculpate, indict, lodge a
tance, inherited rights, interest, legal right, one’s due, patri- complaint, objurgate, rebuke, recriminate, remonstrate,
monium, patrimony, prerogative, primogeniture, privilege, reprehend, reprehendere, reprimand, reproach, reprobate,
right, rights and privileges, vested interest, vested right reprove, revile, show disapproval, upbraid, vilipend, vitu-
perare
BITTER (Acrid tasting), adjective absinthal, absinthian,
acerbate, acerbic, acerbus, acid, acidulous, acidus, acrid, BLAMEFUL, adjective abject, accusable, at fault, blam-
asper, biting, caustic, cutting, disagreeable, distasteful, pun- able, blameworthy, censorious, censurable, censured,
gent, sharp, sour, soured, sourish, tart, unappetizing, unpal- chargeable, compunctious, condemnable, condemned, con-
atable, unpleasant, unsavory, unsweet, vinegarish temptible, contemptuous, corrupt, criminal, criminous,

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 BLIND

criticized, culpable, damnatory, decried, delinquent, deplor- expletive, heresy, iconoclasm, impiety, impious utterance,
able, deplored, despicable, disapproved, discommendable, impiousness, imprecation of evil, irreverence, irreverent be-
discreditable, discredited, dishonorable, disowned, dis- havior, lack of piety, lack of reverence, malediction, profana-
praised, disreputable, disreputed, errant, exceptionable, ex- tion, profane oath, profaneness, revilement of religion, sacri-
ecrable, faulty, flagitous, found guilty, found wanting, guilty, lege, sacrilegiousness, sanctimoniousness, solemn mockery,
heinous, held in contempt, ignominious, illaudable, immeri- swearing, unholiness, unorthodoxy, unsacredness
torious, impeachable, imputable, in the wrong, indefensible, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: freedom of religion, libel and slander
indictable, inexcusable, iniquitous, insalubrious, liable, liable FOREIGN PHRASES: Nec veniam, l’aeso numine, casus habet.
to prosecution, nefarious, neglectful, negligent, objection- Where the divinity is insulted, the case cannot be pardoned.
able, objurgatory, open to criticism, opprobrious, out of
favor, peccable, peccant, reprehensible, reprimanded, re- BLATANT (Conspicuous), adjective apparent, celebrated,
proachable, reproachful, reprobate, reprobative, reprovable, clear, discernible, exposed, famous, manifest, noticeable, no-
responsible, unacceptable, uncommendable, unjustifiable, torious, observable, obvious, outstanding, overt, patent, per-
unpardonable, unpraiseworthy, unworthy, venal, vile, with- ceivable, plain, prominent, public, sensational, well-known
out defense, without excuse, wrongful
BLATANT (Obtrusive), adjective bellowing, boisterous,
BLAMELESS, adjective above reproach, above suspicion, braying, clamorous, coarse, common, crass, crude, crying,
absolved, acquitted, clean, clear, condonable, entirely defen- flaring, flaunting, gaudy, glaring, gross, harsh, ill-behaved,
sible, exculpable, exculpated, exonerated, faultless, free ill-bred, ill-mannered, improper, indecorous, indelicate,
from guilt, free from wrong, guilt-free, guiltless, immaculate, loud, noisy, obstreperous, offensive, offensively assertive,
impeccable, incensurable, incorrupt, inculpable, innocent, offensively obtrusive, raffish, ribald, rough, rowdy, rude,
innocuous, inoffensive, irreprehensible, irreproachable, irre- screaming, scurrilous, tawdry, ululant, uncivil, uncouth, un-
provable, moral, not guilty, not liable, not tainted, offense- cultured, undignified, ungenteel, ungentlemanly, ungra-
less, perfect, pure, reprieved, rightful, sinless, stainless, cious, unladylike, unpolished, unpresentable, unrefined, un-
taintless, unblamable, unblameworthy, unblemished, uncen- seemly, vociferous, vulgar, vulgarian
surable, uncondemned, uncorrupt, uncorrupted, unculpable,
undefiled, unfallen, unguilty, unimpeachable, uniniquitous, BLEAK (Exposed and barren), adjective bare, barren,
unobjectionable, unoffending, unreproachable, unre- blank, cold, deserted, desolate, exposed, unpopulated, un-
proached, unreproved, unsoiled, unspotted, unsullied, un- sheltered, waste
tainted, upright, vindicated, virtuous, without blame, with-
out fault, without reproach BLEAK (Not favorable), adjective dark, depressing, disheart-
ening, dismal, distressing, forbidding, gloomy, grave, grim, in-
BLAMEWORTHY, adjective abject, accusable, answer- auspicious, joyless, ominous, somber, sombrous, unfavorable
able, arrant, at fault, beneath contempt, blamable, blameful,
censurable, chargeable, condemnable, condemnatory, con- BLEAK (Severely simple), adjective austere, cheerless,
demned, contemned, contemptible, contemptuous, contu- cold, comfortless, depressing, dismal, dour, drear, dreary,
melious, convicted, corrupt, criminal, criminous, criticized, dull, gloomy, grim, joyless, somber, sombrous, uninviting
culpable, damnatory, delinquent, deplorable, depraved, de-
spicable, devious, discreditable, discredited, disdainful, dis- BLEMISH, verb abase, attack, begrime, belittle, be-
honorable, disreputable, disrespectable, errant, erring, exe- smear, besmirch, blacken, blot, cheapen, cloud, compro-
crable, flagitious, flagrant, flagrante delicto, found guilty, mise, debase, debauch, deface, defame, denigrate, dimin-
guilty, ignominious, illaudable, impeachable, in fault, in the ish, discolor, disfigure, disgrace, dishonor, flaw, foul, impair,
wrong, indefensible, indictable, infernal, inglorious, iniqui- injure, mar, poison, pollute, shame, smear, soil, spoil, stain,
tous, injurious, insalubrious, irremediable, justiciable, liable, stigmatize, sully, taint, tar, tarnish
liable to prosecution, nefarious, negligent, not honorable,
not respectable, not to be recommended, objectionable, BLEMISHED, adjective besmirched, blistered, bruised,
obnoxious, odious, of no repute, open to criticism, opprobri- chipped, damaged, defaced, defective, deformed, dented,
ous, peccable, peccant, questionable, reprehensible, repri- deteriorated, discolored, discredited, disfigured, disgraced,
manded, reproachable, reprobate, reprobative, reprovable, dishonored, faded, faulty, flawed, imperfect, impure, in-
responsible, ribald, scandalous, sentenced, sinister, tainted, jured, malformed, marred, misshapen, pitted, pock-marked,
transgressing, uncommendable, unjustifiable, unpraisewor- soiled, spotted, stained, sullied, tainted, tarnished
thy, unrespected, unrighteous, unvirtuous, unworthy, venal,
without defense, woeful, wrong, wrongful BLIGHT, noun abnormality, blot, blotch, calamity, dam-
age, defacement, defect, deformity, destruction, disaster,
BLANK (Emptiness), noun absence, barrenness, cipher, disfigurement, distress, failing, fault, flaw, impairment, ir-
hiatus, hollowness, inexistence, insubstantiality, nil, non- regularity, malformation, mark, scar, spot, stain, taint,
esse, nonexistence, nonsubsistence, nonentity, nothing, weakness
nothingness, nullity, tabula rasa, unsubstantiality, vacancy, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: a blight contained in zoning laws
vacuousness, vacuum, vacuus, void, zero
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: blank acceptance, blank bond, blank BLIND (Concealed), adjective buried, camouflaged, cov-
check, blank endorsement, blank instrument, blank verdict, ered, covert, dim, disguised, hidden, imperceptible, incon-
endorsement in blank, signed in blank spicuous, indiscernible, latent, masked, obscure, out of view,
private, screened, secreted, shadowy, sheltered, shrouded,
BLANK (Form), noun data sheet, document, dossier, in- unapparent, undetected, unexposed, unknown, unobserved,
strument, legal document, paper, questionnaire unperceived, unrevealed, unseen, unsuspected

BLASPHEMY, noun apostasy, blasting, cursing, deroga- BLIND (Impassable), adjective barred, barricaded,
tion of religion, desecration, disrespect, epithet, execration, blanked, blockaded, blocked, closed, dead-end, leading

67
 BLIND

nowhere, obstructed, sealed, shut, shut-off, stopped-up, kinship, kinsman, kinsmen, kinswoman, line, lineage, na-
without exit tionality, next of kin, offspring, one’s people, parentage,
pedigree, propinquity, relations, sanguis, stock, strain, ties
BLIND (Not discerning), adjective benighted, careless, of family, tribe
deluded, headlong, heedless, inadvertent, inattentive, in- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: blood heirs, blood issue, blood relatives,
cognizant, inconsiderate, indifferent, indiscriminate, indis- full blood, half blood, mixed blood
criminating, insensible, insensitive, led astray, mindless, FOREIGN PHRASES: Consanguineus est quasi eodem san-
misled by deception, nescient, obtuse, oculis captus, rash, guine natus. A person related by consanguinity is, as it
thoughtless, unacquainted, unapprised, uncomprehending, were, one born from the same blood. Pueri sunt de
unconscious, unconversant, undiscerning, unenlightened, sanguine parentum, sed pater et mater non sunt de
uninformed, unknowing, unlucid, unmindful, unobservant, sanguine puerorum. Children are of the blood of their
unobserving, unperceiving, unreflecting, unseeing, un- parents, but the father and mother are not of the blood of
versed, without insight their children.
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: blind allegiance, blind amendments
BLOODLINE, noun affiliation, ancestry, birth, blood,
BLIND (Sightless), adjective caecus, deprived of sight, caste, derivation, descent, dynasty, extraction, family, family
dim-sighted, eyeless, feeble-eyed, groping, in darkness, tree, genealogy, heredity, history, line, line of ancestors,
unseeing, visionless, weak-eyed lineage, origin, parentage, pedigree, progeniture, root,
stem, stock, strain, succession
BLIND (Deprive of sight), verb blight one’s optical pow- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: pedigree
ers, destroy one’s perception, extinguish visual discernment,
make eyeless, make sightless, make unable to see, obstruct BLUE SKY LAW, noun canons regarding securities, pre-
one’s vision, render eyeless, render sightless, render vision- cepts on securities, securities law, securities oversight, secu-
less, ruin one’s eyesight, strike sightless, strike visionless rities rules, securities statutes

BLIND (Obscure), verb adumbrate, becloud, becurtain, BLUEPRINT, noun design, detailed plan, diagram, draft,
bedim, befog, bemask, benight, blanket, blear, blur, blur the ground plan, map, master plan, mechanical drawing, outline,
outline, camouflage, cloak, cloud, conceal, conceal from plan, scheme, sketch
sight, cover, cover up, curtain, dim, eclipse, ensconce, en-
shroud, envelop, hide, hide away, hide the identity of, hide BLUNDER, noun bungle, error, failure, fault, faux pas,
underground, keep clandestine, keep out of sight, make in- foul-up, gaffe, impropriety, inaccuracy, incongruity, indis-
conspicuous, make indiscernible, make unapparent, make cretion, lapse, miscalculation, miscue, misdeed, mishap,
unperceptible, muddle, obfuscate, occult, overcloud, put in misperception, misreading, misstep, mistake, misunder-
concealment, put out of sight, render dim, render invisible, standing, negligence, omission, oversight, slip-up, snafu,
render uncertain, screen, screen from observation, screen solecism, stumble, wrong judgment
from sight, seclude, secrete, shade, shadow, shield, shroud, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: professional malpractice
veil, veil the brightness
BLUNT, adjective abrupt, brusque, candid, curt, direct,
BLOCK, verb arrest, avert, ban, bar, barricade, blockade, forthright, frank, free-spoken, genuine, gruff, guileless,
bridle, check, choke, clog, close, cohibit, constrict, cramp, honest, open, openhearted, outspoken, outward, short,
curb, dam, debar, delay, encumber, estop, exclude, fend off, straightforward, to the point, truthful, unceremonious, un-
forbid, foreclose, frustrate, halt, hamper, hinder, hobble, im- colored, undiplomatic, unguarded, unreserved, up-front,
pede, intercept, interdict, interfere with, jam, leave out, vociferous
limit, obstruct, occlude, oppose, parry, plug up, preclude,
prevent, prohibit, proscribe, repulse, restrain, restrict, retard, BLUR, verb adumbrate, becloud, bedim, belie, block
shut off, shut up, snag, stall, stand in the way, stay, stem, cloud, complicate, confuse, daze, disarrange, disarray,
stop, stop up, thwart, trammel, wall up decompose, disguise, dishevel, disorder, fog, hide, jumble,
make hazy, make vague, mask, mix up, muddle, muddy,
BLOCKADE (Barrier), noun bar, barricade, block, block- obfuscate, obscure, perplex, screen, shade, shadow,
age, bottleneck, cordon, curb, impediment, obsessio, obsi- shroud, skew, veil
dio, obstacle, obstruction, stop, stumbling block
BLUSTER (Commotion), noun boisterousness, brawl,
BLOCKADE (Enclosure), noun circumjacence, circum- disturbance, embroilment, eruption, flare-up, fracas, frenzy,
scription, circumvallation, compass, containment, encinc- hubbub, maelstrom, melee, outbreak, outburst, pandemo-
ture, encirclement, enclosing, encompassment, envelop- nium, racket, rampage, riot, row, rumpus, scramble, storm,
ment, framing, girdling, sealing off, surrounding tempest, temptestuousness, tumult, tumultuousness, turbu-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: capture and prize, commercial blockade lence, turmoil, upheaval, uproar

BLOCKADE (Limitation), noun compression, confine- BLUSTER (Speech), noun boast, bragging, declamatio,
ment, contraction, debarring, exclusion, obturation, occlusion, ebullition, ranting, raving, swaggering, talking big
preclusion, restriction, shutdown, stoppage, strangulation
BOARD, noun bureau, cabinet, commission, conlegium,
BLOOD, noun affinity, agnation, ancestry, breed, consistory, consultative body, council, court, curia, depart-
brethren, brood, children, clan, cognation, common ances- ment, directorate, directorship, governing body, judicatory,
try, consanguinity, derivation, descent, ethnic group, ex- management, presidium, tribunal
traction, family connection, family relationship, family tie, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: advisory boards, board of aldermen,
family tree, filiation, genealogical tree, genealogy, gentility, board of arbitrators, board of directors, board of education,
genus, heredity, heritage, issue, kind, kindred, kinsfolk, board of elections, board of equalization, board of examiners,

68
 BOND

board of finance, board of health, board of medical examin- empty talk, enlargement, euphemism, exaggeration, expan-
ers, board of public works, board of review, board of special sion, flatulence, floridness, fustian, garnishing, grandilo-
inquiry, board of supervisors, board of trade, board of trust- quence, grandiosity, harangue, high coloring, high-sounding
ees, de facto boards, draft board, local board, maritime words, hyperbole, idle speeches, inanity, inflation, loftiness,
board, qualification board, revenue board, welfare board, magnification, magniloquence, oration, ornamentation, oro-
zoning board tundity, ostentation, overstatement, polysyllabic profundity,
pomposity, pompous prolixity, prate, preciosity, precious-
BODILY, adjective carnal, corporal, corporeal, corpore- ness, pretentiousness, rant, raving, rhetoric, rhetoricalness,
ous, corporeus, de facto, embodied, existent, existing, rodomontade, sesquipedalian words, sesquipedalism, ses-
human, incarnate, living, manifest, material, materiate, natu- quipedality, superlative, swelling utterance, swollen diction,
ral, organic, palpable, perceptible, physical, solid, somatic, tirade, tumidity, tumidness, turgescence, turgidity, vain-
somatical, tactile, tangible, visible glory, verbiage
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bodily condition, bodily contact, bodily
function, bodily harm, bodily heirs, bodily infirmity, bodily BOMBASTIC, adjective balderdash, baroque, declama-
injury, bodily issue, bodily pain or suffering tory, diffuse, extravagant, flashy, flowery, fustian, gaudy,
grandiloquent, grandiose, high-flown, histrionic, inflated,
BODY (Collection), noun aggregation, assemblage, magniloquent, orotund, ostentatious, overblown, pomp-
batch, colligation, community, company, compilation, ous, prolix, protuberant, rotund, sonorous, swollen, tumid,
congeries, conglomeration, entity, gathering, host, mass, turgid, vainglorious, verbose, wordy
multitude, plenum, polity, sodality, troupe, wholeness
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: body corporate, body politic, govern- BOMBSHELL, noun astonishment, bewilderment, blow,
mental body, reviewing body consternation, eye opener, inexpectation, jolt, nonexpecta-
tion, shock, startler, stupefaction, sudden attack, sudden
BODY (Main part), noun core, corpus, essential part, burst, surprisal, surprise, surprise package, thunderbolt,
exposition, figure, form, greater part, hub, main part, major thunderclap, unawaited event, unexpected event, the un-
part, principal part, shape, structure, substance foreseen
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: body of an instrument
BONA FIDE, adjective aboveboard, accurate, actual, as
BODY (Person), noun anatomy, cadaver, carcass, carrion, represented, candid, faithful, forthright, genuine, honest,
corporality, corporalness, corporeality, corpse, corpus, em- honorable, in good faith, ingenuous, intended, just, legiti-
bodiment, entity, human being, material existence, person- mate, meant, open, plain-speaking, principled, real, reliable,
age, physical being, physique rightful, scrupulous, straightforward, trustworthy, unaffected,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: body attachment, body execution, uncounterfeited, undisguised, undissembling, undistorted,
body heirs unexaggerated, unfaked, unfeigned, unperfidious, unper-
jured, unpretended, unpretentious, unreserved, unsimu-
BOGUS, adjective affected, artificial, counterfeit, false, lated, unspecious, unspurious, veracious, veridical
phony, sham, spurious, unauthentic, ungenuine, unreal, untrue ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bona fide assignment, bona fide belief,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bogus ceremony, bogus certificate, bona fide business purpose, bona fide claimant, bona fide
bogus check controversy, bona fide creditors, bona fide domicile, bona
fide holder, bona fide holder for value, bona fide holder in due
BOILER PLATE, adjective accepted, after the same pat- course, bona fide labor dispute, bona fide members, bona fide
tern, common, commonplace, consonant, conventional, operation, bona fide purchaser in good faith, bona fide sale,
customary, dictated, formulary, habitual, homogeneous, pat- bona fide seller
terned, prescribed, regulation, standardized, stereotyped,
stock, typical, undeviating, uniform, universal, unvaried, BOND, noun assurance, certificate of debt, certificate of
wonted indebtedness, chirographum, debenture, evidence of a debt,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: boiler plate clause, boiler plate language government paper, guarantee, guaranty, indenture, obliga-
tion, promise, promissory note, real security, security,
BOLD, adjective adventurous, audacious, blatant, bo- surety, syngrapha, voucher, warrant, warranty
dacious, brash, brazen, cocksure, daredevil, daring, daunt- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: back bond, bearer bond, bond discount,
less, dramatic, dynamic, emboldened, enterprising, fear- bond for costs, bond for deed, bond for title, bond holder,
less, foolhardy, forceful, forward, gallant, gutsy, heedless, bond issue, bond of matrimony, bond premium, bonded in-
impertinent, impudent, indignant, insolent, intrepid, lion- debtedness, bondsman, cash bond, construction bond, cou-
hearted, nervy, reckless, resolute, saucy, stalwart, swash- pon bond, defense bond, delivery bond, fidelity bond, gov-
buckling, unabashed, unblushing, valorous, venturesome ernmental bond, indemnity bond, interest-free bond,
municipal bond, ne exeat, serial bond, state bond, superse-
BOLSTER, verb aid, back, buoy up, lift, prop, shore up, deas bond, tax-exempt bond
shoulder, succor, support, sustain, underpin, uphold FOREIGN PHRASES: Eodem ligamine quo ligatum est dissol-
vitur. A bond is released by the same formalities by which it
BOMB, noun ammunition, armament, blockbuster, was made binding.
bombshell, charge, detonator, dynamite, explosive, explo-
sive device, fireball, grenade, gunpowder, hand grenade, BOND (Hold together), verb attach, blend, cement, co-
high explosive, infernal machine, instrument of warfare, agulate, coalesce, cohere, combine, conglutemate, connect,
mine, missile, Molotov cocktail, munitions, petard, shell, consolidate, couple, fix, fuse, glue, interlock, join, merge,
T.N.T., torpedo, weapon secure, stick, unite

BOMBAST, noun affectation, boastfulness, boasting, BOND (Secure a debt), verb agree, assure, certify, con-
braggery, chatter, declamation, diatribe, embellishment, firm, contract, covenant, endorse, ensure, give security,

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 BONDAGE

guarantee, hypothecate, indenture, insure, pledge, post, upgrowth, upsurge, upward curve, upward trend, weal,
promise, secure, stake, underwrite, warrant wealth, welfare, well-being

BONDAGE, noun abject slavery, arrest, bond of slavery, BOOTLEGGER, noun black marketeer, contrabandist,
bonds, captivity, chains, coarctation, compulsory service, gunrunner, illicit dealer, moonshiner, runner, smuggler
confinement, constraint, constraint by force, custodianship, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: prohibition, sale of intoxicating liquor
custody, detention, durance, enslavement, entombment,
fetters, forced confinement, forced labor, forcible restraint BORDER, noun ambit, borderland, boundary, bounds,
of liberty, guardianship, guarding, helotry, immuration, im- brim, brink, circumference, circumjacence, confine, contigu-
murement, impoundment, imprisonment, incarceration, ity, edge, edging, end, enframement, extremity, flange,
internment, involuntary servitude, loss of freedom, mana- frame, fringe, frontier, hem, ledge, limit, line of demarcation,
cles, penal restraint, penal servitude, prison, refusal of bail, marge, margin, outline, outpost, outside, outskirts, pale,
reins, remand, restraint, restriction, restriction on move- perimeter, periphery, purlieus, rim, selvedge, side, skirt,
ment, servitude, slavery, slavishness, subduing, subjection, terminal, termination, verge
subjugation, subordination, subservience, surveillance, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: border search
thralldom, yoke
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: involuntary servitude, kidnapping BORDER (Approach), verb abut upon, adjoin, align con-
vergently, approximate, be in the vicinity of, be near, close
BONUS, noun additive, benefit, boni, boon, bounty, on, come close, come to a point, concentrate, converge,
dividend, donation, extra, gift, gratuity, honorarium, incen- draw near, encroach, gravitate toward, join, juxtapose, juxta-
tive, perquisites, pourboire, premium, prime, reward, some- posit, lie near, meet, move toward, near, neighbor, place in
thing over and above, surplus, surplusage, tip juxtaposition, place near, place parallel, proximate, put along
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bonus stock side, skim, skirt, unite, verge, verge upon

BOOK, verb accuse, arrest, chronicle, docket, engage, BORDER (Bound), verb abut upon, adjoin, appose, at-
enter, enumerate, file, index, inscribe, insert, list, log, make tach, attingere, be adjacent to, be circumjacent to, be con-
an entry, mark down, note, order, post, prefer charges, re- terminous, be contiguous, be in conjunction with, be in
cord, register, report, schedule, seize legally, tabulate, take contact with, be juxtaposed, butt, cincture, circumpose,
into custody, write down circumvalate, circumvent, close in, confine, conjoin, con-
nect, contain, corral, cut off, define, delimit, delimitate, de-
BOOKKEEPING, verb accounting, balancing the books, lineate, demarcate, edge, embrace, encase, enchase, encir-
books, compilation of financial records, computation, finan- cle, enclose, enclose within bounds, encompass, ensphere,
cial records, fiscal records, preparation of financial records, envelop, environ, extend to, flank, frame, gird, hem in, im-
reckoning, recording, recordkeeping, records, simplifica- pinge, join, juxtapose, juxtaposit, lean against, lie contiguous
tion, summarization, synopsis to, lie next to, limit, mark off, meet end to end, meet with,
outline, place limitations, proscribe, restrain, restrict, shut in,
BOOM (Increase), noun acceleration, accretion, accrual, specify limits, stake out, surround
accruement, accumulation, additament, addition, additory,
advance, advancement, amplification, amplitude, annexa- BORN (Alive), adjective animated, begotten, breathing,
tion, appreciation, appurtenance, attachment, augment, enlivened, live, living, quick, vital, vitalized
augmentation, boost, broadening, burgeoning, comple-
ment, deepening, development, distension, doubling, du- BORN (Innate), adjective congenital, connate, connat-
plication, enhancement, enlargement, escalation, expansion, ural, fundamental, genetic, hereditary, immanent, in the
extension, gain, growth, heightening, hike, improvement, blood, inborn, inbred, incarnate, indigenous, ingrained,
increasement, increasing, increment, intensification, interest, inherited, instinctive, instinctual, intrinsic, inwrought, native,
magnification, production, progress, progression, prolifera- natural, organic
tion, prolongation, protraction, raise, reinforcement, repro-
duction, rise, spread, spreading, sprouting, strengthening, BORROW, verb accept the loan of, apply for a loan, ask
supplement, swell, swelling, upgrowth, upsurge for credit, get on credit, get temporary use of, mutuari, ob-
tain a mortgage, obtain the use of, take an advance, take on
BOOM (Prosperity), noun abundance, accomplishment, credit, take on loan
accumulation, achievement, acquisition, advance, advance- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: borrowed capital, borrowed employ-
ment, affluence, aggrandizement, amelioration, amplitude, ees, borrowed servant, borrowing statute
attainment, augmentation, auspiciousness, avails, benefac- FOREIGN PHRASES: In satisfactionibus non permittitur am-
tion, booming economy, bountifulness, burgeoning, capital plius fieri quam semel factum est. In settlements more
gains, copiousness, cornucopia, development, earnings, must not be received than was received once for all.
economic prosperity, escalation, excess, exorbitance, exor-
bitancy, expansion, expediency, favorable trade balance, BORROWING LIMIT, noun breaking point of debt,
flourishing condition, gain, good fortune, great quantity, debt ceiling, debt limit, greatest limit of debt, largest debt,
growth, impetus, improvement, increment, inflation, lucre, largest loan, maximum amount of debt, maximum debt,
mutual profit, opulence, opulency, outgrowth, outpouring, maximum funds to be loaned, maximum loan outer limit of
plentifulness, plentitude, prevalence, production, produc- debt, outer line of credit
tivity, profit, profit making, profluence, profluency, profuse- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bankruptcy, fraudulent debt, insol-
ness, profusion, progress, progression, progressiveness, vency, interrogation, solvency
proliferation, prosperous issue, prosperous outcome, pros-
perousness, recovery, remuneration, revenue, richness, ris- BOUND, adjective accountable, answerable, beholden,
ing prices, spiral inflation, superabundance, superfluity, sur- called by duty, chargeable, committed, compelled, con-
plus, thriving conditions, thriving economy, upgrading, strained, destined, engaged, forced, having no alternative,

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impelled, liable, necessitated, obligated, obliged, pledged, impugn, involve in shame, malign, pillory, put to shame,
pressed by duty, required, responsible, restrained, tied, reflect upon, slur, smear, smirch, smudge, soil, stain, sully,
under a vow, under compulsion, under necessity, under taint, tar, tarnish, throw dishonor upon, vilify, vilipend
obligation ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: libel, reputation, slander
FOREIGN PHRASES: Naturale est quidlibet dissolvi eo modo
quo ligatur. It is natural for a thing to be unbound in the BRANDISH, verb dangle before the eyes, display, draw
same way in which it was made binding. Nemo tenetur ad one’s sword, exhibit, flap, flaunt, flourish, gesture, rattle the
impossibile. No one is bound to do an impossibility. Quo saber, shake, show, swing, threaten, vibrare, wag, waggle,
ligatur, eo dissolvitur. By the same means by which a thing wave, wield
is bound, it is released. ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: harassment, menacing

BOUNDARY, noun border, borderline, bound, cir- BRAVE, adjective adventurous, audacious, bold, bold as
cumscription, compass, configuration, confine, confine- a lion, bold-spirited, chivalric, chivalrous, courageous, dar-
ment, contour, delimitation, delineation, division line, ing, dauntless, fearless, foolhardy, gallant, heroic, herolike,
edge, enclosure, extremity, finis, limit, limitation, limits, high-spirited, intrepid, knightly, lionhearted, rash, reckless,
line of circumvallation, line of demarcation, lineaments, soldierly, stalwart, stout, stouthearted, unafraid, unalarmed,
lines, outline, perimeter, periphery, radius, rim, terminus, undaunted, valiant, valorous, virile
verge
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: adjoining landowners, boundary BRAWL, noun altercation, brangle, breach of the peace,
line, boundary of a water course, boundary suit, metes broil, commotion, deafening row, din, dispute, disturbance,
and bounds, surveys and surveyors, trespass to try title, embranglement, embroilment, feud, fight, fisticuffs, fracas,
zoning fray, hubbub, imbroglio, jangle, jurgium, mèlée, noisiness,
outbreak, pandemonium, quarrel, racket, rampage, riot, rixa,
BOUNDS, noun borders, boundaries, confines, edge, row, rowdiness, ruction, scramble, scrimmage, scuffle,
environs, extent, extremes, farthest limits, frame, fringes, squabble, tumult, turmoil, uproar, wrangle
frontier, furthest limits, hem, horizon, limits, line of demar- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: disorderly conduct
cation, outer boundaries, outer limits, outline, parameters,
perimeter, periphery BRAWL, verb altercate, be noisy, bicker, brangle, break
the peace, broil, clamor, create a disturbance, create a riot,
BOUNTY, noun award, benefaction, benevolence, bo- dispute angrily, fight, have a row, have words with, jangle,
nanza, bonus, boon, cadeau, conferment, emolument, make a commotion, make a racket, make an uproar, quarrel
favor, gift, grant, gratification, gratuity, guerdon, hand sel, noisily, rampage, riot, rixari, row, run riot, scrap, scrimmage,
honorarium, largess, largitas, liberalitas, perquisite, pour- scuffle, set to, spat, squabble, tiff, wrangle
boire, premium, prize, reward, reward for service, tip, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: disorderly conduct
token, tribute
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bounty lands BRAZEN, adjective arrogant, assuming, audacious,
aweless, barefaced, blatant, bluff, bold, boldfaced, brash,
BOWDLERIZE, verb censor, curtail, cut, cut out, delete, conscienceless, daring, defiant, disrespectful, familiar, fla-
edit out, emasculate, eviscerate, excise, expunge, expur- grant, flaunting, flippant, forward, immodest, immoral, im-
gate, extirpate, remove pertinent, impudens, impudent, indecent, indecorous, inso-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: censorship, freedom of speech lent, malapert, obtrusive, of loose morals, outspoken, pert,
petulant, presumptuous, risqué, rude, saucy, shameless,
BOYCOTT, noun abstention from buying, abstention unabashed, unashamed, unblushing, unembarrassed, un-
from using, avoidance, ban, banning, black-listing, blackball- mannerly, unmodest, unreserved, unseemly
ing, debarring, embargo, exclusion, ostracism, proscription,
refusal to do business, rejection, shunning, strike, withhold- BREACH, noun break, contravention, default, delin-
ing of patronage quency, dereliction, discutere, disobedience, disregard,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: primary boycott, secondary boycott dissension, dissentience, encroachment, enmity, failure, il-
legal evasion, illicitness, impropriety, infidelity, infraction,
BRAND, noun badge, colophon, copyright label, dis- infringement, inobservance, neglection, nonadherence,
grace, earmark, emblem, hallmark, identification mark, iden- noncompletion, nonconformity, nonfulfilment, nonobser-
tification tag, impress, imprint, insignia, label, mark, nota, vance, nonperformance, omission, perfidy, perfringere, re-
owner’s mark, owner’s sign, piste, seal, sigil, sign, signet, jection, repudiation, retraction, shortcoming, tergiversa-
smirch, stain, stamp, sticker, stigma, stigmatism, tag, taint, tion, transgression, trespass, unconformity, undueness,
ticket, token, trade name, trademark, watermark unduteousness, undutifulness, unfaithfulness, unobservance,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: brand name violation, violation of law
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: anticipatory breach, breach of bond,
BRAND (Mark), verb autograph, blaze, distinguish by breach of contract, breach of covenant, breach of duty, breach
mark, earmark, emblaze, emboss, endorse, engrave, iden- of faith, breach of lease, breach of marriage promise, breach
tify, impress, imprint, inscribe, label, notam homini inurere, of promise, breach of the close, breach of the covenant of
notare, print, put a mark on, put an indication on, seal, sign, warranty, breach of the peace, breach of trust, breach of war-
stamp, tag ranty, constructive breach, continuing breach, material
breach, partial breach, total breach
BRAND (Stigmatize), verb asperse, attaint, besmear,
besmirch, bespatter, blacken, blot, bring into discredit, cast a BREAK (Fracture), verb burst, cave in, comminute, cut,
slur upon, cast aspersions at, corrupt, debase, decry, defame, destroy, fissure, fragment, hew, interpenetrate, interrum-
defile, deride, derogate, dirty, discredit, disgrace, dishonor, pere, penetrate, pierce, pulverize, puncture, rend, rupture,
disparage, excite disapprobation, hold up to shame, scatter, shatter, shiver, smash, splinter, stave in

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ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: breakage, breaking a close, breaking curtailed, cut short, elliptical, ephemeral, epigrammatic,
and entering, burglary, forcible entry and detainer epitomized, exact, fading, fleeting, hasty, hurried, laconic,
limited, meteoric, momentary, not protracted, passing,
BREAK (Separate), verb cleave, crack, detach, disband, pauciloquent, pithy, precise, quick, reduced, sententious,
disconnect, disengage, disentangle, disintegrate, disjoin, short, short-term, slight, small, sparing of words, speedy, suc-
dislocate, dismantle, dispart, disperse, dissociate, disunite, cinct, sudden, summarized, summary, swift, temporary, to the
divaricate, force apart, force open, get free, get loose, incise, point, transient, transitory, trenchant, unprolonged, volatile
lop, open, part, rive, sever, split, split off, subdivide, sunder, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: brief description, brief statement, brief
take apart, take to pieces, unbind, unchain, unclinch, un- summary
couple, unfetter, unknot, unloose, untie
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: break in occupancy, break in the chain BRIEF, noun abridgment, account, argument, capsule,
of events compendium, condensation, conspectus, depiction, descrip-
tion, digest, extract, legal abstract, legal document, legal
BREAK (Violate), verb abscind, be derelict, be guilty of epitome, legal memorandum, memorandum, memorandum
infraction, breach, defy, disobey, disregard, infringe, invade, of law, outline, outline on the law, profile, representation,
neglect, trample upon, transgress, trespass résumé, sketch, statement of the case, summary, summary
on the law, synopsis, thumbnail sketch, vignette
BREAK THE LAW, verb abuse, breach the law, commit ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: amicus curiae, appellate brief, brief of
a crime, defy, disobey, disregard the law, flaunt the law, evidence, points and authorities, reply brief, responsive brief
ignore the law, offend, transgress, violate, violate the law,
wilfully disregard the law BRIGHT (Intelligent), adjective acute, adept, adroit, ad-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: criminal law, penal law vanced, alert, apt, astucious, astute, aware, brilliant, clever,
cunning, discerning, educated, erudite, fast on the uptake,
BREAKDOWN (Delineation), noun account, analysis, genius, informed, ingenious, inventive, keen, knowledge-
anatomizing, assay, assessment, cataloging, categorization, able, learned, literate, precocious, prudent, quick, quick-
dissection, division, enumeration, evaluation, examination, witted, resourceful, sagacious, sage, sapient, savvy, schol-
inspection, inventory, itemization, reckoning, reduction, arly, sharp, shrewd, smart, well-read, wise
report, scrutiny, segmentation, separation, specification,
specifics, tabulation BRIGHT (Luminous), adjective airy, beaming, blazing,
brilliant, burnished, coruscant, coruscating, dazzling, ef-
BREAKDOWN (Deterioration), noun atrophy, break- fulgent, flashing, glaring, gleaming, glowing, illumined,
age, damage, debilitation, decadence, decay, declension, incandescent, irradiated, lighted, lightsome, lucent, lucid,
decomposition, degeneration, demolition, disintegration, luminous, lustrous, open, phosphorescent, polished, radi-
dissolution, enfeeblement, faltering, fermentation, putrefac- ant, shimmering, shining, sparkling, sunlit, twinkling,
tion, regression, ruin, ruination, spoilage, weakening, wear vivid

BREVET, noun authorization, charge, charter, declara- BRILLIANCE, noun acuity, adeptness, aptitude, brain-
tion, decree, edict, fiat, grant, law, license, mandate, mani- power, discernment, erudition, highest IQ, insight, intellect,
festo, ordinance, ordination, placet, precept, prescription, intelligence, knowledge, luminosity, mastery, mentality,
rule, sanction, warrant, writ perception, perspicacity, sagacity, sage, sapience, savvy,
wisdom
BRIBE, noun corrupt money, corrupt offering, graft,
hush money, illegal donation, illegal incentive, illegal incita- BRING TO LIGHT, verb disclose, discover, educate,
tion, illegal inducement, illegal lure, illegal offer, illegal of- elucidate, enlighten, expose, get out in the open, impart,
fering, illegal present, illegal reward, offering, pretium, inform, knowledge, leak out, reveal, shed light on, shed
protection money, sop, unlawful bait, unlawful compensa- new light, show, take the lid off of, take the wraps off, un-
tion, unlawful gift, unlawful gratuity cover, unearth, unfold, unmask
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: acceptance of a bribe, bribe-giving for ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: confidentiality, secrecy
public office, bribe-receiving, bribery, bribing a witness, cor-
ruption, obstructing justice, offer to bribe, official miscon- BRINK, noun ambit, apex, barrier, border, borderland,
duct, rewarding official misconduct, solicitation of a bribe, borderline, boundary, brim, confines, cusp, edge, end, en-
unlawful gratuities virons, frame, fringe, frontier, horizon, limit, line, line of
demarcation, lip, margin, perimeter, periphery, proximity,
BRIBERY, noun allurement, baiting, blandishment, radius, threshold, verge
breach of faith, bribing, cajolement, cajolery, collusion, com-
plicity, connivance, corrupt inducement, corrupt payment, BROAD, adjective ample, amplitudinous, amplus, blan-
corruptibility, corruption, crime, criminality, enticement, ille- ket, collective, comprehensive, covering all cases, deep,
gal incitation, illegal inducement, improbity, inducement, diffuse, encyclopedic, expansive, extended, extending, ex-
inveiglement, jobbery, lawbreaking, luring, misdealing, op- tensive, far-flung, far-reaching, far-spread, full, general, gen-
portunism, perfidy, pettifoggery, plying, pressure, prodition, eralized, generic, immense, inclusive, indefinite, indetermi-
seducement, snaring, tantalization, temptation, tempting, nate, indiscriminate, large, large-scale, latitudinous, latus,
unlawful encouragement, venality liberal, liberalistic, nonspecific, outspread, outstretched, per-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: commercial bribery, obstruction of vasive, representative, spacious, spreading, standard,
justice, official misconduct, public bribery sweeping, synoptic, typical, ubiquitous, unbiased, uncon-
fined, unspecified, vague, wide, widespread
BRIEF, adjective abbreviated, abridged, aphoristic, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS : broad appeal, broad definition,
bare, brisk, close, cometary, compact, compendious, broad interpretation, broad meaning, broad sense, broad
compressed, concise, condensed, contracted, cursory, spectrum

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BROADCAST (Announce), verb annunciate, circulate, overbear, override, petrify, prevail upon, push into, put in
declare, display, disseminate, divulge, drum, edict, en- fear, put pressure on, raise apprehensions, reprove, scare,
dorse, enlighten, exhibit, expose, give currency to, give set down, shame into, subdue, trounce
out, herald, make known, message, promulgate, pro-
nounce, propound, publicize, publish, release, report, re- BRUTAL, adjective atrocious, barbarous, bearish,
veal, showcase, spread, state, suggest, tell, trumpet, utter, beastly, bestial, bloody, brutelike, brutish, churlish, coarse,
vocalize, voice cruel, despotic, domineering, excessive, extreme, fell, fe-
rocious, ferus, fierce, flint-hearted, grim, gross, gruff, hard-
BROADCAST (Televise), verb cover, give air time to, hearted, harsh, immanis, inexorable, inhuman, inhuma-
have on a program, have on a show, include on a televised nus, mean, merciless, oppressive, over-harsh, overbearing,
show, perform, prerecorded transmission, put on the air, persecuting, pitiless, primitive, remorseless, rough, rug-
telecast, transmit, transmit live ged, ruthless, sadistic, savage, severe, stonyhearted, truc-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: entertainment law ulent, tyrannical, tyrannous, uncivilized, unfeeling, ungen-
tle, unmerciful, unrelenting, untamed, vicious, violent
BROADEN, verb aggrandize, amplify, augment, build,
develop, distend, double, drag out, enlarge, expand, ex- BRUTALITY, noun act of inhumanity, barbarity, bestial-
tend, fill, fill out, flush out, grow, increase, inflate, magnify, ity, brutalness, brutilization, brutishness, cruelness, cruelty,
open up, protract, spread, stretch, string out, supplement, grossness, hardness, hardness of heart, harshness, heart of
swell, unfold, unfurl, unroll, widen stone, heartlessness, immanitas, inhumanity, lack of feel-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: broaden an investigation ing, mercilessness, moral insensibility, pitilessness, ruffian-
ism, ruthlessness, savageness, savagery, truculence, trucu-
BROKEN (Fractured), adjective crumbled, damaged, lency, unfeelingness, violence
defective, destroyed, disintegrated, dismembered, divided, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: cruel and inhuman treatment, cruel
fractional, fragmentary, injured, lacerated, mangled, muti- and unusual punishment
lated, pulverized, riven, ruptured, sectional, separated, sev-
ered, shattered, shivered, slivered, splintered BRUTALIZE, verb barbarize, be pitiless, be vicious to, be
wicked to, brutify, bully, corrupt, decivilize, deform one’s
BROKEN (Interrupted), adjective checked, deranged, character, dehumanize, demoralize, hurt, injure, lead astray,
desultory, disarranged, disconnected, discontinuous, dis- make insensitive, make wicked, maltreat, mislead, molest,
junct, disordered, divided, erratic, fitful, halting, hindered, oppress, persecute, pervert, render evil, run down, seduce,
incomplete, inconstant, intermittent, irregular, obstructed, teach wickedness, tyrranize
spasmodic, sporadic, stopped, suspended, unequal, uneven, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: assault, cruel and inhuman punishment
unsteady, unsuccessive, variable
BUDGET, noun accountancy, accounts, allocation, allot-
BROKEN (Unfulfilled), adjective contravened, delinquent, ment, allowance, appropriation, balance sheet, balance
derelict, disloyal, disobedient, disregarded, disregardful, duti- statement, distribution, estimated expenditures, planned
less, encroached upon, infringed, infringing, inobservant, in- disbursement, profit and loss account, provision, ration,
subordinate, lawless, nonadhering, nonobservant, repudiated, statement, statement of account
transgressed, uncompliant, undutiful, unfaithful, unlawful, un- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: appropriations, budget bill, budget
loyal, unobservant, untrue, violated, violative notes, itemized budget, municipal budget, public debt
limitations
BROKER, noun agent, bargaining agent, commission
agent, commission merchant, customers’ man, dealer, dep- BUFFER ZONE, noun added protection, bulkhead, bul-
uty, factor, go-between, intermediary, intermedium, inter- wark, insulation, medium, rampart, screen, territory for defense
nuncio, interpres, link, matchmaker, mediator, medium,
middleman, monger, negotiant, negotiator, realtor, regrater, BUILD (Augment), verb add to, aggrandize, amplify,
representative, trader develop, elevate, enhance, enlarge, expand, extend, grow,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: brokerage, broker’s commission, ex- heighten, increase, lift, magnify, make higher, make larger,
change broker, insurance broker, merchandise broker, note- parlay, pyramid, raise, rise, swell
broker, pawnbroker, real estate broker, stockbroker
BUILD (Construct), verb achieve, assemble, carpenter,
BROKERAGE, noun charge, charges, commission, cast, compile, compose, construct, contrive, create, de-
compensation, discount, emolument, factorage, fee, rec- vise, elevate, engineer, erect, establish, evolve, fabricate,
ompense, remuneration fashion, figure, form, found, frame, lay the foundation,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: agents, brokerage business, brokerage make, manufacture, model, originate, produce, put up,
commission, brokerage contract, brokers, commissions raise, set up, shape, superstruct, upbuild

BROOD, verb agonize, be dejected, cogitate, consider, BUILD UP, verb accelerate, accrete, accrue, accumu-
contemplate, deliberate over, despair, despond, dwell upon, late, aggregate, amass, bulk, concentrate, conglomerate,
fret, grieve, incubare, meditate on, mope, morbidly medi- distend, elevate, enhance, enlarge, enrich, escalate, ex-
tate, mull over, muse, ponder, reflect, ruminate, study, sulk, pand, flesh out, fortify, gain, gather, heighten, inflate, inten-
think anxiously, think over, weigh sify, maximize, multiply, pile up, proliferate, raise, redou-
ble, reinforce, stoke, swell
BROWBEAT, verb abash, badger, beat down, bully,
chide, cow, daunt, deflate, discourage, dishonor, domineer, BUILDING (Business of assembling), noun aedificatio,
dress down, drive, exert pressure on, frighten, give one a amalgamation, architecture, arrangement, assembling, cau-
talking to, goad, harass, humble, humiliate, intimidate, sation, collocation, compilation, composition, compound-
make nervous, make one feel small, nag, overawe, ing, conformation, conjunction, constitution, construction,

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contriving, craftsmanship, creating, design, development, BUMPTIOUS, adjective audacious, contumelious, for-
devising, effectuation, efformation, engineering, establish- ward, obtrusive, procacious
ment, fabrication, fashioning, formation, formulation, foun-
dation, framing, grouping, handiwork, implementation, BUNKO, noun bamboozlement, cheating, chicanery, con
incorporation, industry, installation, institution, interrela- game, confidence trick, defraudation, double-dealing, dup-
tion, making, manufacture, organization, origination, plan, ery, ensnarement, flimflam, gyp, hoax, legal chicanery, pet-
prefabrication, preparation, production, shaping, structur- tifogging, racket, ruse, skulduggery, supercherie, swindle,
ing, synthesis trick, victimization, wile
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: building for a particular use ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bunko men, bunko steering, confidence
FOREIGN PHRASES: Aedificare in tuo proprio solo non licet game, fraud, gambling, larceny, wagering
quod alteri noceat. It is not lawful to build upon one’s own
land what may injure another. BURDEN, noun accountability, adversity, affliction, anxi-
ety, assignment, bother, botheration, bounden duty, brunt,
BUILDING (Structure), noun abiding place, abode, ad- call of duty, care, charge, chore, cumbrance, devoir, diffi-
dress, aedificium, boardinghouse, construction, domicile, culty, drawback, duty, encumbrance, engagement, errand,
domus, dulce domum, dwelling, dwelling place, edifice, el- handicap, hardship, hindrance, impediment, imposition, job,
evation, erection, establishment, fabric, frame, framework, liability, line of duty, load, mandate, necessity, obligation,
habitat, habitation, headquarters, home, homestead, house, onus, oppression, ordeal, pains, requirement, requisite, re-
institute, living quarters, lodging, lodging house, lodging sponsibility, strain, task, tribulation, trouble, undertaking,
place, lodgings, lodgment, piece of architecture, place, place vexation, weight, work
of habitation, premises, quarters, residence, shelter, site, sta- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: burden of covenant, burden of ease-
tion, superstructure ment, burden of going forward with evidence, burden of
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: building and construction contracts, loss, burden of persuasion, burden of proof, burden upon
building code, building contract, building inspector, commerce, shifting of burden
building laws, building lien, building lines, building FOREIGN PHRASES: Non debet alteri per alterum iniqua con-
loan, building loan mortgage, building material, building ditio inferri. A burdensome condition ought not to be im-
or other improvement, building permit, building pur- posed upon one man by the act of another. Cum par delic-
poses, building restriction, building site, building superin- tum est duorum, semper oneratur petitor et melior
tendent, building trades habetur possessoris causa. When there is equal fault on
both sides, the burden is always placed on the plaintiff and
BULK, noun abundance, accumulation, a commanding the cause of the possessor is preferred. Actus curiae nemi-
portion, amount, amplitudo, batch, block, chief part, clump, nem gravabit. An act of the court shall prejudice no one.
cluster, corpus, greatest part, heap, lot, magnitude, magni- Probandi necessitas incumbit illi qui agit. The necessity
tudo, main part, major part, majority, mass, moles, over- of proving lies with the person who sues. Qui sentit onus
whelming part, predominant part, principal part, quantity, sentire debet et commodum. He who assumes the burden
quantum, size, stack, substance, substantial number, sub- ought to derive the benefit.
stantial part, substantial quantity, volume
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bulk assignments, bulk cargo, bulk BURDEN OF GOING FORWARD, noun adequate evi-
price, bulk property, bulk sale, bulk sales, bulk sales act, dence, adequate proof legally presented at trial, burden of
bulk sales laws, bulk shipment, bulk storage, bulk transac- proof, legal responsibility, obligation of going forward, suf-
tion, stored in bulk ficient corroboration, sufficient evidence in a case, sufficient
evidence to establish a case, sufficient proof, sufficient proof
BULK TRANSFER, noun large asset transfer, main asset of facts, validation of proof of a case, verification of proof of
transfer, major business asset transfer a case
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: cause of action or claim, evidence,
BULLETIN, noun announcement, commentary, com- evidentiary burden, failure to sustain, preponderance of the
munication, communiqué, digest, dispatch, dissemination, evidence, prima facie case, rebuttal
edition, gazette, latest news, memorandum, message, FOREIGN PHRASES: Onus probani. Burden of proof.
news, news flash, newsletter, notification, paper, periodical,
promotion, pronouncement, record, release, report, re- BURDEN OF PROOF, noun adequate evidence, ade-
view, scoop, statement, updates quate proof legally presented at trial, burden of going forward,
legal responsibility, obligation of going forward, sufficient cor-
BULWARK, noun abutment, asylum, barricade, barrier, roboration, sufficient evidence in a case, sufficient evidence to
bastion, battlement, buffer, bulkhead, buttress, citadel, de- establish a case, sufficient proof, sufficient proof of facts, vali-
fense, embankment, fort, fortification, fortress, guard, dation of proof of a case, verification of proof of a case
haven, insulation, insulator, palladium, parapet, preservation, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: cause of action or claim, evidence,
propugnaculum, protection, rampart, refuge, safeguard, evidential burden, failure to sustain, preponderance of the
sanctuary, security, shelter, shield, stockade, stronghold, evidence, prima facie case, rebuttal, weight of evidence
support FOREIGN PHRASES: Onus probani. Burden of proof.

BUMPER CROP, noun a sufficiency, affluence, ample- BUREAU, noun administration, administrative unit,
ness, amplitude, an ample amount, an ample supple, ava- agency, authority, board, branch, commission, committee,
lanche, bonanza, bounteousness, bountifulness, copiousness, department, division, ministry, office, specialized administra-
flood, full measure, fullness, generosity, generousness, glut, tive unit, specialized unit
great abundance, landslide, lavishness, much, outpouring,
overbrim, overbrimming, overburden, overcharge, overflow, BUREAUCRACY, noun administration, agency, authori-
overload, plenty, plethora, profuseness, profusion, saturation, ties, delegated authority, departmentalization, governance,
superabundance, surfeit government, government by bureaus, government office,

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governmental procedure, governmental system for decision business, interference with business, ordinary course of
making, inflexible routine, management, ministration, official business, transacting business
procedure, officialdom, officiation, organization, powers that FOREIGN PHRASES: Ea quae raro accidunt non temere in
be, process of governing, red tape, regulation, reins of gov- agendis negotiis computantur. Those things which rarely
ernment, rigid routine, rule, service, sovereignty, state man- happen are not to be taken into account in the transaction of
agement, strict procedure, system business without sufficient reason.

BURGLAR, noun bandit, bank robber, criminal, despoiler, BUSINESS (Commercial enterprise), noun cartel, combine,
filcher, gangster, holdup man, homo trium literarum, house- company, concern, corporation, establishment, firm, industry,
breaker, larcener, marauder, pilferer, pillager, plunderer, manufacture, organization, private enterprise, shop, store,
prowler, raider, rifler, robber, safebreaker, safecracker, sec- syndicate, venture
ond-story thief, sneak thief, spoiler, stealer, stickup man, thief
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: burglar’s tools, criminal trespass BUSINESS (Occupation), noun activity, avocation, call-
ing, career, craft, duty, employment, endeavor, following,
BURGLARY, noun breaking and entering, crime, effrac- function, handicraft, job, line, livelihood, living, means of
tura, felony, filching, forcible entry, furtum, housebreaking, support, mission, office, practice, profession, pursuit, spe-
illegality, larceny, lawlessness, looting, marauding, pilfering, cialty, trade, undertaking, vocation, walk of life, work
pillaging, plunderage, plundering, prowling, purloinment,
raiding, robbery, robbing, spoiling, stealing, theft, thievery, BUSINESS JUDGMENT RULE, noun corporate director
unlawful act, unlawful breaking and entering, unlawfulness and officer immunity, good faith creating immunity, means
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: burglar’s tools, burglary insurance, to avoid a challenge to the decisions of officers, means to
common law burglary, receiving stolen goods, robbery, protect officers, means to uphold due care of officers,
statutory burglary means to uphold good faith of officers, means to uphold
loyalty of officers, reasonable care and prudence to avoid
BURN, verb blaze, blister, brand, burn to a cinder, burst wrongdoing, shield from liability for corporate executives,
into flame, catch fire, cauterize, char, conflagrate, consume, shield from liability for directors
cremate, deflagrate, enkindle, fire, flame up, flare, gut, ignite,
incandesce, incendiarize, incinerate, inflame, kindle, light up, BUSY, adjective active, adroit, assiduous, attentive,
melt, overheat, parch, relume, scald, scorch, scorify, sear, brisk, bustling, conscientious, constant, diligent, eager,
seethe, singe, sizzle, smelt, smolder, strike a light, vesicate employed, energetic, engaged, engrossed, enthusiastic,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: arson, revocation of wills focused, hard-working, indefatigable, industrious, involved,
keenly working, laborious, nimble, occupied, operational,
BURY (Entomb), verb embalm, enshrine, entomb, operative, persevering, persistent, persisting, preoccupied,
inhume, inter, inurn, lay to rest, place in a grave, sepulcher, purposeful, rapt, sedulous, snowed under, steady, studious,
tomb swamped, tied up, unrelenting, untiring, vigorous, viva-
cious, working copiously, zealous
BURY (Hide), verb camouflage, cloak, conceal, couch,
cover, embed, engulf, ensconce, hide, immerse, inter, BUTTRESS, verb bolster, boost, brace, bracket, build
mask, obscure, plant, secret, shelter, squirrel away, stash support, build up, build up the foundation, bulwark, buoy,
away, store away, submerge, to put in a grave, tomb cantilever, girder, grip, help, increase support, lever, pillow,
prop, reinforce, shore up, stave, stirrup, strengthen, strut,
BUSINESS (Affair), noun activity, concern, duty, inter- support, sustain, truss
est, matter, mission, proceeding, proposition, responsibility, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: build up of damages, expert testimony
task, undertaking
FOREIGN PHRASES: Aliena negotia exacto officio geruntur. BUY, verb acquire by purchase, acquire ownership of,
The business of another is to be carried out with particular bargain for, complete a purchase, contract, get in exchange,
care. Constitutum esse eam domum unicuique nostrum make a purchase, make one’s own, mercari, obtain, order,
debere existimari, ubi quisque sedes et tabulas haberet, pay a price for, pay cash for, pay for, procure, procure title to,
suarumque rerum constitutionem fecisset. It is estab- purchase, redeem, secure, secure for a consideration, trade
lished that the home of each of us is considered to be the ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: buy and sell agreement, buy in the
place of his abode and books, and where he may have made ordinary course of business, buy long, buy out, buy short,
an establishment of his business. In suo quisque negotio buyer beware, buyer’s needs, buyer’s option, buyer’s risk,
hebetior est quam in alieno. Everyone is more dull in his buying a note or a bill, buying and receiving stolen goods,
own business than in that of another. buying broker
FOREIGN PHRASES: Caveat emptor, qui ignorare non debuit
BUSINESS (Commerce), noun barter, buying and selling, quod jus alienum emit. Let a purchaser beware since he
commercial intercourse, dealings, exchange, industry, inter- ought not to be ignorant that he is purchasing whatever rights
course, merchandising, merchantry, production, trade, trad- another has. Emptor emit quam minimo potest, venditor
ing, traffic, transaction, ventures vendit quam maximo potest. The buyer purchases for the
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: business address, business agent, least he can; the seller sells for the most he can. In pretio
business corporation, business crimes, business district, emptionis et venditionis, naturaliter licet contrahenti-
business done in state, business enterprise, business ex- bus se circumvenire. In respect to the price, in buying and
penses, business hours, business interruption insurance, selling, it is naturally permitted to the contracting parties to
business invitees, business license, business losses, busi- overreach one another.
ness name, business paper, business purposes, business
records, business restrictions, business secrets, business BUYER, noun client, consumer, customer, end user,
situs, business trust, business venture, business visitor, patron, prospect, prospective owner, purchaser, regular
doing business, good will of business, in the course of patron, shopper

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 BYLAW

BYLAW, noun canon, charter, code, municipal regula- BYSTANDER, noun apprizer, attestant, attester, audi-
tion, ordinance, prescript, prescription, reglement, regula- ence, beholder, corroborator, earwitness, enlightener, eye-
tion, rubric, rule, standard witness, indicator, informant, informer, insider, listener,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: amendment of bylaws, authorization looker, looker-on, monitor, observer, one who bears witness,
for bylaws, enactment of bylaws, interpretation of bylaws, onlooker, passer-by, reporter, seer, spectator, swearer, teller,
repeal of bylaws testifier, tipster, tout, undercover man, viewer, viewership,
watcher, witness, witness, witness as to character, witness
BYPASS, verb avert, avoid, beguile, circumnavigate, cir- to a crime
cumvent, deflect, detour, deviate from, disregard, divert, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accessory, disinterested party, Good
dodge, duck, elude, escape, eschew, evade, flee, ignore, Samaritan, innocent bystander, third persons
neglect, obviate, omit, overpass, parry, pass over, prevent,
shake, shirk, shortcut, shun, sidestep, skirt, stave off, ward off

C
CABAL, noun band, camarilla, clique, coalition, collu- catastrophe, clades, destruction, disaster, evil fortune, evil
sion, combination, complicity, complot, confederacy, con- lot, evil luck, grievous harm, hardship, ill fortune, loss,
nivance, conspiracy, council, design, factio, faction, gang, major misfortune, mischance, misery, misfortune, stroke,
intrigue, junta, league, machination, plot, ring, scheme, tragedy
secret group, secret plot, societas clandestina, union ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: calamity bonds

CACHE (Hiding place), noun abri, ambuscade, back- CALCULATE, verb account, appraise, ascertain mathe-
room, confinement, hideaway, inmost recesses, place of matically, assess, average out, cast accounts, cipher, com-
concealment, protectory, refuge, safe place, safe retreat, putare, compute, consider, count, design, determine, de-
secret place, shelter, undercover vise, enumerate, estimate, evaluate, figure, figure out, form
an estimate, furnish an estimate, gauge, make a computa-
CACHE (Storage place), noun depository, place of de- tion, make an estimate, measure, mete, number, place a
posit, place of safety, promptuary, repertory, repository, value on, plan, predict, quantify, rank, rate, reckon, score,
reservoir, safe, safe place, secret storehouse, stockroom, set a value on, size, suit, take an account of, take into ac-
storage, store of provisions, storehouse, storehouse for safe- count, take stock, take the dimensions, tally, think out, to-
keeping, storeroom, warehouse talize, valorize, valuate, value, work out

CADAVER, noun carcass, corpse, corpus delecti, dead CALCULATION, noun analysis, appraisal, arithmetic,
body, victim assessment, calibration, ciphering, circumspection, compu-
tation, deciphering, deliberation, estimate, estimation,
CADUCITY, noun decadence, decay, decline, decrepti- evaluation, figures, figuring, forecast, math, mathematics,
tude, degeneracy, deterioration, dotage, feebleness, infir- measurement, number crunching, numbers, planning, pre-
mity of old age, senility, weakness diction, prudence, reckoning, thought, valuation

CAITIFF, adjective abject, afraid, base, baseborn, brut- CALENDAR (List of cases), noun agenda, cases ready
ish, churlish, craven, currish, dastardly, despicable, faint- for argument, court’s log, docket, enumeration of causes
hearted, fear-stricken, ignoble, ignominious, low, lowborn, arranged for trial, list of cases set down for hearing, list of
mean-spirited, of low extraction, of low origin, of mean ex- causes arranged for trial, list of causes instituted in court,
traction, of mean origin, poltroonish, pusillanimous, raffish, list of causes ready for trial, motion docket, order of
recreant, rude, scared, spiritless, uncivilized, uncourageous, cases, record, register, register of cases, schedule, sys-
unpolished, vile, vulgar, weak-minded tematic arrangement of cases, table of cases, timetable,
trial list
CAJOLE, verb allure, bait, coax, entice, importune, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: calendar practice, court calendar, fasti
lure, ply, pressure, push, tease, tempt, urge
CALENDAR (Record of yearly periods), noun agenda,
CALAMITY, noun act of God, adverse fortune, adver- almanac, annals, chronicle, chronology, daybook, diary,
sity, affliction, bad fortune, blight, calamitas, cataclysm, docket, established division of time, history, journal, list of

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 CALUMNIOUS

appointments, list of events, log, logbook, memoranda, CALL (Demand), verb ask for with authority, assert a
menology, order of business, plans, program, record, re- right to, claim, claim as a right, clamor for, command, cry
cord of yearly periods, register, schedule, schedule of for, demand, deposcere, exact, flagitare, insist on, lay claim
events, sequence of events, system of reckoning time, to, make a demand, make an authoritative request, make
table, tabular register of the year, timetable claims upon, make requisition, necessitate, oblige, order,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: calendar day, calendar month, calen- prescribe, present an ultimatum, present one’s claim,
dar week, calendar year, Gregorian calendar press, put in a claim for, render necessary, require, require
of others, requisition, send an order for
CALIBER (Measurement), noun amount, amplitude, area,
breadth, broad gauge, broadness, compass, cross dimension, CALL (Summon), verb ask to come, assemble, assem-
cross measurement, degree, diameter, diameter of a cylindri- ble by summons, beckon, bid come, command to appear,
cal body, dimensions, expanse, extent, full size, gauge, girth, convene, convocate, convoke, desire the presence of,
grade, magnitude, mass, measure, measured size, measure- gather, group, invite, invoke, issue an invitation, mobilize,
ment across, proportion, scale, size, thickness, width muster, muster up, page, rally, request the presence of,
reunite, send for, serve with a writ, subpoena, summon
CALIBER (Mental capacity), noun ability, ableness, forth, unite
acumen, acuteness, adequacy, aptitude, arguteness, attain- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: call as a witness, call for trial, called in
ment, capability, capableness, capacity, competence, com- question, called to testify, calling the docket
prehension, depth, discernment, discrimination, efficacy,
efficiency, endowment, faculty, genius, gift, good judg- CALL (Title), verb characterize, christen, classify, define,
ment, instinct, intellect, intellectual power, intelligence, denominate, designate, determine, dicere, differentiate,
judgment, knowledge, mentality, perspicacity, proficiency, discriminate, distinguish, entitle, give a name, identify,
qualification, reach of mind, sagacity, sapience, specialty, identify by name, individualize, label, name, nominare,
talent, understanding, wisdom personalize, provide with nomenclature, specify, supply
with an epithet, tag, term, vocare
CALIBER (Quality), noun attribute, capability, charac-
ter, distinctiveness, eminence, excellence, grade, impor- CALLING, noun activity, business, career, chosen
tance, merit, potency, rate, standing, state, station, status, work, concern, craft, employment, endeavor, enterprise,
value, virtue, worth field, function, industry, job, learned profession, lifework,
line, line of achievement, line of business, line of work,
CALL (Appeal), noun address, adjuration, application, livelihood, living, means of earning a living, metier, mis-
beseechment, bid, cry, earnest request, entreaty, impetra- sion, munus, occupation, office, operation, position, post,
tion, imploration, importunity, insistent demand, instance, practice, profession, pursuit, specialization, specialty,
invocation, invocatory plea, invocatory prayer, motion, ob- sphere of activity, task, trade, undertaking, vocation, walk
secration, obtestation, petition, plea, prayer, request, re- of life, work
quirement, requisition, solemn entreaty, solicitation, suit, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: trade or calling, unlawful calling
supplication, vox
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: adjournment of a term of the court CALLOUS, adjective adamant, adamantine, brutal,
subject to call, calendar call, call contract, call prior to matu- callosus, cold, cold of heart, coldblooded, coldhearted,
rity, calls for more margin, dismissal for failure to answer a call durus, hard, hard of heart, hardened, hard-hearted, heart-
less, impassive, impenetrable, impenitent, imperturbable,
CALL (Option), noun alternative, choice, decision, de- impervious, implacable, inclement, indifferent, indisposed
mand made on a stock holder, discretion, discretionary to mercy, indurate, indurated, inexcitable, inexorable, in-
order, freedom of choice, liberty of action, opportunity, re- flexible, infrangible, insensate, insensible, insensitive, insen-
quirement, requisition, right of put and call, stock agreement tient, intolerant, obdurate, persecuting, pitiless, relentless,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: “call” option on stock or assess- remorseless, rigorous, seared, severe, shock-proof,
ments, calls and assessments, “puts” and “calls” as options steeled against, stubborn, tearless, thick-skinned, tough-
in a contract ened, unbending, unblushing, uncaring, uncomforting,
uncompassionate, uncondoling, unconsoling, unfeeling,
CALL (Title), noun agnomen, alias, antonomasia, appella- unforgiving, unimpressed, unimpressible, unimpression-
tion, appellative, application, baptism, byword, caption, able, unmelting, unmerciful, unmoved, unpardoning, un-
cognomen, cognomination, compellation, convertible terms, pitying, unrelenting, unruffled, unstirred, unsusceptible,
description, designation, epithet, eponym, expression, given unsympathetic, unsympathizing, unyielding
name, head, indication, matronymic, name, namesake, nam-
ing, nomenclature, patronymic, praenomen, prenomen, CALM, noun abeyance, break, cessation, composure,
proper name, sign, signature, sobriquet, style, surname, syn- hush, lull, pausation, pause, peace, quiescence, quiet, qui-
onym, term, trope etude, respite, serenity, silence, spell, stillness, tranquility

CALL (Appeal to), verb address a petition, address a CALUMNIOUS, adjective abusive, blackening, calum-
request, address oneself to, adjure, appeal, apply to, ask, niatory, castigatory, caustic, censorious, comminatory, com-
ask for, be a suppliant, beg a favor, beg leave, beseech, be- promising, condemnatory, contemptuous, contumelious,
speak, call for aid, call for help, call upon, clamare, cry, cry criminatory, criminosus, damaging, damnatory, decrying,
to, entreat, impetrate, implore, importune, invite, invoke, defamatory, denigratory, denunciatory, deprecatory, depre-
make a petition, make a request, make a requisition, make ciative, depreciatory, derisive, derogatory, detractory,
appeal, make application, make bold to ask, make earnest disapproving, discreditable, disparaging, disrespectful, evil-
entreaty, petition, plead for, plead with, prefer a petition, speaking, ignoble, ignominious, imprecative, imprecatory,
prefer a request, prefer an appeal, press, put to, put up a imputative, injurious, insinuating, insolent, insulting, libelous,
request, request, solicit, sue, supplicate, turn to, urge maledictory, malevolent, obloquial, obloquious, offensive,

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 CAMOUFLAGE

opprobrious, pejorative, scandalous, scurrile, scurrilous, rescinding, rescindment, rescission, retracting, retraction,
slanderous, slighting, smearing, stigmatizing, unflattering, reversal, reversing, revocation, revokement, revoking, su-
vilifying, vituperative persession, surrender, suspension, termination, unmaking,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: contempt of court, defamation vacation, vacatur, voidance, voiding, waiver, withdrawal,
withdrawing
CAMOUFLAGE, verb adumbrate, alter the appearance ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: abatement, cancellation of a contract,
of, assume a mask, be concealed, becloud, becurtain, cancellation of a lease, cancellation of a mortgage, cancella-
bedim, befog, bemask, blanket, blind, bury, change the face tion of a will, cancellation of an insurance policy, cancellation
of, cloak, close the curtain, cloud, color, conceal, couch, of bills, cancellation of certificate of registration, cancellation
cover, cover up, curtain, deceive, deform, disguise, dis- of instruments, cancellation of judgment, cancellation of
semble, distort, draw the veil, dress up, embellish, embroi- notes, judicial cancellation
der, ensconce, enshroud, envelop, fake, gild, give a color
to, give a false appearance, give a false coloring, hide, hide CANDID, adjective aboveboard, apertus sincerus, ap-
away, hide one’s identity, keep from sight, keep from view, parent, blunt, candidus, categorically true, creditworthy,
keep in the dark, keep in the shade, keep out of view, keep direct, explicit, express, forthright, frank, frankhearted, hon-
secret, make unrecognizable, mask, masquerade, miscolor, est, ingenuous, liber, not lying, objective, open, outright,
obfuscate, obscure, occultate, pervert, put in concealment, outspoken, overt, realistic, reliable, scrupulous, simplex,
reshape, screen, screen from observation, screen from sincere, straightforward, substantially true, true, true to
sight, seclude, secrete, shade, shroud, suppress, throw a scale, true to the facts, trustworthy, truthful, unconstrained,
veil over, twist, twist the meaning of, veil undisguised, undissembling, undistorted, uninhibited, un-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: fraudulent misrepresentation perfidious, unperjured, unreserved, unshaded, untreacher-
ous, veracious, veridical, veritable, verus
CAMPAIGN, noun action, activism, activity, cause,
course of action, course of conduct, course of proceeding, CANDIDATE, noun applicant, aspirant, aspirer, candi-
crusade, design, drive, effort, emprise, endeavor, enter- datus, challenger, competitor, contender, contestant, des-
prise, exercise, exertion, expedition, hard task, implemen- ignee, desirer, entrant, hopeful, job seeker, nominee, office
tation, large undertaking, line of action, line of conduct, line hunter, office seeker, petitioner, political aspirant, political
of proceeding, maneuvering, maneuvers, measures, contestant, runner, seeker, struggler
method, mobilization, motion, movement, operation, orga- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: candidate for election, candidate for
nization, plan, plan of offensive, plot, procedure, program, political office, candidate for public office, judicial candi-
project, proposal, proposition, quest, scheme, self-imposed date, legislative candidate, political candidate
task, steps, stipendium, stratagem, strategy, struggle, tac-
tics, task, undertaking, voluntary work, warfare CANDOR (Impartiality), noun detachment, disinter-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: campaign committee, campaign con- estedness, disinterestness, dispassionateness, equitable-
tributions, campaign expenditures, campaign expenses, ness, equity, even-handedness, evenness, fair treatment,
campaign funds, election campaign, political campaign fairness, justness, liberality, neutrality, nonpartisanship,
objectivity, probity, unbias, unprejudicedness
CANARD, noun deceit, deception, fabrication, false
report, false rumor, false statement, falsehood, falsification, CANDOR (Straightforwardness), noun bluntness, can-
fiction, fraud, groundless story, hoax, lie, report intended to didness, directness, forthrightness, frankness, genuineness,
delude, roorback, rumor, ruse, trick, unfounded story, un- guilelessness, honesty, ingenuousness, openness, outspo-
truth, untruthful report kenness, reliability, sincerity, unaffectedness, unpreten-
tiousness, uprightness
CANCEL, verb abolish, abort, abrogate, annihilate,
annul, avoid, countermand, counterorder, counterpoise, CANNABIS, noun arouser, bhang, cannabis sativa,
declare invalid, declare null and void, delere, deny, deprive drug, grass, hash, hashish, hemp, marijuana, narcotic, opi-
of force, discard, disclaim, discontinue, disestablish, dis- ate, pot, weed
miss, dissolve, drop, end, eradicate, excise, expunge, ex- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: drug laws
terminate, extinguish, inducere, invalidate, make void, ne-
gate, not proceed with, nullify, obliterate, override, CANON, noun act, behest, citation, code, command,
overrule, put an end to, quash, quell, quench, recall, recant, commandment, criterion, decree, demand, dictate, dicta-
remove, render invalid, render useless, render void, re- tion, dictum, direction, edict, established principle, fiat,
nege, repeal, repudiate, rescind, restrain, retract, reverse, fundamental principle, general rule, imperative, imposition,
revoke, set aside, suspend, terminate, tollere, vacate, void, instruction, interdiction, law, legislation, lex, mandate,
withdraw manifesto, norma, order, ordinance, precept, prescript,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: cancel a contract, cancel a debt, can- prescription, proclamation, pronunciamento, public an-
cel an instrument, cancel an order, obsolete, rescission, nouncement, regula, regulation, requirement, requisition,
termination, void rescript, rule, rule of conduct, ruling, standard, statute, test,
ultimatum, warrant, word, writ
CANCELLATION, noun abandoning, abandonment, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: canon law, canons of construction,
abolishing, abolishment, abolition, abrogation, abscission, canons of ethics, canons of judicial ethics, canons of justice,
annulling, annulment, cassation, circumduction, counter- professional canon, rule of construction
mand, counterorder, deletion, discontinuance, dismissal,
dissolution, dissolving, disuse, elimination, eradication, CANONS OF ETHICS, noun canons governing profes-
erasure, excision, expunction, extinction, invalidating, in- sional conduct, code of ethics, code of professional respon-
validation, liquidation, moratorium, negation, nonuse, nul- sibility, guidelines of conduct for lawyers, limitations for
lification, nullifying, overruling, rasure, recall, recalling, re- conduct of attorneys, requirements that govern the con-
cantation, relinquishment, renunciation, repeal, repudiation, duct of the members of the legal profession, restrictions for

78
 CAPITALIZE

conduct of lawyers, rules governing attorney conduct, rules intelligit quid agit. An insane person who knows not what
governing lawyers, rules governing the practice of law, he is doing, cannot contract nor transact any business.
rules of professional responsibility Furiosus nullum negotium contrahere potest. An insane
person can make no contract. Furiosi nulla voluntas est. A
CANTANKEROUS, adjective acrimonious, bad-tem- madman has no will. Homo potest esse habilis et inhabilis
pered, bilious, captious, caustic, caviling, choleric, churlish, diversis temporibus. A man is capable and incapable at dif-
contentious, contrary, critical, cross, demanding, disagree- ferent times.
able, disparaging, fractious, harried, huffy, indignant, iras-
cible, irate, irritable, irritating, nasty, obstinate, offensive, CAPACITY (Authority), noun accordance, allowance,
on edge, ornery, peevish, perverse, petulant, quarrelsome, authorization, certification, charter, consent, control, dis-
querulous, quick-tempered, rude, severe, testy, uncouth pensation, droit, enablement, jurisdiction, justification,
leave, legal capacity, liberty, license, permission, permit,
CANVASS, verb ambire, analyze, ask, ask earnestly, power, prerogative, privilege, qualification, right, sanction,
audit, bring in question, carry on an inquiry, conduct an sovereignty, stature, supremacy, warrant
inquiry, count, delve into, dig into, discuss, dissect, exam- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: capacity to sue
ine, examine searchingly, explore, follow up an inquiry,
hold an inquiry, inquire, inquire into, inspect, institute an CAPACITY (Job), noun assignment, function, occupa-
inquiry, investigate, look about for, look into, make a sur- tion, position, role, situation, task
vey, petition, poll, preexamine, probe, pursue an inquiry,
question, report, request, research, review, scan, scruti- CAPACITY (Maximum), noun ampleness, amplitude,
nize, search, set up an inquiry, study, subject to examina- breadth, compass, comprehensiveness, containing power,
tion, survey, take up an inquiry, throw open to inquiry extent, full complement, full extent, full volume, fullness,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: canvass a jury, canvass the members greatest amount, greatest extent, greatest size, holding
of a class ability, largeness, limit, limit of endurance, limitation, mea-
sure, physical limit, plenitude, reach, room, scope, spa-
CAP, noun ceiling, greatest amount, lid, limit, maxi- ciousness, stretch, tankage, upper limit, volume
mum amount
CAPACITY (Sphere), noun ambit, area, arena, boundar-
CAP, verb complete, conclude, end, finish, finish off, ies, bounds, division, domain, extent, field, jurisdiction,
get done, get through with, perfect, terminate limits, orbit, pale, province, reach, realm, region, scope,
specialty, stretch, territory
CAP AND TRADE, noun economic incentives to control
pollution, emission trading scheme, emissions trading, envi- CAPITAL, noun assets, available means, balances, bank
ronmental controls, free market emissions trading, means to annuities, belongings, caput, cash supplies, credits, economic
avoid climate change, means to impose a limit on emissions, resources, finances, financial provision, financial resources,
means to reduce pollutants, pollution controls, pollution funds, funds for investment, funds in hand, holdings, income,
permit trading, trading program to control air pollutants investment portfolio, investments, line of credit, liquid assets,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: environmental conservation, global money, pecuniary resources, property, ready cash, receipts,
warming, severe weather reserves, resources, revenue, savings, sors, working assets
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: authorized capital, capital account, capi-
CAPABLE, adjective able, accomplished, adept, ade- tal assets, capital budget, capital case, capital construction,
quate, adroit, aptus, competent, deft, effective, effectual, capital contribution, capital crime, capital expenditure, capital
equal to, expert, facile, fit, fitted, gifted, idoneus, masterly, gains, capital gains tax, capital improvement, capital in a cor-
potent, proficient, qualified, skillful, suited, worthy poration, capital investment, capital loss, capital of a state,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: capable of assisting with one’s defense, capital offense, capital outlay, capital paid-in, capital project,
capable of contracting, capable of inheriting, capable of taking capital punishment, capital reserve, capital stock, capital sur-
and holding property, capable to inherit, capable to marry, plus, circulating capital, distribution of capital, equity capital,
competence capable of distinguishing right from wrong fixed capital, floating capital, impairment of capital, reduction
of capital, return of capital, stated capital, working capital
CAPACIOUS, adjective able to contain a great deal, FOREIGN PHRASES: Excusat aut extenuat delictum in capi-
ample, big, broad, capable of holding much, colossal, com- talibus quod non operatur idem in civilibus. That ex-
modious, comprehensive, deep, expanded, expansive, cuses or extenuates a wrong in capital cases which would
extended, extensive, generous, gigantic, great, huge, im- not have the same effect in civil suits.
mense, large, massive, roomy, spacious, substantial, vast,
vasty, voluminous, wide CAPITAL PUNISHMENT, noun dealing death, death,
death sentence, execution, extreme penalty, judicial mur-
CAPACITY (Aptitude), noun ability, ableness, aptness, der, killing
capability, capableness, competence, competency, effectu- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: cruel and unusual punishment
ality, faculty, giftedness, potentiality, power, proficiency,
qualification, range, reach, scope, skill, talent CAPITALIZE (Provide capital), verb advance, afford
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: full capacity, lack of capacity, legal aid, afford support, aid, aid with a subsidy, back, back up,
capacity, lessened capacity, mental capacity, private capac- bring aid, contribute, extend credit, favor, finance, fund,
ity, proprietary capacity, quasi-judicial capacity, represen- furnish aid, furnish foundations, furnish support, give aid,
tative capacity, testamentary capacity, want of capacity give support, help, invest, lend, lend one’s aid, lend sup-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Sola ac per se senectus donationem tes- port, loan, pension, promote, provide capital for, provide
tamentum aut transactionem non vitiat. Old age does not for, provide funds for, provide money for, set up, set up in
alone and of itself vitiate a will, gift, or transaction. Furiosus business, sponsor, subsidize, supply aid, supply support,
stipulare non potest nec aliquid negotium agere, qui non supply with a subsidy, support, venture capital

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 CAPITALIZE

ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS:capitalization of income, capitaliza- CAPTURE, verb apprehend, arrest, capere, carry away,
tion of net income, capitalization of stabalized income, catch, comprehendere, confine, hold captive, hold in captiv-
capitalize earning ity, immure, impress, imprison, incarcerate, jail, lock up,
make an arrest, make prisoner, net, repress, restrain, re-
CAPITALIZE (Seize the chance), verb avail oneself of, strict, seize, subdue, take by assault, take by force, take
benefit, convert to use, create an opening, employ, exploit, captive, take into custody, take possession of, take prisoner
find one’s advantage in, make an opening, make the most ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: capture of a criminal defendant, cap-
of, make use of, manipulate, profit, put in operation, put to ture of wild animals, captured property
advantage, put to service, reap the benefit of, render use-
ful, take advantage of, take the opportunity, turn to good CARDINAL (Basic), adjective apical, basal, capital, cen-
account, turn to one’s advantage, utilize, utilize for profit tral, chief, controlling, elemental, elementary, essential,
first, foremost, fundamental, indispensable, key, main, ma-
CAPITULATION, noun abandonment, acquiescence, terial, necessary, overruling, pivotal, praecipuus, prepon-
assent, compliance, consent, docility, giving way, nonre- derant, primal, primary, prime, primus, principal, rudimen-
sistance, obedience, passiveness, passivity, recedence, tary, strategic, substantial, substantive, summital,
recession, relinquishment, resignation, resignedness, self- underlying, undermost, uppermost, utmost, vital
abnegation, submission, submissiveness, submittal, surren- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: cardinal rule
der, unresistingness, yielding
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: confession, nolo contendere, plea of CARDINAL (Outstanding), adjective absolute, all pow-
guilty erful, best, central, chief, commanding, controlling, crown-
ing, dominant, eventful, excellent, finest, foremost, great-
CAPRICIOUS, adjective apt to change suddenly, est, greatest possible, highest, incomparable, inimitable,
changeable, changeful, changing, erratic, everchanging, insurmountable, key, leading, major, maximal, momen-
fanciful, fantasied, fantastical, fickle, flighty, fluctuating, tous, most important, notable, paramount, praecipuus,
frivolous, giddy, inconstans, inconstant, irresolute, irre- predominant, preeminent, preponderant, prevailing,
sponsible, levis, mercurial, reversible, uncertain, uncon- prime, primus, second to none, supereminent, superlative,
trolled, undisciplined, unmethodical, unreliable, unre- supreme, top, unequaled, unexcelled, unparalleled, unsur-
strained, unstable, unsystematic, vacillating, vagarious, passed, uppermost, utmost
variable, wavering, whimsical, without rational basis
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: arbitrary and capricious, arbitrary, capri- CARE (Be cautious), verb be cautious, be concerned,
cious and unlawful, review of administrative determination bear in mind, beware, consider, curare, give heed to,
guard, have regard, heed, look out for, mind, pay attention
CAPSULE, noun abbreviation, abrégé, abridgment, ab- to, protect, take precautions, watch out for, watch over
stract, analysis, brief, capitulation, compend, compendium, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: care and caution, care and skill, careful,
compression, condensation, conspectus, contents, digest, careless, degree of care, due care, extraordinary care, great
epitome, essence, minute, note, outline, pandect, précis, care, lack of care, ordinary care, slight care, want of care
recapitulation, reduction, résumé, review, skeleton, sketch,
substance, sum and substance, summary, syllabus, synopsis CARE (Regard), verb administer to, attend, attend to, be
concerned, be concerned for, become involved, bother, cu-
CAPTION, noun annotation, banner, banner head, ban- rare, foster, mind, minister to, nurture, pay attention to,
ner line, characterization, clause, description, designation, protect, serve, supervise, support, sustain, tend, watch over
display line, head, heading, headline, headnote, imprint, indi- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: care and custody, care and mainte-
cation of contents, inscription, legend, mark of identification, nance, custody or control
notes, preface, rubric, section head, specification, statement,
subhead, subheading, subtitle, superscription, title, topic CAREER, noun activity, avocation, business, calling,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: caption of a petition, caption of a chosen work, craft, curriculum, cursus, employment, field,
pleading, caption of indictment job, lifework, line, livelihood, metier, occupation, office,
position, post, profession, pursuit, situation, skilled occupa-
CAPTIOUS, adjective carping, caviling, critical, de- tion, specialty, trade, vocation, work
manding, discriminating, exacting, fastidious, faultfinding,
finicky, fussy, harsh, hypocritical, judgmental, nit-picking, CAREFUL, adjective accuratus, alert, attentive, atten-
overcritical, particular, pettifogging, picky, quibbling, rejec- tus, cautious, circumspect, concerned, diligens, discreet,
tive, unforgiving foresighted, guarded, heedful, judicious, meticulous, mind-
ful, on one’s guard, on the alert, overcautious, painstaking,
CAPTIVE, noun bondman, bondsman, captivus, cap- precautious, provident, prudent, regardful, scrupulous,
tured person, captus, convict, felon, helot, hostage, impris- thoughtful, unadventurous, unenterprising, vigilant, watch-
oned person, incarcerated person, inmate, internee, one ful, wide-awake
held in captivity, one held in confinement, one held in sub- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: careful and prudent manner, caution,
jegation, pawn, person under arrest, prisoner, slave, sub- diligence, due care, protection, prudence, reasonable care
ject, thrall, victim
CARELESS, adjective casual, cursory, disregardful,
CAPTIVITY, noun bondage, captivitas, commitment, forgetful, hasty, heedless, hurried, impetuous, improvident,
committal, confinement, constraint, custody, detention, du- imprudent, impulsive, inadvertent, inattentive, incautious,
rance, duress, enslavement, entombment, immuration, im- inconsiderate, indifferent, indiscreet, injudicious, insouci-
murement, impoundment, imprisonment, incarceration, in- ant, irresponsible, lackadaisical, lax, loose, neglectful,
ternment, jail, prison, quarantine, quarantine station, restraint, neglegens, negligent, nonchalant, oblivious, overhasty,
slavery, subjection, subjugation, term of imprisonment perfunctory, pococurante, precipitant, precipitate, rash,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: domestic animals in captivity reckless, regardless, remiss, slack, slipshod, sloppy,

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superficial, temerarious, thoughtless, unapprehensive, un- CARRY (Transport), verb bear, bring, cart, convey, con-
calculating, uncircumspect, unconcerned, unguarded, voy, haul, move, take, tote, transport
unmindful, unobservant, unthinking, unwary, wasteful ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: carry a concealed weapon, carry a
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: careless and imprudent manner, care- weapon, carry back, carry on a business, carry on trade,
less and negligent manner, grossly careless, negligence, carrying charges, carrying on a trade or business, carrying
recklessly careless, standard of care, wantonly careless on any trade or business, carrying on business, larceny, take
and carry away
CARETAKER (One caring for property), noun archivist,
attendant, concierge, convoy, curator, custodian, governor, CARRY AWAY, verb abduce, abduct, capture, carry off,
guard, guardian, keeper, lookout, overseer, porter, sentry, commandeer, convey away, drag away, expropriate, kid-
sexton, steward, superintendent, supervisor, warden, watch- nap, make off with, overcome, overpower, purloin, ravish,
man remove, remove bodily, run off with, seize, shanghai, spirit
away, steal, take away, take by assault, take by stealth, take
CARETAKER (One fulfilling the function of office), noun captive, take forcibly, take prisoner, thieve, waylay
administrator, collector, commissioner, controller, director, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: abduction, asportation, kidnapping,
district officer, government servant, grand vizier, high offi- theft
cial, key person, magistrate, manager, minister, officeholder, FOREIGN PHRASES: Cepit et asportavit. He took and carried
officer, officer in charge, officer of state, overseer, person in away.
charge, public servant, state servant, superintendent
CARRY ON, verb adhere, carry through, continue, de-
CARGO, noun baggage, boatload, bulk, capacity, car- velop, endure, go forward, hang on, hold on, hold up, keep
load, cartload, charge, commodities, consignment, con- up, maintain, perpetrate, persevere, persist, prevail, pro-
tents, conveyance, freight, freightage, furnishings, goods, ceed, remain, résumé, stay, tarry
haul, impedimenta, lading, lading of a ship, load, luggage,
merchandise, onus, pack, packages, payload, produce, pro- CARRY OUT, verb accomplish, achieve, actualize, ad-
visions, shipload, shipment, shipping, stock, tonnage, train- minister, attain, bring to a conclusion, complete, consum-
load, transfer, truckload, vanload, ware, wares mate, effect, effectuate, enforce, execute, finalize, finish,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: carriers, delivery contract, hot cargo, follow through, fulfill, implement, negotiate, perform, per-
risk of loss of cargo petrate, practice, prosecute, pull off, put through, realize,
reduplicate, reenact
CARICATURE, noun apery, cartoon, characterization,
depiction, exaggerated likeness, exaggeration, farce, CARTEL, noun accord, accordance, affiliation, agree-
graphic treatment, grotesque portrayal, grotesque rendi- ment, alliance, amalgamation, association, bloc, body cor-
tion, hyperbole, imitation, lampoon, mimicking, mimicry, porate, coadjuvancy, coalition, colleagueship, combination,
mockery, overcoloring, overdrawing, overestimation, par- combine, common consent, community of interest, com-
ody, personation, portrayal, satire, travesty pact, concert, concord, concordance, concordat, concur-
rence, confederation, conjunction, consenus, consociation,
CAROUSE, verb be a drunkard, be convivial, be drunk, consonancy, consort, consortium, contract, cooperation,
be immoderate, be intemperate, carry to excess, celebrate, covenant, federation, fusion, group, joint concern, league,
comissari, commit a debauch, debauch, dissipate, drink, merger, mutual understanding, organization, pact, sodality,
drink to excess, enervate oneself, exceed, feast, frolic, go syndicate, trust, union, unity
on a spree, imbibe, indulge in dissipation, indulge oneself, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: business cartel, international cartel
lack self-control, live dissolutely, lose control, overindulge,
potare, quaff, revel, spree, tipple, wallow CASE (Example), noun demonstration, exemplification,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: breach of peace, disorderly conduct, illustration, instance, model, occurrence, paradigm, repre-
disturbing the peace sentative, representative selection, sample, specimen, type

CARRIAGE, noun affreightment, airfreight, carrying, CASE (Lawsuit), noun action, cause, claim, contention,
cartage, conveyance, drayage, portage, porterage, ship- controversy, court action, dissension, judicial contest, legal ar-
ment, shipping, transfer, transference, translocation, trans- gument, legal dispute, legal issue, legal proceedings, litigation,
portation, transshipment, truckage, vehiculum matter, matter for judgment, proceedings, suit, suit at law
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: affreightment, carriage of goods, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: case arising under laws of the United
Carriage of Goods by Sea Act States, case arising under the Constitution, case at common
law, case in equity, case law, case of fraud, case on appeal,
CARRIER, noun conveyor, dispatcher, express shipper, case or controversy, criminal case, dismissal of a case, di-
ferrier, shipper, steamship company, transferor, transport vorce case, equity case, homicide case, injunction case,
company judicial case, jury case, justiciable case, law case, law of the
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: air carriers, baggage, carrier by air, car- case, leading case, meritorious case, pending case, prima
rier engaged in interstate commerce, carrier for hire, carrier of facie case, sufficient case for jury, trespass on the case
goods, carrier of passengers, carrier’s lien, common carriers, FOREIGN PHRASES: Secta est pugna civilis; sicut actores ar-
forwarding carriers, initial carriers, motor vehicle carrier, oper- mantur actionibus, et, quasi, a ccinguntur gladiis, ita rei
ating carriers, private carriers, public carriers, railroad carriers muniuntur exceptionibus, et defenduntur, quasi c lypeis.
A suit is a civil battle; for as the plaintiffs are armed with ac-
CARRY (Succeed), verb accomplish, achieve, attain, be tions, and, as it were, girded with swords, so the defendants
victorious, bring to pass, cause to happen, complete, cul- are fortified with pleas, and are defended, as it were, with
minate, effect, effectuate, gain, prevail, score, succeed, shields. In consimili casu, consimile debet esse reme-
triumph, win dium. In similar cases, the remedy should be similar. Ubi
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: carry a vote non est directa lex, standum est arbitrio judicis, vel

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procedendum ad similia. Where there is no direct law, the remonstrate, reprehend, reprimand, reproach, reprove,
decision of the judge is to be taken, or references to be made scold, take to task, upbraid, vituperate
to similar cases. Certa debet esse intentio, et narratio, et ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: judicial censure
certum fundamentum, et certa res quae deducitur in ju-
dicium. The intention, declaration, foundation, and matter CASUAL, adjective aimless, apathetic, blase, causeless,
brought to the court to be tried ought to be certain. cursory, designless, desultory, fortuitous, haphazard, inat-
tentive, incidental, indeterminate, indifferent, indiscrimi-
CASE (Set of circumstances), noun affairs, arrangement, nate, informal, insouciant, irregular, nonchalant, occasional,
background, circumstance, condition, conjuncture, context, orderless, perfunctory, pococurante, purposeless, superfi-
course of events, existing state, factors, grounds, juncture, cial, thoughtless, unarranged, uncertain, unconcerned, un-
milieu, occurrence, place, plight, point, position, posture, critical, undetermined, undirected, unexacting, unfixed,
predicament, set of facts, setting, situation, standing, state, unmethodical, unmeticulous, unmindful, unordered, unor-
state of affairs, status, terms ganized, unparticular, unprecise, unpunctilious, unstudied,
unsystematic, unweighed
CASE HISTORY, noun actions, analysis, archive chro- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: casual act, casual employment, ca-
nology, background, chronicle, circumstances, documenta- sual transaction
tion, fact sheet, facts, factual background, framework,
grounding, history, in-depth analysis, narrative, prepara- CASUALTY, noun accident, adversity, affliction, back-
tion, record, report, summary, timeline set, bad fortune, blight, calamity, catastrophe, contretemps,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: criminal rap sheet, priors débâcle, disaster, emergency, hardship, ill fortune, ill hap,
incident, infliction, injury, misadventure, mischance, misfor-
CASE IN POINT, noun another example, as in the in- tune, mishap, serious accident, setback, tragedy, unforeseen
stant case, exactly the same case as what is being discussed, accident, unfortunate accident, unfortunate occurence
example, explanation, for instance, illustration, illustrative ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: casualty insurance, casualty loss
case, in this case, instance, instant case, model, occurrence,
precedent, prime example, proof, real-life situation, rele- CASUISTRY, noun behaviorism, deontology, empiri-
vant case, representative, the immediate situation cism, ethical philosophy, ethology, idealism, moral science,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: collateral estoppels, res judicata perfectionism, sophistry, utilitarianism

CASH, noun available means, bill, capital, coin, coin of CATACHRESIS, noun distortion, exaggeration, false
the realm, coinage, currency, dollar currency, finances, coloring, false construction, false reading, garbling, incorrect
funds, hard money, legal tender, medium of exchange, usage, misapplication, misapprehension, miscitation, mis-
monetary unit, money, moneys, pecunia praesens, pecuni- conception, misconstruction, misexplanation, misexplica-
ary resources, principal, ready money, reserve, resources, tion, misexposition, misinterpretation, misjudgment, mis-
riches, specie, treasure, working assets quotation, misreading, misrendering, misrepresentation,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: cash and securities, cash assets, cash mistake, mistranslation, misunderstanding, misusage, sole-
bail, cash bond, cash dividend, cash down, cash method, cash cism, strained sense, wrong interpretation, wrong usage
on delivery, cash on hand, cash surrender value, cash value
CATACLYSM, noun alluvion, avalanche, convulsion,
CAST (Register), verb assert, ballot, commit oneself, crash, debacle, deluge, disaster, disturbance, earthquake,
deposit formally, effect, establish, exercise one’s choice, eruption, extensive flood, flood, holocaust, inundation,
exercise one’s options, give a vote, go to the polls, hold up overflow, overflowing, overrunning, quake, storm, temblor,
one’s hand, make a choice, make a decision, make a selec- tidal wave, tremor, upheaval, violent upheaval
tion, make an entry, make one’s choice, make one’s selec- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: act of God, state of emergency
tion, mark down, place on record, poll, put down, put on
record, record, register one’s vote, select, tabulate, vote CATALOGUE, verb analyze, arrange, assort, break
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: votes cast down, compile, correlate, distribute, enter, file, group,
identify, incorporate, index, label, match, name, number,
CAST (Throw), verb bestrew, catapult, conicere, dis- order, organize, rank, register, segment, sort, tabulate, tally
seminate, distribute, eject, emit, fling, force, hurl, iactare,
impart, impel, launch, let off, mittere, project, propel, put CATALYST, noun abettor, activator, active element, ac-
into motion, radiate, send forth, send off, shed, spread, toss tive partisan, active reformer, actuator, agacerie, agent
provocateur, agitator, animator, catalytic agent, cause, en-
CAST ASPERSIONS, verb accuse, asperse, attack, be- couragement, encourager, excitant, exciter, ferment, force,
foul, besmirch, blame, cast slurs, castigate, censure, chide, goad, impeller, impetus, impulse, incentive, incitation, in-
condemn, decry, defame, denigrate, denounce, deprecate, citement, inducement, inspiration, inspirer, instigator, ma-
depreciate, derogate, disesteem, fault, impugn, injure, in- neuverer, modifying cause, motivating force, motivation,
sult, libel, malign, mudsling, rebuke, reproach, reprobate, mover, moving spirit, planner, popular ringleader, power,
reprove, revile, slander, smear, vilify, villainize, vituperate prompter, provocateur, provocation, provocative, spur,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: defamation, libel, slander stimulant, stimulator, strategist, suggester

CAST LIGHT ON, verb illuminate, inform, light, light CATASTROPHE, noun accident, adversity, affliction,
up, lighten up, radiate, throw light upon, throw sunlight on calamitas, calamity, cataclysm, collapse, contretemps, débâ-
cle, decimation, desolation, destruction, devastation, disaster,
CASTIGATE, verb admonish, be severe, berate, call to downfall, emergency, eradication, extinction, great misfor-
account, castigare, caution, censure bitterly, chasten, chas- tune, hardship, havoc, holocaust, infliction, misadventure,
tise, chide, criticize severely, deal retributive justice, disci- mischance, misfortune, mishap, notable disaster, obliteration,
pline, excoriate, execrate, expostulate, objurgate, rebuke, ravage, ruin, ruination, scourge, serious calamity, tragedy

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ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: act of God, natural catastrophe, state CAUSATIVE, adjective beginning, causal, caused, con-
of emergency stitutive, constructive, creative, determinant, directive,
dominant, formative, generative, impelling, inceptive, in-
CATASTROPHIC, adjective annihilative, baleful, bane- duced, inducing, inductive, influential, inspired, institutive,
ful, cataclysmal, cataclysmic, damaging, deadly, demolish- original, originative, pivotal, predominant, primary, procre-
ing, deplorable, destroying, destructive, detrimental, dev- ative, productive, responsible, stimulating
astating, dire, disastrous, eradicative, exterminatory,
extirpate, fatal, harmful, horrid, hurtful, injurious, malefic, CAUSE (Lawsuit), noun action, action in court, case,
pernicious, ravaging, ruining, ruinous, sinister, tragic legal action, legal proceedings, litigation, proceedings,
subject of dispute, suit, suit at law, trial
CATCH, verb apprehend, arrest, bag, capture, clutch, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accrual of a cause of action, adversary
collar, corner, corral, detain, ensnare, entangle, entrap, fas- cause, cause of action, cause pending, meritorious cause,
ten, grasp, hold, incarcerate, net, seize, snap up, snare, trial of a cause
spirit away, trap
CAUSE (Reason), noun agent, aim, allurement, base,
CATCHALL, noun container, depository, holder, re- basis, causa, causation, consideration, derivation, design,
ceiver, receptacle, repository determinative, end, enticement, factor, foundation, genera-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: catchall clause to a contract tor, genesis, goal, ground, impulse, incitement, induce-
ment, influence, instigation, intent, intention, mainspring,
CATCHWORD, noun adage, byword, catch phrase, motivation, motive, object, objective, origin, prompting,
clew, cliché, clue, colloquialism, common saying, cue word, purpose, rationale, root, source, spur, stimulant, stimula-
key, maxim, mot, password, pithy saying, saying, shibbo- tion, stimulus, temptation, underlying principle
leth, slogan, stock saying, tag, vogue word, watchword ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accidental cause, adequate cause,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: trademarks cause and consequence, cause and effect, cause for re-
moval, cause of death, cause of loss, cause of the injury,
CATEGORICAL, adjective absolute, apodictic, as- cause shown, challenge for cause, compelling cause, con-
sured, authoritative, beyond a shadow of doubt, beyond current cause, contributing cause, controlling cause, de-
all question, clear-cut, complete, conclusive, confident, pendent cause, direct cause, discharged for cause, domi-
convinced, convincing, decided, decisive, definite, nant cause, due cause, effective cause, efficient cause,
definitive, definitus, distinct, dogmatic, doubtless, em- external cause, for cause, good cause, immediate cause,
phatic, evidential, final, forceful, incontestable, incontro- independent cause, initial cause, intervening cause, just
vertible, indisputable, indubitable, inevitable, irrefraga- cause, justifiable cause, legal cause, meritorious cause,
ble, irrefutable, past dispute, positive, settled, simplex, natural cause, nature of the cause, originating cause, pri-
strong, total, ultimate, unambiguous, unassailable, un- mary cause, probable cause, proper cause, proximate
changeable, unconditional, unconditioned, uncontested, cause, reasonable cause, related concepts, remote cause,
undeniable, undisputed, unequivocal, unhesitating, un- removal for cause, resulting cause, show cause, sole cause,
mitigated, unqualified, unquestionable, unquestioning, sufficient cause, superseding intervening cause, superven-
vehement, without a shade of doubt, without appeal, ing cause, unforeseen cause, without cause, without just
without reserve cause

CATEGORY, noun bracket, class, classification, cluster, CAUSE, verb be responsible, be the author of, breed,
cubbyhole, department, division, family, genus, grade, bring, bring about, bring down, bring into existence, bring
group, kind, league, niche, order, organization, rank, sec- on, bring to pass, causa, compel, conduce to, contribute to,
tion, segment, selection, set, specialty, species, specifica- contrive, create, cultivate, develop, direct, effect, effectu-
tion, subclass, subdivision, tier, title, type, unit, variety ate, elicit, engender, engineer, evoke, foment, generate,
give occasion for, give origin to, give rise to, inaugurate,
CATHARSIS, noun abreaction, acting out, deliverance, incite, induce, influence, initiate, inspire, institute, launch,
detersion, discharge of emotions, emotional release, outlet, lay the foundations, lead to, make, motivate, occasion,
purgation, purge, release, riddance, ventilation originate, precipitate, produce, prompt, provoke, sow the
seeds of, start, stimulate, superinduce
CAUCUS, noun assemblage, assemblée, assembly, at- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: causa causans, causa remota, causa
troupement, body of partisans, committee, conclave, con- sine qua non
course, conference, consultation, convention, convergence, FOREIGN PHRASES: Causa et origo est materia negotii. The
convocation, council, council meeting, discussion, fore- cause and its origin are the essence of a transaction. Causa
gathering, gathering, ingathering, mass meeting, meet, proxima non remota spectatur. The direct and not the re-
meeting, meeting of political leaders, policy-fixing meet- mote cause is regarded. Causa vaga et incerta non est
ing, political confluence, pourparler, rally, session, subcom- causa rationabilis. A vague and uncertain cause is not a
mittee, summit, top-level meeting reasonable cause. Cessante causa, cessat effectus. The
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: congressional caucas, legislative cause ceasing, the effect ceases. Effectus sequitur causam.
caucus The effect follows the cause. Eventus est qui ex causa se-
quitur; et dicitur eventus quia ex causis evenit. An event
CAUSAL, adjective causative, compelling, conductive, is that which follows from the cause, and is called an “event”
constitutive, creative, determinant, determinative, effec- because it eventuates from causes. Malum non habet effi-
tive, effectual, formative, generating, generative, inception, cientem, sed deficientem, causam. Evil has not an effi-
inducing, influential, institutive, instrumental, originating, cient, but a deficient, cause. Scire proprie est rem ratione
originative, productive et per causam cognoscere. To know properly is to know a
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: causal connection, causal negligence, thing by its cause and its reason. Ubi lex aliquem cogit
causal relationship ostendere causam, necesse est quod causa sit justa et

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legitima. Where the law compels a man to show cause, it is CAUTION, verb admonish, advise against, apprise, be
necessary that the cause be just and legal. Causae dotis, vigilant, communicate to, counsel, dissuade, exhort, exhort to
vitae, libertatis, fisci, sunt inter favorabilia in lege. take heed, forearm, foreshow, forewarn, give advice, give fair
Causes of dower, life, liberty, revenue are among the things warning, give intimation of impending evil, give notice,
favored in law. give warning, give warning of possible harm, inform, make
aware, monere, notify of danger, persuade against, precau-
CAUSE-IN-FACT, noun actual cause, causation, deri- tion, predict, prenotify, prepare for the worst, prescribe,
vation, immediate legal basis, sufficiently legal basis, suf- presignify, prewarn, put on guard, remonstrate, serve notice,
ficiently legal cause, sufficiently legal factor, sufficiently sound the alarm, spell danger, take precautions, urge, warn
legal genesis, sufficiently legal inducement, sufficiently ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: due caution, ordinary caution, un-
legal source usual caution
FOREIGN PHRASES: Abundans cautela non nocet. Extreme
CAUSE OF ACTION, noun action, action at law, basis caution does no harm.
for relief, cause, claim, claim for relief, demand, enforceable
claim, ground, issue, just claim, lawful cause, legal asser- CAUTIOUS, adjective advertent, analytical, attentive,
tion, reason for legal pursuit, reason for relief, reasonable calculating, careful, circumspect, concerned, conscientious,
claim, redressible wrong, right, right of action, right of re- conservative, considerate, deliberate, detailed, guarded,
covery, right to relief heedful, judicious, methodical, painstaking, provident, pru-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accrual of a cause of action, capacity to dent, regardful, safe, slow, systematic, thoughtful, vigilant,
institute a cause of action, collateral estoppel, derivative wary, watchful
cause of action, facts giving rise to a cause of action, facts ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: criminal intent, malice
sufficient to constitute a cause of action, inconsistent claims,
joint interest in a cause of action, limitation of actions, meri- CAVEAT, noun admonishment, admonition, advance
torious cause of action, relief splitting a cause of action, res notice, advisement, alert, announcement, augury, bode-
judicata, venue ment, caution, communication, direction, foretoken, fore-
warning, implication, indication, instruction, lesson, moni-
CAUSEWAY, noun acceleration lane, access road, tion, notice, notification, order, portendance, portendment,
agger, approach road, arterial, arterial highway, artery, av- portention, prefiguration, premonition, prewarning, telling,
enue, by-passage, causey, concourse, crossroad, drive, warning, warning sign
driveway, express, express highway, expressway, freeway, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: caveat emptor, caveat venditor
highroad, highway, lane, motor road, motorway, parkway,
paved road, paved way, post road, raised path, raised CAVEAT EMPTOR, noun at one’s own risk, purchase
road, road, roadway, service road, side road, speed track, without a guaranty, purchase without a warranty, pur-
speedway, state highway, street, superhighway, thorough- chased at one’s risk, unassured purchase, uncovenanted
fare, through road, thruway, trunk road, turnpike purchase, unendorsed purchase, unguaranteed purchase,
unwarranted purchase
CAUSTIC, adjective abrasive, abrupt, acerbus, acrid,
acrimonious, acute, astringent, austere, biting, brash, burn- CAVIL, verb attack, belittle, calumniari, carp, carpere, cen-
ing, corroding, corrosive, cruel, curt, cutting, derisive, de- sure frivolously, complain frivolously, condemn, criticize frivo-
risory, envenomed, erosive, excorciating, excruciating, lously, decry, denigrate, denounce, deprecate, deride, disap-
harsh, hurtful, insulting, invidious, irritating, lashing, ma- prove, discredit, disparage frivolously, faultfind, find fault with,
levolent, malicious, malignant, mocking, mordacious, haggle, object frivolously, protest frivolously, raise frivolous
mordax, mordent, piercing, pungent, pyrotic, rancorous, objection to, raise objections frivolously, raise specious objec-
rude, scalding, severe, sharp, short, stinging, tart, tor- tion to, reprehend, ridicule irresponsibly, upbraid, vellicare
menting, tortuous, trenchant, ungentle, unkind, venom-
ous, virulent CEASE, verb abate, abrogate, abstain from, adjourn,
annul, arrest, be all over, be at an end, be silent, become
CAUSTIC, adjective accusing, acrimonious, argumen- void, bring to an end, cancel, cause to halt, check, close,
tative, attacking, belligerent, blaming, cantankerous, cap- come to a close, come to a standstill, come to an end,
tious, caustic, charging, combative, contentious, contrary, conclude, consummate, culminate, desinere, desist, desist-
contumacious, factious, hostile, implausible, irrational, ludi- ere, discontinue, draw to a close, drop, end, expire, extin-
crous, mean, nasty, nonsensical, obnoxious, odious, offen- guish, finish, forbear, get through, give over, halt, hold off,
sive, outrageous, perverse, preposterous, pugnacious, re- intermit, interrupt, lapse, leave off, make an end of, pause,
calcitrant, ridiculous, unreasonable, wrangling put a stop to, put an end to, quell, quit, refrain, relinquish,
remain, run its course, stanch, stay, stem, stop, stop work,
CAUTION (Vigilance), noun attention, attentiveness, surcease, suspend, terminate, vacate, withdraw
care, carefulness, cautio, circumspection, concern, consci- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: cease and desist order, cease doing
entiousness, consideration, cura, diligence, exactitude, ex- business, cease from occupying, cease to act, cease to do
actness, forethought, guardedness, heed, heedfulness, business
meticulousness, mindfulness, prudence, prudentia, regard, FOREIGN PHRASES: Cessante causa, cessat effectus. When
thoroughness, wariness, watchfulness the cause ceases, the effect ceases. Cessante ratione
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: due caution, ordinary caution legis, cessat et ipsa lex. The reason of the law ceasing, the
law itself also ceases.
CAUTION (Warning), noun admonition, alarm, alert,
augury, caveat, exhortation, foreboding, foretelling, fore- CEDE, verb abalienate, abandon, abdicate, abjure, ac-
warning, monition, notice, omen, portent, precursor, pre- cede, alienate, assign, bequeath, concede, concedere, confer,
figuration, presage, prognosis, prognostic consign, convey, deed, deliver, devolve, dismiss, donate,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: cautionary instructions give, give away, give up, give up claim to, grant, part with,

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quitclaim, release, relinquish, remise, render, renounce, re- CENSORSHIP, noun abolition, abridgment, bar, black-
nounce claim to, resign, sign away, submit, succumb, sur- out, block, blockage, blue-penciling, bowdlerization, can-
render, tender, transfer, transmit, turn over, vouchsafe, yield cellation, control, curb, deprivation, elimination, expurga-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: cede jurisdiction, cede territory tion, forbidding, governmental control, hindrance,
impediment, imposition of veil of secrecy, inhibition, limita-
CEILING, noun acme, altitude, apex, apogee, climax, tion, news blackout, obliteration, prohibition, repression,
culmination, extreme, extremity, farthest point, height, high- restraint, restriction, rigid control, seal of secrecy, stifling,
est degree, highest point, limit, maximum, optimum, peak, suppression
pinnacle, record, roof, summit, tectum, top, ultimate, utmost, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: censorship of books, censorship of
utmost extent, utmost height, uttermost, vertex, zenith films, censorship of First Amendment rights, censorship of
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: maximum income ceiling, maximum mail, censorship of the theatre
rent ceiling
CENSURE, verb administer a rebuke, admonish, ani-
CELEBRATE (Praise), verb acclaim, adore, applaud, madvert upon, assail, attack, berate, blame, bring into dis-
award, cheer, commemorate, commend, compliment, con- credit, cast a reproach, cast a slur upon, cast blame upon,
secrate, deify, flatter, glorify, hail, honor, idolize, jubilate, cast reflection upon, castigate, chastise, chide, condemn,
laud, memorialize, observe, praise, proclaim, publicize, rec- declaim against, decry, denigrate, denounce, denunciate,
ognize, recommend, renown, resound, revere, rhapsodize, deprecate, depreciate, descant, disapprove, disparage,
salute, tout dispraise, exclaim against, excoriate, execrate, expostulate,
expurgate, find fault with, fronder, fulminate against, hold
CELEBRATE (To have fun), verb enjoy, entertain, expe- up to execration, hold up to reprobation, impugn, inveigh
rience pleasure, give a function, give a party, give an event, against, not speak well of, objurgate, raise a hue and cry
hold a function, hold an event, party, rejoice in, relish, revel against, rebuff, rebuke, recriminate, remonstrate, repre-
in, savor, take joy in, take pleasure in, thrill to hend, reprehendere, reprimand, reproach, reprobate, re-
prove, speak ill of, upbraid, view with disfavor, vilipend,
CELEBRITY, noun acclaim, adoration, character, emi- vituperare
nence, esteem, fame, famous distinction, famous status, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: censure for improper conduct, cen-
glory, grandeur, greatness, high regard, idolization, impor- sure for prejudicial conduct, letter of admonition, reprimand
tance, magnanimity, majesty, name, nobility, notability,
notoriety, person of notoriety, personality, popularity, pre- CENSUS, noun account, calculation, census, ciphering,
eminence, prestige, prominence, rank, recognition, re- computation, count, counting, demography, enumeration,
nown, repute, significance, star status, stardom, status evaluation, figure-work, figures, figuring, list, listing, mea-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: entertainment law surement, numbering, numeration, official count, official
enumeration of inhabitants, official enumeration of the
CELL (Enemy combatants), noun enemy group, ex- population, official reckoning, official registration, poll,
tremist group, extremists, incendiaries, insurgents, rebel reckoning, recount, registering, registration, score, state-
organization, revolutionaries, saboteurs, subversives, un- ment, statistical inquiry, statistics, supputation, tables, tabu-
derground extremists lation, tally, valuation, vital statistics
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: enemy combatants, justice courts, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: federal census, representation based
military tribunals, Patriotic Act, prison cells, sleeper cell, ter- upon the last census
rorism, terrorist cell
CENTER (Central position), noun axis, center of gravity,
CELL (Jail), noun cage, cella, chamber, compartment, central point, convergence, converging point, core, epicen-
confined room, confinement, cubicle, cubiculum, enclosed ter, equidistance, eye, focal point, focus, focus of attention,
cage, incarceration, jailhouse, penitentiary, pound, prison, fulcrum, half distance, halfway, media pars, medius, middle,
prison house, small cavity, small room, solitary abode middle distance, middle point, middle position, midmost
point, midpoint, midst, point of convergence
CEMENT, verb accouple, adhere, affix, agglomerate, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: center lane, center line, center of
agglutinate, amalgamate, annex, attach, bind, braze, coagu- gravity, grouping of contacts doctrine
late, coalesce, cohere, combine, concrete, congeal, conglu-
tinare, conglutinate, conjoin, connect, consolidate, couple, CENTER (Essence), noun base, basis, bedrock, cardinal
crystallize, fasten, fix, fix together, fuse, glue, harden, hold point, central nature, chief part, constitutive principle, core,
together, incorporate, join, make firm, merge, mortar, put essential part, gist, gravamen, heart, hypostasis, important
together, secure, set, solder, solidify, stick, unite, weld part, inmost nature, inmost substance, inner reality, main
part, main point, nature, nucleus, pith, primary element,
CENSOR, verb ban, bar, blot out, bowdlerize, cancel, prime constituent, prime ingredient, principal part, quid,
censor, control, control the flow of news, cut, delete, disal- quiddity, quintessence, sine qua non, soul, substance, sum
low, disapprove, discountenance, dispense with, disqual- and substance, vital element, vital part
ify, eject, eliminate, enforce censorship, eradicate, erase,
exclude, expunge, expurgate, forbid, impose a ban, inhibit, CENTER OF ATTENTION, noun arena, center, center of
interfere, judge, keep within bounds, leave out, limit, not activity, center of attraction, center of focus, center of inter-
include, omit, oversee, pass under review, police, pre- est, central point, centrality, converging point, focal point,
clude, prevent, prevent publication, prohibit, proscribe, heart, hub, pivotal point, point of convergence
quash, refuse, refuse permission, reject, restrain, restrict,
review, rub out, scratch out, sift, submerge, supervise com- CENTER OF FOCUS, noun arena, center, center of ac-
munications, suppress, withhold permission tivity, center of attention, center of attraction, center of in-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: censorship, Federal Communications terest, central point, centrality, converging point, focal
Act point, heart, hub, pivotal point, point of convergence

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 CENTRAL

CENTRAL (Essential), adjective basal, basic, capital, final, fully convinced, guaranteed, inalterable, inappealable,
cardinal, chief, crucial, dominant, elemental, first, foremost, incommutable, incontestable, incontrovertible, inconvert-
foundational, fundamental, highly important, indispensable, ible, indefeasible, indestructible, indisputable, indubitable,
intrinsic, intrinsical, key, main, major, necessary, para- inerrant, inescapable, inevitable, inexorable, inextinguish-
mount, pivotal, primal, primary, principal, requisite, ruling, able, infallible, inflexible, invariable, inviolate, invulnerable,
significant, supreme, underlying, vital irreducible, irrefragable, irrefutable, irresistible, irresoluble,
irreversible, irrevocable, knowing, past dispute, persuaded,
CENTRAL (Situated near center), adjective center, cen- questionless, real, reliable, right, satisfied, secure, self-evi-
termost, centric, centrical, equidistant, focal, halfway, in- dent, settled, stated, sure, tangible, true to the facts, unal-
most, inner, medial, median, mesial, middle, middlemost, tered, unambiguous, unassailable, unavoidable, unchange-
midmost able, unconfuted, undeniable, undeviating, undisputed,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: central board of appeals, central fil- undoubted, undoubtful, undoubting, unequivocal, unerr-
ing, centralization center of gravity doctrine ing, unfailing, unhesitating, unimpeachable, unmistakable,
unqualified, unquestionable, unquestioned, unrefuted, un-
CENTRALIZATION, noun absorption, aggregation, al- shakable, unsusceptible of change, unvarying, unwavering,
liance, amalgamation, amassing, assembling, association, valid, veracious, verifiable, void of suspicion
bringing together, centering, centralism, coalescence, co- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: capable of being rendered certain
alescing, coalition, combination, compacting, compilation,
compression, concentralization, concentration, condensa- CERTAIN (Specific), adjective appropriate, ascertained,
tion, conglomeration, congregation, consolidation, conver- assigned, bounded, categorical, characteristic, choice, cir-
gence, converging, coordinate, focalization, fusion, gather- cumscribed, clear-cut, clearly defined, clearly stated, con-
ing together, grouping, incorporation, massing, merging, crete, definite, designated, determinate, distinct, distin-
narrowing, nucleation, organization, synthesis, systemati- guished, esoteric, especial, exact, exclusive, explicit,
zation, unification, union, unity express, expressed, fixed, individual, limited, marked,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: centralization of administration, cen- noteworthy, particular, peculiar, precise, prescribed,
tralization of government, decentralization quidam, respective, restricted, select, settled, singular,
special, specified, stated, well-defined
CENTRIST, adjective central, common, conservative,
fair, hands-off, impartial, independent, level-headed, CERTAINTY, noun absence of doubt, absolute confi-
middle ground, middle-of-the-road, moderate, neutral, dence, absoluteness, assurance, assuredness, authoritative-
nonaligned, nonpartisan, nonrevolutionary, rational, rea- ness, certification, certitude, certus, complete conviction,
sonable, sensible, traditional, unbiased, uninfluenced, conclusiveness, confidentness, conviction, corroboration,
unprejudiced definiteness, firmness, firmness of belief, inability to doubt,
incontestability, incontrovertibility, indisputability, indubita-
CEREMONY, noun caerimonia, celebration, commemo- bility, indubitableness, inerrability, inerrancy, inexorability,
ration, conventionality, festive occasion, festivity, formal oc- infallibility, irrefragability, irrefutability, knowledge, objec-
casion, formality, memorialization, observance, official re- tive certitude, positiveness, quality of being certain, ques-
ception, prescribed procedure, reception, rite, ritual, ritus, tionlessness, reassurance, reliability, secureness, security,
solemn observance, solemnity, solemnization, state occasion solidity, soundness, stability, substantiality, sure presump-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: ceremonial marriage, marriage cere- tion, sureness, surety, unconfutability, undeniability, unequiv-
monies, testimentary ceremonies ocalness, unimpeachability, unmistakability, unqualification,
unquestionability, unquestionableness, verification, warranty
CERTAIN (Fixed), adjective absolute, assured, at- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: absolute certainty, certainty to a com-
tested, certified, changeless, conclusive, confident, con- mon intent, moral certainty, proof to a reasonable certainty,
firmed, decided, decisive, definite, determinate, deter- reasonable certainty
mined, firm, guaranteed, incontestable, incontrovertible, FOREIGN PHRASES: Certum est quod certum reddi potest.
indisputable, indubitable, inescapable, inevitable, infallible, That is certain which is capable of being rendered certain.
irrefragable, irrefutable, official, positive, reliable, settled, Terminus annorum certus debet esse et determinatus.
stable, static, sure, unambiguous, unanswerable, unap- A term of years ought to be certain and determinate.
pealable, unavoidable, unchanging, undeniable, undis-
puted, unerring, unfailing, unmistakable, unpreventable, CERTIFICATE, noun affidavit, attestation, authentica-
unquestionable, unquestioned tion, authorization, certification, charter, covenant, creden-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: absolutely certain, capable of being tials, declaration, endorsement, guarantee, instrument,
rendered certain, certain powers and privileges, sum certain license, matter of record, muniment, official writing, paper,
testament, voucher, warrant, writ, written contract, written
CERTAIN (Particular), adjective certus, distinct, espe- evidence
cial, exact, exclusive, individual, marked, peculiar, precise, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: allotment certificate, certificate of au-
singular, special, specific, specified, unique thority, certificate of deposit, certificate of incorporation, cer-
tificate of indebtedness, certificate of occupancy, certificate of
CERTAIN (Positive), adjective absolute, actual, ascer- probable cause, certificate of public convenience and neces-
tained, assertive, assured, attested, authoritative, avoid- sity, certificate of reasonable doubt, certificate of stock, cer-
less, axiomatic, beyond a shadow of doubt, beyond all tificate under seal, death certificate, demand certificate, land
dispute, beyond all question, capable of proof, certified, certificate, marriage certificate
certus, changeless, clear, clear-cut, clearly known, cogni-
zant, conclusive, concrete, confident, consistent, con- CERTIFICATION (Attested copy), noun affirmation, as-
vinced, correct, credulous, decided, decisive, definite, de- surance, attestation, attesting declaration, authenticated
monstrable, demonstrated, dependable, distinct, doubtless, confirmation, authentification, authoritative attestation,
ensured, established, evident, evidential, existing, factual, avouchment, confirmation, corroboration, declaration,

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 CHAIN OF CUSTODY

documentary evidence, documentation, endorsement, evi- irrefragability, irrefutability, irrevocability, moral certainty,
dence, instrument of proof, legal pledge, proof, ratification, objective certainty, positiveness, sure assumption, sure
reassurance, reassurement, solemn declaration, statement, presumption, sureness, surety, unambiguity, undeniability,
substantiation, support, swearing, sworn evidence, testifica- unequivocalness, unimpeachability, unquestionableness
tion, testimony, validation, verification, written evidence ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: proof beyond a reasonable doubt
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: audited and paid, certification of loss
reserves, certification of stock, certified, certified according to CESSATION (Interlude), noun abeyance, adjournment,
law, certified check, false certification, fraudulent certification armistice, arrest, break, ceasing, cloture, delay, desistance,
discontinuance, discontinuation, dormancy, embolium,
CERTIFICATION (Certainness), noun absolute cer- halt, hiatus, inaction, inactivity, interim, intermediate time,
tainty, absolute confidence, ascertained fact, ascertainment, intermissio, intermission, interregnum, interruption, inter-
assurance, assuredness, authoritativeness, certain knowl- val, intervening episode, intervening period, intervening
edge, certainty, certitude, complete conviction, conclusive space, intervening time, lapse, latency, lull, moratorium,
proof, conclusiveness, confidence, conviction, dependabil- pause, pendency, postponement, procrastination, quies-
ity, freedom from error, incontestability, incontrovertibility, cence, remission, respite, rest, standstill, stay, stop, sus-
indisputability, indubitability, indubitable fact, inerrancy, pension, temporary inaction, truce, wait
inevitableness, infallibility, irrefragability, irrefutability,
knowledge, matter of fact, objective certainty, positive fact, CESSATION (Termination), noun abandonment, climax,
positiveness, proof, reliability, reliableness, rigorous proof, close, closing, closure, completion, conclusion, consumma-
sureness, trustworthiness, unambiguity, unimpeachability, tion, curtain, dénouement, determination, dissolution, end,
unquestionability, unquestionableness, utter reliability ending, expiration, finale, finis, finish, fulfillment, intermissio,
issue, outcome, realization, retirement, stoppage, surcease,
CERTIFICATION (Certification of proficiency), noun af- terminus
firmance, authority, authorization, citation, confirmation, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: cessation of business, cessation of
copy, credential, credentials, declaration, documentation, hostilities, cessation of occupation, cessation of possession,
entitlement, indorsement, letter of recognition, license, rec- cessation of work
ognition
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: certification to practice law CESSION, noun abalienation, allowance, assignment,
award, bestowal, concession, conveyance, delivery, dis-
CERTIFY (Approve), verb accede to, accept, accord, posal, disposition, donation, gift, giving up, giving up claim
accord one’s approval, accredit, acknowledge, admit, to, grant, handing over, nonretention, parting with, presen-
agree, agree to, allow, assent, assent to, authorize, charter, tation, release, relinquishing claim to, relinquishment, res-
coincide, concur, concur in, confirm, confirm officially, con- ignation, submittal, surrender, transfer, waiver, yielding
sent, countenance, empower, endorse, entitle, establish,
give assent, give clearance, give consent, give permission, CHAGRIN, noun acrimony, aggrievement, bitterness,
indorse, legalize, license, make valid, permit, pronounce dejection, desolation, despondency, discontent, disgruntle-
legal, ratify, sanction, uphold, validate, yield assent ment, dismay, displeasure, disquiet, dissatisfaction, dis-
tress, dreariness, enmity, exasperation, frustration, gloom,
CERTIFY (Attest), verb acknowledge, advance, advocate, irritation, melancholy, misery, peevishness, perturbation,
affirm, affirm explicitly, affirm in an official capacity, allege, remorse, resentment, sadness, sorrow, unease
assert, assert formally, assert oneself, assert positively, assert
under oath, asseverate, assure, attest, authenticate, aver, CHAIN (Nexus), noun act of coming together, act of
avouch, avow, be sworn, bear out, bear witness, bear witness coupling, act of joining, act of uniting, affiliation, affinity,
to, bring forward, claim, confess, confirm, confirm as correct, alliance, association, attachment, attraction, bond, bond of
confirmare, convenant, corroborate, countersign, declare the union, bridge, conjunction, connectedness, connecting link,
truth of, declare to be true, deliver as one’s act and deed, connecting medium, connection, correlation, interconnec-
depone, depose, document, endorse, ensure, evidence, tion, intermedium, interrelation, junction, kinship, liaison,
evince, execute, fortify, give a guarantee, give one’s word, ligament, ligature, link, linkage, privity, relatedness, rela-
guarantee, guaranty, insist, insure, issue a statement, make tion, relationship, relativity, tie, union
absolute, make certain, make one’s oath, make sure, pro-
claim, pronounce, ratify, reaffirm, reassure, reinsure, set CHAIN (Series), noun array, catena, catenation, classifica-
one’s hand and seal to, solemnly affirm, state emphatically, tion, concatenation, connected series, consecution, constant
state with conviction, stress, sustain, swear, swear an affida- flow, continuity, cordon, gradation, line, links, order, proces-
vit, take one’s oath, testify, utter with conviction, validate, sion, progression, range, round, row, run, scale, sequence,
verify, vouch, vouch for, vouch for as genuine, warrant series, set, succession, suit, suite, train, unbroken line, vinculum
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: certification of pleadings ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: chain of causation, chain of circum-
stances, chain of custody, chain of title
CERTIORARI, noun appeal to a higher court, applica-
tion for retrial, course of law, legal procedure, legal process CHAIN OF CUSTODY, noun complete administration,
custodianship, guardianship, preservation, preservation
CERTITUDE, noun absolute certainty, absoluteness, from harm, preservation from injury, proper accounting,
ascertained fact, assurance, assuredness, attestation, cer- proper administration, proper archiving, proper care,
tainness, certainty, certainty of meaning, conclusiveness, proper cataloging, proper documentation, proper record-
confidence, confidentness, conviction, dead certainty, defi- ing, proper records and management, proper registration,
niteness, freedom from error, incontestability, incontro- protection, safe case and control, safeguard, safekeeping,
vertibility, indisputability, indubitability, indubitable fact, stewardship, trusteeship
indubitableness, inerrability, inerrancy, inevitableness, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: appropriation, care and possession,
inexorability, infallibilism, infallibility, infallibleness, search and seizure

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 CHAIN OF EVIDENCE

CHAIN OF EVIDENCE, noun enemy group, extremist CHAMPION (Supporter), noun abettor, adherent, ad-
group, extremists, incendiaries, insurgents, rebel organi- vocate, apostle, applauder, backer, cheerleader, cohort,
zation, revolutionaries, saboteurs, subversives, under- confederate, defender, disciple, encourager, enthusiast, es-
ground extremists pouser, exponent, extremist, friend, loyalist, partisan, pro-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: enemy combatants, justice courts, ponent, sponsor, stalwart, sympathizer, zealot
military tribunals, Patriotic Act, prison cells, sleeper cell,
terrorism, terrorist cell CHAMPION (Winner), noun award winner, celebrity,
conqueror, finest contender, first, hero, master, medalist,
CHAIRMAN, noun chair, conductor, director, head, number one, numero uno, popular figure, preeminent figure,
headman, key man, leader, master of ceremonies, modera- prizewinner, recordbreaker, star, titleholder, vanquisher, victor
tor, monitor, overseer, person in authority, presider, presid-
ing officer, principal, qui conventui praeest, speaker, super- CHANCE (Fortuity), noun advantage, befalling, casus,
visor, symposiarch circumstance, event, favorable time, fortuitousness, good
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: chairman of a committee, chairman fortune, happening, occasion, opening, suitable circum-
of the board of directors stance, time
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: arise by chance, last clear chance
CHALLENGE, noun appeal, confront, confute, contradict,
controvert, defy, denounce, differ, disagree, disapprove, dis- CHANCE (Possibility), noun aptitude, attainability, bare
pute, dissent, enter an appeal, initiative, menace, negate, possibility, conceivability, conceivableness, contingency,
object to, oppose, opposition, protest, raise a question, raise favorable prospect, hope, imaginability, indeterminacy, in-
objections, reject, remonstrate, repudiate, resist, show reluc- determinateness, liability, likelihood, possibleness, poten-
tance, stand up against, take exception to, threaten, wrangle tial, potentiality, probability, prospect, spes, uncertainty,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: challenge an award of a bid, chal- unexpectedness, unpredictability
lenge an opponent, challenge to the law ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: chance verdict, games of chance
FOREIGN PHRASES: Casus fortuitus non est supponendus.
CHALLENGE, verb ad pugnam provocare, affront, ap- A chance happening is not to be presumed. Casus fortui-
peal, argue, bid defiance to, call out, call to answer, combat tus non est sperandus, et nemo tenetur devinare.
an opinion, confront, confute, contradict, controvert, cry out A chance happening is not to be expected, and no one is
against, debate, defy, denounce, differ, disagree, disap- bound to foresee it.
prove, dispute, dissent, enter a protest, hurl defiance at, in-
vite competition, invite to contest, menace, negate, nega- CHANCE HAPPENING, noun accident, blunder, bun-
tive, object to, oppose, protest, quarrel, query, question, gle, chance good fortune, chance misfortune, chance occur-
raise a question, raise objections, raise one’s voice against, rence, error, fluke, fortuity, lucky situation, miscalculation,
reject, remonstrate, repudiate, resist, say no, show reluc- misconception, misinterpretation, misjudgment, misread-
tance, stand up against, take exception to, threaten, wrangle ing, misunderstanding, one in a lifetime occurrence, ran-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: challenge for cause, challenge jurisdic- dom achievement, random luck, random mistake, random
tion, challenge of ownership, challenge to a finding of a lower success, stroke of bad luck, stroke of misfortune
court, challenge to a grand jury’s composition, challenge to
sufficiency of pleading, challenge to the array, challenge to CHANGE, verb adapt, adjust, alter, be converted, be in-
the panel, challenge to the venire, preemptory challenge constant, be irresolute, convert, convertere in, deviate, dis-
place, diverge, evolve, exchange, fluctuate, give in ex-
CHAMBER (Body), noun aggregation, assemblée, as- change, go through phases, immutare, innovate, interchange,
sembly, bench, bench of judges, board, body of judges, make a transition, make different, make over, metamor-
cabinet, caucus, collocation, committee, confederacy, con- phose, modify, modulate, permute, put in the place of, re-
federation, conflux, congress, constituency, convocation, cast, recondition, reconstruct, reform, regenerate, remake,
council, court, federation, forum, gathering, group, ingath- reorganize, replace, resolve into, restyle, revise, revive,
ering, institute, judicial branch, judicial department, judica- revolutionize, show phases, subrogate, substitute, switch,
tory, law-making body, lawmakers, league, legislative switch around, transfigure, transform, transmogrify, trans-
body, legislature, mass, meeting, members of the bar, or- mute, transubstantiate, turn from, turn into, variegate, vary
ganization, panel, panel of judges, parliament, plenum, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: additions and alterations, change in
representatives, session, society, tribunal, union circumstances, change in conditions, change in occupancy,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: chamber of commerce change in ownership, change in title, change of address,
change of beneficiary, change of domicile, change of du-
CHAMBER (Compartment), noun alcove, antecham- ties, change of name, change of ownership, change of par-
ber, anteroom, apartment, box, camera, cell, chambre, ties, change of position, change of possession, change of
closet, court, cubicle, cubiculum, den, division, enclosure, venue, immaterial change, major change, minor change,
hall, hold, hollow, hollow place, lodging, meeting hall, of- permanent change, proposed change
fice, parlor, pars interior, partitioned space, reception room,
retreat, room, salle, section, separate part, sitting room, CHANNEL (Avenue), noun arrangement, conduit, course,
stall, stateroom, thalamus duct, expedient, facility, forum, instrument, instrumentality,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: chambers of the court, judicial cham- means, medium, method, mode, outlet, passage, path, pro-
bers, legislative chambers cedure, process, scheme, set up, strategy, tool, way

CHAMPION (Miserly), adjective abstemious, avari- CHANNEL (Navigable water), noun body of water,
cious, brummagem, budget, circumspect, economical, fru- canal, gully, moat, navigable river, navigable stream, stream,
gal, meager, meretricious, miserly, paltry, parsimonious, trench, trough, water, waterway
penurious, provident, prudent, saving, scrimpy, spare, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: navigable waters of the U.S.
Spartan, stingy, tight, tightfisted Navigation Acts

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 CHARGE

CHAOS, noun agitation, anarchy, bedlam, commotion, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: characteristic of and peculiar to busi-
confusion, convulsion, disarray, discomposure, discord, ness of an employer, characteristic of work performed by an
disorder, disorderliness, disunion, embroilment, entangle- employee
ment, ferment, flurry, fracas, furor, havoc, imbroglio, inco-
herence, irregularity, misrule, mob rule, muddle, pandemo- CHARACTERIZE, verb classify, construe, delineate, de-
nium, panic, perturbation, racket, riot, shambles, stir, storm, pict, descend to particulars, describe, designare, detail, dia-
tempest, tumult, turbulence, turmoil, unrest, unruliness, gram, differentiate, distinguish, draw, elucidate, exemplify,
upheaval, uproar, upset express precisely, formalize, give an account of, give precise
meaning to, give the details of, identify, illustrate, individual-
CHAOTIC, adjective aimless, anarchical, askew, awry, ize, individuate, interpret, make apparent, make clear, make
complex, confused, discordant, disordered, disorganized, vivid, mark, mark off, notare, outline, personify, picture,
fermenting, formless, frantic, frenzied, furious, haphazard, portray, profile, reflect, render precise, represent, set apart,
mixed-up, muddled, raging, scattered, shapeless, stormy, set forth the character of, specify, specify the peculiarities of
tempestuous, tumultuous, turbulent, unmethodical, unre-
strained, unorganized, unruly, unsystematic, untidy CHARGE (Accusation), noun accusatio, allegation, ar-
raignment, attack, blame, castigation, censure, citation,
CHAPTER (Branch), noun affiliate, associate, branch complaint, condemnation, count, countercharge, crimen,
member, branch office, bureau, component, department, crimination, delation, denouncement, denunciation, disap-
division, local, local office, lodge, member, office, organ, probation, formal complaint, impeachment, imputation, in-
section, subdivision, subsidiary crimination, inculpation, indictment, information, insinua-
tion, objurgation, plaint, presentment, recrimination,
CHAPTER (Division), noun article, caput, clause, col- reproach, reproof, summons
umn, component, fragment, head, heading, paragraph, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: charge of a crime, charges of miscon-
part, partition, passage, phrase, portion, section, sector, duct, criminal charge, indictment, offense charged, specifi-
segment, separate part, subdivision, subgroup cally charged
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: chapter 10 reorganization, para-
graphs, sections CHARGE (Command), noun call, commandment, com-
mission, dictate, direction, imperative, imposition, injunc-
CHARACTER (An individual), noun being, body, figure, tion, instruction, mandate, mandatum, order, precept,
human, human being, man, mortal, party, person, personage, proclamation, request, requirement, requisition, subpoena,
personality, self-determined being, somebody, someone summons, ultimatum, writ
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: charge with responsibility
CHARACTER (Personal quality), noun animus, aspects,
attribute, bent, characteristic mood, constitution, description, CHARGE (Cost), noun assessment, debit, disbursement,
disposition, dominant quality, essence, essential part, essen- due, dues, exaction, exactment, expenditure, expense, fee,
tial quality of one’s nature, essentialness, ethos, features, obligation, outlay, payment, pecuniary burden, pretium,
fiber, frame of mind, grain, inclination, individualism, individu- price, quotation, rate, rent, tax, toll, valuation, value, worth
ality, ingenium, inherited characteristics, inner nature, intel- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: charge against an estate, chargeback,
lect, intrinsicality, intrinsicalness, kind, leaning, makeup, charge-off, charging lien, deferred charges, minimum charge
manner, marked traits, mental and spiritual makeup, mettle,
mold, moral qualities, mores, natura, natural turn of mind, CHARGE (Custody), noun administration, auspices,
nature, peculiarity, personal traits, personality, predilection, care, chaperonage, concern, control, curare, custodia, en-
prime ingredients, proclivity, proneness, propension, pro- trusted cause, entrusted object, guardianship, guidance,
pensity, proprietas, psychological habits, qualities, quiddity, jurisdiction, keeping, object of responsibility, patronage,
quintessence, slant, striking qualities, style, substantiality, protection, safekeeping, superintendence, supervision,
susceptibility, temper, temperament, tendency, tone, trait trust, trusteeship, tutela, tutelage, ward, wardship, watch

CHARACTER (Reputation), noun celebrity, credit, defer- CHARGE (Lien), noun accountability, bond, burden,
ence, distinction, eminence, esteem, estimation, existimatio, claim on property, commitment, debenture, duty, encum-
fama, fame, grandeur, high reward, honor, locus standi, brance, guarantee, guaranty, hold on property, hypotheca-
name, nobility, notability, notice, notoriety, notoriousness, tion, indebtedness, liability, obligation, pecuniary burden,
opinio, place, popular favor, popularity, position, position in pignus judiciale, pledge, real security, right to dispose of
society, preeminence, prestige, prominence, public esteem, property, security, security on property, tie, vadium mor-
publicly recognized standing, recognition, regard, renown, tuum, vadium vivum
reputableness, repute, respect, respectability, standing, sta- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: charging lien, incumbrance
tion, status
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: character evidence, character witness CHARGE (Responsibility), noun accountability, account-
ableness, allegiance, appointment, assignment, burden,
CHARACTERISTIC, noun aspect, attribute, cast, consti- commitment, engagement, function, imperative duty, ines-
tution, differentia, differential, distinction, distinctive feature, capable duty, mission, obligation, one’s duty, responsible-
distinguishing trait, essence, essential part, feature, humor, ness, sense of duty, task, undertaking
idiocrasy, idiosyncrasy, immanence, inclination, individuality, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: public charge
inherence, inhersion, leaning, liability, makeup, mannerism,
marked feature, marked quality, nature, particularity, peculiar CHARGE (Statement to the jury), noun address to the jury,
idiom, peculiarity, penchant, personal equation, point of dif- adjuration, admonition, advice, declamation, definitions on
ference, predilection, proclivity, proneness, propensity, the law, details on the law, direction, discourse, disquisition,
property, proprietas, quality, quintessence, speciality, spe- exhortation, guidance, instructions, lecture, legal instructions
cialty, specific quality, tendency, trait, type, uniqueness ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: charge to the jury

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CHARGE (Accuse), verb accusare, arguere, arraign, at- corporation, charter of a municipal corporation, charter of
tack, blame, bring accusation, censure, challenge, cite, an association, corporate charter, county charter, municipal
complain against, condemn, criminate, denounce, denunci- charter, partnership charter, reform a charter, repeal of a
ate, expostulate, file a claim, hold responsible, impute, in- charter, special charter, state charter
criminate, inculpate, indict, issue a writ, lay responsibility
upon, lodge a complaint, put the blame on, recriminate, CHARTER (License), noun authority, certificate, certifi-
reprehend, stigmatize cate of permission, dispensation, express permission,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: charged with crime grant, imprimatur, instrument, muniment, official docu-
ment, patent, permit, written permission
CHARGE (Assess), verb appraise, assess a tax upon, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: chartered bank, chartered by law,
assess pro rata, assign, assign one’s share to, bill, compute, expiration of a charter, renewal of a charter
demand payment, dun, estimate, exact, fix a charge, fix the
price at, give a final notice, impose, incur a debt, invoice, CHARTER (Sanction), noun acceptance, acknowledg-
lay a duty upon, levy, make claims upon, present an ultima- ment, acquiescence, admission, allowance, approval,
tum, present one’s claim, pricing, prorate, rate, send a final assent, authority, authorization, concurrence, confirma-
demand, tax, value tion, consent, countenance, delegation, empowerment,
endorsement, enfranchisement, entitlement, franchise,
CHARGE (Empower), verb appoint, assign, authorize, au- grant, leave, liberty, license, permission, permit, pragmatic
thorize formally, commission, confer power on, delegate, del- sanction, privilege, ratification, recognition, sufferance,
egate authority to, deputize, emper, enable, endow, endow support, tolerance, toleration, vested right
the power, engage, entrust, give authority to, give power to, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: chartered by the law
grant, invest the power, invest with authoritative power, make
able, mission, nominate, permit, put in care of, warrant CHASE, verb endeavor to overtake, follow, go after, go
in pursuit of, go in quest of, hunt, pursue, run after, run in
CHARGE (Instruct on the law), verb admonish, advise, pursuit, search, seek, track, trail, try to overtake
caution, counsel, detail the law, direct, exhort, give advice,
give suggestions to, guide, inform, instruct, offer counsel, CHATTEL, noun asset, belonging, commodity, effect,
point out, prepare, prescribe the law, press advice on, pro- equipment, fortune, holding, movable article of property,
pose legal instructions, recommend points of law, suggest, movables, personal effect, personalty, possession, prop-
suggest conclusions of law, urge erty, resource, trapping, valuable
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: charging a jury ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: action to recover a chattel, chattel
interest, chattel mortgage, chattel trust, chattels real, con-
CHARITABLE (Benevolent), adjective almsgiving, altru- veyance of a chattel, household chattels, lien upon a chat-
istic, beneficent, beneficus, benignus, bounteous, eleemosy- tel, personal chattels, personal property
nary, freehanded, generous, giving, gracious, greathearted, FOREIGN PHRASES: Catalla juste possessa amitti non pos-
liberal, magnanimous, munificent, openhanded, philan- sunt. Chattels justly possessed cannot be lost. Catalla
thropic, princely, unselfish, unsparing, unstinting reputantur inter minima in lege. Chattels are considered
in law of lesser importance.
CHARITABLE (Lenient), adjective accommodating,
acquiescent, beneficent, benevolent, benign, benignant, CHEAP, adjective bargain, cut-price, deficient, deplor-
clement, compliant, condoning, considerate, empathetic, able, flimsy, imperfect, inadequate, inexpensive, inferior,
exorable, forbearing, forgiving, free from vindictiveness, insubstantial, low-end, poor, shoddy, slipshod, unfavorable,
gracious, helpful, humane, humanitarian, kind, kindhearted, unsatisfactory
liberal, liberalis, merciful, obliging, patient, permitting, sen-
sitive, soft, softhearted, sympathetic, sympathizing, tem- CHEAT, verb act dishonestly, be cunning, be dishonest,
perate, tolerant, understanding, warm, yielding befool, beguile, betray, break faith, commit breach of trust,
cozen, deceive, defalcate, defraud, deprive of dishonestly,
CHARITY, noun active giving, aid, almsgiving, altruism, dissemble, dupe, embezzle, fraudare, ignore ethics, invei-
assistance, backing, benefaction, beneficentia, benevolence, gle, lack honesty, obtain money by false pretenses, pecu-
benevolentness, bestowal, bounteousness, bountifulness, late, pettifog, play false, practice chicanery, practice fraud,
clemency, considerateness, consideration, contribution, do- prevaricate, purloin, represent falsely, sharp, swindle
nation, dotation, endowment, generosity, generous giving, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: cheating by false weights and mea-
gift, good will, grace, grant, help, hospitality, humaneness, sures, false pretenses, larceny
humanitarianism, humanity, kindness, liberalitas, liberal-
ness, magnanimity, munificence, patronage, philanthropic CHECK (Bar), noun abeyance, arrest, barricade, barrier,
gift, philanthropy, relief, support, unselfishness, willing help block, blockage, cessation, checkmate, control, curb,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: charitable and benevolent institution, damper, deadlock, deadstop, delay, detainment, detention,
charitable association, charitable bequest, charitable contri- disruption, drawback, embargo, estoppel, foil, frustration,
butions, charitable corporation, charitable enterprise, chari- full stop, halt, hindrance, impediment, impedimentum,
table gift, charitable institution, charitable organization, impedition, injunction, interference, interruption, limitation,
charitable purposes, charitable trusts, charitable use mora, obstacle, obstruction, opposition, preclusion, prohi-
bition, proscription, rebuff, regulation, rejection, restraint,
CHARTER (Declaration of rights), noun announcement, restriction, retardation, retardment, standstill, stop, stop-
constitution, decree, official announcement, proclamation, page, stopper, suspension, trammel
promulgation, pronouncement, public announcement,
public statement, publication, writing CHECK (Instrument), noun bank paper, banknote, bill,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: amendment of a charter, amendment bill of exchange, certificate, commercial instrument, com-
to a charter, articles of incorporation, charter of a foreign mercial paper, debenture, draft, fiduciary currency, money

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order, negotiable paper, note, order on a bank, paper foster child, illegitimate child, legitimate child, minor child,
money, security, sight draft, treasury note natural child, neglected child, orphan, posthumous child,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: acceptance of a check, altered check, pretermitted child, stepchild
bad check, bank check, bearer check, bill of exchange, ca-
shier’s check, certified check, check payable on demand, CHILDREN, noun babies, brood, descendants, heirs,
conditional check, conversion of a check, delivery of a infants, innocents, issue, lineage, minors, offspring, prog-
check, deposit of a check, dishonored check, drawee, eny, pueri, rising generation, seed, young people, younger
drawer, endorsed check, endorsement, forged check, holder generation, youngsters, youth
in due course of a check, insufficient funds, order check, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: descendants, disinheriting, illegiti-
pay check, payee, payment of a check, postdated mate children, legal heirs, legitimate children, limitation,
check, presentment of a check, registered check, time purchase, surviving children
check, unauthorized endorsement, worthless check
CHILLING EFFECT, noun damaging effect, deterrence,
CHECK (Inspect), verb audit, balance accounts, canvass, hindrance, impediment, intimidating impact, menacing ef-
case, check up, examine, experiment, explore, go over, in- fect, obstruction, paralyzing effect, threatening impact,
quire into, inventory, investigate, keep watch, look for flaws, thwarting effect
look into, look over, make a reconnaissance, make a trial run,
monitor, observe, overhaul, overlook, oversee, peruse, CHINESE WALL, noun barrier, detachment, disassocia-
probe, query, question, quiz, reconnoiter, reexamine, regard tion, disconnection, disunion, dividing wall, division,
carefully, regulate, review, run checks on, run tests on, grouping, impenetrable barrier, isolation, partition, protec-
sample, scan, scrutinize, search into, see about, study, sub- tion, safeguard, secure separation, segmentation, separa-
ject to scrutiny, superintend, supervise, survey, take stock, tion, severance, shield, total separation
test, try, verify, watch ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: Chinese wall between clients, conflict
of interest, conflicts of interests
CHECK (Restrain), verb abate, adjust, arrest, attemper,
bate, block, bring to a standstill, call a halt, cause a stop- CHIVALRY, noun accommodation, benevolence, com-
page, constrain, control, countercheck, curb, cut off, delay, passion, consideration, courtesy, courtliness, decency,
detain, deter, diminish, discourage, dissuade, draw rein, dignity, distinction, fairness, gallantry, generosity, illustri-
encumber, estop, freeze, frustrate, halt, head off, hinder, ousness, kindness, loftiness, magnanimity, majesty, man-
hold in check, impair, impede, impedite, inhibit, intercept, ners, merit, morality, nobility, politeness, refined manners,
interrupt, intervene, keep back, keep under control, lay righteousness, stately manors, unselfishness, valiance, valor
under restraint, limit, obstruct, overpower, put a restraint
upon, put a stop to, put an end to, put under restraint, re- CHOATE LIEN, noun according to law, allowed, bind-
strain, restrict, retard, run counter, set back, slow, slow ing, brought to fruition, compulsory, consummated, en-
down, stalemate, stand in the way, stem, stop, stultify, sup- forceable, finished, lawful, legal, legalized, legitimate, le-
press, thwart, undermine gitimized, matured, obligatory, official, perfected, ratified,
refined, validated
CHICANERY, noun artifice, craftiness, cunning, deceit,
deception, deceptiveness, deviousness, dishonesty, dou- CHOICE (Alternatives offered), noun delectus, discre-
ble-dealing, duplicity, fakery, fraud, guile, hoax, insincerity, tion, discrimination, election, opportunities, option, pick,
machination, racket, ruse, scam, sham, stratagem of decep- remaining courses, remaining options, selection, substitutes
tion, subterfuge, swindle, tactic, treachery, trick to ensnare, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: alternative causes of action, counsel
underhandedness, whitewash, wile, wrong of one’s own choosing, election of remedies, splitting a
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: mayhem cause of action

CHIEF, noun boss, captain, caput, chairman, chairper- CHOICE (Decision), noun act of judgment, analysis,
son, chief controller, chieftain, commandant, commander, appraisal, assessment, conclusion, considered decision,
directing head, director, dux, employer, foreman, foreper- delectus, designation, determination, disposition, election,
son, general, head, headman, headperson, highest-ranking finding, judgment, order, outcome, predilection, preferabil-
person, leader, manager, organizer, overlooker, overseer, ity, preference, pronouncement, resolution, resolve, selec-
person in authority, person in charge, president, primate, tion, settlement
princeps, principal, principal person, senior, superior, su- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: domicile of choice, freedom of choice
pervising director
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: chief agent, chief counsel, chief dep- CHOOSE, verb act on one’s own authority, adopt, ap-
uty, chief examiner, chief executive, chief executive officer, point, be disposed to, be resolute, be so minded, co-opt,
chief fiscal officer, chief judge, chief justice, chief of fire commit oneself to a course, cull, decide, deligere, desire,
department, chief of police, chief officer of a corporation or determine, determine upon, discriminate, discriminate be-
business, chief place of business tween, do of one’s own accord, draw, elect, eliminate the
alternatives, embrace, excerpt, exercise one’s choice, exer-
CHILD, noun adolescent, boy, daughter, filia, filius, cise one’s discretion, exercise one’s option, exercise one’s
foster child, girl, grandchild, infans, infant, ingenue, issue, preference, exercise the will, have volition, make a deci-
juvenile, lineal descendant, minor, newborn, offspring, sion, make one’s choice, make one’s selection, mark out
progeny, pueri, scion, young, young boy, young descen- for, opt for, pick, pick out, prefer, put to the vote, resolve,
dant, young girl, youngling, youngster, youth select, set apart, settle, side, support, take a decisive step,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: abandoned child, abortive child, ad- take one’s choice, take up an option, use one’s discretion,
opted child, afterborn child, child born out of wedlock, use one’s option, will
child by future marriage, child custody, child labor, child ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: election of remedies, freedom of
support, childbirth, childcare, childhood, en ventre sa mere, choice, voluntary choice

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CHRONIC, adjective ceaseless, confirmed, constant, propagate, publish, put about, put forward, put into circula-
continual, continuing, continuous, cyclical, deep-rooted, tion, radiate, reissue, repeat, reveal, rumor, rumor about,
deep-seated, drawn out, endless, enduring, entrenched, send forth, speak of, spread, spread a report, spread abroad,
established, ever-present, everlasting, extended, forever, talk of, transmit, trumpet, ventilate, voice
frequent, habitual, immedicable, incessant, inextinguished,
invariable, lasting, lingering, long-continuing, long-lived, CIRCULATION, noun allocation, allotment, branching
long standing, long-standing, maintained, never-ceasing, out, circumagere, diffusion, dispensation, dispensing, dis-
never-stopping, not averruncated, not restorable, of long pergere, dispersal, dispersion, dissemination, distribution, di-
duration, often, ongoing, perdurable, perennial, permanent, vergence, divulgare, emanation, flow, flowing, flux, issuance,
perpetual, persevering, persistent, persisting, prolonged, motion, movement, passage, passing, scattering, spread,
protracted, recurrent, recurring, regular, repeating, repeti- spreading, transit, transition, transmigration, transmission
tious, repetitive, resisting, returning, returning at intervals,
serious, set, settled, steadfast, stubborn, sustained, tena- CIRCUMSCRIBE (Define), verb border, circumscribere,
cious, unalleviated, unceasing, uncorrectable, undestroyed, definire, delimit, delineate, demarcate, demark, determine,
undying, unending, unerasable, unfading, unhealable, unin- distinguish, establish, outline
termitting, uninterrupted, unmitigated, unmitigating, unre-
lievable, unremedied, unremittent, unremitting, unshifting, CIRCUMSCRIBE (Surround by boundary), verb begird,
unslackening, unstopped, unstopping, unsubsiding, unsup- belt, border, bound, circuit, circumvallate, cloister, close
pressed, unvarying, unyielding, virulent, wearing around, close in, compass, confine, contain, contour, delin-
eate, determine boundaries, edge, embrace, encircle, en-
CHRONICLE, verb characterize, chart, date, declare, close, encompass, engird, ensphere, envelop, fence in, fix
delineate, depict, describe, detail, detail in a record, deter- bounds, fix limits, form a circle round, frame, gird, girdle,
mine, elucidate, enumerate, explicate, interpret, itemize, hedge in, hem in, include, keep in, mark off, mark out,
make a record, narrate, outline, particularize, recite, record, outline, shut in, surround
recount, register, relate, render, report, represent, schema-
tize, set down in a record, state, trace, write CIRCUMSPECT, adjective alert, assiduous, astute, at-
tending, attentive, careful, cautious, cautus, chary, circum-
CHRONOLOGY, noun annals, case history, chronicle, spective, cognizant, conscientious, conscious, considerate,
commentaries, dates, diary, documentation, genealogy, contemplative, deliberate, deliberative, diligent, discerning,
historical record, history, line, lineage, lineup, list, log, log- discreet, discretionary, discriminating, discriminative, exact-
book, minutes, narration, narrative, order, recitation, re- ing, guarded, heedful, intent, introspective, judicious, medi-
cord, register, report tative, meticulous, mindful, observant, observing, on guard,
painstaking, particular, percipient, perspicacious, precaution-
CHURN, verb convulse, shake up, stir up, whip, work up ary, precautious, precise, premeditative, prepared, providus,
prudens, prudent, reflecting, reflective, regardful, scrutiniz-
CIRCUIT, noun ambit, area, arrondissement, bounds, ing, sensitive, thinking, thorough, thoroughgoing, thought-
circuitus, circulus, confines, district, domain, dominion, exclu- ful, vigilant, wary, watchful, well-considered
sive area, extent, field, hemisphere, jurisdiction, land, locus,
orbis, orbit, pale, part, place, precinct, province, quarter, CIRCUMSTANCES, noun accompanying events, at-
range, realm, region, section, site, situs, sphere, territory, zone tendant conditions, bases, changes, conditions, controlling
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: circuit court, circuit court of appeals, factors, course of events, details, events, factors, facts, fea-
circuit judge, circuit officers, judicial circuits, riding circuit tures, full particulars, governing factors, grounds, happen-
ings, incidentals, instances, items, minutiae, occasions,
CIRCUITOUS, adjective ambagious, anfractuous, an- occurrences, particulars, qualifying factors, situations, spe-
guilliform, anguine, circumfluent, circumambulating, cir- cial points, state of affairs, surrounding facts, surroundings,
cumfluous, circumlocutory, complicated, contorted, convo- terms imposed, vicissitudes
luted, convolutional, crooked, curved, deviating, deviatory, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: aggravating circumstance, change of
devious, digressive, discursive, eel-shaped, eellike, excur- circumstances, changed circumstance, circumstances be-
sive, flexuous, helical, helicoid, helicoidal, indirect, intorted, yond control, exceptional circumstances, extraordinary
labyrinthine, mazy, meandering, meandrous, oblique, out of circumstances, like circumstances, mitigating circum-
the way, rambling, roundabout, roving, serpentiform, ser- stances, special circumstances, unusual circumstances
pentile, serpentine, serpentoid, sigmoid, sinuate, sinuous,
skirting, snakelike, snaky, spiriferous, tortile, tortuous, turn- CIRCUMSTANTIAL, adjective accessory, accuratus,
ing, twining, twisting, undulate, undulated, undulating, un- additional, adscititious, apparent, by inference, collateral,
dulative, undulatory, wandering, whorled, winding, zigzag conditional, conjectural, construable, contingent, deduced,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: circuitous proceedings, circuitous extraneous, founded on circumstances, implicational, im-
route, circuity of action plicative, implicatory, incidental, inconclusive, indecisive,
indicative, indicatory, indirect, inessential, inferential, in-
CIRCULATE, verb acquire currency, announce, bandy, be sinuatory, insubstantial, likely, nonessential, ostensible,
public, be published, become public, bring before the public, presumable, presumptive, probable, second rank, second-
bring out, broadcast, bruit abroad, change hands, change ary, subsidiary, suggestive, unnecessary, verisimilar
places, circuit, circularize, come out, communicate, convey, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: circumstantial errors, circumstantial
diffuse, dispergere, disperse, disseminate, distribute, divul- evidence, circumstantial inference, corroborating evidence,
gare, divulgate, divulge, flow, get abroad, give currency to, inference
give forth, give out, give to the world, go forth, have cur-
rency, issue, lay before the public, make known, make public, CIRCUMSTANTIAL EVIDENCE, noun evidence not
make the round of, noise abroad, pass, pass current, pass leading directly to a conclusion of fact, evidence requir-
from one to another, pass round, print, proclaim, promulgate, ing an inference to form a conclusion, indirect evidence,

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indirect testimony, inferential evidence, nondirect evi- CIVIL (Polite), adjective accommodating, affable, ami-
dence, proof able, chivalric, chivalrous, civilized, cordial, courteous,
courtly, cultivated, deferential, dignified, diplomatic, easy-
CIRCUMVENT, verb avoid doing, be cunning, be sly, mannered, fine-mannered, genial, genteel, gentlemanlike,
beguile, bypass, circonvenir, circumscribere, circumvenire, gentlemanly, gracious, mannerly, mild, obliging, polished,
cloak, conceal, confuse, contravene, contrive, counteract, refined, respectful, urbane, well-behaved, well-bred, well-
counterwork, cover, deceive, defeat, defraud, delude, de- brought up, well-mannered, well-spoken
vise, disrupt, elude, escape, evade, foil, hoax, mislead,
outmaneuver, outreach, outwit, pettifog, practice chica- CIVIL (Public), adjective civic, civilian, communal, gov-
nery, prevaricate, proceed by stratagem, scheme, swindle, ernmental, laic, laical, metropolitan, mundane, municipal,
thwart, tourner la loi, traverse, trick noncriminal, noneccliastical, nonmilitary, oppidan, political,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: circumvent the law secular, social, societal, temporal, unspiritual, urban, worldly
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: civil action, civil aeronautics board,
CITATION (Attribution), noun ascription, assignment, civil arrest, civil authorities, civil case, civil cause, civil cer-
credit, derivation, designation, mention, organization, par- emony, civil contempt, civil contract, civil courts, civil dam-
entage, quotation, reference, source ages, civil death, civil defense, civil disabilities, civil juris-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: citation of authorities, citation of tables diction, civil law, civil liability, civil liberties, civil matters,
civil officer, civil proceedings, civil rights, civil service, civil
CITATION (Charge), noun command to appear, de- service commission, civil suit, civil unrest, civil war
cree, dictate, interpellation, legal process, mandate, mitti- FOREIGN PHRASES: Cum actio fuerit mere criminalis, insti-
mus, monition, notice, notice to appear, notification, official tui poterit ab initio criminaliter vel civiliter. When an
notice, ordination, precept, prescript, prescription, rescript, action is merely criminal, it can be instituted from the be-
subpoena, ukase, warrant, writ, writ of summons ginning either criminally or civilly.
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: citation for a crime, citation for a vio-
lation, citation for contempt CIVIL LAW, noun body of laws, civilian law, code, law
of noncriminal disputes, laws, legal restrictions on private
CITE (Accuse), verb allege, blame, bring a charge, citizens, noncommon law, statutes, statutory law, the law
bring an action, call to account, censure, challenge, charge, governing private citizen relations, the law of private citi-
complain, denounce, discredit, impeach, implicate, im- zen rights, written law
pute, incriminate, inform against, lodge a complaint, make ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: common law, criminal law, Roman law
a complaint
CIVIL LIBERTIES, noun First Amendment guarantees,
CITE (State), verb advance, attest, authenticate, bring First Amendment Rights, freedom of expression, freedom of
forward, certify, circumstantiate, document, enunciate, es- press, freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom of
tablish, evidence, evince, exemplify, exhibit, express, give thought, fundamental individual rights, guarantees from the
as example, illustrate, indicate, introduce as an example, Bill of Rights, human rights, individual rights, right to life,
maintain, make evident, make reference to, manifest, men- right to peacefully assemble, right to petition government for
tion, name, point to, predicate, present as proof, prove, redress, right to privacy, right to property, right to worship
quote, recite, refer to, refer to legal authorities, set forth, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: civil rights, protection against unwar-
show, show evidence, show proof, specify, substantiate, ranted governmental interference
use in support of propositions of law
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: cite a case as precedence CIVILIZATION, noun accomplishments, acquired
knowledge, advancement, advancement of knowledge,
CITIZEN, noun civis, denizen, dweller, habitant, indi- civilized life, civilized society, cultivation, culture, enlight-
gen, indigene, indweller, inhabitant, inhabiter, inmate, na- enment, evolution, humanitas, illumination, level of educa-
tive, occupant, occupier, residencer, resident, resider tion, national culture, progress, progression, refinement,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: adopted citizens, citizen of a state, social adjustment, social elevation, society, sophistication,
citizen of the United States of America, citizens of different state of refinement
states, diversity of citizenship, domicile of a citizen, foreign
citizen, native-born citizen, natural-born citizen, naturalized CLAIM (Assertion), noun affirmation, allegation, assev-
citizen, nonresident citizen, privilege and immunities of eration, averment, avouchment, avowal, declaration, posi-
citizens, renunciation of citizenship tion, predication, presentation, proposition, statement
FOREIGN PHRASES: Semel civis semper civis. Once a citizen ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: claimed use, disputed claims, doubt-
always a citizen. ful claims, false claim, fictitious claims, fraudulent claims
FOREIGN PHRASES: Debitorum pactionibus creditorum pe-
CITY, noun megalopolis, metropolis, metropolitan titio nec tolli nec minui potest. The rights of creditors to
area, municipality, polis, urban district, urban place, urban- sue cannot be prejudiced or diminished by agreements
ization, urbs between their debtors.
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: city attorney, city council, city court,
city districts, city employee, city hall, city limits, city mar- CLAIM (Legal demand), noun accusation, adjuration,
shal, city officer, city purpose, municipal corporations bill of complaint, cause of action, challenge, command,
complaint, counterclaim, declaration, exaction, obsecra-
CIVIC, adjective civicus, civil, civilis, common, com- tion, plea, postulate, postulatio, presentment, requirement,
munal, community, government, governmental, juridical, suit, ultimatum
lawful, legal, metropolitan, municipal, neighborhood, offi- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: allowed claim, claim against bankrupt
cial, political, public, regulatory, town, urban estate, claim against estate, claim and demand, claim aris-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: civic affairs, civic enterprise, civic or- ing on contract, claim for alternative relief, claim for sup-
ganizations port, claim of a creditor, claim of interest, claim or defense

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notice of claim, claimed on appeal, claimed use, claims ex CLARIFICATION, noun amplification, apostil, clarifica-
delicto, colorable claim, common law claim, compensation tion, commentary, deciphering, definition, delineation,
claim, conflicting claims, contingent claims, counter claim, demonstration, description, elimination of ambiguousness,
court of claims, cross claim, disputed claims, doubtful elimination of complexity, elimination of complication, elu-
claims, equitable claims, fictitious claims, fixed claims, cidation, enlightenment, epexegesis, erasure of ambiguity,
fraudulent claims, frivolous claims, illegal claims, indetermi- exemplification, explanation, explication, exposition, illu-
nate claims, individual claim, insurance claim, just claim, mination, illustration, increase of clarity, increase of clear-
lawful claim, money claim, moral claims, particular nature ness, increase of intelligibility, interpretation, making ap-
of claims, prior claim, proof of claim, provable claim, se- parent, making distinct, making evident, making lucid,
cured claim, settlement of claim, stale claim, subordination making perspicuous, making precise, making specific, mak-
of claim, subsequent claims, undisputed claim, unliqui- ing trenchant, presentation, refinement, rendering explicit,
dated claims, unmatured claims rendering incisive, rendering unequivocal, rendering un-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Rogationes, quaestiones, et positiones mistakable, scholium, simplification, specification
debent esse simplices. Demands, questions, and claims
ought to be simple. CLARIFY, verb articulate, bare, bring to light, clear up,
comment upon, construe, decipher, define, delineate, deli-
CLAIM (Right), noun beneficial interest, contingent inter- quare, demonstrate, disentangle, elucidate, enlighten, ex-
est, due, equitable interest, expectancy, heritage, interest, emplify, explain, explicate, expose, exposit, expound, free
legacy, ownership, privilege, share, stake, title, vested interest from ambiguity, free from confusion, illuminate, illustrate,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: claim of ownership, claim of right, interpret, lay open, make clear, make comprehensible, make
claim of title explicit, make intelligible, make lucid, make understood,
refine, render intelligible, shed light on, show, simplify, spell
CLAIM (Demand), verb ask for, assert as one’s own, as- out, subtilize, unfold, unmask, unravel, unscramble, unveil
sert as one’s right, declare one’s right, dun, exact as due, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: clarify and amplify a complaint, clarify
have a right, insist upon, make demands on, petition, press, the pleadings
pretend, reclaim, request, require, requisition, seek as due,
sue, think one deserves, vindicate a right, vindicate a title CLASH, verb battle, become hostile to, bicker, brawl,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: claim against an estate, claim and brush with, claim against, collide, combat, concuss, conflict,
demand, claim arising from a contract, claim for relief, claim confront, contend against, contend with, contrast, cross
of right, claim of title, compensation claim, contingent swords, differ, disagree with, discord, disharmonize, duel,
claim, counterclaim, court of claims, fraud claim, insurance feud, fight, grapple, oppose, quarrel, raise Cain, run in with,
claim, money claim, ownership claim, valid claim spar, trade words with, wrangle
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: complaint, lawsuit, legal recourse,
CLAIM (Maintain), verb advocate, affirm, allege, as- litigation
sert, asseverate, attest, aver, avouch, avow, certify, charge,
contend, declare, hold, insist, make a statement, make an CLASS, noun assortment, bracket, branch, brand,
assertion, predicate, profess, propound, put forward, say, breed, caste, category, classification, classis, denomination,
stand firm, state, utter with conviction, vow, warrant designation, division, echelon, genera, genre, genus, gra-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: claimed use dation, grade, group, grouping, hierarchy, ilk, kind, layer of
society, order, ordo, place, position, rank, rating, sect, set,
CLAIMANT, noun accusant, accuser, appellant, appli- social rank, social status, sort, standing, station, status,
cant, asserter, claimer, complainant, libelant, litigant, one stratum, subdivision, subgroup, suborder, subspecies, type,
who asserts a demand, one who claims a right, party to a variety
suit, person who makes a claim, person with a grievance, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: class action, class gifts, class interest,
petitioner, plaintiff, pleader, postulant, solicitant, solicitor, class legislation, class suit, definite class, gift to a class
suitor FOREIGN PHRASES: Clausula generalis de residuo non ea
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: lien claimant, subsequent claimant, complectitur quae non ejusdem sint generis cum iis
suit by claimant quae speciatim dicta fuerant. A general clause of remain-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Semper necessitas probandi incumbit der does not include those things which are not of the same
ei qui agit. The burden of proof always lies upon the kind as those which have been specially mentioned.
claimant.
CLASS ACTION LAWSUIT, noun derivative action, di-
CLAMOR, verb argue, call for, contend, contest, create rectors’ and officers’ liability, group lawsuit, group litigation,
a groundswell for, cry out, demand, dispute, espouse, lawsuit by large numbers of litigants with a common griev-
exact, fight, insist, lobby for, muster support for, petition, ance, suit by multiple parties with common interest
press for, require, requisition, roar, strive, struggle, wrestle ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: representative action

CLANDESTINE, adjective arcane, behind the scenes, CLASSIFICATION, noun allocation, allotment, analysis,
camouflaged, clandestinus, cloaked, collusive, concealed, apportionment, arrangement, assignment, assortment, cata-
confidential, conspiring, covert, cunning, disguised, en- loging, categorization, category, class, codification, denomi-
sconced, evasive, furtive, furtivus, hidden, in the back- nation, designation, disposition, distribution, division, grada-
ground, irrevealable, masked, obscure, screened, secluded, tion, group, grouping, identification, methodization,
secret, secretive, shrouded, sneaking, stealthy, stifled, sub- nomenclature, order, ordering, orderly arrangement, ordina-
terranean, suppressed, surreptitious, undercover, under- tion, organization, placement, ranking, reducing to order,
ground, underhand, underhanded, undisclosed, unknown, regulation by a system, specification, subgroup, syntaxis, sys-
unrevealed, unseen, veiled, with secret design tematization, taxis, type
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: clandestine adultery, clandestine im- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: arbitrary classification, illegal classifi-
portation, clandestine marriage, clandestine meeting cation, unreasonable classification

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CLASSIFY, verb allocate, allot, analyze, apportion, ar- unadorned, unambiguous, unblurred, unclouded, uncovered,
range, assort, brand, break down, cataloge, categorize, understood, undisguised, unequivocal, unevasive, unmistak-
class, classify as, codify, collocate, coordinate, correlate, able, visible, vivid, well-defined, well-marked, well-seen
dispose, distinguish, distribute, divide, file, form into ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: clear and convincing danger, clear
classes, grade, group, identify, in genera describere, index, and present danger, clear-cut question of law, clear mean-
introduce a system, label, list, marshal, methodize, name, ing, clear preponderance, clear proof, clearly ascertainable,
organize, partition, pigeonhole, place in a category, place last clear chance
in order, put in array, put in order, range, rank, rate, reduce
to order, segregate, separate, seriate, set in order, size, CLEAR (Certain), adjective absolute, actual, ascertained,
sort, specify, subsume, systematize, tag, type authoritative, beyond a shadow of a doubt, beyond all dis-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: arbitrary classification, illegal classifi- pute, categorical, cogent, conclusive, definite, definitive,
cation, unreasonable classification doubtless, free from doubt, incontestable, incontrovertible,
indefeasible, indisputable, indubitable, irrefragable, irrefut-
CLAUSE, noun article, caput, condition, conditiosine able, positive, questionless, settled without appeal, sure,
qua non, contract, covenant, exception, exemption, limita- unassailable, unchallengeable, unconfutable, uncontested,
tion, membrum, paragraph, pars, passage, phrase, propo- uncontroversial, undeniable, undisputed, undoubted, un-
sition, provision, proviso, qualification, section, sentence, equivocal, unerring, unhesitating, unimpeachable, unmistak-
specification, stipulation, term able, unqualified, unquestionable, unquestioned, unrefutable
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: commerce clause, commercial ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: clear legal right, clear right, clearly
clause, enacting clause, escalation clause, forfeiture clause, erroneous
grandfather clause, incontestable clause, loss payable
clause, most favored nation clause, penalty clause, residu- CLEAR (Free from criminal charges), adjective ab-
ary clause, saving clause, specific clause, spendthrift clause, solved, acquitted, at liberty, cleared, condoned, delivered,
standard mortagagee clause, sunsetting clause disburdened, discharged, disculpated, dismissed, excul-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Clausula generalis de residuo non ea pated, excused, exempted, exonerated, forgiven, freed,
complectitur quae non ejusdem sint generis cum iis guiltless, immune, justified, manumitted, nonliable, not
quae speciatim dicta fuerant. A general clause concern- guilty, pardoned, purged, released, remitted, reprieved,
ing the remainder does not include those matters which spared, unburdened, uncensurable, unchastised, uncon-
are not of the same kind with those which have been demned, unpunished, vindicated
specially expressed. Clausula generalis non refertur ad
expressa. A general clause does not refer to things ex- CLEAR (Unencumbered), adjective disburdened, disen-
pressly mentioned. Clausula quae abrogationem ex- cumbered, exempt, free, free from burden, free from en-
cludit ab initio non valet. A clause which forbids its ab- cumbrance, free from hindrance, free from impediment, free
rogation is invalid from the beginning. Clausula vel from limitation, free from obstruction, not answerable, not
dispositio inutilis per praesumptionem remotam, vel responsible, unaccountable, unbound, unbridled, unbur-
causam ex post facto non fulcitur. A useless clause or dened, unconstrained, uncurbed, unfettered, unhampered,
provision is not supported by a remote presumption, or unhindered, unobstructed, unrestrained, untrammeled
by a cause that arises afterwards. Clausulae inconsuetae ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: clear title
semper inducunt suspicionem. Unusual clauses always
arouse suspicion. CLEAR, verb absolve, acquit, amnesty, deliver, disburden,
discharge, disembroil, disencumber, disentangle, dismiss, ex-
CLEAN, adjective above suspicion, acquitted, angelic, culpate, excuse, exempt, exonerate, explicare, extricate, find
blameless, bloodless, cleanhanded, cleanminded, clear, de- not guilty, forgive, free, give a reprieve, give absolution, grant
cent, entirely defensible, fair, faultless, free from guilt, free a reprieve, grant amnesty, grant remission, let go, let off, liber-
from impurities, free from sin, good, guileless, guiltless, high- ate, pardon, pronounce not guilty, prove innocent, purge,
minded, high-principled, honest, honorable, immaculate, im- quash the conviction, release, render free, reprieve, rescue,
peccable, in the clear, incorrupt, incorruptible, innocent, inviola- set at large, set at liberty, set free, shrive, vindicate
ble, inviolate, irreprehensible, irreproachable, irreprovable, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: clear and convincing evidence, clear
law-abiding, lawful, moral, mundus, not guilty, not respon- and convincing standard of proof, clear and present danger,
sible, pure, pure-hearted, pure in heart, purus, right-minded, clear title, last clear chance doctrine
righteous, scrupulous, snowy, spotless, stainless, straight,
strictly honest, taintless, unblamable, unblemished, unbribed, CLEAR UP, verb answer, ascertain, brighten, clarify,
uncorrupted, unculpable, unerring, unexceptionable, un- complete, construe, consummate, decipher, decode, die
guilty, unimpeachable, uninvolved, unmuddied, unobjection- away, disentangle, dispatch, dispose of, elucidate, explain,
able, unoffending, unsoiled, unspotted, unstained, unsullied, exposit, expound, fathom, figure out, interpret, lift, light,
untarnished, unviolated, upright, veracious, virtuous, white, make sense, resolve, settle, simplify, solve, strike, unlock,
wholesome, without a stain, without reproach unravel, unriddle, unscramble, untangle, wind up, work out
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: clean bill of lading, clean credit, clean ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: clear up inconsistencies in testimony,
docket receipt, clean hands doctrine, clean money clear up misconceptions

CLEAR (Apparent), adjective blunt, clarified, clear-cut, CLEARED, adjective absolved, acquitted, condoned,
demonstrative, direct, distinct, downright, emphatic, évident, disburdened, discharged, dismissed, exculpated, ex-
evident, exact, explicit, express, expressive, frank, glaring, cused, exempted, exonerated, forgiven, freed, guiltless,
graphic, identifiable, in bold relief, in evidence, in strong re- immune, justified, not guilty, overturned, pardoned,
lief, intelligible, limpid, manifest, observable, outspoken, purged, released, reprieved, reversed and overturned,
overt, patent, pellucid, perceivable, perceptible, perspicuous, spared, unburdened, vindicated
plain, prominent, pronounced, pure, salient, self-evident, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: Appeals Court, cleared in a probe,
showing, shown, straightforward, striking, transparent, DNA, habeas corpus, reversal

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CLEARLY DEFINED, adjective absolute, blunt, can- prevailing attitudes, prevailing conditions, prevailing stan-
did, categorical, certain, clear, clearly formulated, com- dards, surrounding influence, surroundings
prehensible, decisive, definite, definitive, determinate,
direct, distinct, distinctly stated, exact, explanatory, ex- CLIMATE CHANGE, noun atmospheric variance, ex-
plicit, frank, lucid, obvious, perceptible, plain, pointed, treme weather, global temperature change, global warm-
positive, precise, specific, straightforward, unambiguous, ing, global weather change, new weather changes, new
unconditional, unequivocal, unmistakable, vivid, well weather patterns, severe weather, unique changing weather
developed patterns, world weather change

CLEMENCY, noun absolution, amnesty, benefaction, be- CLINICAL, adjective analytical, detached, dispassionate,
neficence, benevolence, benignity, charity, clementia, clem- impersonal, imperturbable, unemotional, unimpressionable
entness, commutation, compassion, consideration, decency,
disposition to mercy, disposition to pardon, excuse, exemp- CLOAK, verb beguile, belie, blind, bluff, bury, camouflage,
tion, extenuation, forbearance, forgiveness, forgivingness, cloud, conceal, conceal the truth, construe falsely, couch, cover,
generosity, generousness, gentleness, good will, grace, hu- cover up, curtain, deceive, decoy, disguise, dissemble, dis-
maneness, humanity, indemnity, indulgence, kindness, le- simulare, dissimulate, distort, divert, dress up, dupe, eclipse,
nience, leniency, lenity, liberality, magnanimity, magnani- embellish, embroider, ensconce, enshroud, envelop, exagger-
mousness, mansuetuda, mercifulness, mercy, obligingness, ate, fake, falsify, feign, forswear, garble, give a false coloring,
pardon, pardoning, purgation, release, reprieve, respite, gloss over, go undercover, hide, hide away, keep a secret,
temperance, tolerance, toleration, willingness to forgive keep hidden, keep in ignorance, keep secret, keep undercover,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: clemency by the governor, clemency mask, miscolor, misinform, mislead, misrepresent, muffle, ob-
by the president of the United States, executive clemency scure, obstruct the view of, occult, pretend, put out of sight,
render invisible, screen, seclude, secrete, shade, shadow,
CLERICAL, adjective accessory, ad administrationem sham, shelter, shroud, sneak, stifle, suppress, swear falsely, veil
pertimens, administrating, administrative, assistant, assist- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: cloaked with authority
ing, attendant, attending, auxiliary, ex officio, helping, in-
strumental, intermediary CLOG, verb arrest, astrict, bar, barricade, be obstructive,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: clerical acts, clerical duties, clerical block, block up, bridle, burden, checkmate, choke, close,
errors, clerical mistakes, clerical omissions close off, constrict, cumber, dam, deadlock, detain, exclude,
forbid, foreclose, forestall, frustrate, hamper, handicap, hin-
CLERICAL ERROR, noun administrative mistake, cleri- der, hold back, hold in check, hold up, impede, impedire,
cal mistake, inadvertent negligence of office worker, mis- impedite, intercept, interfere, keep out, obstruct, occlude,
take in preparing a legal document, typographical error place limitations, plug, plug up, preclude, prevent, prevent
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: law office mistake passage, prohibit, put a stop to, repress, restrain, restrict,
retard, shut off, stall, stand in the way of, stay, stifle, stop,
CLERK, noun archivist, chronicler, copyist, court em- stop short, stop up, stultify, stymie, suppress
ployee, court official, court scribe, judicial administrator,
judicial assistant, judicial recorder, judicial secretary, office CLONE, noun a carbon copy created by genetic engi-
holder, office worker, official, prothonotary, recorder, re- neering, a copy created by genetic engineering, a double
cord keeper, registrar, scriba, scribe, scrivener, secretary created by genetic engineering, a facsimile created through
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: clerk of the county, clerk of the court, genetic engineering, an exact copy created through ge-
county clerk, papers filed with the clerk, town clerk netic engineering, duplication created by genetic engineer-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Errores scribentis nocere non debent. ing, production of a copy, production of a copy through
An error made by a clerk ought not to prejudice. genetic engineering, production of multiple identical cop-
ies, propagation asexually, propagation from a clone cell,
CLERK, verb aid a judge, assist a judge, help a judge, replication created by genetic engineering, replication
work for a judge through genetic engineering, reproduction asexually
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bioethics, computer clone, embryo
CLEVER, adjective able, adept, adroit, apt, artful, as- splitting, human clone
tute, bright, brilliant, canny, creative, cunning, deft, dexter-
ous, discerning, exceptional, gifted, imaginative, inge- CLONING, noun copy, counterpart, double, duplica-
nious, innovative, insightful, intelligent, intuitive, inventive, tion, embodiment, exact copy, genetically identical copy,
keen, knowledgeable, lithe, lithesome, masterly, nimble, genetically identical individual, genetically identical repro-
original, perspicacious, piercing, politic, proficient, quick- duction, producing, replica, reproduction
witted, resourceful, sagacious, sapient, savvy, sharp, shrewd, Generally: duplicating, manifestation, match
skilled, skillful, sly, smart, spry, versatile, wise
CLOSE (Intimate), adjective allied, bosom, brotherly,
CLIENT, noun business contact, buyer of labor, cliens, confidential, dear, devoted, faithful, familiar, fast, fraternal,
consultor, consumer, customer, employer of legal advice, friendly, inseparable, strongly attached
hirer, offerer, patron, patron of professional services, patron- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: close corporation, closely held
izer, person employing advice, person represented, person
represented by counsel, purchaser, retainer of counsel CLOSE (Near), adjective adjacent, adjoining, approach-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: attorney-client privilege, attorney- ing, approximate, at hand, bordering, close at hand, close
client relationship by, coming, contiguous, forthcoming, handy, imminent, im-
pending, in close proximity, in the area, in the neighbor-
CLIMATE, noun atmosphere, aura, caelum, circumam- hood, in the vicinity, near at hand, nearby, neighboring, nigh,
biency, clime, condition, environment, environmental propinquus, proximal, proximate, tangent, touching, vicinal
conditions, feeling, forces of nature, influences, mood, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: close confinement, close proximity

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CLOSE (Rigorous), adjective assiduous, attentive, care- hypothecation, indebtedness, indebtment, liability, mort-
ful, conscientious, diligent, earnest, exact, hard, harsh, in- gage, obligation, obstruction, outstanding debt, pignus ju-
tense, keen, meticulous, parcus, precise, punctilious, re- diciale, pignus legale, pledge, prescription, real security,
lentless, rigid, scrupulous, severe, sharp, stiff, strict, restraint, security, security on property, state of indebted-
stringent, tenax, uncompromising, unremitting, unsparing ness, vadium mortuum
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: a cloud on personalty, a cloud on real
CLOSE (Conclusion), noun adjournment, cessation, property
closing, closure, completion, conclusio, consummation,
discontinuance, discontinuation, end, ending, expiration, CLOUD (Suspicion), noun apprehension, apprehensive-
finale, finis, finish, last part, last stage, omega, peroration, ness, consternation, contestability, controvertibility, deniabil-
shutdown, stoppage, termination, terminus, windup ity, disbelief, disputability, distrust, distrustfulness, doubt, fear,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: the close of a trial, the closing on a hesitation, incredulity, incredulousness, intimation, lack of
real estate transaction certainty, lack of confidence, lack of faith, misdoubt, misgiving,
mistrust, mistrustfulness, onus probandi, perplexity, puzzle-
CLOSE (Enclosed area), noun compound, confine, court, ment, questionability, refusal to believe, refutability, reluc-
courtyard, enclosure, grounds, pen, precinct, square, yard tance to believe, skepticism, trepidation, unbelief, uncredu-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: breaking the close lousness, want of certainty, want of confidence, want of faith

CLOSE (Agree), verb accept an offer, arrive at an agree- CLOUT, noun authoritative power, authority, conse-
ment, bargain, come to an arrangement, come to an under- quence, controlling power, directing power, dominancy,
standing, come to terms, consent, endorse, enter into a dominion, eminence, force, hegemony, importance, influ-
contractual obligation, establish by agreement, execute, fi- ence, influentiality, leverage, mastership, notability, po-
nalize, finalize an agreement, fix by agreement, give assur- tency, power, power of impelling, predominancy, prestige,
ance, go to contract, guarantee, make a bargain, make an prominence, puissance, significance, weight
agreement, negotiate, pacisci, seek accord, settle, strike a
bargain, subscribe, undertake, underwrite CLUE, noun data, evidence, finding, guide, hint, idea,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: close a business transaction, close a index, indication, indicator, information, inkling, insinua-
real estate transaction tion, intimation, key, lead, mark, reason to believe, scent,
sign, signal, token
CLOSE (Terminate), verb apply the closure, break off,
bring to an end, call a halt, cause a stoppage, cease, clau- COACH, verb advise, appraise, counsel, develop, di-
dere, come to a stop, come to an end, complete, conclude, rect, drill, edify, educate, enlighten, foster, give advice,
consummate, discontinue, dispatch, dispose of, eliminate, guide, help, improve, inform, instruct, lead, manage, men-
end, expire, finish, finish up, fulfill, halt, have run its course, tor, nurture, oversee, prepare, prompt, provide tutelage,
interrupt, make an end of, make inactive, operire, prosecute school, shepherd, steer, teach, train, tutor
to a conclusion, put a stop to, run out, shut down, stop,
surcease, suspend, suspend operation, wind up COACTION, noun alliance, association, coalition, cohe-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: close a bank account, close a case, sion, collaboration, colleagueship, collective action, collu-
close a grand jury investigation, close an investigation sion, combined effort, common effort, complicity, concert of
action, concourse, concurrence, confederacy, cooperancy,
CLOSE-MINDED, adjective bigoted, blind, closed, cooperation, cooperativeness, coworking, federation, fellow-
deaf, inflexible, intolerant, narrow-minded, obdurate, obsti- ship, fraternity, fusion, joint effort, joint participation, league,
nate, pigheaded, prejudiced, resistant, rigid, short-sighted, mutual assistance, mutuality, partnership, solidarity, team-
stubborn, unpersuadable work, union, union of action, united action, working together

CLOSING ARGUMENTS, noun closing, closing state- COACTOR, noun abettor, accessory, accessory after the
ments at trial, summation at trial, summing up a case fact, accessory before the fact, accomplice, accomplice in
Generally: recapitulation, reiteration, renumeration, restate- crime, acolyte, adjunct, adjutant, adjuvant, advocate, aid,
ment, review aide-de-camp, aider, aider and abettor, ally, assistant, associ-
ate, attendant, auxiliary, coadjutant, coadjutor, cohelper, col-
CLOTHE, verb accouter, amicire, appoint, arm, array, laborationist, collaborator, colleague, colluder, confederate,
attire oneself, bedeck, bedrape, cloak, conceal, costume, consociate, consort, conspirator, conspirer, contriver, cooper-
cover, cover up, disguise, drape, dress, embroider, em- ator, copartner, coworker, deviser, fellow conspirator, helper,
power, enable, encase, endow, endue, enfold, enrobe, en- henchman, joint-operator, partner, partner in crime, planner,
velop, enwrap, equip, fit out, frock, furnish, garb, gear, in- plotter, promoter, promotor, schemer, strategist, supporter
duere sibi vestem, invest, invest with power, outfit, provide,
put in uniform, robe, suit, supply, uniform, vestire, wrap COADJUTANT, noun abettor, accessory, accomplice,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: clothe with authority to act, clothe adjutant, adjuvant, aid, aide, aider, ally, apprentice, assis-
with indicia of ownership tant, associate, attendant, auxiliary, coadjutor, collaborator,
colleague, confederate, consociate, cooperator, coworker,
CLOTURE, noun abandonment, abeyance, adjournal, deputy, fellow worker, follower, help, helper, henchman,
adjournment, arrest, break, cease, cessation, check, closing, lieutenant, mate, partner, subordinate, supporter, team-
closure, desistance, discontinuance, discontinuation, halt, in- mate, underling
terruption, lapse, letup, lull, noncontinuance, prorogation, re-
cess, standstill, stay, stop, stoppage, suspension, withdrawal COADUNATE, adjective adherent, adhering, adhesive,
agglomerate, aggregate, aggregated, allied, amalgamative,
CLOUD (Incumbrance), noun burden, charge, claim, assembled, associated, centralized, clinging, coagulated,
claim on property, commitment, debt, hold on property, coagulative, coalesced, coalescent, cohering, cohesive,

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combined, compact, concerted, confluent, conglomerate, laws, constitution, corpus juris, digest, enactment, enact-
conglomeratic, congregated, conjoined, conjoint, conju- ment of rules, established law, established order, firm prin-
gate, conjunct, connected, consolidated, cooperative, fused, ciple, formulary, formulation, guide, guideline, laws, legal
incorporated, integrated, interlinked, interlocked, interre- code, legislation, lex, maxim, model, norm, ordinance,
lated, joined, leagued, linked, related, unified, united precedent, precept, precepts, prescript, prescription, prin-
ciples, regulation by law, regulation by statute, regulations,
COALESCENCE, noun abutting, accordance, adherence, rubric, rules, ruling, settled law, standard, statute, statute
adhesion, admixture, affiliation, agglomeration, agglutina- book, statute law, subsidiary law, system of law, system of
tion, alliance, amalgamation, annexation, annexing, assem- rules, written constitution, written law
blage, association, attachment, binding, bond, centralization, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: building code, civil code, code of
closeness, coadunation, coagulation, coalition, coherence, criminal procedure, code of ethics, code of fair competition,
cohesion, cohesiveness, combination, commixture, com- Code of Hammurabi, code of judicial conduct, code of law,
pound, concrescence, concurrence, confederacy, confedera- code of procedure, code of professional responsibility,
tion, confluence, conglomeration, conglutination, conjuga- code pleading, criminal code, ethics code, Napoleonic
tion, conjunction, connection, consociation, consolidation, code, penal code, probate code
contact, convergence, converging, coupling, federation, fus- FOREIGN PHRASES: Ad ea quae frequentius accidunt jura
ing, fusion, immixture, incorporation, interconnection, inter- adaptantur. Laws are adapted to those cases which most
fusion, joining, junction, league, linkage, merger, merging, commonly occur.
mixture, solidification, symbiosis, synthesis, unification, union
CODICIL, noun accessory, accompaniment, adden-
COALITION, noun affiliation, alliance, amalgamation, dum, additament, addition, addition to a will, additive,
association, binding, bond, cartel, combination, combine, additum, adjunct, affixation, affixture, annex, annexation,
coming together, community, concurrence, confluence, con- appanage, appendage, appendix, attachment, augmenta-
glomerate, congress, conjoining, conjunctio, conjunction, tion, complement, epilogue, insertion, postscript, sequel,
conjuncture, connection, consociation, consolidation, con- sequela, subscript, suffix, supplement, supplement to a
sortium, conspiratio, convergence, cooperation, federation, will, testament, will addendum, will supplement
fellowship, fusing, fusion, fusion of interests, group, integra- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: will
tion, interlocking, joint concern, joint endeavor, junction,
league, meeting, merger, merging, mixture, mutual concern, CODIFICATION, noun act, arrangement of laws, ar-
partnership, society, sodality, syndicate, unification, union, rangement of rules, arrangement of statutes, authoritative
union of factions, unity law, bill, bylaws, canon, capitulary, categorization of laws,
collection of statutes, commandment, compendium, compi-
COARSE, adjective awkward, boorish, brash, churlish, lation, decree, doctrine, enactment, formalization of laws,
classless, cloddish, clumsy, crass, crude, horrendous, ill- formulation of laws, lawmaking, legislation, ordinance, pre-
bred, impertinent, impolite, irksome, loutish, lowbrow, cept, prescription, regulation, rule, rules and regulations, rul-
lubberly, mannerless, noxious, obnoxious, odious, offen- ings, sanctions, scheduling, scheme, set of rules, standardiza-
sive, peccant, pernicious, raffish, recreant, reprehensible, tion of laws, statute, statute book, statute law, system, system
reprovable, rough, rude, rugged, tasteless, uncouth, uncul- of laws, system of regulations, systematic arrangement of
tivated, uncultured, ungraceful, unmannered, unmannerly, laws, systematization of laws, tabulation, written law
unpolished, unrefined, vulgar ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: codification act, codification of statutes

COAX, verb allure, appeal, attract, bait, blandish, bribe, CODIFY, verb accumulate, arrange, assemble, assort,
cajole, captivate, convince, encourage, engage, enlist, en- break down, bring into order, catalog, categorize, classify,
snare, entice, evoke, exert pressure, exhort, hominem collect, compile, coordinate, digerere, divide, formalize,
permulcere, homini blandiri, impel, incite, induce, influence, formulate, group, index, introduce order, list, methodize,
insist, inspire, intrigue, inveigle, keep in countenance, lead, organize, rank, reduce to a code, reduce to a digest, reduce
lure, manipulate, motivate, offer an inducement, persuade, to order, regularize, sort, subdivide, systematize, system-
press, prevail, prevail upon, procure, prod, prompt, pro- ize, tabulate
voke, rally, recommend, rouse, spellbind, stimulate, suborn, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: codifying act
suggest, sway, tempt, urge
COEQUAL, adjective aequalis, agreeing, analogous,
COCONSPIRATOR, noun abettor, accessory, accessory as great as another, coextensive, coincident, commensu-
after the fact, accessory before the fact, accomplice, adjunct in rate, comparable, congruent, coordinate, correlative, cor-
crime, adjutant in crime, adjuvant in crime, aide in crime, aide respondent, corresponding, equal, equibalanced, equipol-
in wrongdoing, aider in wrongdoing, ally in crime, ally in lent, equiponderant, equivalent, even, homologous,
wrongdoing, assistant, associate in crime, associate in guilt, identical in value, interchangeable, level, like in degree, like
auxiliary in crime, coactor in crime, coadjutor, coaider in crime, in quantity, matching, neither more nor less, of equal dig-
collaborator, colleague in crime, colluder, companion in crime, nity, of equal power, of like rank, of the same rank, on a
comrade in crime, comrade in wrongdoing, confederate, con- footing with, on a level with, on a par, on a par with, on the
sociate in crime, cooperator in crime, copartner in crime, co- same footing, parallel, reciprocal, symmetrical, synony-
worker in crime, fellow conspirator, fellow machinator, fellow mous, tantamount, uniform, up to the mark
plotter, fellow schemer, fellow strategist, fellow traiter, partner,
partner in crime, partner in wrongdoing, supporter COERCE, verb apply pressure, bear down, bludgeon,
bring pressure to bear, command, compel, conscript, con-
CODE, noun arrangement of statutes, body of laws, strain, demand, dictate, dominate, draft, dragoon, drive,
bylaw, canon, capitulary, charter, civil code, codification, elicit by threat, enjoin, enthrall, exact, exhort, extort, foist,
codified law, collection, collection of laws, collection of force, impel, impose, impose restrictions, impress, induce,
statutes, compilation, compilation of law, compilation of insist, interdict, intimidate, issue threats, necessitate, oblige,

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oppress, order, press, pressure, prod, push, put pressure COGITATIVE, adjective contemplative, deliberate, de-
on, put under restraint, require, rule, subjugate, suppress, liberative, ideative, introspective, meditative, museful,
terrorize, threaten, use force upon, wrest from pensive, philosophical, pondering, reflective, ruminant, ru-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: duress, harassment minative, speculative, thinking, thoughtful
FOREIGN PHRASES: Ejus nulla culpa est cui parere necesse
sit. No guilt attaches to him who is compelled to obey. COGNATE, adjective affiliated, affined, agnate, akin,
alike, allied, analogical, analogous, appertaining, appur-
COERCION, noun blackmail, bondage, brute force, coer- tenant, associated, bearing upon, belonging, close,
citio, command, compulsion, constraint, constraint by force, closely allied, closely related, coordinate, commensurate,
control, dictation, duress, exaction, exigency, extortion, common, comparable, comparative, compared, comple-
force, forcing, illegal compulsion, impelling, inducement, in- mentary, concurrent, congeneric, congenerous, conge-
sistence, intimidation, moral compulsion, necessity, negative nial, connected, consanguine, consanguineous, corre-
compulsion, oppression, oppressive exaction, pressure, pre- lated, correlative, correspondent, corresponding,
vailing, prohibition, repression, restraint, strong-arm tactics, entwined, equal, equivalent, germane, homogeneous,
threat, undue influence, unlawful compulsion homologous, in common with, in the same category, in-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: coercive conduct, duress, extortion, terchangeable, interdependent, interrelated, intimately
coercion of employees allied, intimately related, like, linked, mutual, near, of that
FOREIGN PHRASES: Extortio est crimen quando quis colore, kind, of that sort, parallel, proportionable, reciprocal, re-
officii extorquet quod non est debitum, vel supra debi- lated, relating to, relative, same, serial, sharing, similar,
tum, vel ante tempus quod est debitum. Extortion is a something like, synonymous
crime when, by color of office, any person extorts that which
is not due, or more than is due, or before the time when it is COGNITION, noun acquaintance, apperception, ap-
due. Nihil consensui tam contrarium est quam vis atque preciation, apprehension, awareness, cognitio, cognitive
metus. Nothing is so opposed to consent as force and fear. process, cognizance, comprehension, conception, con-
Vis legibus est inimica. Force is inimical to the laws. sciousness, discernment, enlightenment, familiarity, grasp,
illumination, insight, intellection, ken, knowledge, mastery,
COERCIVE, adjective arm-twisting, browbeating, bull- perception, percipience, realization, recognition, sensibil-
dozing, compelling, compulsory, convincing, drastic, du- ity, understanding, wisdom
ress-induced, fear-inducing, forceful, harassing, hard-
headed, intense, intimidating, mandatory, menacing, COGNIZABLE, adjective accountable, apprehensible,
militant, ominous, peremptory, persuasive, pressure, se- ascertainable, ascertained, capable of being examined, ca-
vere, strong, terrorizing, threatening, vehement pable of being tried in the court, clear, comprehensible,
decipherable, definite, discernible, discoverable, distinct,
COEXISTENCE, noun coevality, coexisting jointly, coex- distinguishable, explicable, explicit, familiar, fathomable,
isting together, coherence, concert, concurrence, conjunc- intelligible, jurisdictionally sound, knowable, known, lucid,
tion, consonance, coordination, exist together, jointly, living luminous, meaningful, pellucid, penetrable, perceived, per-
in peace together, living together, living together contempo- ceptible, perspicuous, readable, realizable, realized, recog-
raneously, living together in harmony, order, pact, rapport, nizable, scrutable, straightforward, unblurred, understand-
reconciliation, survival, surviving together, sympathy, to be able, understood, unequivocal, unevasive, uninvolved,
in tune, togetherness, treaty, unanimity, unity unmistakable, well-written
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: cognizable by the courts
COEXTENSIVE, adjective agreeing, aligned, analagous,
balanced, coequal, coextending, collateral, comparable, con- COGNIZANT, adjective accomplished, acquainted,
centric, concurrent, congruent, coordinate, correlative, cor- alert, apperceptive, apprehensive, apprised, astute, aware,
respondent, corresponding, equable, equal, equal in scope, clear-sighted, cognitive, comprehending, conscious, cons-
equal in space, equal in time, equalized, equidistant, equilat- cius, conversant, discerning, discriminating, educated, en-
eral, equipollent, equiponderant, equipondious, equivalent, dowed with consciousness, endowed with reason, enlight-
even, even-sided, homologous, in equilibrium, lined up, ened, erudite, expert, familiar, informed, keen, knowing,
matched, parallel, proportioned, symmetrical, synonymous knowledgeable, learned, lettered, mindful, perceptive,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: coextensive with rights under the percipient, perspicacious, possessed of knowledge, posted,
U.S. Constitution practiced, proficient, regardful, sagacious, sage, sensible
to, sharp, understanding, versed, well-advised, well-edu-
COFFER, noun arca, bank, cista, container, depository, cated, well-grounded, well-informed, well-read, well-
holder, locker, money chest, receptacle, safe, safe-deposit versed, wise
box, storage, strongbox, till, treasury, vault
COGNOMEN, noun appelation, appellative, byname,
COGENT, adjective appealing conclusively, appealing byword, denomination, designation, name, nickname,
forcibly, authoritative, commanding, compelling, conclusive, sobriquet, style
convincing, definite, definitive, demonstrable, demonstrat-
ing, determinative, effective, effectual, efficacious, eviden- COGNOVIT, noun acknowledged judgment, adjudica-
tial, forceful, forcible, incontestable, incontrovertible, indubi- tion, admitted judgment, conceded judgment, confessed
table, inducive, influential, irrefragable, irrefutable, irresistible, judgment, confirmed judgment, decision, declaration, de-
logical, meritorious, of consequence, past dispute, persua- cree, determination, disclosed judgment, finding, legal
sive, potent, powerful, proving, puissant, reliable, solid, decision
sound, strong, suasive, substantial, telling, to the point, tren-
chant, trustworthy, unanswerable, unconfuted, undeniable, COHABIT, verb abide together, be intimate, conjugate,
undoubtable, undoubted, unequivocal, unquestionable, copulate, couple, dwell together, live in sexual intimacy,
valid, veridical, weighty, well-founded, well-grounded live together, live with, lodge together, reside together,

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room together, share an address, share bed and board, stay COHERENT (Joined), adjective accreted, accretive,
together adherent, adhering, adhesive, agglutinate, agglutinative,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: cohabit as husband and wife allied, amalgamative, cleaving, cleaving together, clinging,
close, coadunate, coagulate, coagulated, coalescent, co-
COHABITATION (Living together), noun abiding to- haerens, cohering, cohesive, combined, composite, com-
gether, act of dwelling together, alliance, living together in pressed, congealed, conglomerate, conglomeratic, congru-
sexual intimacy, lodging together, lodging together as hus- ens, conjoined, conjunct, connected, consolidated,
band and wife, occupying the same domicile, residing to- contextus, coupled, fused, holding together, incorporated,
gether, rooming together indivisible, inseparable, interlinked, interlocked, interre-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: cohabiting in a state of adultery, forni- lated, sticking, sticking together, united, viscous
cation, illicit cohabitation, lewd and lascivious cohabitation
FOREIGN PHRASES: Nuptias non concubitus sed consensus COHESIVE (Compact), adjective close, compressed,
facit. Not cohabitation but consent makes the valid marriage. concentrated, concise, concrete, conjacent, conjunct, con-
solidated, dense, firm, hard, impenetrable, impermeable,
COHABITATION (Married state), noun act of living indivisible, inseparable, pressed together, solid, strong,
together as husband and wife, act of pairing, bond of mat- substantial, terse, thick, tight, to the point, well-knit
rimony, conjugal bliss, conjugality, connubiality, coverture,
domestication, legal relation of spouses to each other, legal COHESIVE (Sticking), adjective adherent, adhering,
union of a man and a woman, marriage, married status, adhesive, agglutinate, agglutinative, attached, cementi-
matrimony, nuptial bond, nuptial tie, state of matrimony, tious, cleaving, clinging, coherent, cohering, conglutina-
union, vinculo matrimonii, wedded state, wedded status, tive, connected, consistent, glutinous, holding together,
wedlock resisting, sticking, tenacious, tied, united
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bigamous cohabitation, cohabiting in
a state of adultery, matrimonial cohabitation, polygamous COHORT, noun abettor, accessory, accomplice, aider
cohabitation and abettor, ally, assistant, associate, attendant, auxiliary,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Nuptias non concubitus sed consensus coadjutor, cohelper, cohors, collaborator, colleague, co-
facit. Not cohabitation but consent makes the marriage. mate, companion, comrade, confederate, consociate, co-
operator, coworker, faithful companion, fellow, fellow con-
COHERE (Adhere), verb affix, agglomerate, agglutinate, spirator, follower, friend, helper, particeps criminis, partner,
attach, be dense, be tacked together, become solid, cement, socius criminis, stalwart, supporter
clasp, cleave, cling, clot, coagulate, coalesce, cohaerere, com-
bine, come together, compress, congeal, conjoin, consolidate, COINCIDE (Concur), verb accede, accept, accord, ac-
fasten, grasp, grow together, hang on, harden, hold fast, hold quiesce, agree, approve, arrive at an agreement, arrive at
on, hold together, hold up, mass, quadrate with, solidify, stay, an understanding, arrive at terms, assent, be accordant, be
stick, stick close, stick on to, stick together, unify, unite at one with, be of the same mind, be one with, come to an
agreement, come to an understanding, come to terms,
COHERE (Be logically consistent), verb accord, agree, conform to, consent, correspond, endorse, give assent, go
be a sound argument, be accordant, be clear, be coherent, along with, harmonize, meet, merge, nod assent to, sub-
be congruous, be intelligible, be logical, be lucid, be ratio- scribe to, synchronize, unite, yield assent
nally connected, be reasonable, be understandable, com-
port with, conform, correspond, hang together, harmonize, COINCIDE (Correspond), verb accompany, be con-
hold together, make sense comitant, be congruent, be contemporaneous, be identical,
be simultaneous, coexist, concurrere, conform to, congru-
COHERENCE, noun adherence, adhesion, adhesiveness, ere, convenire, exist together, fall exactly together, fill iden-
agreement, apprehensibility, attachment, blending, cleavage, co- tical times, fit exactly, go with, happen together, match
herency, cohesion, cohesiveness, comprehensibility, concert,
congruence, congruity, conjunction, connectedness, connection, COINCIDENTAL, adjective accidental, accompanying,
consistency, consolidation, consonance, contextus, continuity, at the same time, by circumstance, casual, chance, circum-
convenientia, correspondence, correspondency, firm hold, fusion, stantial, coexistent, coexisting, coincident, coinciding,
harmony, holding together, intelligibility, interrelation, rationality, coinstantaneous, concomitant, concurrent, conjunctional,
sticking together, understandability, union, unity contemporaneous, corresponding, fortuitous, fortuitus, oc-
curring simultaneously, occurring together, simultaneous,
COHERENT (Clear), adjective adapted to the under- surprising, unexpected, unplanned
standing, apparent, apprehensible, articulate, audible, clear-
cut, cogent, cognizable, cohaerens, comprehensible, concise, COLD (Callous), adjective aloof, antisocial, bleak, brit-
congruens, decipherable, defined, definite, direct, discernible, tle, cold-blooded, coldish, cool, cruel, cutting, detached,
distinct, easily understood, easy to grasp, easy to understand, disinterested, distant, frigid, heartless, ill-tempered, imper-
evident, exact, exoteric, exoterical, explained, explanatory, sonal, inhumane, offish, penetrating, piercing, pitiless, ruth-
explicable, explicatory, explicit, express, expressive, fathom- less, uncharitable, unemotional, unfriendly, unsympathetic
able, forthright, graphic, illuminated, in evidence, intelligible,
interpreted, knowable, legible, logical, logically appealing, COLD (Freezing), adjective arctic, biting, blistering
logically consistent, lucid, luminous, making sense, manifest, cold, brisk, brumal, chilled, chilly, cool, frigid, frosty, gelid,
meaningful, obvious, palpable, pellucid, penetrable, perceiv- glacial, icy, numbed, numbing, polar, raw, refrigerated,
able, perceptible, perspicuous, plain, precise, realizable, rec- sharp, wintry, wrenching
ognizable, scrutable, self-evident, simple, straightforward,
unambiguous, unblurred, unconfused, understandable, un- COLD-BLOODED, adjective aloof, barbarous, brutal,
derstood, undisguised, unequivocal, unmistakable, visible, brutish, calculated, calculating, callous, cold, cold-hearted,
vivid, well-defined, well-marked cruel, cruel hearted, deliberate, demoniac, devilish, diabolic,

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dispassionate, feelingless, fiendish, frigid, hard, hardhearted, COLLATION, noun analogical procedure, analogy, ap-
hardened, heartless, imperturbable, impervious, indifferent, positeness, ascertainment, balance, check, checking, com-
indurate, indurated, inhumane, insensitive, malevolent, mali- parability, comparative estimate, comparison, confirmation,
cious, malign, obdurate, passionless, pitiless, pococurante, conlatio, contrast, correlation, cross-check, determination,
relentless, remorseless, ruthless, savage, soulless, truculent, differentiation, examination, juxtaposition, relation
uncaring, unconcerned, unemotional, unfeeling, unimpress- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: collation of seals, collation of the
ible, uninterested, unkind, unmerciful, unmindful, unmoved, property in an estate
unperturbed, unrelenting, unresponsive, unsolicitous, unsus-
ceptible, unsympathetic, untouched, untroubled, without COLLEAGUE, noun abettor, accessory, accompanier,
heart, without warmth accomplice, adjunct, adjutant, adjuvant, advocate, aider
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: cold-blooded murder and abettor, ally, assistant, associate, attendant, auxiliary,
backer, brother, champion, coadjutant, coadjutor, coad-
COLLABORATE, verb abet, aid, band together, cofunc- jutress, coadjutrix, coadjuvant, coaid, codirector, cohelper,
tion, collude, combine, concur, conspire, cooperate, copro- collaborator, comate, companion, compeer, comrade, con-
duce, harmonize, help, interface, involve, join, join forces, federate, confrère, conlega, consociate, consort, coopera-
join together, league, participate, partner, proceed jointly, tor, coworker, fellow, fellow companion, fellow conspira-
succor, take part, team up, unite, work in concert tor, fellow worker, helper, mate, particeps criminis,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: coconspirator, felony murder participator, partner, seconder, socius criminis, stalwart,
stand-by, votary
COLLABORATOR, noun abettor, affiliate, ally, associ-
ate, cohort, colleague, companion, compatriot, comrade, COLLECT (Gather), verb accumulate, acquire, add to,
confederate, consultant, coworker, intimate, partner, peer, aggregate, amalgamate, amass, assemble, bring to a com-
teammate, workmate mon center, bring to a point of union, bring together, com-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accomplice, coconspirator pile, concentrate, conferre, congerere, conglomerate, con-
solidate, convene, convocare, draw together, embrace, gain,
COLLAPSE, verb atrophy, break, break down, buckle, garner, gather together, group, incorporate, join, mass,
burst, cave in, crack, crash, crumble, crumple, debilitate, muster, pile, put together, reunite, roll into one, unify, unite
decay, decompose, deflate, degenerate, devolve, die, dis- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: collect rent, collect special assess-
integrate, dissipate, fail, fall, flatten, give out, implode, ments
shatter, smash, snap, splinter, tumble, worsen, yield
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: construction cases COLLECT (Recover money), verb accept, acquire, ap-
propriate, arrogate, assume, be given, be paid, collect pay-
COLLATERAL (Accompanying), adjective accessory, ad- ment, demand and obtain payment, exact payment, exe-
ditional, affiliated, ancillary, appertaining, associated, atten- cute, gain, get back, get money, get possession of, levy,
dant, auxiliary, belonging, closely related, concomitant, con- obtain payment, profit, raise, raise contributions, raise
current, conjoined, connected, correlated, correspondent, funds, reacquire, realize, receive money, receive payment,
corresponding, coupled with, entwined, interrelated, parallel, reclaim, recompense, recoup, recover, redeem, regain, re-
related, simultaneous, supplemental, supplementary trieve, secure, secure payment, sequester, settle accounts
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: collateral action, collateral agree- with, take back again, take possession
ment, collateral attack, collateral contract, collateral estop- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: collect a debt, collect on delivery,
pel, collateral note, collateral powers, collateral proceed- collect taxes, collecting bank
ing, collateral promise, collateral source rule, collateral
undertaking, collateral warranties COLLECTION (Accumulation), noun accession, accre-
tion, acervation, acervus, acquisition, addition, agglomeration,
COLLATERAL (Immaterial), adjective being of no im- aggregate, aggregation, amassment, amount accrued, compi-
portance, extraneous, impertinent, inapplicable, inappropri- lation, concentration, congestus, conglomerate, conglomera-
ate, incidental, inconsequential, indifferent, insignificant, in- tion, convergence, cumulation, group, growth by addition,
substantial, irrelevant, meaningless, minor, negligible, heap, hoard, mass, obtainment, pile, stockpile, store
nonessential, nugatory, of little moment, peripheral, second- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: collection of trust funds
ary, trifling, trivial, unconnected, unessential, unimportant
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: collateral evidence, collateral facts, COLLECTION (Assembly), noun aggregation, assem-
collateral fraud, collateral impeachment, collateral inquiry, blage, association, audience, colligation, collocation, com-
collateral issue, collateral matter, collateral question, col- pany, conflux, congregation, conventicle, convention, con-
lateral testimony ventus, crowd, forgathering, gathering, group, ingathering,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Frustra probatur quod probatum non meet, meeting, multitude, muster, rally, reassembly, re-
relevat. It is useless to prove that which when proved is union, throng
irrelevant. ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: freedom of assembly

COLLATERAL RELIEF, noun accessory relief, addi- COLLECTION (Payment), noun acquittance, adjust-
tional relief, adjunct relief, an added judgment, ancillary ment, amends, bearing the cost, cash payment, clearance,
relief, attendant relief, beneficial relief, complementing re- compensation, contribution, defrayal, defrayment, disburse-
lief, extra relief, other relief, resultant relief, resulting relief, ment, discharge, enforcement of judgment, expenditure,
secondary relief, sequential relief, spare relief, subordinate fulfillment, full satisfaction, guerdon, indemnification, in-
relief, supplemental relief, supplementary relief, supporting demnity, installment, making amends, money paid, paying
relief for, payment, price, propitiation, quid pro quo, quittance,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: ancillary administration, ancillary at- receipted payment, recompense, rectification, redress, re-
tachment, ancillary bill, ancillary jurisdiction, ancillary pro- imbursement, remission, remittance, remuneration, repara-
ceeding tion, repayment, requital, restitution, restoration

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 COLLECTIVE

ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: collecting bank, collection agencies, COLLUDE, verb abet, calculate, combine, conceive, con-
collection agent, collection and payment, collection attor- federate, connive, conspire, contrive, cooperate, design, de-
ney, collection districts, collection of money, collection of vise, engineer, foment, frame, incite, intrigue, involve, machi-
taxes, collection officer, for collection only endorsements nate, maneuver, plan, plot, prearrange, predetermine, scheme
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: collusion between husband and wife,
COLLECTIVE, adjective accumulated, accumulative, collusion to circumvent the law, collusive action, fraudulent
aggregate, aggregated, amalgamated, amassed, assem- conveyances
bled, associated, broad, brought together, combined, com-
piled, composite, compound, comprehensive, concen- COLLUSION, noun abetment, act of working together,
trated, concerted, concurrent, confederate, congregate, agreement, agreement for fraud, alliance, association, cabal,
congregational, congregative, considered together, con- chicanery, coadjuvancy, coagency, collaboration, combination
solidated, corporate, cumulative, each and every, encyclo- for fraud, combined operation, complicity, complot, concert,
pedic, entire, every, federative, gathered, general, grouped, concord, concurrence, confederacy, conjunction, conlusio,
integrated, integrative, joined, leagued, massed, mutual, of connivance, conspiracy, contrivance, contriving, cooperation,
the same mind, total, unified, united, universal, unspeci- cooperation for fraud, counterplot, covin, deceit, deceitful
fied, whole, widespread agreement, deceitful compact, deceitfulness, deception, dou-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: collective bargaining, collective bar- ble-dealing, duplicity, foul play, fraud, fraudulence, guile,
gaining agreement hoax, illegal pact, intrigue, intriguery, joint effort, joint plan-
ning, junction, knavery, league, liaison, participation, partici-
COLLECTIVE BARGAINING, noun abatement of dif- pation in fraud, perfidy, plotting, praevaricatio, schemery,
ferences, adjustment, arbitrage, arbitrament, arbitration, scheming, secret association, secret fraudulent understand-
bargaining, compromise, conciliation, conference, interces- ing, secret understanding, secret understanding for fraud,
sion, intermediation, interposition, intervention, mediation, synergism, synergy, treachery, trickery, underhand dealing,
mediatorship, negotiation, package bargaining, pattern underplot, union
bargaining, umpirage ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: collusion in divorcing a spouse, col-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: collective bargaining unit lusion in obtaining the grounds of a divorce, collusion in
procurement of a judgment, collusion to create diversity of
COLLECTIVELY, adverb altogether, as a group, as a citizenship, collusive action, collusive effort, collusive suit,
whole, as one, en banc, en bloc, en masse, fully, in a body, in connivance, conspiracy
all, in conjunction, in its entirety, integrally, in the aggregate,
in toto, mutually, together, totally, unitedly, wholly, withal COLLUSIVE, adjective artful, beguiling, calculating, clan-
destine, confidential, connivant, conniving, conspirational,
COLLIDE (Clash), verb altercate, antagonize, argue, be conspirative, conspiratorial, conspiring, covinous, cunning,
antagonistic, be at cross-purposes, be at variance, be con- deceitful, deceptive, defrauding, designing, fraudulent, furtive,
trary, be discordant, be in antagonism, be incompatible, be guileful, illicitly covert, indirect, insidious, intriguing, obrepti-
inimical, be mutually opposed, conflict with, confront, con- tious, perfidious, plotting, schemeful, scheming, subreptitious,
tend, contradict, contrast with, contravene, controvert, surreptitious, treacherous, undercover, underhanded, wily
counter, counteract, countervail, counterwork, differ, differ ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: collusion as a divorce defense, collu-
in opinion, differ violently, disaccord, disagree, dispute, sive claim, collusive suit, conspiracy, fraud and collusion
dissent, embroil, encounter, entangle, feud, go contrary to,
go in opposition to, hold opposite views, interfere with, COLOR (Complexion), noun apparent character, as-
join issue, object, oppose, oppugn, quarrel, resist, run afoul pects, attribute, bearing, character, characteristics, compo-
of, run against, run at cross-purposes, run counter to, run nent, constitution, denomination, description, designation,
foul of, show hostility, smash up, take issue, traverse, vary, distinction, endowment, faculty, features, fettle, figure, fla-
withstand, work against, wrangle vor, form, hue, image, inclination, kind, likeness, lineament,
make, manner, mark, nature, particularity, peculiarities,
COLLIDE (Crash against), verb bump, bump into, butt posture, principle, quality, shape, species, style, tempera-
against, come in contact, come into collision, come to- ment, tendency, tone, trim, type, variety
gether, confligere, converge, crash into, crash together, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: the color of a case
drive against, drive into, encounter with a shock, enter into
collision, hit, hurtle against, impinge, knock against, knock COLOR (Deceptive appearance), noun act of dissembling,
into, make contact, make impact, meet, run into each other, affectation, allegation, alleged motive, apparent right, appear-
run together, slam into, smash into, strike, strike against, ance, cloak, concealment, cunning, deceit, deception, decep-
strike at, strike forcibly against each other tive covering, device, disingenuousness, display, dissem-
blance, dissimulation, distortion, equivocalness, equivocation,
COLLISION (Accident), noun concussion, contact, con- evasion, exaggeration, external appearance, false appearance,
vergence, crash, encounter, impact, impingement, jar, jolt, falseness, falsification, feint, gloss, guile, guise, impression,
meeting, percussion, pileup, shock, striking together, sud- misrepresentation, misstatement, outward appearance, prae-
den contact, violent contact textus, pretense, pretext, representation, show, simulacrum,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: avoidable collision, collision auto in- simulation, subterfuge, suggestio falsi, suppressio veri
surance, collisions by carriers ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: color a cause of action, color of author-
ity, color of claim, color of interest, color of jurisdiction, color
COLLISION (Dispute), noun affray, altercation, antago- of law, color of office, color of right, color of state law, color
nism, battle, clash, combat, concursio, concursus, conflict, of title, color of title in adverse possession, under color of,
contention, contradiction, contrariety, counteraction, dis- under color of law
agreement, discord, disputation, embroilment, encounter,
fight, fracas, fray, friction, hostility, interference, mêlée, op- COLORABLE (Plausible), adjective ad captandum, al-
position, resistence, skirmish leged, apparent, apparently right, ben trovato, conceivable,

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conjecturable, convincing, credible, feasible, in posse, logi- relaxing, reposeful, restful, resting, snug, soft, suitable,
cal, ostensible, persuasive, presumable, presumptive, ratio- untroubled
nal, reasonable, seeming, seemingly fair, seemingly sound,
seemingly valid, sensible, supposable, surmisable, tenable, COMITY, noun accommodation, accord, affability,
thinkable, verisimilis, warrantable agreeableness, amenity, amiability, amity, benevolence,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: colorable authority, colorable cause, camaraderie, civility, compliance, concord, considerate-
colorable claim, colorable invocation of jurisdiction, color- ness, consideration, cordiality, courtesy, courtly politeness,
able title deference, disposition to please, fellow feeling, friendli-
ness, general reciprocity, gentility, good-fellowship, good
COLORABLE (Specious), adjective appearing, artful, will, graciousness, harmony, mansuetude, mutual consid-
crafty, deceitful, deceiving, deceptive, delusive, delusory, eration, mutual respect, neighborliness, obligingness, po-
factitious, false, feigned, fraudulent, sham, trumped up, untrue liteness, prévenance, reciprocity, respect, respectfulness
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: comity between courts, comity in
COMAKER, noun certifier, coapplicant, coborrower, conflict of laws, comity of nations, comity of states
co-obligor, coratifier, cosignatory, cosigner, endorser, party
to an instrument COMMAND, verb adjure, authorize, bid, call for, call
upon, charge, compel, constrain, decree, demand, direct,
COMBAT, noun altercation, argument, attack, battle, direct imperatively, enact, exact, exercise authority, force,
brawl, clash, conflict, confrontation, contest, controversy, give directions, give orders, govern, have control, homi-
crossfire, disagreement, dispute, duel, face-off, fistfight, nem iubere facere, homini imperare, homini praecipere ut
fracas, fray, hassle, hostilities, melee, operations, pitched faciat, imminere, impose, instruct, issue a command, issue
battle, quarrel, ruckus, scrap, scuffle, skirmish, spat, squab- a decree, issue an order, lead, mandate, ordain, order, order
ble, struggle, warfare with authority, prescribe, proclaim, promulgate an order,
require, rule, state authoritatively, take charge, take the lead
COMBINATION, noun affiliation, aggregate, aggrega- FOREIGN PHRASES: In maleficio, ratihabitio mandato com-
tion, amalgamation, arrangement, assemblage, bringing paratur. In tort, a ratification is regarded as a command.
together, coadjutorship, coalescence, coalition, collection, Qui mandat ipse fecisse videtur. He who gives an order
composition, compound, coniunctio, congregation, conju- is held to be the doer. Ratihabitio mandato aequipara-
gation, conjunction, consolidation, fusion, incorporation, tur. Ratification is equivalent to an express command.
joining, junction, merger, pool, societas, unification, union Remissius imperanti melius paretur. He who commands
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: combination in restraint of trade, combina- more gently is better obeyed.
tion patent, combination to restrict competition and commerce,
combination trademark, combined offense, combined property, COMMEMORATE, verb acclaim, acknowledge, admire,
illegal combination, patentable combination adore, aggrandize, appreciate, bless, celebrate, commend,
compliment, consecrate, decorate, dignify, distinguish, en-
COMBINE (Act in concert), verb act as one, act jointly, noble, enshrine, esteem, eulogize, exalt, glorify, honor, im-
affiliate with, ally, associate, band together, coact, collabo- mortalize, laud, lionize, magnify, monumentalize, pay hom-
rate, collude, concert, confederate, conspire, cooperate, age, pay tribute, perpetuate, praise, recognize, remember,
coordinate, enlist with, enter into partnership with, federate, revere, salute, solemnize, treasure, value, venerate
form a union, harmonize, join forces, join with, league with,
make common cause with, marry, pair with, participate COMMENCE, verb arise, auspicate, begin, bring,
with, pool, rally, syncretize, syndicate, take part, team up broach, come into existence, come into the world, embark
with, unite, work in unison, work together on, engage in, enter upon, inaugurate, incept, incipere,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: Anti-Monoply Act, antitrust initiate, install, institute, introduce, launch, lay the founda-
tions, make one’s debut, open, originate, pioneer, put in
COMBINE (Join together), verb admix, affix, agglutinate, execution, rise, set forth, set in operation, start, take the
amalgamate, annex, append, attach, bind, blend, coalesce, initiative, undertake, venture on
cohere, colligate, commingle, commix, compound, concat- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: commence a prosecution, com-
enate, conglomerate, conglutinate, coniungere, conjoin, con- mence a suit, commence by filing, commence by sum-
nect, consociare, consolidate, couple, entwine, fasten, form mons, commencement of a proceeding, commencement of
a union, fuse, glue, group, immix, inosculate, interblend, in- a suit, commencement of a trial, commencement of action,
terfuse, interlink, intermix, intertwine, intertwist, interweave, duly commenced
intwine, link, make a mixture, meld, merge, mingle, miscere,
mix, paste, piece together, secure, splice, stick together, tack COMMEND, verb acclaim, accredit, acknowledge, ad-
together, tie, unify, unite mire, adore, advocate, applaud, appreciate, approve,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: combined offense, combined property boost, build, build up, compliment, endorse, esteem, extol,
glorify, hail, honor, idolize, laud, pay homage to, praise,
COMFORT, verb abate, accommodate, allay, alleviate, prize, puff up, rate highly, ratify, rave, recognize, recom-
ameliorate, assist, assuage, assure, bolster, buoy, calm, care mend, respect, revere, salute, think highly of, treasure,
for, commiserate, compose, condole, console, ease, ele- value, venerate
vate, empathize, encourage, enliven, feel for, heal, hearten,
help, mitigate, nourish, quiet, reassure, relax, relieve, COMMENSURABLE, adjective analagous, analogical,
salve, soften, solace, soothe, support, sustain, sympathize, coequal, coextensive, coherent, commensurate, compara-
tranquilize, uplift ble, concordant, concurrent, conformable, congruous, con-
sistent, consonant, coordinate, correspondent, equal,
COMFORTABLE, adjective at ease, content, cozy, equivalent, even, identical in size, level, matching, of an
cushy, easeful, easy, habitable, happy, homelike, hospita- equal size, of equal length or volume, parallel, proportional,
ble, inviting, laid-back, nice, peaceful, pleasant, relaxed, proportionate, relative, similar

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COMMENSURATE, adjective acceptable, accordant, international commerce, intrastate commerce, law regulat-
adequate, agreeing, analagous, appropriate, coequal, coexten- ing commerce, navigation and commerce, regulate com-
sive, commeasurable, commensurable, comparable, concor- merce, restraint of commerce
dant, congruent, congruous, consistent, corresponding, equal FOREIGN PHRASES : Commercium jure gentium com-
in extent, equal in measure, equal to, equivalent, fitted, hav- mune esse debet, et non in monopolium et privatum
ing a common measure, in accord, in agreement, in exact paucorum quaestum convertendum. Commerce, by
agreement, matching, of equal duration, of equal extent, of the law of nations, ought to be common, and not con-
equal rank, on a par, on a proper scale, on a suitable scale, verted into monopoly and the private gain of a few
on even terms, paralleling, proportional, proportionate, persons. Jus accrescendi inter mercatores, pro bene-
relative, similar, sufficient, sufficing, suitable, synchronal ficio commercii, locum non habet. The right of survi-
vorship does not exist between merchants for the ben-
COMMENT, noun animadversion, annotation, asser- efit of commerce.
tion, averment, censeo, clarification, commentary, dictum,
elucidation, enucleation, example, exegesis, exemplifica- COMMERCIAL, adjective business, businesslike, com-
tion, explanation, explanatory note, explication, exposition, mercium, economic, engaged in commerce, financial, fiscal,
expounding, expression, finding, footnote, gloss, illumina- in the market, industrial, jobbing, manufactured for sale, mer-
tion, illustration, interpretation, marginal annotation, men- cantile, merchandising, monetary, pecuniary, pertaining to
tion, notation, note, note of explanation, observation, pos- business, pertaining to merchants, pertaining to trade, pre-
tulate, reflection, remark, report, scholium, statement, pared for sale, skilled in commerce, supplying, trade, trading
utterance, word of explanation ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: commercial agency, commercial
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: comment on defendant’s failure to bank, commercial bribery, commercial business, commer-
testify, comment on evidence, comment on witness’ cred- cial consumption, commercial endorsement, commercial
ibility, comment upon the testimony, comments on the frustration, commercial insolvency, commercial law, com-
weight of evidence mercial letter of credit, commercial loan, commercial
mark, commercial partnership, commercial purpose, com-
COMMENT, verb allege, animadvert, annotate, assert, mercial use, commercial zone
bring out, censere, clarify, clear, criticize, declare, define,
descant, dilate upon, discourse upon, discuss, elucidate, COMMERCIAL ACTIVITY, noun activity undertaken as
enlighten, enucleate, exemplify, expand on, explain, expli- part of commercial enterprise, business activity, business
cate, exposit on, expound, express, give a sense to, gloss, endeavors, mercantile activity
illuminate, illustrate, interject, interpose, interpret, make
clear, make notes, make observations, make remarks, COMMERCIAL RIGHTS, noun business rights, eco-
mention, note, notice, observe, opine, pass on, point out, nomic rights, industrial rights, merchandizing rights, prod-
posit, postulate, put a meaning on, rationalize, remark, uct rights, trade rights
remark upon, render intelligible, reprove, review, say,
sententiam dicere, shed light upon, spell out, state, touch COMMERCIAL SPEECH, noun commercial advertis-
upon, treat, utter ing, commercial expression, corporate speech, economic
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: comment on defendant’s failure to speech, promotional speech, speech for profit, speech on
testify, comment on evidence, comment on witness’ behalf of corporation
credibility, comment upon the testimony, comments on the
weight of evidence, prosecutor’s comments on evidence COMMINGLE, verb admix, alloy, amalgamate, assem-
ble, associate, band, bind together, blend, bring in contact
COMMENTARY, noun analysis, annotation, clarifica- with, coalesce, commiscere, combine, commix, compound,
tion, comment, critique, discourse, discussion, dissertation, conglomerate, conjoin, connect, consolidate, consort with,
editorial, elucidation, exegesis, explanation, explication, couple, cross with, embody, entwine, fasten, fuse, harmo-
exposition, illumination, illustration, interpretation, margi- nize, hybridize, immix, incorporate, interbreed, interlace,
nalia, notation, note, notice, observation, proposal, remark, interlard, intermingle, intermix, involve together, join,
report, review, scholium, thesis league, link, lump together, merge, mix, mix together, pair
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: commentaries to the statutes with, piece, put together, run together, scramble, stir, unite
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: commingling of assets, commingling
COMMERCE, noun interstate commerce, bargaining, of funds by an agent, commingling of property
barter, bartering, business, business affairs, business
deals, business intercourse, business transactions, buying COMMINUQUÉ, noun account, announcement, brief-
and selling, chaffering, commercial intercourse, commercium, ing, broadcast, brochure, bulletin, circular, communication,
dealing, exchange, fiscal exchange, industry, industry declaration, directive, disclosure, dispatch, document, ex-
and trade, interchange, interchange of commodities, cerpt, flier, gazette, information, inside story, intelligence,
interchange of goods, intercourse, marketing, mercantile item, letter, memoranda, message, missive, news, note,
business, mercantile relations, mercantilism, mercatura, notice, piece, précis, report, revelation, scoop, skinny,
merchandising, merchantry, monetary exchange, multilat- speech, statement, summary, work
eral trade, negotia, negotiation, private enterprise, pro-
duction and distribution, reciprocal trade, system of COMMISSION (Act), noun accomplishment, achieve-
exchanges, trade, trading, traffic, traffic of commodities, ment, actualization, actuation, attainment, carrying out,
transportation of commodities, transportation of goods completion, consummation, discharge, dispatch, doing,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: affect commerce, affect interstate effecting, effectuation, enactment, enforcement, execution,
commerce, arising under a law regulating commerce, com- exercise, exercising, fruition, fulfilment, implementation,
merce among the several states, commerce clause, com- inflicting, infliction, making, mandatum, operation, perpe-
merce power, commerce with foreign nations, commercial tration, realization, transaction
code, commercial paper, industry affecting commerce, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: commission of crime

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COMMISSION (Agency), noun advisory group, ap- COMMITMENT (Responsibility), noun accountability,
pointed group, board, board of inquiry, body of commis- accountableness, agreement, allegiance, assignment, as-
sioners, body of delegates, body of deputies, bureau, cabi- surance, burden, call of duty, charge, conscience, contract,
net, consultants, convocation, council, delegation, covenant, devoir, duty, engagement, faithfulness, incum-
deliberative group, embassy, executive committee, investi- bency, mission, obligation, onus, pledge, promise, sense of
gating committee, planning board, representatives, stand- duty, solemn declaration, trust, undertaking, vow, warrant
ing committee, trustees
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: advisory body, Federal Trade Commission, COMMITTEE, noun advisory group, agency, alliance,
Municipal Commission, Public Service Commission appointed group, association, board, body, body of
consultants, bureau, cabinet, commission, confederacy,
COMMISSION (Fee), noun allotment, allowance, confederation, congregation, consilium, council, delega-
bonus, compensation, consideration, defrayment, dis- tion, federation, fellowship, group of delegates, league,
bursement, dividend, earnings, emolument, extra com- organization, organized group, representatives, staff,
pensation, increment, interest, pay, pay-off, payment, syndicate, trustees
percentage, percentage compensation, portion, proceeds, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: campaign committee, committee of
profit, recompense, reimbursement, remuneration, repay- the whole, political committee, standing committee
ment, return, reward, salary, share of profits, stipend, sub-
sidy, wage COMMODITIES, noun articles, articles of commerce,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: broker’s commission, commission articles of merchandise, articles of trade, assets, chattels,
merchant, compensation, fees, finder’s commission, profits goods, holdings, items, merchandise, merx, movables,
objects, possessions, produce, produced materials, prod-
COMMIT (Entrust), verb allot, assign, authorize, ucts, properties, raw materials, res, specialties, staples, stock,
charge, charge with, commission, confer a trust, confide, stock in trade, vendibles, wares
consign, convey, delegate, employ, empower, engage, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: agricultural commodity, commodity
grant authority to, invest, invest with power, make respon- rate, horticultural commodity, public utility commodity,
sible for, put an obligation upon, put in the hands of, rele- stocks and bonds
gate to, trust, turn over to, vest in
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: commit to a writing COMMON (Customary), adjective accepted, ascer-
tained, commonplace, conventional, current, currently
COMMIT (Institutionalize), verb arrest, confine, consign, perceived, established, everyday, familiar, frequent, gener-
constrain, deliver into custody, enthrall, hold in constraint, ally known, natural, normal, often met with, ordinary,
hold in restraint, immure, impound, imprison, incarcerate, popular, prevailing, prevalent, publicly known, received,
intern, jail, lock up, place in confinement, put in custody, recognized, repeatedly recognized, traditional, typical,
recommit to custody, remand to custody, remit to custody, universally known, usual, usually understood, well-known,
restrain, send to an asylum, send to jail, send to prison widely known, widespread
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: commit to a hospital, commit to a ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: common assault, common-law, com-
mental institution, commit to prison, committing magistrate mon-law burglary, common-law contempt, common-law
copyright, common-law crime, common-law forgery,
COMMIT (Perpetrate), verb accomplish, achieve, act, common-law jurisdiction, common-law larceny, com-
act on, administer, apply oneself to, be a participator in, mon-law lien, common-law marriage, common-law
be a party to, be an accomplice, be engaged in, be en- misdemeanor, common-law murder, common-law nui-
grossed in, bring about, bring to pass, carry into execu- sance, common-law remedy, common-law trademark,
tion, carry on, carry out, carry through, complete, con- common-law trust, common-law wife, common liability,
summate, discharge, discharge the duties of, effect, common peril, common question of law or fact, common
employ oneself, execute, finish, fulfill, go through with, seal, common source of title, common stock, common
inflict, occupy oneself with, operate, participate in, per- thief, common use
form, realize, transact
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: commit an offense against the United COMMON (Shared), adjective belonging equally to,
States belonging to all, belonging to many, collective, communal,
communis, commutual, conjoint, cooperative, for the use
COMMIT TO WRITING, verb affirm, assert, assure, at- of all, in partnership, joint, mutual, owned jointly, partici-
test, authenticate, be bound, certify, circumstantiate, com- pating, participatory, pertaining to the whole community,
memorate, contract, covenant, document, guarantee, in- pooled, popular, public, publicus, reciprocal, shared among
scribe, insure, make a statement, note, ratify, set down, sign several, shared by two or more, universal, used by all
a pact, stipulate, subscribe, underwrite, validate, warrant ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: common adventure, common belief,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: agreements, contracts, holographic will common boundary line, common carrier, common council,
common directors, common disaster, common driveway,
COMMITMENT (Confinement), noun committal, common enemy doctrine, common enterprise, common
confining, constraint, detention, durance, handing over good, common interest, common jurisdiction, common
into custody, holding in constraint, holding in restraint, knowledge, common labor, common lands, common ne-
immuring, impoundment, imprisonment, incarcerating, cessity, common plan, common plea courts, common
incarceration, interning, internment, jailing, legal confine- property, common recovery, common rights, common
ment, legal constraint, locking up, mittimus, placing in scheme, common stock, common wall, common walls
confinement, putting in custody, remanding to custody,
remitting to custody, restraint, restriction, sending to jail, COMMON KNOWLEDGE, noun accepted fact,
sentencing acknowledgment, announcement, annunciation, avow-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: commitment to an institution, com- ance, declaration, disclosure, dissemination, experience,
mitment to jail exposé, familiarity, general information, history, learning,

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manifestation, notoriety, patefactio, public disclosure, telegraph communication, telephonic communication, ver-
public knowledge, public notice, publicness, state of bal communication, written communication
being public
COMMUNICATION (Statement), noun announce-
COMMON SENSE, noun acumen, astuteness, bal- ment, annunciation, declaration, disclosure, dissemination,
anced judgment, calmness, clear thinking, composure, ex- divulgement, information, message, news, notification,
perience, experienced view, good judgment, good sense, proclamation, report, revelation, utterance, writing
intelligence, intuition, judgment, level-headedness, logic,
mental poise, native reason, natural sagacity, ordinary COMMUNITY, noun body, body politic, borough, citi-
judgment, ordinary sense, plain sense, plausibility, practical zenry, city, civilization, civitas, commonalty, common-
discernment, practical knowledge, practicality, presence of wealth, commune, group, inhabitants, kinship, locality, mu-
mind, prudence, rational faculty, rationality, reason, reason- nicipality, neighborhood, partnership, people, polity,
ableness, resourcefulness, sagacity, sapience, savoir faire, populace, population, respublica, society, town
sensibleness, sober-mindedness, sobriety, solidity, sound ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: community estate, community inter-
perception, sound sense, sound understanding, unbiased est, community of right or interest, community property
impulse, understanding, unemotional consideration, wis-
dom, worldly wisdom COMMUTE, verb abate, abbreviate, abridge, allay, alle-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: commonsense reading of a statute, viate, alter, ameliorate, bate, change, change penalties, cur-
commonsense ruling tail, cut, decrease a punishment, dilute, diminish, ease, ex-
change, exchange penalties, lessen, lighten, limit, make less
COMMOTION, noun affray, agitatio, agitation, alter- extreme, make less harsh, make less intense, make less rig-
cation, brawl, clamor, clash, conflict, confusion, convulsion, orous, make less rough, make less severe, make lighter,
disorder, disorderliness, disorganization, disquiet, disqui- make milder, meliorate, minimize, mitigate, modify sen-
etude, disturbance, ebullition, embroilment, encounter, tence, palliate, reduce, reduce a punishment, reduce in
entanglement, eruption, excitement, ferment, fermenta- asperity, relax severity, relieve, render less difficult, shorten,
tion, fight, fomentation, fracas, fray, furor, imbroglio, inqui- shrink, slacken, slash, soften, substitute, temper, tone down,
etude, insurgence, insurrection, maelstrom, mayhem, trim, truncate
mêlée, moil, motus, noisy strife, overthrow, pandemonium, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: commute a sentence
perturbation, public disturbance, quarrel, racket, rampage,
rebellion, restlessness, rising insubordination, row, ruction, COMPACT (Dense), adjective arranged within a small
scuffle, skirmish, stir, struggle, tempest, tumult, tumultus, space, bunched, close, close-knit, close-set, close together,
turba, turbulence, turmoil, tussle, unruliness, upheaval, closely united, clustered, cohesive, compacted, compressed,
uprising, uproar, violence, welter, whirl concentrated, condensed, consolidated, constricted, con-
stringed, contracted, crammed, crowded, densified, economical
COMMUNICATE, verb acquaint, advertise, advise, an- of space, firm, firmly united, forced into smaller space,
nounce, apprise, articulate, assert, bandy words, breathe, hard, massed, massive, packed, populous, pressed into
bring word, broadcast, commerce with, commune, commu- smaller compass, pressed together, rammed, serried, solid,
nicare, confabulate, converse, convey, correspond, deal with, solidified, space saving, squeezed together, stuffed, thick,
declare, demonstrate, disclose, discourse with, divulge, en- tight, tightly knit
gage in a conversation, enlighten, enunciate, express, famil-
iarize, find words to express, give an account, give expres- COMPACT (Pithy), adjective abbreviated, abbreviatory,
sion, give notice, give notification, give one to understand, abridged, abstracted, aphoristic, aphoristical, apothegmatic,
give the facts, give tongue, give utterance, give voice, have apothegmatical, brief, compendious, concise, condensed,
intercourse, impart, inform, instill, instruct, interchange contracted, crisp, curt, digested, direct, epigrammatic, epito-
thoughts, intercommunicate, lay before, let know, let out, mized, expressed concisely, gnomic, gnomical, laconic,
make known, mention, narrate, notify, parley, present facts, meaty, outlined, pointed, recapitulated, sententious, short,
proclaim, pronounce, publicize, put forth, put in words, re- shortened, shrunk, straightforward, succinct, summarized,
late, reveal, say, send word, serve notice, set forth, signify, summary, summed up, synoptic, telescoped, terse, tidy, to
sound, speak one’s mind, speak, specify, talk, teach, tell, traf- the point, trim
fic with, transmit, utter, verbalize, vocalize, voice, write
COMPACT, noun agreement, agreement between par-
COMMUNICATE EFFECTIVELY, verb broadcast, clarify, ties, arrangement, bargain, cartel, commitment, compro-
communicate, convey, decipher, decode, define, deliver, mise, concord, concordat, contract, contractual obligation,
demonstrate, demystify, descramble, disambiguate, dis- contractual statement, convention, conventus, covenant,
seminate, elucidate, enlighten, enunciate, explain, explain deal, entente, entente cordiale, indenture, mutual pledge,
in plain language, explicate, get across, get through to, il- mutual promise, obligation, pact, pactio, pactum, pledge,
luminate, impart, make crystal clear, particularize, simplify, promise, stipulation, treaty, understanding
spell out, tell ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: interstate compact
FOREIGN PHRASES: Pacta privata juri publico derogare non
COMMUNICATION (Discourse), noun collocution, possunt. Private compacts cannot derogate from public
colloquy, communicatio, communiqué, conference, con- right. Re, verbis, scripto, consensu, traditione, junctura
versation, correspondence, dialogue, dissertation, ex- vestes sumere pactasolent. Agreements usually take their
change, interchange, intercommunication, intercourse, clothing from the thing itself, from words, from writing,
interlocution from consent, from delivery.
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: attorney and client communication,
conditionally privileged communication, confidential com- COMPANION, noun abettor, accessory, accomplice,
munication, husband and wife communication, physician adherent, adjunct, aide, ally, assistant, associate, attendant,
and patient communication, privileged communication, auxiliary, buddy, cohort, collaborator, colleague, comate,

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compatriot, compeer, comrade, concomitant, consort, amity, attunement, balance, coexistence, comity, common
cooperator, counterpart, countryman, coworker, crony, view, companionship, compliance, concord, concordance,
deputy, friend, helper, mate, pal, partner, peer, supporter, concurrence, conformity, congeniality, congruity, congru-
teammate ousness, consensus omnium, consent, consentaneity, con-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: coconspirator, felony murder sistency, consonance, cooperation, coordination, entente,
equanimity, harmony, mutual understanding, rapport, rec-
COMPANY (Assemblage), noun aggregation, assembled onciliation, unanimity, union, unity
body, assemblée, assembly, attroupement, caucas, coalition, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: incompatibility
conclave, conference, confluence, conflux, congregation, con-
gress, convention, convergence, convocation, crowd, gather- COMPEL, verb bear down against, bear hard upon,
ing, group, ingathering, league, meeting, mustering, societas blackmail, bring pressure to bear upon, burden, cause, co-
erce, cogere, command, compellere, constrain, control,
COMPANY (Enterprise), noun association, body corpo- decree, demand, dictate, distrain, drive, elicit, employ
rate, business, business establishment, coetus, combina- force, enforce, exact, force, impel, impose, impose a duty,
tion, commercial enterprise, concern, confederacy, conso- inflict, insist, leave no option, limit, necessitate, obligate,
ciation, copartnership, corporate body, corporation, oblige, obtrude on, order, press, pressure, put under obliga-
establishment, federation, firm, grex, guild, institute, joint tion, require, restrict, subigere, subject, take no denial,
concern, organization, partnership threaten, urge, urge forward
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: affiliated company, company union, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: compel accused to give evidence
construction company, corporation, holding company against himself, compel by legal process, compel to testify
under a grant of immunity
COMPARABLE (Capable of comparison), adjective
akin, alike, analagous, analogical, approximate, associated, COMPELLING, adjective absolute, assertive, authorita-
close, cognate, commensurable, comparabilis, congeneric, tive, binding, categorical, coercive, commanding, compul-
correlative, homogeneous, homologous, kindred, like, sive, compulsory, constraining, decisive, dominant, driv-
much the same, parallel, related, resembling, similar ing, emphatic, enforcing, forcible, gravis, great, impelling,
imperative, incisive, inducive, influential, involuntary, irre-
COMPARABLE (Equivalent), adjective coequal, com- sistible, necessary, obligatory, obsessing, obsessional, obses-
mensurate, equable, equal in value, equipollent, even, sive, of necessity, omnipotent, overpowering, overriding,
identical, interchangeable, matched, matching, on par, overruling, overwhelming, peremptory, potent, predomi-
tantamount, undeviating, uniform, unvarying, without nant, preeminent, preponderant, pressing, propulsive, puis-
distinction sant, strong, thrustful, trenchant, unavoidable, validus, vehe-
mens, vigorous, weighty
COMPARATIVE, adjective analagous to, comparable, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: compelling interest, compelling ne-
comparativus, connected with, contrastive, correlative, cor- cessity, compelling need
responding to, estimated by comparison, in connection
with, in proportion to, in relation to, in relation with, in COMPELLING GOVERNMENT INTEREST, noun cru-
respect to, in the same category, judged by comparison, cial government interest, government interest that is com-
matching, metaphorical, pertaining to, pertinent to, refer- pelling enough to pass the strict scrutiny test, necessary
able to, referential, referring, relating to, relational, relative, government interest, vital government interest
rivaling, similar to, similitudinous, vying with, with refer-
ence to, with regard to, with relation to COMPENDIUM, noun abbreviation, abridgment, ab-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: comparative injury, comparative neg- stract, breviary, brief, capsule, compend, concise treatment,
ligence, comparative rectitude condensation, conspectus, contraction, digest, epitoma,
epitome, essence, extract, outline, pandect, précis, recapit-
COMPARE, verb aequiperare, analogize, balance ulation, review, summary, survey, syllabus, synopsis
against, bring into comparison, bring into meaningful relation
with, bring into relation, comparare, componere, conferre, COMPENSATE (Counterbalance), verb act against with
contrast, correlate, differentiate, discriminate between, distin- equal force, allow for, atone, balance, be equivalent, com-
guish between, draw a parallel, equate, estimate relatively, pensare, correspond, counteract, counterpoise, countervail,
exercise critical judgment, identify with, juxtapose, liken, counterweigh, equalize, equate, equilibrate, even, furnish
match, measure, note the similarities and differences, paral- an equivalent, level off, make equal, make level, make
lel, parallelize, place in juxtaposition, put alongside, relate, steady, make up for, neutralize, offset, oppose, produce
represent as resembling, set side by side, show correspon- equilibrium, restore to equilibrium, set off, square, stabilize,
dence, show to be analagous, show to be similar, weigh strike a balance
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: comparative negligence, comparing
equities COMPENSATE (Remunerate), verb allow for, defray,
discharge a debt, give equal value, give satisfaction for
COMPARISON, noun alikeness, analogical procedure, damage, give satisfaction for injury, honor, indemnify, make
analogy, association, balance, comparatio, comparative payment, make restitution, pay damages, pay for, pay in
estimate, conlatio, contrast, correlation, equation, mea- full, pay the equivalent, pay the value, pay wages, recom-
surement, nearness, parallel, rapprochement, relative esti- pense, redress, refund, reimburse, remit, remunerari, remu-
mate, relative estimation, resemblance nerate for injury, repay, repay for a loss, return, reward,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: comparison of negligence of oppos- reward for a loss, reward for an injury, salary, satisfy, settle
ing parties accounts with
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: compensation for expenses, com-
COMPATIBILITY, noun acclimation, accommodation, pensation for goods sold and delivered, compensation for
accord, accordance, adjustment, affiliation, agreement, hospital bills, compensation for injuries, compensation

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for out-of-pocket expenses, compensation for pain and suf- normalcy, normality, normalness, rationality, reason, rea-
fering, compensation for the negligent acts of another, sonability, sanemindedness, saneness, sense, senses, sound
compensation for wrongdoing, costs, fair and reasonable mind, soundmindedness, soundness, soundness of mind
compensation, fees, penalties, reimbursement, wages, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: age of maturity, competency of a wit-
workmen’s compensation ness, competent and intelligent waiver of counsel, age of
maturity, infancy, legally competent, mental competence,
COMPENSATION, noun amends, atonement, com- non compos mentis
mutation, compensatio, consideration, damages, defrayal, FOREIGN PHRASES: Furiosi nulla voluntas est. A madman
defrayment, earnings, emolument, equivalent given for in- has no will.
jury, equivalent given for loss sustained, fee, financial remu-
neration, guerdon, indemnification, indemnity, meed, COMPETENCY (Capacity), noun ability, clear-mind-
monetary remuneration, pay, payment, payment of dam- edness, coherence, efficiency, faculty, fitness, lucidity,
ages, quittance, reclamation, recompensation in value, mental capacity, mental equilibrium, qualification, rea-
recompense, recoupment, recovery, rectification, reim- sonableness
bursement, remuneration, remuneration for injury, repara- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: competency of a guarantor, compe-
tion, repayment, requital, restoration, retainer, retaining tency of a guardian, competency of an executive, compe-
fee, retrieval, return, reward, reward for injury, reward for tency of counsel, competency of jurors to serve on a panel,
loss, reward for service, salary, satisfaction, satisfaction for competency of parties to testify, competency of trustees,
damage, satisfaction for injury, settlement, solatium, wages competency of witnesses, competency to stand trial, com-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: adequate compensation, adjusted petency to testify, incompetence, objections raised over the
compensation, agreement for compensation, compensa- competency of a witness, withdrawal from serving in desig-
tory damages, fair and reasonable compensation, full com- nated capacity due to a lack of competency
pensation, just and adequate compensation, payments of
compensation, reasonable compensation COMPETENCY (Sufficiency), noun abundance, ade-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Corporalis injuria non recipit aestima- quacy, applicability, capability, craft, dexterity, efficacy, effec-
tionem de futuro. A personal injury cannot be compen- tiveness, mastery, proficiency, prowess, satisfactoriness, skill
sated for by later acts. ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: competency to stand trial, compe-
tency to testify, competency of witnesses
COMPENSATORY, adjective atoning, balancing, com-
pensating, compensative, equivalent, expiating, expiatory, COMPETENT, adjective able, accomplished, adept, ad-
in compensation, indemnificatory, paying, propitiating, rec- equate, adroit, artful, capable, competere, conversant, credi-
ompensive, redemptive, refunding, reimbursing, remitting, ble, deft, dexterous, effective, effectual, efficacious, efficient,
remunerative, reparative, repaying, restitutive, restitutory, enterprising, excellent, experienced, expert, fit, good, inge-
retributive, rewardful, rewarding, satisfying, unindebted nious, learned, masterful, masterly, mentally capable, prac-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: compensatory damages, compensa- ticed, prepared, proficient, properly qualified, qualified,
tory penalties ready, resourceful, responsible, satisfactory, skilled, skillful,
sufficient, suitable, trained, versed, well-fitted
COMPETE, verb battle, be a candidate, be in the run- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: capax negotii, competent and intelli-
ning, certare, challenge, clash, combat, contend, contest, gent waiver of counsel, competent authority, competent
cum homine contendere, duel, employ stratagem, encounter, court, competent evidence, competent jurisdiction, com-
engage in a contest, enter, enter competition, joust, match petent witness, legally competent, mentally competent
strength with, match wits with, oppose, participate in, rival,
spar, strive, struggle, take part, tilt, vie with, wrestle COMPETITION, noun attempt to equal, bout, chal-
lenge, combat, conflict, contentio, contest, corrivalry, encoun-
COMPETENCE (Ability), noun adequacy, adroitness, ter, engagement, open contest, opposition, outrivalry, pit-
aptitude, capability, capacity, conversance, dexterity, effec- ting of strength, pitting of wits, race, rivalry, scramble,
tiveness, effectuality, efficacy, eligibility, enablement, endow- strife, striving for superiority, struggle for superiority, trial of
ment, equipment, experience, facility, faculty, fitness, flair, superiority, vying for ascendance
forte, gift, grasp, intelligence, legal competence, legal fit- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: competitive bidding, competitive
ness, mastery, potency, proficiency, qualifications, responsi- class, competitive examination, fair competition, free and
bility, skill, skillfulness, sufficiency, suitability, talent, training open competition, unfair competition, unreasonable inter-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: competency of a witness, competent ference with competition
and intelligent waiver of counsel, competent authority,
competent jurisdiction, legally competent COMPETITIVE (Antagonistic), adjective adverse, at
FOREIGN PHRASES: Homo potest esse habilis et inhabilis issue, at variance, challenging, clashing, colliding, combat-
diversis temporibus. A man may be capable and incapa- ant, combative, combatting, competing, competitory, con-
ble at different times. Nemo praesens nisi intelligat. One flicting, contending, contentious, contrary, counteractive,
is not present unless he understands. Nullus idoneus tes- decided by competition vying, discordant, disputatious,
tis in re sua intelligitur. No person is deemed to be a dissident, emulative, in competition, opposing, oppugnant,
competent witness in his own behalf. Pupillus pati posse rival, rivaling, striving, vying
non intelligitur. An infant is not considered able to do an ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: competitive bidding, competitive
act to his own prejudice. Sola ac per se senectus donatio- class, competitive examination, unfair competition
nem testamentum aut transactionem non vitiat. Old
age alone and of itself will not vitiate a will or gift. COMPETITIVE (Open), adjective accessible to all,
common, comprehensive, equal, free, free to all, general,
COMPETENCE (Sanity), noun capability, clearminded- nonexclusive, not partial, not privileged, open to the pub-
ness, coherence, healthy mindedness, lucidity, mental bal- lic, popular, public, unbounded, unclosed, unconfined,
ance, mental capacity, mental equilibrium, mental health, universal, unrestrained, unrestricted

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ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: fair competition, free and open com- initiatory pleading, pleading in a civil action, preferment of
petition, unreasonable interference with competition charges, prosecution, protest, protestation, querimonia,
remonstrance, statement of the plaintiff’s cause, substance
COMPILATION, noun accretion, accumulation, ag- of a charge
glomeration, aggregation, anthology, arrangement, assem- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bill of complaint, petition, cross com-
blage, classification, codification, collection, colligation, plaint, verified complaint
collocation, combination, conglomeration, consolidation,
gathering, incorporation, miscellany, selection COMPLAISANT, adjective acquiescent, agreeable,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: Official Compilation of Codes, Rules amenable, amiable, biddable, compliant, conformable, con-
and Regulations tented, controllable, curbed, disciplinable, docile, duteous,
dutiful, easy, easy-going, friendly, generous, good-natured,
COMPILE, verb accumulate, agglomerate, aggregate, good-tempered, governable, gracious, happy, indulgent,
amass, anthologize, arrange, arrange materials for publica- inhibited, kowtowing, law-abiding, lenient, manageable,
tion, assemble, bring together, bunch, bunch together, obedient, obeisant, obliging, obsequious, permissive, po-
cluster, collect, combine, componere, compose, conglom- lite, repressed, restrained, satisfied, serene, servile, soft,
erate, cull, cumulate, draw together, draw up, extract from submissive, subordinate, subservient, surrendering, tracta-
other works, garner, gather, gather together, glean, group, ble, unconcerned, yielding
group together, lump together, make up, mass, prepare,
recapitulate, select, select and arrange, unite, write COMPLEMENT, noun companion, complementum,
completion, congener, coordinate, correlate, correspon-
COMPLACENT, adjective at ease, carefree, complai- dent, corresponding part, counterpart, pendant, reciprocal,
sant, compliable, compliant, composed, content, con- remainder, rest, supplement
tented, fulfilled, gratified, peaceful of mind, placid,
pleased, qui sibi placet, reposeful, resigned, satisfied, self- COMPLETE (All-embracing), adjective absolute, all,
content, self-satisfied, serene, smug, suffisant, tranquil, all-comprehending, all-comprehensive, all-covering, all-inclu-
unvexed sive, all-pervading, all-sufficing, blanket, broad-based, capa-
cious, comprehensive, consummate, developed, encyclope-
COMPLAIN (Charge), verb accusare, accuse, arraign, dic, entire, exhaustive, expansive, extensive, full, global,
blame, bring a suit, bring an action, bring charges, bring inclusive, of great scope, overall, plenary, sweeping, thor-
proceedings against, bring up on charges, censure, chal- ough, thoroughgoing, total, unconditional, undiminished,
lenge, charge with, cite, criminate, declaim against, undivided, unimpaired, unqualified, unreduced, unre-
delate, denounce, denunciate, file a charge, file a claim, served, unrestricted, unsevered, utter, very thorough,
file a suit, implicate, impute, incriminate, inculpate, inform wide-embracing, with no exception, without omissions
against, institute a lawsuit, lay an information, lay blame ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: complete abandonment, complete
upon, lay responsibility on, lay the blame on, lodge a and adequate remedy at law, complete contract, complete
complaint, make an accusation, prefer charges, prosecute, coverage, complete delivery, complete jurisdiction, com-
reprehend, reproach, reprobate, start an action, state a plete liquidation, complete ownership, complete record,
grievance, sue, take action complete relief, complete remedy, complete title, com-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: complain of a criminal act, complain pleted instrument
of a tortious act
COMPLETE (Ended), adjective accomplished,
COMPLAIN (Criticize), verb accuse, admonish, ani- achieved, at an end, brought to a conclusion, carried
madvert, asperse, assail, be critical, be dissatisfied, berate, through, closed, completed, completive, concluded, con-
blame, carp, cast aspersions, castigate, cavil, censure, chas- clusive, consummated, culminated, decided, definitive,
tise, chide, condemn, conqueri de rem, contravene, decry, disposed of, done, effected, effectuated, executed, final,
defy, denounce, deprecate, differ, disagree, disapprove, finished, over, performed, realized, set at rest, settled, ter-
disparage, faultfind, find fault, find fault with, malign, object, minated, terminational, terminative, through
object to, oppose, protest, rebuke, remonstrate, repine,
reprehend, reprimand, reproach, reprove, speak ill of, take COMPLETE, verb accomplish, achieve, apply a closure,
exception, take exception to, upbraid bring to a close, bring to an end, bring to conclusion, bring
to maturity, bring to perfection, carry out, carry through,
COMPLAINANT, noun accusant, accuser, aggrieved carry to completion, clinch, close, conclude, consummate,
party, challenger, charger, claimant, complaining party, determine, discharge, dispatch, dispose of, draw to a close,
delator, denouncer, impeacher, incriminator, indicter, in- end, finalize, finish, follow through, fulfill, perfect, polish,
dictor, libelant, litigant, one instigating an action, opposing realize, seal, succeed, terminate, wind up
party, party, party to a suit, petitioner, petitioner for legal FOREIGN PHRASES: Extincto subjecto, tollitur adjunctum.
redress, plaintiff, preferror of charges, prosecution, prose- When the substance is extinguished, the incident ceases.
cutor, public prosecutor, relator, suitor
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: complainant’s costs, complaining COMPLETION, noun accomplishment, achievement, at-
witness tainment, climax, close, commission, conclusion, consequence,
consummation, course, crowning, culmination, denouement,
COMPLAINT, noun accusal, accusation, allegation, bill discharge, dissolution, effectuation, end, ending, entirety, ex-
of indictment, case, case for the prosecution, charge, cita- ecution, expiration, extremity, fait accompli, finale, finality, fin-
tion, count, crimination, criticism, denouncement, denun- ish, fulfillment, maturity, outcome, perfection, performance,
ciation, expostulation, first pleading, formal allegation, realization, sequel, settlement, sufficiency, termination, termi-
gravamen of a charge, grievance, incrimination, indictment, nus, transaction, windup
information, information against, litigation, main charge, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bankruptcy, completion of a trial, dis-
objection, particular charge, petition, plaint, plaintiff’s solution

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COMPLEX, adjective abstruse, bewildering, chaotic, hindrance, imbroglio, impediment, implicatio, incomprehen-
circuitous, complicated, confused, convoluted, difficult, sibility, inextricability, inscrutability, intricacy, intrigue, involu-
elaborated, enigmatic, entangled, flexuous, impenetrable, tion, involved state, involvement, labyrinth, obscurity, obsta-
implicated, inextricable, inscrutable, interlaced, interwo- cle, obstruction, perplexity, predicament, puzzle, quandary,
ven, intricate, involuted, involutional, involved, irreducible, sinuosity, stumbling block, unforeseen circumstance
jumbled, kaleidoscopic, knotted, labyrinthine, mingled,
muddled, multiplex, obscure, perplexing, recondite, sinu- COMPLICITY, noun abetment, alliance, artifice, asso-
ous, snarled, tangled, tortuous, unarranged, unclassified, ciation, bad faith, collaboration, collusion, collusiveness,
undecipherable, unfathomable, unorganized, varied complexity, concert, concurrence, confederacy, conniv-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: complex issues to be tried ance, conspiracy, contribution, contrivance, corruption,
criminal participation, entanglement, guilt, implication, intri-
COMPLEX (Development), noun aggregate, aggrega- cacy, intrigue, mutual assistance, league, plot, scheme
tion, association, collectivity, compages, composite, com- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: complicity to commit a crime
pound, conglomerate, conglomeration, group, network, orga-
nization, structure, system, totality, unity COMPLY, verb abide by, accede to, accept, accommo-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: building complex, industrial com- date, acknowledge, acquiesce in, adhere to, agree with,
plex, residential housing complex assent to, attend to orders, be faithful to, be willing, carry
into effect, carry into execution, carry out, cease resistance,
COMPLEX (Entanglement), noun clutter, complexus, complete, concedere, concur, conform to, consent to, coop-
complication, confusion, convolution, derangement, difficulty, erate with, defer to, fall in with, fit, fulfill, give consent to,
disarrangement, disarray, disorder, disorganization, enmesh- go along with, harmonize with, morem gerere, not resist,
ment, imbroglio, intricacy, involution, involvement, jumble, obey, observe, parere, perform, relent, resign oneself to,
labyrinth, maze, muddle, multiplex, snag, snarl, tangle, twist respect, satisfy, stoop, submit to, succumb, yield to
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: compliance with statutes
COMPLEXION, noun apparent character, apparent
state, appearance, aspect, carriage, character, color, con- COMPONENT, noun aspect, basic substance, comple-
tour, demeanor, display, disposition, external appearance, ment, component part, constituent, constituent part, content,
facet, fashion, favor, feature, figure, form, guise, image, division, element, elementary unit, factor, feature, fragment,
impression, look, manifestation, manner, mien, nature, fundamental part, ingredient, installment, integral part,
outline, outward appearance, port, posture, presence, item, material part, one of the contents, part, particular
quality, regard, respect, semblance, shape, slant, spirit, part, physical element, piece, portion, principle part, sec-
style, temper, tenor, tone, view, visage tion, sector, segment, subdivision, unit, unit of composition
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: complexion of the case ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: component parts

COMPLIANCE, noun accedence, acceptance, accom- COMPORT (Agree with), verb accord with, attune, be
modation, accord, accordance, acquiescence, adaptability, accordant, be applicable, be apposite, be appropriate, be
adherence, agreeability, agreement, assent, bowing, com- apt, be consistent, be consonant, be in accordance with,
pliancy, concession, concord, concurrence, conformability, be in keeping, be in tune with, be suitable, become, befit,
conformance, conformity, consent, consonance, conso- belong, chime in with, click, cohere, coincide, concur, con-
nancy, cooperation, dutifulness, harmony, keeping, non- form, correspond, fall in with, fit, fit in, fit together, harmo-
resistance, obedience, obsequium, observance, pliancy, nize, jibe, match, mesh with, quadrate, reconcile, render
submission, tractability, tractableness, willingness to com- accordant, square with, suit, tally
ply, yielding, yieldingness
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: compliance with the law, in compli- COMPORT (Behave), verb acquit, act, appear, conduct,
ance with statute, strict compliance, substantial compliance demean, deport, discipline, manage, perform, present one-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Impotentia excusat legem. The impos- self, quit, represent, seem, show manner, show mien
sibility of performing a legal duty is an excuse from the ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: demeanor of a witness
performance. Obedientia est legis essentia. Obedience is
the essence of the law. COMPOSE, verb accomplish, achieve, actualize, arrange,
author, be responsible, be the agent, be the cause of, be the
COMPLIANT, adjective accepting, accommodating, reason, bring about, bring into being, bring into effect, bring
acquiescent, agreeable, amenable, assenting, charitable, into existence, build, call into being, call into existence, carry
collaborative, concordant, concurring, conformable, con- into execution, cause, cause to be, cause to exist, chalk out,
forming, consensual, consenting, docile, facile, favorable, compile, componere, conceive, construct, contrive, develop,
indulgent, loyal, malleable, obedient, obeisant, obliging, devise, draft, draw out, draw up, effect, efficere, efform, en-
obsequious, passive, patient, permissive, pliable, pliant, gineer, envisage, execute, express, fashion, form, formulate,
servile, submissive, toadying, tractable, uncomplaining, unre- frame, generate, give rise to, imagine, improvise, invent, or-
luctant, willing, yielding chestrate, organize, originate, pattern, produce, shape, use
one’s imagination, visualize, work out, work up, write
COMPLICATE, verb aggravate, bedevil, befoul, con-
found, confuse, dislocate, disorganize, embroil, encumber, COMPOSITE, adjective accompanied, admixed, ag-
entangle, exacerbate, implicate, intensify, involve, jumble, glomerate, aggregate, aggregated, all-embracing, alloyed,
knot, make intricate, make worse, mix up, muddle, obfus- amalgamated, amassed, assembled, assorted, blended,
cate, obscure, perplex, perturb, snarl, tangle clustered, collected, collective, combined, commixed, com-
plex, compositus, compound, compounded, conglomerate,
COMPLICATION, noun aggravation, bafflement, barrier, conjoint, conjunct, conjunctive, connected, coupled, diver-
complexity, complexness, complexus, complicated state, sified, fused, gathered, gathered into a whole, glomerate,
confusion, development, difficulty, dilemma, entanglement, heterogeneous, incorporated, integrated, intermixed,

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joined, medley, miscellaneous, mixed, mosaic, motley, FOREIGN PHRASES: Aestimatio praeteriti delicti ex pos-
multifarious, multiple, multiplex, scrambled, sundry, united, tremo facto nunquam crescit. The weight of a past crime
unseparated, varied, variegated, wedded is never increased by a subsequent fact.
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: composite class, composite facts,
composite instrument, composite knowledge, composite COMPOUNDED, adjective amalgamated, blended,
statements coalesced, combined, complicated, composite, conglomer-
ate, consolidated, convoluted, elaborate, entangled, fused,
COMPOSITION (Agreement in bankruptcy), noun incorporated, inextricable, inseparable, integrated, inter-
agreement, arrangement, clearance, compact, compromise mingled, intricate, manifold, merged, mingled, mixed,
agreement, contract, discharge, liquidation, mutual agree- mosaic, motley, multifarious, multiform, solidified, tangled,
ment, mutual concession, payment in lieu, reciprocal con- united, variegated
cession, release, settlement, settlement by mutual agree- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: compounded crime, compounded
ment, settlement on account larceny, compounded offenses
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: composition agreement, composi-
tion in bankruptcy, contract of composition, reorganization COMPREHEND (Include), verb be composed of, be
comprised of, be made up of, circumscribe, compass, com-
COMPOSITION (Makeup), noun arrangement, array, prise, consist of, constitute, contain, cover, embody, em-
combination, compilation, compositio, compounding, com- brace, encircle, encompass, envelop, incorporate, involve,
prisal, concoction, conformation, constitution, construction, possess, span, take in
contents, creation, design, efformation, embodiment, es- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: comprehensive zoning
tablishment, fabrication, formation, formulation, inclusion,
manufacture, nature, organization, preparation, production, COMPREHEND (Understand), verb absorb, appreciate,
structure, synthesis, union apprehend, assimilate, be acquainted, be apprized, be
aware, be cognizant, be conscious, be conversant with,
COMPOSURE, noun aequus animus, aplomb, balance, be in possession of the facts, be informed, cognize, come
calm, calmness, command of one’s faculties, command of to understand, comprehendere, conceive, descry, detect,
temper, complacence, constraint, content, contentment, discern, fathom, gain insight, grasp, grow aware, ken,
control, equability, equanimity, equilibrium, evenness, for- know, master, perceive, realize, recognize, see, take in,
bearance, fortitude, harmony, imperturbability, imperturba- understand fully
tion, indisturbance, inexcitability, moderation, patience, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: comprehend the nature and conse-
peace, peace of mind, peacefulness, placidity, placidness, quences of an act, intent, scienter
poise, presence of mind, quiescence, quietude, repose,
reserve, rest, restraint, sedateness, self-assurance, self- COMPREHENSIBLE, adjective apprehensible, articu-
command, self-possession, self-restraint, serenity, stability, late, ascertainable, clear, clear-cut, cognizable, cognoscible,
tolerance, tranquil mind, tranquillitas, tranquillity comprehendable, conceivable, decipherable, defined, dis-
closed, easily understood, easy to understand, evident,
COMPOUND, adjective aggregate, aggregated, amal- exoteric, explicable, explicit, express, fathomable, graphic,
gamated, assimilated, associated, blended, combined, graphical, intelligible, knowable, legible, lucid, luculent,
commixed, complex, complicated, composite, composi- manifest, obvious, overt, palpable, patent, pellucid, pene-
tus, conglomerate, congregated, conjoint, conjugate, con- trable, perceivable, perceptible, perspicuous, perspicuus,
junct, connected, convoluted, elaborate, embodied, en- plain, realizable, recognizable, revealed, self-evident, self-
tangled, fused, hybridized, incorporated, infused, explanatory, simple, unambiguous, unclouded, uncon-
inseparable, integrated, interlaced, intermingled, interwo- cealed, unconfused, understandable, unhidden, unmistak-
ven, intricate, involved, manifold, merged, mingled, mixed, able, unobscure, unveiled
mosaic, motley, multifarious, multiform, multiple, multi-
plex, solid, tangled, tied, united, varied, variegated, woven COMPREHENSION, noun ability to know, alertness,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: compound a crime, compound inter- appreciation, apprehension, attentiveness, awareness,
est, compound larceny, compounding a felony awareness of, capability, capacity to understand, cognition,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Aestimatid praeteriti delicti ex pos- cognizance, command of thought, comprehensio, concep-
tremo facto nunquam crescit. The weight of an offense tion, consciousness, discernment, enlightenment, erudi-
committed in the past is never increased by a subsequent tion, expertise, familiarity, grasp, imagination, information,
fact. insight, intellect, intellectual power, intellectualism, intel-
lectuality, intellegentia, intuition, keeness, knowledge,
COMPOUND, verb accrue, add to, advance, aggran- learning, mastery of thought, mental capacity, mental
dize, aggravate, amount, ampliare, amplificare, annex, ap- grasp, mentality, mind, mindfulness, observation, penetra-
pend, augere, be augmented, be numerous, become tion, perception, perspicaciousness, power to grasp ideas,
greater, become larger, branch out, build up, burgeon, con- power to understand, rationality, reach of mind, realiza-
tribute to, develop, dilatare, dilate, distend, elaborate, en- tion, reason, recognition, sagacity, sageness, sense, un-
hance, enlarge, enrich, exacerbate, exaggerate, exalt, ex- derstanding, wisdom
pand, extend, fill in, fill out, fortify, further, gain ground, gain
strength, get ahead, give strength to, glorify, greaten, grow COMPREHENSIVE, adjective all-covering, all-embrac-
larger, heighten, increase, increase the numbers, inflate, in- ing, all-inclusive, all-pervading, broad, capacious, compendi-
tensify, lend force to, lengthen, magnify, make greater, ous, complete, completive, comprising, consummate, con-
make larger, multiply, open out, parlay, pile up, prolong, taining, copious, discursive, encircling, encyclopedic,
protract, raise, refine, reinforce, restrengthen, spread out, exhaustive, expansive, extended, extensive, far-reaching,
strengthen, subjoin, superadd, supplement, widen full, fully realized, having no limit, inclusive, intensive, late
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: compounding a crime, compounding patens, overall, panoramic, sweeping, synoptic, thorough,
a debt, compounding a felony, compounding penalty thoroughgoing, total, unconditional, unexclusive, universal,

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unmitigated, unqualified, unreserved, unrestricted, wide, limitation, necessitas, necessity, objective necessity, obliga-
wide-reaching, widespread tion, oppression, physical force, pressure, requirement,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: comprehensive coverage, compre- restraint, restriction, spur of necessity, stress, subjection to
hensive findings, comprehensive plan, comprehensive force, urgency, urging by force, urging by moral constraint,
police power, comprehensive statute, comprehensive urging by physical constraint, vis
zoning ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: compulsion of law, compulsory act,
compulsory contributions, compulsory demand, compul-
COMPREHENSIVENESS, noun blanket, breadth, ca- sory liquidation, compulsory nonsuit, compulsory payment,
pacity, comendiousness, completeness, complex, copious- compulsory process, compulsory sale
ness, coverage, ensemble, entireness, entirety, exhaustive-
ness, expansion, extensiveness, full realization, fullness, COMPULSION (Obsession), noun ardor, besetting
great scope, inclusiveness, integrality, integrity, omnibus, idea, craze, drive, earnestness, enchantment, engross-
oneness, substantiality, thoroughness, totality, universality, ment, enthusiasm, fanaticism, fancy, fascination, fervency,
volumniousness, wholeness, width fetish, fixation, fixed conviction, fixed idea, infatuation, in-
tentness, irresistible impulse, mania, need, one-track
COMPRISE, verb aggregate, amount to, be composed mind, possession, predilection, preoccupation, preposses-
of, be formed of, be made of, consist of, constitute, contain, sion, quirk, zeal
embody, embrace, encapsulate, encompass, hold, include,
incorporate, involve, subsume, total COMPULSORY, adjective against one’s will, au-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: comprising a cause of action thoritative, binding, coactive, coercive, commanded,
compelling, constraining, decretive, demanded, en-
COMPROMISE, noun abatement of differences, adapta- forced, exigent, forced, forcible, imperative, incumbent
tion, adjustment, agreement, bargain, commutation, compo- upon, indefeasible, indispensable, inescapable, irresist-
sition, concession, deal, happy medium, middle ground, ible, irrevocable, mandatory, necessary, obligatory, pe-
mutual concession, negotiation, peacemaking, settlement, remptory, prerequisite, prescriptive, pressing, required,
terms requisite, restraining, restrictive, stringent, unable to be
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accord and satisfaction, compromise evaded, unavoidable, unpreventable, urgent, vital, with-
a claim, compromise agreement, compromise and settle- out choice
ment, compromise of a claim, compromise verdict, dis- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: compulsory arbitration, compulsory
charge or release, novation, offer of compromise counterclaim, compulsory education, compulsory insur-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Compromissum ad similitudinem judi- ance, compulsory joinder of parties, compulsory perfor-
ciorum redigitur. A compromise is brought into affinity mance of duties, compulsory testimony
with judgments.
COMPURGATION, noun absolution, acquittal, acquit-
COMPROMISE (Endanger), verb bring into danger, tance, alibi, benefit of doubt, clearance, defeat of the pros-
expose to danger, hazard, imperil, jeopardize, make liable ecution, defense, dismissal, exculpation, excuse, exonera-
to danger, make vulnerable, place in a dubious position, put tion, favorable verdict to the defendant, innocence, just
at hazard, put in jeopardy, put under suspicion, risk, stake, cause, justification, legal defense, liberation, nonprosecu-
venture tion, pardon, reprieve, verdict of not guilty, vindication,
withdrawal of the charge
COMPROMISE (Settle by mutual agreement), verb
accommodate, adjust, agree, arrange by mutual conces- COMPUTATION, noun account, accountancy, ac-
sion, bargain, come to an agreement, come to an under- counting, adding, amount computed, appraisal, apprecia-
standing, come to terms, compromittere, concede, con- tion, assessment, audit, bookkeeping, calculation, count,
ciliate, find a middle ground, harmonize, maintain a counting, deduction, enumeration, estimate, estimation,
middle position, make a compromise, make a deal, make evaluation, figure work, figuring, measurement, numera-
an adjustment, make concessions, mediate, meet half- tion, reckoning, score, statistic, sum, summation, tally,
way, negotiate, reconcile, settle, settle differences, strike total, valuation
a balance
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accord and satisfaction, compromise a CONATUS, noun attempt, choice, conation, conative
claim, compromise agreement, compromise verdict, dis- will, desire, determination, direction, disposition, drift, en-
charge, discontinuance, negotiation, novation, offer of com- deavor, fancy, inclination, intention, leaning, mind, natural
promise, quotient verdict, settlement, substitute contract impulse, natural tendency, nisus, option, penchant, predi-
lection, predisposition, preference, proclivity, proneness,
COMPTROLLER, noun accountant, auditor, banker, propensity, temperament, tendency, trend, trial, un-
bookkeeper, bookkeeping expert, bursar, business man- prompted will, volition, voluntariness, voluntary activity,
ager, cashier, chartered accountant, chief accounting offi- want, will, wish
cer, depositary, examiner of business accounts, financial
officer, inspector of accounts, inventory expert, manager, CONCEAL, verb camouflage, cloak, confine, cover,
purser, reckoner, registrar, supervisor of accounts, trea- cover up, curtain, disguise, eclipse, enshroud, entomb,
surer, trustee envelop, harbor, hide, keep clandestine, keep from, keep
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: city comptroller, state comptroller out of sight, keep secret, keep to oneself, keep under-
ground, make inconspicuous, make indiscernible, make
COMPULSION (Coercion), noun application of force, unapparent, make unperceptible, mask, not reveal,
constraint, constraint to obedience, constriction, demand, obscure, occulere, protect, render invisible, screen, seclude,
dictation, domination, duress, duty, employment of force, secrete, shade, shadow, shield, shroud, store, suppress,
enforcement, force, forcible inducement, forcible urging, throw a veil over, veil, withdraw from observation, withold,
forcing, high-pressure methods, imposition, impressment, withold information

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ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: conceal assets, conceal information, contrive, create, design, develop, devise, draft, dream up,
conceal material facts excogitate, fabricate, formulate, frame, generate, give
FOREIGN PHRASES: Fraus est celare fraudem. It is fraud to birth to, hatch, inchoate, initiate, innovate, make up,
conceal a fraud. originate, plan, prepare, start
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: conceive a criminal plan
CONCEALED (Confidential), adjective abstruse, clan-
destine, cloaked, covert, cryptic, delitescent, disguised, CONCENTRATE (Consolidate), verb accumulate, ag-
evasive, furtive, impalpable, latent, lurking, obscure, pri- glomerate, aggregate, amass, assemble, bring into a small
vate, privy, recondite, secret, secreted, shrouded, stealthy, compass, bring toward a central point, center, centralize,
surreptitious, ulterior, unbeknown, undisclosed, unheard, cluster, coalesce, collect, combine, compact, compress,
unknown, unrecognized, unsaid, unspoken, untold, veiled concenter, condense, congest, conglomerate, congregate,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: concealed weapon, concealment of conjoin, conligere, constrict, contrahere, converge, crowd
a crime together, densify, focalize, focus, gather, make firm, make
solid, mass, strengthen, unite
CONCEALED (Covered), adjective blanketed, buried,
camouflaged, disguised, hidden, imperceptible, inconspic- CONCENTRATE (Pay attention), verb animum atten-
uous, invisible, masked, screened, sheltered, unapparent, dere, apply the mind, attend, attend minutely, be engrossed
unexposed, unperceived, unseen in, consider closely, contemplate, direct the mind upon,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: concealed weapon examine closely, fix one’s attention, focus, focus attention
on, give attention to, give heed, hearken, listen, meditate,
CONCEALMENT, noun camouflage, confinement, muse, occupy the mind with, occupy the thoughts with,
cover, deceitfulness, disappearance, disguise, disguisement, peruse carefully, ponder, put one’s mind to, regard care-
duplicity, evasion, furtiveness, hiding, incognito, incon- fully, ruminate, scrutinize, study deeply, think intensely
spicuousness, invisibility, nonappearance, obfuscation, ob-
scurity, obsuration, privacy, seclusion, secrecy, secretion, CONCENTRATION (Centralization), noun agglomera-
secretiveness, silence, stealthiness, subterfuge, suppres- tion, aggregation, assemblage, collection, combination,
sion, suppression of the truth compilation, confluence, contemplation, cumulation, den-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: concealment of assets, concealment sity, horde, immersion
of information, concealment of material fact, concealment
voiding an insurance policy, concealment with intent to CONCENTRATION (Compression), noun absorption,
defraud creditors, evasive contempt accumulation, agglomeration, amassment, cluster, coagula-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Aliud est celare, aliud tacere. To conceal tion, compactness, conflux, congestion, conglomeration,
is one thing; to be silent is another. Suppressio veri, sug- consolidation, convergence, densification, intensification,
gestio falsi. The suppression of truth is equivalent to the mass, multitude, press, solidification, throng
suggestion of what is false.
CONCENTRATION (Emphasis), noun application,
CONCEDE, verb abide by, accede, accept, acknowl- condensation, deepening, devotion, focus, heightening,
edge, acquiesce, affirm, agree, agree in principle, allow, intensification, interest, observation, regard, strength,
arrive at an agreement, assent, be persuaded, come to strengthening
terms, comply with, concedere, consent, endorse, endure,
give in, grant, impart, permit, permittere, profess, recog- CONCEPT, noun abstract idea, abstraction, appraisal, ap-
nize, respect, sanction, settle, submit, submit to, succumb, preciation, apprehension, assessment, assumption, belief,
tolerate, withdraw one’s objections, yield conception, conclusion, conjecture, consideration, deduction,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: conceded facts doctrine, estimate, evaluation, fancy, feeling, formative no-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Qui concedit aliquid, concedere videtur tion, guess, idea, image, impression, intellectualization, judg-
et id sine quo concessio est irrita, sine quo res ipsa esse ment, knowledge, mental image, mental impression, mental
non potuit. He who concedes anything is considered as representation, notion, observation, opinion, percept, per-
conceding that without which his concession would be idle, ception, persuasion, picture, point of view, postulate, pre-
without which the thing itself is worthless. sumption, reflection, representation, supposition, surmise,
tenet, theory, thought, understanding, view, visualization
CONCEIVABLE, adjective aboveboard, acceptable, ap- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: legal concept
prehensible, authentic, believable, clear, cognitional, coher-
ent, colorable, comprehensible, convincing, credible, do- CONCEPTION (Beginning), noun concept, design,
able, earthly, fathomable, graspable, imaginable, intelligible, idea, ingenuity, invention, notion, original plan, origination,
knowable, likely, likely to happen, likely to occur, logical, plan, thought
lucid, luminous, plain, plausible, possible, practical, pre-
sumable, presumptive, probable, rational, reasonable, reli- CONCEPTION (Insemination), noun beginning of life,
able, sane, sensible, sober, straight, supposable, tenable, fecundation, fecundity, fertilization, impregnation, incep-
thinkable, trustworthy, trusty, up-front tion of pregnancy, pregnancy, superimpregnation

CONCEIVE (Comprehend), verb absorb, accept, appre- CONCERN (Business establishment), noun business,
ciate, apprehend, assimilate, conceptualize, conjure up, di- company, corporation, establishment, firm, house, institu-
gest, discern, envisage, envision, fathom, figure out, form a tion, organization
conception, grasp, have an idea, ideate, image, imagine, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: partnership, proprietorship
know, perceive, picture, realize, see, understand, visualize
CONCERN (Interest), noun anxiety, attention, care, con-
CONCEIVE (Invent), verb begin, bring into being, cernment, consequence, consideration, disquietude, impor-
bring into existence, coin, compose, concipere, concoct, tance, regard, solicitude, sollicitudo, uneasiness, worry

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CONCERN (Care), verb administer to, attend, attend reconciliation, reunion, satisfaction, settlement, settlement
to, be mindful, be vigilant, be watchful, check, consider, of differences, solidarity, submission, truce, unanimity, un-
curare, devote oneself to, direct the attention to, examine derstanding, uniformity, union, unity
intently, foster, give attention, give one’s attention, keep, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: conciliation in a marriage
look after, mind, minister to, pay attention to, regard, re-
spect, safeguard, take care of, take into consideration, take CONCILIATORY, adjective accommodative, agree-
note of, tend, watch able, amiable, atoning, bland, civil, compassionate, com-
patible, concordant, cordial, courteous, deferential, expia-
CONCERN (Involve), verb absorb, affect, appertain to, tory, forgiving, friendly, gracious, harmonious,
apply, attinere, be a factor, be applicable to, be interdepen- magnanimous, mediatory, nonmilitant, obeisant, pacific,
dent with, be involved, be one of, be pertinent to, be re- pacifying, peacemaking, penitent, persuasive, placable,
lated to, be relevant, deal with, embody, embrace, enclasp, polite, propitiating, propitiatory, reconcilable, reconcilia-
entail, have a bearing on, have a connection, have a refer- tory, reconciling, respectful, unresentful
ence, have a relation, have interrelationship with, immerse,
influence, interest, pertain to, pertinere, refer to, regard, CONCISE, adjective abbreviated, abridged, abstracted,
relate to, respect, stand in relation, versari in re brief, capsule, capsulized, compact, compacted, compendi-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: concerned in interest, concerning a ous, compressed, condensed, contracted, curtailed, cur-
matter of law, general state concern, local concern tate, epigrammatic, epitomized, laconic, pithy, short,
shortened, succinct, summarized, summary, synoptic, to
CONCERT, noun accord, accordance, agreement, alli- the point, trenchant
ance, coaction, coadjument, coadjuvancy, coagency, coali-
tion, coefficiency, collaboration, combination, combined CONCLUDE (Complete), verb abort, adjourn, break off,
action, combined effort, compatibility, complicity, concord, bring to a close, bring to an end, bring to rest, carry to
concordance, concurrence, concurrency, confederation, completion, cease, climax, close, conficere, consummate,
conjunction, consentaneity, consonance, cooperation, fu- culminate, discharge, discontinue, dispose of, end, exe-
sion of interests, harmony, joint action, joint operation, cute, exhaust, finalize, finire, finish, fulfill, halt, make an end
merger, mutual assistance, pool, rapport, synergy, team- of, make complete, maturate, prosecute to a conclusion,
work, unanimity, unison, unity render complete, seal, set at rest, settle, shut down, stop,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: acting in concert surcease, terminate
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: conclude a hearing, conclude a trial
CONCERTED, adjective abetting, accordant, agreed,
agreeing, aiding and abetting, aligned, amalgamated, as- CONCLUDE (Decide), verb choose, come to a deter-
senting, blended, bonded, coacting, coactive, coadjutant, mination, conligere, decide upon, declare, decree, decree
coadjuvant, coalescent, coeval, coexistent, coexisting, co- by judicial authority, deduce, deem, deliver judgment,
hesive, coincident, coinciding, collaborating, colluding, determine, end by a decision, find, form a judgment,
combined, combining, commixed, composite, concordant, form a resolution, form an opinion, give a ruling, give an
concurrent, concurring, conformable, conforming, congru- opinion, give judgment, hold, infer, judge, make a deci-
ent, congruous, conjoined, conjoint, conjunct, connective, sion, make a resolution, make terms, make up one’s
conniving, consensual, consentaneous, consentient, con- mind, pass judgment, pronounce a judgment, resolve,
senting, consistent with, consolidated, consonant, contrib- rule, seal, settle, settle in one’s mind, settle upon, take a
uting, converging, cooperating, cooperative, correspond- decisive step
ing, coworking, fused, harmonious, harmonized, in accord, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: conclusion of guilt, findings
in accordance with, in agreement, in alliance, in unison,
interactive, joined, joint, merging, mutually agreed, paral- CONCLUDED, adjective abandoned, all over, ceased,
lel, simultaneous, sympathetic, synergic, united, uniting closed, completed, conclusive, consummated, crowned,
culminated, decided, determinative, discharged, discontin-
CONCESSION (Authorization), noun allowance, au- ued, dispatched, done, ended, expired, final, finished, ful-
thority, authorization, bestowal, clearance, concessio, con- filled, halted, lapsed, last, matured, perfected, settled, ter-
ferment, conferral, endowment, giving, grant, impartment, minated, through, ultimate
leave, license, permission, permit, presentation, privilege,
sanction, vouchsafement, warrant CONCLUSION (Determination), noun adjudication,
arbitrament, ascertainment, assessment, authoritative opin-
CONCESSION (Compromise), noun acceptance, ac- ion, conclusio, consideration, decision, declaration, decree,
cord, acknowledgment, acquiescence, admission, admit- deduction, derived principle, discernment, estimation,
ting, agreement, allowance, assent, capitulation, concur- evaluation, final judgment, finding, inference, judgment,
rence, giving in, grant, granting, recognition, recognizance, observation, opinion, persuasion, pronouncement, realiza-
reconciliation, relinquishment, settlement, submission, sur- tion, reasoned judgment, report, resolution, resolve, result,
render, yielding result ascertained, result of judicial inquest, ruling, settling,
solution, surmise, valuation, verdict, view
CONCILIATION, noun abatement of differences, ac- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: conclusion as to intent, conclusion as to
commodation, accord, accordance, adaptability, adjust- motive, conclusion of a trial, conclusion of guilt, conclusion of
ment, agreement, appeasement, arrangement, bipartisan- innocence, conclusion of law, conclusion of mixed law and fact
ship, compact, compliance, compromise, concert,
concession, conciliatio, concord, concurrence, conformabil- CONCLUSION (Outcome), noun cessation, close,
ity, conformity, consonance, cooperation, entente, harmony, closure, completeness, completion, conclusio, conse-
league, mediation, mutual accord, mutual agreement, mu- quence, consequent, consummation, culmination, de-
tual concession, mutual understanding, negotiation, pacifica- nouement, effect, effectuation, end, end product, end
tion, peacemaking, placation, propitiation, reconcilement, result, ending, eventuality, final result, finale, finalty, finis,

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finish, fulfillment, last stage, outcome, outgrowth, prod- CONCRETE, adjective bodily, certain, cognizable, defi-
uct, repercussion, result, resultance, resultant action, nite, demonstrable, determinate, distinct, embodied, exis-
termination, upshot tent, existing, explicit, firm, material, palpable, particular,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Ab abusu ad usum non valet consequen- perceptible, physical, real, solid, solidified, solidus, specific,
tia. A conclusion as to the use of a thing from its abuse is in- substantial, substantive, tangible
valid. Inclusio unius est exclusio alterius. The inclusion of ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: concrete cause of action, concrete
one is the exclusion of another. In propria causa nemo judex. idea, concrete interest
No one can be judge in his own cause. Negatio conclusionis
est error in lege. The denial of a conclusion is in error in law. CONCUR (Agree), verb accede to, accept, accord, ac-
credit, acknowledge, acquiesce, act in concert, affirm,
CONCLUSIVE (Determinative), adjective absolute, allow, approbate, approve, assent to, band together, come
apparent, ascertained, assured, categorical, certain, con- to an agreement, come to an understanding, come to
spicuous, definite, demonstrated, evident, final, guaran- terms, come together, comply, condone, conform with,
teed, immutable, incommutable, incontestable, incontro- consent, cooperate, countenance, defer to, echo, endorse,
vertible, indefeasible, indisputable, indubitable, infallible, favor, give credit, go along with, harmonize, hold with,
irrefragable, irrefutable, irrepealable, irrevocable, manda- homologate, jibe, join forces, join in, join together, join
tory, obligatory, positive, tested, tried, ultimate, unam- with, league together, meet, operate jointly, ratify, sanc-
biguous, unchallengeable, unchangeable, uncontested, tion, say yes, second, side with, signify assent, subscribe to,
undeniable, undoubted, unequivocal, unimpeachable, un- suit, support, sustain, sympathize with, unite efforts, unite
mistakable, unquestionable with, uphold, work jointly, yield
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: conclusive admission, conclusive be- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: concurring opinion
yond a reasonable doubt, conclusive evidence, conclusive
judgment, conclusive presumption, conclusive presump- CONCUR (Coexist), verb accompany, be concomittant,
tion of validity, conclusive proof be contemporaneous, be contemporary, be parallel, coin-
cide, exist together, happen at the same time, happen si-
CONCLUSIVE (Settled), adjective ascertained, beyond multaneously, happen together, keep pace with, occur at
dispute, certus, clear, closing, complete, completed, com- the same time, occur concurrently
pleting, completive, conclusory, confirming, culminating, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: concurrent acts, concurrent causes,
decided, decisive, definitive, determining, evidential, ex- concurrent conditions, concurrent contracts, concurrent cov-
treme, final, finished, finishing, terminal, terminative, ultimate enants, concurrent jurisdiction, concurrent negligence, con-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: conclusive adjudification, conclusive current power, concurrent sentences, consecutive sentences
as to the facts
CONCURRENT (At the same time), adjective accom-
CONCOMITANT, adjective accompanying, aligned, panying, associated, at the same instant, attendant, attend-
allied, associated, attendant, attending, coincident, comple- ing, coacting, coactive, coetaneous, coeval, coexistent,
mental, concurrent, conjoint, conjunctional, conjunctive, con- coexisting, coincident, coinstantaneous, collateral, con-
temporaneous, contemporary, correlative, correspondent, certed, concomitant, conjunctive, contemporaneous, con-
corresponding, coupled, joint, parallel, simultaneous, synergic temporary, convergent, converging, coupled, occurring at
FOREIGN PHRASES: Principia data sequuntur concomitan- the same time, parallel, synchronal, synchronistic, synchro-
tia. Given principles are followed by their concomitants. nistical, synchronous
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: concurrent actions, concurrent find-
CONCORDANCE, noun accord, accordance, agree- ings, concurrent legislation, concurrent remedies, concur-
ment, amity, assent, coaction, coincidence, common assent, rent sentences, concurrent stipulations
communion, compact, concert, concord, concurrence, con-
currence in opinions, conformance, conformity, congeniality, CONCURRENT (United), adjective abetting, accor-
congruence, congruency, conjunction, consensus, consent, dant, acquiescent, acting in conjunction, agreeing, aiding,
consentaneity, consentaneousness, consistency, conso- allied, amalgamated, assenting, associating, assonant,
nance, cooperation, correspondence, fraternity, friendship, banded together, binding, blended, bonded, cemented,
harmony, likemindedness, neighborliness, oneness, peace, centralized, coacting, coactive, coalitional, cohesive, col-
rapport, sympathy, understanding, unity laborative, combinative, combined, common, communal,
commutual, compatible, complementary, concerted, con-
CONCORDANT, adjective accommodative, accor- cordant, concurring, confederated, conforming, conjoined,
dant, agreeable, agreeing, aligned, allied, assenting, assen- connected, consentaneous, consolidated, consonant, con-
tive, at one, banded together, blending, bonded, ce- tributing, cooperative, coupled, coworking, en rapport,
mented, coexistent, coexisting, coinciding, combinative, fused, harmonizing, in accord, in agreement, in unison, in-
compatible, complementary, compliant, concors, concur- terallied, joined, joint, leagued, linked, meeting, merged,
rent, concurring, conformable, conforming, congruent, of one accord, paired, participating, shared, synergic, undi-
congruous, conjoined, conjunctional, consensual, consenta- vided, unified, united, wedded, well-matched
neous, consenting, consistent, consonant, coordinate, cor-
related, correlative, correspondent, corresponding, fusing, CONCURRENT CAUSE, noun a second legal basis, ac-
harmonious, in accord, in agreement, in concert, in con- companying legal basis, additional legal basis, another legal
junction, in harmony, in rapport, in unison, joint, merged, basis, another legal basis in concert, coexistent legal basis,
merging, mutual, of the same mind, reconcilable, sympa- coexisting legal basis, coincident legal basis, coinstanta-
thetic, unanimous, uniform, united, uniting neous legal basis, concomitant legal basis, contemporane-
ous legal basis
CONCRESCENCE, noun adherance, amalgamating,
blending, coalescence, combining, consolidation, fusion, CONCURRENT POWER, noun joint authority, joint
making one, mingling, mixing, symphysis, uniting power exercisable by federal and state governments,

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overhanging authority, overhanging powers, overlapping of guilty, guilty verdict, infliction, judgment, justice, penal-
authority, overlapping jurisdiction of federal and state gov- ization, penalty, punishing experience, punishment, puni-
ernments, overlapping powers, overlaying authority, over- tion, retribution, retributive justice, sentence
laying powers, shared jurisdiction by both federal and state
governments CONDEMNATION (Seizure), noun abrogation, acqui-
sition by right of eminent domain, appropriation, arroga-
CONDEMN (Ban), verb abhor, abnegate, abrogate, tion, assumption, commandeering, compulsory acquisi-
banish, bar, blackball, block, boycott, call a halt, cancel, cast tion, confiscation, deprivation, dispossession, distraint,
aside, cast out, censor, check, counter, debar, deny, de- distress, divestment, expropriation, forced sale, forcible
prive, disallow, disapprove, discommode, discountenance, seizure, foreclosure, impounding, impropriation, munici-
disfavor, disown, disqualify, embargo, enjoin, exclude, ex- palization, nationalization, prehension, takeover, taking of
communicate, expel, forbid, forestall, frustrate, halt, property for public use, taking possession
hamper, impede, interdict, interrupt, keep in bounds, keep ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: condemnation of land for public use,
out, keep within bounds, lay an embargo on, limit, make condemnation proceedings, reverse condemnation, title by
impossible, object, obstruct, oppose, ostracize, outlaw, condemnation
preclude, prevent, prohibit, proscribe, put a stop to, put an
embargo on, put an end to, put one’s veto to, put under an CONDENSE, verb abbreviate, abridge, abstract, capsu-
injunction, put under an interdiction, put under prohibition, lize, compress, consolidate, contract, curtail, cut short, de-
quash, quell, refuse, reject, repress, reprobate, restrain, truncate, digest, epitomize, foreshorten, make brief, make
restrict, restrict access, retard, seclude, shut out, stop, sup- concise, make denser, make terse, outline, précis, reduce,
press, thwart, vetare, withhold render more compact, shorten, shrink, summarize, sum up,
synopsize, truncate
CONDEMN (Blame), verb accuse, anathematize, ani-
madvert, asperse, assail with censure, attack, berate, bring CONDESCEND (Deign), verb accommodate oneself,
into discredit, call to account, cast blame upon, castigate, accord, be courteous, be gracious, descend, descendere,
charge, chide, condemnare, criticize, culpare, declaim disregard prestige, grant, humble oneself, lower oneself,
against, decry, denigrate, denounce, deprecate, derogate, sacrifice pride, se submittere, stoop, tolerate, unbend,
disapprove, discountenance, disdain, disparage, dispraise, vouchsafe, waive privilege, yield
execrate, find guilty, fulminate against, impeach, implicate,
impugn, incriminate, indict, inveigh against, pass censure CONDESCEND (Patronize), verb assume a patronizing
on, publicly accuse, rebuke, reprehend, reproach, reprove, air, be contemptuous, be overbearing, belittle, care nothing
repudiate, revile, take to task, upbraid, vilify, vituperare, for, consider beneath notice, contemn, disdain, disparage,
vituperate disrespect, hold in contempt, hold in disrespect, look down
on, look with scorn upon, spurn, talk down to
CONDEMN (Punish), verb adjudge, administer correc-
tion, bring to account, carry out a sentence, convict, dam- CONDIGN, adjective appropriate, befitting, debitus,
nare, deal retributive justice, discipline, doom, exact a pen- deserved, due, earned, fit, fitting, just, justified, merited,
alty, exact retribution, execute a sentence, execute justice, meritus, right, suitable, warranted, well-deserved, well-
impose a penalty, impose penalty, inflict penalty, inflict pun- earned, worthy
ishment, pass sentence on, penalize, prescribe punishment,
pronounce judgment, pronounce sentence, punire, repri- CONDITION (Contingent provision), noun article, clause,
mand, reprove, sentence, subject to penalty, take disciplinary condicio, contractual terms, desideratum, essential provision,
action exception, final terms, limitation, obligation, pact, postulate,
postulation, prerequirement, prerequisite, prescription, pre-
CONDEMN (Seize), verb accroach, acquire, appropri- sumption, presupposition, promise, provision, proviso, qual-
ate, arrogate, assume, assume ownership, attach, compul- ification, regulation, requirement, requisite, reservation, re-
sorily acquire, confiscate, declare to be forfeited, deprive of striction, rule, ruling, specification, stated term, stipulation,
corporal possession, deprive of ownership, disentitle, dis- supposal, supposition, term, ultimatum, uncertain event
possess, disseise, distrain, divest of property, expropriate, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: cause, condition implied in law, con-
foreclose, impound, impropriate, municipalize, nationalize, dition of employment, condition precedent, condition run-
publicare, sequestrate, take for public use, take over, take ning with the land, condition subsequent, conditions and
possession, usurp exceptions, conditions and restrictions, express condition,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: eminent domain implied condition, sale on condition, terms and conditions,
warranties
CONDEMNATION (Blame), noun accusation, animad- FOREIGN PHRASES: Ea quae dari impossibilia sunt, vel
version, ascription, attack, castigation, censure, charge, chas- quae in rerum natura non sunt, pro non adjectis ha-
tening, chastisement, chiding, complaint, condemnatio, criti- bentur. Those things which cannot be given, or which are
cism, denigration, denunciation, deprecation, derogation, not in the nature of things, are regarded as not included in
disapprobation, disapproval, discountenance, discredit, the agreement. Conditiones quaelibet odiosae; maxime
disdain, disfavor, disparagement, dispraise, execration, ex- autem contra matrimonium et commercium. Any condi-
postulation, impeachment, implication, imputation, incrimi- tions are odious, but especially those which are in restraint
nation, inculpation, invective, objection, objurgation, op- of marriage and commerce. Proviso est providere prae-
position, rebuke, recrimination, reprehension, reprimand, sentia et futura, non praeterita. A proviso is to provide
reproach, reprobation, reproof, repudiation, stricture, vilifica- for the present and the future, not the past. Conditio illicita
tion, vituperation habetur pro non adjecta. An unlawful condition is deemed
not to be annexed. Conditio praecedens adimpleri debet
CONDEMNATION (Punishment), noun conviction, prius quam sequatur effectus. A condition precedent
disciplinary action, exaction of penalty, execration, finding must be fulfilled before the effect can follow. Conditio

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dicitur, cum quid in casum incertum qui potest tendere overlooking, pardon, reconcilement, reprieve, sympathy,
ad esse aut non esse, confertur. It is called a “condition,” vindication, willingness to forgive
when something is given on an uncertain event, which may ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: condonation as grounds for a dissolu-
or may not come into existence. Conditio beneficialis, tion of a marriage
quae statum construit, benigne secundum verborum
intentionem est interpretanda; odiosa autem quaesta- CONDONE, verb absolve, accept, allow, assoil, be le-
tum destruit, stricte secundum berborum proprietatem nient, be merciful, be reconciled, be tolerant, bear with,
accipienda. A beneficial condition, which creates an estate, blot out, clear, countenance, dismiss, disregard, excuse,
ought to be interpreted favorably, according to the intention exempt, exonerate, forbear, forget, forgive, free, give a
of the words; but a condition which destroys an estate is reprieve, give absolution, give amnesty, grant amnesty,
odious and ought to be construed strictly according to the grant immunity, let pass, make allowance, overlook, over-
letter. look an offense, palliate, pardon, pass over, permit, recom-
mend to pardon, refrain from punishing, release, relent,
CONDITION (State), noun appearance, aspect, charac- remit, reprieve, set free, show mercy, spare, tolerate, vin-
ter, circumstance, complexion, condicio, crasis, grade, dicate, waive punishment, yield
habitude, look, plight, position, posture, predicament,
quality, rank, shape, situation, state of being, station, sta- CONDUCE, verb abet, advance, aid, assist, augment,
tus, temperament, tenor bring about, bring on, cause, conducere, contribute toward,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: dangerous condition, emergency cooperate, effect, encourage, expedite, favor, foment, fos-
condition, financial condition, good operating condition, ter, incline to, increase the chances, influence, lead to,
physical condition make probable, predispose to, promote, put ahead, put
forward, tend to, work toward
CONDITIONAL, adjective alterable, changeable, condi-
tioned, containing stipulations, contingent on, dependent on, CONDUCIVE, adjective accessory, accommodating,
depending on, depending on a future event, determined by, advantageous, appropriate, beneficial, contributive, conve-
equivocal, granted on certain terms, hypothetical, imposing a nient, efficacious, facilitative, favorable, fruitful, helpful,
condition, indefinite, indeterminable, indeterminate, liable to, leading, obliging, practical, produce, productive, promo-
limitative, limited, modified by conditions, negotiable, not tive, propitious, salutary, useful
absolute, not certain, not sure, pending, possible, provisional,
provisionary, provisory, qualified, regulated by, restricted, CONDUCT, noun actions, acts, address, air, aspect, at-
specified, stipulative, subject to, subject to chance, subject to titude, bearing, behavior, behavior pattern, breeding, car-
change, subject to terms, suspenseful, tentative, unassured, riage, code, compliance, comportment, conformance, cor-
uncertain, undecided, under the control of, undetermined, rectness, course of behavior, dealings, decorum, deeds,
unpositive, unpredictable, unsettled, unsure demeanor, deportment, established practice, ethics, eti-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: conditional acceptance, conditional quette, fashion, guise, habits, management, manner, man-
agreement, conditional bequest, conditional bill of sale, ners, method, mien, mode of action, mode of behavior,
conditional bond, conditional charge, conditional consent, morals, operation, performance, personal bearing, port,
conditional contract, conditional conveyance, conditional posture, practice, presence, procedure, propriety, public
delivery, conditional devise, conditional endorsement, manners, role, seemliness, social behavior, social graces,
conditional estate, conditional execution, conditional fee, style, way, way of acting, ways, wise
conditional gift, conditional guaranties, conditional judg- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: coercive conduct, course of conduct,
ment, conditional lease, conditional legacy, conditional disorderly conduct, good conduct, immoral conduct,
liability, conditional limitation, conditional obligations, improper conduct, inequitable conduct, justifiable conduct,
conditional pardon, conditional payment, conditional reasonable conduct, standard of conduct, unprofessional
promise, conditional release, conditional revocation of a conduct
will, conditional rights, conditional sale, conditional sales
act, conditional sales contract, conditional subscription, CONDUCT, verb administer, administrare, adminis-
conditional will trate, assume responsibility, carry on, carry out, command,
control, deal with, direct, direct affairs, discharge, dispatch,
CONDITIONAL DISCHARGE, noun absolution, am- do, enact, execute, gerere, guide, handle, have control,
nesty, atonement, bailout, clearance, clearing, compurga- lead, look after, manage, officiate at, operate, oversee, per-
tion, deliverance, discharge, emancipation, exculpation, ducere, pilot, preside over, proceed with, regulate, run, su-
exemption, expiation, extrication, forgiveness, liberation, perintend, supervise, take care of, take charge of, transact,
liberty, pardon, parole, release, remission, reprieve, rescue usher
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: dismissal of criminal charges ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: conduct a business, conduct a sale,
conducted for profit, conducting business
CONDITIONAL INTENT, noun alternative intent, alter- FOREIGN PHRASES: Melius est recurrere quam malo cur-
native intentions, conditional threat, contingent intent, in- rere. It is better to recede than to proceed in error.
tent subject to condition, intent with conditions attached,
sufficient intent CONDUIT (Channel), noun agency, artery, avenue,
contrivance, course, device, instrument, machinery, man-
CONDONATION, noun absolution, accommodation, ner, means, medium, method, mode, path, process, route,
acquittal, allowance, amnesty, cancellation, charity, clear- way
ance, clemency, compassion, conciliation, concord, dis- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: intermediary and accomplice to a
charge, dismissal, disposition to pardon, disregard, excusal, crime
exemption, exoneration, expiation, extenuation, extrica-
tion, forgiveness, full pardon, grace, impunity, indemnity, CONDUIT (Intermediary), noun advocate, agent, del-
indulgence, lenience, magnanimity, mercy, nonliability, egate, deputy, emissary, envoy, functionary, go-between,

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intermedium, mediary, mediator, medium, middleman, admission of guilt, assertion, avowal of guilt, confirmation,
negotiator, proxy, representative, substitute, surrogate declaration, disclosure, disclosure of fault, divulgement,
divulgence, exclamation, exomologesis, incriminating
CONFABULATE, verb advise, bandy, brainstorm, chat, statement, inculpatory statement, pronouncement, purga-
confab, confer, consider, consult, converse, counsel, de- tion, revealment, self-accusation, self-condemnation, state-
bate, deliberate, disclose, discuss, dispute, divulge, exam- ment, utterance
ine, gossip, groupthink, parley, rehash, review, talk, talk ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: confessed judgment, confession and
over, treat, ventilate, weigh avoidance, confession of error, extrajudicial confessions,
implied confession, involuntary confession, judgment by
CONFEDERACY (Compact), noun affiliation, align- confession, judicial confession, voluntary confession, writ-
ment, alliance, association, body, cartel, coalition, combina- ten confession
tion, combine, concurrence, confederation, confraternity, FOREIGN PHRASES: Confessus in judicio pro judicato hab-
consolidation, coterie, federation, fellowship, foedus, fu- etur, et quodammodo sua sententia damnatur. A per-
sion, guild, league, pactum, set, societas, society, solidar- son confessing his guilt in court is deemed to have been
ity, syndicate, trust, unification, union found guilty and is, in a manner, condemned by his own
sentence. Cum confitente sponte mitius est agendum.
CONFEDERACY (Conspiracy), noun cabal, collusion, One making a voluntary confession is to be dealt with more
complicity, complot, coniuratio, connivance, criminal leniently.
agreement, illegal agreement, illegal compact, intrigue,
plot, schemery, treasonable alliance CONFIDE (Divulge), verb disclose, disclose something
secret, discuss private affairs, divulgate, entrust with pri-
CONFEDERATE, noun abettor, accessory, accomplice, vate information, let know, make known, reveal something
adjunct, adjutant, adjuvant, aid, aider, ally, assistant, associ- private, share secrets, tell a secret, tell with assurance of
ate, auxiliary, coactor, coadjutant, coadjutor, collaborator, secrecy, trust to keep secret
colleague, colluder, comate, companion, comrade, confi-
dant, confrere, consociate, conspirator, conspirer, coopera- CONFIDE (Trust), verb believe in, commit, consign,
tor, coworker, fellow, friend, helper, helpmate, intrigant, deliver to the care of, entrust, feel sure of, give in trust,
participator, partner, support, supporter have confidence in, have faith in, hold responsible for,
place reliance on, put faith in, put in care of, rely on, rely
CONFER (Consult), verb advise, compare opinions, upon
confide in, consult with, consultare, counsel, deliberate, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: attorney-client privilege, confidential
discuss, exchange observations, exhort, give advice, hold creditor, confidential informant, confidential relation, fidu-
a conference, hold a consultation, interchange views, ne- ciary relationship, husband-wife privilege, physician-patient
gotiate, palaver, parley, refer, seek advice, take counsel, privilege, priest-penitant privilege, privileged against self-
talk over incrimination, privileged communications
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: confer with a client, confer with an
associate CONFIDENCE (Faith), noun affiance, aplomb, assur-
ance, boldness, certainty, certitude, cocksureness, confi-
CONFER (Give), verb accord, adjudge, administer, dentness, conviction, courage, credence, credulity, fear-
award, bestow, cede, conferre, convey, deliver, dispense, lessness, fides, fiducia, firm belief, heart, intrepidity,
endow, give, grant, hand down, impart, invest, issue, pass morale, nerve, optimism, poise, positiveness, reliance,
down, present, relinquish, tender, transfer, transmit, yield sanguineness, security, sureness, surety, trust
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: confer authority, confer jurisdiction, FOREIGN PHRASES: Multa fidem promissa levant. Many
conferred powers promises lessen confidence. Fides servanda est. Good
faith must be observed.
CONFERENCE, noun assembly, colloquy, conclave,
confabulation, consultation, consultation meeting, conven- CONFIDENCE (Relation of trust), noun assurance of
tion, conversations, convocation, deliberation, dialogue, secrecy, classified communication, concealment, confiden-
discussion, exchange, forum, gathering, interchange of tial communication, confidential matter, intimacy, personal
opinions, interlocution, meeting, negotiation, negotiations, matter, privacy, private, private affair, privileged communi-
palaver, parlance, parley, premeditation, seminar, sympo- cation, secrecy, secret, secret communication
sium, talks ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: attorney-client confidence, confiden-
tial communications, husband-wife confidence, physi-
CONFESS, verb acknowledge, acknowledge one’s guilt, cian-patient confidence, priest-penitent confidence
admit, admit guilt, bare, come forth, compurgate, concede,
confiteri, declare, disburden one’s conscience, disclose, di- CONFIDENTIAL, adjective arcane, arcanus, auricular,
vulge, expose, fateri, give evidence, inculpate, lay open, classified, concealed, fidus, hidden, imparted in secret,
make a confession, make solemn affirmation, own up, purge irrevealable, not for publication, not to be communicated,
oneself, reveal, tell all, turn state’s evidence, utter, yield not to be disclosed, not to be quoted, not to be spoken of,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: confess guilt, confess judgment, con- off the record, private, restricted, secret, spoken in confi-
fess participation dence, told in confidence, top secret, undercover, unmen-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Qui tacet non utique fatetur, sed tionable, unrevealed
tamen verum est eum non negare. He who is silent ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: confidential communication, confi-
does not confess, but it is nevertheless true that he does dential information, confidential proceeding, confidential
not deny. relationship, fiduciary relationship, privilege

CONFESSION, noun acknowledgment, acknowledg- CONFIDENTIAL COMMUNICATION, noun acquired

ment of guilt, acquiescence, admission, admission of fault, facts which cannot be revealed, acquired knowledge

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which cannot be revealed, compilations which cannot be with, ally, approve, assent, attest, authenticate, authorize,
revealed, concealed documents, knowledge of facts which avow, charter, commend, comprobare, concede, concur,
cannot be revealed, knowledge which cannot be revealed, consent, corroborate, countersign, document, endorse, es-
learning which cannot be revealed, not for publication, not tablish, fortify, give one’s word for, give security, guaran-
to be communicated, not to be disclosed, not to be tee, homologate, join in a compact, legalize, license, make
quoted, not to be spoken about, private, privileged com- firm, make valid, pass, permit, prove, ratify, recognize,
munication, protected communication, restricted, secret, sancire, sanction, seal, second, support, sustain, uphold,
spoken in confidence, told in confidence, top secret validate, verify, vote for, vouch for
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: attorney-privileged, doctor-patient, FOREIGN PHRASES: Confirmare nemo potest prius quam
priest-penitent, spousal immunity jus ei acciderit. No one can confirm a right before it ac-
crues to him. Confirmare est id firmum facere quod
CONFIDENTIALITY, noun classified, concealed, hid- prius infirmum fuit. To confirm is to make firm that which
den, not for publication, not to be communicated, not to be had been infirm. Confirmat usum qui tollit abusum. He
disclosed, not to be quoted, not to be spoken of, privacy, confirms a use who removes an abuse.
private, protected, restricted, revealed in confidence,
secrecy, secret, spoken in confidence, told in confidence, CONFIRMATION, noun acceptance, accord, accor-
top secret, unmentionable, unrevealed dance, acknowledgment, acquiescence, admission, affi-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: affirmative defense, need-to-know davit, affirmance, affirmation, approval, assent, assertion,
principle, nondisclosure agreement, secrecy assurance, attestation, authentication, authorization,
averment, avouchment, certification, corroboration, cor-
CONFIGURATION (Confines), noun borders, bound- roborative statement, declaration, deposition, documen-
ary, bounds, circumscription, contour, delineation, dimen- tation, endorsement, legal pledge, oath, proof, ratifica-
sions, edges, extent, framework, frontiers, limitations, lim- tion, sanction, seal, solemn averment, solemn avowal,
its, line of demarcation, outline, perimeter solemn declaration, stamp of approval, subscription, sub-
stantiation, support, swearing, validation, verification,
CONFIGURATION (Form), noun anatomy, appear- visé, warrant
ance, arrangement, body, cast, character, composition, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: confirmation of judgment, confirma-
conformation, constitution, construction, contour, de- tion of sale
sign, external form, features, figuration, figure, format, FOREIGN PHRASES: Non valet confirmatio, nisi ille, qui
formation, frame, framework, galbe, layout, lines, look, confirmat, sit in possessione rei vel juris unde fieri
makeup, outline, outward form, pattern, physique, pro- debet confirmatio; et eodem modo, misi ille cui confir-
file, rough outline, scheme of arrangement, shape, sil- matio fit sit in possessione. Confirmation is not valid
houette, skeleton, structural composition, structural unless he who confirms is either in possession of the thing
design, structure itself or of the right of which confirmation is to be made,
and, in like manner, unless he to whom confirmation is
CONFINE, verb arrest, barricade, bind, bound, cage, made is in possession. Confirmatio est nulla ubi donum
capture, circumscribe, coercere, cohibere, commit, commit praecedens est invalidum. Confirmation is a nullity where
to prison, constrain, contain, control, detain, enchain, en- the preceding gift is invalid. Confirmatio omnes supplet
close, enthrall, fence in, harness, hold, hold as a hostage, defectus, licet id quod actum est ab initio non valuit.
hold back, hold captive, hold in captivity, hold in check, Confirmation supplies all defects, though that which had
hold in thrall, hold prisoner, immure, impound, imprison, been done was not valid at the beginning.
incarcerate, includere, institutionalize, intern, jail, keep in
custody, keep under control, keep within bounds, limit, lock CONFISCATE, verb adeem, annex, appropriate, appro-
up, pen in, place in durance, place under protective cus- priate to public use, assume, attach, cause to be forfeited,
tody, put into isolation, put under arrest, put under restraint, compulsorily acquire, condemn, condemn to public use,
quarantine, recommit, remand, repress, restrain, restrict, deprive, deprive of, disentitle, disinherit, dispossess, dis-
restrict access, seclude, send to jail, shut in, subdue, subju- seise, distrain, divest, expropriate, foreclose, forfeit, im-
gate, suppress, take into custody, take prisoner, trammel pound, impress, levy, publicare, seize, seize and appropriate,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: actual confinement, confine to an seize as forfeited to the public treasury, seize by authority,
asylum, confinement to a jail, false imprisonment, kidnap- sequester, sequestrate, take away from, take over, take pos-
ping, solitary confinement session of, take summarily, wrench away from, wrest away
from, wring away from
CONFINEMENT, noun apprehension, arrest, bondage, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: condemn, eminent domain, exercise
captivity, circumspection, constraint, custody, detainment, the right of
enslavement, immurement, impoundment, imprisonment,
incarceration, jail, limitation, prison, rein, restraint, restric- CONFISCATORY, adjective acquisitive, appropriating,
tion, servitude, solitary confinement attaching, capturing, commandeering, conquering, depriv-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bail pending appeal, bail pending trial ative, depriving, disseizing, distraining, divesting, exacting,
expropriatory, extortionary, foreclosing, forfeiting, garnish-
CONFINES, noun borders, boundaries, boundary lines, ing, impounding, rapacious, requisitory, seizing, seques-
bounds, compound, confinements, curbs, curtilages, division trating, taking, usurpatory
lines, edges, enclosures, ends, environs, extents, extremi- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: confiscatory orders, confiscatory
ties, fringes, limitations, limits, lines of demarcation, metes, rates
outer edges, outlines, perimeter, precincts, restraints, skirts
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: within the confines of the law CONFLAGRATION, noun blaze, bonfire, deflagration,
destructive fire, devastation, devouring element, fire, gen-
CONFIRM, verb accede, accord, accredit, acknowl- eral fire, ignis, incendiarism, incendium, sheet of flame, wall
edge, acquiesce, add strength to, adhere, agree to, agree of flame, wholesale destruction, wildfire

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CONFLATE, verb amalgamate, coalesce, combine, be at odds, two minds, two ways to look at the same
commingle, commix, composite, compound, conjoin, con- issue, variance
verge, fuse, homogenize, incorporate, inmix, integrate, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: canons of ethics, Chinese wall, ethical
lump together, meld, merge, mingle, mix, unify wall, professionalism

CONFLICT, noun adverseness, affray, altercation, ani- CONFLUENCE, noun amalgamation, combination,
mosity, antagonism, antipathy, argument, argumentation, combining, conjunction, connecting, connection, consoli-
battle, belligerency, breach, challenge, clash, clash of dation, convergence, coupling, joining, junction, linking,
arms, collision, combat, competition, conflict of opinion, meeting, merging, unification, union
contention, contentiousness, contest, contradiction, con-
traposition, contrariety, contrariness, contrast, contraven- CONFORM, verb abide by, accede, accept, acclima-
tion, controversy, corrivalry, counteraction, debate, defi- tize, accommodate, accord, adapt, adhere to, adjust,
ance, difference, disaccord, disagreement, disapprobation, agree, align, approve, arrive at terms, assimilate, attend to
discord, discordance, discrepancy, disharmony, dislike, instructions, attune, be at one with, be in harmony, be in
dispute, disputed point, dissension, dissent, dissidence, keeping, be regulated by, become like, become similar,
dissonance, disunion, disunity, divergence, divergent bend, come round, comply, concede, concur, convention-
opinions, division, embroilment, encounter, engage- alize, coordinate, correlate, correspond, equalize, fall in, fall
ment, enmity, faction, failure to agree, fight, fighting, firm into line, fit, fit in, follow, follow precedent, follow routine,
opposition, friction, hatred, hostilities, hostility, incompat- go along with, join the majority, keep to, liken, make uni-
ibility, incongruence, incongruity, inconsistency, infringe- form, match, measure up to, obey, obey orders, obey regu-
ment, inharmoniousness, inimicality, interference, irrecon- lations, obey rules, observe, observe discipline, obtemper-
cilability, mismatch, misunderstanding, opposing causes, are, reconcile, render accordant, side with, stand together,
opposition, oppugnancy, polarity, quarrel, quarreling, standardize, submit, suit, support, synchronize, system-
question at issue, rencounter, renitency, resistance, rivalry, atize, tailor, yield, yield assent
subject of dispute, tension, turmoil, unharmoniousness, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: conformed copies, conformed to the
variance, want of harmony, wrangle law
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: center of gravity theory, conflict of
interest, conflict of laws, conflicting clauses, conflicting evi- CONFORMITY (Agreement), noun accommodation,
dence, conflicting findings, conflicting jurisdiction, conflict- accord, accordance, acquiescence, adjustment, affinity,
ing provisions, irreconcilable conflict agreement, alliance, assent, coincidence, collaboration,
combined operation, compatibility, concert, concinnity,
CONFLICT, verb ablude, argue, be at cross purposes, be concord, concurrence, concurrent opinion, conformance,
at variance, be contrary, be different, be discordant, be in- conformation, congeniality, congruence, congruency, con-
consistent, be inharmonious, be opposed, be opposed to, be gruity, conjunction, consensus, consent, consonance, con-
unwilling, change, clash, collide, combat, come into colli- venientia, convention, cooperation, correspondence, har-
sion, contend, contest, contradict, contrast, controvert, mony, joint effort, joint planning, league, likeness, oneness,
counteract, cross, debate, defy, depart from, deviate, differ, similarity, uniformity, union
differ in opinion, disaccord, disagree, disapprove, discrep- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: conformity in pleadings
are, dislike, dispute, dissent, dissentire, divaricate, diverge
from, go contrary to, go in opposition to, have differences, CONFORMITY (Obedience), noun adherence, assimila-
hinder, hold opposite views, interfere with, not abide, not tion, association, close observance, compliance, confor-
accept, not conform, not have any part of, object, oppose, mance, conformation, consent, consistency, conventional-
play at cross purposes, protest, quarrel, refute, repugnare, ity, dutifulness, faithfulness, fidelity, full observance,
resist, revolt, rival, run against, run at cross purposes, run obeisance, observance, submission, submissiveness, subor-
counter to, run in opposition to, schismatize, set oneself dination, willingness, yielding
against, strike back, strive against, struggle, take exception,
vary, wrangle CONFOUND, verb abash, astonish, astound, baffle, be
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: conflicting claim, conflicting clauses, uncertain, becloud, bewilder, bring into disorder, compli-
conflicting evidence, conflicting findings, conflicting inter- cate, confundere, confuse, dumbfound, embrangle, em-
ests, conflicting jurisdiction, conflicting provisions broil, entangle, involve, make havoc, mingle confusedly,
mislead, muddle, mystify, nonplus, obfuscate, obscure, per
CONFLICT OF INTEREST, noun conflict, divergent in- miscere, perplex, put into disorder, puzzle, scramble, throw
terests between clients, ethical breach, prohibiting accep- into confusion
tance or retention of a case, variance of interest between
clients CONFRONT (Encounter), verb accost, brave, breast,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: code of professional responsibility, come across, come face to face with, come in contact, face,
disqualification meet, stand facing, stand opposite

CONFLICT OF OPINION, noun animosity, antago- CONFRONT (Oppose), verb act in opposition to, argue
nism, antipathy, battle, brawl, clash, combat, competition, against, assail, be against, be at cross-purposes, be oppo-
completely different positions, conflict, conflicting opin- site, challenge, come in conflict with, contend against,
ions, conflicting views, contention, contest, controversy, contend with, contradict, contrapose, contrast with, con-
difference, differences, disaccord, disagree, discord, dis- travene, controvert, count against, counteract, counterat-
harmony, dishonorable conduct, dispute, disreputable tack, counterwork, cross, defy, deny, disagree with, disap-
conduct, dissension, dissent, dissention, disunity, divi- prove, dispute, engage in conflict with, go against, mark
sion, emulation, enmity, fracas, fray, hostility, ill will, in- against, match against, meet in conflict, object, offer resis-
compatibility, incongruity, not seeing eye to eye, opposi- tance, oppugn, protest, put in opposition, rebuff, recalci-
tion, rancor, rift, rivalry, schism, strife, struggle, tangle, to trate, repel, resist, rise against, rival, run counter, run

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counter to, se opponere, set oneself against, skirmish, shapelessness, tumult, turbulence, unrest, unsettlement,
stand firm, stem, strike back, struggle, take exception to, upheaval, uproar
turn against, wrangle, wrestle with
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: right of cross-examination, right to CONFUTATION, noun abjurement, challenge, con-
confront witnesses demnation, contradiction, contrariety, contrary assertion,
contravention, countercharge, counterevidence, coun-
CONFRONTATION (Act of setting face to face), noun terstatement, disavowal, disproof, effective rejoinder,
act of facing, approach, audience, colloquy, coming to- evidence against, evidence on the other side, negation,
gether, conference, consultation, dialogue, discussion, en- plea in rebuttal, rebuttal, rebutter, redargution, refuta-
counter, engagement, interview, meeting, parley, rencoun- tion, rejoinder, renunciation, reply, repudiation, retort,
ter surrejoinder
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: right of confrontation, right of cross-
examination, right to confront witnesses CONFUTE, verb answer, argue, challenge, confound,
contradict, contravene, controvert, counter, counteract,
CONFRONTATION (Altercation), noun affray, argu- countercharge, countervail, debate, defeat, demolish, deny,
ment, battle, bout, brawl, brush, clash, collision, combat, disagree, disavow, disown, disprove, dispute, dissent, fight,
conflict, confrontment, contention, contestation, disagree- gainsay, impeach, impugn, invalidate, negate, oppose,
ment, discord, dispute, engagement, fight, fracas, fray, parry, quash, quibble, rebut, refute, reply, repudiate, retort,
hostile contest, hostile encounter, mêlée, opposition, riposte, set aside, squelch, subvert, upset, vanquish
opposure, quarrel, rencounter, row, scuffle, skirmish, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: confute a witness’s testimony
squabble, struggle, velitation, wrangle
CONGEALMENT, noun act of hardening, coagulation,
CONFUSE (Bewilder), verb abash, addle, astonish, baf- cohesion, compactness, concreteness, concretion, conden-
fle, befog, befuddle, bemuddle, confound, confundere, sation, congelation, consistence, consolidation, crystalliza-
daze, discompose, disconcert, distract, embarrass, flurry, tion, gelatinization, gelling, hardness, impenetrability, im-
fluster, fog, jumble, mislead, mix up, muddle, mystify, non- permeability, incompressibility, indivisibility, jellification,
plus, obfuscate, permiscere, perplex, perturbare, puzzle, petrification, precipitation, solidification, solidity, solidness,
rattle, render uncertain, stump, stupefy, throw into confu- thickening, thickness
sion, unhinge, unsettle
CONGLOMERATE, adjective accumulated, agglomer-
CONFUSE (Create disorder), verb clutter, derange, dis- ate, aggregate, amalgamated, amassed, assembled,
arrange, disarray, disorder, disorganize, displace, disturb, blended, brought together, collected, collectivized, com-
embroil, entangle, intermingle, jumble, mess, mess up, bined, complex, composite, compound, compounded,
mingle, mix up, muddle, snarl, throw into confusion, throw congregate, congregated, cumulated, gathered into a
into disorder, unsettle round mass, glomerate, indiscriminate, inseparable, mass,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: mistake, mistake of fact, mistake of mingled, miscellaneous, mixed, united, varied
law
CONGLOMERATION, noun accumulation, agglomer-
CONFUSION (Ambiguity), noun agitation, amor- ation, aggregate, aggregation, amassment, array, assem-
phousness, astonishment, brouhaha, complex, complexity, bly, assortment, collection, compilation, consolidation, cu-
complication, confusion, congestion, convulsion, disar- mulation, forgathering, glomeration, group, ingathering,
rangement, disarray, discomposure, dislocation, disorgani- lot, mass, miscellany, multitude, quantity
zation, distraction, doubt, enigma, ferment, fog, fracas,
fuzziness, haze, hodgepodge, imbroglio, intricacy, involu- CONGREGATE, verb accumulate, aggregate, ag-
tion, jumble, labyrinth, maze, melee, mix-up, opacity, group, amass, assemble, bring together, bring together in
panic, paraphrenia, patchwork, perplexity, rumpus, scram- a crowd, bunch, cluster, collect, collect into a focus, come
ble, skein, stupefaction, to-do, tumult, turbulence, uncer- in contact, come together, compile, concentrate, con-
tainty, uproar, vagueness glomerate, congregari, convene, converge, convocate,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS : confusion of goods, confusion crowd together, gather, get together, group, herd to-
of issues, confusion of rights gether, ingather, join, mass, meet, meet in a body, rally,
receive, throng, unite
CONFUSION (Commotion), noun chaos, dilemma, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: breach of the peace, congregate in a
disorder, disturbance, embroilment, entanglement, havoc, public place
imbroglio, irregularity, medley, muddle, pandemonium,
shambles, snarl, tangle, turmoil CONGREGATION, noun aggregate, aggregation,
amassment, assemblage, assembly, assembly of persons,
CONFUSION (Consternation), noun befuddlement, association, audience, batch, coetus, collection, conclave,
chagrin, confoundment, disconcertion, disorientation, dis- conference, congregated body, convention, conventus,
tress, fear, fluster, fright, mortification, mystification, pertur- convergence, convocation, crowd, forgathering, gathering,
bation, quandary, suffusion, trepidation getting together, horde, ingathering, mass, mass meeting,
meeting, multitude, reunion, session
CONFUSION (Turmoil), noun anarchy, chaos, clamor,
clutter, commotion, complexity, confusio, congestion, de- CONGRESS, noun advisory body, assemblage, assem-
moralization, difficulty, disarrangement, disarray, discord, bly, consultive body, council, governmental body, legisla-
disorder, disorderliness, disorganization, disquiet, disqui- tive body, legislature, political body
etude, distraction, disturbance, entanglement, farrago,
ferment, frenzy, havoc, imbroglio, inseparable intermix- CONGRUENCE, noun accord, accordance, acquies-
ture, muddle, pandemonium, perturbatio, rampage, cence, adjustment, affinity, agreement, coherence,

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coincidence, common feature, compatibility, compliance, CONJUGAL, adjective betrothed, bridal, coniugalis,
concert, concordance, conformance, conformity, congeni- conjugate connubial, coupled, espoused, marital, married,
ality, congruity, consensus, consistency, correspondence, matched, mated, matrimonial, nuptial, paired, partnered,
harmony, identification, likeness, oneness with, parallelism, united, wedded
relevance, resemblance, similarity, understanding, unifor- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: conjugal rights
mity, unison, unity
CONJUNCT, adjective allied, amalgamated, associ-
CONGRUOUS, adjective accordant, acquiescent, ated, binding, coadunate, coalescent, coherent, cohesive,
adapted, agreeable, agreed, akin, analogical, analogous, combined, complex, composite, concerted, conjoint, con-
applicable, apposite, appropriate, assenting, coexistent, nected, consensual, consolidated, contiguous, coopera-
coexisting, coincident, coinciding, combining, commend- tive, correlative, incorporated, indissoluble, indivisible, in-
able, commensurate, compatible, concordant, concur- extricile, inseparable, integrated, joined, joint, matched,
rent, conformable, conforming, congruent, consensual, merged, paired, partnered, participant, symbiotic, unified,
consentaneous, consentient, consistent with, consonant, united
consubstantial, correlative, correspondent, correspond- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: conjunctive denials, conjunctive obli-
ing, equal, equivalent, fit, fitting, germane, harmonious, gations, conjunctive of averments, conjunctive relief
harmonized, identified with, in accord, in accordance FOREIGN PHRASES: Conjunctim et divisim. Jointly and
with, in harmony with, in point, in rapport, in unison severally.
with, like, matching, near, parallel, proportional, propor-
tionate, reconcilable, relevant, representative, represent- CONJUNCTION, noun adjacency, agreement, alliance,
ing, resembling, similar, similative, suiting, synchronized, association, compliance, concatenation, concert, concomi-
synchronous, synonymous tance, concord, concurrence, concurrent opinion, confor-
mity, conjoining, connection, cooperation, harmony, joint
CONJECTURAL, adjective abstract, allusive, apparent, effort, junction, network, union, united action
assumed, circumstantial, debatable, disputable, doubtful,
hypothetical, ideal, imagined, impractical, notional, postu- CONJURE, verb call to mind, conceive, conceptualize,
lated, presumptive, propositional, putative, referential, re- contemplate, create, devise, dream up, envisage, excogi-
puted, speculative, speculatory, suppositional, suppositive, tare, excogitate, fabricate, fancy, fingere, form an image,
surmised, theoretical, uncertain, undetermined, unsettled formulate, frame, give play to the imagination, have a vi-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: conjecture as an objection to a wit- sion, imagine, improvise, invent, machinari, make up,
ness’s testimony nurture, originate, perceive, produce, realize, represent to
oneself, think of, think up, visualize
CONJECTURE, noun assumption, belief, guess, guess- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: conjure up a cause of action
work, hypothesis, imputation, inference, opinion, postu-
late, postulation, presumption, presupposition, presurmise, CONJURE UP, verb call to mind, conceive, create,
speculation, supposal, supposition, surmise, suspicion, devise, dream, envisage, envision, evoke, excogitate,
theory, thesis, unverified supposition fancy, ideate, imagine, invent, invoke, objectify, occur,
FOREIGN PHRASES: In claris non est locus conjecturis. In picture, recall, recollect, remember, summon, summon
matters which are obvious, there is no room for conjecture. up, visualize

CONJOIN, verb accumulate, add, add to, ally, amass, CONNECT (Join together), verb adligare, amalgamate,
annex, assemble, attach, be joined, blend, bring together, annex, append, assemble, attach, band, band together,
cement, clap together, clasp together, coalesce, cohere, bind, blend, bridge, bring in contact with, cement, co-
collect, combine, compound, connect, consolidate, en- alesce, cohere, combine, conjoin, connectere, consolidate,
twine, fuse, gather, hold together, incorporate, interlace, couple, entwine, fasten together, fuse, gather, graft, har-
interlock, intertwist, interweave, join together, make one, ness together, hook, hyphenate, interlink, interlock, inter-
mass, merge, mix, reunite, unify, unite twine, interweave, iungere, join, knit, lace, league, link to-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: conjoint legacy, conjoint robbery, gether, lock, marry, match, meet, merge, pair, partner, put
conjoint wills together, solder, subjoin, tie, touch, unite, verge on, wed

CONJOINT, adjective affiliated, affixed, agreed, al- CONNECT (Relate), verb affiliate, ally, appertain to, as-
lied, amalgamated, assimilated, associated, attached, sociate, bracket, bridge, cohere, consociate, correlate, draw
banded together, blended, bound together, cemented, a parallel, group, integrate, interconnect, interrelate, link to-
coalescent, coalitional, cohesive, collective, combined, gether, make relevant, match, pertain to, relate, show a rela-
common, commutual, compact, compatible, composite, tionship, show affinity, show as cognate, show as kindred,
concerted, concomitant, concurrent, confederate, confed- show relation, show resemblance, show similarity, span
erated, congruent, conjunct, conjunctive, connected, con- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: connect the suspect to the crime
solidated, corporate, coupled, coworking, en rapport,
fastened together, federated, federative, fused, in alliance, CONNECTED (Affiliated), adjective affinitive, allied,
in common, in conjunction, in league, incorporated, indi- amalgamated, apposite, appurtenant, attached, bracketed,
visible, inseparable, integrated, interclasped, interdepen- coadunate, cognate, coherent, communicating, compact,
dent, interfused, intermixed, joined, joined together, confederate, congenerous, congenial, conjoint, connatural,
joint, leagued, linked, locked, merged, mixed, paired, consanguineous, consecutive, consolidated, contiguous,
partnered, pieced together, pooled, reciprocally attached, continual, continuous, corporate, coupled, federate, ger-
spliced, tied together, together, unified, united, wedded, mane, homogenous, inseparable, joined, kindred, knit,
welded leagued, related, spliced, unbroken, undivided, united
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: conjoint legacy, conjoint robbery, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: connected causes of action, con-
conjoint wills nected counterclaims, connected subjects contained in a bill

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CONNECTED (Apropos), adjective akin, applicable, ap- CONQUER, verb annihilate, beat, best, better, circum-
propriate, associated, collateral, combined, consonant, con- vent, control, crush, defeat, discomfit, dominate, foil,
tinued, correlative, linked, pertinent, relevant, uninterrupted humble, master, outdo, outrival, outwit, overcome, over-
power, overthrow, prevail, quash, quell, subdue, subject,
CONNECTION (Abutment), noun abuttal, border, con- subjugate, subordinate, surmount, transcend, triumph over,
tact, contiguousness, junction, juxtaposition, nearness, upend, vanquish, whip, win
tangency, union
CONSANGUINEOUS, adjective affiliated, agnate,
CONNECTION (Fastening), noun attachment, binder, akin, allied, ancestral, blood-related, closely allied, closely
bond, bridge, catch, catenation, cohesion, combination, related, cognate, collateral, congenerous, connatural, con-
concatenation, conjunction, consolidation, copula, couple, sanguine, distantly related, family related, fraternal, heredi-
fastener, hitch, holdfast, interconnection, joiner, joint, junc- tary, intimately related, kindred, maternal, matrilineal,
tion, juncture, knot, liaison, ligature, link, linkage, nexus, nearly allied, nearly related, of the blood, of the same fam-
splice, tie, unifier, union ily, of the same kind, paternal, patriarchal, patrilinear, re-
lated, relative
CONNECTION (Relation), noun affiliation, alliance, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: lineal consanguinity
analogy, applicability, application, association, bearing, co-
alition, coherence, coherency, common denominator, com- CONSCIENCE, noun categorical imperative, code of
mon reference, consanguinity, consociation, correlation, duty, code of honor, compunction, conscientia, conscien-
identification, interrelation, kinship, league, liaison, link, tiousness, ethical judgment, ethical philosophy, ethical
linkage, match, parallel, pertinence, propinquity, rapport, self, ethics, high ideals, high standards, honesty, honor,
reference, relatedness, relationship, relevance, tie ideals, inner voice, integrity, inward monitor, mind, moral
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: connection between a suspect and a consciousness, moral faculty, moral obligation, moral prin-
crime ciples, moral sense, principle, probity, professional ethics,
rectitude, scruples, sense of duty, sense of moral right,
CONNIVANCE, noun act of maneuvering, act of sense of right and wrong, standards, superego, uprightness
scheming, alliance, association, chicanery, coagency, coin- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: conscientious objector
cidence, collaboration, collusion, combined operation, FOREIGN PHRASES: Fides est obligatio conscientiae alicujus
complicity, complot, concert, concord, concurrence, con- ad intentionem alterius. A trust is an obligation of con-
current opinion, confederacy, conjunction, conspiracy, science of one to the will of another. Judex habere debet
contrivance, cooperation, corrupt agreement, corrupt collu- duos sales—sales, salem sapientiae, ne sit insipidus; et
sion, corrupt consent, corrupt consenting, corrupt coopera- salem conscientiae, ne sit diabolus. A judge ought to
tion, implied assent, indulgentia, intrigue, joint effort, joint have two salts—the salt of wisdom, lest he be insipid; and
planning, junction, league, liaison, machination, manipula- the salt of conscience, lest he be devilish. La conscience est
tion, participation, plot, scheme, secret approval, under- la plus changeante des regles. Conscience is the most
hand participation, underhanded complicity, underplot, changeable of rules.
voluntary oversight, working together
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: connivance as a defense to a divorce CONSCIENTIOUS, adjective assiduous, attentive,
careful, diligent, duteous, dutiful, exacting, faithful, fastidi-
CONNIVE, verb act in concert, be a party to, be in collu- ous, heedful, honest, honorable, incorruptible, just, meritori-
sion with, collude, combine, complot, concert, conspire, ous, meticulous, minute, moral, observant, painstaking,
cooperate, cooperate with secretly, countermine, counter- particular, precise, principled, punctilious, regardful, reli-
plot, engineer, in re connivere, intrigue, join forces, join with, able, religiosus, reputable, righteous, sanctus, scrupulous,
machinate, make an agreement with, maneuver, participate, strict, thorough, trustworthy, trusty, uncorrupt, upright, vir-
participate surreptitiously, plot, rem dissimulare, scheme tuous

CONNOTATION, noun allusion, application, bearing, CONSCIOUS, adjective alert, apprehending, aware,
broad meaning, coloring, comprehension, construction, calculated, cautious, cognizant, considered, designed, di-
context, denotation, derivation, drift, essence, essential rect, exacting, expected, explicit, heedful, informed, inten-
meaning, expression, force, general meaning, gist, hint, tional, knowing, meant, mindful, observant, on purpose,
idea, impact, implication, import, inference, information, open-eyed, perceiving, perceptive, planned, prearranged,
innuendo, insinuation, intent, intention, interpretation, lit- predetermined, premeditated, promised, proposed, pur-
eral interpretation, literal meaning, literal sense, literality, posed, purposeful, regardful, sensible, sentient, set, Sophic,
meaning, natural meaning, object, obvious interpretation, studied, supraliminal, vigilant, voluntary, watchful, willful,
obvious meaning, obvious sense, original meaning, plain witting
meaning, point of, primary meaning, purport, range of
meaning, real interpretation, real meaning, real sense, ref- CONSCIOUS (Awake), adjective able to recognize,
erence, scope, secondary implied meaning, sense, signifi- active, acute, alert, alive, animate, astir, breathing, en-
cance, signification, simple meaning, source, spirit, sub- dowed with life, enlivened, existent, existing, extant, im-
stance, substantial meaning, suggestion, symbolization, bued with life, in existence, inspirited, live, living, mortal,
tenor, true meaning, unstrained meaning, worth vivified

CONNOTE, verb allude to, carry a suggestion, com- CONSCIOUS (Aware), adjective acquainted with, ap-
municate, convey, denote, designate, evidence, express, perceptive, appreciative, apprehending, apprised, atten-
give indirect information, hint, imply, indicate, infer, insinu- tive, cognizant, comprehending, conscius, discerning,
ate, intimate, involve, make indirect suggestion, mean, heedful, informed, knowing, mindful, observant, percep-
point to, refer to, represent, signify, speak of, stand for, tive, percipient, rational, regardful, sensible, sentient, un-
suggest, symbolize, tell of, touch on deceived, understanding, vigilant, watchful

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ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: conscious act, conscious disregard marriage, and persons cannot consent before marriageable
for others, conscious indifference, conscious reaction years. Consensus voluntas multorum ad quos res perti-
net, simul juncta. Consent is the united will of several in-
CONSECUTIVE, adjective chronological, coming after, terested in one subject matter. Consentientes et aqentes
connected, consequent, continens, continual, continuing, pari poena plectentur. Persons who consent and those
continuous, cumulative, ensuing, following in a series, in a who perform are subject to the same penalties. Longa pa-
line, in a row, in order, in regular order, in sequence, in tientia trahitur ad consensum. Long sufferance is con-
turn, in unbroken sequence, in uninterrupted succession, strued as consent. Itelius estomnia mala pati quam malo
nonstop, one after another, one after the other, perennial, consentire. It is better to suffer every ill than to consent to
recurrent, repeated, repetitive, running, sequent, sequen- evil. Nihil consensui tam controrium est quam vis atque
tial, serial, serialized, seriate, seriatim, steady, subsequent, metus. Nothing is as much opposed to consent as force and
succeeding, successive, unbroken, uninterrupted, uninter- fear. Non consentit qui errat. He who makes a mistake
rupted in course, unremitting does not consent. Non refert an quis assensum suum
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: consecutive sentences praefert verbis aut rebus ipsis et factis. It matters not
whether a man gives his consent by his words or by his acts
CONSENSUAL, adjective accordant, acquiesced in, and deeds. Non videntur qui errant consentire. Those
acquiescent, agreeable, agreed upon, approving, as- who err are not deemed to consent. Non videtur consen-
sented, at one with, attuned to, carried, coherent, coinci- sum retinuisse si quis ex praescripto minantis aliquid
dent with, collaborating, compatible, compliant, con- immutavit. He does not appear to have retained consent
ceded, concomitant, concordant, concurred in, concurrent, who has changed anything through menaces. Nuptias non
confirming, conforming to, congruent, conjunct, consenta- cuncubitus sed consensus facit. Not cohabitation but con-
neous, consentient, consistent with, cooperative, en- sent makes the marriage. Omne jus aut consensus fecit,
dorsed, granted, harmonious, harmonized, in agreement, aut necessitas constituit aut firmavit consuetudo.
in alliance, joint, like-minded, mutually agreeable, mutu- Consent created, necessity established, or custom has con-
ally understood, of one accord, of one mind, of the same firmed every law. Omnis consensus tollit errorem. Every
mind, parallel, popularly believed, reconciled, sympa- consent removes error. Qui tacet, consentire videtur. He
thetic, synergic, unanimous, unchallenged, uncontested, who is silent, is deemed to consent. Actus me invito factus
uncontradicted, uncontroversial, uncontroverted, under- non est meus actus. An act done against my will is not my
stood, undisputed, united, unopposed, unquestioned, act. Agentes et consentientes pari poena plectentur.
voted Acting and consenting parties are liable to the same punish-
ment. Consensus est voluntas plurium ad quos res per-
CONSENSUS, noun acclamation, accord, acknowledg- tinet, simul juncta. Consent is the conjoint will of several
ment, affirmance, affirmation, agreement, assonance, at- persons to whom the thing belongs. Consensus facit
tonement, bipartisanship, common consent, compact, com- legem. Consent makes the law. Consensus tollit errorem.
patibility, concent, concentus, concert, concinnity, concord, Consent removes or obviates mistake. Quod meum est
concordance, concurrence, conformance, conformation, sine me auferri non potest. What is mine cannot be taken
conformity, congruence, consentaneity, consentaneous- away without my consent. Volenti non fit injuria. He who
ness, consentience, consistency, consonance, cooperation, consents cannot receive an injury.
correspondence, general agreement, harmony, mutual
agreement, mutual sympathy, mutual understanding, rec- CONSENT, verb accede, accept, accord, acquiesce,
oncilement, solid vote, synchronization, unanimity, unifor- adsentire, affirm, agree, allow, approve, assent, authorize,
mity, union, unison be in favor of, be willing, come to terms, comply, concur,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: consensus of opinion, per curiam consentire, endorse, give approval, give consent, give per-
opinion mission, grant, gratify, have no objection, indicate willing-
ness, license, permit, ratify, sanction, suffer, support, toler-
CONSENT, noun accedence, acceptance, accord, ac- ate, warrant, yield
knowledgment, acquiescence, admission, adoption, affir- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: consent to an adjournment, consent
mance, affirmation, agreement, allowance, approbation, to jurisdiction
approval, assent, assurance, authentication, authority, au-
thorization, certification, commendation, compliance, CONSENT DECREE, noun an order accepted by the
concession, concord, concordance, concurrence, confir- parties, an order acquiesced by the parties, an order agreed
mation, consensus, corroboration, countenance, empow- to by the parties, an order approved by the parties, an
ering, endorsement, entitlement, grace, grant, guarantee, order consented to by the parties, an order endorsed by the
harmony, indulgence, leave, legalization, license, permis- parties, an order supported by the parties, an order with
sion, permit, ratification, sanction, stipulation, subscrip- the accord of the parties, consent order
tion, sufferance, support, tolerance, toleration, unison, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: consent rule
unity, validation, verification, vouchsafement, warrant,
warranty, willingness CONSENT ORDER, noun an order accepted by the
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: consent decree, consent in writing, parties, an order acquiesced by the parties, an order agreed
consent judgment, consent of adoptive parents, consent of to by the parties, an order approved by the parties, an
owner, consent of parties, consent to a taking, consent to order consented to by the parties, an order endorsed by the
an act, consent to search, express consent, implied con- parties, an order supported by the parties, an order with
sent, legal consent, limited consent, mutual consent, pa- the accord of the parties, consent decree
rental consent, qualified consent, removal of an action by ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: consent rule
consent, voluntary consent, without consent
FOREIGN PHRASES: Consensus non concubitus facit nuptias CONSENTING, adjective accommodating, accordant,
vel matrimonium et consentire non possunt ante annos acquiescent, acquiescing, agreeable, agreeing, allowing,
nubiles. Consent, not cohabitation, constitutes nuptials or approving, assentient, assenting, assentive, compliable,

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compliant, concordant, consentaneous, consentient, favor- sheltering, shielding, sparing, storage, support, sustaining,
ably inclined, in accord, in agreement, in harmony with, sustentation, upholding, upkeep
inclined to assent, likeminded, marked by consent, of one ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: conservation of assets, conservation
accord, permitting, voluntary, willing, yielding of property
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: abetting, consenting to be adjudged
a bankrupt, permitting, ratifying CONSERVATIVE READING, noun accurate meaning,
correct meaning, defined meaning, definition, distinct
CONSEQUENCE (Conclusion), noun aftereffect, after- meaning, exact meaning, explanation, explicit meaning,
growth, aftermath, climax, completion, conclusion, conse- express meaning, faithful meaning, inflexible meaning, lit-
cutio, consummation, culmination, decision, deduction, eral meaning, methodical meaning, meticulous meaning,
denouement, derivation, derivative, determination, de- narrow meaning, not subject to interpretation, ordinary
velopment, effect, emanation, ensual, eventuality, execu- meaning, plain meaning, precise meaning, prescribed
tion, final result, finale, finding, finish, fruition, illation, in- meaning, rigid meaning, rigorous meaning, sharply defined,
duction, logical result, offshoot, outcome, outgrowth, significance, specific meaning, strict meaning, unbending
product, reaction, resolution, response, result, resultant meaning, uncompromising meaning, unequivocal meaning
action, settlement, upshot, verdict ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: construction, literal contract, literal
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: consequential benefits, consequential proof plain meaning rule, rules of statutory, soft plain
contempt, consequential contracts, consequential dam- meaning rule, textualism
ages, consequential injuries, consequential loss
FOREIGN PHRASES: Consuetudo non trahitur in conseqen- CONSERVE, verb avoid using, expend gradually, ex-
tiam. Custom is not drawn into consequence. Non officit pend slowly, guard, keep, keep from loss, keep in exis-
conatus nisi sequatur effectus. An attempt does not tence, keep safe, keep unimpaired, maintain, omit using,
harm unless a consequence follows. Officit conatus si ef- preserve, prolong, protect, refrain from using, refuse to
fectus sequatur. The attempt becomes of consequence if waste, safeguard, save, save from loss, secure, servare,
the effect follows. shield, spare, store up, sustain, treasure, use carefully, use
frugally, use sparingly, use thriftily
CONSEQUENCE (Significance), noun accent, auctori-
tas, base, basis, core, distinction, effect, essence, essential CONSIDER, verb advert to, analyze, appraise, assess,
quality, force, germ, heart, import, importance, influence, be attentive, cerebrate, cogitate, confer, considerare, con-
magnitude, marrow, materialness, meaning, merit, na- sult, contemplate, debate, deliberate, devote attention to,
ture, notable feature, nucleus, point, primary element, digest, evaluate, examine, expendere, gauge, heed, in-
principle, prominence, purport, quintessence, relevance, spect, investigate, mark, meditate on, mull over, muse,
self-consequence, self-importance, seriousness, significa- notice, observe, pay attention to, ponder, pore over, probe,
tion, soul, substance, usefulness, vital part reckon, reflect upon, regard, respicere, ruminate, scrutinize,
study, take into account, think about, turn over in one’s
CONSEQUENTIAL (Deducible), adjective derivative, mind, weigh
following, inferential, resultant, sequential ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: adjudge, consider on its merits
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: consequential contempt, consequen-
tial damages CONSIDERABLE, adjective abundant, ample, cardinal,
commanding, compelling, consequential, dominant, esti-
CONSEQUENTIAL (Substantial), adjective authorita- mable, a good deal of, gravis, great, important, impressive,
tive, considerable, eminent, great, important, influential, influential, large, magnus, marked, material, momentous,
momentous, powerful, self-important, significant, weighty not to be overlooked, notable, noteworthy, of importance,
of note, overruling, plentiful, potent, powerful, predomi-
CONSEQUENTIALISM, noun an ethical theory, as- nant, puissant, reasonable, remarkable, respectable, signifi-
sessment based on the consequences of conduct, assess- cant, sizable, special, substantial, tolerable, valuable, wor-
ment based on the impact of conduct, assessment based thy of consideration
on the outcome or by-product of conduct, judgment ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: considerable damage, considerable
based on the outcome, judgment based on the results of provocation, considerable time
conduct
CONSIDERATE, adjective accommodating, affection-
CONSEQUENTLY, adverb accordingly, as a conse- ate, amiable, attentive, benevolent, caring, charitable, chiv-
quence, as a matter of course, as a result, as matters stand, alrous, compassionate, complaisant, concerned, cooperate,
as the case may be, because, by reason of, by the same cordial, decent, discreet, fair, favorable, friendly, generous,
sign, by the same token, ergo, finally, for reasons given, for humane, keen, kind, kindly, magnanimous, mindful, nice,
that cause, for that reason, for this reason, for which reason, obliging, patient, philanthropic, polite, responsive, sensi-
from that cause, hence, igitur, in accordance therefore, in tive, solicitous, supportive, sympathetic, tactful, tender,
conclusion, in that case, in that event, in which case, it fol- thoughtful, understanding, unselfish, warm-hearted
lows that, itaque, logically then, naturally, necessarily, of
course, of necessity, on account of this, on that account, on CONSIDERATION (Contemplation), noun advertency,
this account, such being the case, that being so, that being advisement, attention, attentiveness, cogitation, consider-
the case, therefore, thus, thusly, to that end, under the atio, examination, forethought, heed, judgment, medita-
circumstances, wherefore tion, pondering, premeditation, reckoning, reflection, re-
view, rumination, serious thought, speculation, study
CONSERVATION, noun economy, fostering, guarding, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: due consideration
harboring, keeping, maintaining, maintenance, nourishing,
nursing, preservation, preserving, protecting, protection, CONSIDERATION (Recompense), noun accommodation,
providing sanctuary, safeguarding, safekeeping, saving, benefits, bounty, compensation, defrayment, disbursement,

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emolument, fees, financial assistance, gratuity, guerdon, in- CONSIST, verb add up to, amount to, be composed of,
centive, indemnification, indemnity, inducement, largess, be comprised of, be contained in, be formed of, be made
payment, pecuniary aid, prize, reckoning, refund, reimburse- of, be made up of, comprise, consistere, constitute, contain,
ment, remittance, remuneration, reparation, repayment, re- cover, embody, encompass, enfold, entail, envelop, form,
quital, restitution, return, reward, satisfaction, settlement, so- has as a component, have as its foundation, hold, in es-
latium, something of value, stipend, subsidy, sum sence is, in nature is, in substance is, include, incorporate,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: adequate consideration, collateral involve, is composed of, is essentially, make up, occupy,
consideration, complete failure of consideration, consider- synthesize
ation for a contract, due consideration, failure of consider-
ation, fair and valuable consideration, fictitious consider- CONSISTENCY, noun abidingness, accuracy, adher-
ation, founded on a consideration, fraud in consideration, ence, allegiance, certainty, conformity, congruity, con-
full and adequate consideration, good and sufficient con- stancy, continuous, determination, devotion, doggedness,
sideration, illegal consideration, illusory consideration, im- eagerness, earnestness, evenness, harmony, invariability,
moral consideration, lack of consideration, legal consider- one and the same, orderliness, periodicity, precision, pre-
ation, meritorious consideration, moral consideration, dictability, proportion, punctuality, recurrence, regularity,
mutual consideration, new consideration, nominal consid- routine, same, smoothness, steadiness, symmetry, system-
eration, partial failure of consideration, past consideration, atically, uniformity
pecuniary consideration, present consideration, sufficiency
of consideration, valid consideration, want of consideration CONSISTENT, adjective accordant, agreeing, alike,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Ex turpi causa non oritur actio. No coherent, cohering, compatible, compliable, concordant,
cause of action arises out of an immoral or illegal consider- conformable, congruent with, congruous, consonant, con-
ation. In omnibus contractibus, sive nominatis sive in- stans, conveniens, correspondent, equable, equal, harmo-
nominatis, permutatio continetur. In all contracts, nious, logical, not contradictory, regular, self-consistent,
whether nominate or innominate, there is implied an ex- unchanging, undeviating, uniform
change. L’obligation sans cause, ou sur une fausse ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: consistent cases, consistent causes of
cause, ou sur cause illicite, ne peut avoir aucun effet. action, consistent construction of sales contracts, consistent
An obligation without consideration, or with a false one, or decisions, consistent defenses, consistent interpretation of
with an unlawful one, cannot have any effect. Nuda pactio the Constitution, consistent precedence, consistent with
obligationem non parit. A naked promise does not create the public interest
a binding obligation. Nudum pactum est ubi nulla subest
causa praeter conventionem; sed ubi subest causa, fit CONSOCIATE, noun abettor, accessory, accomplice,
obligatio, et parit actionem. A naked contract is where adherent, adjunct, adjutant, aide, ally, assistant, associate,
there is no consideration for the undertaking or agreement; attendant, auxiliary, coadjutor, cohelper, cohort, collabora-
but where there is a consideration, an obligation is created, tor, colleague, comate, companion, comrade, confederate,
and an action arises. Pacta quae turpem causam conti- confidant, confrere, consort, cooperator, copartner, co-
nent non sunt observanda. Agreements founded upon an worker, fellow companion, fellow conspirator, fellow
immoral consideration are not to be enforced. worker, follower, helper, helpmate, intimate, mate, partici-
pator, partner, retainer, side-partner
CONSIDERATION (Sympathetic regard), noun accom- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accomplice
modation, attentiveness, beneficence, benevolence, benig-
nity, care, chivalry, civility, clemency, compassion, complai- CONSOLIDATE (Strengthen), verb add to, amass, bind,
sance, concern, considerateness, cordiality, courteousness, blend, bring together, build up, coalesce, cohere, combine,
courtesy, courtliness, deference, delicacy, diplomacy, es- compact, compound, compress, concatenate, concentrate,
teem, estimation, friendliness, gallantry, generosity, genial- condense, congeal, conjoin, conjoint, connect, contract,
ity, gentleness, good manners, graciousness, helpfulness, crystallize, densify, fortify, fuse, harden, intensify, make
humanity, kindheartedness, kindliness, kindness, mercy, firm, make solid, mass, mix, put together, render solid,
neighborliness, obligingness, politeness, regard, respect, settle firmly, solidify, squeeze together, unify
solicitousness, solicitude, tact, tenderness, thought, thought-
ful regard, thoughtfulness, understanding, unselfishness, CONSOLIDATE (Unite), verb accumulate, affiliate,
willingness to please ally, amalgamate, amass, band, become one, bring to-
gether, centralize, coact, coadjuvate, coalesce, combine,
CONSIGN, verb abalienate, assign to, authorize, compound, compress, concentrate, concert, confederate,
charge, commit, commit to another’s trust, committere, congeal, conglomerate, conjoin, connect, cooperate, cou-
convey, deliver, deliver formally, deliver over, deposit with, ple, cowork, draw together, federate, fuse, gather to-
entrust, give in trust, hand over, have conveyed, send, ship, gether, incorporate, interblend, interfuse, intertwine, join,
transfer, transfer for sale, transmit, transplant, transport, turn join forces, join forces with, league, link, lump together,
over make one, meet, melt into one, merge, mix, mobilize,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bailment, conditional sale, consign- piece together, put together, roll into one, shade into,
ment contract of goods solidify, stay together, stick together, synthesize, unionize,
work together
CONSIGNMENT, noun allocation, allotment, appro- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: consolidate actions
priation, assignation, assignment, cession, concession,
consignation, conveyance, conveyancing, delivering to, CONSOLIDATION, noun affiliation, aggregation, amal-
dispatchment, distribution, expressage, goods shipped, gamation, assemblage, association, centralization, coaduna-
interchange, merchandise sent, sending, shipment, ship- tion, combination, compact, confederation, conjunction,
ping, transfer, transference, transferring, transmission conjuncture, consortium, federation, fusion, incorporation,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: consignment for sale, consignment integration, junction, league, merger, mixture, pool, solidifi-
shipper cation, strengthening, unification, union

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ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: consolidated laws, consolidated school coalition, colluding together, collusion, combination, com-
district, consolidation of actions, consolidation of stock bination of operations, combine to perform a crime, combine
to plan a crime, combine to plan an unlawful act, combine to
CONSONANCE, noun accord, accordance, agreement, plan secretly, combine together, combined operation, com-
assent, assonance, attunement, chorus, coherence, coincidence, bining, combining for a criminal purpose, compact, com-
compatibility, compliance, concert, conciliation, concord, con- pliance, complicity, composition, concert, confederacy,
cordance, concurrence, conformity, consensus, consistency, connivance, connive jointly, contrivance, contrive jointly,
continuity, correspondence, equability, harmony, homogeneity, cooperation with, corrupt agreement, countermine, coun-
persistence, rapport, unanimity, uniformity, union, unison, unity terplot, criminal arrangement, design jointly, devise jointly,
duplicitous agreement, in concert with, intrigue, in-
CONSONANT, adjective accordant, adapted, agree- triguery, join forces with, join together with, joint effort,
ing, alike, answerable, appropriate, apt, arranged, at one, joint planning, maneuvering, plan, plot, plot together,
attuned, balanced, becoming, coherent, coincident, com- proposal, scheme, scheme together, take part in a crime
mensurate, compatible, concerted, concordant, concurrent, together, take part with another in crime, treasonable alli-
conformable, conforming, congenial, congruens, congruent, ance, underplot, unlawful combination, unlawful contriv-
congruous, consentaneous, consentaneus, consentient, con- ance, unlawful plan, unlawful scheme
sequent, consistent, conveniens, cooperating, correspon- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: conspiracy charges, conspiracy in re-
dent, corresponding, equable, equal, fit, fitting, harmoni- straint of interstate trade, conspiracy in restraint of trade,
ous, in accord, in agreement, in concord, in harmony, in conspiracy to commit felony, conspiracy to defraud, con-
rapport, in unison, logically consistent, parallel, reconcilable, spiracy within the Scherman Antitrust Act, continuing con-
related, self-consistent, similar, suitable, synchronal, syn- spiracy, criminal conspiracy, entered into a conspiracy, fel-
chronized, unchangeable, unchanged, unchanging, undevi- ony murder, furtherance of the conspiracy, overt act
ating, undiscordant, unified, uniform, unisonant, unisonous
CONSPIRATOR, noun abettor, colluder, complotter,
CONSORT, noun accompanier, associate, colleague, confederate, coniuratus, conniver, deceiver, intrigant, in-
comate, comes, companion, compeer, comrade, confrère, triguer, machinator, plotter, schemer, spy, strategist
conjugal partner, copartner, escort, fellow, fellow compan-
ion, helpmate, husband, marital partner, maritus, marriage CONSPIRE, verb abet, act in combination, act in con-
partner, mate, partner, socius, spouse, wife cert, act in harmony, agree, aid, associate, be banded to-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: alienation of affections, criminal con- gether, be stealthy, cabal, calculate, coact, cohere, collude,
versation, loss of consortium combine, combine for some evil design, combine opera-
tions, concert, concoct a plot, concur, confederate, confed-
CONSORTIUM (Business cartel), noun association, erate for an unlawful purpose, coniurare, conjoin, connive,
business agreement, business combine, business entente, conspirare, contribute toward, contrive, cooperate, coun-
cartel, coalition, combination, combination of financial insti- termine, counterplot, cowork, design, devise, devise
tutions, confederacy, consolidation, league, merger, mo- treachery, form a coalition, form plots, frame, hatch a plot,
nopoly, partnership, pool, syndicate, trust, union hold together, intrigue, join, join forces, league together,
league with, machinate, make an agreement with, make
CONSORTIUM (Marriage companionship), noun ac- secret arrangements, maneuver, participate in an unlawful
commodation, affiliation, affinity, alliance, assistance, asso- scheme, plan, plan a crime, plan an unlawful act, plan se-
ciation, attachment, closeness, comfort, compact, compan- cretly, plan to commit a crime, plot, plot an action in ad-
ionship, compliance, comradeship, concordance, congruity, vance, plot craftily, plot together, scheme, take part in, take
congruousness, consociation, consortship, correspondence, part with, unify, unite
familiarity, friendship, help, intercommunion, intimacy, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: conspire to commit a crime, conspire
league, marriage accord, marriage compatibility, marriage to defraud the U.S. government
concord, partnership, reciprocal feeling, understanding
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: loss of consortium CONSPIRER, noun abettor, accessory, accessory after
the fact, accessory before the fact, accomplice, accomplice
CONSPICUOUS, adjective apparent, clarus, clear, in crime, adjutant, agent provocateur, aid, aider, aider and
clear-cut, conspicuus, definite, discernible, discoverable, abettor, assistant, associate, coactor, coadjutant, coadjutor,
distinct, distinguishable, distinguished, evident, exposed, cohelper, collaborationist, collaborator, colleague, colluder,
exposed to view, flagrant, in bold relief, in evidence, in plain confederate, consociate, conspirator, contriver, cooperator,
sight, in the foreground, in view, manifest, manifestus, counterpart, fellow conspirator, helper, helpmate, intrigant,
marked, notable, noticeable, notorious, observable, obvi- intriguer, partner, partner in crime, planner, plotter, pro-
ous, open, overt, patent, perceivable, perceptible, plain, moter, saboteur, schemer, strategist, subversive, traitor
pointed, preeminent, prominent, pronounced, public, rec- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accomplice
ognizable, remarkable, renowned, self-evident, spectacular,
standing out, striking, tending to attract attention, un- CONSTANCY, noun adherence, allegiance, applica-
blurred, unclouded, uncovered, undisguised, unhidden, tion, attachment, backbone, constance, continuity, deci-
unmistakable, visible, well-defined, well-marked, well-seen sion, determination, devotion, diligence, faithfulness,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: conspicuous places firmness, fortitude, grit, industry, loyalty, permanence,
perpetuity, perseverance, persistence, regularity, reliabil-
CONSPIRACY, noun abetment, abetting, acting in ity, resoluteness, resolution, steadfastness, steadiness,
combination, acting in concert, acting in harmony, agree- tenacity, uniformity
ing with another or others, agreement to accomplish an
unlawful end, agreement to commit a crime, aiding an- CONSTANT, adjective abiding, aeonian, certain, change-
other or others, an agreement with another or others, less, chronic, consistent, constans, continual, continually re-
associate with another, banded together, coalescence, curring, continuing, continuous, dependable, durable, endless,

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enduring, entrenched, eternal, faithful, firm, firmus, fixed, to govern, compilation of law, dictate, edict, enactment,
habitual, immortal, immutable, imperishable, inalterable, in- fundamental law, law, legal code, maxim, organic law,
cessant, inconvertible, indeciduous, indelible, indestructible, pandect, paramount law, precept, prescription, principles
indissoluble, inextinguishable, inflexible, invariable, invariant, of government, regulation, rubric, statute, supreme law,
inveterate, lasting, loyal, perdurable, perennial, permanent, written law
perpetual, regular, reliable, sempiternal, stabilis, stable, stead- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: action arising under constitution or
fast, steady, sure, sustained, unchanging, undeviating, undy- laws, amendment to the constitution, constitutional amend-
ing, unequivocal, uninterrupted, unrelenting, unshaken, un- ment, Constitutional Convention, constitutional court,
swerving, unvarying, unwavering constitutional officer, constitutional question, constitutional
right
CONSTANT, noun certainty, conformity, consistency,
constancy, constans, convention, firmness, firmus, fixation, CONSTRAIN (Compel), verb actuate, apply pressure,
form, immutability, inextricability, invariability, invariable, assert oneself, bring about by force, bring pressure to
invariant, inveteracy, maxim, pattern, permanence, pre- bear upon, burden, cause to, charge, coerce, command,
scribed form, procedure, prototype, regularity, reliability, command influence, compel, compellere, decree, de-
rule, sameness, stabilis, stability, standard, standard practice, mand, dominate, drive, enforce, enforce obedience,
standard procedure, staunchness, steadfastness, steadiness, exact, exert influence, force, goad, have influence, impel,
symmetry, unchangeableness, uniformity impose, impose a duty, induce, insist, insist on, issue a
command, leave no option, make necessary, move,
CONSTERNATION, noun affright, agitation, alarm, move to action, necessitate, obligate, oblige, order,
anxiety, anxious concern, anxiousness, apprehension, ap- press, pressure, prevail upon, prod, propel, push, put
prehensiveness, aversion, boding, despair, dismay, disquiet, pressure on, put under obligation, require, secure by
disquietude, disturbance, dread, fear, fearfulness, fright, hor- force, squeeze, subject, take no denial, tell, urge, urge
ror, inquietude, pavor, perturbation, sudden fear, trepidation forward, work upon

CONSTITUENCY, noun affiliates, associates, body of CONSTRAIN (Imprison), verb arrest, bind, bridle,
members, chapter, collective members, community, constitu- chain, circumscribe, commit, commit to an institution, com-
ents, delegation, district, division, electorate, electors, enroll- mit to prison, confine, confine forcibly, detain, enclose,
ment, faction, group, interest group, lobby, members, mem- enthrall, entomb, harness, hold, hold as hostage, hold back
bership, partisanship, party, polity, voters, voting district, by force, hold captive, hold in restraint, immure, impound,
voting list incarcerate, institutionalize, intern, isolate, jail, keep as cap-
tive, keep in custody, keep in detention, keep prisoner,
CONSTITUENT (Member), noun associate, colleague, limit, manacle, put in a cell, put under arrest, put under
constituency, fellow resident, resident, resident of the same restraint, restrain, restrict, send to prison, shackle, take cap-
district, resident voter, voter tive, take into custody, trammel

CONSTITUENT (Part), noun balloter, component, com- CONSTRAIN (Restrain), verb ban, bar, block, bridle,
ponent part, division, element, elementum, factor, feature, censor, chain, check, control, curb, debar, deny, disallow,
fraction, fragment, included, ingredient, installment, integral forbid, hamper, harness, hinder, hold back, hold back by
part, integrant, integrant part, one of, pars, part, part and force, hold down, hold in, hold in check, impede, impose
parcel, particle, piece, section, sector, segment, subdivision restrictions, inhibit, keep back, keep in check, lay under
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: constituent elements, constituent restraint, limit, obstruct, oppress, preclude, prevent, pro-
members, constituent parts hibit, proscribe, put a stop to, put under restraint, refuse,
refuse to grant, repress, restrain, restrict, restrict access,
CONSTITUTE (Compose), verb be a feature, be inher- subdue, subjugate, suppress, withhold
ent, be part of, belong, belong intrinsically, classify as,
componere, comprise, consist of, contain, create, efficere, CONSTRAINT (Imprisonment), noun act of keeping in,
embody, embrace, encompass, form, include, incorporate, apprehension, arrest, bondage, bonds, bounds, captivity,
inhere in, involve, make up, produce, put together care, charge, commitment, confinement, containment,
control, custodianship, custody, detainment, detention,
CONSTITUTE (Establish), verb bring about, bring about by encincture, enclosure, enthrallment, fetter, immuration, im-
legislation, charter, codify, commission, create, create by law, murement, impoundment, incarceration, internment, keep-
declare lawful, decree, designare, determine, develop, devise, ing, legal restraint, preventive custody, preventive deten-
effect, effect by legislation, effectuate, empower, enact, en- tion, prison, prohibition, protective custody, quarantine,
dorse, engender, formulate, formulate by law, give legal form remand, restriction
to, inaugurate, install, institute, invest, legalize, legislate, legiti-
mate, legitimatize, legitimize, license, make legal, ordain, or- CONSTRAINT (Restriction), noun act of forestalling,
ganize, originate, pass, prescribe, prescribe by law, put in act of hampering, act of quelling, act of stifling, act of stran-
force, sanction, set up, statuere, validate gling, act of thwarting, astriction, bar, circumscription, co-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: constitute a cause of action, consti- ercion, compulsion, constriction, curb, deprivation, detain-
tute a crime, constitute a fraud, constitute an obstruction ment, determent, disallowance, disapprobation, duress,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Eodem modo quo quid constituitur, dissol- encumbrance, enthrallment, fetter, forbiddance, force, hin-
vitur. A thing is discharged in the same way in which it was drance, impediment, inhibition, interdict, interdiction, limi-
created. tation, muzzle, obstruction, obstructionism, preclusion,
pressure, prevention, prohibition, proscription, rein, re-
CONSTITUTION, noun act, body of law, body of rules pression, restraint, restrictive practice, strangulation, stulti-
of government, canon, charter, civil law, civitatis, code of fication, suppression, temperance, trammel
laws, codification, codified law, collection of laws, compact ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: estoppel

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CONSTRICT (Compress), verb abbreviate, abridge, All definition in law is dangerous. Omnis interpretatio si
astringe, bind, capsulize, cause to contract, clench, co- fieri potest ita fienda est in instrumentis, ut omnes
arct, compact, concentrate, condense, consolidate, con- contrarietates amoveantur. Every interpretation of instru-
stringe, contract, cram, cramp, crowd, crush, draw to- ments is to be made, if they will admit of it, so that all
gether, make brief, make dense, make smaller, narrow, contradictions may be removed. In ambiguo sermone
pack tightly, pinch, press, press together, ram, reduce, non utrumque dicimus sed id duntaxat quod volumus.
reduce volume, restrict in area, shorten, shrink, squeeze, In ambiguous discourse, we do not use language in a
telescope, tighten double sense, but in the sense in which we mean it.
Benedicta est expositio quando res redimitur a destruc-
CONSTRICT (Inhibit), verb arrest, astrict, barricade, be tione. Blessed is the exposition when a thing is saved from
an impediment, be an obstacle, block, check, choke, close, destruction. Benignior sententia in verbis generalibus
constrain, control, curb, dam, delay, detain, deter, estop, seu dubiis, est praeferenda. The more favorable construc-
fetter, foil, frustrate, halt, hamper, handicap, hinder, hold tion is to be placed on general or doubtful expressions.
back, impede, interfere, keep, keep back, limit, obstruct, Benignius leges interpretandae sunt quo voluntas
occlude, rein in, repress, restrain, restrict, retard, set back, earum conservetur. Laws are to be liberally construed in
set limitations, set limits, slow, stall, staunch, stay, stem, order that their intent may be preserved. Lex non exacte
stifle, stop, strangulate, stymie, suppress, thwart, tie up, definit, sed arbitrio boni viri permittit. The law does not
withhold define exactly, but trusts to the judgment of a good man.
Lex posterior derogat priori. A later statute takes away
CONSTRUCTION, noun clarification, comment, com- the effect of a prior one. Magis de bono quam de malo
mentary, configuration, conformation, constitution, con- lex intendit. The law favors a good rather than a bad inter-
struability, construal, deduction, definability, definition, pretation. Maledicta est expositio quae corrumpit tex-
delineation, description, diagnosis, exegesis, exemplifica- tum. It is a cursed construction which corrupts the text.
tion, explanation, explicability, explication, exposition, ex- Mandata licita strictam recipiunt interpretationem,
pounding, form, formulation, frame, framework, illumina- sed illicita latam et extensam. Lawful commands receive
tion, inference, interpretability, interpretatio, interpretation, a strict interpretation, but unlawful commands a broad and
meaning, rationale, sense, significance, structure, sub- extended one. Neque leges neque senatus consulta ita
stance, translation, understanding, version scribi possunt ut omnis casus qui quandoque in sediri-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: construction of a contract, construc- unt comprehendatur; sed sufficit ea quae plaerumque
tion of a statute, construction of a writing, construction of accidunt contineri. Neither laws nor acts of a legislature
will, contemporaneous construction, liberal construction, can be so written as to include all actual or possible cases;
rule of construction, statutory construction, strict con- it is sufficient if they provide for those things which fre-
struction quently or ordinarily may happen. In stipulationibus cum
FOREIGN PHRASES: Contemporanea expositio est optima et quaeritur quid actum sit verba contra stipulatorem in-
fortissima in lege. Contemporaneous exposition is the terpretanda sunt. In the construction of agreements
best and most powerful in the law. Quum in testamento words are interpreted against the person offering them.
ambigue aut etiam perperam scriptum est, benigne in- Omne majus minus in se complectitur. Every greater
terpretari et secundum id quod credible et cogitatum, thing embraces within itself the less. Partem aliquam
credendum est. When an ambiguous or even an erroneous recte intelligere nemo potest, antequam totum, iterum
expression occurs in a will, it should be construed liberally atque iterum, perlegerit. No one can rightly understand
and in accordance with what is thought the probable mean- any part until he has read the whole over again. Quamvis
ing of the testator. Copulatio verborum indicat accepta- lex generaliter loquitur, restringenda tamen est, ut,
tionem in eodem sensu. The coupling of words indicates cessante ratione, ipsa cessat. Although a law speaks
that they are to be taken in the same sense. Cum duo inter generally, yet it is to be restrained, so that when its reason
se pugnantia reperiuntur in testamento, ultimum fails, it should cease also. Quotiens idem sermo duas
ratum est. When two repugnant matters are found in a sententias exprimit, ea potissimum accipiatur, quae rei
will, the last will be confirmed. Curiosa et captiosa inter- gerendae aptior est. Whenever the same words express
pretatio in lege reprobatur. A curious and captious inter- two meanings, that is to be adopted which is the better
pretation is disapproved. Verbis standum ubi nulla ambi- fitted for carrying out the proposed end. In ambiguis ora-
guitas. Where there is no ambiguity, one must abide by tionibus maxime sententia spectanda est ejus qui eas
the words. Designatio unius est exclusio alterius, et protulisset. In ambiguous expressions, the intent of the
expressum facit cessare tacitum. The designation of one person using them is particularly to be regarded. Statutum
is the exclusion of the other, and that which is expressed generaliter est intelligendum quando verba statuti sunt
prevails over that which is implied. In ambigua voce legis specialia, ratio autem generalis. When the words of a
ea potius accipienda est significatio quae vitio caret, statute are special but the reason general, the statute is to
praesertim cum etiam voluntas legis ex hoc colligi pos- be understood generally. Tortura legum pessima. The
sit. In an ambiguous expression of law, that interpretation torture or wresting of laws is the worst. Verba accipienda
is to be preferred which is consonant with equity, especially sunt secundum subjectam materiam. Words are to be
where it is in conformity with the purpose of the law. Non understood with reference to the subject-matter. Verba
aliter a significatione verborum recedi oportet quam chartarum fortius accipiuntur contra proferentem. The
cum manifestum est, aliud sensisse testatorem. The words of a grant are to be taken most strongly against the
ordinary meaning of the words ought not to be departed person offering them. Verba generalia generaliter sunt
from unless it is evident that the testator intended other- intelligenda. General words are to be understood gener-
wise. Non est novum ut priores leges ad posteriores ally. Verbis standum ubi nulla ambiguitas. Where there
trahantur. It is not novel that prior statutes should give is no ambiguity, the words are adhered to. Semper sexus
place to later ones. Non in legendo sed in intelligendo masculinus etiam femininum sexum continet. The mas-
legis consistunt. The laws consist not in being read, but in culine sex of gender always includes the feminine also.
being understood. Omnis definitio in lege periculosa. Semper specialia generalibus insunt. Special expressions

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are always included in general ones. Si nulla sit conjec- leges legibus, est optimus interpretandi modus. To in-
tura quae ducat alio, verba intelligenda sunt ex propri- terpret and harmonize laws with laws is the best mode of
etate, non grammatica sed populari ex usu. If there be interpretation. Interpretatio talis in ambiguis semper
no inference which leads to a different conclusion, words fienda est ut evitetur inconveniens et absurdum. In am-
are to be understood according to their proper meaning, biguous things, such a construction should be always made
not according to a grammatical usage but to a popular and that the inconvenient and absurd may be avoided. Legis
ordinary one. Statuta pro publico commodo late inter- constructio non facit injuriam. The construction of law
pretantur. Statutes enacted for the public good ought to does no wrong. Generalis clausula non porrigitur ad ea
be liberally construed. Quando charta continet generalem quaeantea specialiter sunt comprehensa. A general
clausulam, posteaque descendit ad verba specialia clause is not extended to include those things that have
quae clausulae generali sunt consentanea, interpre- been previously provided for specially. Leges posteriores
tanda est charta secundum verba specialia. When a priores contrarias abrogant. Subsequent laws repeal
deed contains a general clause, and afterwards descends to prior laws that are repugnant to them. Id quod est magis
special words which are consistent with the general clause, remotum, non trahit ad se quod est magis junctum, sed
the deed is to be interpreted according to the special e contrario in omni casu. That which is more remote does
words. Quando lex est specialis, ratio autem generalis, not draw to itself that which is nearer, but the contrary in
generaliter lex est intelligenda. When the law is special, every case. In ambigua voce legis ea potius accipienda
but its reason is general, the law is to be understood gener- est significatio quae vitio caret, praesertim cum etiam
ally. Quando licet id quod majus videtur et licere id voluntas legis ex hoc colligi possit. In an ambiguous ex-
quod minus. When the greater is allowed, the less is to be pression of law, that signification is to be preferred which is
deemed to be allowed also. Quod in minori valet valebit consonant with equity, especially when the spirit of the law
in majori; et quod in majori non valet nec valebit in can be collected from that. In obscuris, inspici solere
minori. That which is valid in the greater shall be valid in quod verisimiltus est, aut quod plerumque fieri solet. In
the less; and that which is not valid in the greater shall not obscure cases, we usually regard what is most probable or
be valid in the less. Quum in testamento ambigue aut what is done. In obscuris, quod minimum est sequimur.
etiam perperam scriptum est, benigne interpretari et In obscure or doubtful cases, we follow that which is the
secundum id quod credible et cogitatum, credendum least. In poenalibus causis benignius interpretandum
est. Where an ambiguous or even an erroneous expression est. In penal causes or cases, the more liberal interpretation
occurs in a will, it should be construed liberally and in ac- should be adopted. In re dubia, benigniorem interpreta-
cordance with what is thought the probable meaning of the tionem sequi, non minus justius est quam tutius. In a
testator. Semper in dubiis benigniora praeferenda sunt. doubtful matter, to follow the more liberal interpretation is
In doubtful cases, the more liberal constructions are always no the more just than it is the more safe. Generale tantum
to be preferred. Transgressione multiplicata, crescat valet in generalibus, quantum singulare in singulis.
poenae inflictio. Upon the multiplication of the transgres- That which is general prevails in general matters, as that
sion, let the infliction of punishment increase. Ex tota ma- which is particular prevails in particular matters. In am-
teria emergat resolutio. The construction should arise out biguo sermone non utrumque dicimus sed id duntaxat
of the whole subject matter. Expressio unius est exclusio quod volumus. In ambiguous language, we do not use it
alterius. The expression of one thing is the exclusion of in a double sense, but in the sense in which we mean it.
another. Generale dictum generaliter est interpretan- Generalia specialibus non derogant. General words do
dum. A general expression is to be construed generally. not derogate from special. Generalia sunt praeponenda
Generale nihil certum implicat. A general expression singularibus. General things are to be put before particular
implies nothing certain. In dubio haec legis constructio things. Generalia verba sunt generaliter intelligenda.
quam verba ostendunt. In a doubtful case, that construc- General words are to be understood generally in a general
tion which the words indicate should be adopted. In expo- sense. Generalibus specialia derogant. Special words
sitione instrumentorum, mala grammatica, quod fieri derogate from the meaning of general ones. Verba poste-
potest, vitanda est. In the drafting of instruments, bad riora propter certitudinem addita, ad priora quae certi-
grammar is to be avoided as much as possible. In his enim tudine indigent, sunt referenda. Subsequent words,
quae sunt favorabilia animae, quamvis sunt damnosa added for the purpose of certainty, are to be referred to the
rebus, fiat aliquando extentio statuti. In matters that are preceding words which are need of certainty. Verbis stan-
favorable to the spirit, though injurious to property, an ex- dum ubi nulla ambiguitas. One must abide by the words
tension of the statute should sometimes be made. In rebus where there is no ambiguity. Generalia praecedunt, spe-
quae sunt favorabilia animae, quamvis sunt damnosa cialia sequuntur. Things general precede, things special
rebus, fiat aliquando extensio statuti. In matters that are follow. In ambiguis orationibus maxime sententia spec-
favorable to the spirit, though injurious to things, an exten- tanda est ejus qui eas protulisset. When there are am-
sion of a statute should sometimes be made. In stipula- biguous expressions, the intentions of the person who uses
tionibus cum quaeritur quid actum sit verba contra them is chiefly to be regarded. A verbis legis non est re-
stipulatorem interpretanda sunt. In the construction of cendendum. From the words of a statute, there must be no
agreements, terms are interpreted against the person using departure. Aliud est distinctio, aliud separatio.
them. In verbis non verba, sed res et ratio, quaerenda Distinction is one thing; separation is another.
est. In the construction of words, not the mere words, but
the thing and the meaning, are to be inquired into. CONSTRUCTIVE (Creative), adjective advantageous,
Injustum est, nisi tota lege inspecta, de una aliqua ejus applicable, causative, contributive, convenient, coopera-
particula proposita judicare vel respondere. It is unjust tive, desirable, developmental, effective, effectual, effi-
to give judgment or advice concerning any particular clause cient, fabricative, favorable, formative, generative, helpful,
of a law without having examined the whole law. important, improving, instrumental, invaluable, operative,
Interpretatio fienda est ut res magis valeat quam originative, practical, productive, profitable, resultant,
pereat. Construction should be such that the transaction serviceable, significant, stimulating, suitable, usable, useful,
may be effective rather than fall. Interpretare et concordare valuable, worthy, yielding

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CONSTRUCTIVE (Inferential), adjective apparent, as- spend, squander, swallow, use up, utilize, waste, wear away,
sumable, conceivable, connoted, constructional, implica- wear out
tive, implicatory, implicit, implied, implied in law, in effect,
in essence, in practice, indicated, indirect, indirectly meant, CONSUMER, noun buyer, buyer of labor, client, clien-
inferable, inferred, inferred in law, insinuated, involved, tele, coemptor, customer, emptor, leaser, lessee, obtainer,
parallel, potential, pragmatic, presumable, presumed, patron, procurer, purchaser, purchaser of goods, shopper,
probable, seeming, suggested, supposable, tacit, tacitly transferee, vendee
assumed, tantamount to, understood, virtual ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: consumer action, consumer credit,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: constructive contempt, constructive consumer fraud, consumers sales tax, ultimate consumer
contract, constructive control, constructive conversion, con-
structive delivery, constructive desertion, constructive es- CONSUMMATE, verb accomplish, achieve, actualize,
cape, constructive eviction, constructive force, constructive attain, attain the goal, bring to a close, bring to effect, carry
fraud, constructive gift, constructive intent, constructive into effect, carry out, carry through, carry to completion,
knowledge, constructive malice, constructive mortgage, complete, conclude, conficere, consummare, do thor-
constructive notice, constructive possession, constructive oughly, effect, effectuate, end, execute, finalize, finish,
receipt, constructive total loss, constructive trespass, con- follow through, fulfill, implement, leave nothing to be de-
structive trust, constructively present sired, perfect, perficere, prosecute to a conclusion, reach
the goal, realize, render complete, terminate, to bring to
CONSTRUCTIVE NOTICE, noun assumption of knowl- completion
edge, constructive knowledge, legal notice, legally suffi- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: consummate dower, consummation of a
cient notice, sufficient notice to a party, the legal equivalent marriage, consummation of an agreement, constructive service
of actual notice, to put on notice FOREIGN PHRASES: Omne testamentum morte consumma-
tum est. Every will is consummated by death.
CONSTRUE (Comprehend), verb accipere, analyze, ap-
prehend, ascertain the meaning of, assimilate, be aware of, CONSUMPTION, noun confectio, consumptio, decay,
be given to understand, cognize, conceive of, conclude, decomposition, decrement, depletion, desolation, destruc-
conclude from evidence, consignify, decipher, decode, tion, devastation, diminishment, diminution, dissipation,
deduce, deduce by interpretation, deduce the meaning of, exhaustion, expenditure, loss, ravage, ruin, ruination, squan-
deduct, derive by reasoning, determine, determine exactly, dering, usage, use, using up, utilization, wastage, waste,
discern, disentangle, divine, draw an inference, draw as an wastefulness, wear, withering
implication, explain, fathom, figure out, find out the mean- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: business consumption, consumption
ing of, form an opinion, gather, glean, grasp mentally, grow in interstate commerce, consumption of goods, consump-
aware, infer, interpret, judge, ken, make deductions, mas- tion of intoxicating liquors, for use and consumption
ter, opine, perceive, ratiocinate, realize, reason, represent,
see through, seize, show the meaning of, solve, take one’s CONTACT (Association), noun accord, acquaintance-
meaning, understand, understand by, understand the ship, affiliation, alliance, bond, camaraderie, close union,
meaning of cooperation, coalition, combination, commerce, communi-
cation, community, companionship, conjunction, connec-
CONSTRUE (Translate), verb analyze, assign a mean- tion, consanguinity, consociation, consortium, cooperation,
ing to, characterize, characterize precisely, clarify, clear dealings, exchange, federation, fellowship, interchange,
up, connote, convey, decipher, decode, define, delineate, intercommunication, intercommunion, intercourse, interre-
demonstrate, denote, depict, describe, disclose, eluci- lation, intimacy, kinship, liaison, link, linkage, mutual inter-
date, enlighten, enunciate, explain, explicate, exposit, course, participation, rapport, relation, relationship, tie,
expound, express, give explanation to, give sense to, il- transmission, union
luminate, illustrate, indicate, inform, interpret, interpre- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: contacts theory in conflicts of law,
tari, literalize, make intelligible, of, outline, paraphrase, grouping of contacts
put a meaning on, put an interpretation, put in other
words, render, render intelligible, rephrase, restate, re- CONTACT (Touching), noun abutment, abuttal, adhe-
translate, reveal, reword, signify, transfuse the sense, sion, adjacency, coherence, contactus, connection, connec-
unfold, unravel tive, contiguity, contiguousness, contingence, convergence,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: construe the law impact, joining, junction, junction of bodies, juncture, juxta-
position, meeting, nexus, taction, tangency, union
CONSULT (Ask advice of), verb advise with, ask, ask
advice, ask an opinion, ask for recommendations, ask for CONTACT (Communicate), verb call, consociate, con-
suggestions, call in, confer, consultare, deliberate, discuss, tactus, correspond, establish connection, get through to,
exchange observations, interchange views, parley, ques- get to, have an exchange, have dealings with, inform, in-
tion, seek counsel, seek guidance, seek the opinion of, take terchange, intercommunicate, make connection, meet
counsel, talk over, turn to, ventilate with, notify, reach, relate, serve notice, signal
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: consult with counsel
CONTACT (Touch), verb abut, adjoin, annex, attach, be
CONSULT (Seek information from), verb check a refer- contiguous, border, border on, bridge, butt against, cohere,
ence, check a source, examine a source, inquire of, look up collide with, come together, conjoin, connect, converge,
information in, refer to, refer to for information, search for embrace, encounter, establish connection, graze, hit, im-
an answer, seek facts from pinge, inosculate, interconnect, join, lie adjacent to, link,
meet, osculate, overlap, reach, rub, strike, unite, verge upon
CONSUME, verb absumere, annihilate, burn up, con-
sumere, demolish, destroy, devour, disappear, drain, dwin- CONTAGIOUS, adjective catching, communicable,
dle, eat, empty, eradicate, evaporate, exhaust, expend, contaminating, conveyable, epidemic, impartible,

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infectious, infective, pathogenic, pestiferous, spreading, pensiveness, plan, pondering, preoccupation, prospect,
transferable, transmissible, transmissive purpose, ratiocination, reasoning, reflection, resolve, rev-
erie, review, rumination, scrutiny, seriousness, speculation,
CONTAIN (Comprise), verb be composed of, be com- study, surveillance, thought, thoughtfulness, weighing
pounded of, be constituted of, be formed of, capere, com- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: contemplation of assignment, con-
prehendere, consist of, embody, embrace, enfold, envelop, templation of bankruptcy, contemplation of insolvency,
hold, include, incorporate, number, reckon among, subsist of contemplation of marriage, contemplation of parties, in
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: containing facts sufficient to consti- contemplation of death
tute a cause of action
CONTEMPORANEOUS, adjective coeval, coexistent,
CONTAIN (Enclose), verb beleaguer, belt, bind, block- coexisting, coincident, coinciding, coinstantaneous, con-
ade, border, close in, confine, continere, embox, embrace, comitant, concurrent, concurring, contemporary, correspon-
encapsulate, encase, encincture, encircle, enclasp, encom- dent, corresponding, quod eodem tempore est, simultaneous,
pass, engird, ensphere, envelop, enwrap, fence in, frame, synchronal, synchronistic, synchronous
immure, incase, inclose, infold, keep in, quarantine, seal ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: contemporaneous agreement, con-
up, shut in, surround temporaneous declaration, contemporaneous exposition,
contemporaneous forgeries, contemporaneous memoran-
CONTAIN (Restrain), verb arrest, barricade, bind, block, dum, contemporaneous transaction
bridle, cage, chain, check, commit to prison, confine, con-
strain, control, curb, detain, enchain, encumber, enjoin from, CONTEMPORARY, adjective coexistent, latest, mod-
fetter, forfend, hinder, hold back, hold in check, hold in cus- ern, new, present day, up-to-date, up-to-the-minute
tody, impede, impound, imprison, incarcerate, inhibit, jail,
keep in captivity, keep in check, keep prisoner, keep under CONTEMPT (Disdain), noun abhorrence, abomina-
arrest, keep under control, lock up, manacle, obstruct, pin- tion, animosity, arrogance, aspersion, aversion, condem-
ion, place in durance, prohibit, quash, quell, repress, re- nation, contemptuousness, contemptus, contumely, de-
strict, shackle, stave off, stop, subdue, suppress, thwart, basement, defilement, denigration, denunciation,
trammel, ward off deprecation, depreciation, derision, derogation, detesta-
tion, detraction, disapprobation, disapproval, disdainful-
CONTAMINATE, noun abomination, adulteration, be- ness, disesteem, disfavor, disgust, dislike, disparagement,
foulment, contagion, defilement, infection, poisoning, pol- dispraise, disregard, disrepute, disvaluation, fastidium,
lution, taint, vitiation imprecation, incivility, indignant aversion, infamy, inso-
lence, malediction, misprision, objurgation, obloquy,
CONTAMINATE, verb adulterate, befoul, corrupt, de- odium, opposure, opprobrium, rebuff, reproach, reproba-
base, defile, degenerate, degrade, denaturalize, desecrate, tion, reproof, reproval, repugnance, revilement, revulsion,
disease, impair, infect, mar, poison, pollute, profane, sully, ridicule, scorn, scurrility
tamper with, taint, tarnish, vitiate FOREIGN PHRASES: Qui contemnit praeceptum contemnit
praecipientem. He who contemns a precept contemns the
CONTAMINATION, noun adulteration, corruption, party who gives it.
debauchment, decay, defilement, degradation, despoil-
ment, impureness, impurity, infection, pollution, vitiation CONTEMPT (Disobedience to the court), noun audacity,
contemptuous resistance, contumaciousness, contumacy,
CONTEMN, verb abhor, abominate, accuse, asperse, contumely, defiance of orders, deprecation, dereliction,
be contemptuous of, belittle, besmirch, calumniate, cast disaffection, disobedience, disposition to resist, disregard of
aspersions, censure, criticize, debase, debauch, decry, orders, disrespect, disrespectfulness, dissension, encroach-
defile, denigrate, denounce, depreciate, deride, derogate, ment, fractiousness, impertinence, improbity, impudence,
desecrate, despise, detest, disapprove, discredit, disdain, indiscipline, indocility, infringement, inobservance, inso-
disesteem, dishonor, disparage, disprize, disrate, disre- lence, insubmission, insubordination, intractableness, irrev-
gard, disrespect, execrate, expose, exprobate, feel con- erence, nonadherence, noncompliance, noncooperation,
tempt for, flout, hold in contempt, hold in despite, inveigh nonobservance, obstinacy, obstructionism, perverseness,
against, loathe, malign, misprize, not respect, objurgate, recalcitrance, recusancy, refractoriness, refusal to obey or-
oppress, overlook, rebuff, reject, reproach, repudiate, re- ders, reproach, repudiation, repulsion, resistance, resistance
pulse, resent, revile, ridicule, scandalize, scoff at, scorn, to authority, restiveness, rudeness, undutifulness, unobserv-
slight, slur, smear, spurn, taint, vilify, vilipend, vituperate ance, unruliness, unsubmissiveness, unwillingness, violation
of orders, willful disregard
CONTEMPLATE, verb analyze, anticipate, brood, cal- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: aggravated contempt, civil con-
culate, cogitate, consider, deliberate, discern, dwell upon, tempt, common-law contempt, constructive contempt,
entertain, envisage, examine, fixate, fret, meditate, mull contempt of court, continuing contempt, criminal con-
over, muse, obsess, opine, perpend, pontificate, pore over, tempt, evasive contempt, judicial contempt, obstruction of
question, reason, reflect, review, revolve, ruminate, scruti- justice, summary contempt
nize, speculate, think over, turn, weigh, wrestle
CONTEMPTIBLE, adjective abhorrent, abiectus, ab-
CONTEMPLATION, noun absorption, aim, attention, ject, abominable, atrocious, base, blameworthy, censur-
brooding, calculation, cerebration, cogitation, concentra- able, condemnable, condemnatory, contemned, contem-
tion, consideration, contemplatio, deliberateness, delibera- nendus, contemptus, contumelious, corrupt, culpable,
tion, design, determination, engrossment, envisagement, damnable, deplorable, depraved, despicable, despised,
envisionment, examination, excogitation, expectance, ex- detestable, discreditable, disgraceful, disgusting, dishonor-
pectation, forethought, goal, inspection, intellectualization, able, disreputable, egregious, evil, execrable, foul, fulsome,
intent, intention, introspection, musing, observance, hateful, heinous, horrendous, horrible, ignominious,

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infamous, inglorious, insidious, insufferable, loathsome, matter, substance, substantial meaning, sum, sum and sub-
nefarious, noxious, objurgatory, odious, offensive, oppro- stance, tenor, text, theme
brious, perfidious, repellent, reprehensible, reproachful, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: content contained in an instrument,
reprobative, repugnant, repulsive, shameful, shameless, content of a contract, content of a note
unworthy, vile, villainous, wicked, worthless
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: contemptible criminal act CONTENT (Structure), noun anatomy, arrangement of
parts, body, combination, complement, composite, composi-
CONTEMPTUOUS, adjective abasing, abject, abomi- tion, configuration, conformation, constitution, construction,
nable, abusive, accusatory, arbitrary, arrogant, base, brazen, contexture, core, design, form, format, formation, frame-
bumptious, calumniating, calumniatory, calumnious, chal- work, interrelation, makeup, nature, organization, pattern,
lenging, compromising, contemptible, contumelious, dam- plan, setup, style of arrangement
aging, decrying, defamatory, defiant, defying, denigratory,
denunciatory, depreciating, depreciative, derisive, deri- CONTENTION (Argument), noun allegation, area of
sory, derogative, derogatory, detestable, detracting, disap- disagreement, argumentation, cause, conflict, contest,
proving, discourteous, disdainful, dishonorable, dishonor- controversy, debate, discord, disputatio, disputation, dis-
ing, dislikable, disparaging, disregardful, disrespectful, pute, disputed point, ground, issue, legal dispute, legal
execrable, expressing disdain, flouting, forward, harsh, issue, plea, point, polemic, proposition, reason, root of
hateful, ignominious, impertinent, impudent, indignant, dissension
infamous, injuring, injurious, insinuating, insolent, insulting,
irreverent, libelous, maledicent, malevolent, malicious, CONTENTION (Opposition), noun antagonism, chal-
malignant, maligning, manifesting contempt, nefarious, lenge, clashing, combat, competition, competitiveness, con-
objectionable, obnoxious, obtrusive, offensive, opprobri- flict, contentiousness, contest, contestation, contrariety, con-
ous, repellent, reproachful, reproaching, repugnant, repul- travention, controversy, counteraction, cross purposes,
sive, reviling, rude, scandalous, scornful, slighting, spiteful, debate, difference, disaccord, disagreement, discord, dishar-
uncivil, vile, vituperative mony, disputation, dispute, dissension, dissent, dissidence,
dissonance, divergence, enmity, faction, factiousness, feud,
CONTEND (Dispute), verb altercate, argue, battle, be fight, friction, hostility, inimicality, irreconcilability, protest,
discordant, bicker, brawl, carry on an argument, challenge, protestation, quarrel, quarreling, quarrelsomeness, recrimina-
clash, combat, compete, conflict, contendere, contest, contra- tion, resistance, rivalry, schism, strife, struggle, unappeasabil-
dict, decernere, differ, disaccord, disagree, discept, discord, ity, velitation, wrangling
dissent, encounter, engage, fight, gainsay, have an alterca-
tion, have words with, impugn, litigate, make an issue, op- CONTENTIOUS, adjective aggressive, argumentative,
pose, pugnare, quarrel, reluct, rival, skirmish, spar, spat, bellicose, belligerent, cantankerous, captious, caviling,
squabble, strike at, strive, struggle, take on, vie with, war, combative, competitive, contrary, contumacious, cross,
wrangle discordant, disputatious, dissentious, factious, inimical,
irascible, litigious, militant, noncooperating, nonpacific,
CONTEND (Maintain), verb adfirmare, advance, af- obstinate, perverse, polemical, pugnacious, pugnax, quar-
firm, argue, assert, asseverate, assure, attest, aver, avow, relsome, recalcitrant, schismatic, stubborn, uncooperative,
claim, claim to know, confirmare, contendere, declare, em- unfriendly, unpacific, unpeaceful, wrangling
phasize, express, hold, hold the opinion, insist, make a
statement, make an assertion, predicate, profess, say, set CONTENTS, noun components, constituents, details,
forth, state, state emphatically, stress, utter with conviction, drift, essence, gist, items, meaning, parts, pith, scope,
vouch, warrant sense, subject, subject matter, subject of thought, sub-
stance, text, themes, thesis, topics
CONTENDER, noun adversary, adverse party, antago- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: contents of a chose in action, con-
nist, appellant, applicant, arguer, aspirant, campaigner, tents of a note
candidate, challenger, charger, claimant, combatant, com-
petitor, complainant, contestant, contester, controversialist, CONTEST (Competition), noun bout, certamen, certa-
corrival, debater, denouncer, disputant, entrant, examinee, tio, challenge, clash, corrivalry, emulation, encounter, en-
feuder, fighter, foe, libelant, litigant, litigator, nominee, of- gagement, game, match, opposition, pitting of strengths,
fice-seeker, opponent, opposer, opposition, oppositionist, race, rivalry, rivalship, sport, sporting event, struggle, test
party, party to a suit, petitioner, polemist, pugilist, respon- of endurance, tournament, tourney, trial
dent, rival, striver, suitor, the prosecution ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: election contest

CONTENT (Meaning), noun accepted meaning, aim, CONTEST (Dispute), noun action, altercation, antag-
basis, bearing, cardinal point, chief constituent, chief part, onism, argument, battle, bickering, brawl, challenge,
denotation, design, drift, emphasis, essence, essential mat- clash, combat, contention, controversion, controversy,
ter, essential meaning, essential part, exegesis, explana- debate, difference of opinion, disaccord, disagreement,
tion, explication, exposition, force, general meaning, gist, disceptation, discord, disharmony, disputation, dispute,
gravamen, impact, implication, import, intent, intention, dissension, dissent, dissonance, embroilment, encounter,
interpretation, literal interpretation, literal meaning, literal failure to agree, feud, fight, fracas, fray, impugnation,
sense, literality, main point, matter, matter of cognition, impugnment, inharmony, litigation, monomachy, non-
meaningfulness, motif, nature, object, obvious interpreta- comformity, obstinacy, opposition, oppugnancy, polem-
tion, obvious meaning, obvious sense, plain meaning, ics, quarrel, recalcitrance, recusancy, resistance, revolt,
point, prima facie, primary element, primary meaning, skirmish, squabble, strained relations, strife, variance,
purport, purpose, quiddity, quintessence, salient point, verbal contention, verbal engagement, war, war of words,
scope, sense, sensus, sententia, significance, significant wrangle
part, signification, significatio, spirit, subject, subject ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: notice of contest, will contest

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CONTEST, verb altercate, argue, battle, call to answer, of uncertainty, incident to, possible, provisional, resulting
challenge, combat, conflict, contend, contendere, contra- from, subject to, subject to terms, subsidiary
dict, contravene, controvert, counter, debate, defy, disaf- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: contingent basis, contingent claim,
firm, disagree, dispute, fight, gainsay, grapple with, im- contingent contract, contingent debt, contingent demand,
pugn, object, oppose, oppugn, quarrel over, question, contingent estate, contingent event, contingent expec-
refuse to accept, refuse to admit, resist, struggle, take ex- tancy, contingent fee, contingent fund, contingent gift,
ception to, traverse, vie with contingent interest, contingent legacy, contingent liability,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: contest a will, contest an election, contingent life estate, contingent obligation, contingent
contest an insurance policy, contested case remainder, contingent right, contingent use, contingent will

CONTESTABLE, adjective at issue, close, competing, CONTINGENT-FEE AGREEMENT, noun conditional

confutable, controversial, controvertible, debatable, deni- fee, contingent-fee arrangement, contingency fee, fee con-
able, disputable, questionable, refutable ditioned on success, fee dependant on an outcome, out-
come-dependant fee, payment conditioned on success,
CONTESTANT, noun adversary, adverse party, aemu- payment contingent on success, payment depending on
lus, antagonist, appellant, battler, belligerent, candidate, the recovery
challenger, claimant, combatant, complainant, contender,
contester, corrival, disputant, foe, libelant, litigant, oppo- CONTINUAL (Connected), adjective constant, con-
nent, opposer, opposing party, opposition, oppositionist, stantly recurring, continued, continuing, continuus, nonstop,
participant, party to a suit, petitor, rival, suitor of regular recurrence, perennial, persistent, proceeding with-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: contestant to a will out cessation, proceeding without interruption, regular,
steadfast, steady, sustained, unbroken, unceasing, unchang-
CONTEXT, noun argumentum, background, circum- ing, unintermitted, uninterrupted, unremitting, unstopped
stance, coloring, connection, connotation, extended meaning,
force, gist, implication, import, main meaning, meaning, CONTINUAL (Perpetual), adjective adsiduus, boundless,
mode of expression, purport, range of meaning, scope, sense, ceaseless, continuous, endless, eternal, everlasting, incessant,
subject matter, sum and substance, surroundings, tenor, text, infinite, interminable, never-ending, permanent, perpetuus,
topic sempiternal, unceasing, unending, unstopped, unvarying
FOREIGN PHRASES: Nemo enim aliquam partem recte intel-
ligere possit antequam totum iterum atque iterum per- CONTINUANCE, noun abiding, adjournment of a cause,
legerit. No one can rightly understand one part before he adjournment of a proceeding, admission of postponement,
has again and again read the whole. adsiduitas, continuatio, continuation, endurance, extension,
lasting, lengthening, perpetuation, perpetuitas, perseverance,
CONTIGUOUS, adjective abutting, adjacent, adjoin- persistence, postponement, prolongation, protraction, stay,
ing, against, at close quarters, beside, bordering, bounding, sustained action
close, confinis, conjoining, conjunct, connected, contermi- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: continuance in office, continuance of
nous, continens, convergent, coupled, edging, end-to-end, a nonconforming use, continuance of a partnership, con-
fringing, in close proximity, in common boundaries with, in tinuance of a proceeding, continuance of criminal case,
contact, joined, meeting, near, neighboring, next to, on the presumption of continuance
confines of, on the edge of, proximal, proximate, side-by-
side, touching, verging CONTINUATION (Prolongation), noun addition, ad-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: contiguous lands, contiguous munici- herence, adsiduitas, augmentation, continuance, continu-
palities, contiguous property, contiguous territory atio, extension, lengthening, maintenance, perpetuation,
perpetuitas, perseverance, persistence, preservation, pro-
CONTINENCE, noun abstainment, abstention, absti- traction, stretching, sustaining, sustenance
nence, asceticism, chastity, conservatism, continentia, es- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: continuation of a business, continua-
chewal, forbearance, moderateness, moderation, prudence, tion of a condition, continuation of a fact, continuation of a
renunciation, restraint, self-command, self-control, self-de- lien, continuation of an easement, continuation of service
nial, self-discipline, self-restraint, sobriety, stoicism, temper-
ance, temperantia, temperateness CONTINUATION (Resumption), noun carrying on,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: continuance of a lawsuit continuance, fresh start, new beginning, new start, pro-
ceeding, reestablishment, recommencement, recurrence,
CONTINGENCY, noun accident, befalling, casus, chance, reinstatement, reinstitution, renewal, reopening, restora-
circumstance, circumstantial event, coincidence, conditional tion, return, reversion, supplementation
event, contingence, contingent, contingent event, depen- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: continuation of a proceeding, con-
dent event, doubtful event, fortune, hap, happening, inadver- tinuation of a suit
tence, incident, luck, occurrence, possibility, uncertain event,
uncertainty, unforeseen occurrence, unintentional happening CONTINUE (Adjourn), verb arrest temporarily, defer,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: contingency contract, double contin- delay, discontinue, hold over, interrupt, keep pending, lay
gency, unavoidable contingency, unforeseen contingency, aside, lay over, postpone, prorogue, put over, put over to
unusual or extraordinary contingencies a future date, recess, respite, restrain, set for a later time,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Casus fortuitus non est sperandus, et shelve, stall, stay, suspend, table, tide over
nemo tenetur devinare. A fortuitous event is not to be ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: continue an action, grant of a continu-
expected, and no one is bound to foresee it. ance

CONTINGENT, adjective attributed to, coincidental, CONTINUE (Persevere), verb abide, be durable, be per-
conditioned, consequential, dependent, dependent on, manent, bide, exist, forge ahead, go on, keep, last, linger,
dependent on circumstances, depending, due to, in a state maintain, move ahead, persevere, persist, persistere, press

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onward, prevail, progress, promote, pursue, stay on, sub- frame, lines, profile, relief, sculpture, silhouette, structure,
sist, sustain substance, substantial form, turn
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: continuing application, continuing
contracts, continuing nuisance, continuing offer, continuing CONTRA, adverb adverse to, against, con, contrarily,
trespass, continuing wrong contrariwise, contrawise, conversely, counter, in conflict
with, in contrast to, in opposition to, inversely, loathe to, on
CONTINUE (Prolong), verb arrange in succession, drag the contrary, on the other hand, opposed to, opposite, op-
out, draw out, durare, extend, extend in duration, lengthen, positely, otherwise, per contra, quite the contrary, to the
maintain, maintain continuity, perpetuate, preserve, pro- contrary, versus, vice versa
tract, retain, stare, sustain, uphold
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: continue in force and effect, continue CONTRA, noun antipode, antithesis, antonym, con-
in office, continue to carry on business, continued and un- trary, converse, counter, extreme, inverse, obverse, offset,
interrupted use, continued concealment, continued good opposite, reverse, the other side
health, continued possession, continuing accumulation,
continuing affirmative act, continuing and subsisting trust, CONTRA, preposition adverse to, against, at cross
continuing body, continuing conspiracy, continuing con- purposes, athwart, contrariwise, counter, in conflict with, in
tempt, continuing crime, continuing duty, continuing guar- opposition to, opposed to, opposite to, over against, ver-
anty, continuing jurisdiction, continuing loan, continuing sus, vis-à-vis
obligation, continuing offense, continuing offer, continuing
proceeding, continuing representation, continuing right, CONTRABAND, noun banned goods, bootlegged com-
continuing tort, continuing trust merce, bootlegged goods, bootlegged trade, bootlegged
traffic, captured goods, confiscated goods, confiscated prop-
CONTINUE (Resume), verb begin again, begin over, erty, embargoed goods, goods exported illegally, goods
carry on, carry over, go back to, make a new beginning, imported illegally, goods subject to confiscation, goods
proceed, reestablish, rebegin, recommence, reinstate, rein- subject to seizure, illegal property, illegal traffic, illegally
stitute, renew, reopen, restore, return to, take up again exported goods, illegally imported goods, illicit gains,
poached trade, poached traffic, prohibited articles, prohibited
CONTINUITY, noun coherence, connectedness, con- import, restricted goods, seized articles, seized goods,
nection, consecution, consecutiveness, consistency, con- smuggled commerce, smuggled goods, smuggled trade,
stancy, continualness, continuance, continuatio, continu- smuggled traffic, stolen article, stolen goods, swag
ation, continuousness, continuum, incessancy, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: contraband articles, contraband
permanence, perpetuitas, perpetuity, progression, pro- goods
traction, sequence, succession, successiveness, uninter-
mittedness, uninterrupted connection, uninterrupted- CONTRACT, noun accord, accordance, agreement, ar-
ness, uninterruption rangement, articles of agreement, assurance, avouchment,
avowal, bargain, binding agreement, bond, charter, collec-
CONTINUOUS, adjective ceaseless, consecutive, con- tive agreement, commitment, compact, compromise,
stant, continual, continuing, endless, extended, following, concordat, condicio, conductio, confirmation, conventio,
incessant, never-ending, perennial, perpetual, progressive, covenant, deal, embodied terms, engagement, entente,
prolonged, repeated, running, sequential, steady, sus- guarantee, instrument evidencing an agreement, ironclad
tained, unbroken, unceasing, unending, unfaltering, unin- agreement, legal document, mutual agreement, mutual
termittent, unintermitting, uninterrupted, unremitting, un- pledge, mutual promise, mutual undertaking, negotiated
stopped, without cessation, without interruption agreement, obligation, pact, paction, pactum, pledge,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: continuous absence, continuous ac- pledged word, private understanding, promise, ratified
count, continuous activity, continuous adverse possession, agreement, set terms, settlement, stated terms, stipulation,
continuous and unbroken, continuous and uninterrupted terms for agreement, understanding, undertaking, war-
use, continuous course of business, continuous crime, con- ranty, written terms
tinuous disability, continuous easement, continuous guar- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: acceptance of a contract, accessory
anty, continuous injury, continuous nuisance, continuous contract, action on contract, adhesion contract, aleatory
possession, continuous residence, continuous servitude, contract, alteration of a contract, alternative contract, an-
continuous tort, continuous use, continuous wrong, con- ticipatory breach of contract, assent to a contract, assign-
tinuously carry on, continuously confined, continuously ment of a contract, bilateral contract, breach of a contract,
disabled, continuously employed breach of contract, cancellation of a contract, claim arising
on contract, collateral contract, collective agreement, com-
CONTORT, verb bend, bend out of shape, deform, mercial contract, concurrent contracts, conditional accep-
detorquere, dislocate, distorquere, distort, knot, misshape, tance of a contract, conditional agreement, conditional
pervert, turn, twine, twist, twist and turn, wind, wrench, contract, consideration in a contract, constructive contract,
wrest, wrinkle, writhe contingency contract, continuing contract, contract action,
contract carrier, contract for an option, contract implied in
CONTOUR (Outline), noun ambit, bounds, circle, cir- fact, contract obligation, contract of agency, contract of car-
cuit, circumference, circumscription, configuration, delinea- riage, contract of employment, contract of guaranty, con-
tion, diagram, figuration, figure, form, frame, framework, tract of hire or hiring, contract of indemnity, contract of in-
laterality, lineamenta, lines, main features, outside, perim- surance, contract of record, contract of sale, contract of
eter, periphery, picture, plan, profile, relief, rough sketch, subscription for stock, contract of suretyship, contract price,
silhouette, skeleton, sketch, structure, tournure contract rights, contract to lease, contract to purchase, con-
tract to sell, contracting out work, de facto contract, divisi-
CONTOUR (Shape), noun configuration, conformation, ble contract, endowment contract, enforceable contract,
feature, figura, figuration, figure, form, forma, formation, exclusive contract, executed contract, executory contract,

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express contract, fictitious contract, fiduciary contract, for- which are based on an unlawful consideration will not been
mal contract, fraudulent contract, future contract, general forced. Conventio vincit legem. The agreement of parties
contract, government contract, gratuitous contract, guar- controls the law. Contractus ex turpi causa, vel contra
anty contract, illegal contract, illusory contract, immoral bonos mores, nullus est. A contract founded on a base
contract, impairing the obligation of contract, implied con- consideration, or one against good morals, is null. Nudum
tract, indivisible contract, inequitable contract, installment pactum est ubi nulla subest causa praeter conventio-
contract, joint contract, liberty of contract, lump sum con- nem; sed ubi subest causa, fit obligatio, et parit actio-
tract, marriage contract, material alteration of contract, nem. A naked contract is where there is no consideration
material breach of contract, obligation of contract, optional for the agreement; but where there is a consideration, an
contracts, oral contract, parol agreement, parties to a con- obligation is created and gives rise to a right of action.
tract, passive breach of contract, performance of a contract, Modus et conventio vincunt legem. Custom, convention,
preexisting contracts, private contract, privity of contract, and an agreement of the parties overrule the law. Conventio
public contract, quasi contract, reformation of a contract, facit legem. An agreement creates the law (i.e. the parties
release from a contract, renunciation of a contract, repudia- to a binding contract will be held to their promises). Ex
tion of a contract, requirements contract, rescission of a nudo pacto non oritur actio. No action arises on a con-
contract, restitution on a contract, revival of a contract, right tract without a consideration. Contractus legem ex con-
to contract, sealed contract, separable contract, service ventione accipiunt. Contracts receive legal sanction from
contract, severable contract, specialty contract, subcontract, the agreement of the parties. Naturale est quidlibet dis-
surety contract, third-party beneficiary contract, uncondi- solvi eo modo quo ligatur. It is natural for a thing to be
tional contract, unconscionable contract, unenforceable unbound in the same way in which it was made binding.
contract, unilateral contract, unlawful contract, valid con- Nihil tam conveniens est naturali aequitati quam un-
tract, verbal contract, void contract, written contract umquodque dissolvi eo ligamine quo ligatum est.
FOREIGN PHRASES: Vox emissa volat; litera scripta manet. Nothing is so agreeable to natural equity as that a thing
Words spoken vanish; the written letter remains. Qui cum should be dissolved by the same means by which it was
alio contrahit, vel est, vel debet esse non ignarus condi- bound. In conventionibus, contrahentium voluntas po-
tionis ejus. He who contracts with another is not, or ought tius quam verba spectari placuit. In contracts, it is the
not to be ignorant of his condition. Praescriptio et execu- rule to regard the intention of the parties rather than the
tio non pertinent advalorem contractus, set ad tempus actual words. Ex maleficio non oritur contractus. No
et modum actionis instituendae. Prescription and execu- contract is born of wrongdoing. Ex pacto illicito non ori-
tion do not affect the validity of the contract, but the time tur actio. From an unlawful agreement, no action will lie.
and manner of instituting an action. Ex turpi contractu In contrahenda venditione, ambiguum pactum contra
actio non oritur. From an immoral contract an action does venditorem interpretandum est. In the negotiation of a
not arise. Dolo malo pactumse non servaturum. An sale, an ambiguous agreement is to be interpreted against
agreement induced by fraud is not valid. Pacto aliquod the seller. In contractibus, rei veritas potius quam scrip-
licitum est, quid sine pacto non admittitur. By agree- tura perspici debet. In contracts, the truth of the matter
ment, things are allowed which are not otherwise permit- ought to be regarded as more important than the writing.
ted. Nulla pactione effici potest ne dolus praestetur. In contractibus, tacite insunt quae sunt moris et
By no agreement can it be effected that a fraud shall be consuetudinis. In contracts, matters of custom and usage
maintained. In contractibus, benigna, in testamentis, are tacitly implied. Incerta quantitas vitiat actum. An
benignior; inrestitutionibus, benignissima interpreta- uncertain quantity vitiates the act. Legem enim contractus
tio facienda est. In contracts, the interpretations should be dat. The contract makes the law. Nuda pactio obligatio-
liberal; in wills, more liberal; in restitutions, most liberal. nem non parit. A naked promise does not create a binding
Scientia utrinque par pares contrahentesfacit. Equal obligation. Eisdem modis dissolvitur obligatio quae nas-
knowledge on both sides makes the contracting parties citur ex contractu, vel quasi, quibus contrahitur. An
equal. Pacta conventa quae neque contra leges, neque obligation which arises in contract, or quasi contract, is dis-
dolo malo inita sunt, omni modo observanda sunt. solved in the same ways in which it is contracted.
Agreements which are not contrary to the laws, nor fraudu-
lently entered into, are in all respects to be observed. CONTRACT, verb accept an offer, agree, contrahere,
Pactis privatorum juri publico non derogatur. Private covenant, engage, enter into, locare, make a bargain, make
contracts do not derogate from public law. In stipula- terms, obligate oneself, pledge, promise, undertake, un-
tionibus cum quaeritur quid actum sit verba contrasti dertake by contract
pulatorem interpretanda sunt. In agreements, when the ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: contract to perform services
question is what was agreed upon, the terms are to be in-
terpreted against the party offering them. Privatis pac- CONTRACT OBLIGATION, noun avowal, bond, com-
tionibus non dubium est non laedi jus caeterorum. mitment, compact, concordant, condition, covenant, guaran-
There is no doubt that the rights of others cannot be preju- tee, indenture, issue, liability, pact, pledge, promise, provi-
diced by private agreements. In omnibus contractibus, sion, proviso, specific obligation, specific term, term, warranty
sive nominatis sive innominatis, permutatio contine-
tur. In all contracts, whether nominate or innominate, an CONTRACT PROVISION, noun arrangement, article
exchange (i.e., a consideration) is implied. Pacta quae of agreement, clause, condition, limitation, obligation, pos-
contra leges constitutionesque vel contra bonos mores tulation, prerequisite, proviso, qualification, requisite, re-
fiunt, nullam vim habere, indubitati juris est. It is un- striction, specification, stipulation, term
questionably the law that contracts which are made con-
trary to the laws or against good morals have no force in CONTRACTOR, noun architect, artificer, builder, con-
law. Nemo tenetur ad impossibile. No one is bound to an structor, designer, deviser, engineer, maker, planner, worker
impossibility. Pacta dant legem contractui. Stipulations ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: artisan’s lien, independent contractor,
constitute the law for the contract. Pacta que turpem general contractor, materials lien, mechanic’s lien, subcon-
causam continent non sunt observanda. Contracts tractor

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CONTRACTUAL, adjective accordant, agreed, agreed contrast, counterpoint, departure from, difference, dispar-
to, arranged, binding, collectively agreed, committed, con- ity, dissimilarity, distinction, distinctness, divergence, op-
sensual, consentient, in accord, in accordance with, in positeness, opposition
conformity, negotiated, obligated, obligatory, pledged,
promised, settled, signed, signed and sealed, stipulated, CONTRAPOSITION, noun antagonism, antithesis,
understood confrontation, confrontment, contradiction, contradistinc-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: contractual agreement, contractual tion, contrariety, contrast, converse, counterpart, dis-
assumption of risk, contractual consideration, contractual agreement, disparity, dissimilarity, incompatibility, ob-
liability, contractual obligation, contractual relationship, verse, odds, opposite, opposite side, opposition,
contractual right, contractual status otherness, placement against, placement opposite, re-
verse, unlikeness
CONTRADICT, verb ab re discrepare, abrogate, affirm
the contrary, annul, answer back, argue, assert the contrary, CONTRARY, adjective abnegative, adversative, ad-
assert the opposite, challenge, clash, come in conflict with, verse, adversus, answering, antagonistic to, antipathetic,
conflict, confute, contradicere, contrast, contravene, contro- antithetic, antithetical, at cross purposes, at issue, at vari-
vert, counter, counteract, countervail, counterwork, deny, ance, averse, captious, conflicting, confutative, confuting,
differ, disagree, disclaim, disprove, dispute, dissent, give contradicting, contradictory, contradistinct, contraindicat-
denial to, go against, go contrary to, go counter to, go in ing, contrapositive, contrarius, contrasted, contrasting,
opposition to, impugn, inter se repugnare, negate, nega- contraway, converse, counter, counteracting, countervail-
tive, oppose, oppugn, prove the contrary, quarrel, rebut, ing, denying, diametrically opposite, different, disaffirming,
refuse to accept, refute, repudiate, reverse, run counter to, disagreeing, disavowing, discordant, in opposition to, in-
take issue with, traverse verse, negative, negatory, obverse, opposed, opposing,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: contradiction by a witness on the stand opposite, opposite in character, opposite in nature, opposi-
tional, oppugnant, rebutting, refutative, refutatory, refut-
CONTRADICTION, noun adverseness, antipathy, an- ing, tout le contraire, vis-à-vis
tithesis, assertion of the contrary, assertion of the opposite, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: contrary intent, contrary to evidence,
conflict, conflicting evidence, confutation, contradistinction, contrary to good morals, contrary to law, contrary to public
contraindication, contraposition, contraries, contrariety, interest, contrary to statute
contrariness, contrary assertion, contrast, contravention,
controversion, controversy, counteraccusation, counterac- CONTRARY, noun antilogy, antipode, antithesis, con-
tion, counterargument, countercharge, counterevidence, flict, contradiction, contradistinction, contrast, converse,
counteroath, counterstatement, defiance, denunciation, dif- incompatibility, inconsistency, opposite, opposition, other
ference of opinion, direct opposite, disaccord, disagree- extreme, reverse, vice versa
ment, discord, discrepantia, disproof, dispute, dissension, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: contrary to the law
dissent, divergence, divergent opinion, incongruity, incon-
sistency, negation, negative evidence, opposite extreme, CONTRARY TO FACT, adjective aberrant, deceptive,
oppositeness, opposites, opposition, other extreme, rebut- delusory, dishonest, distorted, erroneous, fallacious, false,
tal, rebutting evidence, refutal, refutation, rejoinder, repug- fraudulent, inexact, questionable, solecistical, specious,
nantia, variance unfactual, untrue
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: contradiction in terms, contradiction
of a witness, contradiction of a writing, impeachment of a CONTRARY TO LAW, adjective criminal, false, feloni-
witness ous, illegal, illegitimate, improper, inaccurate, incorrect,
inexact, lawless, malefactory, malfeasant, outlawed, pro-
CONTRADICTORY, adjective abjuratory, absonant, ad- hibited, proscribed, tortious, unauthorized, unlawful, unli-
versative, adverse, antagonistic, antithetical, asserting the censed, wrong
contrary, asserting the opposite, at odds, at variance, clash- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: contrary to the evidence
ing, conflicting, confutative, confuting, contradicting, con-
tradistinct, contraindicating, contrapositive, contrarious, CONTRAST, verb appose, bring into comparison, com-
contrarius, contrary, contrary to reason, contrasted, contra- parare, compare by observing differences, compare to,
vening, converse, counter, counteractant, countervailing, compare with, confront, differ, differentiate, discrepare,
counterworking, denying, diametrically opposite, disagree- discriminate, distinguish, distinguish between, draw a com-
ing, disclaiming, discordant, discrepant, dissentient, dissent- parison, exhibit the differences between, institute a com-
ing, diversus, in the opposite scale, inconsistent, inverse, ir- parison, make a comparison, oppose, place against, place
reconcilable, negating, negatory, obverse, opponent, in juxtaposition, set in opposition, set off against, set off by
opposed, opposing, opposite, oppositional, oppositive, re- opposition, stand out in opposition
butting, refutative, refutatory, refuting, repugnans, repug-
nant, reverse, tout au contraire, unreconciled CONTRAVENE, verb balk, be contrary to, be in conflict
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: contradiction of a writing, contradic- with, clash, conflict with, contest, contradict, counteract,
tory evidence, contradictory findings, contradictory instruc- cross, defeat, defy, deny, disagree, dispute, disregard, foil,
tions, contradictory statement frustrate, gainsay, go against, impugn, infringe, negate,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Allegans contraria non est audiendus. nullify, oppose, rebut, refute, run counter to, thwart, trans-
One making contradictory allegations is not to be heard. gress, traverse, violate
Cum duo inter se pugnantia reperiuntur in testamento, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: contravene a statute, contravene the
ultimum ratum est. When two things repugnant to each law
other are found in a will, the last shall be confirmed.
CONTRAVENTION, noun antagonism, argument,
CONTRADISTINCTION, noun antagonism, antithe- breaking an obligation, clash, conflict, confrontation, conten-
sis, clashing, contradiction, contradictoriness, contrariety, tion, contest, contradiction, controversion, counteraction,

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countervail, debate, denial, disagreement, discord, dissent, coworker, fellow, helper, helpmate, mate, participant, par-
dissidence, disunion, disunity, divisiveness, friction, gainsay- ticipator, partner, party, peer, shareholder, sharer, team-
ing, infringement, lack of concord, negation, opposing, op- mate, teamworker, workfellow
position, oppugnancy, quarrel, rebuttal, resistance, trans-
gression, traversal, variance, violation, vying with, wrangle CONTRIBUTOR (Giver), noun almoner, almsgiver, al-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: contravention of a contract, contra- truist, assignor, benefactor, bestower, donator, donor,
vention of a statute, contravention of an agreement granter, grantor, investor, patron, philanthropist, presenter,
subscriber, supplier, supporter, testator, vouchsafer
CONTRIBUTE (Assist), verb abet, accommodate, adi-
uvare, advance, advise, afford aid, aid, assist, assist substan- CONTRIBUTORY, adjective accessory, additional, aid-
tially, be a party to, be helpful, be of service, bear a part, ing, assisting, auxiliary, beneficial, conducive, contributing,
bring aid, conduce, cooperate, encourage, enter into, fur- determining, helpful, helping, influential, instrumental,
nish aid, give aid, help, intercede for, join in, lend assistance, lending assistance, salutary, secondary, tributary, useful
minister, partake, partake of, participate, prodesse, render ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS : contributory cause, contributory
help, serve, stand by, subscribe to, succor, support, take an negligence
active part in, tend
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: contributing cause, contributing to CONTRITE, adjective apologetic, broken in spirit, chas-
delinquency of a minor, contributing to support a dependent tened, compunctious, conscience-smitten, conscience-
stricken, desirous of forgiveness, full of regrets, full of remorse,
CONTRIBUTE (Indemnify), verb compensate, give guilty, humble, humbled, paenitet, penitent, penitential, re-
back, indemnity, make compensation, make reparation, gretful, regretting, remorseful, repentant, rueful, self-accus-
make restitution, pay back, pay damages, recompense, ing, self-condemnatory, self-convicted, self-denunciatory,
reimburse, remit, remunerate, restore, return, satisfy, self-reproachful, sorrowful, sorry, soul-searching
tender
CONTRIVANCE, noun artifice, collusion, complicity,
CONTRIBUTE (Supply), verb accord, add, administer, connivance, craft, deception, design, designing power, de-
afford, allot, assign, award, bequeath, bequest, bestow, vice, dodge, engineering, excogitatio, intrigue, inventio, in-
cede, commit, confer, consign, convey, deed, deliver, de- vention, inventiveness, machination, maneuver, manipula-
mise, devote, dispense, dispose of, dole out, donate, tion, means to an end, mechanism, method, plan, plot,
endow, enrich, equip, furnish, give, give away, grant, hand scheme, stratagem, strategics, subterfuge, tactics, wile, wily
over, impart, invest, mete out, pass down, pay, present, device
proffer, relinquish, remit, render, share, subsidize, supply,
tender, transmit, will CONTRIVE, verb arrange, cause, collude, compose, con-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: contributed capital, contributing fault, ceive, concoct, connive, consider, conspire, counterplot, de-
contributing negligence, contributing proximate cause sign, develop a course, devise, draft, effect, excogitare, fabri-
cate, fashion, forecast, form, frame, imagine, improvise,
CONTRIBUTION (Donation), noun alms, assistance, induce, intrigue, invenire, invent, lay plans, machinari,
award, benefaction, benefit, bequest, bestowal, bestowment machinate, make up, maneuver, mine, organize, pattern,
of a share, bonus, boon, bounty, charity, conferment, plan, plot, predesign, preestablish, prepare, procure, project,
conferre, contribuere, dispensation, endowment, generosity, provoke, scheme, shape out a course, sketch, systematize
gift, grant, grant of a share, gratuity, honorarium, lagniappe, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: contrive a cause of action
largesse, offering, present, presentation, provision, remem-
brance, subsidy, subvention, succor, sustenance, tribute CONTROL (Restriction), noun blockade, brake, check,
constraint, curb, deterrence, deterrent, disallowance, exclu-
CONTRIBUTION (Indemnification), noun compensa- sion, inhibition, limitation, moderation, prevention, prohibi-
tion, guerdon, indemnity, need, offsetting, paying back, tion, qualification, rationing, repression, restraint, restrictive
payment, quittance, reckoning, recompense, redress, reim- practice, subdual, suppression
bursement, remuneration, reparation, repayment, requital, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: institution of controls, price control
requitement, restitution, restoration, return, satisfaction,
substitution CONTROL (Supervision), noun administration, aus-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: contribution among joint tort feasors, pices, authority, care, charge, command, custody, direc-
subrogation tion, discipline, dominance, domination, dominion, gov-
ernment, guardianship, guidance, jurisdiction, keeping,
CONTRIBUTION (Participation), noun abetment, aid, management, managership, mastery, ministry, moderatio,
alliance, assistance, association, coaction, coalition, collab- oversight, patronage, power, proctorship, protectorship,
oration, collusion, combination, complicity, comradeship, regimen, regulation, stewardship, superintendence, tempe-
concert, confederation, consent, cooperation, coordination, rantia, ward, wardenship, wardship
encouragement, federation, fellowship, harmony, help, in- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: absolute control, circumstances be-
terest, league, partnership, pool, shareholding, sharing, yond control, complete control, constructive control, exclu-
teamwork, union sive control, immediate control, indirect control, joint con-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accumulated contributions, contribut- trol, loss of control, mutuality of control, parental control,
ing to the injury, contribution to capital, contributory fault, reasonable control
contributory infringer, contributory negligence, indemnity
CONTROL (Regulate), verb administer, administrate,
CONTRIBUTOR (Contributor), noun abettor, acces- check, coercere, command, conduct, direct, dominate,
sory, accomplice, aide, ally, assistant, associate, auxiliary, engineer, govern, guide, handle, have charge of, have in
coadjutor, cohelper, collaborator, colleague, compeer, com- one’s charge, have the direction of, have under control,
rade, confederate, confrere, consort, cooperator, copartner, instruct, lead, look after, maintain, manage, manipulate,

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moderari, operate, order, overlook, oversee, pilot, pre- argument, legal proceeding, legal process, litigation, mat-
side over, regiment, rule, superintend, supervise, take ter for judgment, process in law, suit in law
care of ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: actual present controversy, amount
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: Bureau of Control and Accounts, in controversy, case or controversy, controversies in bank-
control board, controlled corporation, controlled sub- ruptcy, controversy arising under Constitution, controversy
stance, controlling clause, controlling influence, control- arising under laws of the United States, controversy at law
ling interest, controlling issues, controlling question of or in equity, controversy between citizens of a state and a
law or fact foreign country, controversy between citizens of different
states, controversy over claim, justiciable controversy, real
CONTROL (Restrain), verb arrest, confine, constrain, controversy, settlement of controversy in bankruptcy, sub-
continere, guard, hamper, hinder, hold back, hold in check, ject of controversy, sum in controversy
impede, inhibit, keep in check, keep under control, limit,
obstruct, prohibit, put under restraint, restrict, retard, sub- CONTROVERT, verb abjure, abnegate, abrogate, an-
due, suppress, temperare, trammel swer, answer conclusively, argue, argue the case, argue the
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: controlled substance point, attack, confute, contend against in discussion, con-
test, contradict, contradict absolutely, contravene, counter,
CONTROLLED (Automatic), adjective contrived, de- debate, defeat, deny, disaffirm, disagree with, disallow,
vised, machinelike, mechanical, mechanistic disavow, disclaim, discuss, dismiss, disprove, dispute, give
denial to, make a rejoinder, negate, oppose, overwhelm,
CONTROLLED (Restrained), adjective aloof, calm, con- rebuff, rebut, refellere, refutare, refute, repudiate
ditioned, constrained, cool, detached, disciplined, disen- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: controverted question of fact, contro-
gaged, distant, guarded, impassive, imperturbable, in check, verting plea
inhibited, moderate, obedient, passionless, reflex, restrained,
self-controlled, steady, stoical, temperate, unconcerned, CONTUMACIOUS, adjective anarchistic, cantanker-
undemonstrative, unemotional, unexcitable, unruffled ous, contemptuous, contumax, defiant, defying lawful
authority, disobedient, entêté, factious, fractious, head-
CONTROLLING (Authoritative), adjective arresting, strong, indocile, indomitable, insolent, insolently disobe-
binding, bridling, coercive, constraining, constrictive, curbing, dient, insubordinate, intractable, mutinous, not compli-
decisive, dominant, eminent, forceful, holding, impeding, ant, obstinate, pertinax, perverse, rebellious, recalcitrant,
important, in charge, magisterial, measuring, muffling, over, recusant, refractory, refusing to obey, renitant, repulsive,
overriding, predominant, regnant, regulating, restraining, resistant, resisting authority, resisting control, restive,
smothering, sovereign, stifling, stultifying, ultimate stubbornly disobedient, stubbornly rebellious, uncomply-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: a controlling case, controlling caselaw ing, ungovernable, unmanageable, unreasonable, unsub-
missive, willfully disrespectful
CONTROLLING (Dictatorial), adjective autocratic, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: contumacious conduct, contuma-
commanding, despotic, dominant, dominating, domineer- cious witness
ing, executive, harsh, imperious, iron-handed, microman-
aging, oppressive, overbearing, pushy, reigning, strict, CONTUMELY, noun abuse, affront, arrogance, asper-
subjugating, supervising, tyrannical sion, berating, castigation, contempt, contemptuous treat-
ment, contemptuousness, contumelia, derision, despite,
CONTROVERSIAL, adjective arguable, at issue, at despiteful treatment, discourtesy, disdain, disdainfulness,
odds, at variance, confutable, contestable, controversus, dishonor, disrespect, effrontery, haughtiness, humiliating
controvertible, debatable, dialectic, disputable, doubtful, rudeness, humiliation, indignity, insolence, insult, invective,
dubious, dubitable, eristic, exhibiting pros and cons, factious, objurgation, obloquy, opprobrium, presumptuousness, re-
in dispute, in question, not axiomatic, open to discussion, proach, revilement, rudeness, scornful insolence, scornful
open to doubt, open to question, polemical, problematical, treatment, scornfulness, scurrility, vilification, vituperation
questionable, refutable, speculative, suspect, uncertain, un-
certified, undecided, under inquiry, unsure, unverifiable CONVENE, verb accumulate, aggroup, amass, assemble,
bring together, call, call together, call up, collect, congregate,
CONTROVERSY (Argument), noun altercatio, alterca- consolidate, converge, convoke, draw together, gather, gather
tion, antagonism, argumentation, brawl, break, broil, clash- together, group, hold a meeting, hold a session, meet, mobi-
ing, conflict, conflict of opinion, contention, contest, con- lize, muster, rally, reunite, round up, summon, unite
testation, controversia, debate, difference of opinion, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: convene a session of a court, con-
disaccord, disagreement, disceptatio, disceptation, discon- vene a term of the court
gruity, discord, discordance, disharmony, disputation, dis-
pute, disputed point, disputed question, dissension, dissi- CONVENIENCE, noun acclimation, accommodation,
dence, dissonance, disunion, disunity, divergence, divergent advancement, advantage, agreeableness, aid, amenity,
opinions, embroilment, failure to agree, feud, friction, anodyne, assistance, benefit, betterment, comfort, creature
impugnation, inaccordance, incongruence, inconsistency, ease, expedience, facility, help, indulgence, luxury, satis-
inharmoniousness, inharmony, jangle, lack of concord, faction, service, shelter, solace
opposition, polemics, quarrel, question at issue, rupture,
set-to, split, squabble, strife, subject of dispute, unconfor- CONVENIENT, adjective acceptable, accessible, ac-
mity, variance, wrangle commodatus, advantageous, agreeable, applicable, appro-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: arbitrable controversy, matters in priate, available, befitting, beneficial, carefree, commodi-
controversy, submission of a controversy ous, conducive, desirable, easily accessible, easily done,
easy, effortless, eligible, expedient, fitted, fitting, habilis,
CONTROVERSY (Lawsuit), noun action, case, case at helpful, idoneus, opportune, presenting few difficulties,
law, cause, contest, judicial contest, legal action, legal requiring no effort, serviceable, suitable, suited, useful

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ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: balance of convenience, certificate of parley, perorate, recite, recount, relate, relate ideas, relay
public convenience and necessity, convenience and neces- ideas, say, speak with, state, talk, utter
sity, convenience of parties, enforcement in convenience,
greatest convenience, public convenience, reasonably con- CONVERSION (Change), noun alteration, interchange,
venient, rule of convenience metamorphosis, passage, reconstruction, shift, switch,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Non solum quid licet, sed quid est transformation, transition, transmutation
conveniens, est considerandum; quia nihil quod est ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: conversion of a security
inconveniens est licitum. Not only that which is lawful,
but that which is convenient is to be considered, because CONVERSION (Misappropriation), noun appropria-
nothing which is inconvenient is lawful. tion, defraudation, deprivation, embezzlement, fraud, lar-
ceny, malfeasance, misapplication, misappropriation of
CONVENTION (Assembly), noun assembly, cabinet, funds, misemployment, misuse, peculation, theft, thievery,
caucus, clinic, conclave, conference, convocation, discus- unauthorized assumption of property, unlawful appropria-
sion, forum, gathering, meeting, panel, parley, rally, retreat, tion, unlawful use of another’s property, wrongful assump-
roundtable, seminar, session, summit, symposium, synod tion, wrongful exercise of dominion
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: action for conversion, attachment,
CONVENTION (Tradition), noun birthright, conduct, constructive conversion, conversion by assertion of owner-
conservative custom, ethic, form, formality, habit, heritage, ship, conversion of goods, conversion of property, conver-
inheritance, legacy, manner, mode, norm, officialism, pre- sion of stock, detinue, fraudulent conversion, innocent
scription, principle, procedure, protocol, rubric, rule, stan- conversion, involuntary conversion, larceny by conversion,
dard, stereotype, value technical conversion, trover, wrongful conversion

CONVENTIONAL, adjective acceptable, accepted, CONVERT, verb actuate, adapt, alter, assimilate, bend,
accustomed, approved, classical, common, conformable, bias, brainwash, budge, change, convince, impel, incline,
conforming, conforming to accepted standards, custom- influence, lead, metamorphose, missionize, modify, move,
ary, established, established by general consent, every- persuade, prevail, propagate, proselytize, redeem, reform,
day, familiar, fitting, fixed, general, habitual, in estab- shift, sway, transform, turn
lished usage, long-established, natural, normal, of long ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: conversion of property
standing, ordinary, orthodox, permanent, prevalent,
regular, routine, standard, time-honored, tradition- CONVERT (Change use), verb alter, amend, become,
bound, traditional, translaticius, typical, usual, widely change, change into, change over, commute, convertere,
used, wonted denature, develop, diversify, emend, evolve, exchange,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: conventional interest, conventional interchange, make into, make over, metabolize, metamor-
life estate, conventional mortgage, conventional obligation, phose, modify, mutate, permute, rearrange, recast,
conventional sequestration, conventional subrogation, con- reconstitute, reconstruct, refashion, reform, regenerate,
ventional trust remake, remodel, remold, render different, renovate, re-
organize, replace, reshape, restyle, revamp, revise, shift,
CONVERGE, verb approach, approach one another, as- substitute, switch, transfer, transfigure, transform, trans-
semble, blend, bring into focus, bring near, bring together, mogrify, transmute, transpose, transshape, transubstanti-
center upon, centralize, close in upon, coalesce, coire, come ate, turn, vary
closer, come to a focus, come to a point, come together, con- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: basic converter, convert bonds, in-
center, concentralize, concentrate, congregate, consolidate, nocent converter
convene, convocate, draw gradually together, draw in, focal-
ize, focus, gather, in unum vergere, incline toward each other, CONVERT (Misappropriate), verb apply dishonestly,
interfuse, join together, meet, merge, taper, unite appropriate wrongfully, assume unlawful rights of owner-
ship, embezzle, expropriate, misapply, misdirect, mis-
CONVERSATION, noun articulation, causerie, chat, employ, mismanage, misuse, peculate, put to a wrong use,
collocution, colloquial discourse, colloquy, communication, steal, take illegally
confabulation, conloquium, consultation, conversing, delib- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: convert to one’s own use, fraudu-
eration, dialogue, discourse, discussion, dissertation, ex- lently convert
change, exchange of views, familiar discourse, imparting of
thoughts, inquiry, interchange, interchange of information, CONVERT (Persuade), verb align, brainwash, bring
interchange of opinions, interchange of speech, inter- around, convince, enlist, induce, influence, lead to believe,
change of thoughts, intercommunication, interlocution, in- prevail, propagandize, proselytize, reform, sway, talk into,
terview, oral communication, parley, questioning, speak- win an argument, win over
ing, talk, telling, verbal intercourse
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: confidential conversations, criminal CONVERTIBLE, adjective capable of being exchanged,
conversation, wiretapping conversations changeable, commutable, commutative, complementary,
compromisable, correlative, counterchangeable, exchange-
CONVERSE, verb address, advise, allocute, answer, able, interchangeable, mutable, permutable, reciprocative,
articulate, attest to, carry on a conversation, comment on, reversible, substitutive, transformable, transmutable,
commune with, communicate with, confabulate, confer transposable
with, conferre, consult with, debate, descant, discourse, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: convertible bond rule, convertible
discuss, dissertate, exchange ideas, exchange views, have bonds, convertible coupon bonds, convertible securities
dialogue, have verbal intercourse, hold conference, impart
thoughts, inform, interchange ideas, interchange informa- CONVEY (Communicate), verb acquaint, advise, affirm,
tion, interchange opinions, interchange thoughts, inter- announce, annunciate, apprise, articulate, assert, aver, avow,
view, make a rebuttal, make a speech, make a statement, bare, become known, broadcast, comment, confide, contact,

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declare, describe, detail, direct the attention to, disclose, punition, reprehension, reprisal, reprobation, reproof, retri-
disseminate, divulgate, divulge, educate, elucidate, en- bution, retributive justice, ruling, sentence, sentencing,
lighten, evince, explain, expose, express, get across, get in unfavorable verdict, verdict
touch, give an account, give notice, impart, indicate, inform, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: certificate of conviction, criminal con-
instruct, keep posted, make acquainted, make aware, make viction, felony conviction, final conviction, guilty verdict,
known, make public, manifest, mention, narrate, notify, pass nolo cotendere plea, record of conviction, sentencing
on, point out, post, proclaim, promulgate, pronounce, pub-
lish, recite, recount, relate, remark, render an account, re- CONVICTION (Persuasion), noun ascertained principle,
port, represent, reveal, share, signify, speak, specify, state, assumption, assurance, assured belief, attitude, avowal,
suggest, teach, tell, transmit, uncover, vent certainty, certitude, concept, conception, conclusion, con-
sideration, credence, creed, declaration of faith, doctrine,
CONVEY (Transfer), verb abalienate, alienate, assign, dogma, faith, firm belief, fixed opinion, impression, inclina-
award, bequeath, carry, cede, consign, contribute, deed, tion, judgment, leaning, mind, opinio, opinion, outlook,
deliver, deliver over, demise, devolve, dispense, donate, personal judgment, point of view, position, positiveness,
endow, enfeoff, give, grant, hand down, hand out, impart, postulation, posture, predilection, predisposition, presup-
lease, pass, pass down, pass title, present, relinquish, shift, position, principle, proclivity, profession, propensity, rooted
transfer title, transmit, transport, transpose belief, sententia, sentiment, settled belief, settled judgment,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: lawfully convey, quitclaim and convey standpoint, staunch belief, supposition, sureness, tenet,
theory, thinking, understanding, unshakable opinion, view,
CONVEYANCE, noun alienation, alienation of prop- viewpoint, way of thinking, well-founded opinion
erty, assignation, assignment, bestowal, bestowment, con-
ferment, consignation, delivery, demise, devise, devolu- CONVINCE, verb allure, argue into, assure, bring to
tion, disposal, sale, shift, testamentary disposition, reason, carry conviction, clinch an argument, compel, com-
tranmission, transfer, transfer of property, transfer of title, pel belief, convert, dispose, enlist, exert influence, extort
transference, transmission, transmittal belief, gain the confidence of, impel, impress, incline, indoc-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: absolute conveyance, conveyance by trinate, induce, influence, inspire, inveigle, lead to believe,
deed, encumbrance, fraudulent conveyance, involuntary make confident, make realize, outweigh, overcome by ar-
conveyance, presumptive conveyance gument, overweigh, persuade, persuade by argument,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Transit terra cum onere. Land passes persuadere, predispose, prevail upon, produce conviction,
subject to any encumbrances affecting it. Nihil tam conve- prompt, propagandize, prove, prove one’s point, satisfy,
niens est naturali aequitati quam voluntatem domini satisfy by evidence, satisfy by proof, suborn, sway, win over
rem suam in alium transferre ratam habere. Nothing is
more conformable to natural equity than to confirm the CONVINCING, adjective absolute, ad persuadendum
intention of an owner who desires to transfer his property. accommodatus, assured, assuring, attestable, authentic,
believable, believed, believing, bona fide, categorical, cer-
CONVICT, noun accused, accused person, bad exam- tain, cogent, coherent, commanding, compelling, conclu-
ple, captive, condemned person, condemned prisoner, sive, confirmable, confirmatory, confirming, convictive,
criminal, crook, culprit, defaulter, defendant, delinquent, corroborating, corroborative, credal, credible, creditable, deci-
desperado, desperate criminal, escapee, evildoer, felon, sive, deducible, demonstrable, documentary, documented,
first offender, fugitive, guilty man, guilty person, inmate, establishable, established, evident, evincible, forceful, genu-
internee, jail inmate, lawbreaker, malefactor, malevolent, ine, influential, irrefragable, irrefutable, likely, logical, maintain-
malfeasant, malfeasor, miscreant, misdemeanant, misfea- ing, moving, persuasive, plausible, positive, possible, potent,
sor, offender, outlaw, parolee, prisoner, prisoner at the bar, powerful, practiced, prevailing, profound, provable, proving,
prisoner behind bars, prisoner of state, public enemy, re- rational, real, reasonable, reliable, secure, self-evident, stated,
cidivist, recreant, reprobate, rogue, scoundrel, sinner, thief, strong, suasive, substantial, supportable, sustainable, swaying,
transgressor, villain, wrongdoer tenable, to be believed, tried, true, trusted, trusting, trustwor-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: certificate of relief from disabilities thy, unconfutable, undeniable, undisputed, unrefutable, valid,
verifying, well-founded, well-grounded, worthy of credence
CONVICT, verb attaint, bring to justice, call to account, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: clear and convincing proof, convinc-
cast blame upon, censure, condemn, condemn after judicial ing proof
investigation, declare guilty of an offense, denounce, de-
nunciate, doom, find against, find guilty, find liable, give a CONVOLUTED, adjective baroque, bizarre, byzantine,
guilty verdict, hold liable, hold responsible, impose a pen- challenging, complex, complicated, confusing, daedal, de-
alty on, inflict a penalty on, inflict punishment, pass censure tailed, difficult, elaborate, esoteric, extravagant, flamboy-
on, pass sentence on, penalize, prescribe punishment, pro- ant, florid, grotesque, hard-to-grasp, impenetrable, intri-
nounce judgment, pronounce sentence, punish, put the cate, involute, involved, Kafkaesque, knotty, labyrinthian,
blame on, sentence, utter judicial sentence against manifold, multibranched, multifaceted, multifarious, orna-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: convict of a crime, convict of wrong- mental, ornate, richly adorned, rococo, sophisticated,
doing, sentence unintelligible, varied, variegated
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: convoluted caselaw, convoluted facts
CONVICTION (Finding of guilt), noun adjudgment, in a case
adjudication, aspersion, avengement, blame, censure,
charge, condemnation, criminality, culpability, damnatio, COOPERATE, verb act in concert, act jointly, act together,
damnation, decision, decree, decrial, denouncement, de- adiuvare, ally, amalgamate, associate, be a party to, cabal,
nunciation, determination, exaction of penalty, execution of coact, cofunction, collaborate, collude, combine, combine
sentence, final condemnation, finding, hostile verdict, im- forces, concert, concord, concur, confederate, conjoin, con-
position, judgment, passing judgment, penalization, pen- nive, conspire, contribute, cowork, federate, fraternize, go
alty, prescribed punishment, proof of guilt, punishment, along with, go into partnership, join forces, join in, join with,

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league, lend one’s support to, lend oneself to, make an agree- suit, follow the example of, forge, give an encore, imitari,
ment with, make common cause with, partake in, participate, imitate, impersonate, infringe copyright, iterate, make a du-
pool, pull together, rally round, share in, side with, stand to- plicate of, make a transcript of, make a replica, mirror, mock,
gether, take part in, take part with, unite one’s efforts, unite model, parrot, pattern after, personate, pirate, plagiarize,
with, work as a team, work side by side with, work together portray, pretend, print, rebuild, recapitulate, reconstruct, re-
create, reduplicate, reecho, reestablish, refashion, rehash,
COOPERATION, noun affiliation, affinity, aid, alliance, reiterate, remake, repeat, replicate, represent, reprint, repro-
assent, association, coaction, coadjuvancy, coalition, col- duce, republish, restate, retell, retrace, revive, rewrite, simu-
laboration, combined effort, companionship, confederation, late, take after, trace, transcribe
cronyism, esprit de corps, fellowship, fusion, harmony, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: counterfeit, impersonate, infringe
help, incorporation, integration, liaison, logrolling, merger,
mutual help, participation, partisanship, partnership, quid COPYCAT KILLING, noun carnage, crime, death, de-
quo pro, rapport, reciprocity, solidarity, support, symbiosis, struction, duplicated annihilation, duplicated homicide,
synergism, synergy, teaming, teamwork, unanimity, unity duplicated killing, horror, massacre, obliteration, recurring
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: cooperation with the government duplicated bloodshed, repeated butchery, reproduced as-
sassination, reproduced murder, shooting, slaying, terror-
COOPERATIVE, noun alliance, association, collective, ism, torment
communal business establishment, communal society, com-
mune, concurrent effort, federation, guild, joint action, joint COPYRIGHT, noun authority, authorization, certificate of
operation, joint possession, partnership, teamwork, union invention, certification, concession, enfranchisement, entitle-
ment for a term of years, exclusive privilege of publication,
COORDINATE, verb adjust, arrange, assimilate, bal- exclusive privilege of publication and sale, exclusive right of
ance, combine, equalize, harmonize, homologize, integrate, production, grant, license, permit, privilege to publish, privi-
methodize, organize, proportion, regularize, regulate, sche- lege to reproduce, right of literary property, sanction
matize, set in order, synchronize, systematize ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: copyright license, patent

COPARTNER (Business associate), noun adjuvant, as- CORDIAL, adjective accommodating, affable, affec-
sociate, auxiliary, coadjutant, cohelper, collaborator, col- tionate, agreeable, amicable, approachable, attentive, be-
league, comate, companion, compeer, confrère, consoci- nevolent, benign, benignant, bonhomous, cheerful, colle-
ate, consort, cooperator, coworker, fellow, fellow worker, gial, companionable, congenial, convivial, courteous,
helper, mate, partner, peer, personnel, sharer delightful, devoted, earnest, easygoing, empathetic, en-
gaging, fond, friendly, genial, good-natured, gracious,
COPARTNER (Coconspirator), noun abettor, accessory, happy, harmonious, hospitable, jovial, kind, kindly, loving,
accessory after the fact, accessory before the fact, accompa- neighborly, nice, obliging, outgoing, polite, responsive,
nier, accomplice, accomplice in crime, adjunct, adjutant, sincere, sociable, social, sympathetic, tender, tender-
adjuvant, aid, aide-de-camp, aider and abettor, assistant, hearted, thoughtful, understanding, warm, warmhearted,
associate, attendant, camarade, coadjutant, coadjutor, co- welcoming
adjutress, coaid, cohelper, cohort, collaborator, colluder,
comate, companion, comrade, confederate, confrère, con- CORE, noun backbone, bedrock, body, center, conse-
sociate, conspirer, cooperator, copartner in crime, helper, quence, content, cornerstone, corpus, epitome, essence,
helpmate, intrigant, intriguer, machinator, particeps crimi- fundamentals, gist, gravance, heart, main point, meat, nave,
nis, partner in crime, socius criminis, supporter nub, nucleus, prime ingredient, principle, quiddity, quintes-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: joint adventure, joint enterprise, ten- sence, soul, substance, sum and substance, summary
ant in copartnership ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: core of a case, core of a claim, core
of an accusation, core of an allegation, core of testimony
COPIOUS, adjective abounding, abundant, ample,
bountiful, considerable, copiosus, countless, extravagant, CORE HOLDING, noun central holding, critical deter-
exuberant, filled, flowing, full, generous, gigantic, great, in mination of the court, essential holding of a case, vital por-
profusion, inexhaustible, innumerable, large, lavish, liberal, tion of decision
luxuriant, massive, more than enough, numerous, of great
extent, opulent, overflowing, plenteous, plentiful, popu- CORE POLITICAL SPEECH, noun discussion of public
lous, producing abundantly, productive, profitable, profuse, issues, First Amendment speech, highly-guarded speech,
profusive, prolific, replete, rich, streaming, superabundant, political expression, position speech, purely expressive
supernumerary, teeming, unlimited, unmeasured, unre- speech, words to rally public support for a candidate for
stricted, unsparing, unstinting, voluminous, well-provided, public office, words to rally public support for an espoused
well-stocked, wide, yielding abundantly position, words to rally public support for an issue

COPY, noun cast, counterfeit, counterpart, duplicate, du- CORNERSTONE, noun backbone, base, body, cardinal
plication, ectype, facsimile, fake, forgery, image, imitation, point, core, corpus, critical point, crucial point, crux, es-
impress, impression, imprint, likeness, offprint, person- sence, essential matter, exigency, foundation, frame of ref-
ation, print, reissue, repetition, replica, representation, re- erence, fundamental, gravamen, groundwork, heart, high-
print, reproduction, simulation, tracing, transcript, transfer light, key, keynote, keystone, landmark, main body, main
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: certified copy, conformed copy, cor- element, main point, main thing, mainstay, major event,
rect copy, true copy major part, material point, matter of concern, matter of
importance, milestone, nucleus, pedestal, pivot, principal
COPY, verb adopt, ape, approximate, assume, borrow, part, principle, purport, purpose, quintessence, rudiment,
caricature, cartoon, cheat, conform, depict, ditto, do like, salient point, sine qua non, standard, substance, substanti-
double, draw, duplicate, echo, emulate, falsify, follow, follow ality, support, terra firma, threshold

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COROLLARY, noun addition, adjunct, appurtenance, FOREIGN PHRASES: Jus quo universitates utuntur est idem
complement, correlation, correspondence, deduction, deriva- quod habent privati. The law which governs corporations
tion, derived principle, logical sequence, offshoot, outcome, is the same as that which governs individuals. Corporatio
outgrowth, propinquity, sequent, supplement, syllogism non dicitur aliquid facere nisi id sit collegialiter delib-
erari, etiamsi major pars id faciat. A corporation is not
CORPORAL, adjective bodily, corporeal, fleshy, incar- said to do anything unless it be deliberated upon collec-
nate, material, not spiritual, palpable, physical, somatic, tively, although the majority should do it.
substantial, tangible
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: corporal imbecility, corporal oath, CORPOREAL, adjective actual, appreciable, bodily,
corporal punishment bona fide, certain, concrete, corporal, definite, demonstra-
ble, embodied, existent, firm, fleshly, having substance, in
CORPORAL PUNISHMENT, noun beating, branding, existence, incarnate, material, palpable, physical, real, solid,
caning, capital punishment, conviction, death penalty, substantial, substantive, tangible, temporal, unspiritual
death sentence, death warrant, denouncement, denuncia- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: corporeal hereditaments
tion, doom, excommunication, flogging, guilty verdict, FOREIGN PHRASES: Haereditas, alia corporalis, alia incor-
hitting, mutilation, punishment, spanking, whipping poralis; corporalis est, quae tangi potest et videri; in-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Corporalis injuna non recipit a estima- corporalis quae tangi non potest nec videri. An inheri-
tionem de futuro. A personal injury is not satisfied by the tance is either corporeal or incorporeal; corporeal is that
outcome of a future proceeding. which can be touched and seen; incorporeal, that which can
neither be touched nor seen.
CORPORATE (Associate), adjective affiliate, allied,
banded, federative, incorporate, leagued, partnered CORPSE, noun body, cadaver, carcass, carrion, casu-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: corporate act, corporate assets, cor- alty, corpus, dead body, dead person, deceased, departed,
porate authorities, corporate body, corporate bonds, corpo- individual, lifeless body, mortal remains, murder victim,
rate commission, corporate conduct, corporate dividends, organic remains, remains, victim
corporate existence, corporate franchise, corporate name, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: corpus delicti
corporate officer, corporate powers and privileges, corpo-
rate property, corporate purpose, corporate rights, corpo- CORPUS, noun aggregate, aggregation, amassment,
rate seal, corporate securities, corporate stock assemblage, body, bulk, chief part, collection, collectivity,
colligation, compages, compilation, complexus, compre-
CORPORATE (Joint), adjective associated, coincident, hensiveness, concentration, concretion, confluence, con-
compact, concurrent, conjoint, conjunct, correal glomerate, core, cornerstone, corporality, corporeity, cu-
mulation, distillation, embodiment, ensemble, essence,
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, noun code of conduct, fullness, grand total, gross amount, grouping, import, im-
corporate canons, corporate dictates, corporate direction, portance, inclusiveness, integrality, integration, keynote,
corporate mandates, corporate norms, corporate princi- legal body, legal entity, main body, main part, major part,
ples, corporate regulation, corporate restrictions, corporate mass, materiality, materialization, matter, pith, plenum,
standards, corporate tenets, directives, guidelines, laws of principal, principle, quantity, quintessence, res, significa-
governance, model of propriety, oversight, rules of con- tion, solid substance, solidarity, structure, substance, sub-
duct, standards, supervision stantiality, sum, sum and substance, sum total, summation,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: affiliated person, audit committee, total, totality, weight, whole, wholeness
board committees, board compensation review, board ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: corpus delicti, corpus juris, corpus of
composition, board independence, ethics, executive offi- a trust
cers, independent directors, retirement ages selection
process, term limits CORRECT (Actual), adjective accepted, accurate, appro-
priate, approved, becoming, certain, comely, conscientious,
CORPORATION, noun affiliate, affiliation, agglomer- convenable, convenial, customary, decent, decorous, definite,
ate, alliance, artificial entity, artificial person, associate, as- due, established, exact, exacting, factual, faultless, fitting,
sociation, body, body corporate, business, business associ- flawless, fussy, gracious, impartial, impeccable, in perfect
ation, business establishment, coalition, combination, order, infallible, judicious, just right, literal, meticulous, neat,
combine, commercial enterprise, company, concern, con- perfect, polite, precise, proper, punctilious, reasonable, re-
federacy, conglomerate, conlegium, consociation, consoli- dressed, reformed, regulated, remedied, repaired, restored,
dation, corporate body, enterprise, establishment, federa- revised, right, scrupulous, seemly, strict, stylish, suitable,
tion, firm, foundation, holding company, industry, institute, tasteful, tidy, traditional, trim, true, unerring, unmistaken, valid
institution, joint concern, legal body, legal entity, operating
company, organization, sodality, stock company, syndi- CORRECT (Honest), adjective equitable, ethical, fair,
cate, union having a code of conduct, having been brought up properly,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: alter ego, business trust, cartel, closed having good upbringing, having values, just, moral, official,
corporation, closely held corporation, consolidation, corpo- orthodox, proper, reputable, rightful, scrupulous, true,
rate charter, corporate officers dissolution, corporate struc- upright
ture, de facto corporation, de jure corporation, derivative
action, directors, dissolution, domestic corporation, ficti- CORRECT (Adjust), verb alter, ameliorate, amend, ap-
tious corporations, foreign corporation, joint stock associa- propriate, better, cure, doctor, disabuse, improve, meliorate,
tions, limited partnerships, membership corporation, mend, reclaim, rectify, redress, reform, remedy, repair,
merger, municipal corporation, officers, parent corporation, touch up
public corporation, partnership, proxies, self-dealing, share-
holders, sole proprietorship, stockholders, subsidiaries, CORRECT (Admonish), verb berate, castigate, chasten,
voting trusts chastise, chide, disabuse, disenchant, disillusion, enlighten,

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lecture, objurate, penalize, perfect, punish, put right, re- connected, connective, consentaneous, consociate, conso-
buke, redress, reprehend, reprimand, reprove, scold, set nant, conspecific, contingent, coordinate, correspondent,
right, take to task, upbraid corresponding, dependent, equivalent, exchangeable, fellow,
fitting, germane, homological, interacting, interdependent,
CORRECT (Review), verb amend, change, convert, interlinked, interrelated, joined, linked, matched, mutual,
edit, emend, expostulate, help, regulate, revise mutually related, paired, parallel, pertaining, proportionate,
reciprocal, reconcilable, related, relating to, relative, relevant,
CORRECTION (Change), noun adjustment, alteration, resembling, similar, suitable, suited
amelioration, amending, amendment, betterment, correc- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: correlative rights doctrine
tio, curative, cure, emendatio, emendation, improved ver-
sion, improvement, melioration, mending, modification, CORRESPOND (Be equivalent), verb adapt to, agree,
qualification, readjustment, reconstruction, rectification, answer the purpose, appertain, approach, approximate, be
redaction, reform, reformation, rehabilitation, remedy, re- accordant, be akin, complement, be complemental, be
moval of errors, renovation, repair, repairing, replacement, congruent, be related, bear resemblance, belong, border
rescript, restoration, retraction, revampment, revisal, re- on, bring into relation with, cohere, coincide, compare,
vised edition, revision, rewrite, righting comply with, comport with, concur, conform, congruere,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: corrective action, corrective proce- conjoin, coordinate, copy, correlate, deal with, dovetail,
dures draw a parallel, equal, harmonize, have a comparison, have
a connection, have a relation, homologate, homologize,
CORRECTION (Punishment), noun amercement, ani- join, liken, match, parallel, pertain, reciprocalize, reconcile,
madversio, animadversion, castigatio, castigation, censure, relate, resemble, run parallel to, support an analogy, tie in
chastening, chastisement, condemnation, corrective mea- with, to be similiar, touch, unite
sure, disciplinary action, discipline, infliction, invective, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: corresponding tax
lesson, payment, penal retribution, penal servitude, penal-
ization, penalty, punition, reprobation, reproval, retribu- CORRESPOND (Communicate), verb acknowledge,
tion, retributive justice, scourging, stricture contact, disseminate, epistolize, exchange letters, notify,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: board of corrections, correctional fa- publicize, relate, reply, respond, send a message, transmit,
cility, house of correction write

CORRECTIVE (Progressive), adjective alternative, CORRESPONDENCE (Communication by letters), noun

amendatory, analeptic, antidotal, assuasive, counteractive, communication, dispatches, epistulae, exchange of letters,
curative, emendatory, healing, improving, medicinal, mod- letter writing, letters, litterae, mail, missives, writings
ifying, palliative, progressive, rectifying, reformative, refor-
matory, remedial, remonstrative, restorative, revisional, CORRESPONDENCE (Similarity), noun accord, agree-
salubrious, salutary, sanative, sanatory, therapeutic ment, analogy, comparability, conformity, congruence,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: corrective treatment congruentia, congruity, correlation, equivalence, harmony,
likeness, parity, resemblance, sameness, semblance, simili-
CORRECTIVE (Punitive), adjective avenging, castiga- tude, symmetry, uniformity
tory, disciplinary, inflictive, medicinal, palliative, penal, pe-
nalizing, punishable, punishing, punitory, recriminatory, re- CORRESPONDENT, adjective adapted, agreeable,
taliative, retaliatory, retributive, revengeful, vengeful, agreed, akin, analogous, answerable, apposite, appropri-
vindictive ate, belonging, coequal, coextensive, cognate, coinci-
dental, coinciding, collateral, comfortable, comparable,
CORRELATE, noun affiliate, agnate, ally, analogue, as- commensurable, complementary, concomitant, concor-
sociate, cognate, companion, comparison, complement, dant, congruous, consistent, consonant, contemporane-
complemental term, congener, coordinate, correspondent, ous, correlative, corresponsive, counterpart, counter-
counterpart, double, duplicate, equal, equivalent, fellow, posed, equal in effect, equal in force, equal in significance,
like, match, mate, parallel, pendant, reciprocal, reciproca- equal in value, equivalent, fit, fitted, germane, harmoni-
tor, relation, similitude, supplement, twin ous, homologous, mutual, pendent, reciprocal, related,
relative, relevant, similar, suitable, suited, synonymous,
CORRELATION, noun analogy, chain, collation, com- uniform
parison, connection, corollary, correspondence, counterpart,
equivalence, functionality, interchange, interconnection, in- CORRESPONDENT, noun analogue, complement,
terdependence, likeness, mutual, mutuality, parity, propor- coordinate, correlative, counterpart, duplicate, equal,
tion, quid pro quo, reciprocation, reciprocity, relation, rela- equivalent, obverse, pendant, reciprocator, similitude
tiveness, relativity, resemblance, similarity, similitude,
transmutation CORRESPONDING, adjective accordant, agreeing,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: correlation between fact and fiction akin, analogous, answerable, apposite, coequal, coexten-
sive, cognate, coincidental, coinciding, collateral, commen-
CORRELATIVE, adjective accordant, adapted, affiliate, surate, comparable, compatible, concerted, concomitant,
affiliated, affined, affinitive, agnate, agreeing, akin, allied, concordant, conformable, congenial, congruous, consonant,
amalgamated, analogous, anent, applicable, apposite, ap- contemporaneous, convertible, correlative, equivalent, har-
propriate, associated, associative, belonging, cognate, coin- monious, identical, indistinguishable, like-minded, match-
ciding, collateral, commensurable, commensurate, commu- ing, mutual, parallel, pendent, proportionate, reciprocal,
tual, comparable, comparative, compatible, complemental, reconcilable, relative, similar, synonymous, tantamount
complementary, concerning, concordant, concurrent, con-
formable, congeneric, congenerous, congruent, congruous, CORRIGIBLE, adjective able to improve, adaptable,
conjoint, conjunct, conjunctive, connate, connatural, alleviative, alterative, ameliorable, amenable, amendable,

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beneficial, controllable, correctable, curable, developmen- inducement, corruptela, corruptibility, corruptio, crime,
tal, emendable, extricable, fixable, functional, governable, criminality, debasement, deception, depravatio, deviation
improvable, manageable, mendable, perfectible, progres- from rectitude, deviousness, disgrace, dishonesty, dis-
sive, reclaimable, recoverable, rectifiable, redeemable, honor, disloyalty, disrepute, feloniousness, fraudulence,
reformable, reformational, reformatory, remediable, renew- fraudulency, graft, illegality, improbity, indirection, injus-
able, repairable, reparable, replaceable, rescuable, resilient, tice, jobbery, knavery, lack of conscience, lack of principle,
restorable, resurgent, retrievable, revisable, revisional, sal- lack of probity, malignancy, obliquity, perfidiousness,
vageable, subject to revisal, submissive to correction, tame- perfidy, perversion of integrity, scoundrelism, turpitude,
able, teachable, tractable unscrupulousness, venality, villainousness, villainy, want of
principle, wickedness
CORROBORATE, verb acknowledge, adduce evidence, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: corruption in public office
advocate, affirm, assent, assure, attest, authenticate, aver, FOREIGN PHRASES: Corruptio optimi est pessima. The corrup-
avouch, bear out, bear witness, bolster up, buttress, call to tion of the best is worst. Maledicta est expositio quae cor-
witness, certify, circumstantiate, comprobare, confirm, coun- rumpit textum. It is a cursed interpretation which corrupts
tersign, defend, document, endorse, fortify, guarantee, jus- the text.
tify, maintain, manifest, prove, ratify, reassure, reinforce,
sanction, strengthen, subscribe, substantiate, support, sus- COSIGN, verb accredit, answer for, approve, assure,
tain, testify to, undersign, uphold, uphold in evidence, vali- authorize, back, be surety for, certify, confirm, countersign,
date, verify, vouch for, warrant endorse, give assurance, give one’s signature, guarantee,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: corroborating evidence, corroborat- indorse, insure, promise, ratify, secure, support, undersign,
ing witness underwrite, validate, vouch for
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accommodation indorser, accommo-
CORROBORATION, noun acknowledgment, affirma- dation party
tion, assurance, attestation, authentication, averment,
avouchment, bearing out, certification, circumstantiation, COST (Expenses), noun business expense, charge, dis-
conclusive evidence, conclusive proof, confirmation, de- bursement, expenditure, legal expense, money expended,
monstrability, demonstration, documentation, endorse- obligation incurred, outgo, outlay, overhead, payment,
ment, establishment, establishment of proof, evidence, running expense
exemplification, fortification, legal evidence, presentation ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: awarding costs, bill of costs, costs
of evidence, proof, ratification, strengthening, substantia- and disbursements
tion, support, supportability, supporting evidence, sustain-
ing, testification, testimony, upholding, validation, validifi- COST (Penalty), noun amercement, bereavement,
cation, verifiability, verification, vindication, voucher, damage, damages, fine, forfeiture, harm, impairment,
witness injury, loss, penal retribution, penalization, penance,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: corroborating circumstances, cor- privation, punishment, sacrifice, unfortunate conse-
roborating evidence, corroborative proof, corroborative quence
testimony ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: court costs, treble costs

CORROBORATIVE, adjective affirmatory, agreeing, COST (Price), noun appraisal, asking price, assessment,
ascertained, assenting, attested, borne out, certified, confir- carrying charge, charge, consideration, expensiveness, face
matory, confirmed, confirming, convincing, corroborating, value, high worth, impensa, mark up, marked price, pur-
deductible, determined, established, evidential, evidentiary, chase price, quotation, quoted price, reckoning, sum asked
prima facie, proved, substantiated, testificatory, valid, vali- for, valuation, value
dated, verified, vindicatory ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accrued costs, actual cost, all costs,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: corroborating circumstances, corrob- cost basis, cost of administration, cost of doing business,
orating evidence, corroborating information cost of materials, cost of repair, cost of replacement, cost-
plus contract, costs and expenses, costs of suit, disburse-
CORROSIVE, adjective acerbic, acidic, acrid, acrimo- ments, fixed costs, full costs, legal costs, legitimate cost,
nious, adverse, annihilatory, arrogant, austere, biting, bit- marginal cost, operating costs, sheriff’s costs, total cost,
ter, brusque, captious, carping, caustic, chafing, consum- wholesale cost
ing, corroding, cutting, cynical, deleterious, disrespectful,
edacious, erosive, harmful, hostile, incisive, irascible, COSTS, noun burden of expenditure, charges, dam-
mean, mordant, offensive, ornery, salty, sarcastic, sar- ages, disbursement, expenditure, expenses, outlay, out-of-
donic, saucy, scorching, scornful, severe, sharp, sharp- pocket expenses, payment, penalty
tongued, snarling, sour, taunting, trenchant, venomous, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: award of costs in an action, awards
vicious, virulent, voracious for pain and suffering, bill of costs, certification of costs,
damages, fees, fines, payment of costs, penalties, punitive
CORRUPT, verb adulterate, befoul, bribe, cause to be dis- awards, remittiture
honest, contaminate, corrode, corrumpere, debase, debauch,
decay, defraud, degenerate, depravare, deprave, devalue, dis- COTENANT, noun another addressee, another deni-
tort, lead astray, misdirect, mislead, pervert, pollute, prostitute, zen, another dweller, another inhabitant, another inhabiter,
seduce, spoil, suborn, subvert, taint, undermine, vitiare, vitiate, another leaseholder, another lessee, another lodger, an-
vulgarize, warp other occupant, another occupier, another paying guest,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: corrupt a minor another possessor, another renter, another resident, another
residentiary, coaddressee, codenizen, codweller, cohouse-
CORRUPTION, noun abuse of public trust, act of brib- holder, coinhabitant, coinhabiter, coleaseholder, colessee,
ing, act of profiteering, baseness, breach of faith, breach of co-occupant, co-occupier, copossessor, corenter, coresident,
trust, bribery, complicity, conduct involving graft, corrupt coresidentiary

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COUNCIL (Assembly), noun advisory board, board, inhibit, interfere, make a stand against, militate against, ne-
committee, conclave, conference, forum, judicature, gate, not support, object, obstruct, oppose, pit against, play
palaver, parley, parliament, synod, tribunal against, prevent, prohibit, protest, protest against, put in
check, raise objections, rebuff, repel, resist, run in opposition
COUNCIL (Consultant), noun advocate, counselor, to, set against, side against, stand against, strike back, sup-
deliberation press, take a stand against, take evasive action, take issue
with, thwart, ward off, work against, work at cross purposes
COUNSEL, noun advisor, advocate, attorney, attorney-
at-law, barrister, barrister-at-law, consilium, counselor, COUNTERACT, verb act in opposition to, agitate against,
counselor-at-law, jurisconsult, jurist, lawyer, legal advisor, annul, antagonize, be at cross purposes, be contrary, bid
legal practitioner, legist, member of the bar, member of the against, cancel out, clash, collide, come in conflict with, con-
legal profession, officer of court, pleader, solicitor flict with, confute, contend, contradict, counter, counterbal-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: advice of counsel, aid of counsel, as- ance, countermand, countermine, counterpoise, countervail,
signed counsel, assistance of counsel, attorney’s fees, ben- counterwork, cross, deactivate, defeat, defy, destroy the ef-
efit of counsel, counsel in a cause, counsel of record, denial fect of, disconcert, disrupt, equalize, equiponderate, fight
of counsel, effective counsel, Escobedo Rule, of counsel, against, find a remedy, foil, frustrate, frustrate by contrary ac-
opposing counsel, sixth amendment, waiver of counsel tion, go against, go in opposition to, hinder, inhibit, interfere
FOREIGN PHRASES: Consilia multorum quaeruntur in mag- with, make a stand against, match against, militate against,
nis. The advice of many is required in great affairs. negate, neutralize, nullify, offset, oppose, oppugn, pit against,
Praepropera consilia raro sunt prospera. Rash counsels play against, play at cross purposes, prevent, protest, protest
are rarely prosperous. against, rebuff, repress, resist, resistere, reverse, rival, run
against, run counter, run counter to, run in opposition to, set
COUNSEL, verb advise, advocate, caution, coach, against, set at naught, side against, squelch, stand against,
commend, confer, consult, direct, discuss, dissuade, en- take issue with, take one’s stand against, traverse, undo,
courage, exchange observations, expostulate, forewarn, withstand, work against
give a recommendation, give advice, give suggestions to,
guide, instruct, offer an opinion to, opine, persuade, pre- COUNTERARGUMENT, noun answer, audi alteram
scribe, prompt, propose, reason with, recommend, seek partem, challenge, confutation, contradiction, contraremon-
advice, seek to persuade, submit, suggest, suggest a pro- strance, contravention, controversion, counteraccusation,
posed claim, suggest a proposed contention, urge, warn countercharge, counterclaim, counterprotest, counterreply,
counterstatement, defense, denial, disproof, gainsaying, in-
COUNSELOR, noun advisor, advocate, attorney, attor- validation, negation, opposition, plea, plea in rebuttal, proof,
ney-at-law, barrister, barrister-at-law, counsel, counselor- rebuttal, rebutter, reductio ad absurdum, refutation, rejoinder,
at-law, individual admitted to the bar, instructor, interces- replication, reply, response, retort, subversion, surrebuttal,
sor, jurisconsult, jurist, lawyer, legal advisor, legal defender, surrebutter, surrejoinder, traversal, upset
legal practitioner, legal representative, legist, member of the
bar, member of the legal profession, officer of court, one COUNTERATTACK, noun counteraction, counteras-
called to the bar, solicitor sault, counterblast, counterblow, countermeasure, counter-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: counselor at law, of counsel movement, counteroffensive, counterplot, counterpush,
counterstrike, counterstroke, counterthrust, cross fire, repri-
COUNT, noun accusation, allegation, assertion, aver- sal, retaliation, retort, retortion, revenge, riposte
ment, case for the prosecution, charge, citation, claim,
comes, condemnation, countercharge, crimination, declara- COUNTERBALANCE, verb abrogate, acclimatize, ac-
tion, delation, denunciation, distinct statement, imputation, commodate, accustom, adjust, alter, annul, atone for, balance,
inculpation, indictment, item, item in the indictment, main change, check, checkmate, clash, combat, compensate, con-
charge, particular charge, statement of a cause of action form, confront, contend with, contradict, coordinate, correct,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: count in an accusatory instrument, counter, counteract, counterattack, countermand, counter-
omnibus count poise, countervail, cross, debate, defy, deny, disagree,
discomfit, dispute, equalize, equate, equipoise, fetter, foil,
COUNTENANCE, verb abet, accede to, accredit, acqui- impugn, integrate, make up for, neutralize, offset, out-
esce in, adjust oneself to, advocate, affirm, agree to, aid, weigh, reconcile, rectify, redeem, redress, reverse, set off,
allow, approbare, approbate, approve, approve of, assent stabilize, steady, take issue
to, assist, back, be in favor of, charter, commend, concur in, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: balancing of the equities
confirm, consent to, corroborate, empower, endorse, favor,
forward, further, give one’s blessing, go along with, help, COUNTERCHARGE, verb abnegate, answer, answer
hold with, homologate, license, make allowances for, make back, be respondent, be responsive, confute, contradict,
valid, permittere, ratify, recognize, recommend, sanction, counter, defend, negate, oppose by contrary proof, provide
stand by, subscribe to, support, sustain, view with favor the answer, rebut, rebut the charge, recriminate, refute, re-
fute by argument, rejoin, reply, respond, respond conclu-
COUNTER, verb act against, act in opposition to, agitate sively, retort, riposte, say in reply
against, antagonize, avert, be at cross purposes, be contrary, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: counterclaim, cross-claim
be inimical, be obstructive, bid against, challenge, clash, col-
lide, come in conflict with, compete with, conflict with, COUNTERCLAIM, noun action to defeat plaintiff’s de-
confute, contend, contradict, contravene, counteract, coun- mand, assertion against the plaintiff, cause against an oppos-
tercheck, countermand, countervail, cross, deflect, defy, ing party, cause of action in favor of defendants, claim ad-
disapprove, fend, fight against, fight off, foil, frustrate by vanced by defendant, claim for relief by defendant, claim
contrary action, go against, go contrary to, go in opposition presented by defendant, contraremonstrance, counteraction,
to, hinder, hold at bay, hold off, hold out against, impede, counterapplication, countercharge, counterdeclaration,

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counterdemand, countermotion, counterpetition, counter- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: enemy combatants, justice courts,
postulation, counterproposal, counterreclamation, counter- military tribunals, national security profiling, Patriot Act,
request, countersuit, cross-action, cross-bill, opposing suit, racial profiling, war on terrorism
rejoinder, set-off
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: compulsory counterclaim, cross- COUNTERVAIL, verb abrogate, act against with equal
complaint, cross-demand, cross-petition, equitable coun- force, agitate against, alter, avail against, balance, be con-
terclaim, permissive counterclaim, set-off, sham counter- trary, cancel, cancel out, check, conflict with, confute, con-
claim tradict, contravene, counter, counteract, counterpoise,
cross, damage, destroy, equiponderate, go counter to,
COUNTERFEIT, noun act of copying, bogus, copy, hinder, inhibit, interfere, match, militate against, negate,
criminal imitation, deception, ersatz, fabrication, fake, false neutralize, offset, oppose, outbalance, prevent, rebut, re-
copy, false duplication, false representation, false reproduc- fute, resist, run counter to, set off, suppress, thwart, tra-
tion, falsehood, falseness, falsification, falsity, falsus, forged verse, undermine, weaken, weigh against, work against
copy, forgery, fradulent copy, fraudulent imitation, imitation,
plagiarism, plagiary, pretense, simulation, unauthorized copy COUNTLESS, adjective abounding, beyond a number,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: counterfeit bill, counterfeited written bountiful, endless, extensive, horizonless, illimitable, indefinite,
instrument inestimable, inexhaustible, infinite, innumerable, innumerate,
innumerous, many, measureless, multitudinous, myriad, num-
COUNTERINTELLIGENCE noun bugging, cloak-and- berless, numerous, plentiful, slew, uncountable, unfathomable,
dagger work, counterespionage, discover, electronic sur- unlimited, unnumbered, unreckonable, untold, vast
veillance, espial, espionage, examine, fish out, follow,
following, gumshoe, heel, hound, hunt, intelligence, intel- COUPON, noun allocation, card, certificate, check,
ligence agency, intelligence work, look for, meddle, military cheque, credit, credit check, detachable part of a certificate,
intelligence, observation, observe, peer, pry, scout, scruti- detachable portion, dividend, interest certificate, interim
nize, search, secret police, secret service, set a watch on, dividend, negotiable instrument, note, premium bond,
shadowing, sleuth, spot, spy upon, spying, stakeout, tag- premium certificate, redeemable part, redemption slip,
ging, tailing, take note, trail, trailing, turn over, 24-hour separable part of a certificate, separate ticket, share-out,
surveillance, watch, wiretap, wiretapping slip, stub, ticket, token, voucher, written instrument
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: coupon bond, coupon book, coupon
COUNTERMAND, noun abolishment, abolition, abroga- interest, coupon note
tion, annulment, ban, cancellation, counterorder, defeasance,
disallowance, invalidation, nullification, prohibition, recall, COURAGE, noun adventurousness, audacity, back-
recantation, repeal, repudiation, rescindment, rescission, bone, boldness, bravery, bravura, brazenness, certitude,
retraction, reversal, revocation, revocation of orders, revoke- confidence, conviction, daring, dash, dauntlessness, deter-
ment, suppression, vacation, veto, voidance, withdrawal mination, endurance, enterprise, fearlessness, fortitude,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: countermand an order gallantry, grit, guts, heroism, intrepidity, mettle, moral
fiber, nerve, perseverance, persistence, pluckiness, pugnac-
COUNTEROFFER, noun casus foederis, contractual ity, resolution, resolve, spunk, steadfastness, stoutness,
terms, counterbid, counterclause, counterconditions, coun- temerity, tenacity, valor
terexception, counterlimitation, countermeasure, counter-
plan, counterpresentation, counterproposal, counterproposi- COURAGEOUS, adjective adventuresome, adventur-
tion, counterprovision, counterqualification, ous, assured, audacious, bold, brash, brassy, brave, brazen,
counterrecommendation, counterrequest, counterreserva- cheeky, daring, dauntless, emboldened, enterprising, fear-
tion, counterstipulation, countersuggestion, hard bargaining, less, forward, gallant, game, gritty, gutsy, hardy, heroic,
negotiation, new offer, part of the bargain, responsive offer, impetuous, indomitable, intrepid, lionhearted, martial,
set of terms, terms proposed nervy, plucky, precipitate, resolute, Spartan, stalwart,
strong, tenacious, tough, Trojan, unafraid, undaunted, val-
COUNTERPART (Complement), noun alter ego, ana- iant, venturesome, venturous
logue, brother, coequal, congener, coordinate, correlate,
correlation, correlative, correspondent, doppelganger, ho- COURSE, noun act, act of pursuing, action, activity,
mologue, mate, obverse, pendant, reciprocal, reverse advance, approach, arrangment, attack, campaign, com-
pletion, conduct, customary manner of procedure, delivery,
COUNTERPART (Parallel), noun carbon, carbon copy, design, direction, effectuation, effort, employment, en-
copy, corresponding part, double, duplicate, duplication, deavor, evolution, execution, exercitation, furtherance,
effigy, equal, equivalent, image, likeness, match, replica, handling, implementation, interaction, iter, line of action,
reproduction, res simillima, twin line of conduct, management, manner, measures, method,
mode, mode of management, mode of procedure, modus
COUNTERPOISE, noun counteractive force, counter- operandi, motion, movement, operation, order, particular
balance, equal opposition, equaling force, equilibrium, manner of proceeding, performance, perpetration, plan,
equipoise, of equal importance, of equal weight, offset, policy, positive action, practice, praxis, prescribed system,
offsetting force, state of balance procedure, process, program, pursuance, pursuit, road,
route, scheme, succession of acts, system
COUNTERSIGN, verb certify, confirm, corroborate, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: arising out of and in course of em-
endorse, execute, ratify, sanction, second, support ployment, course of business, course of conduct, course of
dealings, course of employment, courses and distances,
COUNTERTERRORISM, noun counterespionage, direct course, general course, water course
counterintelligence, espionage, intelligence, intelligence FOREIGN PHRASES: In dubio, pars mitior est sequenda. In
agency, intelligence work, spying, surveillance doubt, the safer course is to be followed.

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COURSE OF ACTION, noun action, advance, ap- COVENANT, noun agreement, arrangement, avowal,
proach, avenue, case, channels, custom, doctrine, fashion, binding agreement, collective agreement, commitment,
ideology, logical process, manner, means, measure, compact, concordat, contract, contractual obligation, con-
method, methodicalness, methodology, mode, modus tractual statement, conventio, convention, engagement,
operandi, movement, operation, plan, policy, position, guarantee, mutual understanding, oath, pacisci, pact, pactio,
practice, procedure, proceeding, program, progression, pactum, pledge, promise, stipulation, understanding, under-
route, routine, schema, scheme, strategy, system, way taking, warranty, written agreement, written pledge
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: breach of covenant, collateral cove-
COURSE OF CONDUCT, noun action, air, attitude, be- nants, concurrent covenants, covenant against incum-
havior, carriage, comportment, conformance, convention, brances, covenant appurtenant to the land, covenant for
dealings, decency, decorum, delivery, demeanor, deport- quiet enjoyment, covenant not to institute suit, covenant in
ment, established practice, manner, method, mien, mode, praesenti, covenant not to convey, covenant of future assur-
morals, observance, performance, practice, presence, pro- rence, covenant of general warranty, covenant of title, cov-
priety, routine, rules, savoirfaire, seemliness, social graces, enant of warranty, covenant running with the land, covenant
style, tact, taste, time-honored practices, way, ways to pay, dependent covenant, doctrine of implied covenants,
joint covenant, negative covenants, restrictive covenant
COURT, noun bar, bar of justice, basilica, bench, forum
for adjusting disputes, forum of justice, iudicium, judgment COVER (Pretext), noun alleged reason, camouflage,
seat, judicial assembly, judicial forum, judicial tribunal, jus- claim, disguise, excuse, guise, mask, obtegere, operire,
tice, justice seat, lawcourt, magistrates, place where justice pretense, profession, screen, sham, subterfuge, velare
is administered, tribunal
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: adjournment of the court, appearance COVER (Protection), noun blanket, coating, covering,
in court, application addressed to the court, civil court, clerk coverture, guard, integument, safeguard, sheath, shelter,
of court, competent court, contempt of court, county court, shield, veneer
court-appointed receiver, court below, court calendar, court
costs, court in banc, court martial, court of appeals, court of COVER (Substitute), noun alternate, alternative, equiva-
bankruptcy, court of chancery, court of claims, court of com- lent item, exchange, replacement, similar item, stand-in,
mon pleas, court of competent jurisdiction, court of first in- substitution
stance, court of general jurisdiction, court of inquest, court
of justice, court of last resort, court of limited jurisdiction, COVER (Conceal), verb becloud, befog, bury, camou-
court of probate, court of record, court’s own motion, flage, cloak, curtain, disguise, enshroud, hide, keep out of
court’s own witness, criminal court, district court, family sight, mask, obscure, put out of sight, screen, seclude, se-
court, federal court, fraud upon the court, inferior courts, crete, shroud, veil, velare
inherent right of court, jurisdiction of a court, leave of court, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: cover one’s assets
legislative courts, local court, municipal courts, opinion of
the court, order of the court, power of the court, probate COVER (Guard), verb care for, defend, ensure, harbor,
court, proceedings in court, state court, Supreme Court, tax insure, keep in safety, keep safe from harm, keep under
court, term of court, U.S. courts close watch, make safe, protect, safeguard, secure, sheathe,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Actus curiae neminem gravabit. An shelter, shield, take care of, watch over, wrap
act of the court shall prejudice no man. Cursus curiae est
lex curiae. The practice of the court is the law of the COVER (Provide for), verb compensate for, counterbal-
court. Ea quae in curia nostra rite acta sunt debitae ance, insure, make compensation, make provision for, off-
executioni demandari debent. Those things which are set, pay, recompense, replace, substitute, suffice to defray
properly transacted in our court ought to be committed ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: buyer’s right to cover
to a due execution. Nihil habet forum ex scena. The
court has nothing to do with what is not before it. Nulla COVER UP, verb beard, becloud, black out, blanket,
curia quae recordum non habet potest imponere bury, cache, camouflage, choke back, cloak, cloud, conceal,
finem neque aliquem mandare carceri; quia ista spec- couch, deceive, disguise, dissemble, eclipse, ensconce,
tant tantummodo ad curias de recordo. No court enshroud, envelop, gag, harbor, hide, hood, keep secret,
which has not a record can impose a fine or commit any mask, masquerade, muffle, obscure, obstruct, repress,
person to prison; because those powers belong only to screen, secret, shelter, shroud, silence, smother, sneak,
courts of record. squash, squelch, stifle, stow, suppress, veil, wrap
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: destruction of evidence
COURTESY, noun affability, amenity, amiability, chiv-
alry, civility, comitas, comity, complaisance, consideration, COVERAGE (Insurance), noun act of promise-making,
cordiality, courteous conduct, courteousness, courtliness, amount for which anything is insured, assurance, backing,
deference, elegance of manners, etiquette, excellence of bond, covenant, guarantee, guaranty, indemnity, obliga-
behavior, friendliness, gallantry, geniality, gentility, good tion, pledge, promise, promise to pay, protection, reassur-
behavior, good breeding, good manners, graciousness, ance, reinsurance, safeguard, security against loss, support,
manners, officium, polished manners, polite act, polite- surety, undertaking, underwriting, warrant, warranty
ness, refinement, respect, reverence, suavity, tact, thought- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: blanket coverage, casualty coverage,
fulness, urbanitas, urbanity comprehensive coverage, extended coverage, fire cover-
age, theft coverage
COURTROOM, noun court, lawcourt, part, room in
which a court of law is held, room in which a lawcourt is held, COVERAGE (Scope), noun accommodation, act of com-
room used for the application of the laws, room used for the passing, act of comprehending, act of containing, act of em-
public administration of justice, room where justice is admin- bracing, act of encircling, act of encompassing, act of engross-
istered ing, act of spanning, act of subsuming, act of surrounding,

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ambit, bounds, capacity, circulation, circumscription, compo- CREDIBILITY, noun appearance of truth, auctoritas,
sition, comprehension, comprehensiveness, comprisal, do- believability, believableness, credibleness, faithfulness,
main, dominion, embodiment, embrace, enclosure, encom- fides, integrity, plausibility, probity, rectitude, reliability,
passment, envelopment, expanse, extent of view, fact of tenability, tenableness, trustworthiness, truthfulness, up-
comprehending, field, formation, grasp, inclusion, inclusive- rightness, veracity, verisimilitude
ness, inclusivity, incorporation, latitude, measure, participa- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: credibility of a witness, impeachment
tion, province, purview, range, range of view, reach, realm, of credibility
region, room, space, sphere, spread, sweep, that which is
comprehended, view, volume, wide currency, zone CREDIBLE, adjective assured, believable, commanding
belief, commanding confidence, convincing, credibilis, cred-
COVERT, adjective clandestine, cloaked, concealed, itworthy, dependable, deserving belief, deserving of confi-
covered, cryptic, cryptical, dark, delitescent, disguised, fur- dence, faithful, faithworthy, frank, honest, incorruptible, in-
tive, hidden, insidious, invisible, latent, muffled, mysteri- disputable, indubitable, ingenuous, irrefutable, not
ous, mystic, mystical, nonapparent, occult, out of sight, improbable, of repute, reliable, reputable, scrupulous, sound,
private, screened, secluded, secret, sheltered, shrouded, straightforward, to be depended on, to be relied upon, true,
sly, sneaky, stealthy, surreptitious, tacit, undercover, under- trusted, trustworthy, truth telling, truthful, uncorrupt, uncor-
ground, underhand, undisclosed, unknown, unobtrusive, ruptible, undeniable, unequivocal, unfailing, unfalse, upright,
unseen, unsuspected, veiled veracious, verisimilar, void of suspicion, well-grounded, wor-
thy of belief, worthy of confidence, worthy of credence
COVERTURE, noun condition of a married woman, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: attack on credibility, credible evi-
conjugality, legal status of a married woman, living as man dence, credible person, credible witness
and wife, marriage lines, married state, married tie, matri-
mony, matronage, matronhood, matronship, nuptial bond, CREDIBLE EVIDENCE, noun admitted testimony, be-
state of a married woman, state of matrimony, union, wed- lievable proof, believable testimony, confirmed proof,
ded state, wifedom convincing proof, corroborated proof, credible documents,
credible exhibits, credible proof, creditworthy proof, de-
CREATE, verb be responsible, be the agent, be the pendable proof, documented proof, honest proof, indisput-
author, be the cause of, be the reason, beget, bring about, able proof, indubitable proof, irrefutable proof, legitimate
bring into being, bring on, bring out, bring to effect, bring proof, legitimate proof of facts, proof worthy of belief, proof
to pass, build, carve, cause, cause to exist, chisel, compose, worthy of credence, tested testimony, testimony which is
conceive, concoct, constitute, construct, contribute, con- above reproach, trustworthy proof, truthful proof, truthful
trive, develop, devise, effect, engender, engineer, erect, testimony, validated proof, verified proof
establish, fabricate, fashion, fingere, forge, form, formulate, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: attack on credibility, credible evi-
found, frame, generate, give birth to, give origin to, give dence, credible person, credible witness
rise to, ideate, improvise, inaugurate, induce, initiate, institute,
invent, kindle, launch, lay the foundations, make, make up, CREDIT (Delayed payment), noun advance, chance to
occasion, organize, originate, pattern, procreate, produce, put borrow money on time, confidence, future payment, install-
together, set going, set up, shape, spawn, start, think up ment buying, loan, opportunity to obtain goods on time,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: create a debt, create a liability, create permission to defer payment, purchase on time, purchase
a lien, created by fraud, created by law on trust, reliance
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: confirmed credit, consumer credit,
CREATION, noun arrangement, artistic effort, author- contingent creditors, credit agreement, credit association,
ship, beginning, birth, bringing forth, building, causation, credit bureau, credit rating, credit union, creditor and
composition, concoction, constituting, construction, con- debtor, creditor-beneficiary, creditor of bankrupt, creditor of
triving, defiance of precedent, designing, development, estate, creditor’s bill, creditor’s committee, creditor’s refer-
devising, endeavor, engenderment, establishment, expres- ence, creditor’s suits, establishment of credit, extension of
sion, fabrication, fashioning, formation, forming, formula- credit, general creditors, judgment creditors, junior credi-
tion, formulation of a mental image, formulation of a prin- tors, letter of credit, line of credit, paper credit, personal
ciple, formulation of an idea, foundation, framing, fruition, credit, preferred creditors, renewal of credit, secured
imagination, initium, invention, manufacture, molding, creditors, unconditional credit
new departure, original work, origination, patterning,
preparation, procreation, producing, production, produc- CREDIT (Recognition), noun commendation, consider-
tiveness, productivity, realization, shaping ation, distinction, esteem, fame, favorable opinion, good
name, high regard, honor, merit, power, prestige, rank,
CREDENCE, noun acceptance, act of believing, assur- regard, reputableness, reputation, repute, respect, stand-
ance, belief, certainty, complete trust, confidence, conviction, ing, status, worth
credit, dependence on, faith, firm belief, fixed belief, full FOREIGN PHRASES: Judiciis posterioribus fides est adhi-
assurance, full belief, implicit belief, instinctive belief, benda. Faith or credit is to be given to the more recent
persuasion, reliance, subjective belief, sureness, surety, decisions.
suspension of disbelief, trust, unshaken belief, view
FOREIGN PHRASES: Culbet in arte sua perito est creden- CREDITABLE, adjective authentic, believable, credible,
dum. Credence should be given to one skilled in his par- dependable, effective, honest, legitimate, real, reasonable,
ticular profession. reliable, reputable, respected, true, trustworthy, truthful

CREDENTIALS, noun authorization, certificates, certifi- CREDITOR, noun backer, debtee, investor, lender,
cation, documents, identification, papers, passport, proof of mortgagee, pledgee, seller, sponsor
authority, recommendations, records, references, testimo- FOREIGN PHRASES: Debitorum pactionibus creditorum pe-
nials, vouchers titio nec tolli nec minui potest. The rights of creditors to

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sue cannot be prejudiced or diminished by agreements an effect does not follow. Crimen laesae majestatis
between their debtors. omnia alia crimina excedit quoad poenam. The punish-
ment for treason exceeds that for all other crimes. Crimen
CREDULITY, noun belief, blind faith, credulitas, credu- omnia ex se nata vitiat. Crime vitiates all which springs
lousness, deceivability, disposition to believe, easiness of from it. Crimina morte extinguuntur. Crimes are extin-
belief, foolishness, gullibility, gullibleness, impressibility, guished by death. Culpae poena par esto. Let the punish-
innocence, lack of doubt, lack of dubiety, lack of dubious- ment fit to the crime. Venia facilitas incentivum est de-
ness, lack of skepticism, lack of sophistication, lack of sus- linquendi. Facility of pardon is an incentive to crime.
picion, naiveness, naivete, overtrustfulness, persuasibility, Voluntas et propositum distinguunt maleficia. The will
pliability, pliancy, readiness to believe, simpleness, simplic- and purpose distinguish offenses. Multiplicata trans-
ity, suggestibility, susceptibility, susceptivity, tractability, gressione crescat poenae inflictio. The infliction of pun-
trust, trustfulness, uncritical acceptance, unquestioning be- ishment should be increased in proportion to the repeti-
lief, unsophistication, unsuspectingness, unsuspiciousness tion of the offense. In criminalibus, voluntas reputabitur
pro facto. In criminal cases, the intent will be taken for the
CREDULOUS, adjective believing, credulus, deceiv- deed. In maleficiis voluntas spectatur, non exitus. In
able, disposed to believe, easily convinced, easily de- offenses, the intention is regarded, not the result. In om-
ceived, easily duped, easily taken in, green, gullible, mis- nibus poenalibus judiciis, et aetatl et imprudentiae
judging, naive, overly trustful, persuasible, prone to believe, succurritur. In all penal judgments, allowance is made for
simple, trusting, undoubting, unquestioning, unsophisti- youth and lack of prudence. In criminalibus, sufficit ge-
cated, unsuspecting, unsuspicious neralis malitia intentionis, cum facto paris gradus. In
crimes, a general malicious intent suffices where there is
CRIME, noun act prohibited by law, breach of law, an act of equal degree. Interest reipublicae quod homi-
contravention, corruption, criminal activity, criminal of- nes conserventur. It is in the interest of the state that men
fense, delict, delictum, delinquency, dereliction, deviation be preserved.
from rectitude, encroachment, facinus, felony, flagitious-
ness, fringement, graft, gross offense against law, guilty CRIME OF VIOLENCE, noun crime involving physical
act, illegality, indictable offense, infringement, jobbery, force, crime with physical force, offense with substantial
maleficium, malfeasance, malversation, misconduct, mis- risk of force, use of strength to cause harm
dealing, misdeed, misdemeanor, misdoing, misfeasance,
misprision, noncompliance with law, nonobservance of law, CRIMINAL, noun bandit, blackguard, buccaneer, bur-
nonfeasance, obliquity, offence, offense, offense against glar, convict, defrauder, evildoer, extortionist, felon, filcher,
the law, offense against the state, official misconduct, omis- fugitive, gangster, grafter, guilty person, gunman, hardened
sion prohibited by law, public wrong, serious infraction of offender, juvenile delinquent, kidnapper, killer, knave, law-
the law, violation of law, wrong breaker, malefactor, malfeasant, manslayer, marauder, mis-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accessory to crime, acquittal of crime, demeanant, murderer, offender, outlaw, pilferer, pillager,
antecedent crime, attempted crime, capital crime, commis- pirate, plunderer, public enemy, recidivist, recreant, repro-
sion of a crime, common-law crimes, compounding a bate, reus, robber, sceleratus, smuggler, sneak thief, swin-
crime, concealment of a crime, convicted of a crime, crime dler, terrorist, thief, transgressor, underworld character, vil-
against law of nations, crime against nature, crime involv- lain, worker of iniquity, wrongdoer
ing moral turpitude, crime mala in se, crime mala prohibita, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: convicted criminal, criminal action,
crime of violence, crimen falsi, element of the crime, guilt, criminal attempt, criminal capacity, criminal case or cause,
implement a crime, imprisonment, indictable crime, infa- criminal charge, criminal code, criminal conduct, criminal
mous crime, necessarily included crime, pary to crime, conspiracy, criminal contempt, criminal conviction, criminal
proceeds of crime, prosecution for a crime, punishment for courts, criminal information, criminal intent, criminal judg-
a crime, quasi crime, victim ments, criminal jurisdiction, criminal motive, criminal negli-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Crescente malitia crescere debet et gence, criminal offense, criminal procedure, criminal pro-
poena. Punishment ought to be increased as malice in- cess, criminal prosecution, criminal responsibility, criminal
creases. Aestimatio praeteriti delicti ex postremo facto sanctions, criminal solicitation, criminal statute, criminal
nunquam crescit. The weight of a past crime is never in- syndicalism, criminal transaction, criminal trial, habitual
creased by a subsequent fact. Receditur a placitis juris, criminal, known criminals
potius quam injuriae et delicta maneant impunita. FOREIGN PHRASES: Frustra legis auxilium invocat qui in
Settled rules of law will be departed from rather than that legem committit. He vainly seeks the aid of the law who
crimes should remain unpublished. Peccata contra transgresses the law.
naturam sunt gravissima. Crimes against nature are the
most heinous. Nemo punitur pro alieno delicto. No one CRIMINALITY, noun blameworthy conduct, corrupt-
is to be punished for the crime of another. Ubi culpa est, ness, criminal attitude, criminal conduct, crookedness,
ibi poena subesse debet. Where a crime is committed, culpability, culpable conduct, felonious conduct, felonious-
there punishment should be inflicted. Impunities semper ness, fraudulence, guilt, heinous conduct, illegality, illicit-
ad deteriora invitat. Impunity always invites to greater ness, infamous conduct, infamous misbehavior, lawless-
offenses. Melior est justitia vere praeveniens quam se- ness, malversation, misdoing, official misconduct,
vere puniens. Truly preventive justice is better than severe outlawry, transgression, unlawfulness, wrongdoing
punishment. Multiplicata transgressione crescat poe- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: criminal culpability, criminal intent
nae inflictio. The infliction of punishment should be in-
creased in proportion to the repetition of the offense. CRIMINOUS, adjective blameful, blameworthy, cen-
Poena non potest, culpa perennis erit. Punishment can- surable, condemnable, corrupt, criminal, culpable, degen-
not be everlasting, but crime will be. In atrocioribus de- erate, dishonest, errant, evil, felonious, flagitious, flagrant,
lictis punitur affectus licet non sequatur effectus. In fraudulent, guilty, illegitimate, illicit, immoral, inexcusable,
the more atrocious crimes the intent is punished, although infamous, iniquitous, irregular, law-breaking, lawless,

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 CROSS-PURPOSES

malefactory, malfeasant, nefarious, peccant, recreant, rep- reflection, rejection, remonstrance, reprehension, repri-
rehensible, sinful, unpardonable, vile, villainous, wicked mand, reproach, reproof, review, revilement, scolding,
upbraiding
CRISIS, noun breaking point, climax, critical juncture, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: fair and honest criticism, freedom of
crossroads, deadlock, difficulty, dire condition, dire strait, speech, privileged criticism
emergency, exigency, flash point, hostile situation, im-
passe, jam, pinch, predicament, problem, stalemate, tin- CRITICIZE (Evaluate), verb adjudge, appraise, assess,
derbox, trauma, turning point, zero hour consider, examine, gauge, iudicare, judge, measure, rank,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: a credible witness rate, reckon, review, scrutinize, sum up, take stock of,
value, weigh
CRITERION, noun barometer, basis, code, custom,
design, discipline, example, exemplar, form, formula, foun- CRITICIZE (Find fault with), verb animadvert, berate,
dation, frame of reference, gauge, ground rules, guide, blame, castigate, censure, chide, complain, condemn,
ideal, law, measure, model, norm, obrussa, pattern, point culpare, decry, deprecate, depreciate, disapprove, dispar-
of comparison, precedent, prescribed form, principle, regu- age, dispraise, express dissatisfaction, find cause to
lation, rule, rules and regulations, shape, standard, stan- blame, impugn, object to, objurgate, rebuke, reprehend,
dard of comparison, standard of criticism, standard of reprehendere, reprimand, reproach, reprobate, reprove,
judgment, test, test case, type, yardstick upbraid

CRITICAL (Crucial), adjective acute, anceps, chief, CRITIQUE, noun analysis, appraisal, assessment,
climacteric, climactic, commanding, considerable, decid- breakdown, comment, commentary, critical assessment,
ing, decisive, determining, dubius, essential, eventful, exi- criticism, discernment, editorial, essay, estimate, evalua-
gent, far-reaching, fateful, foremost, grave, imperative, tion, examination, exposition, inspection, investigation,
important, imposing, key, major, material, momentous, judgment, observation, opinion, review, revision, scrutiny,
never to be forgotten, notable, of decisive importance, of study, write-up
great consequence, of importance, of vital importance,
outstanding, overruling, overshadowing, paramount, piv- CROSS (Disagree with), verb act in opposition to, argue,
otal, pressing, primary, principal, prominent, serious, sig- be opposed to, collide, conflict with, confront, confute, con-
nificant, solemn, strategic, substantial, turning, urgent, tend, contest, contradict, contravene, controvert, debate,
vital, weighty defy, dispute, gainsay, homini obsistere, make a stand
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: critical stage of a trial against, neutralize, oppose, protest, refuse to conform, re-
fute, repudiate, resist, run counter to, speak against, take
CRITICAL (Faultfinding), adjective accusing, blaming, exception, traverse
captious, carping, castigating, caustic, caviling, censorious, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: cross action, cross-appeal, cross-
censuring, chiding, choleric, comminatory, condemnatory, claim, cross-complaint, cross-demand, cross-examina-
condemning, criminative, criminatory, criticizing severely, tion, cross-interrogatories, cross libels, cross-motions,
cynical, damnatory, defamatory, denunciatory, derogatory, cross-petition, cross-remainders, cross section, cross-suit,
disapproving, elegans, exacting, hard upon, hard-hitting, crosswalk
hypercritical, inclined to judge with severity, nagging, ob-
jecting, objurgatory, overcritical, rebuking, recriminative, CROSS (Intersect), verb bisect, braid, crisscross, cross-
reprehensive, reproachful, reprobative, reproving, scarify- cut, cut across, divide, go across, halve, intercross, inter-
ing, scathing, scolding, severe, taunting, ultracritical, un- rupt, intersect, lie across, move across, section, segment,
complimentary, upbraiding separate, split, traverse

CRITICAL JUNCTURE, noun boiling point, breaking CROSS-EXAMINATION, noun asking questions,
point, climax, corner, crossroads, deadlock, dilemma, dire challenge, checking, cross interrogation, cross question-
strait, emergency, fix, flash point, happening, head, hot, ing, enquiry, evidence-seeking, examination, exploration,
impasse, landmark, milestone, situation, stalemate, turning formulating questions, grilling, inquest, inquiry, inquisi-
point, zero hour tion, interpellation, interrogation, investigation, leading
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: timing to settle a case inquiry, minute examination, probe, prosecution, query,
quest, questioning, reexamination, scrutiny, search, search
CRITICAL POINT, noun benchmark, bookmark, critical into facts, searching inquiry, trial
point, crux, essence, essential matter, fundamental part, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: right to cross-examine, scope of
gist, gravamen, heart, key point, linchpin, main point, ma- cross-examination
terial point, milestone, pivotal point, prime issue, salient
point, substance, substantive point, turning point CROSS-EXAMINE, verb ask questions, catechize,
challenge, check, cross interrogate, cross question, exam-
CRITICISM, noun abuse, accusation, admonition, ad- ine, ferret out, grill, inquire of, interpellate, interrogate,
verse comment, analysis, animadversion, aspersion, petition, probe, query, question, quiz, reexamine, subject
blame, carping, caviling, censure, charge, chiding, com- to examination
mentary, complaining, complaint, condemnation, contra- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: cross-examination limited to the
vention, critical examination, critical remarks, critique, de- scope of the direct examination, direct examination, im-
nunciation, deprecation, depreciation, derogation, peachment, right to cross-examine
detraction, disapproval, discommendation, disdain, dis-
paragement, dispraise, disvaluation, exception, expostula- CROSS-PURPOSES, noun adverseness, antonym, at
tion, fault finding, grievance, grumbling, imputation, in- variance, clashing, contention, contradiction, difference of
dictment, insinuation, iudicium, lecture, objection, opinion, difficulty, disagreement, discord, disparity, in op-
obloquy, odium, opposition, opprobrium, protestation, position, misunderstanding, odds, variance

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ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: at cross-purposes with the intent of malign, malignant, merciless, oppressive, painful, pitiless,
the law punishing, relentless, remorseless, ruthless, sadistic, sa-
tanic, savage, severe, spiteful, tortuous, treacherous, ty-
CROSS-QUESTIONING, noun close inquiry, cross- rannical, unbenevolent, uncompassionate, unfeeling, un-
examination, cross-interrogation, exploration, inquiry, in- kind, unmerciful, unnatural, unpitying, unrelenting,
spection, interrogation, investigation, probe, query, ques- unsympathetic, unsympathizing, vicious
tioning, reexamination, review, scrutiny ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: cruel and abusive treatment, cruel
and barbarous treatment, cruel and inhuman punishment,
CROSS SECTION, noun average, characterization, cruel and inhuman treatment, cruel and unusual punish-
composite representation, embodiment, epitome, exam- ment, cruel disposition, cruel treatment
ple, exemplar, exempli gratia, exemplification, exemplum,
fair sample, locus classicus, norm, part exemplifying a CRUELTY, noun atrocity, austerity, barbarity, barba-
mass, part exemplifying a number, profile, random sam- rousness, bloodthirstiness, brutality, brutalness, brutish-
ple, representation, representative sampling, representa- ness, crudelitas, cruel act, cruel conduct, deliberate mal-
tive section, representative selection, sample ice, deviltry, enmity, ferity, ferociousness, ferocity,
fierceness, harshness, heartlessness, ill nature, ill usage,
CROSSROAD (Intersection), noun confluence, con- ill will, infliction of pain, inhumanity, intolerance, malice,
juncture, cross-way, crossing, crossways, four corners, in- malice aforethought, malice prepense, maliciousness, ma-
terchange, intercrossing, intersecting road, intersection, lignance, malignancy, malignity, mercilessness, oppression,
joining road, junction, vertex outrage, persecution, rancor, relentlessness, remorseless-
ness, ruthlessness, savageness, savagery, severity, spite,
CROSSROAD (Turning point), noun calm before a sternness, torture, tyranny, uncompassionateness, un-
storm, climacteric, climax, conjuncture, crisis, critical mo- kindness, unremorsefulness, viciousness, victimization,
ment, critical period, critical point, crossways, crowning violence
point, crucial moment, culmination, decisive moment, di- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: cruelty of treatment, cruelty to ani-
viding point, eleventh hour, floodgate, hinge, hour of deci- mals, cruelty to children, extreme cruelty, habitual cruelty,
sion, juncture, landmark, line of demarcation, meeting of mental cruelty, unneccessary cruelty
events, milestone, pivot, point of no return, relapse, turn,
turn of the tide, watershed, well-chosen moment, well- CRY (Call out), verb appeal, call, demand, exclaim
timed initiative want, moan, need, outcry, require, wail, yearn

CROWNING (Best), adjective absolute, capping, cardi- CRY (Shed tears), verb grieve, howl, lament, mourn,
nal, chief, definitive, dominant, foremost, heading, leading, sob, wail, weep, whimper, whine
main, master, paramount, preeminent, preponderant, pre-
vailing, prime, principal, stellar, super, superlative, supreme, CRYPTIC, adjective ambiguous, arcane, befogged,
surmounting, topping, ultimate cloudy, dark, deep, Delphic, double-edged, elliptical, enig-
matic, fuzzy, impenetrable, imponderable, inscrutable,
CROWNING (Ending), adjective climaxing, closing, murky, mysterious, mystic, nebulous, obscure, occult,
concluding, consummatory, culminating, final, finishing, opaque, shadowy, shrouded, unaccountable, uncertain,
last, terminating vague

CRUCIAL, adjective acute, climacteric, conclusive, CRYSTALLIZE, verb accumulate, amalgamate, arrange
consequential, critical, deciding, decisive, definitive, deter- itself, assume a pattern, assume definite characteristics, be
mining, essential, exigent, final, grave, imperative, impor- solid, become a reality, become definite, become delin-
tant, influential, instant, material, momentous, of moment, eated, become firm, become settled, become solid, be-
of note, of supreme importance, pivotal, pressing, severe, come visible, bring together, cement, coagulate, cohere,
significant, supreme, urgent, valuable, vital combine, come together, compact, compress, condense,
conglomerate, consolidate, develop, eventuate, fall into
CRUCIAL POINT, noun conclusive point, conclusory line, fashion, form, form a core, formulate, set, shape up,
point, convincing point, cornerstone, crisis, critical mo- solidify, take form, take on character, take order, take
ment, crossroads, definitive point, determinative point, shape, thicken, unfold, unify
determining point, hour of decision, impelling point, junc-
ture, key point, landmark, main point, optimum point, CUDGEL, noun arm, baculum, bar, bastinado, bat, bat-
proof positive, turning point tering ram, billy, blackjack, bludgeon, cane, club, cosh,
deadly device, deadly weapon, deterrent, ferule, fustis,
CRUDE, adjective basic, boorish, homespun, impure, instrument for use in combat, instrument of war, lethal in-
natural, primitive, raw, rough, rude, simple, uncompli- strument, lethal weapon, mallet, means of offense, night
cated, undeveloped, undressed, unfiltered, unfinished, un- stick, pole, shillelagh, staff, stick, truncheon, war hammer,
polished, unprocessed, unrefined, unsophisticated, un- weapon
treated ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: deadly weapons

CRUEL, adjective acrimonious, agonizing, atrocious, CULL, verb accumulate, amass, carpere, choose, col-
barbarous, blood-thirsty, brutal, cold, cold-blooded, cold- lect, decerpere, gather, glean, legere, make a selection, pick,
hearted, crudelis, demoniacal, devilish, diabolical, dis- pick out, pluck, round up, select, separate, sift, single out,
tressing, evil-minded, ferocious, fiendish, fierce, hard, sort out, winnow
hardhearted, harsh, heartless, hellish, ill-intentioned, ill-
natured, ill-willed, implacable, indifferent to suffering, in- CULMINATE, verb accomplish, cap, climax, close,
human, inhumane, insensitive, malevolent, malicious, complete, conclude, consummate, crown, effect, end,

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execute, finish, reach a peak, reach the highest point, reach CUNNING, adjective acute, artful, astute, beguiling,
the zenith, terminate, top cagey, canny, circular, clandestine, crafty, deceitful, deceiv-
ing, deceptive, designing, devious, dexterous, dodgy,
CULMINATION, noun acme, apex, apogee, cap, cli- double-dealing, evasive, foxy, guileful, ingenious, insidi-
max, crest, crown, crowning touch, head, height, highest ous, insincere, keen, Machiavellian, manipulative, mischie-
point, peak, pinnacle, summit, top, topmost point, utmost vous, roundabout, sharp, shifty, shrewd, slick, slippery, sly,
height, zenith smart, smooth, sneaky, streetwise, subtle, tricky, under-
handed, unscrupulous, wily, with guile
CULPABILITY, noun blame, blameworthiness, censur-
ableness, chargeableness, criminality, delinquency, dere- CURATIVE, adjective analeptic, corrective, emendatory,
liction, failure in duty, fault, guilt, guiltiness, improbity, healing, relieving, remedial, reparative, restorative, therapeutic
misbehavior, misconduct, misdoing, peccability, peccancy,
remissness, reprehensibility, reproachableness, transgres- CURB, verb arrest, brake, check, control, delay, detain,
sion, wrongdoing govern, harness, hinder, hold back, hold in check, hold up,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS : culpable recklessness, culpably impede, inhibit, keep within limits, limit, mitigate, moder-
negligent ate, muzzle, obstruct, prohibit, repress, restrain, retard,
snub, stay, suppress, temper, throttle down, trammel, yoke
CULPABLE, adjective accusable, at fault, blamable,
blameworthy, censurable, chargeable, condemnable, con- CURE, noun antidote, antipoison, antitoxin, assuager,
victable, criminal, criminous, culpandus, delinquent, de- balm, catholicon, corrective, counteractant, elixir, emol-
serving blame, deserving censure, discreditable, dishonest, lient, healing agent, medical treatment, medicament,
disorderly, dissolute, encroaching, felonious, guilty, having medicine, method of treatment, palliative, panacea, recov-
violated the law, improper, in error, in the wrong, indict- ery, recuperation, redress, relief, remedy, restoration to
able, indiscreet, lawbreaking, lawless, meriting censure, health, restorative, salve, sanatio, successful remedial
meriting condemnation, misdemeanant, peccant, punish- treatment, therapeutic, tonic
able, responsible, transgressing, unrighteous, worthy of
blame, wrong CURE, verb ameliorate, apply a remedy, correct, doctor,
effect a cure, heal, improve, make well, make whole, mederi,
CULPRIT. noun bad actor, blackhander, convict, crimi- medicate, meliorate, mend, minister to, nurse, palliate, recall
nal, crook, culprit, delinquent, derelict, evildoer, felon, fugi- to life, reclaim, recover, rectify, recuperate, redeem, redress,
tive, guilty party, guilty person, hoodlum, hustler, law- regenerate, rehabilitate, rejuvenate, relieve, relieve of some-
breaker, malefactor, malfeasant, miscreant, misdoer, thing detrimental, remedy, renew, repair, restore, resuscitate,
misfeasor, offender, outlaw, perpetrator, racketeer, rapscal- revive, revivify, right, salve, sanare, soothe, treat
lion, recidivist, reprobate, sinner, transgressor, trespasser, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: cured by verdict, curing defect, cur-
villain, violator, wrongdoer ing error, curing title, opportunity to cure

CULTIVATE, verb advance, colere, develop, elevate, CURIOSITY, noun concern, eagerness, eavesdrop-
enrich, farm, forward, foster, further, garden, improve, ping, having a probing mind, inquiring mind, inquiry, in-
make better, nourish, nurture, polish, prepare for crops, quisitiveness, interest, intrusiveness, investigation, med-
promote, rarefy, refine, till, train, work dlesome, meddling, muckraking, newsmongering,
nosiness, obtrusiveness, officiousness, probe, questioning,
CUMULATION, noun accession, accretion, accrue- regard, rubbernecking, searching, snooping, thirsty for in-
ment, accumulation, acervation, acquisition, addition, ag- formation, wonderment
glomerate, agglomeration, aggregate, aggregation, amass-
ment, ammount accrued, assemblage, assembly, CURRENCY, noun bank notes, bills, cash, circulating
attroupement, augmentation, bringing together, build up, medium, coin, government notes, hard cash, legal tender,
bulk, collection, compilation, concentration, conglomerate, medium of exchange, moneta, money, money in actual
conglomeration, congregation, glomeration, growth by use, notes, paper money, ready money, specie
addition, mass, pile, reserve, stock, stockpile, storage, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: lawful currency
store, supply
CURRENT, adjective being done, belonging to the
CUMULATIVE (Increasing), adjective accruing, accu- time, concurrent, contemporaneous, contemporary, cus-
mulative, added together, additional, additive, additory, tomary, existent, existing, hic, immediate, in fashion, in
advancing, becoming greater, becoming larger, broadening, style, in the fad, in vogue, instant, latest, latter day, new,
continually increasing, enlarging, ever-widening, expand- occurring, of the moment, of the present, of this date, of
ing, flourishing, growing, growing by successive additions, today’s date, popular, present, present day, prevailing,
incremental, lengthening, multiplying, on the increase, pil- prevalent, recent, revised, stylish, topical, up-to-date, up-
ing up, strengthening, successively gaining in force, succes- to-the-minute, usitatus, widespread
sively waxing in force, swelling, thriving, widening ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: current account, current assets, cur-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: cumulative criminal acts, cumulative rent basis, current business expenses, current debts, cur-
sentences, cumulative voting rent events, current expenditures, current market value,
current obligations, current operating expenses, current
CUMULATIVE (Intensifying), adjective accelerating, rate of exchange, currently distributable
aggravative, amplifying, augmentative, becoming more
intense, boosting, concentrating, deepening, enhancing, CURRICULUM, noun agenda, compendium, course,
escalating, exaggerating, extending, heightening, inten- course of study, discipline, plan, program, prospectus,
sive, magnifying, maximizing, multiplying, quickening, schedule, seminar, study, syllabus
sharpening, strengthening ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: continuing legal education

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CURSE (Expletive), noun inappropriate language, ob- jurisdiction, keeping, management, preservation, preserva-
scenity, off-color language, profanity, swear, vulgarism tion from harm, preservation from injury, protection, regula-
tion, safeguard, safekeeping, stewardship, superintendence,
CURSE (Imprecation), noun anathema, bad luck, cen- trusteeship, wardship, watch
sure, condemnation, denouncement, execration, hex, im- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: custody and control, custody decree,
precation, jinx, malediction, malison, spell custody of children, custody of property, custody order,
custody proceeding, guardianship
CURSORY, adjective apathetic, brief, careless, casual,
desultory, hasty, heedless, hurried, immethodical, inatten- CUSTOM, noun ceremony, characteristic way, com-
tive, incautious, indifferent, lax, offhand, passing, perfunc- mon usage, consuetude, convention, conventionalism,
tory, quick, rapid, regardless, shallow, short, slapdash, conventionality, course of business, dictates of society,
slipshod, speedy, summary, superficial, surface, thought- established way of doing things, etiquette, familiar way,
less, undiscerning, unmindful, unthorough fashion, fashionableness, formality, habit, habit of a ma-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: cursory examination jority, habitual activity, habitual practice, habituation,
habitude, institution, manner, matter of course, obser-
CURTAIL, verb abate, abbreviate, abridge, clip, cut, cut vance, ordinary manner, practice, prescribed form, pre-
down, cut short, decrease, diminish, halt, lessen, lop, make vailing taste, prevalence, rite, ritual, routine, routine
smaller, minuere, pare, pare down, reduce, retrench, procedure, social usage, style, tradition, traditionalism,
shorten, subtract, trim traditionality, unwritten law, usage, usual manner, vogue,
wont, wontedness
CURTAILMENT, noun abatement, abbreviation, abbre- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: custom of merchants, custom or
viature, abridgment, compression, condensation, constric- practice, custom or usage, general custom, local customs,
tion, contraction, cut-back, cutting down, cutting off, de- usual course and custom, waiver by custom
clension, decline, decrease, decrescence, depression, FOREIGN PHRASES: Servanda est consuetudo loci ubi
deprivation, diminishment, diminution, divestment, elimi- causa agitur. The custom of the place where the action
nation, lessening, minimization, modification, privation, is brought should be observed. In contractibus, tacite
reduction, retrenchment, shortening, shrinkage, subduc- insunt quae sunt moris et consuetudinis. In contracts,
tion, subtraction, trimming matters of custom and usage are tacitly implied.
Consuetudo tollit communem legem. Custom super-
CURTILAGE, noun court, courtyard, enclosure, fenced, sedes the common law. Consuetudo non trahitur in
garden, land, yard consequentiam. Custom is not drawn into conse-
quence. Consuetudo manerii et loci observanda est.
CUSTODIAL, adjective cared for, carefully watched, Custom of a manor and a locality is to be observed.
caretaking, keeping, protected, protecting, protective, re- Consuetudo est optimus interpres legum. Custom is
straining, safe, screened, sheltering, shielding, tutelary, the best interpreter of the laws. Consuetudo est altera
watched lex. Custom is another law. Consuetudo contra ratio-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: custodial interference nem introducta potius usurpatio quam consuetudo
appellari debet. A custom introduced contrary to rea-
CUSTODIAN (Protector), noun champion, curator, de- son ought rather to be called a usurpation than a custom.
fender, guardian, keeper, manager, overlooker, overseer Ratio est formalis causa consuetudinis. Reason is the
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: custodian of assets, gratuitous custo- source and cause of custom. Quae praeter consuetudi-
dian nem et morem majorum fiunt neque placent neque
FOREIGN PHRASES: Nemo alienae rei, sine satisdatione, recta videntur. Things which are done contrary to the
defensor idoneus intelligitur. No one is considered a custom and manner of our ancestors neither please nor
competent defender of another’s property, without appear right. Optimus interpres rerum usus. Usage is
security. the best interpreter of things. Optima est legis inter-
pres consuetudo. Custom is the best interpreter of the
CUSTODIAN (Warden), noun caretaker, jailer law. Omne jus aut consensus fecit, aut necessitas
constituit aut firmavit consuetudo. Every right is ei-
CUSTODIANSHIP, noun captivity, care, charge, confine- ther derived from consent, established by necessity, or
ment, constraint, custody, detention, durance, guardianship, confirmed by custom. Minime mutanda sunt quae cer-
incarceration, restraint, retention, safekeeping tam habuerunt interpretationem. Those matters which
have had a certain interpretation are to be altered as lit-
CUSTODY (Incarceration), noun arrest, arrestment, tle as possible. Obtemperandum est consuetudini ra-
bondage, bounds, captivity, circumscription, commitment, tionabili tanquam legi. A reasonable custom is to be
confinement, constraint, detention, durance, enthrallment, obeyed like law. Malus usus abolendus est. A bad cus-
fetter, holding, immuration, immurement, impoundment, tom is to be abolished. Consuetudo volentes ducit, lex
imprisonment, limitation, restraint, restriction, safekeeping, nolentes trahit. Custom leads the willing, the law com-
thralldom pels the unwilling. Consuetudo vincit communem
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: arrest, bail, constructive custody, legem. Custom overrules the common law. In consue-
hold in custody, parole, probation tudinibus, non diuturnitas temporis sed soliditas ra-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Fortior est custodia legis quam homi- tionis est consideranda. In customs, not lapse of time,
nis. The custody of the law is stronger than that of man. In but the soundness of reason should be considered.
custodia legis. In the custody of the law. Consuetudo semel reprobata non potest amplius in-
duci. Custom once disallowed cannot again be invoked.
CUSTODY (Supervision), noun act of protecting, admin- Consuetudo praescripta et legitima vincit legem. A
istration, aegis, auspices, carcer, care, charge, control, prescriptive and lawful custom prevails over the law.
custodia, custodianship, direction, guardianship, guidance, Consuetudo neque injuria oriti neque tolli potest.

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Custom can neither arise from nor be abolished by a in, quit, rein, rein in, remove, sever, sever ties, shut off,
wrongful act. Consuetudo loci observanda est. The squash, squelch, stop, suspend, take a break, take a respite,
custom of a locality is to be observed. Consuetudo, licet terminate
sit magnae auctoritatis, nunquam tamen, praejudi- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: latches, statute of limitations
cat manifestae veritati. A custom, though it be of great
authority, should never be prejudicial to manifest truth. CUT OUT, verb ban, bar, black out, cut away, debar,
Consuetudo ex certa causa rationabili usitata privat delete, divide, edit, eliminate, except, excise, exclude,
communem legem. A custom, based on a certain and forbid, omit, rearrange, remove, repress, resist, restrain,
reasonable cause, supersedes the common law. rule out, scissor out, separate, sever, stop, toll, truncate
Consuetudo et communis assuetudo vincit legem non
scriptam, si sit specialis; et interpretatur legem CY PRES, adverb as near as may be, as near as practi-
scriptam, si lex sit generalis. Custom and common cable, as near as possible
usage override the unwritten law, if it be special; and
interprets the written law, if the law be general. CYBERBULLYING, noun e-bullying, electronic harass-
ment, information highway bullying, information super-
CUSTOMARY, adjective accustomed, acknowledged, highway bullying, Internet bullying, intimidator on the web,
boilerplate, common, commonplace, consuetudinary, net bullying, network bullying, online bullying, web bully-
continued, conventional, current, daily, established, ev- ing, World Wide Web bullying
eryday, expected, favorite, fixed, formal, frequent, gen-
eral, habitual, inveterate, longstanding, natural, normal, CYBERCRIME, noun a criminal offense on the Web, a
ordinary, orthodox, popular, prescriptive, prevailing, criminal offense regarding the Internet, a violation of law
prevalent, pro forma, recognized, regular, repeated, right, on the Internet, an illegality committed with regard to the
routine, standard, stipulated, stock, systematic, time- Internet, breach of law on the Internet, computer crime,
honored, traditional, typical, understood, universal, usual, contravention through the web, corruption regarding
wonted Internet, criminal activity on the Internet, disrupting opera-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: customary despatch, customs and tions through malevolent programs on the Internet, e-
usages, customs court crime, electric crime, Internet crime, sale of contraband on
the Internet, stalking victims on the Internet, theft of iden-
CUSTOMARY USE, adjective accepted usage, accus- tify on the Internet
tomed use, common use, conventional practice, customary ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: copyright theft through cybercrime,
application, established application, established employ- cyberlaws, cyber-stalking, hacking, privacy
ment, everyday use, general use, habitual use, normal use,
ordinary and reasonable use, ordinary use, popular use, CYBERTERRORISM, noun attacks on computer net-
prevalent practice, prevailing use, regular use, routine use, works, computer terrorism, cybercrime, disruption of com-
standard practice, the norm, ubiquitous use, universal ap- puter networks, information highway terrorism, Internet
plication, usual practice, widespread application terrorism, massive harm to the information system, online
terrorism, terrorism on the net, terrorism through the web,
CUSTOMER, noun acceptor, bargainer, bidder, busi- use of viruses to disrupt computer networks, wholesale
ness contact, buyer, buyer of labor, client, consumer, emp- destruction of computer networks
tor, investor, leaser, lessee, one of the clientele, one of the
purchasing public, patron, prospect, purchaser, purchaser CYCLE, noun age, alternation, circle, circuit, circulus,
of goods from another, redeemer, share buyer, shopper, consecution, course, eon, epoch, era, flow, period, pro-
taker, user, vendee gression, recurrence, recurring period, regular return, regu-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: buyer in the ordinary course of busi- larity of recurrence, repetitiveness, revolution, rotation,
ness, cash customer, customer in ordinary course of business, round, sequence, succession
duty to customers, interference with customers, loss of cus-
tomers, occasional customer, solicitation of customers CYNICAL, adjective acrimonious, apt to distrust, arro-
gant, caustic, cavalier, censorious, condemnatory, contemp-
CUT (Edit), verb abbreviate, cancel, chop, cross out, tuous, contumelious, critical, decrying, defamatory, defeat-
delete, elide, eliminate, eradicate, erase, excise, expunge, ist, denunciatory, derisive, derogative, derogatory,
obliterate, reconfigure, redact, redline, remove, rewrite, despising, disapproving, disdainful, disillusioned, disparag-
strike, tear apart, wipe out ing, disposed to doubt, distrustful, distrusting the motives of
others, doubtful, doubting, dubious, fault-finding, haughty,
CUT (Injure), verb break, cause an abrasion, incise, lac- holding a low opinion of mankind, inconvincible, indisposed
erate, rip, rupture, score, slash, slice, slit, tear, wound to believe, misanthropic, mistrustful, mocking, mordax,
pessimistic, questioning, ridiculing, sarcastic, sarcastical,
CUT (Reduce), verb abbreviate, abridge, clip, condense, sardonic, scoffing, scornful, skeptical, sneering, supercilious,
crop, curtail, cut back, decrease, diminish, downgrade, suspecting, suspicious, unbelieving, untrustful
downsize, dwindle, lessen, lower, mark down, minimize,
pare, portion, prune, ration, shave, take, trim CYNICISM, noun acerbity, acidity, annoyance, antago-
nism, bitterness, causticity, causticness, censure, chariness,
CUT (Stop), verb block, discontinue, end, halt, obstruct, contempt, dark side, dejection, depression, displeasure,
pull the plug, repress, sever, silence, suppress distrust, doubt, dubiety, gloom, hopelessness, ill feeling, ill
will, incredulity, irony, irritability, jealousy, malice, misan-
CUT OFF, verb annul, arrest, block, blockade, break, thropy, mockery, nonbelief, peevishness, pessimism, ran-
break off, break up, can, cease, clamp down, complete, cor, resentment, rise, sarcasm, scoffing, skepticism, sneer-
conclude, cut off, cut out, dam, delay, demolish, desist, ing, spite, suspicion, umbrage, uncertainty, vehemence,
destroy, discontinue, drop, end, halt, hinder, impede, pack wariness

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DAILY, adjective accustomed, common, diurnal, estab- hurt, impair, incapacitate, injure, lacerate, lay waste, maim,
lished, habitual, ordinary, quotidian, quotidie, regular, rou- make unsound, malign, maltreat, mangle, mar, mutilate, per-
tine, usual vert, pollute, prejudice, ravage, ruin, sabotage, scathe, spoil,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: daily attendance, daily balance, daily stain, taint, tamper with, trample on, traumatize, vandalize,
occupation, daily output, daily publication, daily rate of violate, vitiate, weaken, wound, wreck, wrong
pay, daily wages ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: damage from negligence, damage to
goods, destruction, estimated damage, latent damage, loss,
DAMAGE, noun adversity, affliction, aggravation, casu- mitigation of damages, opportunity to repair, patent damage,
alty, declination, decline, decrement, depravation, deprecia- permanent damage, recovery for damage, water damage
tion, destruction, deterioration, detriment, dilaceration, dim-
inution, disrepair, exacerbation, grievance, hardship, harm, DAMAGES, noun amends, compensation, costs, ex-
hurt, impairment, infliction, injury, loss, ruin, ruination, spoil- penses, expiation, fine, indemnification, indemnity, injury,
ing, vexation, vitiation, weakening, wreck, wrong just compensation, legal costs, legal liability, loss, penalty,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: actual loss, ad damnum clause, aggra- recompense, recovery, reimbursement, remuneration for
vation of damages, business damage, conjectural damages, injury suffered, reparation, repayment for injury sustained,
consequential damages, contingent damages, damages repayment for loss, restitution, restoration
actually sustained, damages by fire, damages by the ele- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: actual loss, addamnum clause, additur,
ments, damages in contemplation of party, damages to aggravation of damages, amercement, apportionment of
land, damages to person, damages to property, damages damages, assessment of damages, civil damages, claim for
to realty, damnum absque injuria, excessive damages, damages, compensatory damages, conjectural damages,
exemplary damages, future damages, general damages, consequential damages, contingent damages, continuing
incidental damages, injuria absque damno, limitation of li- damages, damages accrued, damages actually sustained,
ability, liquidated damages, measure of damages, minimiz- damages to person, damages to property, damages to re-
ing damages, nominal damages, personal injury, property alty, damnum absque injuria, direct damages, division of
damage, punitive damages, remote damages, special dam- damages, duty to minimize damages, estimated damages,
ages, treble damages, unliquidated damages, unusual or excessive damages, exemplary damages, future damages,
extraordinary damage general damages, incidental damages, intervening dam-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Nemo damnum facit, nisi qui id fecit ages, irreparable damages, irreparable injury, lawful dam-
quod facere jus non habet. No one is considered as doing ages, limitation of liability, liquidated damages, measure of
damage, except he who does that which he has no right to damages, minimizing damages, mitigation of damages,
do. Nul sans damage avera error ou attaint. No one shall nominal damages, ordinary damages, pecuniary damages,
have error or attaint unless he has suffered damage. pecuniary loss, permanent damages, presumptive dam-
Ubicunque est injuria, ibi damnum sequitur. Wherever ages, property damage, prospective damages, proximate
there is a wrong, there damage follows. Quod quis ex damages, punitive damages, reasonable certainty of dam-
culpa sua damnum sentit non intelligitur damnum sen- ages, remote damages, special damages, speculative dam-
tire. He who incurs a damage by his own fault is not held to ages, substantial damages, treble damages, unliquidated
suffer damage. Damnum sine injuria esse potest. There damages
can be damage or injury inflicted without any act of injustice. FOREIGN PHRASES: Ubi damna dantur, victus victori in expen-
Actus legis nemini est damnosus. An act of the law shall sis condemnari debet. Where damages are given, the los-
prejudice no one. ing party ought to be condemned to pay costs to the victor.

DAMAGE, verb abase, abuse, blemish, blight, break, DAMAGING, adjective baneful, calamitous, calumni-
break down, bruise, cause detriment, cause injury, cause ous, caustic, contemptuous, corrosive, deleterious, de-
mischief, cheapen, contaminate, corrupt, cripple, crush, de- structive, detrimental, disadvantageous, disastrous, griev-
base, deface, defile, deform, degrade, demolish, destroy, ous, harmful, hurtful, incriminatory, inculpatory, inimical,
devalue, devastate, diminish, disable, disfigure, disparage, injurious, insalubrious, malefic, malevolent, malignant,
disrupt, disserve, do disservice to, do violence to, harm, mischievous, mordacious, noisome, noxious, outrageous,

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pejorative, pernicious, pestilent, poisonous, prejudicial, DANGEROUS CONDITION, noun crisis, dangerous situ-
ruinous, scathing, unfavorable, virulent, wanton, wasting ation, emergency, endangerment, hazard, imperilment,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: damaging testimony jeopardy, menace, ominousness, peril, pitfall, precarious-
ness, predicament, razor’s edge, threat, unhealthy situation
DAMPEN, verb abate, allay, alleviate, assuage, blunt, chas- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: dangerous drugs, dangerous instrumen-
ten, chill, constrain, control, cool, cushion, deaden, decrease, tality, dangerous per se, dangerous substance, dangerous
deject, depress, deter, diminish, discourage, dishearten, weapon, dangers of the sea, known and obvious dangers
dispirit, dull, lessen, mitigate, moderate, modulate, muffle,
mute, palliate, quench, reduce, repress, restrain, smother, DARING, adjective adventurous, audacious, blunt,
sober, soften, stifle, subdue, suppress, tame, temper, weaken brave, brazen, challenging, chivalrous, courageous, daunt-
less, defiant, disregardful, doughty, enterprising, fearless,
DAMPER (Depressant), noun backset, bleakness, cheer- flagrant, foolhardy, forthright, gallant, hardy, heroic, hot-
lessness, chill, cloud, crushed spirits, depressing influence, blooded, impulsive, intrepid, lionhearted, mettlesome,
discouragement, disheartener, downheartedness, feeling of outspoken, plucky, presumptuous, rash, reckless, reveal-
dejection, feeling of depression, gloom, glumness, heaviness, ing, resolute, self-reliant, shameless, showy, Spartan, spir-
heaviness of spirit, joylessness, lack of spirit, lack of warmth, ited, stalwart, unabashed, unblushing, undaunted, unflinch-
letdown, low spirits, pessimism, sadness, setback, shadow, ing, valiant, valorous, venturesome, virile
unhappiness
DARING, noun adventurousness, audaciousness, au-
DAMPER (Stopper), noun bar, barricade, barrier, block, dacity, backbone, boldness, bravado, bravery, bravura,
blockage, bridle, check, clog, control, cork, curb, delay, chivalry, defiance, disregard, élan, enterprise, fearlessness,
determent, deterrent, difficulty, disadvantage, discourage- firmness, foolhardiness, fortitude, gallantry, grit, heart,
ment, encumbrance, hamper, hindrance, hitch, impedi- heroism, mettle, nerve, overboldness, presumption, prow-
ment, impedition, inhibition, interference, interruption, ess, rashness, spirit, spunk, valor
limitation, muffler, obstacle, obstruction, occlusion, oppila-
tion, plug, preclusion, prevention, rein, restraint, restric- DARK, adjective angry, black, bleak, clouded, covert,
tion, retardation, snag, stoppage, stopper, stopple depressing, depressive, dim, evil, gloomy, miserable,
moody, murky, mysterious, nasty, occlusive, shadowy,
DANGER, noun assailability, crisis, defenselessness, dis- shady, sinister, threatening, unhappy
crimen, exposure to harm, hazard, helplessness, imperil-
ment, jeopardy, lack of protection, lack of safety, liability to DARK (Devoid of light), adjective absent of light, bereft
injury, menace, nonimmunity, penetrability, periculum, of light, black, darkened, darkish, dim, drab, ill-lighted,
peril, perilousness, precariousness, pregnability, risk, sus- poorly lit, shaded, somber, sunless, unlighted, without light
ceptibility, threat, unguardedness, vincibility, vincibleness,
DARK (Dismal), adjective cheerless, clouded, dejected,
vulnerability
depressed, dim, disconsolate, doleful, dolorous, grim, joy-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: apparent danger, appreciation of dan-
less, melancholy, sad, solemn, somber, sorrowful, sullen
ger, assumption of risk, avoidance of danger, clear and
present danger, danger invites rescue doctrine, danger DARK (Evil), adjective base, demoniac, demonic, de-
signal, danger zone, foreseeable dangers, hidden danger, plorable, diabolical, immoral, inexorable, infamous, iniqui-
imminent danger, impending danger, inherent danger, in- tous, mean, mean spirited, menacing, peccant, pernicious,
trinsic danger, knowledge of danger, known danger, latent sinfully malevolent, sinister, terrifying, untoward, vicious,
danger, obvious danger, obvious risks, patent danger, un- vile, villainous, wicked
avoidable danger, unnecessary exposure to danger, zone of
apprehendable danger DATA, noun back-up, documents, evidence, facts,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Periculosum existimo quod bonorum grounds, information, logic, papers, proof, specifics
virorum non comprobatur exemplo. I think that danger-
ous which is not approved by the example of good men. DATABASE, noun catalog, computer base of informa-
tion, computer file, computer storage, memory
DANGEROUS, adjective alarming, assailable, attended Generally: cyberspace, record, records, registry
with risk, baleful, baneful, beset with danger, breakneck,
causing danger, deadly, destructive, disastrous, explosive, DATE, noun assigned time, day, day of the week, dies,
exposed to risk, fearsome, fraught with danger, fraught with marked time, moment, particular point of time, period,
peril, full of risk, harmful, hazardous, hurtful, injurious, in- period of time, point of time, specified period of time, tem-
volving risk, likely to harm, maleficent, malignant, menac- pus, time, time during which anything occurs
ing, minatory, ominous, perilous, pestiferous, risky, serious, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: antedating, certainty of date, date certain,
threatening, treacherous, unprotected, unreliable, unsafe, date of acceptance, date of acknowledgment, date of applica-
unsheltered, unstable, unsteady, unstrengthened, untrust- tion, date of appointment, date of availability, date of award,
worthy, venomous, vicious, viperine, viperous, virulent date of birth, date of commencement of action, date of death,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: attractive nuisance, danger to the com- date of default, date of enactment, date of execution, date of
munity, dangerous animal, dangerous business, dangerous final judgment, date of injury, date of issue, date of loss, date
condition, dangerous contraband, dangerous defect, dan- of maturity, date of notice, date of publication, date of sale,
gerous drug, dangerous employment, dangerous instru- date of taking, date on which a cause of action accrues, deliv-
ment, dangerous instrumentality, dangerous machinery, ery date, due date, effective date, expiration date, filing date,
dangerous occupation, dangerous or defective condition, future date, publication date, return date, termination date
dangerous place, dangerous premises, dangerous propen- FOREIGN PHRASES: In omnibus obligationibus in quibus
sities, dangerous structures, dangerous to health, danger- dies non ponitur, praesenti die debetur. In all obligations
ous to life, dangerous trap, dangerous weapon, deadly in which no time is designated for their payment, the obli-
weapon gation is due immediately.

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DATE, verb affix a date to, appoint the time of, ascertain DE MINIMUS, adjective inconsequential, insignificant,
the time of, assign a time to, calendar, chronologize, fix the meager, moderate, modest, negligible, of minor impor-
date, fix the time, furnish with a date, mark the time of, tance, of no account, paltry, petty, obscure, scanty, slight,
note the time of, reckon from some point in time, record, trifling, trivial, unworthy of serious consideration
register, rem tempore tribuere, rem tempori adsignare, set
the date, time DE NOVO, adverb afresh, again, anew, another time,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: postdate encore, freshly, from the beginning, new, newly, once more,
over, over again, revived, second time
DATE RAPE, noun acquaintance rape, committing a ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: de novo proceeding, hearing de novo,
rape while on a date, forced sexual intercourse on a date, trial de novo
forceful penetration while on a date, forcible rape on a date,
sexual assault and rape while on a date DEACTIVATE, verb change, decommission, defuse, de-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: consent, incapacitation, marital rape, mobilize, disarm, disband, disengage, dismantle, fix, undo,
physical resistance, sexual assault withdraw

DATED (Antiquated), adjective ancient, antiquated, DEAD, adjective at rest, bereft of life, breathless, buried,
antique, archaic, discontinued, not modern, obsolete, past, cadaverous, deceased, defunct, demised, departed, de-
preexisting, stale, superannuated, timeworn, used, vin- parted this life, deprived of life, destitute of life, devoid of
tage, waning, weathered, worn, worn out life, dormant, ended, exanimate, expired, extinct, extin-
guished, inactive, inert, lifeless, long gone, no longer living,
DATED (Date-stamped), adjective checked-in, embossed, not possessing life, passed away, still, terminated, without a
imprinted, logged-in, marked, recorded, sealed, stamped-in sign of life, without life, without the appearance of life
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: a date certain, acknowledgment, date ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: dead-born, next of kin, presumed
of injury, date of issue dead, surviving spouse, wrongful death
FOREIGN PHRASES: Datum. A date. A datu. From the date. A FOREIGN PHRASES: Cadaver nullius in bonis. A dead body is
die confectionis. From the date of the making (action no one’s property.
taken). A die datus. From the day of the actual date.
DEAD, noun corpse, the deceased, decedent, the de-
DAY (Morning), noun broad daylight, daylight, daylight funct, the departed, exanimis, exanimus, fatal casualty, fa-
hours, daytime, full day, full sun, light of day, sunlight hours tality, the late, the late lamented, mortuus
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: autopsy, dead-born, dead man’s stat-
DAY (24 Hours), noun date, during a 24-hour cycle, ute, decedent’s estates, next of kin, presumed dead, sur-
period from dawn to dark, solar day, time between sunrise viving spouse, wrongful death
and sunset, 24 hours FOREIGN PHRASES: Extra legem positus est civiliter mor-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: calendar day, day certain, day fixed for tuus. He who is placed outside the law is civilly dead.
trial, day in court, day of trial, day rule, day writ, grace day,
judicial day, natural day, work day DEAD SET, adjective ardent, decided, determined, de-
vout, dogged, dutiful, earnest, faithful, fervent, firm, fixed,
DAY IN COURT, noun action, case, complete lawsuit, fixed in purpose, intransigent, obdurate, passionate, purpose-
full chance, hearing, legal action, legal contest, legal trial, ful, relentless, resolute, resolved, settled, steadfast, tena-
litigation, occasion, opportunity, proceeding, trial cious, uncompromising, unfaltering, unswerving, unyielding,
zealous
DE FACTO, adjective absolutely, actual, actually, as a ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: dead set against changes in the law
matter of fact, authentic, bona fide, certain, demonstrable,
determinate, existent, existing, existing in fact, factual, genu- DEADLOCK, noun block, blockage, check, checkmate,
ine, in existence, in fact, in point of fact, in reality, positively, dead end, dead heat, dilemma, draw, drawn battle, drawn
present, real, substantive, tangible, true, truly, unquestion- game, frustration, impasse, insoluble difference, no decision,
able, valid, veritable, well-founded, well-grounded, with obstruction, paralysis, predicament, quandary, stalemate,
validity stand off, standstill, state of inaction, state of indecision,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: de facto administrator, de facto admis- state of inertia, state of neutralization, stoppage, stumbling
sions, de facto apprenticeship, de facto appropriation, de block, tie
facto authority, de facto board, de facto board of directors, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: deadlock breaking instructions, dead-
de facto contract, de facto contract of sale, de facto corpo- locked corporation, jury deadlocked, tie vote
ration, de facto court, de facto director, de facto dissolution,
de facto districts, de facto domicile, de facto government, DEADLY, adjective aiming to destroy, aiming to kill, an-
de facto guardian, de facto judge, de facto officer, de facto nihilating, attended with death, baleful, calamitous, capital,
trust, de facto trustee cataclysmic, consuming, dangerous, dangerous to life, death-
bringing, death-dealing, deathful, deathly, destroying, de-
DE JURE, adjective according to law, authorized, autho- structive, disastrous, envenomed, exitialis, fatal, feral, grave,
rized by law, by law, by order, by right of law, by statute, in homicidal, incurable, internecine, killing, lethal, lethiferous,
accordance with law, in accordance with the ordinance, in malignant, mephitic, miasmic, mortal, mortifer, mortiferous,
accordance with the statute, in the eyes of the law, lawful, murderous, noxious, perniciosus, pernicious, pestiferous, poi-
lawfully, legal, legally, legitimate, legitimately, licit, licitly, soned, poisonous, ruinous, sanguinary, seriously dangerous,
nomothetical, of right, sanctioned by law, within the law slaughterous, steeped in poison, stifling, suffocating, tending
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: de jure board, de jure corporation, de to cause death, toxic, toxicant, unhealthy, unsafe, venomous
jure director, de jure dissolution, de jure election, de jure ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: armed with a deadly weapon, assault
judge, de jure marriage, de jure office, de jure officer, de with a deadly weapon, deadly attack, deadly force, deadly
jure sovereignty, de jure title weapon, possession of a deadly weapon

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DEAL, noun agreement, arrangement, bargain, busi- deathbed will, homicide, in contemplation of death, injuries
ness transaction, commerce, commercial transaction, resulting in death, instantaneous death, last illness, life ex-
compromise, contract, exchange, merchantry, negotiation, pectancy, likely to produce death, mortality tables, natural
operation, pact, pledge, purchase, trade, transaction, un- death, penalty of death, presumption of death, presump-
derstanding tive death, proof of death, registration of death, right to die,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: agreement to sell or exchange, dealer, simultaneous death, sudden death, time of death, transfer
dealings, lump sum deal, trade deals in contemplation of death, unreasonable risk of death,
wrongful death
DEAL, verb bargain, barter, buy and sell, carry on negotia- FOREIGN PHRASES: Crimina morte extinguuntur. Crimes are
tions, commercialize, do business, do business with, drive a extinguished by death. Actio personalis moritur cum
trade, exchange, export and import, handle, have business persona. A personal action dies with the person.
relations, have commerce, have dealings with, have to do
with, make arrangements, market, merchandise, negotiate, DEATH PENALTY, verb capital punishment, corporal
open a trade, open an account with, sell, trade, trade with, punishment, death sentence, death warrant, punishment by
traffic, traffic in, turn over execution, ultimate penalty
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: agreement to sell or exchange, cessation ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: cruel and unusual punishment, death
of dealing, dealer, dealing and trading, dealing at arm’s warrant, Eighth Amendment, life in prison
length, dealing in, dealing in goods, dealing in property, deal-
ing in securities, dealings, trade deals, transacting business DEATH SENTENCE, verb capital punishment, condem-
nation, corporal punishment, death penalty, death warrant,
DEALER, noun agent, broker, businessman, businessper- verdict of guilty
son, chandler, changer, colporteur, commission agent, com- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: cruel and unusual punishment, death
mission man, conduit, consigner, exporter, factor, hawker, warrant, Eighth Amendment, life in prison
huckster, jobber, local representative, man of business, mer-
cator, merchandiser, merchant, middleman, monger, negoti- DEBACLE, noun adversity, blow, breakdown, calamity,
ator, one engaged in buying and selling, operator, packman, cataclysm, catastrophe, collapse, contretemps, crash, de-
packwoman, peddler, retailer, salesman, salesperson, sales- feat, demolishment, demolition, destruction, devastation,
woman, seller, shipper, shopkeeper, shopman, shopperson, disaster, disruption, dissolution, downfall, emergency, fail-
shopwoman, storekeeper, street vendor, trader, tradesman, ure, fall, fiasco, havoc, misadventure, mischance, misfor-
tradesperson, tradeswoman, trafficker, vendor, wholesale tune, mishap, overthrow, overturn, ravage, reverse, rout,
trader, wholesaler ruin, ruination, setback, smash, tragedy, upset, wreck
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: agent, authorized dealer, broker-dealer,
dealer at retail, dealer in goods, dealer in real estate, dealer DEBAR, verb abrogate, arrest, astrict, ban, bar, barri-
in securities, dealer’s talk, established dealer, merchant, retail cade, block, cancel, check, confine, constrain, countermand,
vendor or dealer, wares and merchandise, wholesale dealer curb, detain, deter, disallow, discourage, dispose of, dis-
suade, eliminate, embargo, enjoin, estop, exclude, ex-
DEALINGS, noun actions, activities, acts, affairs, arrange- cludere, excommunicate, forbid, forestall, gainsay, halt,
ments, barter, business, business intercourse, business trans- hamper, hinder, hold back, impede, inhibit, interdict, inter-
action, buying and selling, commerce, commercial enter- fere, limit, obstruct, occlude, outlaw, paralyze, preclude,
prise, commercial intercourse, contracts, deals, deeds, prevent, prohibere, prohibit, proscribe, refuse, remove, re-
doings, exchange, executions, intercourse, interests, manner strain, restrict, retard, revoke, shut out, stall, stifle, stop,
of conduct, matters, method of business, practice, proceed- stymie, suppress, suspend, trammel, veto, ward off, with-
ings, relations, trade, traffic, transactions, understandings, draw, withhold
undertakings
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: commercial dealings, continuous deal- DEBASE, verb abase, adulterate, bastardize, befoul,
ings, direct dealings, mutual dealings, unfair dealings cheapen, coarsen, contaminate, corrumpere, corrupt, de-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Scire debes cum quo contrahis. You bauch, defile, degrade, dehumanize, demoralize, deprave,
ought to know with whom you are dealing. depreciate, depress, desecrate, deteriorate, discredit, dis-
grace, dishonor, downgrade, foul, humble, humiliate, impair,
DEARTH, noun absence, caritas, deficiency, destitution, impair in worth, injure, lower, lower in value, pervert, pol-
exiguity, exiguousness, impoverishment, inadequacy, inade- lute, profane, reduce in quality, soil, stain, taint, tarnish, viti-
quateness, incompleteness, indigence, inopia, insufficiency, are, vitiate, vulgarize, weaken
lack, leanness, littleness, meagerness, need, paucity, penuria,
penury, pinch, poorness, poverty, privation, rareness, scanti- DEBATABLE, adjective admitting of doubt, ambiguous,
ness, scantness, scarceness, scarcity, short supply, shortage, arguable, at issue, baffling, capable of being debated,
smallness of number, sparsity, want, wantage changeable, confutable, conjecturable, conjectural, conten-
tious, contestable, controversial, controvertible, cryptic,
DEATH, noun cessation of life, decease, demise, depar- deniable, disposed to question, disputable, disputatious,
ture from life, dying, ebb of life, end of life, expiration, ex- doubtable, doubtful, dubious, dubitable, dubitative, enig-
tinction, extinguishment, failure of vital functions, fatality, matic, eristic, hard to believe, hypothetical, in dispute, in
loss of life, mortality, passing away, termination of life issue, in question, inconceivable, incredible, indecisive, in-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accidental death, capital punishment, definite, indeterminate, nebulous, obscure, open to debate,
causa mortis, cause of death, civil death, Dead Man’s open to discussion, open to dispute, open to doubt, open
Statute, death action, death benefits, death by accidental to question, open to suspicion, paradoxical, perplexing,
means, death by natural causes, death by violence, death possible, precarious, problematic, problematical, puzzling,
certificate, death gamble, death penalty, death resulting questionable, refutable, speculative, subject to argument,
from accident, death resulting from injury, death sentence, subject to contention, subject to contravention, subject to
death tax, death trap, death warrant, death without issue, controversy, suppositious, suspect, suspicious, theoretical,

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unaffirmed, unascertained, unbelievable, uncertain, uncon- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: action for debt, admission of debt,
firmed, undecided, undemonstrable, undemonstrated, antecedent debt, bad debt, bad debt loss, bona fide debt,
under discussion, under examination, undetermined, un- bonded debt, book debt, business debt, common debt,
fixed, unpredictable, unproven, unreliable, unresolved, contingent debt, continuing debt, contract debts, corpo-
unsettled, unsure, unsustainable, unsustained, unverifiable, rate debt, creating a debt, creation of a debt, debt against
up for discussion, up in the air, vague estate, debt arising on contract, debt by contract, debt by
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: debatable issue, debatable question loan, debt discharged, debt due, debt founded on con-
tract, debt incurred, debt instruments, debt not yet due,
DEBATE, verb agitate, altercate, argue, argue pros and debt of another, debt of bankrupt, debt of municipality,
cons, attempt to disprove, bandy, battle verbally, canvass, debt of record, debt owed, debt provable in bankruptcy,
confer with, confute, consider, consult with, contend, con- debt which is to become due, debtor and creditor, debts of
test, controvert, deliberate, disagree, discept, discuss, dis- deceased, dischargeable debt, equitable debt, evidence of
pute, engage in oral controversy, examine a question, ex- debt, evidence of indebtedness, existing debt, fiduciary debt,
amine by argument, moot, negotiate, ponder, present fixed debt, floating debt, fraudulent debt, funded debt,
reasons for and against, present varied opinions, ratioci- holder of debt, imprisonment for debt, inability to pay debts
nate, reason, refute, weigh, wrangle as they mature, just debt, lawful debt, liquidated debt,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: debates of Constitutional Convention, moral debt, mutual debts, nonpayment of debt, partner-
freedom of debate, legislative debate ship debt, pecuniary debt, preexisting debt, promise to
pay, provable debt, public debt, public debt limitations,
DEBAUCH, verb abuse, be intemperate, corrumpere, recovery of debt, secured debt, simple debt, situs of in-
corrupt, debase, degenerate, degrade, depravare, deprave, debtedness, unliquidated debt, unsecured debt, worthless
despoil, dissipate, lead astray, molest, pervert, ruin, stu- debt
prate, sully, violate, vitiare, vitiate FOREIGN PHRASES: Debita sequuntur personam debitoris.
Debts follow the person of the debtor. Debitor non prae-
DEBAUCHERY, noun bacchanalia, debauchment, dissi- sumitur donare. A debtor is not presumed to make debts.
pation, dissoluteness, excess, excessiveness, grossness, Reprobata pecunia liberat solventem. Money refused
immoderation, impudicity, incontinence, intemperance, releases the debtor. Nemo potest sibi debere. No one can
lasciviousness, lechery, lewdness, libertinage, libertinism, be indebted to himself. Incendium aere alieno non exuit
licentiousness, lust, obscenity, orgy, profligacy, salacity, debitorem. A fire does not discharge a debtor from his
seduction, stuprum, unrestraint debt. Id solum nostrum quod debitis deductis nostrum
est. That only is ours which remains to us after deduction of
DEBAUCHMENT, noun defilement, defloration, deflow- our debts. Chirographum non extans praesumitur solu-
ering, perversion, seduction, violation, vitiation tum. An evidence of debt not existing is presumed to have
been paid. Chirographum apud debitorem repertum
DEBENTURE, noun bond, negotiable instrument, paper praesumitur solutum. An evidence of debt found in the
money, pledge, title deed debtor’s hands is presumed to be paid. Annua nec debi-
tum judex non separat ipsum. A judge does not divide
DEBILITATE, verb cripple, denature, deprive of strength, annuities nor debt. In satisfactionibus non permittitur
devitalize, emasculate, enervate, enfeeble, eviscerate, ex- amplius fieri quam semel factum est. In settlements
haust, impair, incapacitate, injure, lessen, make feeble, make more must not be received than was received once for all.
languid, reduce, render weak, sap the strength of, under- Minus solvit, qui tardius solvit; nam et tempore minus
mine, weaken solvitur. He does not pay who pays too late; for from the
lapse of time, he is judged not to pay. In omnibus obliga-
DEBIT, noun amount due, amount payable, arrears, tionibus in quibus dies non ponitur, praesenti die deb-
bills, commitment, debt, deferred payment, expensum, in- etur. In all obligations in which no time is fixed for their
debtedness, liability, obligation, pecuniary due, sum owing, fulfillment, the obligation is due immediately.
that which is owed
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: debit agent, debit and credit system, DEBT LIMIT, noun borrowing limit, breaking point of
debit life insurance debt, debt ceiling, greatest limit of debt, largest debt, larg-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Perjuri sunt qui servatis verbis jura- est loan, maximum amount of debt, maximum debt, maxi-
menti decipiunt aures eorum qui accipiunt. They are mum funds to be loaned, maximum loan, outer limit of
perjured, who, by preserving the words of an oath, deceive debt, outer line of credit
the ears of those who receive it. Non decipitur qui scit se ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bankruptcy, fraudulent debt, insol-
decipi. A person is not deceived who knows she is being vency, interrogation, solvency
deceived. Fraus et dolus nemini patrocinari debent.
Fraud and deceit should not excuse anyone. DEBT SERVICE, noun carrying cost, charge, cost of the
loan, obligation, overhead payment, repayment
DEBRIEF, noun examine, gain information, gain knowl- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bankruptcy, fraudulent debt, insol-
edge, get briefing, inquire, interrogate, investigate, ques- vency, interrogation, solvency, usury
tion, quiz, scrutinize
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: counterintelligence, espionage, inter- DEBTOR, noun borrower, borrowing party, debtor,
rogation, terrorism defaulter, loanee, mortgagor, obligor, pledgor, responsi-
ble party
DEBT, noun account outstanding, account owing, aes ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accord and satisfaction, account
alienum, amount due, amount owing, arrearage, arrears, stated, assignment, bankruptcy, collection, compromise
balance owed, balance to pay, bill, debit, deferred pay- and settlement, debtor and credit, debtor and creditor re-
ment, deficit, encumbrance, indebtedness, liability, money lationship, execution, financial transactions, garnishment,
due, money owed, nonpayment, obligation, sum owed reorganization

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DEBUNK, verb cast doubt upon, decry, deflate, dero- dolus, double-dealing, duplicity, equivocation, fabrication,
gate, detract, disabuse, disdain, disenchant, disillusion, fallacia, fallaciousness, falseheartedness, falsehood, false-
disparage, expose, puncture, set right, undeceive ness, falsification, falsity, forgery, fraud, fraudulence, fraus,
furtiveness, indirection, insidiousness, insincerity, jugglery,
DEBUT, noun admission, appearance, beginning, birth, lying, mendacity, misrepresentation, perfidy, perjury, pre-
coming out, disclosure, entrance, entrée, first public tense, prevarication, sham, sneakiness, subreption, surrepti-
appearance, first step, immersion, inauguration, inception, in- tiousness, treachery, trickery, underhanded practice, under-
coming, initial appearance, initiation, introduction, issue, handedness, untruth, untruthfulness
launch, launching, opener, presentation, release, sanctification ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: action for fraud or deceit, discovery of
the fraud or deceit, fraud or deceit, misrepresentation
DECADENCE, noun abasement, decay, declension,
declination, decomposition, degeneracy, degeneration, DECEITFUL, adjective artificial, backhanded, beguiling,
degradation, deterioration, devolution, diminution, down- crafty, cunning, deceiving, deceptive, defrauding, delusive,
fall, downgrade, eclipse, fall, immorality, misconduct, nadir, delusory, devious, dishonest, double-dealing, duplicitous,
opulence, spoiling, turpitude fallacious, false, feigned, forged, fraudulent, guileful, hypo-
critical, insincere, knavish, lying, misleading, perfidious,
DECADENT, adjective breaking down, cankered, cor- shady, shifty, sneaking, sneaky, specious, treacherous,
rosive, corrupt, crumbling, debauched, decaying, declin- tricky, two-faced, underhand, underhanded, untrustworthy,
ing, decomposing, decrepit, degenerate, degenerating, untruthful, wily
depraved, deteriorated, deteriorating, dilapidated, disinte-
grating, effete, failing, falling, falling into ruin, feeble, im- DECEIVE, verb befool, beguile, belie, blind, cheat, chi-
moral, in decadence, in decline, moldering, moribund, on cane, circumvent, cog, cozen, decoy, defraud, delude, dis-
the wane, regressive, retrograde, retrogressive, rotting, semble, dissimulate, dupe, ensnare, entrap, fainaigue, fake,
shabby, sinking, spoiled, spoiling, unprogressive, wasting, falsify, fool, forswear, gull, hoax, hoodwink, humbug, in-
wasting away, weakened, withering, worn out trigue, inveigle, lie, misdirect, misguide, misinform, mis-
lead, misrepresent, mulct, practice chicanery, practice de-
DECAMP, verb abandon, become scarce, bolt, break camp, ception, prevaricate, snare, sneak, swindle, take advantage,
dash, depart, desert, disappear, emigrate, escape, evacu- trap, trick, victimize
ate, flee, fly, get out, hightail, hit the road, leave, make
tracks, migrate, move, remove, retire, retreat, run, run DECENTRALIZATION, noun apportionment, branch-
away, slip away, vacate, withdraw ing out, breakdown, delegation, diffusion, disbandment,
disintegration, disjoining, disjunction, dispersal, dispersion,
DECAY, verb addle, atrophy, be reduced in worth, be- dissipation, dissolution, distribution, division, fragmenta-
come enfeebled, become lower in quality, become putres- tion, partition, scattering, scission, section, separation,
cent, blight, break down, break up, canker, consume, cor- severance, subdivision
rode, corrupt, crumble, decline, decompose, decompound,
degenerate, depreciate, deteriorate, dilapidate, disintegrate, DECEPTION, noun artifice, beguilement, blind, bluff,
fade, fail, fall apart, fall to pieces, grow worse, languish, camouflage, charlatanry, cheat, chicane, chicanery, circum-
molder, putrefy, render putrid, retrograde, retrogress, rot, vention, con, counterfeit, cozenage, craft, craftiness, cun-
ruin, shrivel, sink, spoil, waste away, wear away, wither, ning, deceit, decoy, defraudation, defraudment, delusion,
worsen device, disguise, dishonesty, dissimulation, dodge, double-
dealing, dupery, duplicity, equivocation, fabrication, fake,
DECEASE, verb cease existing, cease living, cease to be, false appearance, false front, falsehood, falseness, falsifica-
cease to exist, cease to live, come to an end, demise, de- tion, feint, forgery, fraud, fraudulence, fraudulency, guile,
part, depart from life, die, end one’s life, expire, lose life, hoax, humbuggery, illusion, imposition, imposture, indirec-
meet death, pass away, pass on, perish, succumb tion, indirectness, insincerity, intrigue, knavery, legerdemain,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: decedent’s estate lie, machination, masquerade, mendacity, mirage, misrepre-
sentation, obliquity, pretext, prevarication, rascality, rogu-
DECEASED, adjective bereft of life, dead, defunct, de- ery, ruse, sham, simulacrum, snare, stratagem, subterfuge,
mised, departed, deprived of life, destitute of life, devoid of swindle, trap, trepan, trick, trickery, trickiness, trumpery,
life, exanimate, former, late, lifeless, no longer living, untruth, untruthfulness, unveracity, wile
passed away, passed on, perished ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: confusion, deception doctrine
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: Dead Man’s Statute, deceased child, FOREIGN PHRASES: Non decipitur qui scit se decipi. He is not
deceased debtor, deceased persons, estate of deceased deceived who knows that he is being deceived. Decipi
person, transaction or communication with deceased per- quam fallere est tutius. It is safer to be deceived than to
son, transaction with person since deceased deceive.
FOREIGN PHRASES: Cadaver nullius in bonis. A dead body is
no one’s property. DECEPTIVE, adjective artificial, beguiling, bogus, calcu-
lated to give a false impression, camouflaged, cheating,
DECEDENT, noun dead man, dead person, deceased, collusive, counterfeit, covinous, crafty, cunning, deceitful,
deceased person, demised, departed, he who has passed deceiving, delusive, delusory, designing, disguised, dis-
away, intestate individual, she who has expired, testator honest, disingenuous, double dealing, fallacious, false,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: decedent’s estate, obligation of the feigned, fraudulent, illusive, illusory, impostrous, indirect,
decedent, transaction with decedent insidious, insincere, knavish, lying, mendacious, mislead-
ing, mock, oblique, obliquitous, pretended, prevaricating,
DECEIT, noun beguilement, camouflage, cheating, collu- scheming, seeming, sham, slippery, sly, sneaky, sophistic,
sion, cozenage, craftiness, cunning, deceitfulness, deception, sophistical, specious, spurious, subdolous, tricky, under-
deceptiveness, delusiveness, dissembling, dissimulation, handed, untrue, wily

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ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: deceptive acts, deceptive advertis- DECLARATION, noun admission, affirmation, an-
ing, deceptive practice, deceptively misdescriptive, decep- nouncement, annunciation, assertion, attestation, bulletin,
tively similar communication of knowledge, communiqué, declaratio,
decree, decreement, dictum, edict, edictum, explicit utter-
DECIDE, verb adjudge, adjudicate, adjust, agree, arbi- ance, exposition, expression, fiat, formal assertion, formal
trate, arrive at a judgment, ascertain, award, choose, choose notice, ipse dixit, notice, notification, official bulletin, posi-
a course of action, choose an alternative, choose an option, tive statement, praedicatio, presentation, proclamation,
come to a conclusion, come to an agreement, come to profession, promulgation, pronouncement, public an-
terms, commit oneself, conclude, constituere, decernere, nouncement, public notice, publication, recitation, resolu-
decree, determine, diagnose, diiudicare, dispose of, elect, tion, revelation, solemn averment, solemn avowal, state-
end, establish, finalize, find, fix, form a resolution, form an ment, statement of facts, transmission of knowledge, ukase
opinion, hold, judge, make a choice, make a decision, make ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: declaration against interest, declaration
a selection, make up one’s mind, opt, ordain, pass, pass against pecuniary interest, declaration against penal inter-
judgment, pass sentence, pick, pronounce, reach a deci- est, declaration of candidacy, declaration of deceased per-
sion, reach a verdict, referee, resolve, rule, select, sentence, son, declaration of dividends, declaration of estimated tax,
settle, sit in judgment, terminate, umpire, vote declaration of homestead, declaration of independence,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: decide a case, decide a motion, de- declaration of intent, declaration of intention, declaration of
cided adversely, decided as a matter of law, decided on the law, declaration of parties, declaration of public necessity,
merits, decided upon legal principles, jurisdiction to decide declaration of rights, declaration of trust, declaration of
value, declaration of war, dying declarations, extrajudicial
DECIDED, adjective absolute, categorical, certain, clear, declaration, judicial declaration, narrative declaration, res
conclusive, decisive, definite, definitive, demonstrated, gestae, self-serving declaration, spontaneous declaration
evident, explicit, indefeasible, indisputable, infallible, irre-
futable, manifest, obvious by an overwhelming number, DECLARATION UNDER OATH, noun affirmation under
palpable, proven, self-evident, solid, unassailable, undeni- oath, certification under oath, declaration under penalty of
able, undisputed, unequivocal, unimpeachable, unmistak- perjury, formal declaration, statement under oath, sworn
able, unqualified, unquestionable, unreserved affidavit, verification under oath, written declaration
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: decided litigation advantage
DECLARATORY, adjective annuciative, annunciatory, as-
DECISION (Election), noun choosing, judgment, pick, sertative, assertive, communicative, declarative, decretal,
selection, will decretive, decretory, demonstrative, elucidating, enunciative,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: appellate decision, decision upon the enunciatory, explanatory, expository, express, expressive,
merits, lower court decision notificatory, proclamatory, promulgatory, serving to declare
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: declaratory act, declaratory action,
DECISION (Judgment), noun choice, decree, determi- declaratory decree, declaratory judgment, declaratory
nation, placitum, resolution, verdict order, declaratory statute

DECISIVE, adjective absolute, assured, authoritative, DECLARATORY JUDGMENT, noun affirmation, an-
beyond all dispute, beyond all question, categorical, certain, nouncement, declaration, enunciation, judgment of the
characterized by decision, clear, clearly defined, command- court, nonexecutionary judgment
ing, compelling, conclusive, conclusory, consequential,
critical, crucial, culminating, definite, definitive, determi- DECLARE, verb advance, affirm, announce, assert, as-
nant, determinative, determining, effectual, ernest, final, severate, assure, aver, avow, bruit, claim, come out, com-
forceful, impelling, imperative, important, incontestable, municate, contend, declarare, disclose, divulge, enounce,
indubious, inflexible, influential, intent upon, irreversible, enunciate, herald, inform, maintain, make a declaration,
irrevocable, momentous, of great consequence, peremp- make a statement, make known, predicate, proclaim, pro-
tory, pivotal, positive, powerful, purposeful, questionless, fess, profiteri, pronounce, put forward, reveal, say, set forth,
resolute, resolved, significant, summary, thrustful, un- state, tell, utter
doubted, unequivocal, unhesitating, unqualified, unques- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: declare a nullity, declare insolvent,
tionable, unquestioned, without doubt, without question declare null and void
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: decisive proof
DECLARER, noun affiant, author, compiler, composer,
DECLAIM, verb address, deliver oratorically, descant, declarant, drafter, party, scriptor, sworn declarant, under-
dilate, discourse, dissertate, expand, expatiate, expound, signed, writer
give a formal speech, harangue, hold forth, lecture, make a ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accommodation endorser, accommo-
speech, orate, perorate, preach, prelect, proclaim, rant, dation maker, dying declaration
recite, rhetorize, sermonize, speak, speak publicly, speak
rhetorically, talk DECLINATION, noun abnegation, denial, disavowal,
disclaimer, negation, nonacceptance, noncompliance, non-
DECLAMATION, noun address, allocution, art of speak- consent, refusal, refusal of consent, rejection, renunciation,
ing, declamatio, discourse, elocution, grandiloquence, ha- repudiation, unwillingness
rangue, lecture, oration, oratorical display, oratory, orotun-
dity, pronuntiatio, public speaking, reading, recital, recitation, DECLINE, noun abatement, act of crumbling, act of
rhetoric, screed, sermon, speech, speechification, talk, tirade dwindling, act of falling away, act of lessening, act of losing
ground, act of shrinking, act of slipping back, act of wasting
DECLARANT, noun affiant, affirmant, complainant, one away, act of weakening, act of worsening, atrophy, back-
who affirms, one who asserts, one who proclaims, person ward step, cheapening, collapse, consumption, contrac-
who makes allegations, proclaimor, witness tion, corrosion, corruption, decadency, decay, decrease,

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decrement, decrepitude, decurrence, deflation, degener- DECREASE, noun abatement, abbreviation, abridgment,
acy, degenerateness, degeneration, deminutio, deprecia- alleviation, attenuation, constriction, contraction, curtail-
tion, descension, descent, deterioration, devaluation, di- ment, cut, cutback, deceleration, declension, declination,
lapidation, diminishing, dissolution, downfall, downgrade, decline, decline and fall, decrement, decrescence, deduc-
downhill, downtrend, downturn, downward inclination, tion, deflation, deminutio, depreciation, depression, deterio-
downward incline, downward trend, drop, ebb, enfeeble- ration, devaluation, diminishment, diminution, dissipation,
ment, erosion, failing, fall, falling away, falling-off, gradual downtrend, downturn, downward trend, drop, dwindling,
crumbling, gradual impairment, lessening, loss, loss of ebb, fall, falling-off, getting less, imminutio, lessening, loss,
value, lowering, marcescence, pejoration, period of de- loss of value, lowering, making less, mitigation, narrowing,
crease, plunge, recession, regress, regression, relapse, re- reduction, reflux, restriction, retrenchment, shortening,
treat, retroaction, retrocession, retrogradation, retrogres- shrinkage, shrinking, sinking, slowing down, slump, subduc-
sion, reversion, ruin, setback, shrinkage, sinkage, sinking, tion, subsidence, subtraction, wane, waning, weakening
slump, subsidence, wane ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: decrease in payment, decrease in
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: spoilage, waste price, decrease in value, decreased capacity, decreased
cost, decreased earning capacity, decreased or diminished
DECLINE (Fall), verb come down, decay, degenerate, mental capacity
deteriorate, drop, drop in strength, ebb, fall, lapse, stoop,
trend downward, wane, wither DECREASE, verb abate, abbreviate, abridge, allay, attenu-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: decline in price ate, bate, be consumed, become smaller, blunt, cause to di-
minish, coarctate, compact, compress, concentrate, con-
DECLINE (Reject), verb abnegate, abstain, eschew, ex- dense, constrict, constringe, contract, curtail, cut, cut back, cut
cuse oneself, hold back, rebuff, recusare, refuse, refuse to down, cut off, cut short, dampen, decelerate, decline, deduct,
accept, renounce, renueve, repel, repudiate, resist, spurn, deflate, deminuere, depreciate, depress, detract from, die
turn away, turn down, veto down, diminish, drain, drop, dwindle, ebb, emaciate, extenu-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: decline an appointment, decline to ac- ate, fall, fall behind, fall below, fall off, go downhill, grow less,
cept an offer imminuere, lessen, level off, lower, make brief, make less,
make smaller, mark down, melt away, minimize, mitigate,
DECOMMISSION, verb change, deactivate, defuse, narrow, pare, prune, quell, rake off, recede, reduce, render
demobilize, disarm, disband, disengage, dismantle, fix, less, retrench, roll back, run down, scale down, shave,
undue, withdraw shorten, shrink, sink, slacken, slash, slump, strike off, subduct,
subside, subtract, suffer loss, take away, take off, taper, trim,
DECONTAMINATE, verb absterge, antisepticize, clean, wane
cleanse, depurate, deterge, disinfect, fumigate, hygienize, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: decrease in payment, decrease in
lustrate, make aseptic, make disease-free, make germ-free, price, decrease in value, decreased capacity, decreased
make healthful, make hygienic, make innoxious, make pure, cost, decreased earning capacity, decreased or diminished
make salubrious, make wholesome, purge, purify, rarefy, mental capacity
refine, remove pollutants, remove unhealthy agents, render
harmless, render sanitary, render sterile, sanitize, scour, DECREE, noun adjudgment, adjudication, authoritative
scrub, sterilize, unadulterate, uncorrupt, unpollute, untaint decision, award, command, commandment, decision, dec-
laration, decretum, dictate, direction, edict, edictum, fiat,
DECORUM, noun act demanded by social custom, ame- final judgment, finding, imperative, interdiction, judgment,
nability, amenableness, amenities, appropriate behavior, judicial decision, mandate, opinion, order, order of the
appropriateness, best behavior, best of taste, bienséance, court, placitum, proclamation, pronouncement, pronuncia-
civility, civilized behavior, code of what is fitting, conduct, miento, resolution, ruling, ruling of the court, senatus con-
conformity, consideration, convenance, convention, conven- sultum, sentence, standing order, ukase, verdict
tionality, conventions, conventions of society, correctness, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: alimony decree, annulment decree,
courtesy, cultivated taste, custom, decencies, decency, bankruptcy decree, consent decree, declaratory decree,
decorousness, decorum, delicacy, demeanor, dictates of decree for payment of money, decree for possession of
society, dignity, discrimination, etiquette, fastidiousness, property, decree nisi, decree of a court of competent juris-
fittingness, form, formalities, formality, gentility, gentle- diction, decree of court of record, decree of dismissal, de-
manliness, good form, good manners, good taste, good- cree of distribution, decree of nullity, decree of support,
ness, grace, mannerliness, manners, modesty, mores, natu- decree pro confesso, default decree, deficiency decree, di-
ral courtesy, nice appreciation, nicety, orderliness, point of vorce decree, entry of decree, final decree, foreclosure
etiquette, poise, polish, polished manners, politeness, pre- decree, foreign decree, interlocutory decree, joint decree,
scribed code of conduct, proper thing to do, properness, judicial decree, summary decree, supplemental decree
propriety, protocol, punctilio, punctiliousness, refined man-
ners, refined taste, refinement, requirement of polite soci- DECREE, verb adjudge, adjudicate, award, charge, com-
ety, respect, respectability, respectful deportment, right mand, deliver judgment, dictate, direct, establish, exact,
note, right thing to do, rules of conduct, sedateness, seem- find, give judgment, give orders, impose, instruct, issue a
liness, social code, social conduct, social graces, social pro- fiat, issue a proclamation, issue a ukase, issue an edict,
cedures, social usage, standard, suitability, suitableness, judge, order, pass judgment, prescribe, proclaim, promul-
tact, tastefulness, that which is proper gate, pronounce, require, rule, sanction
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: alimony decree, annulment decree,
DECOY, noun allure, allurement, ambush, attraction, bankruptcy decree, consent decree, decree by confession,
bait, blind, camouflage, deception, disguise, diversion, en- decree nisi, decree of dismissal, decree pro confesso, default
ticement, imitation, inducement, inlex, inveiglement, mis- decree, deficiency decree, divorce decree, entry of decree,
leader, simulation, trap, trick final decree, foreclosure decree, foreign decree, interlocu-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: entrapment tory decree, summary decree, supplemental decree

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DECREMENT, noun abatement, abridgment, contraction, rationalize, ratiocinate, reason, suppose, surmise, think,
curtailment, cut, damage, declension, decrease, decrescence, think likely, trace, understand
deduction, deficit, depletion, diminishment, diminution, dis-
sipation, drain, erosion, exhaustion, expenditure, leak, leak- DEDUCT (Reduce), verb abate, attentuate, bate, cheapen,
age, lessening, loss, shortcoming, shortening, shrinkage, cut, cut down, decrease, deflate, deplete, depreciate, de-
spoilage, subtraction, wastage, waste, wear and tear valuate, dilute, diminish, discount, downgrade, dwindle,
lessen, lower, make less, make smaller, mark down, remove,
DECRETAL, adjective binding, commanded, command- render few, shrink, slash, strike off, strip, subduct, subtract,
ing, decreed, decretive, decretory, demanded, directive, take away, take off, trim, truncate, withdraw
instructive, jussive, law-giving, mandatory, nomothetic, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: tax credit, tax deduction
ordered, preceptive, prescriptive
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: decretal paragraph DEDUCTIBLE (Capable of being deducted from taxes), ad-
jective able to be subducted, able to be subtracted for
DECRY, verb admonish, be unable to respect, belittle, tax purposes, allowable, capable of being deducted, capa-
berate, bring discredit on, bring into disrepute, censure, ble of being rebated, discountable, likely to decrease taxes,
censure as faulty, clamor against, condemn, condemn as recoupable, removable
worthless, contemn, criticize, cry down, cry out against, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: deductible business expense, deduct-
declaim against, degrade, denigrate, denounce, deny re- ible debt, deductible expense, deductible loss, deductible
spect, deprecate, depreciate, depreciate publicly, deride, policy
derogate, despise, detract, detract from, disapprove, dis-
approve of, discredit, disdain, disesteem, dismiss, dispar- DEDUCTIBLE (Provable), adjective able to be con-
age, dispraise, disprize, disrespect, fail to appreciate, fault, firmed, able to be shown, ascertainable, based on evi-
feel utter contempt for, find fault, find nothing to praise, dence, based on proof, capable of being figured out, ca-
have no regard for, have no respect for, have no use for, pable of being proved, conclusible, corroborative,
hold cheap, hold in contempt, inveigh against, make little deducible, demonstrable, derivable, documentable, ex-
of, malign, not respect, not speak well of, obtrectare, pro- pectable, following, illative, inferable, inferential, likely,
test against, raise a hue and cry against, raise one’s voice presumed, presumptive, probable, ratiocinative, substan-
against, reject, remonstrate against, reprehend, revile, ridi- tiable, supportable, sustainable, testable, traceable, valid,
cule, scorn, set at nought, set no value on, speak disparag- verifiable
ingly of, speak ill of, speak slightingly of, spurn, vilify, vili-
pend, vituperare DEDUCTION (Conclusion), noun assumption, calcula-
tion, divination, hypothesis, illation, implication, logical
DEDICATE, verb address to, award, bestow, confer, con- process, logical sequence, opinion, postulate, postulation,
fer honor on, consecrare, consecrate, convey, dedicare, de- ratiocination, rationalization, reasoned judgment, supposal,
vote, do honor, donate, endow, enshrine, give, give a prize, supposition, surmise, theory, thesis
give earnestly, give honor, hallow, honor, immortalize, in-
scribe, offer to give, pay honor, philanthropize, present, re- DEDUCTION (Diminution), noun abatement, abridg-
flect honor on, render honor to, set apart, set apart for spe- ment, attenuation, cut, decline, decrease, decrement, de-
cial use, set aside, vest crescence, deductio, deminutio, discount, dwindling, elimi-
nation, lessening, lowering, making less, minimization,
DEDICATION, noun bestowal, celebration, consecra- reduction, removal, shortening, shrinkage, subduction,
tion, devotion, endowment, enshrinement, giving, gratuity, subtraction, withdrawal
honoring, immortalization, inscription, offering, ordination, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: allowable deduction, business deduc-
philanthropy, presentation, presentment, setting apart, set- tions, deduction directed by law, deduction from purchase
ting aside for a particular purpose, solemn appropriation price, deduction of cost, deduction of expense, deductions
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: act of dedication, actual dedication, from account, deductions from salary, income tax deduc-
appropriation for a public use, appropriation of a charitable tions, marital deduction, special deduction
use, common-law dedication, constructive dedication,
dedication by estoppel, dedication of property for public DEDUCTIVE, adjective analytic, analytical, deducible,
use, dedication to a charitable use, dedication to a public evidential, following, inferable, inferential, logical, rational,
use, express dedication, implied dedication, irrevocable reasoned, resultant
dedication, manner of dedication, private dedication, public
dedication, public easement, revocation of offer of dedica- DEED, noun assignment, authentication, certificate,
tion, statutory dedication, unaccepted dedication charter, conveyance, covenant, document, document
which passes a present interest, instrument, instrument
DEDUCE, verb apply reason, arrive at a conclusion, as- which transfers title to realty, muniments, record, release,
certain, assume, calculate, come to a conclusion, conclude, signed and delivered instrument, transfer, transference
conjecture, consider probable, construe, deduct, deem, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: ancient deed, bargain and sale deed,
derive, determine, divine, draw a conclusion, educe, ex- commissioner of deeds, contract for deed, deed by way of
tract, gather, guess, infer, judge, ratiocinate, rationalize, mortgage, deed duly registered, deed for a nominal sum,
reason, suppose, surmise, think, think likely, trace, under- deed in fee simple, deed in the nature of a mortgage, deed
stand of assignment, deed of conveyance, deed of covenant, deed
of gift, deed of land, deed of trust, deed with covenant of
DEDUCT (Conclude by reasoning), verb apply reason, warranty, estoppel by deed, executed deed, general war-
arrive at a conclusion, ascertain, assume, calculate, come ranty deed, gift deed, good and effectual deed, good and
to a conclusion, conclude, conjecture, consider probable, sufficient deed, joint deeds, mineral deed, quitclaim deed,
construe, deduce, deem, derive, determine, divine, draw recorded deed, registers of deeds, rescission of deed, res-
a conclusion, educe, extract, gather, guess, infer, judge, ervation in a deed, sheriff’s deed, simultaneous deeds,

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special warranty deed, tax deed, trust deed, void or void- DEEP-SEATED, adjective deep, deeply felt, embedded,
able deeds, warranty deed engraved, established, fixed, implanted, instilled, manifest
FOREIGN PHRASES: Interpretatio chartarum benigne faci- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: malicious prosecution, motive
enda est, ut res magis valeat quam pereat. The construc-
tion of deeds should be liberal in order that the transaction DEFACE, verb begrime, blacken, blemish, blot, blot out,
may be effective rather than fail. Traditio loqui facit char- blotch, blur, cover up, crack, cross out, damage, deform,
tam. Delivery gives voice to the words of a deed. Mala deformare, delete, deprive of form, despoil, destroy, destroy
grammatica non vitiat chartam; sed in expositione in- form, disfigure, distort, efface, erase, expunge, flaw, foedare,
strumentorum ma la grammatica quo ad fieri possit foul, hurt, impair, impair the legibility of, impair the looks of,
evitanda est. Bad grammar does not vitiate a deed; but in injure, make illegible, make ugly, make unsightly, mangle,
the drafting of instruments, bad grammar should, as far as mar, mar the appearance of, mark, misshape, mutilate, oblit-
possible, be avoided. Grammatica falsa non vitiat char- erate, render illegible, rub off, rub out, scar, scratch, scratch
tam. False grammar does not vitiate a deed. Charta de out, smear, smudge, soil, spoil, spoil the look of, spot, stain,
non ente non valet. A deed of a thing not in being is in- strike out, sully, tarnish, unshape, warp, wipe away
valid. Facta tenent multa quae fieri prohibentur. Deeds ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: cancellation by defacing, defacing pub-
contain many things which are prohibited to be done. lic property
Allegatio contra factum non est admittenda. An allega-
tion contrary to the deed is not admissible. DEFACEMENT, noun blemish, blot, blotch, blotting out,
crack, damage, defect, deformation, deformity, destruction,
DEEM, verb account, adjudge, adopt an opinion, as- discoloration, disfiguration, disfigurement, distortion, ef-
sume, be inclined to think, be of the opinion, be under the facement, erasure, fault, flaw, impairment, injury, injury to
impression, believe, believe on consideration, call, conceive, outward appearance, marring, mutilation, obliteration, scar,
conclude, consider, decide, determine, embrace an opinion, scratch, smear, smudge, soiling, splotch, spot, stain, tarnish,
esteem, feel, form a judgment, form an opinion, have an unsightliness, vandalism, wear and tear, wrecking activities
opinion, have the impression, hazard an opinion, hold, hold ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: defacement of ballots, defacement of
an opinion, hold in belief, imagine, judge, look upon, opine, documents, defacement of labels, defacement of monu-
perceive, presume, pronounce judgment, regard, suppose, ments, defacement of public property
surmise, suspect, take for, take it to be, think, view as
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: deemed advisable, deemed to be in DEFALCATE, verb appropriate to one’s own use, cheat,
the best interests of the child defraud, divert funds, embezzle, falsify accounts, misapply
funds, misappropriate money, misemploy funds, misuse
DEEMPHASIZE, verb attach little importance to, belittle, entrusted monies, obtain money under false pretenses,
declassify, deprecate, depreciate, detract from, disregard, peculate, purloin, rob, steal, swindle, take by fraud, thieve
downplay, dwarf, give little weight to, make light of, make
little of, marginalize, minify, minimize, moderate, play DEFAMATION, noun abuse, aspersion, calumniation,
down, take no account of, think little of, think nothing of, calumny, denigration, derogation, detraction, discommen-
tone down, underplay dation, disparagement, disrepute, false accusation, false
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: declassification publication, false report, imputation, infamy, insinuation,
insult, invective, libel, obloquy, scandal, slander, slur,
DEEP (Down), adjective at the lowest point, below, smear, smirch, traducement, untruth
below floor level, below ground level, below the floor, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: defamation against title, defamation of
below the ground, beneath, under grade, under the business or profession, defamation of character, defamation
ground, underground, underneath per quod, defamation per se, defamatory publication, de-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: declaration against interest, declara- famatory upon its face, defamatory words, injury to charac-
tion of a dividend, declaration of a trust, in deep trouble ter or reputation, injury to profession or business
with the law, searching deep into the evidence of a case, FOREIGN PHRASES: Inveniens libellum famosum et non cor-
self-serving declaration rumpens punitur. A person who finds a libel and does not
destroy it is punished.
DEEP (Profound), adjective abstruse, astute, compli-
cated, erudite, esoteric, intellectual, intellectually profound, DEFAME, verb accuse, accuse falsely, anathematize,
penetrating, perceptive, philosophical, recondite, reflec- asperse, assail, belittle, berate, besmear, besmirch, bespat-
tive, sagacious, sage, scholarly, thoughtful, wise ter, blacken, blemish, brand, bring disrepute upon, call
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: deep constituted interpretation names, calumniari, calumniate, cast aspersions on, censure,
charge, condemn, criticize, damage one’s reputation, decry,
DEEP POCKETS, noun abounding wealth, abundance, degrade, denigrate, denounce, depreciate, destroy one’s
abundant wealth, bounteous wealth, bountiful material reputation, discredit, disgrace, dishonor, disparage, dis-
wealth, riches, source of sufficient funds, substantial assets, praise, falsify, fulminate, gibbet, give a bad name, impeach,
substantial support, substantial wealth, wealth, wealthy, indict, injure the good name of, injure the good reputation
well-off, well-provided, well-situated, well-stocked, well- of, inveigh against, lessen one’s reputation, libel, lower,
to-do malign, objurgate, obtrectare, ostracize, pillory, put in a bad
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: insurance, predatory pricing light, reprehend, revile, run down, scandalize, shame, slan-
der, slur, smear, smirch, spatter, speak evil, speak ill, speak
DEEP-ROOTED, adjective deeply engrained, deeply im- ill of, speak of slightingly, stain the character of, stigmatize,
planted, deeply manifest, engrained, ensconced, established, sully, taint, tarnish, traduce, vilify, vilipend, vituperate
impeded, imprinted, indoctrinated, injected, instilled, mani- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: defamation, defamation per quod,
fest defamation per se, defamatory per se, defamatory upon its
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: common law, precedence deep- face, defamatory words, disparagement, injury to character
rooted in the law or reputation, injury to profession or business, libel, slander

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DEFAULT, noun abrogation, ad vadimonium non ve- DEFEAT, verb beat, block, checkmate, confound, con-
nire, arrear, avoidance, bankruptcy, breach, breach of or- quer, contravene, crush, demolish, drub, foil, frustrate, gain
ders, delinquence, delinquency, dereliction, dereliction of control over, halt, master, outwit, overcome, overmaster,
duty, dishonoring, disregard, evasion of duty, failure of overpower, overthrow, overwhelm, prevail over, put down,
credit, failure of duty, failure to answer, failure to appear, quell, refute, rout, smash, squelch, subdue, subjugate, su-
failure to meet one’s obligations, failure to pay, financial perare, suppress, surmount, thwart, triumph over, trounce,
disaster, insolvency, insufficient funds, neglect, nonfulfill- upset, vanquish, vincere, victimize
ment, nonobservance, nonperformance, omission, preter- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: defeat a cause of action, defeat a will,
mission, refusal to pay, repudiation, vadimonium deserere, defeat or impair jurisdiction, defeat the purpose, defeat the
violation of duty rights
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: date of default, declaration of default,
default decree, default in payment, default of issue, default DEFEATED, adjective beaten, bested, buried, conquered,
or misconduct in office, excusable default, failure to pay crippled, crushed, dispatched, dropped, eclipsed, gain a
money due, failure to perform duty, judgment by default, landslide over, mastered, outdone, outshone, outstripped,
material default, motion for default, motion to open de- overcome, overmatched, overpowered, overthrown, pul-
fault, motion to vacate default judgment, willful default verized, refuted, run roughshod over, slaughtered, stopped,
subdued, subjugated, surmounted, transcended, triumphed
DEFAULT, verb ad vadimonium non venire, avoid, be over, vanquished
deficient, be delinquent, be derelict, be faithless, be in ar-
rears, be in debt, be neglectful, be negligent, be remiss, be DEFECT, noun blemish, blot, damage, deficiency, defor-
unfaithful, become unable to meet obligations, breach the mity, demerit, deviation, drawback, failing, fault, faultiness,
agreement, break one’s trust, break the contract, desert, flaw, foible, frailty, impairment, imperfection, impotency,
dishonor, disregard one’s duty, disregard one’s obligations, inadequacy, incompleteness, incompletion, infirmity, insuf-
dodge, elude, evade, fail, fail in duty, fail to act, fail to an- ficiency, lack, mendum, mistake, mutilation, shortcoming,
swer, fail to appear, fail to meet financial engagements, fail to weakness
pay, fail to perform, forsake, ignore one’s obligations, lapse, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: actionable defect, concealed defect,
lose by failure to appear, neglect one’s duty, not pay, omit cure of defects, dangerous defect, defect appearing
what is due, renege, repudiate, shirk, shirk one’s duty, shun, upon face of record, defect in description, defect in form,
stop payment, vandimonium deserere, withhold payment defect in material or workmanship, defect in title, defect
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: date of default, default decree, de- of parties, defect of substance, hidden defects, immate-
fault in office, default in payment, default of issue, default rial defects, inherent defect, jurisdictional defect,
or misconduct in office, excusable default, judgment by knowledge of defect, latent defect, legal defect, material
default, motion for default, motion to open default, mo- defect, mental defect, obvious defect, open and obvi-
tion to vacate default judgment, opening of default, willful ous defect, patent defect, products liability, structural
default defects

DEFEASANCE, noun abolishment, abolition, abroga- DEFECT, verb abandon allegiance, abdicate, abscond,
tion, annulment, breakup, canceling, cancellation, cassa- apostasize, back out, be disloyal, betray, break away, break
tion, cessation, close, conclusion, deprivation, disallow- fealty, break with, cast off, change sides, default, demit,
ance, discharge, discontinuance, disendowment, depart, desert, disavow, disobey, disown, forsake, leave,
disestablishment, dissolution, end, end of the matter, end- leave unlawfully, mutiny, prove treacherous, quit, rebel,
ing, expiration, finish, invalidation, limit, negation, nullifi- reject, renege, renounce, repudiate, resign, revolt, run
cation, ousting, recall, removal, repeal, replacement, re- away, secede, tergiversate, transfer, violate one’s oath,
scindment, rescission, retractation, retraction, reversal, withdraw one’s support
reversion, revocation, revokement, stoppage, superses-
sion, suppression, undoing, vacation, voidance, windup, DEFECTIVE, adjective amiss, awry, below par, below
withdrawal standards, beneath standards, blemished, broken, bruised,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: condition, defeasance clause, defea- crippled, damaged, deficient, deformed, distorted, falling
sance of contract, defeasance of title, defeasible estate short, faultful, faulty, flawed, impaired, imperfect, imperfec-
tus, inadequate, incomplete, incondite, incorrect, infirm, in-
DEFEASIBLE, adjective confutable, dismissible, disprov- jured, inoperative, insufficient, lacking, lame, marred, muti-
able, dissoluble, functus officio, nullifiable, refutable, remov- lated, out of order, unfinished, unsound, wanting, warped,
able, revocable, subject to being abrogated, subject to being weak
annulled, subject to being canceled, subject to being divested, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: defective and unsafe condition, defec-
subject to being invalidated, subject to being repealed, subject tive condition, defective construction, defective in form,
to being retracted, subject to being revoked, subject to being defective in substance, defective instrumentality, defective
taken away, subject to being withdrawn, terminable, voidable machinery, defective materials, defective or dangerous con-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: defeasible deed, defeasible estate, dition, defective product, defective service of process, de-
defeasible fee, defeasible interest, defeasible remainder, fective title, defective workmanship or material, defective
defeasible title, determinable fee writ, mentally defective, products liability

DEFEAT, noun beating, breakdown, collapse, confutation, DEFEND, verb advocate, allege in support, argue for,
default, destruction, disappointment, downfall, failure, invali- champion, espouse, guard, justify, maintain, plead for,
dation, loss, nonfulfillment, overthrow, refutation, repulsa, plead one’s cause, promote a cause, propound, protect,
ruin, ruination, setback, thwarting, undoing, vanquishment safeguard, shield, stand up for, support, sustain, uphold,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: defeat a cause of action, defeat the urge reasons for
purpose, defeat the rights, defeated candidate, defeated ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: effectiveness of counsel, opportunity
party to defend

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DEFENDANT, noun the accused, accused litigant, ac- acy, deferred payments, deferred premiums, deferred
cused party, charged party, party against whom a com- sentence, deferred wage
plaint is lodged, party against whom charges are pending,
party who is sued, respondent DEFER (Yield in judgment), verb abide by, abstain, ac-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: codefendant, defendant’s rights, indis- cede, accept, accord, accord superiority to, acknowledge,
pensable party defendant, necessary party defendant, acquiesce, agree, assent, capitulate, cede, comply, con-
nominal defendant, party defendant, principal defendant, form to, consent, do honor to, esteem, fall in with, give
proper party defendant, third party defendants assent, give consent, give in, give way, go along with,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Favorabiliores rei potius quam actores hearken, hold in esteem, honor, obsequi, pay respect to,
habentur. The condition of the defendant is to be favored regard, respect, show courtesy, show respect, submit, sub-
rather than that of the plaintiff. Reus excipiendo fit actor. mit for determination, submit in judgment to, subscribe to,
The defendant by his pleading may make himself a plaintiff. venerate, yield, yield in opinion to
Melior est conditio possidentis, et rei quam actoris. The ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: defer to an administrative agency’s
condition of the possessor and that of the defendant is bet- decision
ter than that of the plaintiff. Habemus optimum testem,
confitentem reum. We have the best witness, a confessing DEFERENCE, noun acquiescence, assent, complaisance,
defendant. Melior est conditio defendentis. The position compliance, consideration, courtesy, esteem, honor, non-
of the defendant is the better one. resistance, obedience, politeness, regard, respect,
respectfulness, submission, submissiveness, submittal,
DEFENSE, noun confutation, counterargument, es- willingness
pousal, justification, parry, preservation, protection, rebut-
tal, resistance against attack, support, warding off DEFERMENT, noun adjournment, cunctation, dalliance,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: affirmative defense, alibi defense, an- deferral, delay, dilatoriness, extension, extension of time,
ticipating a defense, assist in his own defense, coercion as interruption, moratorium, postponement, procrastination,
a defense, complete defense, defense of a third person, prolongation, prorogation, putting off, respite, stoppage,
defense of action, defense of estoppel, defense of insanity, suspension, tabling, tarrying, wait
defense on the merits, defensive pleading, equitable de- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: deferment of action, draft deferment
fense, frivolous defense, ground of defense, incomplete
defense, inconsistent defenses, legal defenses, meritorious DEFIANCE, noun affront, challenge, contumacy, dare, dar-
defense, motion to strike defense, negative defense, new ing, disobedience, disregard, disregard of orders, gage, impu-
defense, partial defense, personal defense, self-defense, dence, impudency, insolence, insubmission, insubordination,
sham defense, special defense insurgence, insurgency, insurrection, invitation to combat,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Peccatum peccato addit qui culpae quam mutiny, noncompliance, noncooperation, opposition, oppug-
facit patrocinium defensionis adjungit. He adds one of- nation, provocatio, rebellion, rebelliousness, recalcitrance, re-
fense to another who connects a wrong which he has com- calcitrancy, recalcitration, recusancy, resistance, revolt, revolu-
mitted with his defense. Vani timoris justa excusatio non tion, sedition, strike, stubbornness, unruliness, uprising
est. A frivolous fear is not a lawful excuse. Nemo prohibe- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: in defiance of the law
tur pluribus defensionibus uti. No one is prohibited from
making use of several defenses. Impotentia excusat DEFICIENCY, noun absence, dearth, defect, deficit, de-
legem. Performing a legal duty excuses from the perfor- privation, destitution, failing, failure to comply, falling short,
mance. Quodcunque aliquis ob tutelam corporis sui fe- fault, faultiness, flaw, foible, impairment, imperfection, in-
cerit, jure id fecisse videtur. Whatever any one does in adequacy, inadequateness, incompleteness, incompletion,
defense of his person, that he is deemed to have done le- infirmity, insufficiency, lack, loss, meagerness, need, non-
gally. Vim vi repellere licit. modo fiat moderamine incul- completion, nonfulfillment, nonperformance, omission,
patae tutelae, non ad sumendam vindictam, sed ad paucity, penury, poverty, privation, scarcity, short supply,
propulsandam injuriam. It is lawful to repel force by shortage, shortcoming, sparsity, ullage, want, weakness
force, provided it be done with the moderation of blameless ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: deficiency assessment, deficiency bill,
defense, not for the purpose of taking revenge, but to repel deficiency decree, deficiency judgment, deficiency tax, in-
injury. come tax deficiency, liability for deficiency, mental defi-
ciency, notice of deficiency, recovery of deficiency, tax de-
DEFENSIBLE, adjective armed, believable, condonable, ficiency
credible, defendable, exculpatory, excusable, impregnable,
invincible, invulnerable, justifiable, justified, maintainable, DEFICIENT, adjective attenuated, barren, below par,
pardonable, plausible, prepared, sound, supportable, ten- blemished, defective, depleted, devoid, disappointing,
able, unassailable, unattackable, vindicable, vindicatory, discontenting, empty, falling short, faulty, few, flawed, hol-
warrantable low, impaired, imperfect, impoverished, in arrears, inade-
quate, incompetent, incomplete, inferior, inops, insubstan-
DEFER (Put off), verb adjourn, arrest, be dilatory, bide, tial, insufficient, jejune, lacking, less than necessary,
delay, detain, differre, discontinue, extend, file, forbear, mancus, marred, meager, missing, not enough, not satisfy-
forestall, gain time, hesitate, hinder, hold back, hold in ing, not up to normal, not up to par, paltry, partial, poor,
abeyance, hold off, hold up, impede, interfere, interrupt, scant, scanty, scarce, short, shy, sketchy, skimpy, slight,
intervene, keep pending, lay aside, linger, obsequi, ob- small, sparing, sparse, starved, substandard, thin, too little,
struct, pause, pigeonhole, postpone, pretermit, procrasti- unample, uncompleted, undeveloped, unequal to, unfin-
nate, prolong, prorogue, put aside, recess, respite, retard, ished, unfulfilled, unfurnished, unnourishing, unprovided,
set aside, shelve, stall, stave off, stay, suspend, table, wait, unsatisfactory, unsound, unsufficing, unsupplied, void of,
withhold wanting, weak
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: deferred charges, deferred compen- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: deficiency judgment, mentally defi-
sation, deferred dividend, deferred income, deferred leg- cient, totally deficient

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DEFICIT, noun absence, arrears, balance to pay, dearth, precision, categorical, certain, certified, certus, clear, clear-
default, deficiency, financial shortage, inadequacy, incom- cut, conclusive, confident, constitutus, convinced, correct,
pleteness, insufficiency, lack, loss, meagerness, omission, decided, decisive, definitus, demonstrable, determinate,
overdraft, paucity, scantiness, scarcity, shortage, shortcom- determined, distinct, doubtless, ensured, established, evi-
ing, shortness dent, evidential, exact, existing, express, firm, fixed, fully
convinced, granted, guaranteed, having fixed limits, im-
DEFILE, verb abuse, adulterate, afflict, blemish, bloody, mutable, inappealable, incommutable, incontestable, inde-
compromise, corrupt, cripple, cross, damage, deface, de- feasible, indisputable, indubious, indubitable, inescapable,
prave, despoil, destroy, devastate, flaw, harm, hurt, ill- inevasible, inevitable, inexorable, inflexible, insured, in-
treat, impair, injure, malign, maltreat, mar, mess, mess up, transmutable, invariable, inviolate, irrefragable, irrefutable,
misuse, molest, mutilate, oppress, pollute, ruin, scourge, irresistible, irreversible, irrevocable, persuaded, positive,
shake up, shatter, spoil, taint, victimize, violate, vitiate precisely bounded, quantified, questionless, real, reliable,
resolute, satisfied, secure, settled, stated, strictly defined,
DEFILEMENT, noun abomination, adulteration, besmirch- tested, true, unchanging, unconfuted, uncontested, unde-
ing, blackening, contamination, corruption, corruption of niable, undisputed, undoubting, unequivocal, unerring,
purity, debasement, debauchment, deflowering, degrada- unfailing, unfaltering, unhesitating, unimpeachable, univo-
tion, demoralization, denigration, depravation, desecration, cal, unmistakable, unqualified, unquestioned, unrefuted,
despoilment, devastation, dirtiness, disgrace, dishonor, filth- unshaken, unsuspecting, unsuspicious, unwavering, verita-
iness, foulness, impairment, indignity, insult, macula, out- ble, well-defined, well-marked
rage, ravagement, ruination, shamefulness, smearing, sully- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: definite and certain, definite class,
ing, turpitude, uncleanliness, uncleanness, violation definite description, definite failure of issue, definite inter-
est, definite location, definite period, definite quantity,
DEFINE, verb characterize, characterize precisely, cir- definite sentence, definite term
cumscribere, clarify, construe, definire, delineate, denomi-
nate, depict the essential qualities of, describe, describe the DEFINITION, noun clarification, decipherment, decoding,
properties of, designate, determine the essential qualities delimitation, delineation, demarcation, description, elucida-
of, determine with precision, differentiate, elucidate, enu- tion, equivalent meaning, exact meaning, exact statement,
merate, establish, exemplify, explain, explain the nature of, explanation, explication, expressed meaning, formulation,
expound, fix, fix the meaning, fix with precision, formalize, identification, illumination, interpretation, making intelligible,
formulate, give the meaning, identify, illustrate, individual- meaning, representation, simplification, statement of mean-
ize, individuate, interpret, label, limit, make clear, mark the ing, synonym, translation
limits, name, prescribe, render, render precise, specify, FOREIGN PHRASES: Omnis definitio in jure civili periculosa
spell out, state the meaning of, state the meaning precisely, est, parum est enim ut non subverti possit. Every defini-
tell the meaning, term, throw light upon, translate tion in the law is dangerous, because there is little that
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: defined by law, defined by statute cannot be subverted.

DEFINED (Clear), adjective clear-cut, coherent, compre- DEFINITIVE, adjective absolute, accurate, ascertained,
hensible, concrete, conditional, confining, conterminable, authentic, authenticated, authoritative, beyond a doubt,
conterminate, cramped, crystal clear, definite, determin- beyond all dispute, closing, complete, completed, conclu-
able, determined, distinct, distinguishable, evident, exact, sive, conclusory, confirmative, consummate, crowning, de-
explicit, express, fixed, in focus, manifest, narrow, obvious, cided, decisive, definite, determinate, determinative, deter-
patent, perceptible, plain, precise, qualified, quantified, mining, exact, exhaustive, final, fixed, incontestable,
recognizable, specific, straightened, unambiguous, un- incontrovertible, indisputable, indubitable, irrefutable, last,
equivocal, unmistakable most complete, most precise, perfect, supreme, termina-
tional, terminative, thorough, ultimate, unassailable, uncon-
DEFINED (Determined), adjective actual, bound, tested, undeniable, undisputed, undoubted, unimpeach-
bounded, determined, finite, fixed, limited, precise, re- able, unquestionable, without doubt, without question
stricted, specific, stated ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: definitive decree, definitive judgment,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: defined crime, defined nature of an definitive order
offense, defined offense, defined within a statute
DEFLAGRATE, verb blaze, burn, burn fiercely, burn up,
DEFINED MEANING, noun accurate meaning, correct burst into flame, conflagrate, consume, cremate, fire, flame,
meaning, definition, distinct meaning, exact meaning, ex- flame up, flare, flare up, flash, ignite, incandesce, incinerate,
planation, explicit meaning, express meaning, faithful inflame, reduce to ashes, scorch, sear, singe, torrefy
meaning, inflexible meaning, literal meaning, methodical
meaning, meticulous meaning, narrow meaning, not sub- DEFLATE, verb abate, collapse, constrict, cripple, debili-
ject to interpretation, ordinary meaning, plain meaning, tate, decrease, deduct, demote, depreciate, depress, de-
precise meaning, prescribed meaning, rigid meaning, rig- value, diminish, disable, disintegrate, dissipate, enfeeble,
orous meaning, sharply defined, significance, specific languish, lessen, minimize, reduce, sap, shrink, squash,
meaning, strict meaning, unbending meaning, uncompro- subside, succumb, take down, thin, tire, undermine, vitiate,
mising meaning, unequivocal meaning void, weaken, weary, wilt
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: construction, literal contract, literal
proof, plain meaning rule, rules of statutory, soft plain DEFLECT, verb avert, bend, curve, deviate, divert,
meaning rule, textualism move, pivot, rechannel, redirect, reflect, shift, shunt, side-
track, sway, swerve, switch, swivel, transfer, twist
DEFINITE, adjective absolute, accurate, actual, allowed,
ascertained, assured, attested, authoritative, axiomatic, be- DEFRAUD, verb befool, beguile, bilk, cheat, cheat out
yond all dispute, beyond all question, bound, bounded with of money, circumscribere, commit breach of trust, cozen,

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deceive, defraudare, delude, deprive dishonestly, dupe, putrefy, render chaotic, retrogress, rot, run down, shrivel,
embezzle, fleece, fool, hoax, inveigle, levant, mislead, sicken, sink, sink to a lower condition, taint, vitiate, wane,
mulct, obtain money on false pretenses, peculate, practice waste, wear, wear away, wither, worsen
chicanery, practice fraud upon, swindle, take advantage of,
take by fraud, take in, trick DEGRADATION, noun abasement, abjection, baseness,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: conspiracy to defraud, intent to de- debasement, decadence, decadency, declension, declination,
fraud, use of mails to defraud decline, dedecus, degeneratess, degeneration, demotion, de-
prival of honor, deterioration, discredit, disgrace, dishonor,
DEFRAY, verb adjust, bear the cost, bear the expense, dismissal from office, disrepute, fall from repute, humiliation,
compensate, contribute, disburse, discharge, expend, ignominia, ignominy, ingloriousness, obloquy, odium, oppro-
foot the bill, give compensation for, honor a bill, indem- brium, reduction in rank, retrogradation, retrogression, shame
nify, liquidate, make payment, make repayment, make
restitution, meet the bill, pay, pay an indemnity, pay DEGREE (Academic title), noun academic honor, award,
compensation, pay for, pay one’s way, pay reparations, certificate, collegiate distinction, credentials, credit, dignifi-
pay the costs, redeem, refund, reimburse, remit, remu- cation, diploma, distinction, graduation certificate, qualifi-
nerate, repay, requite, satisfy a claim, solvere, spend, cation, title, title of honor
stand the cost, suppeditare
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: defraying cost, defraying expenses DEGREE (Kinship), noun affiliation, blood relation,
blood relationship, cognation, connation, connection, con-
DEFRAYAL, noun collection, compensation, defray- sanguinity, extraction, family connection, family relation-
ment, disbursement, expenditure, expense, pay, payment, ship, family tie, filiation, line of descent, proximity of blood,
payoff, quittance, recovery, reimbursement, remittance, relatedness, relationship between persons, ties of blood
remuneration, satisfaction, settlement of charges ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: degree of descent, degree of kindred

DEFT, adjective able, accomplished, adept, adroit, agile, DEGREE (Magnitude), noun amount, amplitude, caliber,
apt, canny, capable, clever, competent, cunning, dexterous, consequence, dimension, enormity, expanse, extent,
efficient, expert, facile, flexible, gifted, good at, handy, inge- greatness, import, importance, intensity, largeness, mea-
nious, light, masterful, masterly, nimble, nimble-fingered, sure, measurement, might, moment, proportions, range,
practiced, proficient, qualified, quick, resourceful, sharp, reach, scope, seriousness, significance, strength, tenor,
skilled, skillful, slick, smooth, talented value, vastness, volume, weight
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: degree of care, degree of certainty,
DEFUNCT, adjective abrogated, all gone, all over with, degree of crime, degree of disability, degree of offense,
annulled, canceled, dead, deceased, demised, departed, de- degree of proof, degrees of criminality, highest degree of
void of life, ended, exanimate, expired, extinct, finished, care, lesser included offenses
gone, gone out of existence, inactive, inefficacious, inopera- FOREIGN PHRASES: Quae sunt minoris culpae sunt majoris
tive, lifeless, mortuus, no longer living, no more, not en- infamiae. Those things which are less culpable may be
dowed with life, not existing, not in action, not in force, obso- more infamous.
lete, old-fashioned, out-of-fashion, passed away, past,
perished, terminated, unknown, unobserved, unused, van- DEGREE (Station), noun classification, echelon, grada-
ished, void, without life tion, grade, gradus, level of development, manner, mark,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: defunct business, defunct corporation ordo, plane, point, position, rank, ranking, relative position,
rung, situation, stage, stage of advancement, standing,
DEFY, verb affront, assume a fighting attitude, battle, status, step, tier
beard, brave, breast, buck, challenge, conflict with, con-
front, dare, disobey, disregard, flout, front, mutiny, op- DEIGN, verb allow, allow with condescension, be so
pose, outface, provocare, rebel, resist, resist openly, stand good as to, condescend, descend, favor, grant, patronize,
up against, withstand stoop, vouchsafe
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: defy a court order
DEJECTED, adjective brokenhearted, crestfallen, de-
DEGENERATE, noun corrupt person, debased person, pressed, despondent, disconsolate, doleful, down, down-
debauchee, decadent person, degraded person, depraved cast, downhearted, forlorn, gloomy, glum, heartsick, heart-
person, derelict, disreputable person, immoral person, per- sore, heavyhearted, inconsolable, joyless, melancholy,
vert, rapscallion, recreant, scamp, scapegrace, transgressor, miserable, mournful, rejected, unhappy, woeful, wretched
wastrel, worthless person
DELAY, noun cunctatio, cunctation, dalliance, decelera-
DEGENERATE, verb atrophy, be destroyed, be reduced tion, deferment, demurral, detainment, detention, dilatori-
in worth, be worse, become depraved, become deterio- ness, impediment, intermission, interruption, lag, lateness,
rated, become enfeebled, become impaired, become lower cessatio, mora, moratorium, pause, postponement, pro-
in quality, become notably worse, become perverted, be- crastination, prolongation, prorogation, putting off, retar-
come tainted, become worse, break up, canker, come dation, setback, slowness, stall, stay, suspension, tardiness,
down, consume, corrupt, crumble, debase, debase in qual- tarriance, wait
ity, debauch, decay, decline, decompose, degenerare, de- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: dilatory motions
grade, deprave, derange, deteriorate, dilapidate, disband, FOREIGN PHRASES: De morte hominis nulla est cunctatio
disintegrate, disorder, dissolve, ebb, erode, fall apart, fall longa. When the death of a human being may be con-
away, fall into decay, fall off, fall to pieces, get worse, go cerned, no delay is considered long. Justitia non est
bad, go to pieces, grow weak, grow worse, languish, lapse, neganda non differenda. Justice is neither to be denied
lessen in worth, lose morale, make inferior in value, make nor delayed. Dilationes in lege sunt odiosae. Delays are
lower in character, make worse, moulder, poison, pollute, odious to the law.

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DELAY, verb adjourn, arrest, arrest temporarily, be dila- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: delegation of authority, delegation of
tory, block, bring to a standstill, curb, defer, detain, detinere, duty, delegation of governmental power, delegation of ju-
hamper, hinder, hold, hold back, hold in abeyance, hold dicial power, delegation of legislative functions, delegation
over, hold up, impede, impede the progress of, interfere, of legislative power, delegation of power
intermit, keep back, keep from proceeding, keep one wait- FOREIGN PHRASES: Vicarius non habet vicarium. A deputy
ing, keep pending, lay over, linger, loiter, make inactive, cannot have a deputy. Quod per me non possum, nec
obstruct, postpone, prevent, prolong, protract, put off, per alium. What I cannot do myself, I cannot do through
remit, retard, set back, shelve, slacken, slow, slow down, another. Delegatas potestas non potest delegari. A
slow up, stall, stall for time, stand in the way, stay, stop, delegated power cannot be further delegated. Delegatus
stymie, table, tardare, tarry, temporize non potest delegare. A representative cannot delegate
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accidental delays, damages for delay, his authority.
delay beyond the seller’s control, delay occasioned by the
defendant, delayed compensation, dilatory delay, excus- DELEGATION (Envoy), noun body of delegates, body of
able delay, excuse for delay, hinder and delay, inexcusable representatives, commission, committee, delegates, depu-
delay, justifiable delay, laches, unavoidable delay, unrea- ties, embassy, legation, mission, people delegated, procu-
sonable delay, without delay racy, representatives

DELAYED (Arrested), adjective adjourned, belated, con- DELETE, verb blot out, cancel, censor, cross off, cross
tained, deferred, dilatory, late, lingering, overdue, post- out, cut, cut out, dele, discard, do away with, drop, edit out,
poned, protracted, remanded, restrained, set back, efface, elide, eliminate, eradicate, erase, excise, expel, ex-
stopped, suspended, tabled, tardy, unpunctual, untimely punge, extirpate, get rid of, leave out, modify by excisions,
obliterate, omit, remove, rub out, rule out, scratch out, strike
DELAYED (Lagging), adjective arrested, behindhand, off, strike out, take out, weed, wipe out
delinquent, detained, impeded, in abeyance, in arrears,
late, overdue, sluggish DELETERIOUS, adjective adverse, bad, baleful, baneful,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: dilatory action, dismissal due to delay, consuming, corroding, corrosive, damaging, deadly, disad-
expedited proceedings, motion to accelerate the proceed- vantageous, disserviceable, envenomed, fatal, foul, harm-
ings, prejudice due to delay, right to a speedy trial, un- ful, injurious to health, insalubrious, lethal, malefic, malefi-
usual delay cent, malignant, miasmal, morbiferous, morbific, nocuous,
noisome, noxious, noxius, pernicious, pestilential, poison-
DELEGATE, verb accord, accredit, allocate, allot, ap- ous, ruinous, septic, toxic, unadvantageous, unfavorable,
point, appoint as agent, appoint as representative, assign, unhealthful, unhealthy, unsatisfactory, venomous, virulent,
assign a duty, assign power of attorney to, assign to a wasting
position, authorize, authorize formally, authorize to repre- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: deleterious drug, deleterious substance
sent, award, bestow, call upon, charge, charge with an
errand, charter, choose, commission, commit, commit DELIBERATE, adjective advised, aimed, attentive, cal-
powers to another, commit to the hands of, committere, culated, careful, carefully considered, carefully weighed,
confer power on, confide, confide for care, confide for use, cautious, characterized by reflection, cogitative, cogitatus,
consign, convey, credere, delegare, deliver, deliver in trust, conscious, consideratus, considered, contemplated, con-
deliver over, deposit with, depute, designate, designate to templative, controlled, deliberative, designed, determined,
a post, despatch, detail, devolve on, dispatch, employ, dispassionate, done on purpose, excogitative, fixed, full of
empower, empower to act for another, enable, engage, thought, given due consideration, gradual, intended, inten-
entitle, entrust, entrust to the care of another, give, give a tional, judged, leisurely, maturely considered, measured,
mandate, give a responsibility to, give authority to, give meditated, meditative, outlined beforehand, planned,
employment, give in charge, give in trust, give power, planned in advance, plotted, pondered, prearranged, pre-
give power of attorney, give to, hand over, hire, hold re- considered, predeliberated, predesigned, predetermined,
sponsible, impose a duty, impower, instate, intitle, intrust, premeditated, prepense, prudens, prudent, purposed, pur-
invest, invest with authoritative power, license, make poseful, reasoned, reflective, resolved, slow, slow-moving,
someone a trustee of, make someone guardian of, man- slow-paced, sober, speculative, studied, thought-out,
dare, name, name to fill an appointment, nominate, oblige, thoughtful, unhasty, unhurried, volitient, volitional, volitive,
offer a job to, offer a post, order, parcel out to, place in an voluntary, wary, weighed, well-considered, willed, willful,
office, place in charge of, place trust in, put in commission, with forethought
put in one’s hands, put in safekeeping, qualify, refer, rele- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: deliberate act, deliberate and pre-
gate, sanction, select, send, send as deputy, send on a meditated killing, deliberate and premeditated malice,
commission, send on a mission, send on an errand, send deliberate and premeditated murder, deliberate and willful
out, substitute, swear in, transfer, transmit, trust with, turn misconduct, deliberate assumption of risk, deliberate kill-
over to, vest in, warrant ing, deliberate or intentional wrongdoing, deliberate
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: delegated legislative function, dele- speed, deliberately and with premeditation, deliberative
gated power, delegated state function, delegation of au- body
thority
DELIBERATE, verb advise together, advise with, ana-
DELEGATION (Assignment), noun agency, agentship, lyze, brood, cerebrate, cogitate, confer formally, consider,
appointment, authorization, charge, commission, commis- consider attentively, consider carefully, consider pro and
sioning, consigning, consignment, delegating, deputation, con, considerare, consult, consultare, contemplate, debate,
deputization, designation, devolution, entrusting, entrust- deliberare, discourse about, discuss, examine, examine care-
ment, giving over, investing with authority, investiture, li- fully, excogitate, go into, hold a consultation, hold conclave,
cense, mandate, ordination, procuration, proxyship, refer- investigate, judge, meditate, mull over, negotiate, parley,
ence, referring, warrant ponder, ponder over, ponder reasons for and against,

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ratiocinate, reason, reason out, reason the point, reflect, DELINEATION, noun abstract, account, act of setting
reflect over, reflect upon, regard upon, review, ruminate, sit forth, the act of tracing, adumbratio, blueprint, chart, cir-
in conclave, sit in council, study, take counsel with oneself, cumscription, configuration, contour, débauche, depiction,
take into consideration, take under consideration, think depiction of essential features, descriptio, description, de-
carefully, think over, weigh, weigh in the mind sign, diagram, enumeration of the essential qualities, fac-
simile, form, framework, graph, line drawn round, map,
DELIBERATE OMISSION, noun abandonment, abnega- outline, pattern, plan, plot, portrayal, profile, recital, recita-
tion, ban, bar, boycott, breach, declination, defalcation, tion, relation, rendition, report, representation, representa-
default, delinquency, disregard, elision, exception, exclu- tion by words, rough draft, shape, silhouette, skeleton plan,
sion, failure of duty, intentional omission, laches, laxity, sketch, specification, statements that describe, structure,
leaving out, lockout, neglect, negligence, noncompliance, tracing, verbal portraiture, word picture
nonfulfillment, noninclusion, nonperformance, preclusion,
relinquishment, renunciation, repudiation, waiver DELINQUENCY (Failure of duty), noun breach, breach of a
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: obstruction of justice, perjury promise, carelessness, default, dereliction of duty, error, failure,
failure of obligation, failure to act, incompletion, indifference to
DELIBERATION, noun advisement, analysis, brooding, act, inobservance, lapse in conduct, malpractice, misprision,
calculation, careful consideration, carefulness, caution, cau- neglect, neglect of obligation, negligence, noncompletion,
tiousness, cerebration, circumspection, close attention, noncompletion of a task, nonfulfillment, nonobservance, non-
close study, cogitation, conscious purpose, consideration, performance, omission, omission of duty, omission of obliga-
consultatio, contemplation, contemplativeness, counsel, tion, oversight, repudiation of one’s duty, slight, slip, unfulfill-
debate, deliberatio, determination prepense, discussion, ment of an assignment, unfulfillment of duty
distinct intention, examination, excogitation, forethought,
heed, heedfulness, inquiry, inspection, intellection, judg- DELINQUENCY (Misconduct), noun atrocity, badness,
ment, level-headedness, logical discussion, mature consid- baseness, breach of the law, corruption, crime, criminality,
eration, mature reflection, meditation, pondering, pre- culpability, decadence, degeneracy, delictum, depravity,
meditation, prudence, ratiocination, reflection, rumination, dereliction, devilishness, dissoluteness, evil, evil behavior,
sobriety, study, taking counsel, thinking out, thought, fault, flagrante delicto, foulness, heinousness, immorality,
thoughtfulness, unhurriedness, wariness, watchfulness, improbity, impropriety, indiscretion, infraction, infraction of
weighing the law, infringement, iniquity, lawbreaking, lawlessness,
malefaction, malfeasance, malum, malversation, misbehav-
DELICATE (Confidential), adjective classified, hush- ior, misdeed, misdoing, misstep, nefariousness, obliquity,
hush, private, restricted, secret, topsecret offense, outrage, peccability, peccancy, prodigality, profli-
gacy, reprobacy, tort, transgression, trespass, turpitude,
DELICATE (Sensitive), adjective complicated, diplo- unvirtuousness, viciousness, vileness, villainousness, vil-
matic, discreet, politic, ticklish, touchy, tricky lainy, violation, wantonness, waywardness, wickedness,
wrong, wrongdoing
DELICATE (Tenuous), adjective breakable, brittle, crush- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: contributing to delinquency, delinquency
able, embrittled, feeble, flimsy, fragile, frail, gossamer, in- proceeding, juvenile delinquency
firm, precarious, sensitive, shaky, shivery, sick, slight, soft,
susceptible, tender, vulnerable, weak DELINQUENCY (Shortage), noun arrearage, arrears,
dearth, debt, default, deficiency, deficit, depletion, inability to
DELICT, noun corruption, crime, delictum, dereliction of pay, inadequacy, indebtment, insufficiency, lack, late pay-
duty, duty unfulfilled, felony, injurious act, injury, malefac- ment, liability, nonfulfillment, nonpayment, obligation, out-
tion, malfeasance, malversation, misdemeanor, misfea- standing debt, paucity, scantiness, scarcity, short measure,
sance, misprision, neglect of duty, negligent act of injury, short supply, shortage, shortness, sparseness, sparsity, unpaid
negligent offense, negligent wrongdoing, nonfeasance, amount
obligation repudiated, offense, official misconduct, tort, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: delinquency assessment, delinquency
violation, violation of a duty, wrong charges
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: quasi delict
DELINQUENT (Guilty of a misdeed), adjective accus-
DELIMIT, verb allot, bound, circumscribe, confine, de- able, at fault, bad, blamable, blameful, blameworthy, cen-
fine, demarcate, determine, draw the line, edge, encircle, surable, condemnable, conscienceless, corrupt, criminal,
enclose, encompass, fix, lay out a boundary, mark limits, culpable, derelict, dishonest, disreputable, erring, evil, evil-
mark off, mark out, measure, surround doing, evil-minded, flagrant, guilty, homo maleficus, im-
moral, improper, in error, in fault, in the wrong, incorrigible,
DELINEATE, verb adumbrare, block out, blueprint, cir- iniquitous, irredeemable, lawbreaking, maleficent, malevo-
cumscribe, construct a figure, contour, convey an impression lent, malfeasant, misbehaving, monstrous, nefarious, negli-
of, define, depict, depingere, describe, describere, detail, de- gent, offending, peccant, profligate, punishable, remiss,
termine, diagram, draft, draw, draw a picture, engrave, etch, reprehensible, reproachable, reprobate, scandalous, sinful,
figure, frame, give the details of, illuminate, illustrate, item- to blame, transgressing, unjust, unlawful, unprincipled,
ize, limn, make a likeness, make apparent, make clear, make unscrupulous, unseemly, unvirtuous, unworthy, vicious, vil-
vivid, map, mold, outline, paint, paint a picture, particularize, lainous, virtueless, wicked, worthless
picture, picturize, plot, portray, portray in words, profile, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: delinquent child, delinquent minors
recite, recount, relate, report, represent, represent by dia-
gram, represent by outlines, represent pictorially, set forth, DELINQUENT (Overdue), adjective back, behind, be-
shape, silhouette, sketch, sketch in outline, sketch out, hindhand, chargeable, defaultant, defaulting, deficient,
specify, specify the particulars of, survey, tell vividly, trace, due, failing in duty, in arrears, lacking, missing, neglectful
trace out, trace the outline of, traverse the outline of of obligation, not discharged, not met, not paid on time,

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outstanding, owed, owing, past due, payable, receivable, tradit. Delivery ought to, and can, transfer nothing more to
remiss, short, to be paid, undefrayed, unliquidated, un- him who receives than is in possession of him who makes
paid, unsatisfied, unsettled, wanting the delivery. Traditio loqui facit chartam. Delivery makes
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: delinquent assessments, delinquent the deed speak.
debtor, delinquent lands, delinquent payment, delinquent
premiums, delinquent property, delinquent taxes, delin- DELUDE, verb be cunning, befool, beguile, bluff, cause
quent taxpayer error, cheat, cozen, create a false impression, cully, dazzle,
deceive, decoy, defraud, deludere, dissemble, dupe, falsify,
DELINQUENT, noun criminal, culprit, dangerous per- fool, give a false idea, give a false impression, gull, hoax,
son, evildoer, guilty man, homo maleficus, insolvent hoodwink, illude, inveigle, lead astray, lead into error, make
debtor, lawbreaker, malefactor, malfeasor, mischief-maker, a fool of, misdirect, misguide, misinform, mislead, misrepre-
miscreant, misdemeanant, misdoer, misfeasor, neglector of sent, misstate, mystify, persuade to believe error, play a trick
duty, nonpayer, offender, recidivist, recreant, reprobate, on, practice chicanery, practice fraud upon, practice upon
rogue, ruffian, scofflaw, swindler, transgressor, trouble one’s credulity, swindle, take advantage of, take in, trick
maker, undesirable, worker of iniquity, wrongdoer
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: delinquent child, delinquent neglected DELUSIVE, adjective artful, beguiling, bogus, chimerical,
and dependent children, delinquent premiums, delinquent crafty, cunning, deceitful, deceiving, deceptive, deluding,
taxes, juvenile delinquent delusory, dreamy, elusive, fallacious, fallax, false, falsus,
fancied, fanciful, fantastic, fantastical, feigned, fraudulent,
DELIRIOUS (Incoherent), adjective bereft of reason, guileful, hallucinative, hallucinatory, illusionary, illusive, illu-
crazed, crazy, deranged, hallucinating, insane, lunacy, mad, sory, imaginary, imagined, insubstantial, make-believe,
mentally ill, rabid, ranting, raving, sick, unsound misleading, mock, notional, phantasmal, pretended, sham,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: criminally insane, insanity defense, in- sleightful, specious, spurious, tricky, unactual, unfounded,
voluntary commitment unreal, unsubstantial, untrue, vanus, visionary, wily

DELIRIOUS (Wildly happy), adjective ardent, blissful, DELVE, verb ask for, burrow, carry on intensive re-
carried away, ebullient, elated, electrified, enamored, ex- search, conduct an inquiry, dig down into, dig into, exam-
cited, fanatical, feverish, frantic, frenzied, happy, hectic, ine, explore, fathom, ferret out, fodere, follow the trail, go
impassioned, intoxicated, thrilled, tumultuous deep into, go in pursuit of, go in search of, go through,
hold an inquiry, hunt for, hunt through, inquire for, inquire
DELIVER, verb carry, cart, commit, communicate, convey, into, institute an inquiry, investigate, look around for, look
dedere, delegate, entrust, forward, give into another’s keep- behind the scenes, look for, look into, look through, make
ing, give out, hand, hand down, haul, impart, make over, inquiry, peer, penetrate, poke, probe, probe to the bottom,
pass on, place in the possession of, prodere, put into the prosecute an inquiry, pry, pursue, quest, research, rum-
hands of, relay, remit, send, ship, surrender, tradere, traject, mage, search, search for, search laboriously, search
transfer by deed, transfer property, transfer right, transfuse, through, seek, seek a clue, set up an inquiry, track, trail,
translate, translocate, transmit, transplant, transport, turn over unearth
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: agreement to deliver, constructively
delivered, deliver himself up, deliver in trust, deliver pos- DEMAGOGUE, noun agitator, charismatic leader, de-
session, deliver up, delivered for shipment, executed and claimer, exciter, factionary, factioneer, factious leader, fa-
delivered, sold and delivered, writing signed and delivered natic, firebrand, fomenter, haranguer, incentor, inciter, in-
flamer, instigator, leader, mob swayer, plebicola, plebis dux,
DELIVERY, noun actio, conveyance, conveyancing, de- politician, popular agitator, provocator, provoker, rabble-
liverance, dictio, elocutio, impartment, mutual transfer, re- rouser, radical, ranter, rebel, revolutionary, ringleader,
mittance, rendering, sending, shipment, surrender, transfer, rouser, troublemaker, unprincipled politician, unscrupulous
transference, transferral, transmission, transmittal, transmit- agitator, unscrupulous haranguer, urger
tance, transposal, transposition
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: absolute delivery, acceptance, ac- DEMAND, noun asking for what is due, assertion of
knowledgment of delivery, actual delivery, complete deliv- legal right, authoritative request, behest, bidding, call,
ery, conditional delivery, constructive delivery, contingent claim, command, emphatic inquiry, exigency, imperative
delivery, delivery and acceptance, delivery bond, delivery request, imposition, legal claim, notice of claim, order, pe-
f.o.b., delivery in escrow, delivery of a deed, delivery of an remptory claim, request to perform, requirement, requi-
instrument, delivery of deed, delivery of freight, delivery of site, statement of claim, ultimatum
goods, delivery of instrument, delivery of mail, delivery of ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: actual demand, cross demand, de-
possession, delivery terms, delivery to a third person, fail- mand and refusal, demand certificates, demand deposits,
ure of delivery, failure to make delivery, immediate deliv- demand for payment, demand for relief, demand instru-
ery, improper delivery, misdelivery, nondelivery, partial ments, demand note, excessive demands, legal demand,
delivery, personal delivery, prompt delivery, proper deliv- notice and demand, on demand, presentment and de-
ery, sale and delivery, sale for future delivery, substituted mand, unreasonable demand
delivery, symbolic delivery, tender of delivery, uncondi- FOREIGN PHRASES: Rogationes, quaestiones, et positiones
tional delivery, valid delivery debent esse simplices. Demands, questions, and claims
FOREIGN PHRASES: In traditionibus scriptorum, non quod ought to be simple.
dictum est, sed quod gestum est, inspicitur. In the deliv-
ery of writings, not what is said, but what is done, is re- DEMAND, verb arrogate, ask, ask for with authority,
garded. Periculum rei venditae, nondum traditae, est assert a right to, assert one’s rights, call for, claim, claim as
emptoris. The risk of a thing sold, but not yet delivered, is one’s due, command, direct, enjoin, exact, give notice,
the purchaser’s. Traditio nihil amplius transferre debet impose, insist, make application, order, present one’s
vel potest, ad eum qui accipit, quam est apud eum qui claim, press, request, require, urge

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ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: actual demand, cross demand, de- make way for, quit, relinquish, renounce, resign, retire, re-
mand and refusal, demand certificates, demand deposits, tire from office, stand aside, stand down, tender one’s
demand for payment, demand for relief, demand instru- resignation, vacate office, vacate one’s seat, withdraw
ments, demand note, excessive demands, legal demand,
notice and demand, on demand, presentment and de- DEMOBILIZE, noun cure, curtail, deactivate, demilita-
mand, unreasonable demand rize, disarm, disband, disengage, fix, limit, reduce, remedy,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Nihil peti potest ante id tempus quo per sever, stop
rerum naturam persolvi possit. Nothing can be de- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: demobilize forces involved in an
manded before the time when, in the nature of things, it armed conflict
can be paid. Judex non reddit plus quam quod petens
ipse requirit. A judge should not render judgments for a DEMONSTRABLE, adjective absolute, apparent, assured,
larger sum than the plaintiff demands. beyond a question, beyond all doubt, clear, clear-cut, conclu-
sive, decided, definite, dependable, determinate, doubtless,
DEMARCATE, verb allocate, allot, apportion, assign, established, evident, incontestable, indisputable, indubitable,
border, bound, circumscribe, compass, confine, contradis- not to be disputed, positive, stable, trustworthy, unambigu-
tinguish, define, delimit, delimitate, demark, determine, ous, unequivocal, unimpeachable, unmistakable, unqualified,
determine boundaries, differentiate, discriminate, distin- unquestionable, valid, veracious, without doubt, workable
guish, disunite, divide, enclose, encompass, establish
boundaries, fence off, fix limits, lay down limits, limit, mark, DEMONSTRATE (Establish), verb authenticate, circum-
mark limits, mark out, outline, partition, rope off, segregate, stantiate, clarify, confirm, corroborate, display, elucidate,
separate, set apart, set bounds to, set off, stake out, zone evince, exemplify, exhibit, illuminate, illustrate, indicate,
instruct, lay out, make clear, make evident, make plain,
DEMEAN (Deport oneself), verb acquit, act, appear, manifest, perform, point out, prove, set forth, show, show
bear, behave, carry, comport, conduct, convey the impres- by example, substantiate, support, sustain, teach by ex-
sion, create the impression, function, have the mien, leave ample, uphold, validate, verify
the impression, look, manage, present oneself, present the
appearance, quit, represent oneself, resemble, seem, seem DEMONSTRATE (Protest), verb challenge, clamor, com-
to be, show, take on the manner plain publicly, contravene, controvert, counter, counteract,
cry out against, declare opposition, demur, denounce, dis-
DEMEAN (Make lower), verb abase, belittle, bring down, sent, expostulate, express disagreement, express disap-
bring into disrepute, bring low, cheapen, conquer, crush, de- proval, express dissatisfaction, impugn, inveigh, march,
base, deflate, degrade, depreciate, derogate, descend, detract negate, object, oppose, parade, picket, rail, reject, reluct,
from, diminish, discredit, disgrace, dishonor, disparage, hum- remonstrate, resist, show disagreement, show disapproval,
ble, humiliate, lower, make ashamed, make lowly, mortify, put show opinion publicly, show opposition, spurn, state op-
down, reduce, shame, stain, take down, tarnish, vanquish position, storm, traverse

DEMEANOR, noun appearance, aspect, attitude, bearing, DEMONSTRATIVE (Expressive of emotion), adjective
behavior, carriage, comportment, conduct, countenance, communicative, effusive, emotional, emotive, excitable,
deportment, expression, guise, look, manner, mien, physi- expressive, fanatical, fervent, feverish, fierce, fiery, free in
cal appearance, poise, posture, presence, way expression, furious, histrionic, maudlin, overflowing, over-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: demeanor of witnesses wrought, passionate, prone to display of feeling, prone to
emotional display, talkative, temperamental, unrestrained,
DEMESNE, noun acquest, chattels real, domain, domin- vehement, violent, without reserve
ion, empire, estate, freehold, hereditament, holding, land,
landed estate, landed property, manor, one’s own land, DEMONSTRATIVE (Illustrative), adjective affording
property, real estate, real property, realm, realty proof, allegorical, analytical, annotative, characteristic,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: demesne lands clarifying, confirmative, confirmatory, confirming, connota-
tive, corroborating, declarative, delineatory, depictive, de-
DEMISE (Conveyance), noun abalienation, alienation, scriptive, elucidative, enlightening, exegetic, exegetical,
bequeathal, cession, conferment, conferral, conveyancing, explanatory, explicative, explicatory, explicit, expository,
deeding, deliverance, delivery, testamentary disposition, expressive, graphic, illuminating, illuminative, informative,
transfer, transference, transmission, transmittal informing, interpretative, interpretive, representative, re-
vealing, showing, substantiative, suggesting, suggestive,
DEMISE (Death), noun annihilation, cessation of life, supportive, telling, typical, verificative, verifying
decease, departure, end of life, expiration, extinction, ex- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: demonstrative bequest, demonstrative
tinguishment, loss of life, mortality, necrosis, passing away evidence, demonstrative gift, demonstrative legacy, de-
monstrative words
DEMISE, verb award, bequeath, bestow by will, confer
by will, convey, deliver over, devise, devolve upon, endow, DEMOTE, verb abase, belittle, bring down, bring low,
give by will, grant by will, hand down, leave, leave a leg- cashier, cause to descend, cause to sink, debase, decrease
acy, leave by will, make a bequest, make a legacy, make in importance, dedecorate, deflate, degrade, demean,
testamentary disposition, pass by will, pass down, transfer depose, depreciate, deprive, dethrone, diminish, dis-
by will, transfer ownership, transmit, will crown, dismiss from favor, dispossess, disrate, divest,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: demise and grant, demise for a term downgrade, drop, humble, impose a penalty, lessen im-
of years, demise for life, demised premises portance of, lower, lower in rank, make less important,
otherwordly, penalize, reduce, reduce to inferior rank, re-
DEMIT, verb abdicate, give up, go into retirement, duce to the ranks, relieve, remove from office, strip, take
hand in one’s resignation, lay down one’s office, leave, down, unseat

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ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: demotion in rank, demotion in salary, cast aspersions, charge, compromise, condemn, criticize,
demotion of employee decry, defame, degrade, delate, denounce, depreciate, de-
ride, dishonor, expose, gibbet, give a bad name, humiliate,
DEMUR, verb beg to differ, challenge, contradict, contra- implicate, incriminate, inculpate, insult, libel, lower, malign,
vene, controvert, deny, differ, disagree, disapprove, dis- pillory, put in a bad light, put to shame, reflect poorly upon,
avow, dissent, enter a demurrer, exceptionem facere, not reproach, reprove, revile, run down, shame, slander, smear,
confirm, object, oppose, protest, raise objections, reject, smirch, sneer at, soil, speak ill of, stain, stigmatize, sully,
repudiate, scruple, take exception, traverse, withhold assent tarnish, taunt, traduce, vilify, vilipend, vituperate

DEMURE, adjective bashful, blushful, blushing, chary, DENIZEN, noun burgher, citizen, dweller, habitant, inc-
constrained, diffident, humble, introverted, modest, reces- ola, indweller, inhabitant, inmate, occupant, occupier, op-
sive, recoiling, reserved, reticent, sedate, self-conscious, pidan, resident, residentiary, sojourner, tenant, townsman
self-effacing, serious, sheepish, shy, silent, sober, staid,
timid, timorous, unassertive, unassuming, verecund, with- DENOMINATE, verb call, call by name, christen, classify,
drawn coin, denominare, denote, designate, distinguish by name,
dub, entitle, give a name to, give title to, label, name,
DEMURRAGE, noun compensation for delay, payment phrase, signify, specify, style, term, title
for delay, penalty for delay, remittance for delay
DENOMINATION, noun appellation, association, band,
DEMURRER, noun be at variance, challenge, challenge branch, brotherhood, caption, categorization, category,
to the sufficiency of the pleading, confutation, denial of the characterization, class, classification, clique, community,
allegations, denial of the pleading, denial of the statements, coterie, description, designation, differentiation, distinc-
exception, exception to a pleading, general denial, nega- tion, division, faction, genre, group, grouping, heading,
tion of allegations, objection, objection to a pleading, op- identification, kind, label, movement, name, nomenclature,
position to allegations, refusal to answer, refutation, repu- order, organization, party, persuasion, religious order, sect,
diation of the allegations, take exception to the allegations, section, species, subdivision, term, terminology, title,
take issue with, traversal trademark, type, variety
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: argumentative demurrer, demurrer to ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: denomination of money, denomina-
a pleading, demurrer to evidence, demurrer to interrogato- tional institution, denominational school, religious denomi-
ries, frivolous demurrer, general demurrer, special demurrer nation

DENATURE, verb adulterate, alter, attemper, bemingle, DENOTE, verb be a name for, be a sign of, be an indica-
blend, change, cheapen, convert, corrupt, deform, denatu- tion of, bespeak, betoken, convey a meaning, denominate,
ralize, devalue, dilute, disguise, distort, doctor, impair, in- denotate, depict, depicture, designare, designate, express,
fuse, intermix, introduce changes, invalidate, make impure, imply, indicare, indicate, label, mark, mean, note, point out,
make lower in quality, mask, mix, pervert, pollute, sophis- portray, refer to, represent, show, signal, significare, signify,
ticate, tamper with, transfigure, transform, transmute, viti- stand for, suggest, symbolize, tell the meaning of, token
ate, water down, weaken ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: denoting ownership, denoting pos-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: denatured food session

DENIAL, noun abjuration, abnegation, abridgment, DENOUEMENT, noun apodosis, climax, close, closing,
challenge, confutation, contradiction, contrary assertion, closure, completion, conclusion, consummation, dénoue-
contravention, deprivement, disaffirmation, disallowance, ment, determination, development, disclosure, disentan-
disavowal, disclaimer, disclamation, disentitlement, dis- glement, dissolution, end, ending, epilogue, eventuation,
sent, divestment, gainsaying, negatio, negation, negative fait accompli, final happening, final statement, final touch,
answer, nonacceptance, nonconsent, objection, privation, finale, finalization, finis, finish, finishing stroke, fruition,
prohibition, protest, protestation, rebuttal, recantation, issue, last act, outcome, outgrowth, quietus, realization,
refutation, rejection, relinquishment, renouncement, re- resolution, result, settlement, solution, summation, termi-
nunciation, repudiatio, repudiation, retraction, revocation, nation, terminus, unfolding, unraveling, unraveling of plot,
spurning, swearing off unveiling, upshot, windup
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: argumentative denial, denial of admit-
tance, denial of civil rights, denial of claim, denial of coun- DENOUNCE (Condemn), verb anathematize, animad-
sel, denial of due process, denial of equal protection, denial vert, asperse, assail, assail with censure, assault, attack, be
of knowledge or information, denial of liability, denial of censorious, belittle, berate, besmear, besmirch, blackball,
motion, denial of relief, general denial, specific denial blacken, blacklist, brand, bring into discredit, bring to ac-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Per rerum naturam, factum negantis count, call to account, calumniate, cast a slur upon, cast as-
nulla probatio est. It is the nature of things that a person persions, cast reflection upon, cast reproach upon, casti-
who denies a fact is not bound to give proof. Justitia non gate, cavil, censure, challenge, chastise, chide, cite,
est neganda, non differenda. Justice is neither to be de- comminate, condemn openly, contemn, criminate, criticize,
nied nor delayed. Qui non negat fatetur. He who does not criticize severely, cry down, cry out against, declaim
deny, admits. Posito uno oppositorum negatur alterum. against, decry, defame, deflate, degrade, denigrate, denun-
One of two opposite positions being established, the other ciate, deprecate, depreciate, derogate, destroy, detract,
is denied. Semper praesumitur pro negante. A presump- disapprove, discommend, discountenance, discredit, dis-
tion is always in favor of the person who denies. honor, disparage, dispraise, disvalue, dress down, excite
disapprobation, exclaim against, excoriate, execrate, find
DENIGRATE, verb abase, accuse, asperse, attack, at- fault with, frown upon, fulminate against, gibbet, impugn,
taint, belittle, besmear, besmirch, bespatter, blacken, blacken inculpate, inveigh, lash, malign, ostracize, pass censure on,
one’s good name, blemish, brand, call names, calumniate, pillory, protest against, publicly accuse, put in a bad light,

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rebuke, recriminate, reflect upon, remonstrate, reprehend, DEONTOLOGY, noun an ethical theory, constraint, de-
reprimand, reproach, reprobate, revile, scold, slur, smear, ontological ethics, following proscribed conduct, following
speak ill of, stigmatize, take exception to, take to task, tra- the rule without considering the consequences, obligatory
duce, upbraid, vilify, vilipend, vituperate action without considering the consequences

DENOUNCE (Inform against), verb accuse, arraign, bear DEPART, verb abscond, absent oneself, be gone, de-
witness against, blame, bring accusation, bring charges, camp, desert, deviate, differ, digress, disappear, disassoci-
charge, complain against, divulge, hold accountable, hold ate, discedere, disengage, disjoin, dissociate, diverge, di-
responsible, impeach, implicate, impute, incriminate, incul- vorce, emigrate, evacuate, exit, expatriate oneself, fade,
pate, incur blame, indict, inform, inform on, involve, lay flee, forsake, issue forth, leave, make an exit, march off,
blame upon, lay charges against, lodge a complaint, make part, recede, resign, retire, set out, start out, swerve, va-
charges against, make formal accusation against, name, cate, vanish, vary from, withdraw
point at, publicly accuse, report against, turn informer ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: depart from scope of employment,
depart from terms of a trust, depart from the state, depar-
DENSITY, noun closeness, compactness, concentration, ture in pleading, material departure
concretion, intransparency, opacity, opaqueness, palpabil-
ity, solidity, thickness DEPARTMENT, noun agency, area, assignment, branch,
bureau, categorization, category, chapter, class, classifica-
DENUDE, verb bare, bring to light, defoliate, denudate, tion, designation, district, division, domain, field, field of
disclose, disfurnish, disrobe, divest, doff, exhibit, expose, activity, jurisdiction, ministry, munus, pars, part, precinct,
flay, lay bare, lay open, lay waste, make naked, make pub- province, provincia, realm, section, sector, specialty,
lic, manifest, open, pare, peel, present to view, publicize, sphere, station, subdivision, subsection, zone
reveal, shed, show, shuck, skin, slough, strip, tear off, un- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: department of government, depart-
case, uncloak, unclothe, uncover, uncurtain, undo, undrape, ment of state, department rules and regulations, executive
undress, unfold, unfrock, unrobe, unscreen, unsheathe, department, judicial department, legislative department,
unshroud, unveil, unwrap, vent municipal department

DENUNCIATE, verb admonish, blame, castigate, cen- DEPARTURE (Change), noun alteration, amendment,
sure, charge, chide, complain, condemn, criticize, de- conversion, correction, deformation, deviation, difference,
nounce, disapprove, impute, indict, lambaste, rap, rebuke, digression, distortion, divergence, diversion, metamorpho-
reprehend, reproach, reprove, upbraid, vituperate sis, modification, modulation, rectification, redesign, redo-
ing, refashioning, reform, regulation, remaking, remodel-
DENUNCIATION, noun accusal, accusatio, accusation, ing, replacement, revamping, review, revision, reworking,
anathema, aspersion, backbiting, blame, calumny, carping, substitution, tweak, vacation, variation
castigation, censure, charge, chiding, commination, com-
plaint, condemnation, contumely, coup de bec, criticism, DEPARTURE (Leaving), noun abandonment, decamp-
damnation, decrial, defamation, delatio, delation, denigra- ing, decampment, disembarkation, egress, egression, em-
tion, denouncement, deprecation, depreciation, deroga- barkation, emigration, evacuation, exit, exiting, exodus,
tion, detraction, diatribe, disapprobation, disapproval, farewell, flight, leave-taking, parting, relinquishment, re-
discommendation, discountenance, disparagement, dis- moval, retreat, running away, withdrawal
praise, excoriation, execration, exposé, faultfinding, fulmi-
nation, incrimination, inculpation, indictment, informing DEPENDABILITY, noun allegiance, ardor, attachment,
against, invective, malediction, objurgation, obloquy, op- certainty, constancy, devotedness, devotion, doggedness,
probrium, philippic, plaint, rebuke, recrimination, repre- eagerness, earnestness, endurance, fealty, fidelity, fixedness,
hension, reprimand, reproach, reprobation, reproof, re- inerrancy, infallibility, loyalty, permanence, perseverance,
vilement, severe censure, slur, smear, stigmatization, regularity, reliability, reliance, resolution, responsibility, solid-
stricture, tirade, tongue-lashing, traducement, upbraiding, ity, solidness, staunchness, steadfastness, true-heartedness,
utter disapproval, vehement condemnation, vilification, trustworthiness, unfailingness, unflagging devotion, zeal
vituperation
DEPENDABLE, adjective assured, certain, conscien-
DENY (Contradict), verb contravene, controvert, declare tious, constant, devoted, faithful, guaranteed, incorrupt,
to be false, declare to be untrue, disaffirm, disagree, disallow, loyal, proved, proven, reliable, reputable, responsible,
disavow, disclaim, disown, dispute, dissent, forswear, gain- solid, stable, staunch, steadfast, steady, sure, tested, tried,
say, infitias ire, negare, negate, refuse to acknowledge, re- true, trustable, trusted, trustworthy, trusty, unchanging,
fuse to admit, refuse to allow, reject as erroneous, repudi- unfailing, upright, veracious
ate, traverse ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: dependable evidence
FOREIGN PHRASES: Ei incumbit probatio, qui dicit, non qui
negat; cum per rerum naturam factum negantis proba- DEPENDENT, adjective ancillary, conditional, condi-
tio nulla sit. The burden of proof lies upon him who asserts tioned, contingent, controlled by, derivative, derived from,
it, not upon him who denies; since by the nature of things, due to, evolved from, granted on certain terms, helpless,
he who denies a fact cannot produce any proof of it. imposing a condition, incident to, limited, minor, modified
by conditions, needing outside support, obnoxius, pen-
DENY (Refuse to grant), verb abnegate, forbid, keep dent, provisory, qualified, regulated by, reliant, restricted,
from, negare, prohibit, refuse to allow, refuse to bestow, resulting from, servile, subject, subject to, subordinate,
refuse to give, refuse to permit, refuse to supply, reject, subservient, sustained by, unable to exist without, weak
renege, renounce, withhold
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: deny a claim, deny a motion, deny a DEPENDENT, noun charge, child, helpless person, indi-
right, deny due process, deny liability vidual under guardianship, juvenile charge, minor, minor

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under guardianship, minor under protectorship, pensioner, DEPORT (Conduct oneself), verb acquit, act, bear one-
person under guardianship, vassal, ward self, behave, carry oneself, comport oneself
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: actual dependent, dependent and ne-
glected child, dependent person, dependent wife, lawful DEPORTATION, noun banishment, casting out, disloca-
dependent, legal dependent, minor dependent, partial de- tion, dismissal, displacement, driving out, ejection, eject-
pendency, total dependency ment, elimination, eviction, exclusion, exile, exilement, expa-
triation, expulsion, extradition, extrusion, forced departure,
DEPICT, verb characterize, communicate, connote, con- forced leave taking, ouster, purge, removal, riddance, send-
vey, delineate, depingere, describe, describere, detail, dia- ing away, thrusting out
gram, draw, effingere, embody, enunciate, evince, evoke,
exemplify, exhibit, explain, explicate, express, give an ac- DEPORTMENT, noun actions, address, air, appearance,
count, give expression to, illuminate, illustrate, indicate, aspect, attitude, bearing, behavior, breeding, carriage,
limn, manifest, outline, particularize, personify, picture, por- comportment, conduct, decorum, demeanor, dignity,
tray, recite, recount, relate, render an account, report, rep- guise, habitus, look, manner, mien, personal bearing,
resent, reveal, set forth, show, signify, sketch, specify, poise, port, posture, practice, presence, propriety, way,
symbolize, tell, tell vividly, typify ways

DEPICTION, noun caricature, delineation, drawing, elu- DEPOSE (Remove), verb cast away, cast out, demote,
cidation, fabrication, illustration, imitation, impersonation, deprive of rank, dethrone, discard, discharge, discharge
picture, portrait, portraiture, portrayal, rendering, rendition, from office, disemploy, disentitle, disestablish, dislodge,
representation, simulation, sketch, takeoff dismiss, displace, dispossess, divest, drive out, drop, eject,
evict, exile, expel, fire, impeach, loco movere, oust, oust
DEPLETE, verb beggar, bleed, consume, decrease, dissi- from office, put out, put out of possession, recall, reduce,
pate, drain, drain of resources, dry up, eliminate, empty, turn away, turn out, unseat, usurp
empty out, evacuate, exhaust, expend, finish, impoverish,
lessen, lose, pauperize, purge, reduce, render insufficient, DEPOSE (Testify), verb adduce, affirm, affirm under
run down, spend, unload, use up, void, waste, weaken, oath, asseverate, attest, aver, avouch, avow, bear witness
wear out to, certify, declare under oath, depone, give a solemn dec-
laration, give an account of, give evidence, give proof, give
DEPLORABLE, adjective afflicted, appalling, atrabilious, proof by a witness, give sworn testimony, make an affida-
atrocious, bad, black, calamitous, catastrophic, demoraliz- vit, make deposition, plead, profess, promise, relate, say
ing, depressing, depressive, despicable, dire, disagreeable, under oath, swear, swear under oath, testari, testificari,
disastrous, disheartening, dismal, displeasing, distasteful, verify, vouch, vouch for, witness
distressing, doleful, dolorous, dreadful, dreary, flebilis, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: depose a witness
frightful, ghastly, grievous, horrible, horrid, horrific, horrify-
ing, insufferable, intolerable, lamentable, miserabilis, miser- DEPOSIT, noun accumulation, collateral, collateral secu-
able, outrageous, pathetic, piteous, pitiable, pitiful, poor, rity, depositum, down payment, earnest pledge, forfeit,
regrettable, sad, shocking, sorrowful, sorry, terrible, tragic, gage, guarantee, installment, money in bank, part pay-
tragical, unbearable, undesirable, unfortunate, unhappy, ment, pawn, payment, pledge, retainer, security, stake,
unpleasant, unpleasing, unsatisfactory, untoward, vile, surety
wretched ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: binder, certificate of deposit, earnest
money, escrow, interpleader, savings deposit, security de-
DEPLORE, verb be sorry for, bemoan, bewail, brood posit, time deposit
over, complain, cry over, deflere, deplorare, express deep
grief for, fret over, grieve for, groan, lament, moan, mourn, DEPOSIT (Place), verb deponere, dump, install, lay, lo-
regard with sorrow, regret, regret profoundly, repine, rue, cate, lodge, place in a receptacle, plant, put, quarter, re-
shed tears over, show concern for, sigh for, sorrow over, posit, rest, set, settle, situate, stash, store, stow
view with regret, weep over
DEPOSIT (Submit to a bank), verb bank, commit, enter
DEPLOY, verb assign to battle stations, assign to posi- into an account, entrust, invest, keep an account, lay by,
tions, branch out, broaden, diffuse, dilatare, distribute, di- present money for safekeeping, put at interest, save
verge, expand, explicare, extend, fan out, outspread, place, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: interpleader, stake
radiate, scatter, splay, spread, spread out in battle forma-
tion, stretch out, thin out, unfold, unfurl, widen DEPOSITION, noun compurgation, declaration under
oath, disclosure, documentation, oral evidence, oral state-
DEPONENT, noun affiant, apprizer, attestant, attestator, ment under oath, proof by a witness, solemn declaration,
attester, attestor, communicant, communicator, compurga- statement on oath, statement under oath, sworn evi-
tor, enlightener, indicator, informant, informer, one who dence, testification, testimonial, testimonium, testimony,
attests, one who bears witness, one who gives evidence, transcript of testimony, vouching, written declaration
one who makes an affidavit, one who testifies under oath, under oath
party making an affidavit, reporter, swearer, teller, testifier,
voucher, witness, witness who gives testimony DEPOSITORY, noun apotheca, archives, bunker, cache,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: witness catchall, coffer, collection, container, depot, hold, holder,
magazine, place for safe keeping, place of deposit, recepta-
DEPORT (Banish), verb bar, cast out, dislodge, dismiss, cle, receptaculum, repertory, repository, reservoir, safe, safe-
displace, drive away, drive out, eject, evict, exclude, exile, deposit box, storage, store, storehouse, vault, warehouse
expatriate, expel, extradite, force out, oust, outlaw, re- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: depository box, legal depository,
move, send away, thrust out, transfer, transport, turn out reservoir

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 DERELICT

DEPRAVED, adjective abominable, bad, base, base- liberties, forfeiture of perquisites, forfeiture of prerogatives,
minded, contemptible, corrupt, debased, debauched, degen- forfeiture of privileges, hardship, loss, loss of benefits, loss
erate, degraded, deteriorated, disreputable, dissipated, disso- of entitlements, loss of rights, privation, sacrifice, scarcity,
lute, evil, execrable, flagitious, foul, gross, heinous, horrendous, seizure, suffering
immeritorious, immoral, indecent, iniquitous, lecherous, lewd,
licentious, low, low-minded, obscene, perverted, profligate, DEPRIVE, verb arrogate, attach, bereave, capture, com-
rank, ruined, salacious, shameful, shameless, sinful, unprinci- mandeer, confiscate, convert, denude, despoil, disendow,
pled, unscrupulous, vile, vitiated, vulgar, warped, wicked disentitle, disherit, disinherit, disown, dispossess, disseize,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: depraved act, depraved indifference, distrain, divest, expropriate, extort, fleece, foreclose, im-
depraved mind pound, impoverish, leave destitute, mulct, pauperize, pur-
loin, rob, seize, sequester, sequestrate, steal, strip, take
DEPRECATE, verb abominari, asperse, belittle, berate, away, tear away, usurp, wrench, wrest
cast aspersions, charge, decry, demean, denigrate, de- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: deprivation of liberty, deprivation of
nounce, deplore, derogate, detract, disapprove, disclaim, property, deprivation of right, deprive of employment, de-
discommend, discredit, disdain, disfavor, dislike, disparage, prive of life, deprived of liberty, deprived of substantial right
dispraise, disvalue, excoriate, exprobate, fault, find fault, FOREIGN PHRASES: Privatio praesupponit habitum. A depri-
impugn, inculpate, object, objurgate, oppose, protest, re- vation presupposes something possessed.
ject, repudiate, traduce, view with disfavor, vilipend
DEPUTATION (Delegation), noun agents, body of dele-
DEPRECIATE, verb atrophy, attenuate, become deterio- gates, body of representatives, commissaries, commission,
rated, become of less worth, belittle, censure, cheapen, committee, consulate, delegates, delegation, emissaries,
contemn, corrode, cut, debase, debilitate, decay, decline, envoys, factors, legati, legatio, legation, mission, plenipo-
decrease, decry, deduct, defame, deflate, degenerate, de- tentiaries, proxies, representation, representatives
grade, denigrate, denounce, depress, deride, derogate
from, deteriorate, detract from, detrectare, devaluate, de- DEPUTATION (Selection of delegates), noun appoint-
value, dilute, diminish the price of, diminish the value of, ing, appointment, assignment, authorization, authorizing,
discount, discredit, disesteem, disgrace, disparage, dis- commission, conferment, delegation, deputization, desig-
praise, drop, dwindle, ebb, enervate, enfeeble, erode, fall, nation, devolution, empowering, entrustment, installation,
fault, find fault with, get worse, grow less, grow worse, investiture, investment, nomination, procuration
impoverish, lessen, lessen the price of, lose value, lower,
lower in price, lower in reputation, lower in value, lower the DEPUTY, noun agent, alternate, ambassador, appointee,
value of, make little of, malign, minimize, misprize, obtrec- assignee, broker, commissary, commissioner, delegate,
tare, readjust downward, reduce the purchasing value of, emissary, envoy, factor, intermediary, legatus, lieutenant,
reduce the strength of, retrograde, run down, shrink, sink, minister, plenipotentiary, proctor, procurator, proxy, repre-
slight, slur, soil, spoil, stain, sully, taint, take away, tarnish, sentative, second, secondary, substitute, surrogate, vicar,
traduce, underestimate, underpraise, underprize, under- vicarius, vicegerent
rate, underreckon, undervalue, weaken, wear, worsen ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: de facto deputy, deputy commissioner,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: depreciate a loss, obsolescence deputy marshal, deputy officer, deputy sheriff, general
deputy, special deputy
DEPREDATION, noun foray, havoc, marauding, raid, FOREIGN PHRASES: Vicarius non habet vicarium. A deputy
rapine, ravaging, sack, spoliation cannot have a deputy.

DEPRESS, verb abase, bring down, bring low, cause to DERANGED, adjective bereft of reason, confused, de-
sink, cheapen, dampen, darken, decline, decrease, deflate, mens, demented, disarranged, disconcerted, disjointed,
deject, depreciate, deteriorate, devaluate, devalue, dimin- dislocated, disordered, disorganized, displaced, dissonant,
ish, discourage, dispirit, drop, ebb, flatten, indent, lessen, distraught, frenetic, frenzied, in disorder, incompetent, in-
lower, make despondent, make sad, plunge, press down, consistent, insane, insanus, insensate, mad, maddened,
reduce, sadden, shrink, sink, slump, squash, weaken maniacal, of unsound mind, rabid, reasonless, unbalanced,
unsettled
DEPRESSION, noun debasement, decline, deflation,
dejection, depreciation, despondence, despondency, dis- DERELICT (Abandoned), adjective adrift, avoided, cast
heartenment, dispiritedness, dolefulness, economic decline, aside, cast off, castaway, deserted, desolate, discarded, dis-
gloom, lowering, lowness, maeror, sinking, slump, tristitia owned, dispensed with, excluded, forgotten, forlorn, for-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: economic depression saken, friendless, given up, helpless, homeless, ignored,
isolated, jettisoned, left, lonely, lonesome, neglected, on the
DEPRIVATION, noun absence, adversity, affliction, be- fringe of society, outcast, rejected, relinquished, repudiated,
reavement, dearth, deficiency, denial, deprival, detriment, scorned, scrapped, set adrift, shunned, solitary, thrown over-
disadvantage, dispossession, distress, divestiture, divest- board, uncared for, unclaimed, unfortunate, unfriended, un-
ment, expropriation, forfeit, forfeiture, hardship, inade- owned, unpossessed, unwanted, wretched, written off
quacy, insufficiency, loss, paucity, penalty, poverty, priva- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: derelict property
tion, sacrifice, scarcity, seizure, shortage, suffering, want,
withdrawal, withholding DERELICT (Negligent), adjective careless, delinquent,
disregardful, dutiless, failing in duty, faithless, faulty, heed-
DEPRIVATION OF RIGHTS, noun absence, adversity, less, improvident, inattentive, inconsiderate, indifferent,
affliction deprival, dearth, deficiency, denial, deprival, detri- lax, neglectful, neglecting, regardless, remiss, slack,
ment, disadvantage, disenfranchisement, dispossession, thoughtless, uncircumspect, unconcerned, unfaithful, un-
divestiture, divestment, expropriation, forfeit, forfeiture, heedful, unheeding, uninterested, unmindful, unobservant,
forfeiture of benefits, forfeiture of entitlements, forfeiture of unwatchful

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DERELICT, noun displaced person, drifter, exile, fugi- DEROGATORY, adjective belittling, calumniatory, ca-
tive, ne’er-do-well, outcast, pariah, scamp, tramper, va- lumnious, censorious, condemnatory, contumelious, de-
grant, wanderer, wastrel famatory, denunciatory, deprecatory, depreciative, depre-
ciatory, detracting, detractory, disapprobatory,
DERELICTION, noun abandonment, breach, careless- disapproving, discrediting, disdainful, dishonoring, dispar-
ness, culpa, default, defection, delinquency, desertion, aging, faultfinding, injurious, lessening, libelous, objurga-
disregard, dutilessness, evasion, failure in duty, faithless- tory, pejorative, slanderous, slighting, uncomplimentary,
ness, heedlessness, indifference, laxity, laxness, mispri- unfavorable, unflattering
sion, neglect, neglectfulness, negligence, noncoopera- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: derogatory statements
tion, nonfeasance, nonobservence, nonperformance, FOREIGN PHRASES: Quae legi communi derogant stricte in-
omission, relinquishment, remissness, truancy, uncon- terpretantur. Those things which derogate from the com-
cern, unfaithfulness mon law are strictly interpreted. Quae legi communi
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: dereliction of duty, moral dereliction derogant non sunt trahenda in exemplum. Those things
which derogate from the common law are not to be drawn
DERISIVE, adjective caustic, contemptuous, crusty, deri- into precedent.
sory, derogatory, disdainful, impertinent, insolent, mean,
mocking, negative, scoffing, scornful, sneering, taunting DESCEND, verb bequeath, bestow, come down by
transmission, come down lineally, deed, demise, descend-
DERIVATION, noun ancestor, ancestry, antecedent, au- ere, endow, entrust, give, give by will, grant, hand down,
thor, authority, base, basis, begetter, beginning, birth, birth- hand on, leave a legacy, make a bequest, make a legacy,
place, causality, causation, cause, commencement, creator, pass by devise, pass by inheritance, pass by operation of
descent, determinant, extraction, family, first cause, first oc- law, pass by succession, pass down from generation to
casion, foundation, fount, fountainhead, generator, genesis, generation, pass on, settle upon, transmit, will, will and
ground, head, inception, issue, line, lineage, mainspring, bequeath
origin, origination, parent, parentage, prime motive, primo-
genitor, producer, progenitor, provenance, provenience, DESCENDANT, noun child, family, future generation,
reference, root, source, source material, spring, springhead, heir, issue, kin, lineage, offshoot, offspring, posterity, prog-
starting point, stem, stock, tracing back, ultimate cause eny, scion, succeeding generation, successor
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: descendants of the line, direct descen-
DERIVATIVE, adjective ascribable, attributable, caused, dant, lawful descendants, lineal descendant or heir, lineal
coming from, consequent, consequential, derivate, deriva- descendants
tional, derived, deriving, descendant, descended, ensuing,
evolved, following, hereditary, imitative, resultant, result- DESCENT (Declination), noun change from higher to
ing, secondary, sequent, subordinate, subsequent, subsid- lower, comedown, coming down, downrush, droop, drop,
iary, vicarious falling, going down, inclination downward, lapse, settle-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: derivative action, derivative author- ment, sinking, subsidence
ity, derivative deed, derivative jurisdiction, derivative lia-
bilities, derivative powers, derivative rights, derivative DESCENT (Lineage), noun ancestry, birth, birthright,
stockholder’s suit, derivative title blood, bloodline, breed, clan, derivation, dynasty, extrac-
tion, family tree, filiation, genealogy, heredity, heritage,
DERIVATIVE WORK, noun consequential work, corol- kin, line, line of ancestors, origin, parentage, paternity,
lary work, ensuing work, resulting work, secondary work, pedigree, race, stock, strain
subsequent work ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: ancestors, collateral descent, descen-
dants, line of descent, right and interest by descent, title by
DERIVE (Deduce), verb conclude, construe, deducere, descent
draw a conclusion, draw an inference, extract, infer, make a
deduction, obtain by reasoning, reason, theorize, trace DESCRIBE, verb annotate, be specific, characterize, clar-
ify, define, delineate, depict, depingere, describere, detail,
DERIVE (Receive), verb acquire, come into possession, elucidate, explain, explicare, expound, give an account,
draw from, extract, get, glean, obtain, procure, secure, identify, illuminate, illustrate, itemize, make clear, make
take, trahere plain, make vivid, outline, paint, particularize, picture,
portray, portray in words, represent by words, specify,
DEROGATE, verb abase, asperse, be derogatory, belittle, spell out
besmirch, bespatter, blacken, blot, brand, bring down, bring ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: falsely describe
into discredit, bring low, bring shame upon, calumniate, cast
a slur upon, cast aspersions, debase, decry, defame, demean, DESCRIPTION, noun account, characterization, defini-
demote, denigrate, depreciate, depress, deprive, derogare, tion, delineation, depiction, descriptio, details, enarratio,
detract, detrahere, diminish, discredit, disgrace, dishonor, explanation, expositio, formulation, narrative, outline, par-
disparage, dispraise, disprize, disrate, humble, incur disgrace, ticulars, portrayal, profile, sketch, specification
lessen, lessen the reputation of, lower, make ashamed, make ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: correct description, description in a
little of, make lowly, make smaller, malign, misprize, not do will, description of goods, description of land, description
justice to, pull down, put down, reduce, revile, ridicule, run of persons, description of property, specific description
down, scoff, shame, smirch, sneer at, speak evil of, speak ill FOREIGN PHRASES: Veritas demonstrationis tollit errorem
of, speak slightingly of, stain, subtract from, sully, taint, take nominis. In all penal judgments, allowance is made for
something from, tarnish, traduce, underestimate, underrate, youth and lack of prudence. Falsa demonstratione lega-
underreckon, undervalue, vilify, vilipend, weaken tum non perimi. A legacy is not nullified by an incorrect
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: derogation of common law, deroga- description. Praesentia corporis tollit errorem nominis;
tion of deed, derogation of right et veritas nominis tollit errorem demonstrationis.

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 DESIST

The presence of the body cures an error in the name; and purpose, stratagem, strategy, target, ultimate end, view,
the accuracy of the name cures an error of description. Non way of doing things, will
accipi debent verba in demonstrationem falsam, quae ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: common design, formed design, pre-
competunt in limitationem veram. Words ought not to meditated design
be taken to import a false description which may be taken
to describe a true limitation. DESIGNATE, verb appoint, assign, authorize, be spe-
cific, characterize, choose, commission, declare, define,
DESCRIPTIVE, adjective characterizing, circumstantial, denominate, denote, designare, detail, determine, dis-
classificatory, clear, definitional, definitive, delineative, des- criminate, earmark, enter into detail, entitle, express, fix,
ignating, detailed, eloquent, explanatory, explicatory, ex- formulate, indicate, itemize, mark, mark out, mention,
positive, expository, graphic, identifying, illuminating, illu- name, nominare, nominate, notare, note, particularize, pin-
minative, illustrative, interpretive, lifelike, narrative, point, point out, select, set, set apart, set aside, show, signify,
particularized, photographic, pictorial, realistic, representa- specify, stipulate
tional, representative, revealing, specific, true-to-life, vivid, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: designate as a beneficiary, designate
well-drawn as an agent, designate as an executor
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: descriptive calls, descriptive term,
descriptive trade name, descriptive trademark, descriptive DESIGNATED PUBLIC FORUM, noun a strict scrutiny
word forum, area created by government for purpose of fostering
political speech, forum designated for public discourse
DESCRIPTIVISM, noun a theory of the study of lan-
guage, accepted usage, accepted use, common interpreta- DESIGNATION (Naming), noun appellation, appoint-
tion, common usage, common use, customary application, ment, approval, assigning, assignment, authorization, call-
customary use, description, descriptive linguistics, linguis- ing, categorization, choosing, commissioning, delegating,
tic description, practical use, vernacular delegation, denomination, denotation, deputation, descrip-
tion, designatio, fixing, identification, indication, installation,
DESEGREGATE, verb admix, agglomerate, amalgamate, label, ordainment, ordination, particularization, placing in
assimilate, associate, band, be mixed, blend, coalesce, office, pointing out, selection, signification, specification,
combine racially, combine with, commingle, commix, com- stipulation
pound, confederate, conglomerate, conjoin, connect, con- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: designated agent, designated docu-
solidate, eliminate racial segregation, fuse, incorporate, in- ment, designation of beneficiary
stitute commingling of races, integrate, interblend,
interfuse, interlace, interlard, intermingle, intermix, join DESIGNATION (Symbol), noun badge, cipher, distin-
together, make no racial distinctions, mass, meld, merge, guishing mark, earmark, emblem, hallmark, identification
merge in, mingle, mix, promote racial harmony, promote mark, indicator, indicium, initial, insignia, label, mark,
racial mixing, to bring together, unify, unite name, representation, sign, standard, title, token, totem,
trademark, type
DESERTION, noun abandonment, abandonment of al-
legiance, abjuration, absence without leave, act of forsak- DESIRABLE (Pleasing), adjective enjoyable, gratifying,
ing, apostasy, AWOL, defection, departure, derelictio, dis- pleasant, pleasurable, pleasureful, welcome
affection, disloyalty, flight, forsaking, forswearing, leaving,
mutiny, quitting, recreancy, renouncement, renunciation, DESIRABLE (Qualified), adjective acceptable, eligible,
repudiation, resignation, secession, unlawful departure, entitled, qualified, recommendable, suitable, worthy
willful abandonment
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: constructive desertion, willful deser- DESIRE, noun ambition, appetency, appetite, appetitio,
tion ardent impulse, ardor, aspiration, attraction, avidity, bent,
concupiscence, covetousness, craving, cupiditas, cupidity,
DESIDERATUM, noun aim, ambition, aspiration, desid- desiderium, eagerness, fancy, fondness, hankering, hunger,
eration, desire, essential object of desire, exigency, goal, impulse, inclination, liking, longing, lust, motive, predilec-
necessary, necessity, need, objective, requirement, requi- tion, proclivity, propensity, rapaciousness, thirst, urge,
site, requisition, want want, will, wish, yearning, yen
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: precatory words
DESIGN (Construction plan), noun blueprint, chart,
conception, delineation, depiction, descriptio, diagram, DESIRE, verb apply for, ask, ask for, aspire, be after, be
draft, drawing, forma, graph, layout, lineamenta, map, bent upon, be eager, beg a favor, call for, clamor for, covet,
model, outline, picture, plan, preliminary drawing, pro- crave, cry out for, desiderate, entreat, expetere, express a
jection, proof, rendering, representation, rough cast, wish to obtain, have a proclivity, have a yearning, have an
rough copy, rough representation, skeleton, sketch, appetite, have an impulse, have designs on, have one’s
treatment heart set on, hope for, incline, like to, long for, make a re-
quest for, make application for, press, pursue, put in a claim
DESIGN (Intent), noun aim, ambition, animus, ap- for, request, solicit, supplicate, urge, want, wish for
proach, aspiration, bent, consilium, consulto, contempla- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: precatory words
tion, course of action, desire, destination, determination,
direction, end, end in view, expectation, fixed purpose, DESIST, verb abstain, arrest, be quiescent, call off,
forethought, goal, hope, inclination, intention, intentional- cease, check, desinere, desistere, discontinue, end, finish,
ity, meaning, mission, motive, object, objective, plan, plan forbear, freeze, halt, hold, intermit, interrupt, leave off,
of attack, predetermination, projected goal, proposed ac- make inactive, put a stop to, refrain, repose, rest, stand,
tion, proposed sequence of action, purport, purpose, pur- stay, stop, surcease, suspend, terminate
pose in view, pursuit, resolve, scheme, set purpose, settled ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: cease and desist order

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 DESPICABLE

DESPICABLE, adjective abhorrent, abominable, con- make null, nullify, put an end to, render ineffective, termi-
demnable, contemptible, cowardly, craven, dastardly, de- nate, unmake
plorable, discreditable, disgraceful, highly offensive, igno- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: destruction of contingent remainders
ble, ignominious, lame, mean, pitiable, pitiful, reprehensible,
repugnant, shameful, unethical, unprincipled, unscrupulous DESTRUCTIBLE, adjective accessible, assailable, break-
able, delicate, depletable, destroyable, dissolvable, eradi-
DESPISE, verb abhor, abominate, be hostile to, be in- cable, exhaustible, extinguishable, ruinable, scissile, unsafe,
imical toward, bear malice toward, detest, disfavor, dislike, vulnerable
execrate, feel hostile toward, hate, have an aversion to-
ward, have animus toward, have aversion to, have con- DESTRUCTION, noun abolition, annihilation, break-
tempt for, have ill will toward, loathe, resent ing down, collapse, consumption, decimation, decom-
position, demolishment, demolition, devastation, dis-
DESPOIL, verb assail, attack, bereave, consume, de- solution, eradication, extinction, extirpation, nullification,
nude, deplume, depredate, deprive, desolate, devastate, obliteration, perdition, ruin, ruination, tearing down,
devour, dispossess, divest, forage, foray, impoverish, in- undoing, unmaking
vade, lay waste, leave destitute, loot, make off with, ma- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: destruction of business, destruction of
raud, overrun, pilfer, pillage, plunder, purloin, raid, ransack, records, total destruction, willful destruction
ravage, raven, rifle, rob, ruin, ruinate, sack, seize, spoliate, FOREIGN PHRASES: Res periit domino. A thing which has been
steal, strip, take, take by force, thieve, wreck destroyed is lost to its owner.

DESPONDENT, adjective aggrieved, beaten, defeated, DESTRUCTIVE, adjective annihilating, baleful, damag-
defeatist, dejected, depressed, desolate, despairing, dis- ing, destroying, detrimental, feral, harmful, injurious, inter-
consolate, dismal, dispirited, dolorous, downcast, dreary, necine, malign, miasmal, miasmatic, miasmic, pernicious
gloomy, hopeless, in despair, inconsolable, joyless, listless,
lugubrious, melancholic, melancholy, moody, mournful, DESUETUDE, noun abandonment, abeyance, abroga-
pessimistic, rueful, sad, sluggish, somber, sorrowful, sullen, tion, absence, abstention, archaism, arrest, cancellation,
unhappy, unhopeful cessation, desistance, desuetudo, discarding, discontinu-
ance, disusage, disuse, dormancy, failure to use, halt, idle-
DESPOT, noun autarch, authoritarian, autocrat, captain, ness, impotence, inaction, inactivity, inanimation, inertia,
dictator, disciplinarian, dominator, magnate, master, mogul, inusitation, inutility, neglect, nonavailability, nonobser-
monocrat, oppressive ruler, oppressor, overlord, potentate, vance, nonretention, nonuse, obsolescence, obsoleteness,
sovereign, strongman, taskmaster, totalitarian, tycoon, tyrant omission, relinquishment, stagnation, standstill, state of
being unused, stop, stoppage, stoppage of use, surrender,
DESTINATION, noun aim, aspiration, bourn, conclusion, suspension, termination
consummation, debarkation point, destiny, end, end result,
ending, finish, goal, intent, intention, journey’s end, last DESULTORY, adjective broken, deviating, diffuse, di-
stop, object, objective, planned place of arrival, point of gressive, disarranged, disconnected, discontinuous, discur-
cessation, point of disembarkation, port, purpose, resting sive, disjoined, disjunct, dispersed, erratic, inconsistent,
place, result, stop, stopping-place, target, terminal, termi- inconstans, inconstant, interrupted, lacking continuity, non-
nal point, termination, terminus recurrent, nonuniform, rambling, random, spasmodic, un-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: destination contracts, final destination, cohesive, unconnected, unmethodical, unrepeated, unsuc-
place of destination, point of destination cessive, unsystematic, varying

DESTITUTE, adjective bankrupt, beggarly, bereft, de- DETACH, verb break off, cleave, disconnect, disengage,
pleted, deprived, distressed, impecunious, impoverished, disentangle, disiungere, disjoin, dispart, dissever, dissoci-
indigent, inops, insolvent, lacking funds, moneyless, neces- ate, disunite, divide, divorce, part, remove, seiungere,
sitous, needful, needy, out of money, penniless, poor, separare, separate, sever, split, uncouple, unfasten, unlink,
poverty-stricken, reduced in means, short of money, unplug, unstick
squalid, unmoneyed, wanting, without resources ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: detached dwelling houses, detached
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: destitute children, destitute of means pages in a will
of support, destitute of property, destitute persons
DETAIL, noun aspect, circumstance, circumstantiality,
DESTROY (Efface), verb abort, annihilate, blast, blight, component, component part, division, element, feature,
blot out, break to pieces, bring to ruin, burn, consume, cor- fractional part, fragment, individual part, ingredient, in-
rode, deal destruction, decimate, deface, demolish, deso- stance, integral part, integrant, item, minor part, minute
late, destruct, destruere, devastate, devour, diruere, disinte- part, part, particular, particularity, piece, point, portion, sec-
grate, dissolve, do away with, eliminate, eradicate, erase, tion, singula, special point, specification, subdivision, tech-
expunge, exterminate, extinguish, extirpate, gut, inciner- nicality, trivia
ate, kill, lay waste, level, liquidate, murder, mutilate, oblit-
erate, overthrow, overturn, perdere, pulverize, put to death, DETAIL (Assign), verb allocate, appoint, authorize, bid,
quell, ravage, raze, reduce to nothing, rend, root out, rub call, charge, command, commission, compel, consign,
out, ruin, ruinate, scratch out, slay, subvert, uproot, waste, decree, delegate, demand, depute, designate, devolve,
wipe out, wreck dictate, distribute, empower, enjoin, entrust, impose, obli-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: destroy a will, fraudulently de- gate, oblige, order, prescribe, relegate
stroyed, lost or destroyed
DETAIL (Particularize), verb amplify, analyze, be pre-
DESTROY (Void), verb abolish, annul, break up, bring to cise, catalog, chronicle, circumstantiate, clarify, delineate,
naught, completely end, dismantle, extinguish, invalidate, depict, describe, draw, elucidate, enumerate, explain, give

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an account, give details, go into the particulars, illuminate, fetter, guardianship, immuration, immurement, impound-
illustrate, individualize, itemize, make clear, make vivid, ment, imprisonment, incarceration, internment, keeping,
narrate, particularize, picture, portray, recite, recount, re- keeping back, keeping in, keeping in custody, legal re-
late, report, set forth, show, specify, tell, tell details, tell straint, limitation, preventive custody, prison, protective
fully, tell particulars custody, quarantine, restraint, restriction, restriction on
movement, retentio
DETAILED, adjective accounted, accurate, all-inclusive, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: detention facility, detention of prop-
annotated, complete, comprehensive, delineated, de- erty, illegal detention, lawful detention, preventive de-
scribed, descriptive, elaborated, enumerated, exact, ex- tention
haustive, explicit, full of details, graphic, inclusive, item- FOREIGN PHRASES: Furtum non est ubi initium habet deten-
ized, meticulous, minute, particular, particularized, plenary, tionis per dominium rei. It is not theft where the com-
precise, punctilious, replete, representational, specific, mencement of the detention arises through the consent of
thorough, total, vivid, whole the owner.
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: detailed account, detailed audit, de-
tailed report, detailed statement DETER, verb absterrere, avert, avoid, ban, bar, barricade,
block, blunt, caution, check, chill, circumscribe, constrict,
DETAILS, noun circumstances, contents, counts, de- cow, cramp, cumber, dampen, deflect, deny access, deter-
scription, distinct parts, fine points, intelligence, items, rere, detour, discommode, discountenance, discourage,
minor circumstances, minutiae, niceties, particulars, special disenchant, disencourage, dishearten, disincline, dismay,
points, specifics, trivialities dissuade, divert, divert from, fend, fend off, fetter, foil, for-
bid, foreclose, forestall, forfend, frustrate, hamper, ham-
DETAIN (Hold in custody), verb apprehend, arrest, cap- string, hinder, hold back, hold up, impede, incommode,
ture, commit, confine, contain, control, enthrall, guard, indispose, inhibit, interclude, interfere with, intimidate,
hold, hold captive, hold in check, hold in preventive cus- keep back, keep from, keep off, limit, nip in the bud, ob-
tody, hold in thrall, hold under duress, immure, impound, struct, obturate, obviate, overawe, persuade against, put a
imprison, incarcerate, intern, isolate, jail, keep in custody, stop to, put off, quell, quench, remonstrate, render averse,
keep in detention, keep under arrest, keep under control, repel, repress, reprove, restrain, restrict, rule out, set one
keep within bounds, lock up, mure, pen, place in durance, back, shake one’s faith, stave off, stop, stultify, thwart, turn
put under arrest, put under restraint, quarantine, remand, aside, undermine one’s belief, ward off, warn
retain, secure, shut in, surround, take captive, take into ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: deter from crime
custody, take prisoner, trammel
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: detained in custody, detained in jail DETERIORATE, verb adulterate, aggravate, atrophy,
become worse, collapse, corrode, corrumpere, corrupt,
DETAIN (Restrain), verb arrest, bind, bound, chain, check, debase, debauch, debilitate, decay, decline, decompose,
circumscribe, confine, constrain, contain, control, curb, delay, decrease, defile, degenerate, degrade, demoralize, dena-
encumber, fetter, filibuster, forestall, gyve, halt, hamper, hin- ture, depravare, depreciate, devalue, dilapidate, down-
der, hold back, hold up, impede, inhibit, keep, keep back, grade, ebb, lapse, lower, pervert, pollute, prostitute, re-
keep under control, keep within bounds, lay under restraint, gress, retrograde, retrogress, spoil, taint, vitiate, wane,
limit, manacle, obstruct, prevent, rein in, restrict, retinere, waste, weaken, worsen
shackle, stall, stay, stop, suppress, tenere, trammel ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: deteriorating building, deteriorating
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: unlawfully detained goods

DETAINER, noun detainment, illegal custody, illegal DETERIORATION, noun abasement, abrasion, atrophy,
detention, illegal restraint, illegal withholding, unlawful caducity, consumption, corrosion, corruption, debasement,
detention, unlawful restriction, unlawful retention, wrongful decadence, decay, declension, declination, decomposition,
impoundment, wrongful keeping decrepitude, degradation, demission, depreciation, de-
struction, deterior condicio, dilapidation, disintegration,
DETECT, verb be conscious of, become aware of, behold, disrepair, emaciation, erosion, gradual decline, gradual
bring to light, decipher, deduce, descry, determine, diag- impairment, impairment, irrepair, putrefaction, putridity,
nose, diagnosticate, discern, discover, disinter, distinguish, reduction, retrogradation, retrogression, ruin, ruination,
divine, educe, espy, expose, extract, feel, ferret out, find, senescence, spoliation, unrepair
find out, gain knowledge, identify, learn, locate, make out, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: property deterioration
notice, observe, patefacere, perceive, realize, recognize, rem
invenire, reperire, reveal, see, sense, sight, spot, trace, track, DETERMINABLE (Ascertainable), adjective accountable,
uncover, unearth, unmask, unravel, unveil, view admitting of decision, amenable to measurement, apprais-
able, appreciable, assessable, capable of decision, certifiable,
DETECTION, noun apprehension, ascertainment, dis- cognizable, computable, construable, countable, decipher-
closure, discovery, exposure, finding, learning, perception, able, deducible, definable, detectible, discernible, discover-
sighting, spotting, unearthing, unfolding able, distinguishable, estimable, explainable, explicable, fath-
omable, fixable, gaugeable, interpretable, judicable,
DETECTIVE, noun agent, criminologist, espier, exami- knowable, measurable, mensurable, noticeable, observable,
nant, examiner, indagator, inquirer, inquiry agent, inquisi- perceivable, perceptible, resolvable, solvable, subject to
tor, inspector, investigator, prober measurement, surveyable, that may be determined, trans-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: police detectives, private detective latable, verifiable, workable
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: determinable period of usefulness
DETENTION, noun arrest, captivity, circumscription, FOREIGN PHRASES: Terminus annorum certus debet esse
committal, commitment, confinement, constraint, control, et determinatus. A term of years ought to be certain and
custodia, custodianship, custody, detainment, durance vile, determinate.

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DETERMINABLE (Liable to be terminated), adjective ap- pronounce a judgment, pronounce guilty, reckon, referee,
proaching an end, approaching the finish, coming to an regulate, remain firm, resolve, rule, seal, seal the doom of,
end, drawing to a close, having the possibility of termina- settle, settle in one’s mind, settle upon, sit in judgment,
tion, liable to be completed, liable to be discontinued, liable statuere, stipulate, take a decisive step, utter judicial sen-
to be dropped, liable to be ended, liable to come to an end, tence against, weigh, will
liable to expire, nearing completion, subject to be con- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: determine the nature of the loss, finally
cluded, subject to cancellation, subject to discontinuance, determined, legally determine the rights of the parties to
subject to termination, terminable, with the end in sight an action
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: determinable fee, determinable inter-
est, determinable remainder in fee DETERMINED (Certain), adjective ascertained, attested,
authenticated, certified, conditioned, confined, confirmed,
DETERMINANT, noun agent, authority, background, definite, established, finite, firm, fixed, indomitable, indus-
base, basis, consideration, constitutive element, contribut- trious, inexorable, inflexible, intentional, peremptory, posi-
ing force, contributor, decisive factor, determining circum- tive, prescriptive, qualified, set, settled, substantial, unalter-
stance, determining element, determining influence, driv- able, uncompromising, validated
ing force, element, factor, fomentor, generator, genesis,
impetus, inducement, instigation, justification, leaven, DETERMINED (Strong-willed), adjective decided, delib-
means, medium, motivation, motive, object, origin, prime erate, dogged, earnest, obdurate, obstinate, persistent,
mover, producer, root, source, ultimate cause, ultimate pertinacious, purposeful, relentless, resolute, resolved, se-
motive rious, Spartan, staunch, steadfast, stubborn, unfaltering,
unflinching, unwavering, unyielding
DETERMINATION, noun adjudgment, adjudication, ap-
praisal, appraisement, appreciation, apprisement, apprize- DETERMINING, adjective absolute, acute, binding, car-
ment, arbitrium, ascertainment, assessment, authoritative dinal, certain, complete, conclusive, contributory, critical,
estimate, authoritative opinion, award, conclusion, consid- crucial, deciding, decisive, definitive, determinate, fateful,
eration, considered opinion, consilium, conviction, court final, important, key, momentous, pivotal, prevailing, pri-
decision, decision, declaration, decree, diagnosis, evalua- mary, ultimate
tion, final assessment, finding, institutum, iudicium, judg-
ment, judgment on facts, opinion, order, pronouncement, DETERRENCE, noun abridgment, active discourage-
reasoned judgment, reckoning, recommendation, resolu- ment, admonition, barrier, block, blockade, caveat, check,
tion, resolve, result, result ascertained, ruling, sentence, compulsion, constraint, constriction, contraindication, con-
settlement, solution, verdict tretemps, control, curb, detainment, deterrent, discourage-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: actual determination, determination of ment, disincentive, dissuasion, extinguishment, forestall-
a suit, determination of claims, determination of fact, deter- ing, frustration, halt, hindrance, hurdle, impediment,
mination of guilt, final determination, judicial determina- impedition, inhibition, interference, intimidation, legal re-
tion, official determination, review a determination, self- straint, limitation, means of restraint, monition, obstacle,
determination obstruction, opposition, preclusion, prevention, prohibi-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Judicia in deliberationibus crebro ma- tion, prophylaxis, proscription, quashing, repression, resis-
turescunt, in accelerato processu nunquam. Judgments tance, restraint, restriction, stop, striction, stumbling block,
frequently mature by deliberations, never by hurried pro- suppression, thwarter
cess. De audiendo et terminando. To hear and determine. ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: deterrence of crime
In propria causa nemo judex. No one can be judge in his FOREIGN PHRASES: Nemo prudens punit ut praeterita revo-
own case. centur, sed ut futura praeveniantur. No wise man pun-
ishes in order that past things may be revoked, but that
DETERMINATION OF DAMAGES, noun adjudication, future wrongs may be prevented. Poena ad paucos,
assessment, award, award judgment, compensation, find- metus ad omnes perveniat. If punishment be inflicted on
ing, grant, inquest, judgment, penalization, penalty, relief, a few, a fear comes to all.
remuneration
DETERRENT, noun admonishment, admonition, barrier,
DETERMINATIVE, adjective authoritative, conclusive, barring, block, caution, caveat, constraint, constriction, con-
convincing, deciding, decisive, decretal, definitive, direct- traindication, counteraction, counterpressure, curb, damper,
ing, ex parte, final, important, judgmatic, judicious, limit- deactivation, determent, deterrence, discouragement, dis-
ing, limitive, persuasive, shaping, significant, telling, incentive, dissuasion, forestalling, hampering, hinderer,
weighty hindrance, hurdle, impedance, impeder, inhibition, inhibi-
tor, insuperable obstacle, interference, interposition, intimi-
DETERMINE, verb adjudge, adjudicate, arrive at a con- dation, legal restraint, limitation, means of restraint, moni-
clusion, ascertain, award, bring in a verdict, bring to an end, tion, obstacle, obstructer, obstruction, obstructive,
bring to justice, choose, come to a conclusion, come to a obtrusion, occlusion, opposition, preclusion, prevention,
decision, come to a determination, conclude, confirm, con- proscription, repression, restraint, restriction, retardation,
stituere, decernere, decide, decide upon, declare, decree, suppression, thwarter, warning
decree by judicial authority, deduce, delimit, deliver judg-
ment, direct, draw a conclusion, end by a decision, esti- DETEST, verb abhor, contempt, deplore, deprecate,
mate, exercise the judgment, find, fix upon, form a judg- despise, disapprove of, discountenance, disdain, disfavor,
ment, form a resolution, give a ruling, give an opinion, give dislike, execrate, hate, loathe, reject, renounce, scorn
judgment, hold, infer, interpret, judge, limit, make a deci-
sion, make a resolution, make one’s choice, make terms, DETOUR, noun alternate route, bypass, bypassage,
make up one’s mind, opine, pass an opinion, pass judg- circuitous route, deflection, departure, deviation, devia-
ment, pass sentence, prescribe punishment, pronounce, tion from a direct course, digression, diversion, excursion,

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 DEVIATE

indirect path, loop, roundabout course, temporary route, build up, cause to expand, cause to grow, change into,
wrong course come gradually into existence, come to be, come to matu-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: detour from course of employment, rity, crescere, cultivate, derive from, descend from, detail,
frolic and detour educare, elaborate, emanate, emerge, enlarge, enlarge
upon, enter into detail, evolve, excolere, expand, expand
DETOUR, verb aberrare, alter one’s course, avoid, by- upon, extend, fill in, fill out, further, germinate, give being
pass, change direction, change the bearing, circuit, circum- to, give forth, give rise to, go into detail, grow, grow better,
ambulate, deflect, depart from, depart from one’s course, grow from, improve, increase the strength of, infuse, inten-
deviate, deviate from a direct course, digredi, digress, di- sify, invigorate, magnify, make headway, make progress,
verge, divert, divert from its course, drift, encircle, excurse, mature, meliorate, mend, perfect, proceed, produce, prog-
go around, go out of one’s way, go out of the path, go out ress, promote, raise, reach manhood, refine, reinforce, re-
of the way, go round about, make a circuit, meander, per- vive, ripen, shape up, show improvement, stimulate,
form a circuit, ramble, sidestep, skirt, stray, swerve, take a strengthen, stretch, swell, take form, take shape, unfold,
circuitous route, take a roundabout course, take a tempo- widen, work out in detail
rary route, take an alternate highway, take an alternate
route, take an indirect way, turn aside, vary, veer DEVELOPER, noun builder, building entrepreneur, cre-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: detour from course of employment, ator, designer, enterpriser, establisher, land developer, or-
frolick and detour ganizer, originator, planner, promoter
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: commercial developer, residential
DETRACT, verb abate, belittle, blacken, blame, decrease, developer
decry, defame, denigrate, depreciate, derogate, deteriorate,
diminish, discommend, discount, disparage, distract, divert, DEVELOPMENT (Building), noun commercial building,
draw away, lessen, lower, malign, minimize construction, creation of housing project, development of
industrial sites, erection, house-building program, housing,
DETRIMENT, noun adulteration, adversity, affliction, ag- industrial area, industrial building, institution of commercial
gravation, atrophy, bane, bedevilment, blemish, blow, col- sites, residential building, urbanization
lapse, contamination, corrosion, corruption, cost, crippling,
damage, damnum, decadence, decay, deformation, de- DEVELOPMENT (Outgrowth), noun accomplishment,
generation, demolishment, deprivation, destruction, dete- achievement, aftergrowth, aftermath, attainment, by-prod-
rioration, detraction, detrimentum, dilapidation, disability, uct, conclusion, consequence, consequent, derivation, ef-
disablement, disadvantage, disintegration, disorder, distur- fect, emanation, ending, ensual, event, eventuality, even-
bance, erosion, evil, forfeit, forfeiture, handicap, hardship, tuation, occurrence, offshoot, outcome, product, realization,
harm, hurt, impairment, impotence, inadequacy, inadvis- result, resultant, sequel, side issue, upshot
ability, incommodum, inconvenience, ineffectualness, inef-
ficiency, inexpedience, inexpediency, injuriousness, injury, DEVELOPMENT (Progression), noun accretion, accumu-
insufficiency, laming, liability, loss, misfortune, mutilation, lation, advance, advancement, amelioration, ampliation,
obstacle, poisoning, pollution, prejudice, privation, ruin, amplification, anabasis, auctus, betterment, change, culti-
ruination, undesirability, undoing, unprofitability, weakness vation, effectuation, elaboration, enhancement, enrich-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: legal detriment ment, evolution, evolvement, expansion, explicatio, exten-
sion, furtherance, gain, germination, gradual evolution,
DETRIMENTAL, adjective adverse, afflicting, bad, cor- growth, improvement, increase in size, lengthening, melio-
rupting, crippling, damaging, deleterious, destructive, ration, modernization, progress, progress to maturity,
disadvantageous, disastrous, discommodious, distressing, progressive growth, progressus, promotion, refinement,
disturbing, dreadful, extirpative, fulsome, grievous, harm- reform, reformation, regeneration, remodeling, renovation,
ful, hindering, hurtful, ill-advised, ill-contrived, impolitic, reorganization, revision, stimulation, strengthening, sup-
inappropriate, inimical, iniquus, injurious, inopportune, plementation, transfiguration, transformation, unfolding,
insalubrious, insidious, internecine, malefic, malignant, unravelment, upgrowth, uptrend
noisome, noxious, oppressive, perniciosus, pernicious, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: development costs
pestilential, prejudicial, toxic, treacherous, undermining,
unfit, unhealthy, unhelpful, unprofitable, unpropitious, un- DEVIANT, adjective aberrant, abnormal, adverse to,
satisfactory, unsuitable, untoward, unwholesome, unwise against the rules, atypical, clashing, contrary, counter to,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: actively detrimental, detrimental to the departing from, desultory, deviating, discordant, discrep-
best interests of the child, detrimental to the public interest ant, dissident, dissonant, divergent, eccentric, errant, he-
retical, in violation of, irregular, nonconformist, nonuniform,
DEVALUE, verb adulterate, belittle, cheapen, contami- oblique, out of order, out of step, recalcitrant, stray, uncon-
nate, corrupt, damage, debase, debauch, defile, degener- ventional, unfashionable, unorthodox, variant
ate, degrade, denature, depreciate, depress, deteriorate, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: deviant behavior
dilute, disable, disparage, impair, pollute, reduce, taint
DEVIATE, verb aberrare, alter course, angle off, be at
DEVASTATE, verb demolish, depopulate, depredate, variance, be different, be distinguished from, be oblique,
desolate, despoil, destroy, gut, lever, overwhelm, pillage, bear no resemblance, bear off, branch out, break bounds,
plunder, raid, ransack, ravage, raze, ruin, sack, wreck break the pattern, change direction, clash, clash with, con-
flict with, contrast, declinare, deflect, degredi, depart from,
DEVELOP, verb accrue, adolescere, advance, advance in depart from one’s course, differ, digress, disagree, divari-
successive gradation, alere, amplify, arise from, augeri, aug- cate, diverge, divert from its course, drift, err, fall into error,
ment, become, become apparent, begin from, bring forth, fly off at a tangent, get off the subject, glance off, go adrift,
bring into being, bring to a complete condition, bring to a go amiss, go astray, go awry, go off on a tangent, go out
more advanced state, bring to light by degrees, broaden, of one’s way, go round about, go wrong, infringe a law,

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infringe custom, make a detour, meander, not conform, DEVISE (Give), verb allot, assign, bequeath, bestow,
perform a circuit, show variety, slip, stand apart, step aside, confer, convey, endow, give, give and bequeath, give
stray, swerve, take a different course, turn, turn aside, turn away, give by will, grant, leave, leave by will, make a be-
out of one’s way, vary, veer, wander from the subject quest, make testamentary dispositions, transfer, transmit,
transmit by will, will and bequeath, will to
DEVIATE FROM THE TRUTH, verb alter one’s course, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: absolute devise, alienation, bequest,
deceive, depart from a norm, digress, diverge, drift, fabri- conveyance, demonstrative devise, executory devise, gen-
cate, fake, go astray, lie, maunder, meander, mislead, mis- eral devise, legacy, testamentary disposition
represent, misstate, prevaricate, skew, stray, struggle, FOREIGN PHRASES: Nemo plus commodi haeredi suo relinguit
swerve, take a different course, wander quam ipse habuit. No one leaves a greater benefit to his
heir than he had himself. Da tua dum tua sunt, post mor-
DEVIATING, adjective aberrant, astray, circuitous, de- tem tunc tua non sunt. Give that which is yours while it is
parting, deviative, devious, different, differing, digressive, yours; after death it is not yours. Quando aliquis aliquid
discursive, disparate, dissimilar, divergent, diverse, diver- concedit, concedere videtur et id sine quo res unon po-
sified, errant, erratic, indirect, labyrinthine, meandering, test. When anyone grants anything, he is deemed to grant
nonconforming, peculiar, perverse, separate, shifting, sinu- also that without which the thing granted cannot be used.
ous, undirected, vagrant, variant, varying, wandering,
widely apart DEVISE (Invent), verb arrange, calculate, compose, con-
ceive, construct, contrive, create, design, draw up, engi-
DEVIATING FROM THE NORM, verb alter one’s course, neer, erect, evolve, excogitare, fabricate, fashion, find a
depart from a norm, digress, diverge, drift, go astray, way, form, formulate, frame, have an idea, imagine, impro-
maunder, meander, skew, slew, straggle, stray, swerve, vise, invenire, lay down a plan, lay out, make a plan, make
take a different course, wander arrangements, make up, maneuver, manufacture, map out,
piece together, plan, plan out, prearrange, predetermine,
DEVIATION, noun aberrance, aberrancy, aberration, prepare, proceed by stratagem, put together, schematize,
abnormality, alteration, anomalousness, anomaly, antipa- scheme, set up, shape, sketch out, take steps, work out
thy, antithesis, branching off, breach of practice, change of
direction, change of position, contrast, declinatio, defiance DEVISEE, noun acceptor, beneficiary, donee, grantee,
of custom, departure, departure from usage, detour, differ- heir, inheritor, legatee, recipient, successor, transferee
ence, digressio, disaccord, disaccordance, disagreement,
discongruity, discontinuity, discord, discrepancy, dishar- DEVOID, adjective bare, barren, bereft of, blank, bleak,
mony, disparity, dissidence, dissimilarity, dissonance, dis- deficient, denuded of, deprived of, deserted, desolate,
tinctness, divagation, divergence, diverseness, diversion, destitute of, empty, empty of, found wanting, ill-furnished,
incongruity, inconsistency, inconsonance, inharmonious- ill-provided, ill-stored, impotent, in default of, in the ab-
ness, irregularity, nonconformism, nonconformity, nonimita- sence of, in want of, incomplete, insufficient, lacking, miss-
tion, nonobservance, nonuniformity, straying, swerve, swerv- ing, out of, poor, re vacuus, scant of, short, short of, spar-
ing, unconformity, unlikeness, unorthodoxy, variability, ing, stinted, tenantless, unacquired, unexisting, uninhabited,
variance, variation unmanned, unoccupied, unofficered, unpeopled, unpos-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: deviation doctrine, deviation from sessed of, unprovided, unreplenished, unstaffed, unsup-
scope of employment, deviation from the norm plied, untenanted, vacant, vacuous, void of, wanting,
without, without content, without resources
DEVIATION FROM RECTITUDE, noun abuse, bad faith,
bad repute, blame, corruption, crime, disgrace, dishonor, DEVOID OF TRUTH, adjective corrupt, criminal, deceit-
guilt, malfeasance, misconduct, misdoing, misfeasance, ful, dishonest, disingenuous, fallacious, false, false-hearted,
misprision forsworn, fraudulent, immoral, insidious, knavish, lying,
mendacious, perfidious, perjured, shameless, unconscien-
DEVICE (Contrivance), noun artifice, circumvention, tious, unconscionable, unethical, unprincipled, unscrupu-
craft, design, gimmick, machina, machination, maneuver, lous, untruthful, unveracious, wicked
means to an end, method, plan, program of action, project,
resort, ruse, scheme, setup, stratagem, subtle maneuver, DEVOLUTION, noun assignment, bequeathal, bequest,
system, trick, wile, working plan, working proposition change of hands, change-over, conveyance, delegation,
delegation of duties, deliverance, delivery, demise, devise,
DEVICE (Distinguishing mark), noun badge of office, interchange, nonretention, reversion, substitution, succes-
design, designation, earmark, emblem, ensign, hallmark, sion, succession of property rights, transfer, transfer of
identification mark, indicant, inscriptio, insignia, label, mark property, transference, transmission
that designates, sign, symbol, token, trademark ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: devolution of liability, devolution of
property
DEVICE (Mechanism), noun apparatus, appliance,
equipment, facility, fixture, gadget, gear, implement, in- DEVOLVE, verb be handed down to, be handed over, be
strument, invention, mechanical aid, tool, utensil transferred, bequeath, cause to pass to another, cede,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: safety device change from one to another, change ownership, confer own-
ership, convey, deferre, delegate upon another, deliver, de-
DEVIOUS, adjective aberrant, ambagious, artful, circu- liver over to a successor, descend by inheritance, descend
itous, crafty, crooked, cunning, deceitful, designing, deviat- upon, fall by inheritance, fall by succession, give, grant, inter-
ing, deviative, devius, errant, excursive, foxy, indirect, in- change, invest with, leave to, make over, mandare, pass to,
sidious, labyrinthine, roundabout, scheming, serpentine, permittere, put in possession, sign away, substitute, trade,
sinuous, sly, sneaking, tortuous, tricky, uncandid, un- transfer, transfer ownership, transfer to, transmit, turn over
straightforward, wily ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: devolution of a lease

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DEVOTE, verb allot, apply, apportion, appropriate, as- drawing conclusions, force of argument, induction, infer-
sign, attend, be absorbed in, be attentive, be engrossed in, ring, judgment, logic, logic of discursive argument, logi-
concentrate, concern, consecrare, consecrate, contem- cal argumentation, logical discussion, logical process,
plate, dedere, dedicate, devovere, direct attention, focus, logical sequence, mode of reasoning, ratiocination, ratio-
give attention, heed, meditate upon, occupy oneself with, nalism, rationalization, rationalizing, reasoning, reflection,
pay attention, pay heed, set apart, set aside, think about, rumination, thinking
turn attention
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: devote attention, devote to a public use DIALOGUE, noun bull session, causerie, chat, colloquy,
communication, communion, confabulation, conference,
DEVOTED (Faithful), adjective affectionate, attached, confrontation, conversation, debate, discourse, disputation,
close, consecrated, constant, dedicated, dependable, de- exchange, formal discourse, give and take, interlocution,
vout, earnest, fond, inseparable, loving, loyal, obedient, interview, palaver, parley, powwow, question and answer,
partisan, passionate, purposeful, reliable, stanch, staunch, script, swapping opinions, symposium, talk, talkfest, verbal
steadfast, tender, tried and true, true, unyielding intercourse

DEVOTED (Zealous), adjective ardent, assiduous, duti- DIATRIBE, noun abuse, abusive harangue, abusive
ful, fanatical, fast, fervent, firm, sedulous, serious, sincere language, accusation, act of berating, admonition, ad-
verse comment, animadversion, backbiting, bitter ha-
DEVOTION, noun addiction, adhesion, admiration, af- rangue, bitter words, blame, carping, castigation, cen-
fection, affinity, allegiance, application, ardor, attachment, sure, chiding, complaining, condemnation, countercharge,
concentration, constancy, dedication, deference, determi- coup de bec, criticism, cutting words, denunciation, dep-
nation, devoutness, diligence, discipline, earnestness, en- recation, depreciation, discommendation, disparage-
chantment, engagement, faithfulness, fastness, fealty, fer- ment, dispraise, dressing down, faultfinding, gainsaying,
vor, fidelity, firmness, fondness, homage, honor, immersion, harangue, hostile attack, hostile criticism, hostile elo-
inclination, industry, infatuation, involvement, love, loyalty, quence, hypercriticism, inculpation, indictment, insult,
passion, preoccupation, regard, reverence, sanctity, stanch- invective, long vehement speech, objurgation, obloquy,
ness, staunchness, yearning, zeal oration, prolonged outburst of denunciation, railing, re-
buke, remonstrance, reprehension, reprimand, reproach,
DIABOLIC, adjective accursed, amoral, amoralistic, reproof, revilement, reviling, sarcasm, scolding, scurril-
bad-hearted, brutal, brutalized, callous, conscienceless, ity, sermon, stinging words, strain of invective, stream of
cruel, cursed, deadly, dehumanized, demoniac, demonic, abuse, tirade, tongue-lashing, upbraiding, verbal on-
devil-like, devilish, evil, evil-doing, evil-minded, execrable, slaught, vilification, vituperation
fiendish, fiendlike, full of sin, god-forsaken, guilty, heinous,
hellish, hopeless, horrible, immoral, impious, infernal, inhu- DICHOTOMIZE, verb apportion, bifurcate, bisect,
man, iniquitous, irredeemable, irreligious, maleficent, ma- branch, cleave in two, cut in halves, cut in two, detach,
levolent, malignant, Mephistophelian, merciless, mon- disconnect, disjoin, dissect, dissever, disunite, divaricate,
strous, murderous, nefarious, outrageous, pitiless, diverge, divide, fragment, furcate, halve, keep apart, part,
possessed, profane, ruinous, ruthless, sadistic, Satanic, sin- partition, rend, rive, section, sectionalize, segment, sepa-
laden, sinful, sinister, sinning, transgressing, unnatural, un- rate, separate in two, sever, split, subdivide, transect
principled, unredeemed, unrighteous, unscrupulous, unvir-
tuous, vicious, virtueless, wicked DICHOTOMY, noun bifurcation, bipartition, bisection,
dissection, divarication, division, halving, separation, sever-
DIABOLICAL, adjective abominable, baleful, cruel, de- ance, split, subdivision
moniac, demonic, despicable, devilish, evil, heinous, hell-
ish, horrible, horrid, immoral, infernal, inhuman, iniquitous, DICKER, verb adjust differences, arbitrate terms, argue
Luciferian, malevolent, malicious, malignant, monstrous, price, arrange terms, arrive at a price, bargain, barter,
nefarious, reprehensible, ruthless, savage, sinister, vicious, bicker, bid for, come to terms, confer on price, contend,
vile, villainous, wicked deal, drive a bargain, give terms, haggle, have dealings,
make terms, negotiate, put through a deal, state one’s
DIAGNOSE, verb analyze, appraise, classify, compare terms, strike a bargain, trade, transact, wrangle
critically, discern, distinguish, estimate, examine critically, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: dicker over terms of a contract
have insight, identify, judge, make a judgment, recognize,
see the difference, sort out, specify, weigh DICTATE, noun act, authoritative suggestion, behest,
charge, command, commandment, commission, decree,
DIAGNOSIS, noun analysis, appreciation of differ- demand, direction, edict, enactment, fiat, imperative, im-
ences, assay, breakdown, careful appreciation, categoriza- perious direction, injunction, instruction, judgment, law,
tion, category, classification, classificatory description, con- mandate, order, ordinance, ordination, precept, prescript,
clusion, critical appraisal, critical scrutiny, critique, prescription, proclamation, regulation, requirement, re-
designation, differentiation, discernment, discretion, dis- script, rubric, rule, ruling, ultimatum
criminating judgment, discrimination, estimation, interpre-
tation, judgment, perception of difference, scientific deter- DICTATE, verb bid, charge, command, compel, decree,
mination, specification, symptomatology demand, direct, enjoin, exercise authority, give orders,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: faulty diagnosis, malpractice impose an order, instruct, issue a command, issue an order,
oblige, ordain, order, prescribe, require, require authorita-
DIALECTIC, noun applied logic, apprehension, argu- tively, rule
mentation, brainwork, cerebration, chain of reasoning, cogi-
tation, concluding, consideration, contemplation, deducing, DICTATOR, noun absolute leader, absolute ruler, autarch,
deduction, deliberation, deriving, discursive reasoning, autocrat, autocratic master, despot, despotic commander,

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despotic master, dictatorial mogul, disciplinarian, imperious clash of temperament, clashing, conflict of opinion, contra-
commandant, inquisitor, martinet, oppressive taskmaster, op- diction, contradistinction, contraposition, contrariety, con-
pressor, repressive governor, strict disciplinarian, totalitarian, trariness, contrast, controversy, counterpoint, departure,
tyrannical leader, tyrant departure from, deviation, differentiation, disaccord, dis-
agreement, discongruity, disconnection, discontinuity, dis-
DICTATORIAL, adjective absolutistic, arbitrary, arro- cord, discordance, discrepancy, discrepantia, discrimina-
gant, authoritarian, authoritative, autocratic, censorious, tion, disequilibrium, disharmony, disjunction, disparity,
commanding, compelling, controlling, despotic, dictato- disproportion, dissemblance, dissension, dissimilarity, dis-
rius, dogmatic, domineering, enslaving, exacting, fanatic, similitude, dissonance, distinction, distinctness, distortion,
fascist, high-handed, imperative, imperiosus, imperious, divergence, diverseness, diversitas, diversity, failure to
inexorable, inquisitorial, intimidating, ironhanded, lordly, agree, heterogeneity, imbalance, imparity, inaccordance,
masterful, monocratic, officious, oppressive, overbearing, incommensurability, incongruence, incongruity, incongru-
peremptory, pompous, power-crazed, power-hungry, ousness, inconsistency, inconsonance, individuality, in-
power-mad, relentless, repressive, severe, suppressive, equality, inharmoniousness, inharmony, irreconcilability,
supreme, totalitarian, tyrannical, tyrannous, uncompromis- irrelation, lack of connection, lack of resemblance, misun-
ing, undemocratic, unlimited, unrelenting, unrestricted, derstanding, multifariousness, mutual exclusiveness, non-
with an iron hand conformity, nonimitation, nonuniformity, nuance, opposite-
ness, opposition, schism, separateness, state of being
DICTUM, noun announcement, assertion, authoritative different, unconformity, unequalness, uniqueness, unlike-
assertion, declaration, extrajudicial opinion, finding, gratu- ness, unrelatedness, variance, variation, variegation, varie-
itous remark, illustrative statement, incidental opinion, judi- tas, variety
cial assertion, judicial comment, judicial remark, observa- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: difference in degree, difference in
tion, opinion, pronouncement, recommendation, remark, kind, difference in the nature and elements of a crime,
statement, statement by way of illustration difference in value, difference of opinion, settling of dif-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: judicial dictum, obiter dictum ferences

DIDACTIC, adjective academic, adapted to teach, cur- DIFFERENT, adjective alien, alius, altered, antagonistic,
ricular, edifying, educating, educational, educative, enlight- antithetic, atypical, changed, clashing, contradictory, contra-
ening, enriching, erudite, expository, fitted to teach, infor- distinct, contradistinctive, contrary, contrasting, contrastive,
mational, informative, instructional, instructive, intended deviating, diametric, discordant, discrepans, discrepant,
for instruction, intended for teaching, learned, pedagogic, disparate, dissimilar, dissonant, distinct, distinctive, diver-
propaedeutic, scholarly, scholastic, teaching, tutorial gent, diverse, diversiform, diversus, foreign, heteroge-
neous, idiosyncratic, in disagreement, incommensurable,
DIE, verb be no more, breathe one’s last, cease living, incomparable, incompatible, incongruous, individual, inhar-
cease to exist, decease, demise, depart, end one’s life, monious, mismatched, mismated, nonidentical, not the
expire, lose one’s life, meet one’s death, mori, mortem same, novel, opposed, other than, out of the ordinary, pe-
obire, part with life, pass away, pass on, perish, relinquish culiar, separate, set apart, singular, unidentical, unique, un-
life, rest in peace, succumb to death, suffer death, vita de- like, unmatched, unrelated, unusual, unwonted, variant,
cedere varied, varietal, various, varying
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: die at any time without issue surviving, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: different causes of action, different
die by his own hand or act, die in performance of duty, die offenses
intestate, die leaving issue, die seised and possessed, die
simultaneously, die without children or issue, die without DIFFERENTIAL, noun attribute, characteristic, constitut-
heirs, die without issue, die without lawful issue, testamen- ing a difference, contrasting quality, delicate distinction,
tary dispositions difference of degree, differentiating trait, distinction, dis-
tinctive feature, distinguishing feature, feature, gradation,
DIFFER (Disagree), verb be discordant, be incongruent, grade, graduation, nuance, particularity, peculiarity, prop-
be inharmonious, bicker, cavil, clash, conflict with, contend, erty, proportion, quality, rate, ratio, relative quantity,
contradict, dispute, divide on, hold different views, object, scale, shade of difference, singularity, subtle difference,
oppose, protest, raise objections, reject, repudiate, take trait, variant
exception, take issue, think differently, withhold assent ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: wage differential

DIFFER (Vary), verb argue, be at cross purposes, be at DIFFERENTIATE, verb characterize, classify, contrast,
variance, be contrary, be dissimilar, be distinct, be distin- demarcate, discern between, discriminate, distinguish, di-
guished from, be inharmonious, be opposite, be unique, be versify, draw the line, exercise discrimination, make a dis-
unlike, bear no resemblance, contrast, depart from, deviate tinction, make distinctive, mark off by differences, mark
from, digress, disaccord, disaccord with, disagree, discept, out, particularize, perceive clearly, recognize as separate,
discrepare, dissent, dissentire, dissidere, divaricate from, segregate, separate as different, set apart as different, set
diverge from, diversify, have a dissimilar opinion, lack re- off, show a difference, single out, sort out, subtilize, tell
semblance, not agree, not compare with, not conform, not apart, tell from
equate, show contrast, show variety, take exception, take
issue, think differently, vary, withhold assent DIFFERENTIATION, noun contrast, definition, demar-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Non differunt quae concordant re, cation, denomination, description, despecification, differ-
tametsi non in verbis iisdem. Those matters do not differ ence, discrepancy, discrimination, disequalization, distinc-
which agree in substance, though not in the same words. tion, distinguishment, diversification, division,
individualization, modification, nuance, particularization,
DIFFERENCE, noun adverseness, antipathy, antithesis, segregation, separation, severance, specialization, specifi-
antitheticalness, asymmetry, atypicality, breach, change, cation, variation

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DIFFERING, adjective at odds, at variance, clashing, DIGEST (Comprehend), verb absorb, analyze, appreci-
conflicting, deviative, different, disagreeing, discordant, dis- ate, assimilate, cognize, consider, contemplate, fathom,
crepant, discriminatory, disparate, disproportionate, dissent- grasp, incorporate, ken, know, muse, register, think about,
ing, dissident, dissimilar, distinct, distinctive, distinguished, understand, weigh
divergent, diverse, diversified, incompatible, incongruous,
inconsonant, inharmonious, irreconcilable, jarring, noncon- DIGEST (Summarize), verb abbreviate, abridge, abstract,
forming, peculiar, recusant, separate, unequal, unrelated, capsulize, catalog, classify, codify, condense, cut down,
variant edit, excerpt, make a summary of, make brief, make con-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: differing accounts, differing claims, cise, outline, recapitulate, reduce, select, shorten, sum up,
differing testimony survey

DIFFICULT, adjective arduous, attended by obstacles, DIGRESS, verb aberrare, alter course, be diffuse, branch
awkward, beset with difficulty, beyond one’s reach, bother- out, change direction, depart, detour, deviate, digredi, di-
some, burdensome, complex, complicated, convoluted, vagate, divaricate, diverge, divert, drift, expatiate, fly off at
difficile, difficilis, encompassed with difficulties, enigmatic, a tangent, go astray, meander, ramble, rove, shift, sidestep,
entangled by difficulties, fatiguing, grueling, hard, hard to sidetrack, skirt, stray, swerve, turn, veer, wander
deal with, hard to manage, hard to understand, impassable,
impeditus, impenetrable, incomprehensible, insoluble, insur- DIGRESSION, noun aberrancy, aberration, alteration,
mountable, intractable, involved, labored, laborious, labyrin- break, change, circuity, convolution, departure, detour,
thine, obscure, obstinate, offering a problem, operose, out of deviation, digressio, divagation, divarication, divergence,
reach, painstaking, perplexing, perverse, problematic, puz- diversion, drift, excursus, misdirection, periphrasis, round-
zling, recondite, refractory, strenuous, stubborn, surrounded about way, shift in topic, sideslip, sidestep, swerve, vari-
by difficulties, too hard, troublesome, unachievable, unap- ance, variation
proachable, unavailable, uncertain, unclear ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: dictum
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: difficult and extraordinary action, dif-
ficult and extraordinary case or proceeding DILAPIDATED, adjective altered for the worse, con-
demned, damaged, decomposed, decrepit, fallen into ruin,
DIFFICULTY, noun adversity, affliction, altercation, block, far-gone, frayed, friable, impaired, imperfect, marred,
catch, clash, collision, complication, conflict, contestation, mouldering, obsoletus, on the wane, ramshackle, ruined,
convolution, deterrent, dilemma, discomfort, embarrass- shabby, stale, tabid, timeworn, used, weatherbeaten,
ment, encumbrance, exigency, handicap, hardness, hard- wilted, withering, worn, worn out
ship, hindrance, hurdle, impediment, inconvenience, inhibi- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: depreciation, obsolescence
tion, interference, misfortune, misgiving, mishap, nuisance,
obstacle, obstruction, predicament, quagmire, quandary, DILATORY, adjective after time, behind time, belated,
rigor, shackle, struggle, tragedy, tribulation, trouble deferring, delayed, delaying, deliberately slow, eleventh
hour, inclined to delay, indolent, intended to bring about
DIFFIDENT, adjective abashed, awestricken, awestruck, delay, intended to defer decision, intended to gain time,
bashful, blushful, blushing, cautious, demure, deprecating, lackadaisical, last-minute, late, overdue, pausing, procrasti-
deprecative, diffidens, embarrassed, fainthearted, faltering, nating, procrastinative, procrastinatory, remiss, tardy, un-
hesitating, humble, humbled, lacking self-confidence, mod- punctual
est, overanxious, overapprehensive, overshy, qualmish, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: dilatory defense, dilatory exceptions,
quiet, reserved, retiring, self-conscious, self-effacing, shaky, dilatory motion, dilatory plea, dilatory practice
shameful, sheepish, shrinking, shy, timid, timorous, tread-
ing warily, tremulous, unambitious, unassuming, unboast- DILEMMA, noun awkward predicament, awkward situ-
ful, unheard, unimposing, unobstrusive, unostentatious, ation, baffle, bafflement, confoundment, confusion, deci-
unpretentious, unpushing, unsure of oneself, verecundus, sion, difficult choice, difficulty, imbroglio, impasse, indeci-
wary, without vanity sion, limited choice, perplexity, predicament, puzzle,
puzzlement, puzzling alternative, quandary, uncertainty,
DIFFUSE, verb bespread, besprinkle, bestrew, break up, unfair choice, vexed question
broadcast, cast forth, circulate, circumfuse, commingle,
deal out, decentralize, diffundere, diffundi, disband, disin- DILIGENCE (Care), noun absorption of mind, active
tegrate, disperse, dispread, disseminate, dissipate, distrib- application, active attention, active study, active thought,
ute, effuse, go in different directions, go in many direc- adsiduitas, advertence, advertency, alertness, application,
tions, intermix, intersperse, mix, overspread, permeare, attention, attention to detail, carefulness, caution, check-
permeate, pervade, promulgate, propagate, put into circu- up, circumspection, close application, close attention, close
lation, radiate, scatter, send abroad, send forth, sow, spat- study, close thought, concern, consideration, contempla-
ter, spread, spread about, spread abroad, spread around, tion, deep application, deep attention, deep study, deep
spread far and wide, spread widely, strew, unloose thought, deliberate application, deliberate attention, delib-
erate study, deliberate thought, diligent application, dili-
DIGAMY, noun finding another mate after the death of gent attention, diligent study, diligent thought, diligentia,
the first spouse earnestness, exactitude, exactness, exclusive application,
exclusive attention, exclusive study, exclusive thought,
DIGEST, noun abbreviation, abridgment, abstract, anal- fastidiousness, foresight, guard, heed, heedfulness, indu-
ysis, anthology, arrangement, brief, capsule, code, collec- stria, inquisitive attention, inspection, intense application,
tion, compendium, compilation, condensation, consolida- intense study, intense thought, intentness, meticulousness,
tion, conspectus, contraction, epitome, essence, extract, mindfulness, minute application, minute attention, minute
outline, pandect, recapitulation, review, summary, synopsis study, minute thought, minuteness, observation, orderli-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: digest of cases, digest of laws ness, painstaking, particularity, pedantry, preparedness,

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profound application, profound attention, profound study, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: diminished responsibility, diminished
profound thought, prudence, rapt attention, readiness, re- use, diminishing returns
gard, review, scrutiny, seriousness, single-mindedness,
studiousness, study, thoroughgoingness, thoroughness, DIMINUTION, noun abatement, abbreviation, contrac-
undivided attention, utmost care, vigilance, wakefulness, tion, decrease, deduction, deflation, diminishment, lessen-
wariness, watchfulness, whole attention, whole mind ing, let up, lowering, mitigation, reduction, remission,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: due diligence, lack of diligence, ordi- shrinkage
nary diligence, reasonable diligence, utmost diligence
DINT, noun ableness, authority, control, effectiveness,
DILIGENCE (Perseverance), noun application, ardor, as- effectuality, efficacy, force, forcefulness, greatness, influence,
siduity, assiduousness, constancy, continuance, determina- might, mightiness, potence, potency, power, powerfulness,
tion, devotedness, devotion, doggedness, earnestness, en- prepotency, pressure, puissance, strength, superiority,
durance, firmness of purpose, fixity of purpose, habitual sway, vigor, weight
devotion, indefatigability, industriousness, insistence, in-
tentness, intrepidity, meticulosity, patience, persistence, DIPLOMATIC, adjective adept, artful, cautious in deal-
persistency, persistent exertion, pertinacity, purposefulness, ing, cunning, deft, dexterous, discreet, graceful, polite,
relentlessness, resolution, restlessness, sedulity, sedulous- politic, prudent, scheming, skillful in handling others,
ness, singleness of purpose, staying power, steadfastness, smoothly, strategic, tactful
steadiness, steady application, strength of will, stubborn- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: diplomatic immunity, diplomatic rec-
ness, tenaciousness, tenacity, tirelessness, undauntedness, ognition, diplomatic relations, diplomatic status
undivided attention, vigilence, vigor, zeal, zealousness
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: diligence in prosecution DIPSOMANIA, noun acute alcoholism, addictedness,
addiction, alcoholic addiction, alcoholism, bibacity, cacoe-
DILIGENT, adjective assiduous, attentive, busily intent, thes, chronic alcoholism, compulsion, crapulence, craving
businesslike, busy, conscientious, constant, dependable, for drink, drunkenness, ebriosity, excessive drinking, exces-
diligens, dogged, enduring, exact, faithful, fastidious, hard- siveness, inebriation, inebriety, insobriety, intemperance,
working, heedful, indefatigable, industrious, industrius, intoxication, obsession, potation
never idle, never tiring, operose, painstaking, perseverant,
persevering, persistent, pertinacious, punctilious, relent- DIRE, adjective annihilative, appalling, awful, baleful,
less, reliable, resolute, responsible, scholarly, sedulous, calamitous, cataclysmic, catastrophic, catastrophical,
steadfast, studious, tenacious, thorough, thoroughgoing, deadly, demolishing, destroying, destructive, devastating,
tireless, trustworthy, undaunted, unfaltering, unrelenting, direful, disastrous, dismal, dreaded, dreadful, eradicative,
unremitting, untiring, unwavering, unwearying, watchful exterminative, extirpative, extirpatory, extreme, fatal, fear-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: diligent creditor, diligent efforts, dili- ful, fell, frightening, grave, grievous, grim, horrible, horrid,
gent inquiry, diligent prosecution, diligent search, diligent horrifying, ill-boding, ill-omened, inauspicious, lethal, omi-
use, due diligence nous, portentous, ruinous, serious, sinister, terrible, tragic,
tragical, unfortunate, unlucky, unpropitious, woeful, worst
DILUTE, verb abbreviate, add water, attenuate, bate,
belittle, cheapen, combine with water, depreciate, detract DIRECT (Forthright), adjective aboveboard, blunt, can-
from, diluere, extenuate, lessen the strength of, make less did, clear, explicit, face-to-face, forthright, frank, genuine,
concentrated, make more fluid, make more liquid, make guileless, honest, ingenuous, open, outspoken, plain, point-
thin, make weak, minimize, mitigate, reduce the strength blank, pointed, rectus, sincere, straightforward, summary,
of, render weak, subtract, take away, thin, thin out, thin transparent, truthful, unaffected, unambiguous, unassum-
with liquid, water, weaken ing, unconstrained, undeceitful, undeceiving, undeceptive,
undesigning, undisguising, unfeigning, unpretending, un-
DIMENSION, noun area, boundaries, configuration, pretentious, unreserved, unrestrained, veracious, veridical
conformation, measure, outline, proportions, shape, size,
square measure, surface, territorial shape DIRECT (Straight), adjective aimed, guided, immedi-
ate, linear, rectilineal, steered, straightaway, true, unbent,
DIMINISH, verb abate, abbreviate, abrade, abridge, al- unbroken, undeflected, undeviating, undistorted, unswerv-
leviate, assuage, bate, become smaller, belittle, bound, cause ing, unturned, unwarped, without a bend, without circum-
to be smaller, cause to taper, cheapen, compress, consume, locution, without divergence
contract, curb, curtail, cut back, cut down, damp down, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: direct and proximate cause, direct
dampen, decelerate, decimate, decrease, deduct, deflate, attack, direct benefit, direct cause, direct contempt, direct
delete, deminuere, depopulate, depreciate, depress, de- control, direct damages, direct descendants, direct evi-
prive, derogate, detract, detract from, dilute, divest, do dence, direct interest, direct knowledge, direct loss, direct
subtraction, dock, drain, drop off, dull, dwindle, eat away, result, direct route, direct tax, direct testimony, direct trust
ebb, economize, empty, erode, excise, expurgate, extenu-
ate, fade away, fall away, grow less, lessen, lighten, limit, DIRECT (Uninterrupted), adjective connected, consec-
lower, make less, make smaller, make thin, minify, minimize, utive, continual, continuous, progressive, steady, straight,
minuere, mitigate, pare, prune, quell, quiet, recede, reduce, successive, unbroken, unending, unfaltering, unstopped
relieve, remit, render few, render smaller, restrain, retard,
retrench, roll back, rub away, run down, run low, scale down, DIRECT (Order), verb adjure, bid, call upon, charge,
shave off, shorten, shrink, slow down, step down, stifle, command, decree, demand, dictate, enjoin, give a direc-
subdue, subside, subtract, take away, take from, take off, tive, give an order, give directions, give instructions, give
taper, thin, thin out, tone down, tune down, unload, use up, orders, govern, instruct, issue a command, issue a decree,
wane, waste, waste away, weaken, wear away, wear down, issue an order, ordain, prescribe, rule, set a task, signal, tell
wear out, weed out, whittle, withdraw, wither ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: directed verdict

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DIRECT (Show), verb conduct, designate, guide, hom- DISABILITY (Legal disqualification), noun disablement,
ini viam monstrare, indicate, instruct, lead, navigate, point, impairment, invalidation, invalidity, legal incapacity, unfit-
point out, steer ness, unqualification, unqualifiedness, unsuitability, unsuit-
ableness, unsuitedness, want of legal capacity, want of
DIRECT (Supervise), verb administer, administrare, ad- legal qualification
ministrate, assign, be master, boss, coach, command, con- FOREIGN PHRASES: Contra non valentem agere nulla currit
duct, control, dirigere, dominate, educate, engineer, exer- praescriptio. No prescription runs against a person who is
cise authority, exercise supervision, govern, guide, head, unable to act.
lead, look after, manage, mastermind, oversee, preside,
preside over, regere, regulate, rule, stage, steer, superin- DISABILITY (Physical inability), noun affliction, ailment,
tend, take command debilitation, debility, deterioration, disablement, disorder,
disqualification, feebleness, frailty, handicap, helplessness,
DIRECT CAUSE, noun immediate cause, immediate illness, impairment, impotence, impotency, inability, inabil-
legal basis, immediate legal cause, immediate legal gene- ity to work, inadequacy, incapability, incapacitation, inca-
sis, legitimate legal cause, legitimate legal reason, prime pacity, incompetence, incompetency, indisposition, inef-
cause, sufficient legal basis, sufficient legal cause, sufficient fectiveness, ineffectuality, ineffectualness, inefficacy,
legal factor, sufficient legal genesis, sufficient legal induce- inefficiency, infirmity, insufficiency, malady, powerlessness,
ment, sufficient legal source, true justification, true legal sickness, unfitness, unsoundness, weakness
basis, true legal cause, true legal inducement, true legal ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: complete disability, continuous dis-
source ability, disability benefits, disability compensation, disability
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: concurrent clause, just cause, sufficient insurance, general disability, medical disability, mental dis-
combined causes ability, partial disability, physical disability, proof of disabil-
ity, temporary disability, total disability
DIRECTION (Course), noun aim, approach, bearing,
bent, blueprint, course of action, cursus, design, draft, drift, DISABLE, verb annul, bar, becripple, break, cancel,
heading, inclination, line, map, master plan, method, out- cripple, crush, damage, deactivate, debar, debilitare, debili-
line, plan, policy, procedure, program, range, regio, route, tate, deflate, deprive of power, deprive of strength, de-
scheme, strategy, tactics, tendency, trend, via, way value, devitalize, disarm, disassemble, disenable, disen-
franchise, disfranchise, dismantle, disqualify, emasculate,
DIRECTION (Guidance), noun administration, admoni- endamage, enervare, enervate, enfeeble, exhaust, harm,
tion, advice, advocacy, auspices, care, charge, coaching, hinder, hurt, impair, inactivate, incapacitate, indispose, in-
conduct, consilium, counsel, design, directorship, educa- jure, invalidate, lame, maim, make inactive, make incapa-
tion, enlightenment, exhortation, governorship, guberna- ble, make unfit, make useless, mangle, mutilate, neutralize,
tio, headship, information, injunction, instruction, jurisdic- nullify, paralyze, preclude, prostrate, put out of action, ren-
tion, leadership, management, managership, ministration, der helpless, render impotent, render incompetent, render
officiation, oversight, pilotage, preparation, protection, powerless, render unfit, ruin, sabotage, scathe, sicken,
recommendation, regulation, steerage, superintendence, spoil, stultify, take to pieces, undermine, unnerve, vitiate,
supervision, surveillance, teaching, training, tuition, tute- weaken, wound, wreck
lage, tutoring ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: disabled from holding office, disabled
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: directions of donor, under the direction of vehicle, disabled veterans, disabled worker, partially dis-
abled, wholly disabled, workmen’s compensation
DIRECTION (Order), noun adjudication, canon, charge,
citation, command, commandment, decree, demand, dic- DISABLED (Deprived of legal right), adjective disen-
tate, directive, edico, edict, enactment, fiat, imperative, abled, disqualified, helpless, impotent, incapacitated, inef-
imperium, injunction, instructions, iubeo, judgment, man- fectual, inoperative, invalid, invalidated, legally incapable,
date, ordinance, precept, prescript, prescription, proscrip- unable, unendowed, unfit, unqualified, untenable
tion, regulation, rescript, rubric, rule, subpoena, summons,
warrant, writ DISABLED (Made incapable), adjective bedridden,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: direction of verdict, express direc- crippled, debilitated, decrepit, defenseless, deprived of
tion, specific direction of court strength, devitalized, disarmed, disenabled, enfeebled,
handicapped, helpless, hors de combat, impaired, impo-
DIRECTIVE, noun behest, bidding, charge, command, tent, incapacitated, incompetent, indisposed, ineffective,
commandment, declaration, decree, decretal, demand, inefficacious, inept, invalid, maimed, paralytic, paralyzed,
dictate, direction, edict, enjoinment, fiat, hest, imperative, pregnable, shattered, unendowed, unfit, unfitted, unforti-
instruction, mandate, notification, order, ordinance, pre- fied, unqualified, useless, vincible
cept, prescript, prescription, proclamation, requirement, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: veterans’ rights
rescript, ukase, writ
DISABLING, adjective crippling, damaging, debilitat-
DIRECTOR, noun administrator, boss, chief, curator, ing, enfeebling, harming, hurting, impairing, incapacitating,
executive, executor, foreman, governor, guide, inspector, injuring, maiming, paralyzing, weakening
intendant, leader, manager, overseer, presiding officer,
principal, proctor, procurator, superintendent, supervisor DISABUSE, verb acquaint, admonish, advise, air, an-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: board of directors, de facto director, nounce, apprise, awaken, brief, clear the mind, communi-
de jure director, director’s liability, dummy director, inter- cate, convey, correct, debunk, direct the attention to, dis-
locking directorates close, disillusion, divulge, edify, educate, enlarge the mind,
enlighten, eripere, expose, fill with information, free from a
DIRECTORY, noun catalog, guidebook, handbook, mistaken belief, free from error, give to understand, illu-
index, manual, reference book, reference work mine, impart, indicate, inform, instruct, lay open, let know,

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make known, manifest, notify, open the mind, point out, obstruct, overburden, overload, prejudice, put out, rein,
prove, put right, put straight, recount, rectify, relate, rem- repress, restrict, retard, saddle, shackle, stall, stymie, sup-
edy, remove falsehood, report, reveal, rid of deception, set press, thwart, trammel, weaken, weigh down
right, set straight, specify, state, straighten out, teach, tell
the truth, unbeguile, unblindfold, uncover, undeceive, un- DISADVANTAGED, adjective burdened, deprived,
fold, unfool, unmask, unveil, vent handicapped, impeded, prejudiced, retarded, weakened

DISACCORD, noun affray, animosity, antagonism, ar- DISADVANTAGEOUS, adjective adverse, baleful, bane-
gument, argumentation, brawl, broil, caviling, clashing, ful, biased, corrosive, counteractant, damaging, deleterious,
cleavage, conflict, conflict of opinion, confrontation, con- destructive, detrimental, disapproved, disserviceable, gain-
tention, contradiction, contrariety, contrariness, contro- less, harmful, hindering, hurtful, impolitic, inadvisable, in-
versy, cross-purposes, debate, difference, disaffection, commodus, injurious, inopportune, insalubrious, malefic,
disagreement, discongruity, discord, discordance, discor- maleficent, malignant, negative, pernicious, prejudicial,
dancy, discrepancy, disharmony, disparity, disputation, profitless, thwarting, unadvisable, unavailing, unfavorable,
dispute, disruption, dissension, dissent, dissidence, disso- unfruitful, unhealthy, unhelpful, unprofitable, unpropitious,
nance, disunion, disunity, divergence, diversity of opinion, unwise
division, embranglement, embroilment, enmity, faction,
failure to agree, falling out, feud, fracas, friction, hetero- DISAFFECT, verb alienate, antagonize, cause a rift, cause
doxy, imbroglio, incompatibility, incongruence, incongru- dislike, cause hostility, come between, destroy the affec-
ity, inconsistency, inconsonance, inharmoniousness, inhar- tion of, disenchant, disfavor, disillusion, disoblige, dissat-
mony, maladjustment, misalliance, nonagreement, isfy, disunite, divide, envenom, estrange, incense, irritate,
nonconformity, noncooperation, odds, opposition, polem- make discontented, make disloyal, make hostile, make in-
ics, protest, quarrel, rift, row, schism, skirmish, split, imical, make less friendly, make unfaithful, mislike, provoke
squabble, strained relations, strife, tension, unconformity, hatred against, render averse, rile, separate, set against, set
variance at odds, sow dissension, turn away, wean away, withdraw
the affections of
DISACCORD, verb ablude, altercate, argue, be at vari-
ance, bicker, brabble, brangle, break with, challenge, clash, DISAFFECTION, noun abandonment, alienation, ani-
conflict, contend, contradict, contravene, controvert, de- mosity, antagonism, antipathy, aversion, bad blood, bad
bate, deny, deviate, differ, differ in opinion, disaffirm, dis- faith, bitterness, breach, break, contempt, coolness, defec-
agree, disapprove, disavow, discept, disclaim, discredit, tion, dereliction, desertion, disagreement, discomfort, dis-
disharmonize, dispute, dissent, disunite, divaricate, di- content, discord, discordance, disfavor, disgust, disillusion,
verge, divide, fall out, gainsay, have differences, have disinclination, dislike, disloyalty, displeasure, dissatisfac-
words with, hold opposite views, impugn, join issue, lack tion, dissension, dissent, dudgeon, dyspathy, enmity, es-
harmony, negate, object, oppose, protest, quarrel, rebut, trangement, falling-out, falseness, feud, grudge, hatred,
redargue, refuse assent, refuse to accept, refuse to ac- hostility, ill will, implacability, infidelity, malaise, malice,
knowledge, refuse to admit, refuse to consent, refute, re- mutiny, odium, offense, pique, rancor, rebellion, reluc-
ject, remonstrate, repudiate, repugn, resist, run counter to, tance, resentment, revenge, schism, secession, sedition,
split, squabble, take exception, traverse, vary, withhold ap- spleen, split, umbrage, unfriendliness, withdrawal
proval, withhold assent, wrangle
DISAFFIRM, verb abjure, abnegate, abolish, challenge,
DISADVANTAGE, noun adverse circumstance, adver- conflict with, contravene, controvert, defy, demur, deny,
sity, block, blockade, blockage, burden, check, curb, dam- differ, disaffiliate, disagree, disallow, disavow, disclaim,
age, defect, deficiency, detainment, determent, deterrence, disown, dispute, disregard, dissent, forswear, gainsay, im-
deterrent, detriment, difficulty, disability, disablement, dis- pugn, negate, object, oppose, oppugn, overrule, overturn,
commodity, discouragement, drawback, embarrassment, protest, raise objections, rebut, recant, refuse, refute, re-
encumbrance, failing, fault, frailty, hamper, handicap, harm, ject, renounce, repudiate, resist, retract, reverse, run coun-
hindrance, holdback, impediment, imperfection, imperfect- ter to, traverse
ness, imposition, inadequacy, inaptitude, incommodum, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: disaffirmance of contract
inconvenience, inexpedience, inferiority, infirmity, inhibi-
tion, iniquitas, injury, insalubriousness, insufficiency, inter- DISAFFIRMATION, noun abjuration, abjurement, con-
ference, lack, liability, limitation, loss, nuisance, objection, tradiction, contravention, contraversion, declination, denial,
obstacle, obstruction, penalty, prejudice, prevention, prob- disallowance, disavowal, disclaimer, disclamation, disown-
lem, repression, resistance, restraint, restriction, retarda- ing, disownment, forswearing, negation, refusal, rejection,
tion, retardment, setback, shortcoming, stifling, stumbling renunciation, repudiation, traversal
block, suppression, taint, unfavorable circumstance, unfa-
vorableness, weak point, weakness DISAGREE, verb argue, battle, be at variance, be con-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Cujus est commodum ejus debet esse trary, be discordant, be disunited, be in opposition, be of
incommodum. He who receives a benefit should also bear different opinions, be opposed, bicker, break with, cavil,
the disadvantage. challenge, clash, collide, conflict, confute, contest, contra-
dict, contravene, controvert, create strife, debate, defy,
DISADVANTAGE, verb astrict, baffle, balk, bridle, bur- demonstrate, demur, deny, depart, deviate, differ, differ in
den, cause problems, check, circumscribe, constrain, opinion, disapprove, discord, discrepare, dispute, dissent,
cramp, cumber, curb, damage, deprive of advantage, disac- dissentire, dissidere, dissociate oneself, divaricate, diverge,
commodate, discommode, encumber, foil, frustrate, ham- divide, fight, gainsay, have dissension, hold opposite
per, handicap, harm, hinder, hold back, hold in check, im- views, lack harmony, not accept, object, oppose, oppugn,
pair, impede, impedite, incommode, incommodum, protest, quarrel, raise objections, refuse assent, refuse to
inconvenience, inhibit, injure, interfere with, limit, muzzle, agree, refute, remonstrate, repudiate, repugn, revolt, split,

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take a stand against, take exception, take issue, think differ- DISAPPOINT, verb break one’s promise to, cause dis-
ently, traverse, vary, wrangle content, dash one’s expectation, deicere, discourage, disen-
chant, disgruntle, dishearten, disillusion, disillusionize, dis-
DISAGREEABLE, adjective abhorrent, argumentative, please, dissatisfy, fail, frustrari, hinder, let down, make
arrogant, bellicose, belligerent, bilious, bitter, brusque, can- dissatisfied, ruin one’s prospects, spe depellere
tankerous, choleric, churlish, contentious, contrary, cross,
crotchety, dour, glum, grumpy, harsh, ill-natured, indig- DISAPPOINTED, adjective crestfallen, dashed, de-
nant, irascible, irate, irritable, melancholic, nasty, obnox- feated, dejected, despondent, discontented, discouraged,
ious, offensive, ornery, peevish, petulant, short-tempered, disenchanted, disgruntled, disillusioned, displeased, dis-
snappish, sour, splenetic, sullen, surly, testy, touchy, un- satisfied, distressed, foiled, forlorn, frustrated, let down,
congenial, unfriendly, ungracious, unpleasant, unsavory put out, successless, thwarted, unsatisfied, unsuccessful

DISAGREEMENT, noun altercation, argument, argu- DISAPPROBATION, noun abhorrence, admonishment,

mentation, challenge, conflict, conflict of interest, conflict of adverse comment, animadversion, aspersion, ban, bar, cavil-
opinion, contention, contradiction, contraposition, contrari- ing, censure, chiding, commination, complaint, condemna-
ety, contrariness, contravention, controversy, debate, de- tion, contumely, criticism, damnation, decrial, denouncement,
murral, difference, difference of opinion, disaccord, dis- denunciation, deprecation, depreciation, derogation, detrac-
cord, discordance, discordancy, discrepancy, discrepantia, tion, diatribe, disagreement, disapproval, discommendation,
disharmony, disputation, dissensio, dissension, dissent, dis- discontent, discountenance, disdain, disesteem, disfavor, dis-
sidence, dissidium, dissimilitude, dissonance, disunion, like, disparagement, displeasure, dispraise, disrespect, dis-
disunity, divergent opinions, diversity of opinion, excep- satisfaction, dissent, dissidence, exclusion, excoriation, exe-
tion, faction, failure to agree, feud, gainsaying, incompati- cration, expostulation, gainsaying, imputation, indictment,
bility, inconsonance, inharmoniousness, negation, noncon- lamentation, negation, nonapproval, objection, objurgation,
sent, objection, odds, opposition, oppugnancy, polemics, opposition, opprobrium, protest, protestation, rating, rebuke,
quarrel, rebuttal, recusancy, strife, unconformity, variance rejection, remonstrance, remonstration, reprehension, repri-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Cum in corpore dissentitur, apparet nul- mand, reproach, reproof, reproval, repudiation, repugnance,
lam esse acceptionem. Where there is a disagreement on repugnancy, revilement, revulsion, scurrility, shunning, vili-
the substance, it appears that there is no acceptance. pendency, vitriol

DISALLOW, verb abjure, abnegate, abrogate, contra- DISAPPROVAL, noun abhorrence, adverse comment,
dict, contravene, controvert, deny, disaffirm, disagree, animadversion, censure, complaining, complaint, condem-
disapprove, disavow, disclaim, discredit, disown, dispute, nation, contradiction, contravention, criticism, demurrer,
dissent, impugn, negate, not accept, not comply, not con- demurring, denial, denouncement, denunciation, depreca-
firm, object, oppose, protest, rebuff, rebut, refuse, refuse to tion, detraction, difference, difference of opinion, disagree-
acknowledge, refuse to allow, refuse to corroborate, refuse ment, disallowance, disapprobation, discommendation,
to grant, refute, reject, renunciate, repudiate, repulse, re- discordance, discountenance, disdain, disesteem, disfavor,
sist, spurn, withhold approval dislike, disparagement, displeasure, dissatisfaction, dissent,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: disallow a claim, notice of disallowance dissentience, dissidence, exception, faultfinding, improba-
tio, low opinion, negation, nonacceptance, nonapproval,
DISALLOWANCE, noun abjuration, abjurement, censor- nonconsent, objection, opposition, protestation, refusal,
ship, compliance, contradiction, contravention, counter- rejection, remonstrance, remonstration, reprehension, re-
mand, declination, defeasance, denial, disaffirmation, dis- proach, repudiation, resistance, shunning, traversal, unac-
approval, disavowal, disclaimer, disownment, embargo, ceptance, veto
interdiction, nonconsent, nonforbiddance, obstacle, ob- FOREIGN PHRASES: Qui non improbat, approbat. He who
struction, prohibition, proscription, refusal, rejection, re- does not disapprove, approves.
nunciation, repudiation, restraint, traversal, veto
DISAPPROVE (Condemn), verb admonish, animadvert,
DISANNUL, verb abolish, abrogate, annul, cancel, belittle, berate, brand, call to account, cast aspersions on,
countermand, declare null and void, disclaim, disown, dis- cast blame upon, castigate, cavil, censure, chastise, chide,
solve, invalidate, nullify, overrule, quash, recall, recant, re- criticize, debase, declaim against, decry, denounce, denun-
nege, repeal, repudiate, rescind, retract, reverse, revoke, ciate, deprecate, discommend, discountenance, discredit,
set aside, vacate, vitiate, void, withdraw disfavor, dislike, disparage, dispraise, dress down, exclaim
against, excoriate, find fault with, fulminate against, hold up
DISAPPEAR, verb abire, abscond, be effaced, be to execration, hold up to reprobation, impeach, impugn,
erased, be lost to view, become extinct, become impercep- malign, muckrake, not take kindly to, object to, objurgate,
tible, decamp, dematerialize, dissipate, dissolve, escape, pass censure upon, pass unfavorable judgment upon, re-
evanesce, evanescere, evaporate, exit, extinguish, fade, buff, rebuke, regard as wrong, regard with blame, remon-
fade away, flee, leave, leave no trace, melt away, pass out strate, reprehend, reprimand, reproach, reprobate, re-
of sight, recede from view, retreat, take flight, take wing, prove, repudiate, revile, run down, scold, set oneself
undergo eclipse, vacate, vanish, vaporize against, sully, take a dim view of, take exception to, take to
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: unexplained disappearance task, think ill of, think reprehensible, think wrong, upbraid,
view with disfavor, vilipend
DISAPPEARANCE, noun absence, concealment, de-
materialization, departure, desertion, dispersal, dissipation, DISAPPROVE (Reject), verb abnegate, be against, be
eclipse, erosion, escape, evanescence, evaporation, exit, contrary, be opposed to, boycott, come in conflict with,
exodus, fading, flight, obscuration, occultation, retirement, condemnare, confute, contradict, contravene, controvert,
vanishment, withdrawal debunk, decline to sanction, demur, deny, deprecate, di-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: disappearance of evidence saccord with, disagree with, disallow, disavow, disclaim,

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dispute, gainsay, go against, negate, negative, not abide, exterminatory, extirpative, fell, fraught with harm, frightful,
not accept, not admit, not approve, not consider, not coun- funestus, grievous, grim, harmful, harrowing, heartbreak-
tenance, not have any part of, not support, object, oppose, ing, horrendous, horrible, horrid, hurtful, ill-omened, injuri-
pass up, protest, rebuff, refuse, refuse assent to, refuse ous, malefic, malign, oppressive, perilous, perniciosus,
consent, refuse to confirm, refuse to ratify, refuse to re- pernicious, ravaging, ruining, ruinous, sinistrous, tragic,
ceive, refuse to sanction, reject as inadmissable, renounce, tragical, unfavorable
repel, repudiate, resist, scorn, set aside, shun, side against,
speak against, spurn, stand against, take exception, take DISAVOW, verb abnegate, back down, back out, call
exception to, turn away, turn down, turn from, veto, vote back, declare not to be true, decline, deny, deny absolutely,
against, vote down, withhold approval from, withhold deny connection with, deny emphatically, deny entirely,
one’s assent, withhold permission deny peremptorily, deny responsibility for, deny wholly,
diffiteri, disaffirm, disbelieve, discard, disclaim, discredit,
DISARM (Divest of arms), verb arma homini adimere, disdain, disown, dispense with, dissent, dissociate oneself,
attenuate, cripple, deactivate, debilitate, decimate, deesca- forswear, infitiari, infitias ire, invalidate, negate, negative,
late, demilitarize, demobilize, deprive of arms, deprive of not accept, not admit, not approve, not confirm, not main-
means of defense, deprive of power, deprive of strength, tain, not pass, nullify, pass up, protest, recall, recant, re-
deprive of weapons, devitalize, dilute, disable, disenable, fuse, refuse credence, refuse to accept, refuse to acknowl-
disinvigorate, enervate, enfeeble, hominem armis exuere, edge, refuse to admit, refuse to corroborate, reject,
incapacitate, invalidate, make inactive, make useless, relinquish, renounce, repel, repudiate, repulse, rescind,
muzzle, neutralize, paralyze, put out of combat, reduce retract, revoke, scorn, send back, set aside, set at naught,
forces, reduce in strength, reduce the armament, render shun, spurn, take back, traverse, turn away from, turn back,
harmless, render innocuous, render powerless, render turn from, veto, withdraw
weak, strip, unarm, undermine, weaken
DISBAND, verb break apart, break the association of,
DISARM (Set at ease), verb allay fears, allay mistrust, break up, cut off, deactivate, demobilize, detach, dimittere,
appease, assuage, assure, beguile, bring around, bring discharge, disconnect, disembody, disengage, disjoin, dis-
over, conciliate, content, divest of suspicion, gain over, gain joint, dislocate, dismember, dismiss, dismiss from service,
the confidence of, make friendly, mollify, pacify, placate, disorganize, dispel, disperse, dissever, dissociate, dissolve
propitiate, quell suspicion, reconcile, remove suspicion, by dismissal, disunite, divorce, exauctorare, go apart, go
restore harmony, satisfy, smooth over, subdue, touch, tran- different ways, go separate ways, let go, let out, part, part
quilize, win over company, release, scatter, separate, sever, sunder, unbind,
uncouple, withdraw from association
DISARRANGE, verb confuse, derange, discompose,
dislocate, disorder, disorganize, disorient, displace, disrupt, DISBAR, verb disbench, dismiss from the bar, dismiss
disturb, jumble, mismanage, ruffle, scatter, scramble, un- from the legal profession, disqualify as an attorney, divest
settle, upset of legal office, drum out of the legal profession, exclude
from the profession of law, expel from the bar, expel from
DISASSOCIATE, verb cut off, detach, disconnect, disen- the legal profession, invalidate an attorney’s license, re-
gage, disjoin, dissociate, disunite, divide, divorce, isolate, move from legal office, remove from the practice of law,
part, remove, seclude, separate, set apart, sever, uncouple, remove from the roll of attorneys, render an attorney’s li-
withdraw cense null and void, rescind an attorney’s license to prac-
tice, revoke one’s license to practice law, strike off the roll
DISASSOCIATION, noun breach, break, breakdown, of lawyers, suspend from the practice of law, suspend from
detachment, dichotomy, discerption, disconnection, discon- the profession of law, void the license of an attorney
tinuation, disengagement, disjointure, disjunction, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: disbarment proceedings
dismemberment, disruption, disseverence, dissociation, dis-
solution, disunion, divarication, divergence, division, divorce, DISBELIEVE, verb be doubtful, be incredulous, be
divorcement, interruption, partition, rift, rupture, schism, skeptical, be unconvinced, challenge, consider implausible,
segmentation, separation, severence, split, sunderance consider not to be true, consider unproven, consider un-
true, discredit, dispute, distrust, doubt, give no credence
DISASTER, noun adversity, affliction, bale, bane, blight, to, give no credit to, harbor doubts, harbor suspicions, have
blunder, breakdown, brutum fulmen, calamitas, calamity, doubts, have qualms, have reservations, hold not to be
casualty, cataclysm, catastrophe, clades, collapse, contre- true, lack faith, mistrust, non credere, not accept, not be-
temps, crushing reverse, déabacle, devastation, downfall, lieve, not find tenable, question, refuse credence, refuse to
emergency, extremity, failure, fell stroke, fiasco, great mis- admit, refuse to believe, refuse to credit, reject, reject as
fortune, great mishap, hard blow, harm, holocaust, misad- untrue, remain unconverted, set no store by, suspect, take
venture, miscarriage, misery, misfortune, misventure, nasty no stock in, withhold assent
blow, ravage, ruin, ruination, ruinousness, scourge, set-
back, sudden misfortune, terrible accident, tragedy, travail, DISBURSE (Distribute), verb administer, allocate, allot,
trouble, undoing, unfortunate event, upheaval, upset, woe apportion, assign, circulate, deal out, diffuse, discharge,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: common disaster dispense, disseminate, divide, dole out, give, give away,
give out, hand out, make available, make distribution of,
DISASTROUS, adjective all-destroying, annihilative, mete, parcel out, pass out, prorate, ration, scatter, share,
appalling, bad, baneful, blighting, calamitosus, calamitous, spread
cataclysmal, cataclysmic, catastrophic, crushing, damaging,
deadly, deleterious, demolishing, desolating, destroying, DISBURSE (Pay out), verb bear the cost of, bear the
destructive, detrimental, devastating, dire, disheartening, expense of, compensate, defray, defray the cost, dissolvere,
distressing, dreadful, eradicative, exterminative, endure the cost of, expend, exsolvere, give money, give

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out in payment, incur costs, incur expenses, lay out, make DISCHARGE (Annulment), noun abolishment, abolition,
expenditure, make payment, meet charges, meet the bill, abrogation, canceling, cancellation, cessation, defeasance,
meet the expense of, outlay, pay, pay off, recompense, discontinuance, dissolution, invalidation, negation, nullifi-
reimburse, remunerate, render payment, repay, requite, cation, recall, repeal, repudiation, rescission, retractation,
reward, solvere, spend, stand the cost of, support the ex- reversal, revocation, voidance
pense of, tender payment, undergo the cost of, undergo
the expense of DISCHARGE (Dismissal), noun dimissio, displacement,
ejection, elimination, eviction, expulsion, firing, ouster,
DISBURSEMENT (Act of disbursing), noun alloting, al- ousting, removal, removal from employment, replacement,
lotment, apportioning, apportionment, assigning by lot, unseating
compensating, dealing out, dispersal, disposal, disseminat- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: cause for discharge, conditional dis-
ing, dissemination, dividing, handing out, laying out, charge, discharge from army, discharge from employment,
outgo, outlay, parceling out discharge of employee, discriminatory discharge, improper
discharge
DISBURSEMENT (Funds paid out), noun allowance,
compensation, costs, defrayal, defrayment, emolument, DISCHARGE (Liberation), noun absolution, acquittal,
expenditure, expense, fees, money going out, moneys clearance, deliverance, disenthrallment, emancipation, ex-
expended, moneys paid out, outgo, outlay, pay, payment, culpation, exemption, exoneration, extrication, legal re-
recompense, redress, reimbursement, remittance, remu- lease from confinement, loosing, release, release from
neration, repayment, restitution, spendings custody, reprieve, salvation, setting free
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: disbursements necessarily paid or in-
curred, legal disbursements, necessary disbursements DISCHARGE (Payment), noun acquitment, acquittal,
acquittance, amortization, amortizement, annulment of
DISCARD, noun castaway, castoff, debris, déclassé, debt, clearance, compensation, defrayal, defrayment, full
derelict, detritus, évacué, foundling, leaving, oddment, satisfaction, liquidation, paying off, recompense, redemp-
proscrit, reject, remainder, remnant, waste tion, refund, reimbursement, remittance, reparation, repay-
ment, restitution, retirement of a debt, return, satisfaction,
DISCERN (Detect with the senses), verb appreciate, ap- settlement, settlement on account
prehend, apprehend clearly, ascertain, awake to, become
acquainted with, become apprized, become aware of, be- DISCHARGE (Performance), noun accomplishment,
come informed, behold, cast eyes on, catch sight of, cog- achievement, attainment, carrying through, commission,
nize, command a view of, comprehend, descry, detect, completion, conclusion, consummation, culmination, dis-
discover, espy, examine, experience, fathom, have in patch, effectuation, enforcement, execution, fruition, fulfill-
sight, inspect, know, lay eyes on, look at, look on, look ment, implementation, observance, perpetration, produc-
upon, make out, mentally appreciate, note, notice, ob- tion, realization, termination
serve, perceive, realize, recognize, regard, scrutinize, see, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: discharge of duty, faithful discharge of
see at a glance, set eyes on, sight, spot, spy, view, visual- official duties
ize, witness
DISCHARGE (Release from obligation), noun abolition,
DISCERN (Discriminate), verb detect differences, dif- abrogation, absolution, acquittal, cancellation, defeasance,
ferentiate, distinguish, exercise discretion, have insight, deliverance, delivery, dismissal, dispensation, emancipa-
judge, keep in perspective, make distinctions, note the tion, exception, exculpation, excuse, exemption, exonera-
distinctions, recognize as distinct, see as distinct, see the tion, extrication, invalidation, loosing, nullification, pardon,
difference repeal, reprieve, rescission, revocation, voidance

DISCERNIBLE, adjective apparent, beholdable, cogni- DISCHARGE (Shot), noun blast, blasting, bombard-
zable, detectable, evident, in sight, knowable, manifest, ment, burst, coniectio, coniectus, crash, detonation, emana-
observable, perceivable, perceptible, recognizable, see- tion, emissio, emmission, explosion, firing, firing a charge,
able, self-evident, viewable, visible, visual flare, flash, fulguration, fulmination, fusillade, igniting,
salvo, spray, volley
DISCERNING, adjective acute, astute, circumspect,
clever, cognizant, conscious, critical, discreet, discriminat- DISCHARGE (Dismiss), verb cashier, cast, cast loose,
ing, discriminative, incisive, intelligent, judicious, juridical, depose, deprive of office, dimittere, disbar, discard, dis-
keen-sighted, knowing, lucid, omniscient, penetrating, employ, displace, drop, eject, exclude, expel, fire, get rid
perceptive, perspicacious, provident, rational, reasonable, of, give notice, impeach, let go, let loose, missum facere,
responsive, sagacious, sage, sapient, sensible, sensitive, put on the retired list, release, relieve, remove, remove
sharp, shrewd, subtle, understanding, wise from office, replace, retire, shut out, strike off the roll, sus-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: discern right from wrong pend, throw out, turn loose, turn out, unseat
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: discharged for cause, lawfully dis-
DISCERNMENT, noun acuity, acumen, acuteness, ap- charged, reinstatement
perception, appreciation, ascertainment, astuteness, clair-
voyance, cleverness, cognition, comprehension, conclu- DISCHARGE (Liberate), verb absolve, acquit, bail out,
sion, conspection, diagnosis, discovery, discretion, clear, deliver, emancipate, exculpate, excuse, exonerate,
discrimination, farsightedness, good sense, ingenuity, in- extricate, forgive, free, let go, let loose, let out, let out of
sight, intelligence, intuition, judgment, ken, knowledge, prison, loose, pardon, parole, purge, release, relieve, ren-
observance, penetration, perception, perspicacity, profun- der free, set at liberty, set free, turn loose
dity, realization, reason, sense, sensibility, sharpness, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: discharge from imprisonment, dis-
shrewdness, subtlety, understanding charge from prison

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DISCHARGE (Pay a debt), verb adjust, amortize, clear, DISCIPLINE (Punishment), noun amercement, castiga-
hand over, honor, liquidate, make reparation, make restitu- tion, chastening, chastisement, correction, deprivation, in-
tion, meet, pay in full, pay off, pay up, recompense, re- fliction, judgment, just deserts, penal retribution, penalty,
deem, refund, repay, satisfy, satisfy in full, settle, settle ac- penance, penology, reprimand, reproof, retribution, retrib-
counts, square accounts, strike a balance, take up utive justice, scourge, suffering, trial
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: discharge from obligation
DISCIPLINE (Training), noun coaching, conditioning,
DISCHARGE (Perform), verb accomplish, achieve, act conduct, cultivation, development, diligent exercise, dili-
on, adjust, administer, attain, bring about, bring to pass, gent practice, drill, drilling, exercise, grooming, guidance,
carry into effect, carry into execution, carry out, carry inculcation, indoctrination, initiation, instruction, practice,
through, complete, comply, concern oneself with, con- preparation, qualification, readying, regulation, rehearsal,
clude, consummate, culminate, devote oneself to, dispatch, schooling, system of drill, systematic training
dispose of, do, effect, effectuate, enforce, execute, fulfill, go
about, go through with, implement, munus obire, proceed DISCIPLINE (Control), verb administer, bridle, bring to a
with, produce, realize, render, resolve, succeed, transact state of obedience, bring under subjection, check, com-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: properly discharge one’s responsibilities mand, curb, direct, dominate, exercise direction over,
govern, govern strictly, harness, hold in leash, hold in line,
DISCHARGE (Release from obligation), verb abolish, limit, make toe the line, manage, muzzle, oversee, pull in,
abrogate, absolve, annul, cancel, declare null and void, regulate, rein in, restrain, restrict, stand over, subjugate,
discontinue, dismiss, dissolve, excuse, exempt, exonerate, superintend, supervise
forgive, invalidate, make void, nullify, quash, recall, relieve,
relieve of responsibility, remove, render void, repeal, re- DISCIPLINE (Punish), verb administer correction, bring
scind, retract, reverse, revoke, set aside to retribution, call to account, carry out a sentence, casti-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: discharge of a debt gate, chasten, chastise, correct, deal retributive justice,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Eodem modo quo oritur, eodem modo exact a penalty, exact retribution, execute a sentence, ex-
dissolvitur. It is discharged in the same manner in which it ecute judgment, execute justice, get even with, give one
was created. his deserts, impose a penalty, inflict penalty, inflict pen-
ance upon, make an example of, penalize, reprove,
DISCHARGE (Shoot), verb blast, burst, deliver a charge, scourge, sentence, subject to punishment, take to task,
detonate, emit, expel, explode, fire, fire at, fulminate, visit punishment
ignite, launch, mittere, open fire, send forth ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: deterrence, disciplinary proceeding,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: discharge of a weapon isolation, rehabilitation, retribution

DISCIPLE, noun accepter, adherent, admirer, advocate, DISCIPLINE (Train), verb accustom, break in, bring up,
ally, apostle, apprentice, auditor, backer, believer, condis- coach, condition, cultivate, direct, educate, enlighten,
ciple, devotee, discipulus, élève, favorer, follower, hanger- form, foster, give directions, give instructions, give lessons
on, imitator, learner, loyalist, promoter, protegé, pupil, re- in, groom, guide, habituate, impress upon the mind, incul-
ceiver, recruit, scholar, student, supporter, sympathizer, true cate, indoctrinate, infuse, instill, instituere, instruct, nurture,
believer, truster, votary prepare, put through paces, qualify, raise, ready, rear,
school, show, train by instruction
DISCIPLINARY (Educational), adjective academic, cul-
tural, didactic, didactical, doctrinal, educative, informa- DISCLAIM, verb abandon, abnegate, abrogate, annul,
tional, informative, instructional, instructive, paedeutic, cancel, declare null and void, deny, deny any knowledge
pedagogic, pedagogical, preceptive, preceptoral, schol- of, desert, disaffirm, disannul, disavow, disbelieve, discard,
arly, scholastic, training, tuitionary, tutorial discharge, discountenance, disown, dispense with, divest
oneself of, forgo, forsake, forswear, give up, not accept, not
DISCIPLINARY (Punitory), adjective amercing, casti- admit, recant, reject, renounce, repudiare, repudiate, re-
gatory, chastening, corrective, inflictive, penal, penological, scind, retract, set aside, spurn, take back, take exception to,
punishing, punitive, reformational, reformative, reforma- turn away, unsay
tory, regulatory, retaliatory, retributive, talionic
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: disciplinary action, disciplinary hear- DISCLAIMER, noun abandonment, abjuration, abjure-
ing, disciplinary power, disciplinary proceeding ment, annulment, denial, disaffirmation, disallowance,
disavowal, disclamation, disownment, dissociation, ne-
DISCIPLINE (Field of study), noun area of education, gation, nullification, recantation, refusal, rejection, relin-
area of learning, branch of instruction, branch of knowl- quishment, renouncement, renunciation, repudiation,
edge, course, curriculum, doctrine, education, field of inter- revocation
est, field of learning, learning, lore, teaching ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: disclaimer of interest, disclaimer of
knowledge, disclaimer of liability, disclaimer of title, dis-
DISCIPLINE (Obedience), noun acquiescence, compli- claimer of warranties, innocent bystanders, liability to third
ance, constancy, constraint, control, curb, deference, devo- parties, third parties
tion, disciplina, dutifulness, faithfulness, fidelity, limitation,
loyalty, malleability, nonresistance, obsequiousness, obser- DISCLOSE, verb acknowledge, acquaint, admit, advise,
vance, pliancy, repression, restraint, self-command, self- air, allude to, announce, aperire, apprise, bare, blazon, bring
conquest, self-denial, self-direction, self-mastery, self-regu- into the open, bring into view, bring out, bring to light,
lation, self-restraint, servility, stoicism, strength of character, circulate, communicate, confess, declare, describe, dete-
strength of will, submission, submissiveness, subordination gere, dismask, disseminate, divulge, enlighten, evidence,
to rules, will power evince, exhibit, expose, give utterance to, impart, indicare,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: disciplinary proceeding indicate, inform, lay bare, make known, make public,

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mention, notify, present, proclaim, promulgate, publish, mortify, muddle, nettle, nonplus, perplex, perturb, pester,
report, reveal, speak out, speak the truth, tell, uncover, pique, plague, provoke, put out, rattle, rile, roil, ruffle,
unearth, unfold, unmask, unscreen, unseal, unshroud, un- shake, shake up, shatter, stir, taunt, tease, throw into confu-
veil, utter, vent, voice sion, torment, tousle, trouble, try the patience, unbalance,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: disclose assets, disclose the location of unhinge, unsettle, upset, vex, worry
a debtor’s residence, disclose wrongdoing, disclosed prin-
cipal, disclosure of public information DISCONCERT, verb abash, agitate, alarm, annoy, ap-
pall, astound, bedazzle, bedevil, cause discontent, chagrin,
DISCLOSURE (Act of disclosing), noun admission, ad- confound, confuse, discomfit, discomfort, discompose,
visement, announcement, apprisal, assertion, communica- discountenance, dismay, disquiet, disrupt, disturb, fluster,
tion, concession, confession, declaration, disclosing, dissemi- give cause for alarm, percellere, perplex, perturb, pertur-
nation, divulgation, divulgement, divulgence, enlightenment, bare, puzzle, ruffle, startle, throw into confusion, upset
enumeration, exposition, exposure, informing, making aware,
making public, mention, notification, presentation to view, DISCONNECTED, adjective abstracted, adrift, apart,
proclamation, production, profession, publication, recital, asunder, broken, broken off, cut apart, cut in two, detached,
recitation, relation, representation, revealing, revealment, disassociated, discontinuous, discrete, disembodied, dis-
showing, telling, uncovering, uncovery, unfolding, unfold- joined, disjointed, disjunct, disjunctive, disparate, dis-
ment, unmasking, unveiling, uttering united, divergent, divorced, incoherent, inconsistent, inter-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS : disclosure device, disclosure of as- rupted, irrational, irrelative, isolated, jumbled, loose,
sets, disclosure of interest, duty of disclosure, false dis- noncohesive, partitioned, put asunder, scattered, separate,
closure, nondisclosure, right to disclosure, voluntary separated, set apart, set asunder, severed, sundered,
disclosure switched off, unaffiliated, unallied, unannexed, unassoci-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Suppressio veri, suggestio falsi. The ated, unattached, uncohesive, unconnected, uncoupled,
supression of truth is equivalent to the suggestion of what unintelligible, unjoined, unlinked, unrelated
is false.
DISCONSOLATE, adjective afflicted, anguished, atrabil-
DISCLOSURE (Something disclosed), noun acknowl- ious, bereaved, brokenhearted, burdened, careworn, cast
edgment, admission, affirmation, announcement, answer, down, cheerless, comfortless, crestfallen, crushed, de-
assertion, averment, avowal, communication, concession, jected, depressed, desolate, despairing, despondent, dis-
confession, confirmation, declaration, deposition, discov- couraged, disheartened, dismal, dispirited, distressed,
ery, divulgence, enunciation, explanation, exposé, exposi- doleful, dolorous, downcast, downhearted, elegiac, en-
tion, expression, indicium, information, inside information, cumbered, forlorn, funereal, gloomy, glum, grief-stricken,
knowledge, manifestation, message, news, notice, notifica- grieved, grieving, heartbroken, heartsick, heavy-laden,
tion, presentation, proclamation, profession, publication, hopeless, hurt, in despair, in heavy spirits, inconsolable,
recital, remark, report, revealment, revelation, statement, infelicitous, joyless, lachrymose, lamenting, languishing,
testimony, utterance, word lost, low-spirited, maestus, melancholic, melancholy, mis-
erable, moody, morose, mournful, mourning, overcome,
DISCOMMEND, verb asperse, attack, belittle, bring pained, pathetic, pessimistic, plaintive, sad, saturnine,
into discredit, censure, clamor against, condemn, con- sober, somber, sorrowful, spiritless, stricken, tearful, triste,
temn, criticize, decry, denigrate, denounce, deprecate, troubled, unconsolable, unhappy, unnerved, wan, weep-
depreciate, deride, derogate, detract, disapprove, dis- ing, woebegone, woeful, wretched
credit, disfavor, disparage, dispraise, disvalue, fault, find
fault, malign, reflect discredit upon, revile, ridicule, scoff DISCONTINUANCE, noun arrest, arrestment, cease,
at, slight, slur, sneer at, speak ill of, speak slightingly of, cease-fire, cessation, check, close, closedown, closure,
spurn, traduce, underrate, undervalue, view with disfavor, conclusion, cutoff, discontinuation, end, ending, expiration,
vilify, vilipend finish, halt, lapse, letup, moratorium, pause, phaseout,
shutdown, stay, stop, stoppage, surcease, suspension, ter-
DISCOMMODE, verb afflict, affront, aggravate, agi- mination
tate, annoy, arouse, astound, badger, beset, bother, chafe, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: discontinuance of an action
contravene, counteract, disaccommodate, disadvantage,
disconcert, dishearten, disoblige, displease, disquiet, dis- DISCONTINUANCE (Act of discontinuing), noun
tress, disturb, exasperate, grieve, harry, hinder, impede, abeyance, abolishment, abolition, adjournment, breaking
impose upon, incommode, inconvenience, irk, irritate, off, cancellation, canceling, cessation, defeasance, desis-
make uneasy, oppress, perplex, perturb, pique, plague, tance, discontinuation, dismissal, disruption, disuse, inter-
provoke, put to inconvenience, trouble, undermine, un- ruption, interval, invalidation, nonuse, nullification, pause,
nerve, upset, vex, worry postponement, recess, remission, stop, stoppage, suspen-
sion, termination, withdrawal
DISCOMPOSE, verb addle, afflict, aggravate, agitate,
annoy, appall, astound, badger, bedazzle, bedevil, befud- DISCONTINUANCE (Interruption of a legal action), noun
dle, bewilder, bring into disorder, browbeat, carp at, chafe, ampliation, cessation, desistance, discontinuation, dis-
confound, confuse, convulse, cross, daze, dazzle, dement, missal, moratorium, termination, withdrawal
demoralize, derange, disarrange, discomfit, discomfort,
discommode, disconcert, dishevel, dislocate, dismay, dis- DISCONTINUE (Abandon), verb abolish, abort, abro-
order, disorganize, displace, disquiet, distemper, disturb, gate, abstain, annul, apostatize, arrest, break, break off,
disturb the composure of, embitter, enrage, envenom, ex- bring to a close, bring to an end, call off, cancel, cause a
asperate, excite, ferment, fluster, fog, fret, goad, gripe, discontinuance, cease, cease using, check, close, complete,
harass, harry, heckle, hurt the feelings, incense, inflame, conclude, consummate, demit, desist, desist from, destroy,
infuriate, irk, irritate, jar, jolt, jumble, make uneasy, mix up, discard, disconnect, disjoin, dismiss, dissever, dissolve,

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disunite, drop, end, expire, finish, forfeit, forsake, give up, reduce the markup, sell below par, slash prices, strike off,
halt, have done with, invalidate, leave, leave off, let lapse, subduct, subtract, take from, take off, underprice, undersell,
play out, put an end to, quit, relinquish, renounce, repeal, undervalue
resign, retire, revoke, separate, sever, shut down, stop,
sunder, surrender, suspend, terminate, vacate, void, waive, DISCOURAGE, verb advise against, affright, animum
withdraw frangere, argue against, avert, cast down, cause discontent,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: discontinuance of an action, dismissal, cause dislike, cause doubt, caution, contraindicate, con-
judgment of discontinuance, lack of prosecution, nonsuit, vince to the contrary, dampen, daunt, deflect, dehort, de-
voluntary discontinuance ject, demoralize, deprecate, depress, deprive of courage,
destroy confidence, deter, deterrere, disaffect, discounte-
DISCONTINUE (Break continuity), verb adjourn, arrest, nance, disenchant, disgruntle, dishearten, disillusion, disin-
balk, break, break off, bring to a standstill, check, cut, cut cline, disinterest, dismay, dispirit, dissuade, divert, expos-
short, dam up, defer, delay, disconnect, disengage, disjoin, tulate, forestall, frighten away, give one pause, hinder,
disrupt, dissever, dissolve, disturb, disunite, divide, foil, impose difficulties, indispose, inspire fear, intimidate, keep
frustrate, hesitate, hinder, hold in abeyance, intercept, in- back, keep from, lessen the self-confidence of, lower the
terfere with, interject, intermit, interpose, interrupt, inter- courage of, obstruct by opposition, oppose, persuade
vene, intrude, leave off, obstruct, part, postpone, punctu- against, put a damper on, quench, remonstrate, render
ate, recess, remit, retard, separate, sever, sunder, suspend, averse, repel, reprove, restrain, sadden, scare, set against,
thwart, wait, waive thwart, turn aside, turn from, unnerve, upset, warn,
weaken the resolution of
DISCORD, noun animosity, antagonism, argumenta-
tion, bickering, clashing, conflict, contention, controversy, DISCOURAGEMENT, noun cold feet, constraint, curb,
difference, disaccord, disaccordance, disagreement, dis- damper, defeatism, dejection, demoralization, depression,
congruity, discordance, discordia, discrepancy, dishar- desolation, despair, despondency, deterrent, dishearten-
mony, disparity, dispute, dissensio, dissension, dissent, ment, disincentive, dismay, dispiritedness, downhearted-
dissentience, dissidence, dissidium, dissimilarity, disso- ness, hamper, hindrance, low spirits, obstacle, pessimism,
nance, disunion, disunity, divergent opinions, diversity, di- rebuff, resignation, restraint, sadness
vision, divisiveness, enmity, faction, failure to agree, fric-
tion, hostility, ill feeling, ill will, incompatibility, DISCOURSE, noun address, allocution, argument, argu-
incongruence, incongruity, lack of concord, nonagreement, mentation, commentary, conference, conlocutio, conloquium,
opposition, quarreling, schism, split, strained relations, conversation, declamation, dialogue, discussion, disquisition,
strife, unharmoniousness, variance, wrangling dissertation, elucidation, exchange of views, excursus, exhor-
tation, exposition, expression of views, formal discussion, in-
DISCORDANT, adjective adverse, antagonistic, antipa- terchange of views, interlocution, language, lecture, oral
thetical, antithetical, antonymous, at cross purposes, at communication, oration, prelection, recital, recitation, rhetori-
variance, cacophonous, clashing, colliding, conflicting, con- cal presentation, sermo, speech, talk, verbal communication,
flictory, contradictory, contradistinct, contrarious, contrary, verbal exposition, verbal intercourse
counter, differing, disaccordant, disagreeing, discors, dis-
crepans, discrepant, dissentient, dissenting, dissident, dis- DISCOURSE, verb address, comment, commune with,
similar, dissonant, dissonus, divergent, diverse, hostile, in communicate orally, confabulate, confer, conloqui, con-
disagreement, inaccordant, incompatible, incongruent, in- verse, debate, deliver a speech, deliver a talk, deliver an
congruous, inconsistent, inconsonant, inharmonious, inimi- address, dilate, discuss, dissertate, exchange observations,
cal, inverse, irreconcilable, opposed, opposing, opposite, expatiate, explain, expound, give a speech, give a talk,
oppositional, oppugnant, out of accord, strident, unagree- give an address, hold a conference, lecture, make a speech,
ing, variant orate, orationem facere, orationem habere, parley, per-
orate, prelect, recite, sermonize, speak, talk, talk over, talk
DISCOUNT, noun abatement, allowance, amount de- together
ducted, bargain, decessio, decrease, decrement, deductio,
deduction, diminution, lower price, markdown, reduction, DISCOVER, verb ascertain, awake to, become in-
special price, subtraction formed, behold, bring to light, chance upon, cognoscere,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: discount a loan, discount bills, dis- collect knowledge, come to know, come upon, comperire,
count notes, trade discount deduce, descry, detect, determine, diagnose, discern, di-
vine, elicit, encounter, expose, ferret out, find out, get a
DISCOUNT (Disbelieve), verb be indifferent to, belittle, glimpse of, identify, invenire, investigate, learn, learn for a
brush aside, decessio, deductio, depreciate, discounte- certainty, learn of, locate, manifest, observe, perceive, pin-
nance, discredit, disdain, disesteem, disparage, disregard, point, realize, see, turn up, uncover, understand, unearth,
distrust, doubt, gloss over, harbor suspicions, ignore, make unravel
light of, misprize, mistrust, pass over, pay no attention, pay ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: discover facts and information known
no heed, pay no mind, question, slight, spurn, suspect by an adverse party, discovered negligence, doctrine of
discovered peril, proceeding to discover assets
DISCOUNT (Minimize), verb abate, abbreviate, abridge,
allay, attenuate, condense, curtail, deflate, detract, diminish, DISCOVERABLE (Evident), adjective accountable, ap-
lessen, minimalize, pare, reduce, render less, scale down, parent, appreciable, ascertainable, assayable, calculable,
shorten, underestimate, understate, undervalue clear, computable, conspicuous, countable, detectable,
discernible, estimable, evident, manifest, measurable, no-
DISCOUNT (Reduce), verb abate, allow a margin, cut, ticeable, obvious, palpable, patent, perceptible, predict-
decrease, deduct from, depreciate, detract, lower, lower able, recognizable, revealed, seeable, unconcealed, unhid-
the sale price, make allowance for, mark down, rebate, den, unmistakable, viewable, visible

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DISCOVERABLE (Law), adjective available evidence, concert, lack of conformity, lack of congruence, lack of con-
disclosure, evidence release, evidence turned over, obtain- gruity, lack of consonance, lack of resemblance, matter of
able evidence, open evidence, produced evidence, re- disputation, nonagreement, nonconformity, nonuniformity,
vealed evidence, unconcealed evidence, unhidden split, subject of controversy, subject of dispute, unconfor-
evidence, viewable evidence, visible evidence mity, unlikeness, variance, variation
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: evidence, federal rules of procedure,
rules of civil procedure DISCREPANT, adjective at variance, clashing, conflict-
ing, conflictory, contradictory, contrary, deviant, different,
DISCOVERY, noun acquisition of knowledge, ascertain- differing, disagreeing, discordant, disparate, disproportion-
ment, checking, declaration, descrial, detection, discern- ate, dissenting, dissident, dissimilar, dissonant, distinct, diver-
ment, disclosure, disclosure proceedings, distinguishing, gent, diverse, divided, divisive, factious, ill-matched, ill-
divulgence, espial, examination for the purpose of ascer- mated, inapplicable, inapposite, incommensurate,
taining facts, exploration, exposition, exposure, finding out, incongruent, incongruous, inconsistent, inconsonant, inimi-
first sight, identification, inquiry, inspection, investigation, cal, jarring, opposite, peculiar, quarreling, schismatic, un-
investigation to uncover facts, observation, perception, conformable, unrelated, variant
perusal, pretrial examination proceedings, quest, recon-
noitering, revealment, revelation, scrutiny, sighting, sur- DISCRETE, adjective apart, asunder, cut off, detached,
veying, uncovering, unearthing different, disassociated, disconnected, discontinu, discon-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: discovery of deceit, discovery of facts, tinuous, discretive, disengaged, disjoined, disjoint, disjunct,
discovery of fraud, discovery of loss, discovery of mistake, dissociated, distinct, distinguished, disunited, divided, indi-
discovery proceeding, discovery which can be patented, vidual, isolated, noncontinuous, parted, removed, separate,
doctrine of discovered peril separated, sundered, unannexed, unassimilated, unassoci-
ated, unattached, unconnected, unfastened, unjoined
DISCREDIT, noun animadversion, aspersion, attaint,
baseness, castigation, censure, condemnation, contumely, DISCRETION (Power of choice), noun analysis, ap-
criticism, debasement, dedecus, degradation, denunciation, praisal, assessment, choice, consideration, contemplation,
derogation, disapprobation, disapproval, disbelief, dises- decision, designation, determination, discrimination, dis-
teem, disfavor, disgrace, dishonor, disparagement, dis- tinction, election, evaluation, examination, free decision,
praise, disreputability, disrepute, distrust, ignominia, igno- free will, freedom of choice, liberty of choosing, liberty of
miny, impaired reputation, imputation, incredulity, infamia, judgment, license, option, optionality, permission, pick,
infamy, ingloriousness, lack of confidence, lack of esteem, power of choosing, review, right of choice, sanction, selec-
loss of belief, loss of credence, loss of credit, loss of repute, tion, self-determination, suffrage, suo arbitrio, volition, will
mistrust, odium, opprobrium, probrum, reflection, remon- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: absolute discretion, abuse of discre-
strance, reprehension, reproach, reprobation, repudiation, tion, administrative discretion, arbitrariness, capriciousness,
revilement, scandal, shame, slur, stain, stigma, stricture, certiorari, judicial discretion, legal discretion, mandamus,
taint, tarnish, turpitude prohibition, unreasonableness
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: discredit a witness FOREIGN PHRASES: Optima est lex quae minimum relinquit
arbitrio judicis; optimas judex qui minimum sibi. That
DISCREDIT, verb abrogare, asperse, besmirch, brand, is the best system of law which leaves the least to the dis-
bring disgrace upon, bring into disfavor, bring reproach cretion of the judge; that judge is the best who leaves the
upon, cast aspersions on, cast shame upon, debase, decry, least to his own discretion. Optimam esse legem, quae
degrade, denigrate, deprecate, depreciate, deprive of minimum relinquit arbitrio judicis; id quod certitudo
credit, derogare, derogate from, discount, disgrace, dis- ejus praestat. That law is the best which leaves the least
honor, disparage, downgrade, hold up to shame, impair the discretion to the judge; this is an advantage which results
reputation of, impute shame to, injure the credit of, involve from its certainty. Optimus judex, qui minimum sibi. He
in shame, make distasteful, malign, reflect dishonor upon, is the best judge who leaves the least to his own discretion.
reprehend, scandalize, stain, stigmatize, taint, tarnish Quam longum debet esse rationabile tempus non
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: discredit a witness, discredited witness definitur in lege, sed pendet ex discretione justiciario-
rum. How long a reasonable time ought to be is not de-
DISCREET, adjective astute, calculating, careful, cau- fined by law, but is left to the discretion of the judges.
tious, cautus, chary, circumspect, consideratus, deliberate, Quam rationabilis debet esse finis, non definitur, sed
diplomatic, discerning, discretional, discretionary, discrimi- omnibus circum stantiis inspectis pendet ex justiciari-
nate, discriminating, discriminative, distinguishing, fore- orum discretione. What a reasonable fine ought to be is
thoughtful, guarded, intelligent, judicious, mindful, percep- not defined, but is left to the discretion of the judges, all the
tive, polite, politic, precautious, prepared, prudens, circumstances being considered.
prudent, refined, reflecting, regardful, reserved, reticent,
sensible, sensitive, subtle, thoughtful, vigilant, watchful, DISCRETION (Quality of being discreet), noun ability to
well-advised, wise get along with others, acuteness, aesthetic judgment, ap-
preciation, appreciativeness, art of negotiating, artful man-
DISCREPANCY, noun aberration, anomaly, asymme- agement, artfulness, artistic judgment, attention, care,
try, clash, conflict, contradiction, contrast, departure, devia- carefulness, caution, cautiousness, chariness, circumspec-
tion, difference, differential, differentiation, disaccord, dis- tion, circumspectness, cleverness, competence, concern,
agreement, discongruity, discord, discordance, disharmony, considerateness, consideration, craft, deftness, delibera-
disparity, disputed point, dissimilarity, dissimilitude, disso- tion, delicacy, diplomacy, discernment, discreetness, dis-
nance, divergence, failure to correspond, ground of argu- criminating taste, discrimination, discriminatory powers,
ment, inaccordance, incompatibility, incongruence, incon- distinction, expertness, facility, finesse, good sense, guard-
gruency, incongruity, inconsistency, inequality, edness, heed, heedfulness, insight, intuition, iudicium, ju-
irreconcilability, lack of accord, lack of agreement, lack of diciousness, mature responsibility, maturity, mindfulness,

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nicety, particularness, perception, perspicacity, polish, illegal discrimination, invidious discrimination, overwhelm-
precaution, presence of mind, providence, prudence, pru- ing state interest, prejudicial discrimination, race discrimi-
dentia, qualification, quick judgment, refined discrimina- nation, rational basis, reasonable classification, unjust
tion, refinement, regardfulness, resourcefulness, safeguard, discrimination
sagacity, sagesse, savoir faire, sensitiveness, sensitivity,
sharpness, shrewd diagnosis, shrewdness, skill, sound DISCRIMINATION (Differentiation), noun analysis, ap-
judgment, sound reasoning, statesmanship, strategy, sub- praisal, appreciation, assessment, comprehension, consid-
tlety, sympathetic perception, tact, tactfulness, taste, tech- eration, contemplation, contrasting, demarcation, discri-
nique, thoughtfulness, wariness, watchfulness, wisdom men, disequalization, distinctio, distinction, distinguishment,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: absolute discretion, abuse of discre- division, estimation, examination, evaluation, individualiza-
tion, administrative discretion, discretion to set aside a tion, segregation, separation, setting apart, weighing
judgment, improper exercise of discretion, judicial discre- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: compelling state interest, equal pro-
tion, prosecutorial discretion, sound discretion tection
FOREIGN PHRASES: Discretio est scire per legem quid sit
justum. Discretion consists in knowing through the law DISCRIMINATION (Good judgment), noun acumen,
what is just. acuteness, circumspection, discernment, discreetness, dis-
cretion, good sense, insight, intellegentia, intelligence, in-
DISCRETIONARY, adjective conative, discretional, dis- tuition, iudicium, judiciousness, knowledge, perception,
criminative, elective, left to discretion, left to individual perspicacity, perspicuity, prudence, prudentia, rationality,
judgment, optional, selective, volitional, volitive reason, sagacity, shrewdness, sound reasoning, thoughtful-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: discretionary authority, discretionary ness, understanding
damages, discretionary power of the court, discretionary trusts
DISCRIMINATORY, adjective biased, bigoted, favoring,
DISCRIMINATE (Distinguish), verb characterize, clas- inequitable, influenced, iniquitous, jaundiced, one-sided,
sify, compare, contrast, designate, determine the essen- partisan, preconceived, predilected, predisposed, prejudg-
tials, differentiate, diiudicare, discernere, distinguere, di- ing, prejudiced, selective, separate, slanted, undispassion-
vide, draw the line, individualize, internoscere, label, make ate, unjust, unjustified, warped
a choice, make a distinction, make a selection, mark, mark ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: discriminatory action, discriminatory
the difference between, note differences, point out, recog- implementation, discriminatory laws, selective enforce-
nize as separate, see the difference, separate, set apart, set ment
off, sift, sort out, tell apart
DISCURSIVE (Analytical), adjective a fortiori, a poste-
DISCRIMINATE (Treat differently), verb avoid, be par- riori, a priori, analytic, argumentative, deductive, dialectic,
tial, be predisposed, bear a grudge against, bear malice, disquisitional, epagogic, inductive, inferential, interpreta-
disapprove of, disfavor, favor, have an affection for, have ill tive, logical, ratiocinative, ratiocinatory, rational, rationalis-
feelings toward, incline toward, lean toward, look down tic, reasoning
upon, make a distinction, object to, prefer, reject, show an
aversion, show bias, show preference, show prejudice, DISCURSIVE (Digressive), adjective aimless, circuitous,
shun, tend toward desultory, deviating, deviative, devious, disconnected,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: age discrimination, discriminate drifting, errant, indirect, meandering, rambling, random,
against an employee, discriminate in price, discriminatory ranging, roaming, roundabout, roving, shifting, straying,
tax, equal protection, invidious discrimination, race dis- undirected, unsystematic, vagus, varius, wandering
crimination, religious discrimination, sex discrimination,
unlawful discrimination DISCUSS, verb agitare, air, analyze, argue for and
against, argue the case, argue the point, bandy words, carry
DISCRIMINATING (Distinguishing), adjective contra- on a conversation, comment, comment upon, confabulate,
distinct, contrasting, diacritical, differentiating, differentia- confer, confer with, consider, consult, contend in words,
tive, differing, discriminate, distinctive, inconsistent, indi- contest, converse, debate, deliberate upon, dialogize, dis-
vidualizing, selective, separative ceptare, discourse, discourse about, disputare, disserere, dis-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: discrimination because of race, dis- sertate, engage in a conversation, engage in conversation,
crimination in hiring, discriminatory practices, equal protec- engage in oral controversy, exchange observations, ex-
tion, illegal discrimination, invidious discrimination, racial change opinions, explain, have a conference on, hold con-
discrimination, reverse discrimination clave, hold conference, hold conversations, hold intercourse,
indulge in argument, interchange views, join in a conversa-
DISCRIMINATING (Judicious), adjective appraising, tion, negotiate, parley, partake in a symposium, present
astute, clear-sighted, critical, discerning, dispassionate, varied opinions, reason about, reason with, recite, review,
fastidious, impartial, judgmatic, keen, knowing, meticulous, speak of, speak on, take into account, take up in conference,
perceptive, perspicacious, rational, reasonable, sagacious, talk about, talk it over, talk of, talk out, talk over, talk together
sapient, selective, sober, sound, thoughtful, unbiased, well- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: confidential information, privileged
advised, wise information

DISCRIMINATION (Bigotry), noun bias, blind zeal, DISCUSSION, noun analysis, argument, banter, briefing,
class prejudice, favoritism, illiberality, intolerance, opinion- colloquy, confab, confabulation, conference, consideration,
ativeness, preference, prejudice, race hatred, race preju- consultation, contention, controversy, debate, deliberation,
dice, racialism, racism, unfairness, want of forbearance dialogue, discourse, dispute, dissection of issues, examina-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: blacklist, civil rights act, compelling tion, exchange, excursus, forum, huddle, meeting, palaver,
state interest, discrimination based on sex, discrimination in parley, prattle, reception, review, roundtable, scrutiny, ses-
hiring and tenure, due process clause, equal protection, sion, symposium, talk, update, ventilation of issues

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ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: conferencing a case, entering into DISENDOW, verb confiscate, cut off, denude, deprive,
settlement negotiations dethrone, discrown, disentitle, disinherit, disown, dispos-
sess, divest, expropriate, strip, uncrown, unsaddle, unseat,
DISDAIN, noun abhorrence, abjuration, abnegation, wrest from
act of despising, act of discrediting, act of loathing, act of
scorning, act of shunning, act of spurning, act of taunting, DISENGAGE, verb avocare, become detached, break the
airs, arrogance, contempt, contemptio, contemptuous- connection with, cut loose, cut off, decontrol, deliver, de-
ness, contumeliousness, declination, denial, derision, tach, disconnect, disembroil, disencumber, disentangle, dis-
detestation, detraction, disapprobation, disapproval, dis- enthrall, disjoin, dislodge, dispart, displant, dissever, dissoci-
avowal, disclamation, discountenancing, disesteem, dis- ate, disunite, divorce, draw off, emancipate, expedire,
favor, dislike, disownment, disregard, disrespect, fastid- extricate, free, free from engagement, free from pledge, free
ium, haughtiness, haughty contempt, haughty from vow, let out, liberare, liberate, liberate from connection,
indifference, hauteur, icy aloofness, indignant aversion, lift controls, loose, make free, manumit, part, release, release
insolence, nonacceptance, nonrecognition, opprobrium, from attachment, relieve of obligation, separate, set at lib-
proud contempt, rebuff, rejection, renunciation, reproba- erty, set free, sever, solvere, sunder, unattach, unbar, unbind,
tion, repudiation, repulse, repulsion, revilement, scoff, unbolt, unbuckle, unchain, unclasp, undo, unfasten, unfetter,
scorn, scornfulness, scorning, sneer, spurning, supercil- unfix, unglue, unhamper, unhitch, unhook, unknot, unlace,
iousness, supreme contempt, unutterable contempt, unlatch, unlock, unloose, unpin, unravel, unscrew, un-
utter contempt shackle, unsnap, unstick, unstrap, untie, withdraw

DISDAIN, verb abhor, aspernari, avoid, be contemptu- DISENTANGLE, verb arrange, clear, detach, disburden,
ous of, belittle, brush aside, care nothing for, consider be- disconnect, disembroil, disencumber, disengage, disinvolve,
neath notice, consider beneath oneself, consider unworthy disjoin, ease, expedire, explicare, exsolvere, extricate, free,
of regard, contemn, decline, decry, deem unbecoming, liberate, loosen, methodize, organize, release, relieve, relieve
deem unsuitable, deride, despicere, despise, detest, dis- of complication, separate, set free, straighten out, unfasten,
avow, discard, disclaim, disesteem, disown, disparage, unfetter, unhamper, unknot, unloose, unravel, untie, untwist
disregard, esteem of no account, esteem of small account,
fastidire, feel contempt for, feel utter contempt for, flout, DISENTHRALL, verb bail out, deliver, deliver from
gibe, have no use for, hold cheap, hold in contempt, ig- bondage, discharge, disengage, emancipate, enfranchise,
nore, jeer, laugh at, loathe, look down on, look with scorn extricate, free, free from bondage, free from thralldom,
on, misprize, mock, not accept, not consider, not respect, give liberty to, let go, let loose, let out, let out of prison,
pass by, pass over, rebuff, recoil from with pride, regard liberate, liberate from oppression, loosen, make free,
with proud contempt, reject, renounce, repudiate, repulse, manumit, redeem, release, release from bondage, release
ridicule, scoff, scorn, shun, slight, sneer at, snub, spernere, from restraint, render free, rescue, rescue from imprison-
spurn, think nothing of, think unworthy of notice, treat with ment, rescue from oppression, rescue from slavery, set at
contempt, turn one’s back upon, turn to scorn, view with a large, set at liberty, set free, turn loose, unbar, unbind, un-
scornful eye chain, unfetter, unlock, unmanacle, unshackle, untie
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: Emancipation Proclamation
DISDAINFUL, adjective aloof, arrogant, audacious,
bumptious, cavalier, cold, condescending, contemptuous, DISFAVOR, verb avoid, be loath, deny respect, de-
contumelious, cynical, deprecating, derisive, despising, spise, disaffect, disapprove, discountenance, discredit,
disapproving, discourteous, disrespectful, distant, fastidio- disdain, dishonor, dislike, disregard, disrespect, frown on,
sus, filled with pride, flouting, full of contempt, haughty, have no regard for, have no respect for, have no use for,
high, icy, imperious, indifferent, indignant, insolent, insult- hold cheap, invidia, look askance at, look down on, mis-
ing, intolerant, jeering, lordly, mocking, overbearing, over- prize, not care for, not like, not respect, object to, offensa,
weening, proud, ridiculing, rude, sardonic, scornful, sneer- rebuff, regard unfavorably, reject, repel, repulse, turn
ing, snobbish, snobby, snooty, supercilious, superior, away, turn from, view with disfavor
unapproachable, uncivil, unmannerly, unsociable
DISFRANCHISE, verb deprive, forfeit, illegalize, limit,
DISEASE, noun affliction, ailment, attack, bodily devia- make illegitimate, outlaw, prohibit, restrict
tion from health, bout of sickness, breakdown, chronic dis-
ability, collapse, condition, contagion, defect, deterioration, DISGRACE, noun abasement, abjectness, abomination,
disability, discomfort, disorder, distemper, epidemic, handi- attaint, bad character, bad name, bad report, bad reputation,
cap, ill health, illness, indisposition, infection, infirmity, bad repute, badge of infamy, baseness, blemish, blot, brand,
insalubrity, invalidism, loss of health, malady, morbus, physi- cause of reproach, cause of shame, comedown, condition of
cal derangement, plague, scourge, sickness, taint, unhealthi- infamy, contempt, debasement, defame, defilement, defla-
ness, unsoundness, unwholesome condition, virus, weakness tion, degradation, derogation, detestation, deviation from
rectitude, disapprobation, disapproval, discredit, dises-
DISENCUMBER, verb alleviate, cast off, clear, clear teem, disfavor, dishonor, disparagement, disreputability,
away, deliver from a hindrance, disburden, disembroil, dis- disrepute, disrespect, embarrassment, exclusion from
engage, disentail, disentangle, disjoin, ease, ease the bur- favor, humbled pride, humbling, humiliation, ignominia,
den, emancipate, exonerate, extract, extricate, free, free ignominy, ill favor, ill repute, imputation, indignity, infa-
from encumbrance, liberate, lighten the labor, loose, loosen, mia, infamy, ingloriousness, loss of honor, loss of reputa-
release, relieve, remove, remove a hindrance, remove a tion, mortification, notoriety, obloquy, odium, opprobrium,
restraint, remove an impediment, rescue, save from, set at reproach, scandal, sense of shame, setdown, shame,
large, set free, unbar, unbind, unburden, unchain, unclog, shamefacedness, shameful notoriety, slur, smear, smirch,
unfasten, unfetter, unhamper, unharness, unload, unlock, stain, stigma, taint, tarnish, tarnished honor, turpitudo
unloose, unshackle, untie, untrammel, unyoke ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: character evidence, reputation

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DISGRACE, verb abase, abash, affect dishonorably, at- delusive, delusory, designing, destitute of good faith, des-
taint, be a reproach to, be unable to respect, besmear, titute of integrity, devoid of truth, discreditable, dishonor-
blacken, blot, brand, bring down, bring into discredit, bring able, disingenuous, disposed to cheat, disreputable, dou-
reproach upon, bring shame upon, cast a slur upon, cast ble-dealing, faithless, fake, faked, fallacious, false,
dishonor upon, cast reproach upon, corrupt, debase, de- false-hearted, falsified, feigned, fraudulent, fraudulentus,
bunk, dedecorare, dedecori esse, defile, deflate, defrock, de- guileful, hypocritical, immoral, improbus, iniquitous, insidi-
grade, dehonestare, demean, demoralize, deny respect, de- ous, insincere, lying, malus, meretricious, misleading, ne-
press, deride, derogate, diminish, disbar, discredit, dishonor, farious, not honest, not true, perfidious, perjured, schem-
dismiss from favor, disrespect, downgrade, embarrass, fling ing, shameless, shifty, spurious, surreptitious, treacherous,
dishonor upon, have no respect for, hold up to shame, hu- truthless, unauthentic, undependable, underhanded, un-
miliate, impute shame to, involve in shame, lower, make ethical, unfaithful, ungenuine, unprincipled, unreal, unreli-
unclean, mock, mortify, pillory, pollute, reflect discredit able, unscrupulous, untrue, untrustworthy, untruthful, un-
upon, reflect dishonor upon, reflect shame upon, ridicule, veracious, unvirtuous, void of truth, wanting in probity,
scandalize, shame, slur, smirch, soil, stain, stigmatize, sully, without probity, without truth
taint, tarnish, throw dishonor upon, treat with disfavor ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: dishonest act, dishonest practice,
fraudulent or dishonest acts
DISGRACEFUL, adjective abominable, atrocious, base,
beneath one’s dignity, blameworthy, censurable, compro- DISHONESTY, noun bad faith, cheating, chicane, chica-
mising, contemptible, damaging, deflated, degrading, de- nery, corruption, corruptness, cozenage, deceit, deceitful-
meaning, demoralizing, deplorable, derogatory, deserving ness, deception, deviation from probity, dishonor, disin-
reproach, despicable, detestable, discreditable, dishonest, genuousness, disposition to deceive, disposition to defraud,
dishonorable, disreputable, flagitiosus, flagitious, flagrant, disposition to lie, duplicity, faithlessness, false swearing,
foul, heinous, horrible, humiliating, humiliative, ignoble, falseheartedness, falsehood, falseness, falsification, falsity,
ignominious, improper, indecent, infamous, inglorious, in- fraudulence, fraudulency, fraus, furtiveness, improbitas,
honestus, iniquitous, odious, opprobrious, outrageous, improbity, infidelity, insincerity, inveracity, knavery, knav-
peccant, probrosus, recreant, reprobate, scandalous, ishness, lack of conscience, lack of honesty, lack of integ-
shameful, shocking, sinful, tarnished, turpis, unseemly, un- rity, lack of principle, lack of probity, lying, mendacious-
worthy, vile, worthy of contempt ness, mendacity, perfidiousness, perfidy, perjury,
prevarication, surreptitiousness, thievishness, treacherous-
DISGUISE, noun artifice, camouflage, caricature, cloak, ness, trickiness, truthlessness, undependability, underhand
concealment, counterfeit, cover, covering, deception, de- dealing, underhandedness, unreliability, unscrupulousness,
ceptive covering, dissimulation, facade, faking, false ap- unstraightforwardness, untrustworthiness, untruth, untruth-
pearance, false colors, false copy, false front, guise, hiding, fulness, violation of trust, want of integrity, wiliness
imitation, mask, masquerade, pose, posture, pretense, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: criminal acts, dishonest acts, fraudu-lent
pretension, pretext, representation, screen, semblance, acts
sham, shield, simulacrum, simulatio, simulation, smoke
screen, veneer, vestis mutata DISHONOR (Nonpayment), noun breach of faith,
breach of promise, declination, default, delinquency, disre-
DISGUISE, verb alter the appearance of, becloud, belie, gard, failure, improbity, inability to pay, inattention, inob-
bemask, camouflage, change the appearance of, change the servance, insolvency, nonacceptance, nonadherence, non-
face of, change the guise of, cloak, conceal, counterfeit, completion, noncompliance, nonfeasance, nonfulfillment,
cover, curtain, deceive, dissemble, dissimulate, distort, nonobservance, nonpayment at maturity, omission, refusal
dress to conceal, dress up, fake, falsify, feign, give a false to accept, refusal to pay, rejection, repudiation of payment
coloring, give color to, hide, hide one’s identity, make un- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: dishonor of checks, dishonor of nego-
recognizable, mask, masquerade, misrepresent, muffle, tiated instruments, notice of dishonor
obscure, occultare, pass off for, put a false appearance upon,
rem dissimulare, screen, shield, shroud, simulate, veil DISHONOR (Shame), noun abasement, abjection, ab-
jectness, aspersion, attaint, bad character, bad favor, bad
DISGUSTING, adjective abhorrent, abominable, ap- name, bad reputation, bad repute, badge of infamy, base-
palling, atrocious, awful, barbarous, contemptible, despi- ness, blemish, blot, brand, calumny, contempt, contumely,
cable, detestable, distasteful, disturbing, dreadful, foul, ful- debasement, decrial, defamation, defilement, degradation,
some, ghastly, grisly, gross, heinous, hideous, horrendous, depravity, derogation, detraction, deviation from rectitude,
horrible, horrid, horrific, loathsome, miserable, nasty, night- disapprobation, discredit, disesteem, disfavor, disgrace,
marish, noisome, noxious, obnoxious, obscene, odious, disparagement, disreputability, disrepute, disrespect, hu-
offensive, rancid, repellent, repugnant, repulsive, revolting, miliation, ignobility, ignominia, ignominy, ill fame, ill favor,
sick, sickening, terrible, ugly, undesirable, unsavory, un- illrepute, improbity, imputation, indignity, infamia, infamy,
speakable, unwholesome, upsetting, vile ingloriousness, lack of conscience, lack of honor, lack of
principle, lack of probity, loss of reputation, low estimation,
DISHARMONY, noun animosity, antagonism, argu- mockery, no repute, no standing, notoriety, obloquy, op-
ment, bickering, brawl, clash, conflict, contention, contest, probrium, outrage, public disgrace, reproach, ridicule,
controversy, disaccord, disagreement, discord, discor- scandal, scorn, shamefulness, slur, smear, stain, stigma,
dance, dissension, dissent, dissidence, dissonance, dis- taint, tarnish, tarnished honor, traducement, turpitude, tur-
union, division, friction, incompatibility, incongruity, in- pitudo, vileness, vilification, wickedness
fighting, inharmoniousness, schism, strife
DISHONOR (Deprive of honor), verb abase, asperse,
DISHONEST, adjective beguiling, bogus, cheating, attaint, besmear, besmirch, blot, brand, bring into discredit,
conniving, conscienceless, contrary to fact, corrupt, corrupt- bring shame upon, cast a slur on, cast aspersions, cast re-
ible, counterfeit, cunning, deceitful, deceiving, deceptive, proach upon, contemn, debase, debauch, dedecorare,

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defame, defile, deflower, degrade, dehonestare, denigrate, DISINTER, verb bare, bring from obscurity into view,
denounce, deride, desecrate, despise, discredit, disgrace, bring out, deracinate, detect, dig out, dig up, dig up out
disparage, expose, malign, pillory, reflect discredit upon, of the earth, discover, disentomb, disinhume, display,
reproach, slur, smear, smirch, speak ill of, stain, stigmatize, draw forth, draw out, educe, effodere, elicit, evince,
stuprare, taint, tarnish, vilify evoke, evulse, excavate, exhibit, exhume, expose, ex-
pose to view, extract, extricate, ferret out, find, find out,
DISHONOR (Refuse to pay), verb decline to pay, de- lay open, make known, manifest, present to view, pull
cline to redeem, disallow payment, disregard, evade, not out, pull up, remove, resurrect, reveal, root out, root up,
observe, not pay, refuse payment, refuse to honor, repudi- show, take out of the place of interment, turn up, unbury,
ate, stop payment, withhold payment uncover, unearth, unroot, unsepulcher, untomb, unveil,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: dishonor a check, notice of dishonor withdraw

DISHONORABLE, adjective abhorrent, abominable, DISINTEREST (Lack of interest), noun aloofness, apathy,
bad, base, blameworthy, censurable, contemptible, cor- boredom, callousness, carelessness, coolness, detachment,
rupt, cruel, currish, debased, degenerate, despicable, de- disdain, disinterestedness, disregard, heedlessness, inap-
testable, discreditable, disgraceful, disreputable, disre- petance, inappetancy, inattention, inattentiveness, incon-
spectful, execrable, ignominious, immoral, infamous, sideration, incuriosity, incuriousness, indifference, insensi-
inglorious, iniquitous, loose, louche, low, low-down, ne- tivity, insouciance, lack of attention, lack of concern,
farious, offensive, opprobrious, paltry, perverted, repre- langour, languidness, laxity, listlessness, mindlessness, ne-
hensible, reprobate, seamy, shady, shameful, snide, sor- glect, neglectfulness, negligence, nonchalance, nonin-
did, unsavory, unscrupulous, unworthy, vile, villainous, volvement, obliviousness, perfunctoriness, phlegm, poco-
wicked miscreant, wretched curantism, spiritlessness, supineness, tepidity,
thoughtlessness, unconcern, unmindfulness, unsolicitous-
DISINCENTIVE, noun averseness, check, constraint, curb, ness, want of attention, want of interest
damper, determent, deterrence, deterrent, discouragement,
disinclination, dissuasion, hindrance, indisposition, lack of DISINTEREST (Lack of prejudice), noun broadminded-
allurement, lack of charm, lack of desire, lack of enticement, ness, candor, catholicity, detachment, dispassion, dispas-
lack of impetus, lack of incentive, lack of inducement, lack of sionateness, equitableness, equity, evenhandedness, fair
motivation, lack of stimulus, lack of temptation, reluctance, play, fair treatment, fairness, freedom from bias, freedom
restraint, unprovocativeness, unwillingness from prejudice, freedom from self-interest, impartiality,
impartialness, impersonality, indiscrimination, justice,
DISINCLINED, adjective adverse, against, antagonistic, justness, liberality, neutrality, noninvolvement, nonparti-
antipathetic, antipathetical, averse, aversus, balking, con- sanship, objectivity, open-mindedness, tolerance, tolera-
trary, counter, demurring, disaffected, dissenting, dissi- tion, unbiasedness, unprejudice, unselfishness, unslant-
dent, faltering, grudging, hesitant, indisposed, laggard, edness
loath, noncooperating, not in the mood, opposed, qualm- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: disinterested judge, disinterested
ish, recalcitrant, refusing, reluctant, restive, shirking, party, disinterested persons, disinterested witness, without
shrinking from, slow to, squeamish, unaccommodating, pecuniary interest
unconsenting, uncooperative, unenthusiastic, uninclined,
unpersuadable, unpersuaded, unreconciled, unwilling, DISINVOLVE, verb clear, disconnect, disembarrass,
unzealous disentangle, disjoin, extricate, loosen, separate, unbind,
unfold, unknot, unravel, unscramble, untangle, untie
DISINGENUOUS, adjective artful, artificial, con-
scienceless, counterfeit, crafty, cunning, deceitful, deceiv- DISJOIN, verb break, cut, cut off, demobilize, depart,
ing, deceptive, delusive, delusory, designing, devious, detach, dichotomize, disband, disconnect, discontinue,
dishonest, dodging, evasive, false, false-hearted, feigned, disembody, disencumber, disengage, disentangle, disjoint,
fraudulent, hypocritical, insidious, insincere, lacking frank- dislocate, dismember, dispart, dissect, dissociate, disunite,
ness, lying, mendacious, misdealing, misleading, parum divide, divorce, excise, extricate, free, insulate, interrupt,
candidus, perfidious, prevaricating, scheming, shifty, sly, isolate, keep apart, loosen, luxate, part, partition, quarter,
spurious, surreptitious, tricky, truthless, uncandid, under- remove, rend, rive, rupture, segregate, separate, sever,
handed, unethical, ungenuine, unprincipled, unscrupulous, split, subdivide, uncouple, unhitch, unplug
unstraightforward, untrustworthy, untruthful, wanting in
candor, wily, without truth DISJOINT, adjective apart, detached, disassembled,
disassociated, disconnected, disengaged, disjunct, dis-
DISINHERIT, verb abandon, abrogate, annul, cast out, mantled, displaced, dissected, disunited, divaricated, di-
cut off, cut off from inheritance, cut out of one’s will, de- vided, far between, in two, isolated, removed, rent, riven,
prive, deprive of hereditary succession, disaffirm, discard, sectioned, separate, separated, severed, split, subdivided,
disclaim, disendow, disentitle, disherit, disown, dispossess sundered, unassociated, unattached, unconnected, un-
of hereditary right, divest, exclude from inheritance, ex- hinged, unjoined, unloosened
heredare, forfeit, forsake, nullify, oust, quash, recall, recant,
renounce, replace, repudiate, rescind, retract, revoke, su- DISJOINT, verb break apart, break up, carve, cleave,
persede, take away from, turn out, withdraw, withhold cut up, detach, disarticulate, disassemble, disassociate,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: disinherit a husband, disinherit a wife, disband, disconnect, disengage, disjoin, dislocate, dis-
disinherit an adopted child, disinherit pretermitted children mantle, dismember, dispart, displace, dissect, dissever,
dissociate, disunite, divaricate, divide, divorce, luxate, part,
DISINTEGRATE, verb break up, crumble, decay, de- quarter, rend, rive, section, segment, separate, sever, split,
compose, diffuse, disband, disperse, dissolve, disunite, fall subdivide, sunder, take apart, tear apart, uncouple, unfas-
to pieces, fragment, shatter, split up ten, unhinge, unjoint, unloosen

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DISJOINTED, adjective aimless, confused, deranged, disaffected, disobedient, double-crossing, faithless, false,
desultory, disarranged, disassociated, discerpted, discor- faltering, fickle, inconstant, irresolute, irresponsible, mis-
dant, disjunctive, disordered, disorderly, disorganized, er- leading, perfidious, recreant, seditious, snaky, subversive,
ratic, in disarray, in disorder, incoherent, incompositus, in- traitorous, treacherous, treasonable untrue, trustless, uncer-
congruent, incongruous, indiscriminate, interrupted, tain, undependable, unfaithful, unreliable, unscrupulous,
jumbled, lacking order, nonuniform, orderless, out of order, untrue, untrustworthy, venal
spasmodic, unclassified, uncohesive, unsorted, unsucces-
sive, unsystematic DISLOYALTY, noun apostasy, barratry, betrayal, betrayal
of trust, breach, breach of faith, breach of promise, breach of
DISJUNCTIVE (Alternative), adjective alternate, discre- trust, broken promise, contumacy, defection, dereliction of
tional, discretionary, elective, equivalent, having the privilege allegiance, desertion, disobedience, faithlessness, falseness,
to choose, interchangeable, noncompulsory, nonobligatory, falsity, fickleness, improbity, inconstancy, infidelitas, infidel-
not compulsory, open to choice, optional, selective, subject ity, insincerity, insubordination, insurgency, insurrection, lack
to preference, substitute, substitutional, substitutive of fidelity, lack of loyalty, malfeasance, mutineering, muti-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: disjunctive allegations, disjunctive nousness, mutiny, perfidiousness, perfidy, rebellion, recre-
covenants, disjunctive relief, disjunctive words of a statute ancy, revolt, sabotage, sedition, seditiousness, subversion,
subversive activity, traitoriousness, treachery, treason, trea-
DISJUNCTIVE (Tending to disjoin), adjective broken, sonable activities, unfaithfulness, unsteadfastness, venality,
desultory, detached, disarticulated, disconnected, discrete, violation of allegiance, violation of trust, want of loyalty
disjoined, disjoint, disjointed, dismembered, distinct, dis-
united, divided, divorced, erratic, fitful, inconsistent, indi- DISMAL, adjective black, bleak, cheerless, cloudy, com-
vidual, insular, intermittent, intermitting, interrupted, ir- fortless, dark, deplorable, depressing, despairing, despon-
regular, isolated, loose, noncontinuous, not cohesive, not dent, dim, dingy, dire, disagreeable, disconsolate, dreary,
integrated, parted, partitioned, periodic, punctuated, sepa- dull, dusky, flat, foggy, gloomy, gray, joyless, lamentable,
rate, severed, spasmodic, successive, suspended, unan- lifeless, lowering, lugubrious, obscure, overcast, pessimistic,
nexed, unassociated, unconnected, unjoined, unsuccessive sad, saturnine, shadowy, solemn, somber, sombrous, te-
dious, umbrageous, uncomfortable, unconsoling, unhappy,
DISLIKE, noun abhorrence, abomination, animosity, unilluminated, uninviting, unpleasant, unrelieved
animus, antagonism, antipathy, aversion, contempt, detes-
tation, disaffection, disapprobation, disapproval, discom- DISMANTLE, verb annihilate, break down, break up,
fort, disdain, disfavor, disgust, disinclination, disparage- crush, decimate, demolish, demount, denude, destroy,
ment, displeasure, dissatisfaction, distaste, enmity, hatred, detach, disaggregate, disconnect, disjoin, disjoint, dis-
hostility, ill will, incompatibility, inimicality, intolerance, member, dissemble, dissever, disunite, divide, extinguish,
loathing, malevolence, malice, objection, odium, prejudice, knock down, raze, ruin, separate, strike, strip, take apart,
rancor, rejection, reluctance, renitence, repugnance, repul- take down, undo
sion, revulsion, umbrage, unfriendliness, unwillingness
DISMAY, noun affright, agitation, alarm, anxiety, ap-
DISLIKE, verb abhor, abominate, antipathize, con- prehension, chagrin, consternation, discomfort, discompo-
demn, deprecate, detest, disapprove, discountenance, sure, discouragement, disheartenment, disquiet, doubt,
disesteem, disfavor, disrelish, distaste, execrate, loathe, dread, fret, inquietude, intimidation, misgiving, mistrust,
mind, not care for, not like, object to, resent, scorn perturbation, pique, qualm, scare, shock, trepidation, un-
easiness, worry
DISLOCATE, verb agitate, cast out, complicate, con-
found, confuse, derail, derange, disarrange, disconnect, DISMAY, verb abash, aggravate, agitate, alarm, appall,
disjoin, disjoint, dislodge, disorder, disorganize, disorient, bewilder, bother, confound, daunt, deter, discomfort, dis-
displace, disturb, disunite, eject, evacuate, evict, expel, compose, disconcert, discourage, disquiet, disturb, embar-
luxate, mislay, misplace, move, oust, remove, scatter, rass, harrow, horrify, intimidate, panic, perturb, startle, take
throw into confusion, throw out of joint, throw out of order, aback, unnerve
unseat, unsettle, upset
DISMISS (Discharge), verb cashier, cast out, demobilize,
DISLOCATION, noun change, derangement, disarticu- depose, deprive of force, disemploy, dispatch, dispense with,
lation, disjunction, disorder, disorganization, displacement, displace, dispossess, eject, expel, fire, lay off, oust, purge,
disruption, disturbance, inconvenience, nonlocation, un- release, remove, remove from office, send away, send off,
settledness, unsettlement, upheaval set free, suspend, turn away, turn out, unseat, vacate
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: dismiss a cause of action, dismissal
DISLODGE, verb banish, carry off, cart away, cashier, because of laches, dismissed for cause, dismissed with
cast out, deicere, delocalize, demote, depellere, deport, de- prejudice, dismissed without prejudice, motion to dismiss,
pose, deracinate, dethrone, detrude, disbar, discharge, dis- motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim, motion to
employ, disenthrone, disestablish, dislocate, dismiss, dis- dismiss for lack of jurisdiction, nonsuit
place, displant, dispossess, disturb, divest of office, eject,
eliminate, evacuate, evict, exclude, exile, expatriate, expel, DISMISS (Put out of consideration), verb brush aside,
expellere, expropriate, extract, force out, lay off, oust, over- decline, deny, disallow, disavow, discountenance, disre-
throw, push out, put out, relegate, remove, retire, rid, send gard, ignore, lay aside, not hear of, pass over, pay no re-
away, supersede, supplant, take away, throw away, throw gard to, put out of mind, refuse, reject, rule out, set aside,
out, thrust out, turn out, unload, unseat, uproot, usurp take no notice, think no more of

DISLOYAL, adjective anarchistic, apostate, canting, DISMISS CHARGES, verb absolve, acquit, clear, dis-
cheating, corrupt, crooked, deceitful, deceptive, defiant, charge, exculpate, exonerate, forgive, grant amnesty to,

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palliate, pardon, prove innocent, release, reprieve, resti- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS:disobedience, disobedience to a law-
tute, vindicate ful mandate of the court, failure to comply, willful disobe-
dience
DISMISSAL (Discharge), noun cashiering, deposition,
dimissio, discharge from employment, disemployment, DISOBLIGE, verb act contrary, affront, antagonize, balk,
dislodgment, displacement, ejection, elimination, exclu- be unaccommodating, be unwilling, cause displeasure,
sion, expulsion, firing, layoff, ouster, release from employ- debase, decline, degrade, demur, denigrate, denounce,
ment, removal from a job, removal from a position, re- deprecate, disaccommodate, discommode, disdain, dis-
moval from office, severance honor, disparage, disregard, fail to accommodate, fail to
comply with, give offense to, ignore, incommode, incur
DISMISSAL (Termination of a proceeding), noun annul- disapproval, insult, malign, maltreat, neglect to obey, not
ment, cancellation, conclusion of a proceeding, conclusion accept, not comply with, not obey, offend, offendere, put
of an action, discontinuance, disposal, ending of a proceed- out, rebuff, refuse, refuse to oblige, reject, repel, repudiate,
ing, ending of an action, invalidation, nonsuit, quashing, scorn, shrink, slight, spite, spurn, traduce, treat with indig-
rejection, removal of a cause out of court, termination of an nity, turn down, vilipend, withhold consent
action
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: dismissal for cause, dismissal for failure DISORDER (Abnormal condition), noun affliction, ail-
to prosecute, dismissal for want of jurisdiction, dismissal for ment, complaint, condition, disability, disease, distemper,
want of substantial federal question, dismissal of a cause for handicap, illness, indisposition, infirmity, malady, malfunc-
want of prosecution, dismissal of a charge, dismissal of an tion, sickness
action with prejudice, dismissal of an appeal, dismissal of
an employee, dismissal of proceedings, dismissal on the DISORDER (Lack of order), noun anarchism, anarchy,
merits, dismissal without prejudice breach of peace, chaos, commotion, confusion, derange-
ment, disarrangement, disarray, discomposure, dishar-
DISMISSED, adjective acquitted, clear, discarded, dis- mony, dishevelment, disorderly conduct, disorganization,
charged, dispensed, exculpated, forgiven, free, obsolete, disturbance, fracas, irregularity, lack of regular order, law-
pardoned, rejected, released, vindicated lessness, muddle, pandemonium, racket, riot, slipshod-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: automatic dismissal, dismiss due to ness, tumult, tumultuousness, turbulence, turmoil, unrest,
improper venue, dismiss for failure to answer, dismiss for uproar
improper parties, dismiss for insufficient evidence, dismiss ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: breach of the peace, disorderly conduct
for want of jurisdiction, dismiss for want of prosecution,
dismissal with prejudice, dismissed case, dismissed case DISORDERED, adjective aberrant, abnormal, agi-
due to delay, dismissed charges, failure to prosecute, tated, amiss, anarchical, anomalous, askew, atypical,
harmless error, involuntary dismissal, irregularities, judg- awry, bedraggled, bemuddled, capricious, changeable,
ment of dismissal, voluntary dismissal changeful, chaotic, confused, deviating, disarranged, dis-
composed, discontinuous, disheveled, disjunct, dislo-
DISOBEDIENT, adjective apostatizing, arbitrary, cated, disorganized, divergent, diverse, entangled, het-
averse, contrary, contumacious, culpable, defiant, delin- erogeneous, illogical, immethodical, impetuous, in chaos,
quent, derelict, disloyal, disorderly, disregarding, disre- in disarray, in hysterics, incoherent, inconsistent, incon-
spectful, fractious, froward, headstrong, hostile, ill-be- trollable, inverted, involved, jumbled, lawless, messy,
haved, incorrigible, indisposed, insubordinate, insurgent, nonuniform, not belonging, orderless, out of order, out of
insurrectional, intractable, irascible, irresponsible, lawbreak- place, patternless, random, raveled, shapeless, tangled,
ing, lawless, licentious, loath, misbehaving, mutinous, ne- tumultuary, tumultuous, turbulent, twisted, unarranged,
glectful, negligent, non obsequi, noncompliant, obdurate, unassembled, unclassified, uncoordinated, undisciplined,
objecting, obstinate, obstreperous, opposed, opposing, uneven, unkempt, unmanageable, unmethodical, unorga-
perfidious, perverse, rebellious, recalcitrant, recusant, re- nized, unpatterned, unruly, unsystematic, untidy, without
fractory, reluctant, remiss, renitent, resistant, resistive, res- method
tive, riotous, stubborn, traitorous, transgressive, treasonous,
trespassing, truant, uncompliant, uncomplying, unconsent- DISORDERLY, adjective aberrant, aggressive, agitated,
ing, uncooperative, undependable, undisciplined, undutiful, anarchic, anarchical, anarchistic, barbaric, barbarous, belli-
unfaithful, ungovernable, unmanageable, unmindful, unreli- cose, blustering, blustery, boisterous, brutal, careless, churl-
able, unruly, unsubmissive, unwilling, unyielding, violating, ish, confused, contumacious, defiant, deranged, destructive,
violative, wayward, wild, willful disagreeable, disarranged, discomposed, discontinuous,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: disobedience to lawful mandate of discourteous, disgraceful, disheveled, disjointed, disobedi-
court, lawful disobedience, willful disobedience ent, disorganized, dissolute, disturbed, explosive, fitful,
fluctuating, froward, heinous, ill-mannered, immethodical,
DISOBEY, verb act illegally, arise, be derelict, be dis- immoderate, impolite, improper, incendiary, incorrigible,
loyal, be insubordinate, be mutinous, be negligent, be indecorous, inflammatory, insolent, insurrectionary, intem-
perfidious, be recalcitrant, be recusant, be treasonous, be perate, irregular, lawbreaking, lawless, licentious, loud,
undisciplined, be unruly, betray, break a law, break a rule, mannerless, misbehaved, misbehaving, mutinous, nihilistic,
break the law, commit a crime, contravene, cross, defy, nonobservant, obstreperous, orderless, out of order, outra-
deviate, disregard, fail to comply, go counter to, ignore, geous, quarrelsome, rackety, raging, rampant, random, re-
infringe, insurrect, misbehave, mutiny, negate, neglect, bellious, recalcitrant, refractory, resisting, restive, revolu-
not comply, not cooperate, not heed, not listen, not tionary, riotous, rough, rowdy, rude, ruffianly, savage,
mind, not obey, oppose, pay no attention to, rebel, recal- scampish, scandalous, slovenly, stormy, strong, tangled,
citrate, refuse, refuse to obey, reject, repudiate, resist, re- tempestuous, tumultuary, tumultuous, turbulent, unauthor-
volt, revolutionize, rise, shirk, transgress, traverse, tres- ized, unbridled, uncivil, uncivilized, uncommendable,
pass, violate uncontrolled, uncourtly, uncurbed, undisciplined, uneven,

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ungenteel, ungentle, ungentlemanlike, ungentlemanly, un- dishonor, disregard, disrespect, downgrade, elevare, ex-
governed, unladylike, unmanageable, unmannered, unman- tenuare, find fault with, frown upon, gibe, humiliate, imitate
nerly, unmethodical, unmitigated, unquelled, unregulated, insultingly, insult, jeer, lampoon, laugh at, look down on,
unrepressed, unruly, unseemly, unsettled, unsteady, unsub- lower the estimation of, make fun of, make light of, make
missive, unsystematic, untidy, untrained, uprisen, uproari- sport of, malign, minimize, misprize, mock, play down,
ous, violent, warlike, wayward, wild reflect poorly upon, ridicule, run down, scoff, scorn, shame,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: breach of the peace, disorderly con- slander, slight, slur, smear, sneer, speak ill of, stain, stigma-
duct, disorderly houses, disorderly persons, disturbance of tize, sully, taint, tarnish, taunt, think little of, traduce, under-
the public peace rate, undervalue, vilify, vilipend
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: disparage a name, disparage a product
DISORGANIZE, verb abolish the organization of, agi-
tate, bedevil, befog, befuddle, bewilder, bother, clutter, DISPARAGEMENT, noun accusation, act of berating, act
come to pieces, complicate, confound, confundere, con- of running down, admonishment, adverse criticism, asper-
fuse, daze, deactivate, decompose, deform, demobilize, sion, bad review, belittlement, belittling, blame, brand,
deprive of organization, derange, destroy the form of, de- castigation, complaint, condemnation, confutation, con-
teriorate, disarrange, disband, discompose, disconcert, di- tempt, criticism, damnation, decrial, denigration, dénigre-
shevel, disintegrate, disjoin, dismantle, disorder, disorien- ment, denouncement, denunciation, deprecation, deprecia-
tate, dispel, disperse, disrupt, dissipate, dissolve, distract, tion, derogation, destructive criticism, detraction,
disturb, embrangle, entangle, interrupt, invert, liquidate, disapprobation, disapproval, discontent, discourtesy, dises-
make havoc, misarrange, miscere, misplace, muddle, obfus- teem, disfavor, dishonor, disillusionment, dislike, displea-
cate, obscure, perplex, perturb, perturbare, play havoc sure, disrepute, disrespect, disrespectfulness, exception,
with, put out of order, ravel, render uncertain, revert, scat- faultfinding, hostile criticism, hypercriticism, impeachment,
ter, scramble, separate, tangle, tear up, throw into confu- impugnation, imputation, indignation, insinuation, invec-
sion, throw into disorder, throw out of order, tumble, twist, tive, irreverence, low estimation, low opinion, low valua-
unbalance, undo, unmake, unsettle, upset tion, mockery, muckraking, nonapproval, objection, objura-
tion, obloquy, obtrectatio, outcry, overcriticalness, poor
DISORIENT, verb abash, baffle, befuddle, bewilder, con- opinion, protest, rebuke, rejection, reprehension, repri-
found, dement, derange, disarrange, discompose, disconcert, mand, reproach, reprobation, reproof, revilement, ridicule,
dislocate, dislodge, disorder, disorganize, distract, disturb, rude reproach, rudeness, scant respect, scolding, scorn,
fluster, impair, invert, make havoc, misdirect, mislay, mislead, slighting language, stigma, tirade, uncomplimentary re-
misplace, muddle, mystify, nonplus, obfuscate, obscure, mark, vilification, vilipendency, vituperation, want of respect
overturn, perturb, render uncertain, ruffle, scramble, throw ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: disparagement of goods, disparage-
into confusion, throw into disorder, throw out of order, ment of property, disparagement of title
trouble, unbalance, unsettle, upset
DISPARAGING, adjective abusive, blameful, calumni-
DISOWN (Deny the validity), verb abjure, abnegate, ous, censorious, condemnatory, contemptuous, contumeli-
affirm the contrary, annul, call in question, challenge, con- ous, damnatory, defamatory, denunciatory, deprecative,
fute, contest, contradict, contravene, controvert, counter- derogatory, detractory, disrespectful, incriminatory, incul-
mand, demur, deny, deny absolutely, deny peremptorily, patory, injurious, invective, inveighing, libelous, maledic-
deny the possibility, deny wholly, disaffirm, disagree, disal- tory, objurgatory, pejorative, reproachful, reprobative, re-
low, disannul, disavow, disbelieve, disclaim, disprove, viling, scandalous, scurrile, scurrilous, slanderous,
disregard, dissent, forswear, hold no brief for, impugn, infi- unfavorable, vilifying, vituperative
tiari, invalidate, negate, negative, not accept, not admit, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: disparagement of goods, disparage-
not confirm, not maintain, nullify, object, oppose, overrule, ment of name, disparagement of products, libel, slander
protest, rebut, recant, refuse credence, refuse to accept,
refuse to admit, refuse to corroborate, refute, reject, render DISPARATE, adjective aberrant, atypical, clashing,
null and void, repudiare, repudiate, rescind, retract, reverse, conflicting, contradictory, contrasting, departing from, de-
revoke, set aside, set at nought, stand up to, take issue viating, different, differentiated, differing, digressive, dis-
with, traverse, undo, vacate, void agreeing, discordant, discrepant, disproportionate, dissimi-
lar, distinct, distinguished, divaricating, divergent,
DISOWN (Refuse to acknowledge), verb abandon, ab- essentially different, ill-matched, incommensurable, incon-
jure, alienate, cast away, cast off, cede, cut off, cut out of gruent, incongruous, inconsistent, inconsonant, indepen-
one’s will, deprive of hereditary succession, deprive of the dent, irreconcilable, irregular, nonuniform, not comparable,
right to inherit, disaffiliate, disallow, disclaim, disclaim the not the same, out of proportion, separate, unconformable,
responsibility for, disdain, disendow, disinherit, dispense unequal, uneven, unlike, unmatched, varied
with, dispossess, dispossess of hereditary right, dissociate ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: disparate award, disparate relief
oneself, divest, divorce, forsake, get rid of, give up, have
nothing to do with, infitiari, jettison, let go, not maintain, DISPARITY, noun argument, asymmetry, conflict of
oust, part with, rebuff, refuse to recognize, relinquish, re- opinion, contradiction, contradistinction, contraposition,
nounce, repudiare, repudiate, repulse, scorn, spurn contrast, controversy, deviation, difference, disaccord, dis-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: disown a child agreement, discord, discordance, discrepancy, disequilib-
rium, disharmony, dissimilitude, dissimilitudo, dissonance,
DISPARAGE, verb affront, asperse, be insolent, be disunity, divergence, diversity, failure to agree, imbalance,
rude, belittle, bemock, besmear, bespatter, blacken, blot, incommensurability, incompatibility, incongruence, incon-
bring reproach upon, calumniate, cavil, censure, cheapen, gruity, inequality, inharmoniousness, irreconcilability, irre-
condemn, contemn, criticize, debase, decry, defame, de- lation, lack of relation, lack of symmetry, nonagreement,
flate, degrade, denigrate, depreciate, deride, derogate, nonconformity, nonuniformity, unconformity, unlikeness,
detract, discount, discredit, disesteem, disfavor, disgrace, variance, variation

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DISPASSIONATE, adjective aloof, ascetic, blasé, calm, push, push through, put in motion, remit, rush, rush off,
calme, cold, cold-blooded, cold-hearted, collected, com- send, send away, send forth, send through the mail, set
posed, controlled, cool-headed, detached, disengaged, dis- going, ship, speed, speed along, speed on its way, trans-
interested, even-handed, even-tempered, fair, heartless, fer, transmit
immovable, impartial, impassive, impersonal, imperturbable, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: with all due dispatch
indifferent, inexcitable, inscrutable, neutral, nonchalant, ob-
jective, open-minded, passionless, peaceful, phlegmatic, DISPEL, verb banish, bestow, bestrew, break up, broad-
placatus, placidus, sangfroid, self-controlled, selfless, steady, cast, cast adrift, cast off, cast out, deal out, diffuse, discharge,
stoical, stolid, subdued, temperate, tolerant, tranquil, tran- discutere, disintegrate, dismiss, dispellere, disperse, disperse
quillus, unaffected, unbiased, uncorrupted, undemonstra- completely, disseminate, dissipare, dissipate, dissolve, do
tive, undisturbed, unemotional, unexcited, unfeeling, un- away with, drive away, drive away by scattering, drive off in
grudging, unimpassioned, unimpressible, unimpressionable, various directions, eject, expel, fling off, get rid of, loose,
uninfluenced, uninvolved, unirritable, unjealous, unmindful, push away, put into circulation, radiate, release, remove,
unnervous, unoffended, unpassionate, unperturbed, unprej- rout, scatter, send, send flying, send home, set abroach, set
udiced, unprepossessed, unresponsive, unruffled, unsenti- aside, set asunder, shake off, spread, strew, string out, throw
mental, unshaken, unstirred, unsusceptible, unswayed, un- away, throw off, turn adrift, utterly disperse
touchable, without nerves, without warmth ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: dispel an inference

DISPATCH (Act of putting to death), noun act of killing, DISPENSABLE, adjective disposable, excusable, ex-
act of slaying, assassination, bloodshed, death by violence, pendable, extraneous, futile, gratuitous, in excess, inconse-
deathblow, destruction, disposal, doing away with, execu- quential, ineffectual, minor, needless, negligible, nonessen-
tion, extermination, homicide, killing, liquidation, massa- tial, of no avail, otiose, pardonable, petty, redundant,
cre, murder replaceable, severable, sparable, spendable, superfluous,
supernumerary, unavailing, unessential, unimportant, un-
DISPATCH (Message), noun aviso, bulletin, circular, necessary, unrequired
communication, communiqué, correspondence, enlighten-
ment, epistle, epistula, information, instruction, letter, lit- DISPENSATION (Act of dispensing), noun accommoda-
terae, mail, missive, monition, news, note, notice, notifica- tion, administration, allocation, allotment, appointment,
tion, official correspondence, postal communication, apportionment, assignment, bestowal, bestowment, confer-
report, statement, stream of correspondence, telegram ment, conferral, dispersal, dispersion, disposal, disposition,
dissemination, distribution, division, fair sharing, imparta-
DISPATCH (Promptness), noun alacrity, briskness, bus- tion, impartment, issuance, partition, presentation, pre-
tle, celerity, dash, dépêche, diligence, excitation, expedious- sentment, provision, repartition, share, subvention, transfer
ness, expedition, expeditious performance, fast rate, fast-
ness, festinatio, feverish haste, flurry, haste, hastiness, DISPENSATION (Exception), noun absolution, acquies-
hurry, immediateness, impetuosity, inability to wait, instan- cence, allowance, amnesty, approval, authorization, carte
taneity, liveliness, lively pace, movement, nimbleness, blanche, certificate of exemption, clearance, congé, con-
precipitance, precipitancy, precipitation, precipitousness, sent, deliberate omission, escape clause, exception, excep-
promptitude, properatio, punctuality, punctualness, quick tion in favor of, exclusion, exculpation, excuse, exemption,
discharge, quick riddance, quickness, rapidity, readiness, exemption from law, exoneration, forgiveness, freedom,
rush, scramble, scurry, speed, speediness, speedy comple- grace, grant, immunity, indulgence, leave, liberty, license,
tion, speedy disposition, speedy transaction, spurt, sud- noninclusion, nonliability, nonresponsibility, omission, par-
denness, summariness, swift execution, swift rate, timeli- don, permission, permit, privilege, relaxation of law, re-
ness, urgency lease from obligation, sanction, special privilege, suffer-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: with all possible dispatch ance, tolerance, toleration, warrant
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: concession, franchise, special dis-
DISPATCH (Dispose of), verb accomplish, achieve, at- pensation
tain, bring about, bring off, bring to a conclusion, bring to
an end, bring to pass, carry out, carry through, carry to DISPENSE, verb administer, allocate, allot, appoint, ap-
completion, close, complete, conclude, conficere, consum- portion, appropriate, assign, bestow, bestow upon, confer,
mate, deal with definitely, do the deed, effect, effectuate, deal, deal to, detail, dimittere, dispense, disperse, dispose
execute, finish, fulfill, implement, make an end of, make of, disseminate, distribuere, distribute, divide in portions,
final disposition of, perficere, perform, realize, see through, do away with, do without, dole out, donate, give out,
set at rest, succeed, work out grant, hand out, issue, mete, parcel out, portion out, pro-
portionate, provide, ration, re carere, render, scatter, serve,
DISPATCH (Put to death), verb assassinate, bring down, share, tender
commit murder, coup de grâce, cut down, deal a death- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: dispense with
blow, deprive of life, destroy, dispose of, do away with,
end, end life, execute, exterminate, give the deathblow, DISPENSE WITH, verb abandon, abjure, abolish, ab-
hasten one’s end, interficere, interimere, kill, liquidate, stain, cede, censor, disavow, disclaim, dismiss, disown,
make away with, massacre, murder, put an end to, put dispose of, do without, except, exclude, excuse, exempt,
down, put out of the way, put to death, remove from life, extinguish, forbear, forgo, forswear, give up, jettison, not
slaughter, slay, take life, take one’s life away use, pass over, refrain, refuse, relinquish, renounce, sell off,
set aside, spare, waive, yield
DISPATCH (Send off), verb address, detail, direct, ex- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: dispense with the testimony
pedite, fling, forward, get under way, hasten, hasten on,
have conveyed, hurry, hurry along, hurry on, impart mo- DISPERSE (Disseminate), verb administer, allocate, ap-
tion, impel, mittere, mobilize, move on, post, propel, portion, assign, bestow in shares, bestrew, cast forth, cast

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off, circulate, consign, convey, deal, deal out, dispense, DISPOSE (Incline), verb affect, arrange, bend, bias,
dispose, distribute, divide, dole, dole out, give away, give decide, determine, incline, induce, influence, put, sway,
out among a number, issue, mete out, parcel out, partition, tend, verge
pass out, pay dividends, pay out, portion out, propagate, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: disposing mind and memory
scatter abroad, spread, spread abroad, spread out, strew
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: disperse public information DISPOSITION (Determination), noun adjustment, con-
clusion, decision, disposal, final settlement of a matter,
DISPERSE (Scatter), verb asunder, decentralize, depart, finding, order, pronouncement, putting in order, resolution,
diffuse, disband, disintegrate, disjoin, dispart, dispel, dis- settlement, solution
pellere, dispergere, dissipare, dissipate, dissolve, disunite, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: disposition of a case
divide, go different ways, go in different directions, go
separate ways, part, partition, rend, rive, scatter abroad, DISPOSITION (Final arrangement), noun adjustment,
separate, split up, spread widely administration, arrangement, array, conlocatio, control,
direction, dispensation, disposal, dispositio, distribution,
DISPERSION, noun allocation, decentralization, diffrac- grouping, management, marshaling, method, order, or-
tion, diffusion, disjunction, dispensation, dispersal, dis- dering, ordinatio, organization, placement, regulation,
semination, dissipation, distribution, divergence, division, settlement
emanation, parting, radiation, refraction, scattering, separa- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: conditional disposition, final disposi-
tion, spread tion, fraudulent disposition, power of disposition, testimen-
tary disposition
DISPLACE (Remove), verb banish, carry away, cart FOREIGN PHRASES: Cujus est dare, ejus est disponere.
away, cast out, change the place of, clear away, convey, Whoever has the right of giving a thing, has the right of any
delocalize, deport, detach, discard, discharge, dislocate, disposition of it.
dislodge, dismiss, dispatch, disperse, dispossess, disturb,
eject, evict, exclude, exile, expatriate, expel, export, ex- DISPOSITION (Inclination), noun aptitude, bent, bias,
propriate, loco suo movere, move, not retain, oust, purge, cast, character, characteristic, characteristic mood, constitu-
put out, send, send away, shift from its place, take away, tion, frame of mind, grain, humor, idiosyncrasy, inclination,
throw out, transfer, turn out, unhouse, unjoint, unseat individualism, indoles, ingenium, leaning, liking, makeup,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: displaced person, displaced worker mental constitution, mold, mood, native character, natura,
natural fitness, natural tendency, nature, penchant, person-
DISPLACE (Replace), verb act for, act the part of, an- ality, predilection, predisposition, preference, proclivity,
swer for, change for, count for, double for, exchange, fill proneness, propensity, spirit, temper, temperament, ten-
another’s position, fill in for, interchange, make a shift with, dency, turn of mind
make way for, offer in exchange, pass for, put in the place FOREIGN PHRASES: Impunitas continuum affectum tribuit
of, replace with, stand in for, substitute, succeed, super- delinquendi. Impunity confirms the disposition of a delin-
sede, supplant, switch, take another’s place, take in ex- quent.
change, take over another’s duties, take the place of,
transfer, transpose, understudy for DISPOSITION (Transfer of property), noun alienation,
arrangement for disposal, assignment, conveyance, con-
DISPLAY, verb brandish, bring to light, demonstrate, veyancing, deliverance, delivery, dispensation, disposal,
disclose, divulge, evidence, evince, exhibit, express, flaunt, distribution, giving, manner of disposal, release, relinquish-
flourish, illustrate, indicate, parade, present, reveal, show, ment, relinquishment by gift, sale, surrender, transfer, trans-
wave ference, vouchsafement, yielding
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: dispose of and convey, disposition by
DISPLEASE, verb affront, agitate, anger, annoy, antag- will, final disposition, fraudulent disposition, power of dis-
onize, bait, chafe, chagrin, disaffect, disappoint, discom- position, sale or other disposition, testamentary disposition
mode, discontent, disenchant, disgruntle, dishearten, dis- FOREIGN PHRASES: Cujus est dare, ejus est disponere. He
like, disoblige, dissatisfy, disturb, embitter, exasperate, who has a right to give, has the right to dispose of the gift.
excite, fret, grate, harrow, harry, inflame, irritate, offend,
pique, plague, provoke, repel, rile, sour, vex, worry DISPOSSESS, verb cause to forfeit, declare forfeit, de-
pose, deprive, deprive of occupancy, deturbare, disendow,
DISPLEASURE, noun antagonism, antipathy, censure, disentitle, dislodge, displace, disseise, disseize, divest,
condemnation, criticism, denunciation, deprecation, disap- eject from possession, evict, expel, expropriate, foreclose,
probation, discountenance, disesteem, disfavor, dislike, oust, possessione depellere, relieve of, remove, turn out
dispraise, distaste, objection, opposition, opprobrium, re- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: dispossess a tenant, eviction, foreclo-
jection, reprehension, reproach, reprobation sure, summary proceedings

DISPOSABLE, adjective adaptable, advantageous, DISPOSSESSION, noun abridgment, assumption, be-

available, consumable, dispensable, employable, expend- reavement, condemnation, confiscation, dislodgment, dis-
able, exploitable, fit for use, free for use, helpful, movable, ownment, disqualification, distrust, divestment, ejection,
of service, of use, on call, open to, pervious, procurable, eviction, expropriation, expulsion, foreclosure, forfeiture,
reachable, ready for use, realizable, salable, securable, ouster, privation, removal, taking, usurpation
serviceable, spendable, suitable, to be had, usable, useful, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: adverse possession, ejection, land-
utilitarian, utilizable, within reach lord-tenant, wrongful dispossession, wrongful eviction
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: disposable assets
DISPRAISE, noun blame, castigation, censure, con-
DISPOSE (Apportion), verb deal out, distribute, dole demnation, criticism, decrial, denunciation, depreciation,
out, fix, mete out, parcel out, place detraction, disapprobation, disapproval, discommendation,

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discredit, disgrace, dishonor, disparagement, dissatisfac- disputable, disputative, dissenting, dissentious, divided,
tion, disvaluation, ignominy, malediction, obloquy, onus, fractious, hostile, litigious, logomachical, moot, petulant,
opprobrium, rebuke, reprimand, reprisal polemic, pugnacious, quarrelsome, querulous, remonstra-
tive, schismatic, testy
DISPRAISE, verb blame, castigate, censure, condemn,
criticize, damn, decry, defame, denounce, deprecate, de- DISPUTE, noun aggressive argument, altercatio, alter-
preciate, derogate, disapprove, discommend, discounte- cation, argument, bickering, challenge, clash of opinions,
nance, discredit, dishonor, disparage, disvalue, fault, in- conflict, conflict of opinion, contention, controversia, con-
veigh, lessen, malign, reprimand, rebuke troversy, debate, démêlé, difference, difference of opinion,
disaccord, disagreement, disceptatio, discord, dissension,
DISPROPORTIONATE, adjective assymetrical, at odds, dissentience, dissidence, disturbance, disunity, divergence,
at variance, conflicting, contrary to reason, disaccordant, divergent opinions, embranglement, embroilment, failure
discordant, discrepant, disparate, divergent, excessive, ill- to agree, feud, imbroglio, impugnation, legal battle, litiga-
adapted, ill-matched, ill-proportioned, ill-sorted, ill-suited, tion, nonagreement, opposition, polemic, remonstrance,
illogical, impar, improperly proportioned, inaequalis, inap- remonstration, strife, variance, verbal contention, verbal
plicable, inapposite, inappropriate, incommensurable, in- controversy, verbal engagement, wrangle
commensurate, incompatible, inconformable, incongruent, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: amount in dispute, dispute as to the
incongruous, inconsequent, inconsistent, inconsonant, infe- amount, dispute concerning terms or conditions of em-
licitous, inharmonious, inordinate, irrational, irreconcilable, ployment, jurisdictional dispute, labor dispute, matter in
lacking proportion, mismatched, not following, not in keep- dispute, undisputed claim
ing, out of joint, out of keeping, out of place, out of propor-
tion, overcharged, overmuch, poorly adapted, superfluous, DISPUTE (Contest), verb altercari, altercate, argue
too much, unapt, unbalanced, unbefitting, uncalled for, against, argue vehemently, be at cross purposes, be at vari-
unconformable, undeserved, undeserving, undue, unequal, ance, bring in question, call in question, challenge, clash,
uneven, unfitting, unjustifiable, unreasonable, unseemly, collide, combat, compete, conflict, confute, contend, con-
unsuitable, unsymmetrical, untoward, unwarrantable, un- tend for, contradict, contravene, controvert, deny, deny
warranted, wanting in proportion absolutely, deny emphatically, deny entirely, deny flatly,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: disproportionate penalty, dispropor- deny peremptorily, deny the genuineness of, differ, dis-
tionate to the value, punishment disproportionate to the crime agree with, dissent from, doubt, gainsay, give denial to,
have a feud with, have an altercation, have differences,
DISPROVE, verb belie, confute, contravene, contro- have words with, impugn, negative, not agree, object to,
vert, counteract, countervail, deny, discredit, dispel, find oppose by argument, quarrel over, query, question the
unfounded, invalidate, negate, nullify, oppugn, prove false, truth of, recriminate, refute, rixari, strive against, struggle
prove the contrary, prove to be wrong, prove to the con- against, take exception, take issue with, traverse
trary, rebut, redarguere, refellere, refute, show the fallacy of, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: disputed claim, disputed demand,
show to be false, traverse disputed issue, disputed question of fact, disputed writing,
labor dispute
DISPUTABLE, adjective admitting of doubt, ambigu- FOREIGN PHRASES: Non est certandum de regulis juris.
ous, apocryphal, appealing to reason, arguable, arguing, There is no disputing about rules of the law.
argumentative, at issue, confutable, conjectural, contest-
able, controversial, controvertible, cryptic, debatable, deni- DISPUTE (Debate), verb ambigere, argue, argue a case,
able, disputatious, doubtable, doubtful, doubting, dubious, argue a point, argue in opposition, argufy, bandy words, be
dubitable, dubitative, enigmatic, equivocal, eristic, fallible, contrary, bicker, carry on an argument, confute, contend in
hard to believe, hypothetical, improbable, in dispute, in argument, contradict, controvert, differ, disagree, discept,
doubt, in issue, in question, incredible, indefinite, indetermi- disceptare, disputare, dissent, divide on, have a verbal con-
nate, infamis, not axiomatic, not to be believed, of doubtful troversy over, hold an argument, indulge in argument,
certainty, open to debate, open to discussion, open to make a rejoinder, not agree, parry, rebut, refute, wrangle
doubt, open to question, open to suspicion, paradoxical,
perplexing, polemic, problematic, questionable, refutable, DISPUTE RESOLUTION, noun alternative dispute res-
speculative, subject to argument, subject to controversy, olution, judicial alternative, means to conclude an action,
suppositional, suspect, suspicious, theoretical, to be de- means to gain a decision, means to gain a determination,
cided, unaffirmed, unascertained, unbelievable, uncertain, means to gain an outcome, means to obtain findings,
unconfirmed, undecided, undemonstrable, undemon- means to resolve an action
strated, under discussion, undetermined, unfixed, unknown, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: alternative dispute resolution
unlikely, unproven, unreliable, unresolved, unsettled, un-
sure, unsustainable, unsustained, unverifiable, vague DISPUTED POINT OF LAW, noun at issue, bone of
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: disputable presumption contention, contention, debatable point, desideratum, de-
velopment, difficulty, in question, issue, issue under con-
DISPUTANT, noun adversary, adverse party, antago- sideration, matter in dispute, outgrowth, point, point in
nist, argumentative person, assailant, belligerent, caviler, question, problem, question at issue, sticking point, under
combatant, contender, contestant, controversialist, contro- advisement, under examination
vertist, discussant, dissenter, litigant, objector, obstruction-
ist, opponent, opposer, oppositionist, polemicist, resister, DISQUALIFICATION (Factor that disqualifies), noun
rival, wrangler defect, disability, disablement, failure, handicap, inability,
inadequacy, inaptitude, incapability, incapacitation, inca-
DISPUTATIOUS, adjective argumentative, bickering, pacity, incompetence, incompetency, ineptitude, inexpert-
cantankerous, captious, competitive, contentious, contrary, ness, insufficiency, invalidation, invalidity, lack of dexterity,
controversial, debatable, dialectic, discordant, discrepant, lack of proficiency, lack of qualification, shortcoming,

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 DISQUALIFICATION

unaptness, undeftness, undesirability, unfitness, unfitted- not think of, not trouble oneself, omittere, overlook, parvi
ness, unpreparedness, unproficiency, unqualifiedness, un- facere, pass by, pay no attention, pay no regard to, preter-
skillfulness, unsuitability, want of ability, want of skill mit, refuse to hear, refuse to know, refuse to regard, snub,
spurn, take no account of, take no interest, take no note of,
DISQUALIFICATION (Rejection), noun banishment, de- take no notice of, think little of, think nothing of, treat with-
posal, deprivation, dethronement, disapprobation, disbar- out due respect
ment, discharge, disentitlement, disfavor, disfranchisement, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: disregard for the law, instruct the jury
dislodgment, dismissal, displacement, dispossession, ejec- to disregard testimony, reckless disregard
tion, elimination, eviction, exclusion, expulsion, forfeiture,
inadmissibility, ineligibility, invalidation, loss of right, non- DISREPAIR, noun collapse, corrosion, damage, deca-
admission, noninclusion, ouster, preclusion, rejecting, re- dence, decadency, decay, decrepitude, degeneration, de-
jection, repudiation, throwing out terioration, dilapidation, impaired condition, impairment,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: disqualification to hold office, legal lack of maintenance, neglect, ruination
disqualification
DISREPUTABLE, adjective abominable, arrant, bad,
DISQUALIFY, verb bar, block, check, counteract, debar, base, beastly, being in ill repute, characterless, cheap,
deny, deprive of power, disable, disarm, disenable, disen- coarse, conscienceless, contemptible, corrupt, crass, de-
title, disfranchise, dispossess of right, divest of right, exci- graded, demoralizing, deplorable, despicable, despised,
pere, exclude, incapacitate, inhibit, interfere, invalidate, detestable, devious, discreditable, discredited, disgraced,
make impossible, make useless, neutralize, preclude, pre- disgraceful, dishonest, dishonorable, disliked, disrespect-
vent, prohibit, reject, render impotent, render unfit, re- able, dissolute, dreadful, foul, hateful, having a bad reputa-
strain, restrict, rule out, stop, strip of right, undermine, unfit tion, heinous, held in contempt, horrendous, horrid, igno-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: disqualified for interest, disqualified to ble, ignominious, immoral, improper, impure, in disgrace,
act, disqualifying interest, disqualifying opinion, perma- indecent, indecorous, indelicate, inelegant, infamis, infa-
nently disqualified mous, inglorious, iniquitous, insincere, knavish, licentious,
loathsome, meretricious, misdealing, nefarious, not repu-
DISQUIET, noun agitation, anarchy, anxiety, chaos, table, not respectable, not thought much of, notorious,
commotion, disconcert, disease, disorder, disruption, ex- objectionable, obnoxious, odious, of bad character, of ill
citement, ferment, fermentation, inquietude, perturbation, fame, opprobrious, prevaricating, profligate, recreant, re-
restiveness, restlessness, tension, trouble, tumult, turbu- jected, reprehensible, reproached, ribald, shameful, shame-
lence, turmoil, uneasiness, unsettlement, upheaval, uproar less, spurious, suspicious, tasteless, undignified, unethical,
unprincipled, unrefined, unrespectable, unsavory, unscru-
DISREGARD (Lack of respect), noun affront, aloofness, pulous, untrustworthy, untruthful, unworthy
bad manners, belittlement, callousness, contempt, con-
temptousness, contumely, depreciation, discourtesy, dis- DISREPUTE, noun abasement, abjectness, abominable-
dain, disesteem, disfavor, dishonor, disobedience, disre- ness, bad character, bad reputation, bad repute, baseness,
gardfulness, disrespect, heedlessness, impoliteness, beastliness, brand, contemptibility, debasement, degrada-
impudence, inappreciation, inattentiveness, incivility, in- tion, despicability, despicableness, discreditableness, dis-
considerateness, inconsideration, indifference, insensitivity, esteem, disgracefulness, dishonor, dishonorableness, dis-
insolence, insult, low estimation, outrage, regardlessness, paragement, disreputability, disreputableness, disrespect,
rudeness, scoffing, scorn, slight, snub, thoughtlessness, execrableness, heinousness, ignobility, ignominiousness,
underestimation, undervaluation, unheedfulness, unmind- ignominy, ill fame, ill favor, ill repute, infamia, infamous-
fulness, want of thought ness, infamy, ingloriousness, loathsomeness, loss of honor,
loss of reputation, monstrousness, nefariousness, no repu-
DISREGARD (Omission), noun breach of orders, de- tation, no repute, obloquy, obnoxiousness, odiousness,
fault, delinquency, dereliction of duty, disregardfulness, odium, opprobrium, shady reputation, shame, shameful-
failure to carry out, infraction, infringement, malefaction, ness, shoddiness, stain, taint, turpitude, vileness, want of
malpractice, misbehavior, misconduct, neglect, neglectful- esteem, wickedness, wretchedness
ness, noncompliance, nonobservance, preterition, preter-
mission, refusal to obey, regardlessness, remissness, trans- DISRESPECT, noun abruptness, affront, arrogance,
gression, trespass, violation audacity, bluntness, brashness, brazenness, brusqueness,
cavalierness, condescension, contempt, contemptuous-
DISREGARD (Unconcern), noun carelessness, disinter- ness, contumacy, contumely, curtness, defiance, deprecia-
est, disinterestedness, disregardfulness, exclusion, heedless- tion, derision, derisiveness, detraction, discourteousness,
ness, improvidence, imprudence, inattention, inattentive- discourtesy, disdain, disesteem, dishonor, disobedience,
ness, incaution, inconsideration, indifference, inobservance, disparagement, disregard, disrespectfulness, effrontery,
insouciance, lack of care, lack of consideration, lack of inter- flippancy, flout, impertinence, impoliteness, impudence,
est, lack of observation, leaving out, mindlessness, neglect, incivility, indecorum, insolence, insolentia, insubordination,
neglectfulness, negligence, nonobservance, oblivion, oblivi- insult, inurbanity, irreverence, lack of consideration, lack of
ousness, overlooking, oversight, regardlessness, uncon- courteousness, lack of courtesy, lack of politeness, lack of
sciousness, unheedfulness, unmindfulness, unthinkingness, respect, mockery, offense, pertness, presumption, pre-
unwariness, unwatchfulness, want of notice, want of thought sumptuousness, rebuff, ridicule, rude behavior, rudeness,
sauciness, scoffing, scorn, shortness, slight, sneer, snub,
DISREGARD, verb be incurious, be indifferent, be in- spurn, superciliousness, tactlessness, uncourtliness, ungal-
sensitive, dismiss, fail to notice, fail to observe, feel no lantness, ungentlemanliness, ungraciousness, unmannerli-
concern, give no heed, ignore, leave out, leave out of con- ness, unmannerly conduct, unpoliteness, vilification, vili-
sideration, neglect, neglegere, not bother with, not consider, pendency, want of esteem
not hear, not heed, not include, not listen, not think about, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: disrespect to flag

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DISRUPT, verb agitate, annoy, break apart, cause divergence, diversity of opinion, expostulation, failure to
chaos, cause confusion, cause scission, confuse, create a agree, friction, lack of harmony, nonagreement, noncom-
disturbance, create disorder, derange, disarrange, discom- pliance, objection, oppositeness, opposition, schism, un-
pose, discontinue, dishevel, disjoin, disorder, disorganize, conformity, variance
disquiet, dissociate, distract, disturb, embroil, fluster, get in
the way, hinder, impede, infringe, intercept, interfere, in- DISSENT (Nonconcurrence), noun contrariety, disagree-
termit, interrupt, intervene, intrude, meddle, mess up, mix ment, disapproval, disavowal, disclaimer, discontent, dis-
up, obstruct, overturn, perturb, prevent, rend asunder, ruf- satisfaction, dissension, dissentient voice, disunity, non-
fle, rupture, split up, stir up, stop, sunder, suspend, thwart, agreement, nonassent, nonconformity, nonconsent,
unsettle, upset nonobservance, objection, opposition, repudiation, vari-
ance
DISSATISFACTION, noun annoyance, chagrin, com- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: dissenting opinion, dissenting vote
plaint, dejection, disaffection, disagreement, disappoint-
ment, disapprobation, disapproval, discomfort, discontent, DISSENT (Differ in opinion), verb argue, be at variance,
discontentedness, discontentment, discouragement, dises- be contrary, be of contrary sentiment, bicker, clash, collide,
teem, disfavor, disgruntlement, disgust, dislike, displea- conflict, confute, contradict, differ, differ in sentiment, dis-
sure, disquiet, dissatisfiedness, dissent, distaste, fault find- agree, disagree in opinion, dispute, dissentire, dissidere,
ing, grievance, grudge, inquietude, irritation, molestia, not agree, oppose, quarrel, take exception, take issue with
nonapproval, nonfulfillment of one’s hopes, offensa, of- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: dissenting fiduciary, dissenting stock-
fensio, opposition, pique, querulousness, regret, state of holders
not being satisfied, umbrage, uncomfortableness, uneasi-
ness of mind, unhappiness, unhappiness with one’s lot, DISSENT (Withhold assent), verb be unwilling, chal-
unsatisfaction, vexation lenge, decline, decline to agree, defy, demur, disallow,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: express dissatisfaction disapprove, negate, negative, nonconsent, not accept, not
approve, not consider, not defend, not hold with, object,
DISSECT, verb analyze, anatomize, assay, assess, break oppose, prohibit, protest, raise objections, raise one’s voice
down, classify, cut, deconstruct, diagnose, divide, evaluate, against, rebuff, refuse, refuse assent, refuse to admit, reject,
examine, inspect, investigate, schematize, scrutinize, seg- repudiate, repulse, resist, spurn
ment, separate, sort, study, subdivide ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: dissent from the majority opinion

DISSEISIN, noun arrogation, assuming ownership, at- DISSENTER, noun agitator, apostate, boycotter, contrar-
tachment, capture, commandeering, compulsory acquisi- ian, defector, disbeliever, disputant, disruptor, dissident,
tion, confiscation, deprivation, deprivation of possession, extremist, heresiarch, heretic, individualist, infidel, malcon-
disendowment, displacement of rightful owner, disposses- tent, misbeliever, nonconformist, objector, picketer, pro-
sion, distraint, distress, divestment, exclusion of entitled tester, radical, rebel, recusant, renegade, revolutionary, ri-
owner, expropriation, forcible seizure, foreclosure, impro- oter, schismatist, sectarian, separationist, separatist, skeptic
priation, ouster, prehension, privation of seisin, seizure, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: a minority opinion, the Supreme
sequestration, take over, taking, taking possession, taking Court decision
without compensation, wrongful dispossession
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: adverse possession, disseisin by DISSENTING, adjective arguing, argumentative, at
election cross-purposes, at issue, at loggerheads, at odds, at vari-
ance, caviling, clashing, conflicting, conflictive, conflic-
DISSEMINATE, verb announce, annunciate, apprise, tory, contentious, contradicting, controverting, debating,
broadcast, bruit, carry a report, circulate, communicate, declining to agree, demurring, denying, differing, disac-
convey, deal out, diffuse, dispatch news, dispense, disperse, cordant, disagreeing, disapproving, discordant, discrep-
disseminare, distribute, impart, inform, issue, make public, ant, disharmonious, disputatious, disputative, disputing,
notify, promulgate, propagate, publicize, publish, publish dissentient, dissentious, dissident, dissonant, disunited,
abroad, radiate, relay, report, spargere, spread a report, divergent, divided on, factious, going contrary to, in con-
spread far and wide, strew, transmit, utter flict, in disagreement, incongruous, inconsistent, inhar-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: publication of a libel monious, irreconcilable, not abiding, not accepting, not
agreeing, not conforming, objecting, opposing, polemi-
DISSENSION, noun angry disagreement, argumenta- cal, protesting, quarreling, quarrelsome, questioning,
tion, bickering, brouillerie, caviling, clashing, conflict, conflict recusant, refusing to admit, refusing to agree, refuting,
of opinion, contention, controversy, difference of opinion, repudiating, repugning, resisting, running counter to,
differences, disaccord, disaffection, disagreement, discord, taking exception, taking issue with, unconsenting, vary-
discordance, discordia, disharmony, dispute, dissent, dis- ing, withholding approval, withholding assent, wrangling
sentience, dissidence, dissonance, disunion, disunity, diver- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: dissenting judges, dissenting opin-
gence, divergent opinions, diversity of opinion, division, ion, dissenting shareholders
friction, lack of harmony, nonagreement, nonassent, noncon-
currence, protest, protestation, quarrel, refusal of agree- DISSERVICE, noun bad turn, damage, detriment, det-
ment, remonstrance, resentment, rift, schism, strife, strong rimentum, harm, ill turn, incommodum, injury, injustice,
dissension, violent disagreement, wrangling malfeasance, mischief, misdeed, misdoing, mistreatment,
outrage, unkindness, wrong
DISSENT (Difference of opinion), noun apostasy, argu-
ment, caviling, challenge, clash, confirmed opposition, DISSIDENCE, noun argument, bickering, clashing, con-
conflict, conflict of opinion, contraposition, demur, disac- flict, contradiction, contrariety, controversy, contumacious-
cord, disagreement, discord, discordance, disharmony, ness, difference, disaccord, disagreement, discongruity,
disparity, dissension, dissentience, dissidence, dissonance, discord, discordance, discordancy, disharmony, dissension,

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dissent, dissonance, disunion, disunity, divergence, faction, DISSOLUTION (Disintegration), noun adulteration, at-
incongruence, incongruity, inharmoniousness, noncompli- omization, atrophy, breaking up, corrosion, corruption,
ance, nonconcurrence, nonconformity, opposition, quarrel, crumbling, decay, decomposition, demolition, deteriora-
recusancy, schism, strife, unconformity, variance, wrangle tion, dilapidation, disassembly, disbanding, dismantlement,
disorganization, dispersal, disruption, dissipation, erosion,
DISSIDENT, adjective antagonistic, at odds with, at rotting, separation, spoilage, spoliation, undoing
variance with, challenging, clashing, contrary, differing,
disagreeing, discontented, discordant, discrepant, disin- DISSOLUTION (Termination), noun abolishment, aboli-
clined, disobedient, dissatisfied, dissentient, dissenting, tion, abrogation, annihilation, annulment, breaking up,
dissentious, divergent, divided, factious, inaccordant, inac- cancellation, canceling, cessation, close, closing, comple-
quiescent, incompatible, inconsistent with, irreconcilable, tion, conclusion, death, defeasance, demise, destruction,
loath, malcontent, noncompliant, nonconforming, noncon- discontinuance, dismissal, dissolutio, disuse, effacement,
formist, nonobservant, not consenting, objecting, opposing, elimination, end, ending, eradication, erasure, expiration,
protestant, protesting, quarreling, rebellious, recalcitrant, expunction, extinction, extinguishment, extirpation, finis,
recusant, refusing, resistant, unassenting, unconformable, finish, invalidation, liquidation, nullification, obliteration,
unconsenting, unwilling overthrow, prorogation, repeal, rescission, revocation, re-
vokement, ruin, ruination, suppression, voidance
DISSIMILAR, adjective aberrant, asymmetrical, atypical, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: corporate dissolution, de facto dissolu-
clashing, contrary, contrasted, contrasting, deviating, differ- tion, de jure dissolution, dissolution of marriage, dissolu-
ent, differing, disagreeing, discordant, discrepant, dispar, tion of partnership, dissolution proceeding
disparate, dissimilis, divergent, divers, diverse, diversified, FOREIGN PHRASES: Nihil tam naturale est, quam eo genere
heterogeneous, incongruent, irregular, irrelative, mis- quidque dissolvere, quo colligatum est. Nothing is so
matched, mixed, multiform, nonidentical, nonuniform, not natural as to dissolve anything in the way in which it was
comparable, not similar, odd, of a different kind, of all sorts, made binding. Nihil tam conveniens est naturali aequi-
of many kinds, unalike, unconformable, unidentical, unlike, tati quam unumquodque dissolvi eo ligamine quo liga-
unmatched, unpaired, unrelated, unresembling, unsame, tum est. Nothing is so agreeable to natural equity as that a
unsimilar, untypical, varied, variegated, variform, various thing should be dissolved by the same means by which it
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: dissimilar condition was bound. Nihil est magis rationi consentaneum quam
eodem modo quodque dissolvere quo conflatum est.
DISSIPATE (Expend foolishly), verb abuse, be extrava- Nothing is more consonant to reason than that a thing
gant, be immoderate, be intemperate, be prodigal, burn should be dissolved in the same way in which it was created.
up, consume, consume one’s substance, deny oneself
nothing, deplete, drain, empty, exhaust, expend, indulge DISSOLVE (Disperse), verb atomize, decompose, dif-
in extravagance, indulge oneself, live idly, misspend, mis- fuse, disintegrate, dispel, dissipate, dissolvere, evanesce,
use, overdraw, overspend, overstrain, practice extrava- intersperse, liquefacere, melt away, radiate, scatter, spread
gance, prodigalize, spend, spend lavishly, spend waste-
fully, use up, waste DISSOLVE (Separate), verb break apart, break up, de-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: dissipation of assets, dissipation of centralize, demobilize, detach, disband, disconnect, disen-
property, waste gage, disjoin, dismantle, dispart, dissever, dissociate, dis-
unite, divide, divorce, part, set asunder, sever, split up,
DISSIPATE (Spread out), verb bestrew, break up, cast sunder, take apart, uncouple, undo
forth, cease, cease to be, dematerialize, diffuse, disappear,
disintegrate, disperse, disseminate, dissipare, dissolve, di- DISSOLVE (Terminate), verb abort, abrogate, break up,
verge, evanesce, fade, fade away, overspread, radiate, bring to an end, bring to conclusion, call off, cancel, cease,
scatter, scatter thinly, scatter to the winds, scatter widely, conclude, desist, destroy, disband, discontinue, dispose of,
sow, spread, spread over, sprinkle, strew, vanish draw to a close, efface, effect a dissolution, end, erase,
expire, finish, halt, neutralize, nullify, obliterate, quash,
DISSOCIATE, verb break up, cut adrift, cut off, demo- render inert, revoke, split up, stop, undo, vitiate, wipe out
bilize, detach, disassociate, disband, disconnect, disencum- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: dissolving an injunction
ber, disengage, disjoin, dispart, disperse, displace, dissever, FOREIGN PHRASES: Eddem modo quo quid constituitur, dis-
disunite, divide, divorce, free, have no concern with, iso- solvitur. Anything is dissolved in the same manner in
late, keep apart, liberate, loosen, part, release, remove, which it is made binding.
scatter, segregate, separate, set free, sever, sunder, take
leave, unbind, unchain, uncouple, undo, unlock, unloose, DISSONANCE, noun altercation, animosity, antipathy,
unyoke, withdraw argument, clash, collision, competition, conflict, conten-
tion, contrariety, controversy, disaccord, disagreement,
DISSOLUTE, adjective abandoned, base-minded, car- discord, discordance, discrepancy, disharmony, dispute,
nal, concupiscent, corrupt, corrupted, debased, debauched, dissention, dissidence, dissimilarity, disunion, division, en-
decadent, degenerate, degraded, depraved, dissipated, mity, friction, hostility, ill-will, incongruence, inconsistency,
dissolutus, evil-minded, free-living, graceless, immoderate, infighting, misbeliever, nonconformist, protester, quarrel,
immoral, impure, incontinent, incorrigible, indecent, indul- rancor, rebel, recusant, row, run-in, schism, scrape, separa-
gent, iniquitous, intemperate, lascivious, libertine, libidi- tion, spat, strife, warfare
nous, licentious, low-minded, lustful, luxuriosus, perverted,
polluted, prodigal, profligate, prurient, rakish, reprobate, DISSONANT, adjective at variance, atonal, blaring dif-
salacious, satyric, sensual, shameless, unashamed, unbri- ference, cacophonous, clangorous, clashing, contrariant,
dled, unchaste, uncurbed, unprincipaled, unrestrained, un- contrary, contrasting, diametrically opposed, different, dis-
virtuous, warped, wayward consonant, discordant, discrepant, displeasing, divisive,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: dissolute person grating, harsh, heterogeneous, incompatible, inconsistent,

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inharmonious, jarring, off-beat, off-key, oppositional, para- not the same, observably different, out of the ordinary,
doxical, raucous, strident, tuneless, unmelodious, unmix- particular, peculiar, poles apart, removed, separate, separa-
able, unpleasant, uproarious tus, set apart, singular, special, standing apart, uncommon,
unconfused, unimitated, unique, unlike, unlike others,
DISSUADE, verb abash, advise against, argue against, unusual
attempt to divert, attempt to prevent, cause doubt, cau- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: distinct entity, distinct interests
tion, convince to the contrary, daunt, dehortari, deter from
one’s purpose, deterrere, discourage, disenchant, dis- DISTINCT MEANING, noun accurate meaning, correct
hearten, disillusion, dispirit, dissuadere, divert by appeal, meaning, defined meaning, definition, exact meaning, ex-
divert from, exhort against, frighten away, raise apprehen- planation, explicit meaning, express meaning, faithful
sion, remonstrate, render averse, stave off, talk out of, turn meaning, inflexible meaning, literal meaning, methodical
from a purpose, urge not to meaning, meticulous meaning, narrow meaning, not sub-
ject to interpretation, ordinary meaning, plain meaning,
DISTANCE, noun area, berth, breadth, cast, clearance, precise meaning, prescribed meaning, rigid meaning, rig-
depth, extension, extent, gamut, height, lead, length, mea- orous meaning, sharply defined, significance, specific
surement, perspective, range, reach, remove, scale, scope, meaning, strict meaning, unbending meaning, uncompro-
space, spacing, spectrum, sphere, spread, stretch, territory, mising meaning, unequivocal meaning
volume ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: construction, literal contract, literal
proof, plain meaning rule, rules of statutory, soft plain
DISTANT (Detached), adjective afar, far, far away, far- meaning rule, textualism
off, in the distance, out of distance, out of range, out of
reach, out of sight, outlying, remote, removed DISTINCTION (Difference), noun antithesis, characteris-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: distant relative, trust and estates, wills tic difference, contrariety, contrast, differentia, differential,
differentiation, disaccord, disagreement, discongruity, dis-
DISTANT (Far), adjective aloof, coif, remote, removed, crepancy, discrimen, discrimination, disharmony, disparity,
standoffish, unapproachable, uncommunicative, unfriendly, dissension, dissonance, distinctio, distinguishing characteris-
unresponsive, unsociable, withdrawn tic, distinguishing quality, diverseness, earmark, individual-
ity, irrelation, nonuniformity, peculiarity, perceivable dis-
DISTASTEFUL, adjective abhorrent, abominable, an af- similarity, point of difference, special marking, unconformity,
front, appalling, awful, causing anger, causing displea- unique feature, uniqueness, unlikeness, variance, variant,
sure, causing resentment, disagreeable, foul, insipid, in- variation
vidious, loathsome, nauseating, noisome, noxious, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: substantial distinction
obnoxious, odious, offensive, repellent, repugnant, re-
pulsive, savorless, shocking, sickening, tactless, tasteless, DISTINCTION (Reputation), noun account, aura popu-
unacceptable, unappetizing, uncongenial, uninviting, un- laris, brilliance, celebrity, credit, dignitas, dignity, emi-
palatable, unsavory nence, exaltation, fame, grandeur, greatness, honor, illustri-
ousness, immortality, importance, loftiness, marked
DISTILL, verb boil down, clarify, concentrate, con- superiority, name, nobility, notability, note, noteworthiness,
dense, decoct, destillare, draw forth, draw out, draw out popular favor, prestige, prominence, public esteem, re-
the essence, drop, expel, extract, filtrate, filter, free from nown, reputability, repute, respectability, significance,
extraneous matter, press out, purify by removing the for- special favor, superiority
eign and nonessential, reduce to extreme purity and
strength, separate, squeeze out, stillare, strain, strain out, DISTINCTIVE, adjective characteristic, conspicuous,
take out, trickle, vaporize and condense, wring contrasting, diacritical, different, differentiating, differentia-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: distilled liquor, distilled spirits, distill- tive, differing, discriminating, distinct, distinguishing, ex-
ing apparatus, distilling the essence out of a case clusive, idiomatic, idiosyncratic, indicating difference, indic-
ative, individualistic, individualizing, marked, noteworthy,
DISTINCT (Clear), adjective apparent, clarus, clear-cut, noticeable, particular, peculiar, proprius, salient, separative,
clear to the mind, clear to the senses, clearly defined, con- serving to distinguish, singular, special, uncommon, unimi-
crete, conspicuous, crystal clear, definite, distinctus, distin- tated, unique, unlike
guishable, easily perceived, easily understood, eidetic, evi- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: distinctive characteristic, distinctive
dent, explicit, exposed to view, express, for all to see, name
glaring, graphic, in full view, indubitable, intelligible, lucid,
manifest, noticeable, obvious, palpable, particular, pellucid, DISTINGUISH, verb ascertain, characterize, classify,
perceivable, perceptible, perspicuus, positive, precise, pro- contradistinguish, define, demarcate, differentiate, discern,
nounced, recognizable, self-evident, sharp, striking, unam- discriminate, distinguere, divide, draw a distinction, exer-
biguous, unclouded, uncovered, undisguised, undistorted, cise discretion, exercise discrimination, individualize, inter-
unequivocal, unhidden, visible, visualized, vivid, well-de- noscere, judge, make distinctions, mark out, note differ-
fined, well-drawn, well-marked ences, particularize, perceive clearly, point out an essential
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: clear and distinct, distinct action difference, recognize as different, secernere, separate, set
apart, specify, winnow
DISTINCT (Distinguished from others), adjective char- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: distinguish between right and wrong,
acteristic, contrasted, contrasting, decidedly different, de- distinguishing cases, distinguishing characteristics, distin-
parting from, different, differing, disassociated, discrepant, guishing mark
discrete, discriminate, dissimilar, distant, distinctive, dis- FOREIGN PHRASES: Ubi lex non distinguit, nec nos dis-
tinctus, distinguished by nature, distinguished by station, tinguere debemus. Where the law does not distinguish,
divergent, diverse, divorced, idiosyncratic, incongruent, we ought not to distinguish. Qui bene distinguit bene
incongruous, individual, marked, nonuniform, not identical, docet. He who distinguishes well teaches well.

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DISTINGUISHABLE, adjective able to draw a distinc- DISTORTION OF THE TRUTH, noun deceitfulness,
tion, able to exercise discretion, ascertainable, capable of deception, exaggeration, fabrication, faking, falsehood, fal-
being judged, capable of making distinctions, classifiable, sification, falsity, garbling, lie, lying, mendacity, misconcep-
definable, demarcation, differentiation, discernment, es- tion, misconstruction, misinterpretation, misrepresentation,
sentially different, individualized, particularized, recog- mythomania, perfidy, perversion, sophistry, spuriousness,
nized as different, separated, set apart, specified untruthfulness
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: distinguishable case law, distinguish- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: perjury, uttering a false statement
able mark, distinguishable precedence
DISTRACTION, noun agitation, ambiguity, befuddle-
DISTINGUISHED (Renowned), adjective acclaimed, aris- ment, complication, confoundment, confusion, daze, disar-
tocratic, august, celebrated, decorous, dignified, elegant, ray, disorder, disorganization, disorientation, disruption,
elevated, eminent, exalted, famed, famous, glorious, hon- disturbance, divergency, diversion, engrossment, fluster,
ored, illustrious, important, luminous, magisterial, majestic, interference, interruption, mystification, preoccupation,
noble, notable, noteworthy, outstanding, paramount, pre- shambles, turmoil
dominant, preeminent, prominent, redoubtable, reputable,
seemly, signal, star, stately, superior, venerable DISTRAIN, verb annex, appropriate, assume owner-
ship, attach, bear away, carry away, carry off, compulsorily
DISTINGUISHED (Unique), adjective anomalous, charac- acquire, confiscate, deprive of, divest, garnish, hominis
teristic, contrasting, custom, customized, different, distinct, bona vendere, hurry off with, impound, impress, lay hold of,
distinctive, especial, extraordinaire, extraordinary, idiosyn- levy, levy a distress, make away with, possess oneself of,
cratic, matchless, memorable, particular, peculiar, peerless, preempt, replevy, seize, sequester, sequestrate, take away,
phenomenal, preternatural, separate, special, specialized, take into custody, take over, take possession of
uncommon, unique, unparalleled, unrivaled, unusual
DISTRAINT, noun annexation, appropriation, attach-
DISTORT, verb bend, camouflage, caricature, change ment, capture, confiscation, dispossession, distress, divest-
out of recognition, change the face of, conceal, contort, ment, execution, expropriation, forcible seizure, garnish-
corrupt, deform, disguise, disproportion, dissemble, dis- ment, impoundage, impoundment, levy, obtainment,
torquere, exaggerate, falsify, give a false idea, give a false securement, seizure and appropriation, seizure to procure
impression, give a strained meaning, give a turn, give satisfaction of a debt, sequestration
twist, inflate, make unlike, miscite, miscolor, misconstrue, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: distraint for rent, process of distraint
misdescribe, misdirect, miseducate, misestimate, misex-
plain, misexpress, misinform, misinstruct, misinterpret, DISTRESS (Anguish), noun agitation, agony, anxiety,
mislead, misquote, misread, misreckon, misreport, mis- anxiousness, blight, depression, desolation, despair, de-
represent, misshape, misteach, mistranslate, overdo, over- spondency, difficulty, discomfort, discomposure, disquiet,
dramatize, overstate, palter with the truth, paralogize, disquietude, dissatisfaction, infelicity, inquietude, mental
parody, pervert, play upon words, put a false construction agony, misery, pain, perturbation, sadness, sorrow, suffer-
on, put a false sense on, put an erroneous construction on, ing, torment, trial, tribulation, trouble, uneasiness, unhappi-
reshape, strain, strain the meaning, strain the sense, strain ness, vexation, woe, worry, wretchedness
the truth, stretch, stretch the meaning, transfigure, trans- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: distress for rent, distress warrant,
form, turn awry, twist, twist the meaning, twist the sense, mental distress, unreasonable distress, warrant of distress
twist the words, understate, warp, wrench, wrench the
meaning, wrench the sense DISTRESS (Seizure), noun acquirement, acquisition,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: distort the truth adoption, annexation, appropriation, arrogation, assumption,
attachment, capture, confiscation, deprivation, deprivement,
DISTORT THE MEANING, verb belie, bias, contort, dispossession, disseisin, distraint, divestment, expropria-
deform, distort, falsify, garble, interpret incorrectly, ma- tion, impoundage, impoundment, impress, impressment,
nipulate, misapply, misapprehend, miscolor, misconceive, impropriation, levy, removal, seizing, sequestration,
misconstrue, misdirect, misinterpret, misjudge, misread, snatching, taking, usurpation
misrender, misreport, misstate, mistranslate, misuse, per-
vert, put a false construction on, twist, warp DISTRESS, verb afflict, aggravate, aggrieve, agitate,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: distort the meaning of a decision, agonize, annoy, bedevil, bother, cause suffering, chagrin,
distort the meaning of a statute, distort the truth discompose, disgust, disquiet, disturb, exacerbate, grieve,
harass, harrow, harry, hurt, irk, irritate, make miserable, make
DISTORTION, noun anamorphosis, camouflage, cari- sorrowful, make unhappy, molest, offend, pain, perturb, sad-
cature, contortion, convolution, deception, deformation, den, subject to strain, torment, trouble, upset, vex, worry
deformity, disguise, disparity, disproportion, dissem-
blance, dissimilarity, dissimilitude, distortio, embroidery, DISTRIBUTE, verb admeasure, administer, allocate,
enlargement, exaggeration, expansion, false coloring, allot, appropriate, arrange, array, assign, assign places to,
false construction, false copy, false reading, falsification, assort, class, classify, deal, decentralize, dispense, disper-
gloss, hyperbole, illusion, imbalance, irrelation, magnifica- tire, disseminate, distribuere, divide, dividere, dole, file,
tion, misapplication, misconstruction, misdirection, mis- give out, mete, parcel out, portion out, prorate, ration,
explanation, misinformation, misinstruction, misinterpre- scatter, set in order, share, sort, sow, space, spread, sprin-
tation, misquotation, misrendering, misrepresentation, kle, systematize
mistranslation, misusage, misuse of words, one-sided ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: distributed among creditors, distrib-
conception, one-sided view, over coloring, overstate- uted because of liquidation, distribution of an estate
ment, perversion, pravitas, satire, simulacrum, strained
sense, stretch, travesty, twist, unlikeness, warped judg- DISTRIBUTION (Apportionment), noun allocation, allot-
ment, wrong interpretation ment, appropriation, assignment, dealing out, dispensation,

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disposal, dissemination, division, dole, handing out, issu- DISUSE, noun abandonment, abolishment, abolition,
ance, parceling out, partition, placement, proporting, ration- abstinence, archaism, cessation of use, decay, desuetude,
ing, repartition, sharing discontinuance, discontinuation, disregard, disusage, fail-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: capital distribution, distribution by ure to use, ignorement, inattention, inusitation, neglect,
operation of law, distribution of assets, distribution of capi- nonemployment, nonuse, obsolescence, staleness, suspen-
tal, distribution of corporate assets, distribution of earnings sion, unemployment
or profits, distribution of powers and functions, distribution
of proceeds, distribution points, just and equal distribution, DIVERGE, verb avoid, bifurcate, branch off, branch out,
partial distribution, per capita distribution, per stirpes distri- deflect, depart, detour, deviate, digress, disperse, divari-
bution, pro rata distribution, ratable distribution cate, diversify, divide, excurse, extend, fork, part, prolifer-
ate, scatter, separate, sheer, split, spread, stray, swerve,
DISTRIBUTION (Arrangement), noun assemblage, cat- veer, wander
egorization, classification, collocation, disposition, dispo-
sure, formation, gradation, graduation, grouping, manage- DIVERGENT, adjective aberrant, bifurcate, bifurcated,
ment, marshaling, ordering, organization, placement, branching, departing, deviating, deviative, deviatory, dif-
regimentation, serialization, systematization ferent, differing, discrepant, disharmonious, disparate, dis-
similar, divaricating, diverging, diverse, diversified, eccentric,
DISTRICT, noun ager, area, circuit, constituency, de- factional, factious, forking, furcate, furcated, incompatible,
partment, domain, locale, locality, neighborhood, pale, inconsistent, nonuniform, parting, radiating, ramified, sepa-
precinct, province, quarter, realm, regio, region, section, rating, straying, taking different courses, unconventional,
sphere, terra, territorial division, territory, tract, ward, zone untraditional, variant, varying
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: business district, collection district, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: divergent interests
election district, federal district, improvement district, judi-
cial district, school district, tax district DIVERSE, adjective alius, assorted, contrastive, devia-
tive, different, differing, disagreeing, discrepant, dispar,
DISTRICT ATTORNEY, noun accuser, attorney for the disparate, dissimilar, distinct, distinguishable, divergent,
people, attorney representing the state’s interest, law en- divers, diversified, diversiform, diversus, heterogeneous,
forcement agent, the people, prosecuting attorney, the incomparable, manifold, miscellaneous, mixed, motley,
prosecution, prosecutor, public attorney, public pleader, multifarious, multiform, several, sundry, unidentical, unlike,
public prosecutor, the state, state’s attorney unmatched, variant, varied, variegated, various, varying
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: attorney general, county attorney, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: diverse citizenship, diverse interests,
prosecuting attorney, state’s attorney diversity jurisdiction

DISTRUST, verb challenge, deny, disbelieve, discount, DIVERSIFICATION, noun alteration, assortment,
disfavor, doubt, eschew, give no credence to, mistrust, change, contrast, deviation, difference, differentiation, het-
question, reject, repudiate, scoff at, scorn, scout, suspect erogeneity, multifariousness, multiformity, separation, shift,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: credibility of a witness variation
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: diversification of investments
DISTURB, verb agitate, alarm, annoy, arouse, badger,
bedevil, befuddle, bewilder, bother, churn, commovere, con- DIVERSIFY, verb accommodate, adapt, adjust, alter,
found, confuse, conturbare, derange, disarrange, discomfit, branch out, build, change, develop, diverge, embrace, en-
discompose, disconcert, dishevel, dislocate, dislodge, dis- compass, evolve, expand, extend, grow, include, increase,
may, disorder, disorganize, disorientate, displace, displant, involve, metamorphose, mix, modify, modulate, multiply,
displease, disquiet, distemper, distract, distress, enrage, ex- proliferate, ramify, regenerate, revolutionize, shift, spread
asperate, ferment, fluster, havoc, incommode, interfere, in- out, subsume, take in, temper, transform, variegate, vary
terrupt, intrude, irk, make uneasy, meddle, molest, nettle, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: race-based admission programs
nonplus, outrage, overturn, perplex, perturb, perturbare,
pique, plague, puzzle, rearrange, roil, rouse, ruffle, shake, DIVERSION (Detour), noun aberration, alteration, avia-
shake up, startle, stir up, subvert, tamper, trouble, unbalance, tion, curve, deflection, departure, deviation, digression, di-
unnerve, unseat, unsettle, upset, vex, worry vagation, divergency, inconsistency, irregularity, loop,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: disturbing the peace, right to quiet modification, obfuscation, reversion, shift, straying, trans-
enjoyment gression, turn, twist, variance, variation, veering, wandering

DISTURBANCE, noun affray, agitation, annoyance, DIVERSION (Distraction), noun aberration, agitation,
anxietude, anxiety, anxiousness, commotion, confusion, befuddlement, bewilderment, complication, confound-
disarrangement, discomfiture, discomposure, disconcer- ment, confusion, daze, disarray, disconcertion, disorder,
tion, discontinuity, dishevelment, dislocation, disorder, disorganization, disorientation, divertissement, engross-
disorganization, displacement, disquiet, disquietude, em- ment, fluster, interference, interruption, mystification, pre-
broilment, eruption, faction, ferment, fomentation, fracas, occupation, shambles, turmoil
fuss, hindrance, inquietude, interruption, intrusion, mael-
strom, misarrangement, misgiving, molestation, motus, DIVERSITY, noun assortment, discongruity, discrepan-
perturbation, quandary, rebellion, restiveness, restlessness, tia, dissimilarity, dissimilitude, diverseness, diversitas, het-
revolt, revolution, state of disorder, trepidation, tumult, erogeneity, inconformity, irregularity, manifoldness, medley,
tumultus, turbatio, turbulence, turmoil, unrest, unruliness, miscellany, mixture, multifariousness, multiformity, multi-
unsettlement, uprising, uproar plicity, nonuniformity, unconformity, unevenness, unlike-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: creating a disturbance, disorderly con- ness, variability, variation, variegation, variety, variousness
duct, disturbance of court, disturbance of possession, distur- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: diversity jurisdiction, diversity of citi-
bance of quiet possession, disturbing the peace, nuisance zenship

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 DIVERT

DIVERT, verb cause to bend, cause to curve, cause to ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: division of costs, division of damages,
deviate, cause to turn from, change the course of, deflect, division of governmental powers, division of property, eq-
derivare, deter, deviate, distract, draw aside, draw away, uitable division, final division and distribution, political
misappropriate, misdirect, mislead, parry, pull aside, push subdivision
aside, put off the track, redirect, shift, shunt, sidetrack,
swerve, turn aside, veer DIVISION (Administrative unit), noun area, branch,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: diversion of assets, diversion of corpo- cadre, canton, category, chapter, class, classification, de-
rate funds, diversion of proceeds, diversion of public funds partment, district, group, grouping, province, region,
to a private purpose, diversion of trust funds, illegal diver- ward, zone
sion, unlawful diversion
DIVISIVE, adjective bisected, causing disagreement,
DIVEST, verb attach, confiscate, depose, deprive, de- causing disassociation, causing disjunction, causing separa-
spoil, discharge, disendow, disentitle, dislodge, displace, tion, cleavable, creating dissension, creating disunity, cre-
dispossess, disrobe, disseize, distrain, drive out, evict, ating hostility, discordant, discrepant, disengaging, dis-
expel, expropriate, forfeit, lay bare, lay open, oust, reduce, joined, disjunctive, dissentient, dissident, dissonant,
relieve, remove, seize, strip, take away, uncover, unseat diverging, dividing, divisible, factious, fragmentable, inhar-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: divesting of title, divestiture of rights monious, partible, schismatic, separable, severable, split,
subdivisive
DIVIDE (Distribute), verb admeasure, administer, allo-
cate, allot, apportion, appropriate, assign, carve, consign, DIVORCE, noun annulment of marriage, broken mar-
dispense, disperse, dispose, distribuere, dividere, dole, dole riage, conclusion, decree of nullity, discidium, dissolution
out, endow, give out, issue, mete, mete out, parcel out, of marriage, dissolution of the marriage bond, disunion,
pass out, pay out, portion out, prorate, ration, serve, share divortium, finality, judgment dissolving a marriage, judicial
separation of a husband and wife, legal dissolution of mar-
DIVIDE (Separate), verb bisect, cleave, cut, demarcate, riage, legal nullification of marriage, legal termination of
detach, disconnect, disengage, disiungere, disjoin, dis- marriage, repudiation of a marriage, repudium
member, dispart, dissever, dissociate, disunite, dividere, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: absolute divorce, alimony, annulment of
divorce, fractionize, fragment, halve, part, partition, sec- marriage, comparative rectitude, custody of children, decree
tion, sectionalize, segment, segregate, separare, separate, for divorce, divisible divorce, divorce action, divorce pro-
sever, split, sunder, tear, unbind, uncouple ceeding, divorce suit, foreign divorce, grounds for divorce,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: divide and distribute, divided accord- judgment of divorce, legal separation, limited divorce
ing to law, divided court, divided equally, divided share
and share alike DIVORCE, verb annul, annul a marriage, detach, dis-
join, dissociate, dissolve of the bonds of matrimony, dis-
DIVIDEND, noun advantage, allotment, benefit, distri- solve the marriage of, disunite, legally discard a spouse,
bution of earnings, distribution of profits, gain, increment, nullify a marriage, part, put asunder, put out of matrimony,
interest, net profit, profit, return, share put out of wedlock, release from matrimonial status, re-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: cumulative dividends, dividend accu- lease from matrimony, release from wedlock, sever, split
mulations, dividend additions, dividend earned or declared, up, sunder, uncouple, unmarry, unyoke
dividend in liquidation, dividend in scrip, dividend payable ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: separation
in stock, dividend-paying corporation, dividends paid, guar-
anteed dividends, life insurance dividend, liquidation divi- DIVULGATION, noun disclosure, dissemination, di-
dend, participating dividend, preferential dividend, pre- vulgement, divulgence, evulgation, making public, procla-
ferred dividend, regular dividend, stock dividend, taxable mation, promulgation, spreading abroad
dividend, unauthorized dividends, unpaid dividends
DIVULGE, verb acquaint, advertise, air, apprise, bare,
DIVISIBLE, adjective apportionable, bisectable, break- blurt out, break news, breathe, bring to light, broadcast,
able, capable of being divided, cleavable, detachable, dis- communicate, confide, disclose, divulgate, enlighten,
connectable, dissectible, disseverable, dividable, dividual, evince, expose, impart, inform, lay bare, lay open, leak, let
fissile, fissionable, partible, scissile, separable, severable, drop, let slip, make known, make public, manifest, noise
subdivisible, susceptible of apportionment, susceptible of abroad, proclaim, promulgate, publicize, publish, relate,
division, tearable report, reveal, spread abroad, squeal, tattle, tell, unbosom,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: divisible contract, divisible covenant, uncover, unmask, unveil, voice
divisible divorce, divisible guaranty, divisible offense ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: divulge or publish

DIVISION (Act of dividing), noun allocation, allotment, DNA, noun authentication, certification, confirmation of
apportionment, breaking, breakup, cleavage, cut, cutting, identity, proof of identity, scientific evidence, scientific
departmentalization, detachment, disaccord, disagree- means of designation, scientific means of identity, scientific
ment, disassociation, disbandment, disconnection, discord, means to distinguish a person, scientific method to reveal
disengagement, disharmony, disjunction, disjuncture, dis- identity, substantiation, validation of identity, verification of
memberment, dispersal, dispersion, dissemination, dissen- identity, deoxyribonucleic acid
sion, disseverance, dissipation, dissociation, dissonance, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: appeal of a case, DNA fingerprint,
distribution, disunion, disuniting, disunity, divisio, divorce, DNA polymerase, forensics, overturning a case, reversal of
faction, noncooperation, opposition, parceling, parting, a case
partitio, partition, portioning, rationing, schism, scission,
section, segmentation, segregation, sejunction, separation, DNA SAMPLING, noun Combined DNA Index System
severance, sharing, split, splitting, spread, sunderance, (CODIS), compiling DNA, DNA evidence, DNA profiling,
tearing, uncoupling, untying using a reference sample with DNA

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DO, verb accomplish, achieve, act, actualize, arrange, belief, medium of proof, proof, record, recorded material,
attain, bring about, carry into effect, commit, complete, reference, source, substantiation, support, supporting evi-
create, determine, discharge, effect, effectuate, end, exe- dence, validation, verification
cute, finish, follow through, fulfill, implement, interpret,
make, make happen, negotiate, occur, operate, perform, DOCUMENTS, noun case history, chronicle, credentials,
pull off, realize, render, solve, succeed, transact, transpose, data, documentation, evidence, exhibits, file, instruments,
undertake, wind up, work, wrap up legal instruments, manuscript, moving papers, official writ-
ing, papers
DOCKET, noun agenda, calendar, catalog, entry book, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: ancient documents, attorney-client
enumeration, list, list of cases, listing, order of the day, privilege, attorney’s work product, documentary evidence,
program, record, record of proceedings, register, registry, production of documents, public documents, subpoena,
roll, schedule, slate traditional documents
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bench docket, court docket, docket
book, docket entry, docketing a judgment, docketing cases DOGMA, noun article of faith, axiom, belief, canon,
conviction, credendum, credo, creed, declaration of faith,
DOCTOR-ASSISTED SUICIDE, noun active euthanasia, dictum, doctrinaire opinion, doctrine, dogma, doxy,
euthanasia, medically assisted suicide, mercy killing, maxim, orthodoxy, persuasion, placitum, precept, princi-
physician-assisted suicide ple, professed belief, rule, tenet
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: passive euthanasia
DOGMATIC, adjective absolute, arrogant, assertive, as-
DOCTRINE, noun belief, canon, credendum, credo, sertory, assured, authoritarian, authoritative, canonical, cat-
creed, dogma, formulated belief, gospel, maxim, ortho- egorical, certain, confident, creedal, decided, definite, de-
doxy, philosophy, precept, principle, professed belief, rule, finitive, dictatorial, doctrinaire, doctrinal, domineering,
system, system of belief, teaching, teachings, tenet, univer- emphatic, fanatical, forceful, imperious, insistent, intolerant,
sal principle magisterial, narrow-minded, opinionated, opinionative, or-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: added risk doctrine, avoidable conse- thodox, overbearing, pedantic, peremptory, positive, posi-
quences doctrine, beneficial consideration doctrine, collat- tivistic, sure, tenacious, unequivocal, unshakable, unyielding
eral source doctrine, cy pres doctrine, de facto doctrine,
doctrine of abstention, doctrine of assumed risk, doctrine of DOLE, verb admeasure, allocate, allot, allow, appor-
avoidable consequences, doctrine of last clear chance, doc- tion, appropriate, assign, award, bestow, contribute, deal,
trine of recrimination, doctrine of relation back, doctrine of deliver, dispense, distribute, divide, furnish, give, give
res judicata, doctrine of subrogation, doctrine of the law of away, give out, grant, hand out, hand over, issue, measure
the case, doctrine of unclean hands, doctrine of unjust en- out, mete, mete out, parcel out, pay out, portion, present,
richment, emergency doctrine, exclusive control doctrine, ration, share, spare, supply
exhaustion of remedies doctrine, humanitarian doctrine,
imminent peril doctrine, last clear chance, main purpose DOMAIN (Land owned), noun alodium, demesne, es-
doctrine, res ipsa loquitur doctrine, rescue doctrine tate, freehold, hereditament, holding, land, manor, posses-
sion, property, real estate, real property, realty, seigniory,
DOCUMENT, noun book, certificate, confirmation, di- tenure
ploma, evidence, evidentiary record, instrument, instru- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: eminent domain
mentum, litterae, official publication, paper, proof, record,
recorded material, register, report, tabula, verification, writ, DOMAIN (Sphere of influence), noun bailiwick, depart-
written material ment, dominion, jurisdiction, kingdom, province, realm,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: allograph, ancient documents, cancella- region, seigniory, territory
tion of document, document of a public nature, document of ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: private domain, public domain
title, integrated document, legal documents, public document
DOMESTIC (Household), adjective belonging to the
DOCUMENT, verb assemble the facts, authenticate, house, domiciliary, family, home, homemaking, household,
back, bear out, buttress, circumstantiate, collect evidence, housekeeping, internal, pertaining to one’s household,
confirm, corroborate, demonstrate, establish, evidence, pertaining to the family, pertaining to the home, relating to
exhibit, fortify, give references, justify, make certain, make the family, relating to the home
evident, manifest, prove, provide with documents, provide ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: domestic animals, domestic duties,
with proof, show, strengthen, substantiate, support, sus- domestic employment, domestic fixtures, domestic pur-
tain, uphold, validate, verify poses, domestic relations, domestic servants, domestic
service, domestic status, domestic use
DOCUMENTARY, adjective accredited, accurate, ac-
tual, attested, authentic, authoritative, certified, chronicled, DOMESTIC (Indigenous), adjective endemic, home,
correct, described, documental, documented, evidential, homemade, local, national, native, native grown, not for-
factual, founded on fact, genuine, in writing, not fictitious, eign, not imported
on record, real, recorded, reported, true, valid, veracious, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: domestic commerce, domestic cor-
veritable, written poration, domestic judgment
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: defense based upon documentary
evidence, documentary evidence, documentary stamp DOMICILE, noun abiding place, abode, accommoda-
tions, address, billet, domicilium, domus, dwelling, habi-
DOCUMENTATION, noun annals, authentication, au- tance, habitancy, habitat, habitation, home, house, inhabit-
thority, basis, certification, circumstantiation, confirmation, ance, inhabitancy, living quarters, lodging, lodgment, place
corroboration, data, evidence, evidential record, eviden- of occupancy, place of residence, quarters, residence, resi-
tiary record, exhibit, factual basis, grounds, grounds for dency, tabernacle

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ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: abandonment of domicile, acquisition dotation, endowment, gift, grant, gratuity, handout, imparta-
of domicile, bona fide domicile, change of domicile, de tion, impartment, largess, munificence, offering, philan-
facto domicile, family domicile, legal domicile, matrimonial thropy, present, presentation, provision, subsidy, subvention
domicile, plural domiciles ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: charitable donation, donation causa
FOREIGN PHRASES: Uxor sequitur domicilium viri. The wife mortis, donation deed, donation of land, gratuitous dona-
follows the domicile of her husband. Domus sua cuique tion, special donation
est tutissimum refugium. Everyone’s home is his safest
refuge. DONATIVE, adjective aiding, awarding, beneficent, be-
nevolent, bestowing, bountiful, charitable, conferring, con-
DOMICILIARY, noun citizen, denizen, dweller, habitant, tributing, contributory, conveying, dispensing, eleemosy-
indweller, inhabitant, inhabiter, native, occupant, occupier, nary, endowing, freehanded, furnishing, generous, given
resident, settler away, giving, granting, gratuitous, imparting, openhanded,
philanthropic, presenting, providing, supplying
DOMINANCE, noun ascendance, ascendancy, author- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: donative intent, donative trust
ity, control, dominancy, domination, dominion, eminence,
force, governance, hold, importance, influence, mastery, DONEE, noun acceptor, beneficiary, devisee, grantee,
mightiness, power, predominance, predominancy, prepol- legatee, recipient
lence, prepollency, preponderance, prepotency, primacy,
sovereignty, supremacy, sway, weight DONOR, noun aider, almsgiver, altruist, assignor, backer,
benefactor, benefactress, bequeather, bestower, cheerful giver,
DOMINANT, adjective ascendant, authoritative, cardi- conferrer, consignor, contributor, deliverer, devisor, distributor
nal, chief, commanding, controlling, eminent, first, fore- of largess, donator, free giver, generous giver, giver, Good
most, governing, hegemonical, influential, leading, main, Samaritan, grantor, helper, humanitarian, patron, patroness,
master, overshadowing, paramount, predominant, pre- philanthropist, presenter, rewarder, subscriber, vouchsafer
dominating, preeminent, preponderant, prepotent, prevail- FOREIGN PHRASES: Voluntas donatoris in charta doni sui
ing, prevalent, primary, prime, principal, regnant, ruling, manifeste expressa observetur. The will of the donor which
sovereign, superior, supreme, unsurpassed, weighty is clearly expressed in his deed of gift should be observed.
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: dominant aspect rule, dominant es-
tate, dominant land, dominant party, dominant right, DORMANT, adjective abeyant, asleep, at rest, be-
dominant tenant, serviant land calmed, deactivated, hibernating, iacere, in abeyance, in
suspense, inactive, inert, inoperative, latent, passive, quies-
DOMINATE, verb administer, carry authority, com- cent, quiet, resting, sleeping, slumbering, smoldering,
mand, compel, control, dictate, domineer, govern, have static, still, suspended, torpid, unaroused, unawakened,
power, hold down, influence, keep subjugated, lead, man- undeveloped, unwakened
age, master, oppress, overrule, predominate, preponder- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: dormant case, dormant corporation,
ate, preside over, prevail, reign over, repress, rule, rule dormant judgment, dormant partner, dormant powers,
over, subdue, subject, subjugate, sway, tame, tyrannize dormant season

DOMINATION, noun administration, ascendancy, au- DOSSIER, noun archive, brief, case history, data, docu-
thority, command, control, dictation, dictatorship, dominance, ment, documentation, facts, file, journal, papers, portfolio,
dominion, force, hegemony, hold, influence, jurisdiction, mas- record, recorded information, recorded material, résumé
tery, monopoly, oppression, potency, power, predominance,
preponderance, prevalence, primacy, reign, rule, sovereignty, DOUBLE, noun alterego, carbon copy, clone, copy,
superiority, supremacy, suzerainty, transcendence counterpart, duplicate, duplication, facsimile, imitation,
likeness, look-alike, match, mimic, mirror image, picture,
DOMINION (Absolute ownership), noun claim, con- replica, spitting image, twin
trol, deed, demesne, domain, freehold, holding, interest,
lawful possession, manor, ownership, possession, possess- DOUBLE DEALING, noun artfulness, bad faith, cheating,
orship, power of disposal, property, proprietorship, right, chicanery, covertness, cozenage, craft, craftiness, crooked-
right of possession, right to property, rightful possession, ness, cunning, deceit, deception, deviousness, dishonesty,
seignorage, seisin, stake, territory, title dissimulation, duplicity, equivocation, fakery, falsehood,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: act of dominion forgery, guile, guilefulness, lie, mendacity, mountebankery,
prevarication, sanctimoniousness, secrecy, shadiness, sly-
DOMINION (Supreme authority), noun ascendancy, ness, sneakiness, treacherousness, treachery, trickery, un-
authority, command, control, dicio, dominance, domi- scrupulousness, untrustworthiness, untruth, wile, wiliness
nancy, domination, eminent domain, empery, government,
grip, hegemony, hold, imperium, jurisdiction, lordship, DOUBLE JEOPARDY, noun double prosecution, dou-
management, mastery, potestas, power, primacy, regency, ble punishment, recharged, relitigated, reprosecuted, re-
reign, rule, sovereignty, supremacy, sway tried, tried for the same crime

DONATE, verb accord, administer, aid, assist, award, DOUBT (Indecision), noun ambiguity, anxiety, appre-
bequeath, bestow, comp, confer, contribute, devote, dis- hension, apprehensiveness, confusion, dubitatio, dubito,
pense, endow, endue, favor, furnish, gift, give, give away, faltering, feeling of uncertainty, hesitancy, improbability,
grant, help, impart, lavish, mete out, pay, present, proffer, inability to decide, incertitude, indefiniteness, indetermi-
provide, provide as a courtesy, render, tender, volunteer nateness, indetermination, infirmity of purpose, insecurity,
instability, irresolution, lack of certitude, lack of confidence,
DONATION, noun alms, benefaction, bequest, bestow- lack of conviction, lack of faith, matter of dubitation,
ment, bounty, charity, contribution, dispensation, donum, misgiving, perplexity, precariousness, qualification, qualm,

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qualmishness, quandary, question, reluctance, reservation, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: doubtful cases, doubtful credit, doubt-
reserve, self-doubt, state of suspense, suspended judg- ful debts, doubtful title
ment, suspense, uncertain state, uncertainness, uncertainty,
undecidedness, undeterminedness, unsettled opinion, un- DOUBTING, adjective cynical, disbelieving, disputable,
settlement, unsteadiness, unsureness, vacillation, vague- distrustful, doubtful, dubious, hesitant, inconvincible, in-
ness, want of confidence, want of faith, wavering credulous, indecisive, irresolute, jealous, leery, misbeliev-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: beyond a reasonable doubt standard, ing, mistrustful, mistrusting, questioning, skeptical, suspi-
rational doubt, reasonable doubt cious, uncertain, unconvinced, undetermined, unresolved,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Nobiliores et benigniores praesumptio- unsure, vacillating, wary
nes in dubiis sunt praeferendae. In doubtful cases the
more generous and more benign presumptions are to be DOWER, noun allotment, allowance, appanage, award,
preferred. Ambiguitas verborum latens verificatione bequest, bestowal, bestowment, dos, dotation, effects,
suppletur; nam quod ex facto oritur ambiguum verifi- endowment, estate, inheritance, jointure, legacy, remain-
catione facti tollitur. A latent verbal ambiguity may be der, settlement, widow’s estate, widow’s portion
removed by evidence; for whatever ambiguity arises from ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: consummated right of dower, cur-
an extrinsic fact may be explained by extrinsic evidence. tesy, dower interest, dower right, election of dower, es-
Quae dubitationis tollendae causa contractibus inse- tate in dower, inchoate right of dower, right of dower,
runtur, jus commune non laedunt. Those clauses which widow’s dower
are inserted in agreements to avoid doubts and ambiguity FOREIGN PHRASES: Favorabilia in lege sunt fiscus, dos, vita,
do not offend the common law. libertas. Favorites of the law are the treasury, dower, life,
and liberty.
DOUBT (Suspicion), noun apprehension, chariness, con-
sternation, critical attitude, disbelief, discredit, dismay, distrust, DOWN (Dejected), adjective depressed, despondent,
distrustfulness, doubtfulness, dubiety, dubiousness, dubitation, disconsolate, discouraged, downcast, gloomy, glum, som-
faithlessness, hesitation, improbability, incredibility, incredu- ber sorrowful, sullen, unhappy, upset, weary
lity, incredulousness, lack of confidence, lack of faith, lack of ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: capacity, incompetency, mental illness,
trust, matter of dubitation, misdoubt, misgiving, mistrust,
mistrustfulness, qualm, qualmishness, question in one’s DOWN (Lowest point), adjective below, beneath, de-
mind, refusal to believe, reluctance to believe, skepticalness, pressed, far below, lower, lowest, rock-bottom, under, un-
skepticism, suspicio, suspiciousness, unbelief, uncredulous- derground, underneath
ness, want of confidence, want of faith, want of trust, wariness ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: interest rates down, trip and fall, slip
and fall
DOUBT (Distrust), verb awake a suspicion, be appre-
hensive, be doubtful, be dubious, be incredulous, be ner- DOWN PAYMENT, noun collateral, deposit, install-
vous, be skeptical, be suspicious, be uncertain, challenge, ment, payment, retainer, stake, surety
disbelieve, discredit, dispute, entertain doubts, entertain
suspicions, feel distrust, find hard to believe, give no cre- DOWNFALL, noun abasement, adversity, breakdown,
dence to, greet with skepticism, half believe, harbor calamity, casualty, cataclysm, catastrophe, collapse, deba-
doubts, harbor suspicions, have doubts, have fears, have cle, decline, defeat, demotion, destruction, disaster, dis-
misgivings, have questions, have suspicions, impugn, lack grace, failure, fall, fatality, humiliation, miscarriage, misfor-
confidence in, misbelieve, misdoubt, misgive, mistrust, not tune, perdition, prostration, reverse, ruin, ruination,
admit, not believe, object, query, question, raise a ques- setback, slump, undoing
tion, raise a suspicion, refuse to believe, refuse to trust,
regard with suspicion, suspect, withhold reliance DOWNGRADE, verb debase, decline, deduct, deflate,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: doubt the credibility of a witness defrock, degrade, demote, depreciate, deprive, deterio-
rate, discredit, disgrace, disparage, humiliate, mock, pil-
DOUBT (Hesitate), verb be in a quandary, be irresolute, lory, reduce, supersede, suspend, unfrock
be puzzled, be uncertain, be undecided, be undetermined,
debate, delay, deliberate, demur, dubitate, equivocate, fal- DOXOLOGY, noun adulation, compliment, glorification,
ter, feel unsure, fluctuate, have qualms, have reservations, hero worship, idolatry, laudation, overpraise, paean, praise
hold off, pause, ponder, push aside, put off a decision,
puzzle over, scruple, stop to consider, table, think it over, DRACONIAN, adjective austere, exacting, extreme,
vacillate, waver, withhold judgment fanatical, formalistic, harsh, inflexible, insensitive, intoler-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: beyond a reasonable doubt, beyond ant, precise, punctilious, puritanical, relentless, rigid, rigor-
a shadow of a doubt, free from all doubt ous, ruthless, severe, Spartan, stiff, strict, stringent, un-
bending, uncompassionate, uncompromising
DOUBTFUL, adjective arguable, at issue, conditional, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: Draconian laws
conjectural, contestable, controvertible, debatable, disbeliev-
ing, disposed to question, disputable, distrustful, doubtable, DRAFT, noun acceptance bill, bank check, bank note,
doubting, dubious, dubitable, dubius, equivocal, implausible, bank paper, bill, bill of exchange, cashier’s check, check, com-
improbable, in a dilemma, in a quandary, in dispute, in doubt, mercial paper, debenture, letter of credit, lettre de change,
in question, in suspense, inconceivable, inconvincible, incred- money order, negotiable instrument, negotiable paper, note,
ible, indecisive, indistinct in character or meaning, irresolute, order, order for payment, promissory note, voucher, warrant
misbelieving, mistrustful, mistrusting, of uncertain issue, open ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bill of exchange, check, overdraft,
to doubt, open to question, open to suspicion, problematic, sight draft
questionable, questioning, speculative, suppositional, unbe-
lievable, unconvincing, unlikely, unresolved, unsettled in DRAFT A BRIEF, noun draft a synopsis of the salient
opinion, unsolved, unsure, unsustainable, untenable legal points, draft support for the position espoused, pen

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an explanation of the law, prepare a legal document, fervor, frenzy, hunger, industriousness, initiative, intensity,
prepare a summary on the law, prepare justification, keenness, mission, ownership, passion, push, undertaking,
write a legal memorandum, write a memorandum of law yearning, yen, zeal

DRAFT A DOCUMENT, noun complete a contract, com- DRIVE (Travel), verb commute, cruise, errand, excur-
plete an agreement, finish an instrument, prepare a nego- sion, expedition, flight, hop, jaunt, journey, journey by car,
tiable instrument, prepare materials, write an instrument junket, outing, passage, peregrination, progress, quest,
ramble, ride, sail, spin, tour, transportation, travels, trek,
DRAFT A WILL, noun pen a testamentary instrument, trip, voyage
prepare a last will and testament, prepare a testamentary
document, prepare a will for a testator, write a testamen- DROIT, noun appurtenance, authority, authorization,
tary disposition birthright, certification, claim, due, dueness, easement, eli-
gibility, empowerment, entitlement, faculty, franchise, just
DRAMATIC RIGHTS, noun dramatizing rights, live stage claim, legal power, legal right, legal title, license, licitness,
rights, performance rights, stage presentation rights, stage power, prerogative, prescriptive right, pretension, privi-
rights, theatrical rights lege, right, sanction, vested right, warrant
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: right
DRAMATICALLY OPPOSED, verb about face, adoption,
afterthoughts, change like a chameleon, change of heart, DROP, verb abandon, abate, check, decline, desert, di-
change of mind, conversion, defection, divergence, diver- minish, discard, discontinue, disregard, fade, flag, forbear,
sion, flip-flop, 180-degree about face, qualification, realign- forget, forgo, forsake, give up, ignore, inhibit, jettison, ma-
ment, regression, restructuring, reversal, reversion, tempo- roon, neglect, quit, recede, relent, relinquish, remit, re-
rizer, tergiversation, turn of the tide, turnabout nounce, restrain, scrap, shed, slacken, stop, subside, surren-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: flip-flop on a political stance der, taper, taper off, throw away, vacate, vanish, wane, yield
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: drop a case
DRASTIC, adjective acting with force, desperate, dire,
exceeding, excessive, extreme, fanatic, fanatical, forceful, DROP A CASE, verb bring to a close a case, bring to an
harsh, immoderate, improper, inordinate, intemperate, in- end a case, cancel an action, cause a discontinuance, cease
tense, outrageous, powerful, radical, severe, strict, strong, litigation by a plaintiff, conclude litigation by a plaintiff, dis-
undue, unmitigated, unreasonable, vigorously effective, continue an action, end prosecutor by a prosecutor, stop liti-
violent gating by a plaintiff, stop prosecuting by a prosecutor, termi-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: drastic remedy, extraordinary remedy nate a case by a plaintiff, terminate a case by a prosecutor

DRAW (Attendance), noun frequence, level of attendance DRUG, noun alterant, analgesic, anesthetic, anesthetic
agent, anodyne, antibiotic, chemical substance, curative
DRAW (Attraction), noun attractiveness, enticement, preparation, medical preparation, medicament, medica-
force, gravity, influence, magnetism, pull mentum, medication, medicinal component, medicinal
ingredient, narcotic preparation, narcotic substance, ne-
DRAW (Tie), noun dead heat, deadlock, impasse, stale- penthe, opiate, painkiller, palliative, physic, prescription,
mate, standoff remedy, sedative, soporific, stimulant, stupefacient
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: adulterated drugs, dangerous drugs,
DRAW (Depict), verb delineate, describe, picture, por- drug addiction, habit-forming drug, influence of drugs, la-
tray, represent, sketch beling of drugs, poisonous drugs or chemicals, possession
of drugs, preparation of drugs, prescription drugs, regula-
DRAW (Extract), verb concentrate, condense, derive, tion of drugs, sale of drugs
pull, receive
DRUG, verb administer, anesthetize, anoint, apply a
DRAW THE LINE, noun ascertained boundary, bound, remedy, benumb, cure, deaden, desensitize, dose, dull,
boundary, delineate the boundary, determination, fix the heal, inject, medicare, medicate, narcotize, numb, palliate,
boundary, fix the guideline, guideline, limit, limitation, physic, poultice, prescribe, put to sleep, stun, stupefy, treat
outer limit, outer perimeter, perimeter, prescribed limit, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: drug addicts
prescribed limitation, restriction, set the parameter
DRUNK, adjective ebrius, inebriated, intemperate, in-
DRAWBACK, noun damage, decremental, defect, dis- toxicated, overcome, overcome by liquor, riotous, satu-
advantage, discount, fault, flaw, harm, hurt, impediment, rated, sottish, temulentus, uncontrolled, under the influ-
inconvenience, injury, liability, objection, obstacle, preju- ence of liquor, unsober
dice, protest, protestation, qualification, set-off ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: alcoholism, delirium tremens, driving
while intoxicated, drunkometer test, intoxication, voluntary
DRIVE (Cause), noun action, activity, charitable cause, intoxication
charitable effort, charity, commitment to a cause, contribu-
tion to promote a cause, crusade, dedicated effort for a DUBIOUS, adjective ambiguous, anceps, arguable,
charitable effort, enterprise, fund-raising, initiative, maneu- chancy, conditional, confusing, confutable, contestable, con-
ver, march, mission, movement, organization, persever- tingent, controversial, controvertible, debatable, depen-
ance for a cause, project, pursuit, push, undertaking dent, disputable, doubtful, dubitative, dubius, equivocal,
fallible, hazy, in dispute, in doubt, in question, incertus, in-
DRIVE (Effort), noun animation, appetency, appetite, secure, moot, perplexing, provisional, questionable, refut-
application, ardor, avidity, caring, commitment, desire, able, shadowy, skeptical, speculative, suppositional, unas-
devotion, emotionalism, energy, enterprise, enthusiasm, certained, unassured, unauthentic, unauthenticated,

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unauthoritative, uncertain, uncertified, unconfident, uncon- DULY, adverb accurately, as required, correctly, deserv-
firmed, undemonstrated, undetermined, unexplained, un- edly, fairly, legitimately, rightfully
likely, unreliable, unresolved, unsound, unsure, unverifiable, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: duly adjudged, duly allowed, duly ap-
vacillating, vague, wavering pointed, duly assigned, duly awarded, duly certified, duly
commenced, duly commissioned, duly completed, duly
DUBITATIVE, adjective contestable, controversial, con- convened, duly directed, duly enacted, duly entered into,
trovertible, deniable, disputable, doubtable, doubtful, dubi- duly established, duly executed, duly filled, duly found,
ous, dubitable, in doubt, open to question, questionable, duly given, duly issued, duly made, duly organized, duly
refutable, suspect, unsustainable presented, duly prosecuted, duly qualified, duly recorded,
duly rendered, duly served, duly shown, duly summoned,
DUE (Owed), adjective chargeable, claimable, collect- duly sworn, duly verified
able, condign, debitus, delinquent, deserved, earned, in
arrears, merited, outstanding, owing, to be paid, uncom- DUN, noun bill of accounts, bill of costs, claim, demand,
pensated, unpaid, unrewarded, unsettled entreaty, exaction, final demand, final notice, forcible de-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: amount due, balance due, debt due, mand, fuscus, impetration, importunity, insistence, insis-
due bills, due date, due on demand, indebtedness due, tent demand, levy, notice, obsecration, obtestation, pe-
justly due and owing, legally due, money due, payment remptory demand, reckoning, request, requisition,
due, rent due, taxes due solicitation, statement, strong request, suffuscus, threat,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Nihil peti potest ante id tempus, quo per ultimatum, warning notice
rerum naturam persolvi possit. Nothing can be de-
manded before the time when, in the nature of things, it DUN, verb beseige, beset, clamor for payment, demand,
can be paid. demand payment, demand with threats, exact, exposcere,
flagitare, give final notice, importune, insist, make claims
DUE (Regular), adjective according to law, allowable, upon, make demands on, plague, press a claim, request,
appropriate, authorized, befitting, correct, expedient, fit, require
lawful, legal, legislated, legitimate, licit, nomothetic, per-
mitted, proper, rightful, sanctioned, statutory DUPE, verb befool, beguile, bilk, cheat, circumvent,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: due acknowledgment, due admin- counterfeit, cozen, create a false impression, cully, deceive,
istration of justice, due and proper care, due and reason- defraud, delude, ensnare, entrap, fleece, fool, gull, hoax,
able care, due care, due compensation, due consider- inveigle, lactare, make a fool of, misdirect, misguide, mis-
ation, due course, due course of business, due course of lead, mulct, outmaneuver, outsmart, outwit, play a trick,
law, due diligence, due execution, due exercise of discre- play upon, practice chicanery, put something over, set a
tion, due process of law, due proof, due proof of death, trap for, sport with, swindle, take advantage of, take by
due proof of loss, due regard, holder in due course fraud, take in, trap, trick, victimize

DUE, noun accounts collectable, accounts outstanding, DUPLICATE, noun carbon, carbon copy, copy, ditto,
arrears, balance to pay, charge, claim, compensation owed, double, ectype, exemplar, exemplum, facsimile, gemina-
deberi, debit, debt, deficit, droit, entitlement, favor owed, tion, imitation, likeness, match, photostat, reenactment,
fee, indebtedness, lawful claim, liability, obligation accrued, repetition, replica, representation, reproduction, twin
outstanding debt, overdue payment, pledge, right, some- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: duplicate copy, duplicate original
thing owed, that which is owing, vested right
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: due and payable, due in full, due on DUPLICATION, noun approximation, carbon copy,
demand, having become due, payable upon sight clone, copy, counterfeit, counterpart, dead ringer, double,
dupe, duplicate, extra, facsimile, fake, forgery, imitation,
DUE DATE, noun absolute outside date due, appointed impression, likeness, look-alike, match, mirror, mock, print,
hour, bottom line, boundary line, crunch time, cutoff, cutoff redundancy, replica, replication, reproduction, reserve,
point, deadline, drop dead outside date, exact date due, semblance, sham, spare, spitting image, twin, version
limit, limitation, maximum, pivotal moment, precise date
due, restriction, specific time due, submission date, time DUPLICITY, noun artifice, casuistry, chicanery, deceit-
due, time limit, zero hour fulness, deception, dissimulation, double-dealing, duality,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: appearance date, return date duplexity, equivocation, evasion, false conduct, falseheart-
edness, falseness, fraud, guile, hypocrisy, insincerity, per-
DUE PROCESS, noun due process of law, legal fair- fidy, sham, trickery, two-facedness
ness, legal safeguards, protection against deprivations,
protection guarantees, protection of deprivation of ac- DURABLE, adjective abiding, aeonian, ageless, ama-
cepted legal principles ranthine, ceaseless, changeless, chronic, constant, con-
Generally: fundamental fairness tinual, continuing, endless, enduring, established, eter-
Specifically: Fifth Amendment, Fourteenth Amendment nal, everlasting, firm, firmus, fixed, hard, hardy, holding
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: procedural due process, right to con- up well, immortal, immovable, immutable, imperishable,
front accuser, substantive due process impervious to change, incessant, indeciduous, indelible,
ineradicable, inerasable, inexhaustible, inexpungeable,
DULL, adjective arid, blank, blunt, colorless, desolate, interminable, intransmutable, invariable, inveterate, invio-
dispiriting, drab, dreary, dry, flat, gloomy, glum, insipid, late, irremovable, lasting, lifelong, living, long-continuing,
jejune, languid, leaden, lumbering, lusterless, monotonous, long-enduring, long-lasting, long-lived, long standing, lon-
numbing, obtuse, palling, pedantic, pedestrian, ponderous, gevous, maintained, never-ending, not easily worn out, of
prosaic, retiring, soggy, somber, spiritless, stale, sterile, long duration, of long standing, perdurable, permanent,
subdued, sullen, tedious, unexciting, uninteresting, un- perpetual, persevering, persistent, persisting, remaining,
spectacular, vapid, wearisome resistant, robust, rocklike, sempiternal, settled, solidus,

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sound, stabilis, stable, staying, steadfast, strong, sturdy, day’s work within that day. Judicis est judicare secundum
substantial, surviving, sustained, tenacious, timeless, allegata et probata. It is the duty of a judge to decide ac-
tough, unaltered, unceasing, unchangeable, undying, un- cording to the allegations and proofs.
ending, unfading, unfailing, unintermitting, uninterrupted,
unyielding, without end DUTY (Tax), noun assessment, burden, capitation,
charge, exaction, exactment, excise, imposition, impost,
DURANCE, noun arrest, bondage, bonds, captivity, levy, onus, rate, revenue, tallage, tariff, task, tax on de-
commitment, confinement, custody, detention, forced con- mand, taxation, toll, tribute, vectigal
finement, forcible detention, immurement, incarceration, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: duty on exports, duty on imports
internment, legal restraint, lettre de cachet, quarantine, re-
straint, restriction on movement, thrall, thralldom DWARF, verb control, dominate, minimize, over-
shadow, rise above, stunt, tower over
DURATION, noun age, continuance, continuance in ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: federal government’s laws dwarfing
time, continuation in time, course, epoch, era, extension in state laws, supremacy clause
time, extent, interregnum, interval, lasting period, length
of time, limit, period, period of time, phase, season, space DWELL (Linger over), verb accent, accentuate, brood
of time, span, spell, stage, stretch, temporis spatium, ten- over, continue, emphasize, extend, harp upon, impress, in
ancy, tenure, term, time, while re commorari, insist, intensify, point up, prolong, prolon-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: duration of any office, duration of con- gate, reiterate, rem longius prosequi, stress
tract, duration of emergency, duration of liability, duration
of possession, duration of use, duration of war DWELL (Reside), verb abide, be located, be present, be
settled, be situated, be stationed, billet, bunk, denizen,
DURESS, noun bondage, captivity, coaction, coercion, domicile, domiciliate, domicilium, habere, habitare, have a
compulsion, confinement, constraint, control, dominance, habitation, have one’s address at, indwell, inhabit, live,
enforcement, exaction, force, high pressure, impressment, lodge, make one’s home, occupy, populate, quarter, re-
necessitation, obligation, press, pressure, repression, re- main, reside, room, settle, sojourn, stay, stop, take up
quirement, restriction, stress, subjection, subjugation, threat one’s abode, take up residence, tarry, tenant
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: actionable duress, business compul- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: citizenship
sion, defense of duress, duress of goods, duress of prop-
erty, legal duress, moral duress, payment under duress, DWELLING, noun abode, camp, domicile, domicil-
undue influence ium, domus, dormitory, edifice, habitation, homestead,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Vani timores sunt aestimandi, qui non house, living quarters, lodging, lodging place, lodg-
cadunt in constantem virum. Those fears are to be re- ment, place of residence, quarters, residence, sedes,
garded as groundless which do not affect an ordinary man. shelter, tabernacle
Nihil consensui tam contrarium est quam vis atque ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: dwelling house purposes, inhabited
metus. Nothing is so contrary to consent as force and fear. dwelling house, multiple dwelling, principal dwelling
Vani timoris justa excusatio non est. A frivolous fear is place, private dwelling
not a lawful excuse.
DYNAMIC, adjective animated, assertive, athletic, char-
DURING, preposition all along, all the while, as, at the ismatic, delightful, electric, electrifying, energetic, enliv-
same time as, at the time, for the time being, in the course ened, enterprising, excellent, exceptional, exciting, forceful,
of, in the interim, in the meanwhile, in the middle of, mean- hearty, impelling, impressive, incredible, intense, kinetic,
while, through, throughout, throughout the course, through- lively, magnetic, masterful, peppy, potent, powerful,
out the duration, when, while, while pending, while waiting power-packed, productive, progressive, puissant, punchy,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: during good behavior, during normal refreshed, rejuvenated, resounding, robust, spectacular,
work hours, during the heat of passion, during the trial spirited, strong, unambiguous, vehement, vigorous, vigor-
ously effective, vivacious, wonderful, wowing, zealous
DUTY (Obligation), noun accountability, allegiance,
answerability, assignment, burden, charge, chore, commis- DYNAMITE CHARGE, noun Allen charge, command to
sion, commitment, debt, dictate of conscience, engage- arrive at findings, dynamite admonition, dynamite instruc-
ment, fides, function, indebtedness, liability, moral neces- tion, order to arrive at findings, shotgun charge, shotgun
sity, moral obligation, munus, obedience, office, officium, instruction, third-degree charge
pledge, promise, responsibility, role, task, work
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: absolute duty, breach of duty, condi- DYNASTY (Descent), ancestors, ancestry, blood, blood-
tional duty, continuing duty, delegation of duty, duty en- line, brood, clan, class, classification, descendants, family
joined by law, duty of support, equitable duty, imperative tree, genealogy, generations, genre, group, heirs, in-laws,
duty, in performance of duty, in the line of duty, lawful kin, kind, kindred, line, lineage, network, offspring, origin,
duty, legal duty, ministerial duty, moral duty, neglect of parentage, pedigree, progeny, race, relations, relatives,
duty, nondelegatable duty, nondiscretionary duty, official siblings, stock, system, tribe
duty, on duty, private duty, public duty, relief from duty,
scope of servant’s duties, statutory duty, unfit for duty, vio- DYNASTY (Tradition), accepted tradition, acknowl-
lation of duty edged pedigree, administration, ancestry, custom, domin-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Qui jussu judicis aliquod fecerit non ion, empire, established tradition, line, regime, respected
videtur dolo malo fecisse, quia parere necesse est. He place, respected tradition, sovereignty, unique place, well-
who does anything by command of a judge will not be steeped tradition
deemed to have acted from an improper motive, because
it was necessary to obey. Judicis officium est opus diei in DYSEPTIC, adjective bilious, bitter, choleric, embit-
die suo perficere. It is the duty of a judge to finish the tered, jaundiced, sour, sour-tempered, spiteful

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EACH, adverb apart, exclusively, independently, indi- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: ability to earn, earned commissions,
vidually, particularly, per, per capita, personally, respec- earned income, earned premiums, earned surplus, earned
tively, separately, singly, specifically, uniquely, variously wages, a sum earned and unpaid
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: realleging prior facts
EARN OUT, verb bring to a zero balance, bring up to
EACH, pronoun each one, each other, every last one, date, defray the expenses, lend, loan, paid back, pay back
every one, individually, one, one after another, one and all, after an advance, repayment, used up
one another, one by one, the individual one, the particular Generally: indemnify, recoupment, reimburse, remit, remu-
one nerate
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: each ground of a complaint, joint and
several liability EARNEST, adjective assiduous, bent upon, concentrating,
conscientious, determined, devoted, diligent, eager, enixus,
EAGER, adjective agressive, alacritous, ambitious, anx- enthusiastic, fervent, firm, grave, gravis, impassioned, intent,
ious, appetent, ardent, aspiring, assiduous, athirst, avid, intentus, purposeful, resolute, serious, set upon, sincere,
avidus, bent upon, covetous, craving, desirous, diligent, sober, solemn, staid, strong-willed, thoughtful, zealous
disposed, earnest, enthusiastic, excited, fanatic, fanatical,
fervent, fervidus, forward, full of enterprise, full of enthusi- EARNEST MONEY, noun binder, collateral, collateral
asm, full of initiative, impassioned, impatient, inclined, in- security, deposit, down payment, earnest, earnest money
dustrious, intense, interested, keen, longing, passionate, deposit, earnest payment, earnest pledge, escrow funds,
perfervid, pushy, ravenous, ready, spirited, tantalized, front money, funds, good faith binder, good faith deposit,
tempted, unable to resist, vehement, voracious, willing, guarantee, installment, part payment, pledge, security, se-
wishful, yearning, zealous, zestful curity deposit, stake

EARLIER, adjective advance, ancient, antecedent, ante- EARNINGS, noun balance, commission, compensation,
rior, back, beforehand, budding, earliest, embryonic, erst- earned income, emolument, fruit of labor, gains, income,
while, first, foregoing, foremost, former, inaugural, initial, lucrum, money earned, pay, payment, personal gain, pro-
introductory, leading, maiden, original, pioneer, precedent, ceeds, profit, profits, profits from employment, quaestus,
preceding, preexisting, preliminary, previous, primal, prim- rate, receipts, recompense, remuneration, returns, reve-
itive, prior nue, reward, reward of labor, reward of office, salary, tak-
ings, wages, winnings
EARLY, adjective antecedent, earlier, first, former, in- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accrued earnings, annual earnings,
troductory, past, precedent, preceding, precursory, pre- corporate earnings, earning capacity, future earnings, gross
existent, prefatory, preliminary, preparatory, previous, earnings, individual earnings, loss of earnings, net earn-
seminal ings, profits, rents, surplus earnings, total earnings
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: early payment of principle
EASE, verb abate, alleviate, ameliorate, bate, calm,
EARMARK, noun brand, cachet, designation, distin- comfort, console, cushion, disburden, disencumber, ease
guishing mark, emblem, identification, indication, label, the burden, expedite, extenuate, facilitate, free from anxi-
mark, mark of identification, mark of identity, sign, symbol ety, give repose, give rest, help along, lessen, let up,
lighten, loosen, make comfortable, make easy, mitigate,
EARN, verb achieve, achieve by continued effort, ac- moderate, otium, pacify, quies, quiet, reduce tension, relax,
quire by service, attain, be deserving, be entitled to, be release from pressure, relieve, render less difficult, slacken,
successful, be worthy, clear, deserve, gain, gain by labor, soften, tranquillitas, unburden, unload, unstrain
gain by service, get a profit, get by effort, have a right to,
merere, merit, merit as compensation, net, obtain a victory, EASEMENT, noun advantage in land, convenience, gate-
procure by effort, profit, prosper, realize, reap, receive way, interest in land, liberty of use, privilege, right of pas-
compensation, secure, succeed in reaching, win sage, right of use, right of way, serviceway, way over land

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ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: affirmative easement, apparent ease- inusitatus, irregular, mirus, nonconforming, nonconformist,
ment, appurtenance, appurtenant easement, discontinuing novus, odd, out of the common run, out of the ordinary,
easement, dominant and servient estates, easement by grant, outlandish, peculiar, quaint, queer, singular, strange, un-
easement by necessary implication, easement by prescrip- common, unconforming, unconventional, unfashionable,
tion, easement in gross, easement of access, easement of unimitative, unique, unorthodox, unusual, wayward
convenience, easement of necessity, equitable easement,
implied easement, implied reservation of easement, incorpo- ECHO, verb copying, duplication, imitation, reecho,
real hereditament, incumbrance, intermittent easement, irre- reflect, repeat, repetition, resound, return, reverberate,
vocable license, license in nature of easement, natural ease- reverberation
ment, necessary easement, negative easement, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: a circuit court decision echoing an-
noncontinuous easement, prescription, private easement, other circuit of the U.S. Court of Appeals
profit a prendre, public easement, quasi easement, right of
way, right of way in gross, secondary easement, servitude, ECLIPSE, verb adumbrate, becloud, block, by far ex-
visible easement ceed, by far outweigh, cloak, cloud, conceal, cover, dwarf,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Iter est jus eundi, ambulandi hominis; enshroud, exceed, far exceed, far outweigh, hide, obfus-
non etiam jumentum agendi vel vehiculum. A way is the cate, overshadow, shade, shadow, surpass
right of going or walking by man, and does not include the
right of driving a beast of burden or a vehicle. ECOLOGY, noun antipollution project, bioecology, bio-
nomics, conservation, environmental science, environmen-
EASILY (By far), adverb beyond question, certainly, tal studies, human environment, maintenance, manage-
definitely, doubtlessly, easy, far and away, indisputably, ment of natural resources, natural science, nature study,
indubitably, naturally, obviously, unquestionably, without a pollution control, preservation, protection, study of ecosys-
doubt, without any question tems, study of environs, study of surroundings, support,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: claims easily preventable, laws easily survival studies, sustainment, sustenance
circumvented
ECONOMIC, adjective cost-effective, cost-reducing,
EASILY (Without trouble), adverb accessible, adroitly, economical, labor-saving, money-saving, time-saving,
apparent, dexterously, effortless, effortlessly, elementary, thrifty
facilely, handily, manageable, not burdensome, nothing to ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: economic activity, economic condi-
it, obvious, requiring no effort, simply, skillfully, smoothly, tions, economic depression, economic groups, economic
uncomplicated, undemanding, with ease, with no trouble factors, economic interest, economic policy, economic seg-
at all, without even trying regation, economic status, economic value

EASY (Effortless), adjective effortless, facile, not bur- ECONOMIC LIBERTIES, noun economic freedom, free
densome, not complicated, not difficult, push over, quick markets, freedom of economic initiative, open markets
and easy, simple, soft, straightforward, uncomplicated
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: easy access to the courts, simple contract ECONOMICAL, adjective attentus, avoiding extrava-
gance, careful, chary of expense, cheap, cost-reducing,
EASY (Lenient), adjective accommodating, benevolent, diligens, economizing, efficient, financially prudent, fore-
easy, forbearing, indulgent, lax, loose, permissive, pushover, handed, free from waste, frugal, frugi, inexpensive, labor-
relaxed, soft, unburdensome, undemanding, understanding, saving, money-conscious, money-saving, niggardly, parsi-
unexacting, unoppressive monious, provident, prudent, saving, sparing, thrifty,
time-saving, unlavish, unwasteful
EASY (Obvious), adjective apparent, axiomatic, clear,
distinct, evident, indisputable, manifest, obvious, plain, ECONOMY (Economic system), noun administration,
readily comprehensible, readily learnable, simple, straight- administration of economics, administration of resources,
forward, totally comprehensible, totally learnable, uncom- economic science, management, management of resources,
plicated, undemanding regulation of finances, system of distributing wealth, wealth
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: easy construction of a legal document
ECONOMY (Frugality), noun avoidance of waste, careful
EAVESDROP, verb hearken, intercept, listen, listen management, carefulness, carefulness in outlay, chariness,
stealthily, overhear, tap the lines, wiretap cheapness of operation, economicalness, forehandedness,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: eavesdropping device, search warrant, freedom from extravagance, frugalness, good management,
suppression hearing, wiretapping husbanding of resources, management, paring, parsimonia,
prevention of waste, providence, prudence, restriction, sav-
EBB, verb crumble, decay, decline, decrease, degener- ing, scheduling, sound stewardship, sparing, thrift, thriftiness
ate, deteriorate, drop, drop off, dwindle, fade away, fail,
fall, fall away, fall off, move back, recede, recedere, retire, ECSTATIC, adjective approving, beatific, beside oneself,
retreat, shrink, sink, slide, slip, slip back, subside, wane, blissful, carried away, delighted, delirious with joy, dithy-
waste away, withdraw rambic, elated, elevated, emotional, enchanted, enraptured,
enthusiastic, entranced, excited, exultant, felicitous, full of
EBULLIENT, adjective bubbling, bubbly, effervescent, feeling, glad, happy, heartfelt, joyful, joyous, jubilant, over-
filled with personality, outward, sparkling joyed, overpowered with emotion, passionate, radiant, rapt,
rapturous, rhapsodical, thrilled, tingling, transported
ECCENTRIC, adjective aberrant, anomalous, bizarre,
contrary, curious, departing from the usual course, deviant, EDGE (Advantage), noun advantageous position, ben-
deviating, deviative, different, differing, divergent, erratic, efit, favorable position, head start, jump, lead, odds, supe-
extraordinary, idiosyncratic, independent, individual, riority, upper hand, vantage

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EDGE (Border), noun bank, boundary, bounds, brim, propaedeutics, qualification, scholarship, schooling, sci-
brink, confines, corner, demarcation line, dividing line, edg- ence of teaching, store of knowledge, studies, system of
ing, extremity, fimbriae, frame, fringe, frontier, limit, lip, knowledge, systematic training, teaching, training, tuition,
margin, margo, molding, ora, outer edge, outline, out- tutelage, tutoring, upbringing
skirts, periphery, point, rim, side, skirts, tip, verge ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: board of education, educational corpo-
ration, educational facilities, educational institution, educa-
EDICT, noun authoritative command, canon, command, tional purposes, educational trust, educational uses
consultum, declaration, decree, decretum, dictate, edictum,
enactment, fiat, judgment, law, legislation, mandate, order, EDUCE, verb bring forth, bring out, bring to light, call
ordinance, precept, pronouncement, regulation, regulation forth, deduce, derive, discover, draw, draw forth, draw out,
by law, regulation by statute, rule, ruling, statute elicit, evoke, evolve, extract, extricate, ferret out, infer, lay
open, make obvious, obtain, procure, pull, pull out, secure,
EDIFICATION, noun acquirement, advancement, ad- summon forth, unearth, unfold, unveil
vantage, attainment, avail, benefit, betterment, direction, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: educe evidence
education, educational clarification, educational knowl-
edge, enlightenment, gain, guidance, improvement, infor- EFFACE, verb abolish, annihilate, black out, blot out,
mation, instruction, knowledge, learning, mental cultiva- cancel, decimate, delete, demolish, destroy, destruct, de-
tion, preparation, profit, progress, schooling, spiritual vour, discontinue, disintegrate, dissolve, do away with,
upbuilding, teaching, training, tuition, tutelage, uplifting eliminate, end, eradicate, erase, expel, expunge, extermi-
nate, extinguish, liquidate, obliterate, quell, ravage, raze,
EDIFICE, noun architectural monument, building, build- remove, root out, ruin, scratch out, stop, terminate
ing of imposing appearance, construction, high structure,
imposing building, piece of architecture, public building, EFFECT, noun accomplishment, achievement, aftermath,
skyscraper, structure, tower consecutio, consequence, development, effectuation, effec-
tus, end product, end result, eventuation, eventus, final re-
EDIFY, verb brief, coach, direct, discipline, docere, edu- sult, fruit, fruition, impact, issue, outcome, outgrowth, pay-
cate, enlarge the mind, enlighten, guide, improve, inform, off, product, reaction, repercussion, response, result,
instruct, prime, school, show, strengthen, teach, train, resultant, resultant action, sequel, termination, upshot
tutor, upbuild, uplift ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: cause and effect, chilling effect, effec-
tive procuring cause, force and effect, natural effect, per-
EDIT, verb alter, amend, annotate, arrange, choose, sonal effects
comment on, correct, cross out, cut, dele, delete, emend, FOREIGN PHRASES: Effectus sequitur causam. The effect fol-
emendate, erase, expunge, improve, librum edere, make lows the cause. Verba accipienda sunt cum effectu, ut
corrections, make improvements, make ready for publica- sortiantur effectum. Words are to be received with effect,
tion, modify by excisions, polish, prepare for publication, so that they may be productive of effect. Cessante causa,
put right, rearrange, rectify, redact, redraft, refine, remove cessat effectus. The cause ceasing, the effect must cease.
errors, revamp, revise, rework, rewrite, select, strike out, Cum quod ago non valet ut ago, valeat quantum valere
trim, weed, write notes for potest. When that which I do is of no effect as I do it, it shall
be as effective as it can (otherwise) be made. Nova consti-
EDITORIAL, adjective analytical, critical, editing, eluci- tutio futuris formam imponere debet non praeteritis. A
dative, elucidatory, enlightening, explaining, explanatory, new law ought to affect the future, not what is past. Non
explicatively, explicatory, expositive, expository, illumina- efficit affectus nisi sequatur effectus. The intention
tive, illustrative, journalistic, reportorial, technical amounts to nothing unless some effect follows. Verba ac-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: law review, plain language cipienda ut sortiantur effectum. Words should be taken
so that they may have some effect. Cuicunque aliquis quid
EDITORIALIZE, verb articulate a personal position, elu- concedit concedere videtur et id, sine quo res ipsa esse
cidate on, examine an issue, issue a policy statement, issue non potuit. Whoever grants anything to another is sup-
a position statement, opine on, personal analysis, prepare posed to grant that also without which the grant itself would
critical analysis, present a perspective, write a column, be of no effect. Juris affectus in executione consistit. The
write a commentary, write an analytical piece, write an ar- effectiveness of a law lies in its execution. Quando quod
ticle, write an opinion piece ago non valet ut ago, valeat quantum valere potest.
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: broadcasting law, free speech, First When that which I do does not have effect as I do it, let it
Amendment have as much effect as it can. Cessante ratione legis, ces-
sat et ipsa lex. Where the reason for a law ceases, the law
EDUCATE, verb brief, bring up, civilize, coach, cultivate, itself also ceases. Officit conatus si effectus sequatur. The
direct, discipline, drill, edify, educare, enlighten, erudire, attempt becomes of consequence if the effect follows.
explain, familiarize, give lessons, guide, implant, inculcate,
indoctrinate, inform, initiate, instituere, instruct, interpret, EFFECTIVE (Efficient), adjective able, adapted, ade-
nurture, preach, prepare, prime, rear, school, show, teach, quate, advantageous, capable, competent, convenient, ef-
train, tutor, wipe out illiteracy fectual, efficacious, efficax, equal to, expedient, fit, func-
tional, handy, helpful, implemental, instrumental, of service,
EDUCATION, noun accomplishments, acquirements, of use, practicable, practical, pragmatic, productive, profi-
acquisition of knowledge, body of knowledge, coaching, cient, profitable, serviceable, skillful, successful, to the
cultivation, culture, direction, edification, elucidation, en- purpose, unerring, up to, useful, utilitarian, valid
lightenment, erudition, explanation, general information,
guidance, imparting of skill, improvement of the mind, in- EFFECTIVE (Operative), adjective active, at work, effec-
culcation, indoctrination, instruction, intellectuality, knowl- tual, fit for use, having legal force, in action, in effect, in force,
edge, learning, letters, literacy, pedagogy, preparation, in operation, operational, ready for use, usable, valid, working

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ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: effective assignment, effective at EFFUSE, verb deal out, diffuse, disperse, disseminate,
death, effective date, effective dissolution distribute, exude, flow, flow out, give clemency to, issue,
notify, outpouring, pour out, promulgate, publicize, pub-
EFFECTS, noun assets, belongings, bona, chattel prop- lish, radiate, spill, transmit
erty, chattels, contents, estate, goods, holdings, legal es-
tate, means, movable property, paraphernalia, personal EFFUSIVE, adjective building up, complimentary, com-
property, personalty, possessions, property, res, resources, plimenting, delighted with, demonstrative, ebullient,
things, wealth, worldly substance emotional, emotive, enthusiastic, exuberant, fervent, gush-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: household effects, personal effects, ing with compliments, gushy, heaping praise, overflowing,
personal property, personalty praising, profuse

EFFECTUAL, adjective achieved, authoritative, binding, EGO, noun character, conceit, egoism, egotism, feel-
effective, efficacious, efficient, end result, eventuation, final ings, identity, image of oneself, individuality, person, per-
result, impact, outcome, outgrowth, response, result, re- sonality, pride, pride in administration by others, pride in
sultant, resultant action, rewarding, upshot, valuable, place in society, pride in reputation, pride in status, self,
worthwhile self-concept, self-esteem, self-identity, self-image
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: alter ego
EFFECTUATE, verb accomplish, achieve, attain, bring to
maturity, bring to pass, carry into effect, carry into execu- EGREGIOUS, adjective absurd, appalling, arrant, bi-
tion, carry through, cause, cause to happen, complete, ef- zarre, excessive, extravagant, flagrant, glaring, immoder-
fect, enact, enforce, execute, fulfill, manage, perform, pro- ate, inordinate, intemperate, outrageous, outré, remark-
duce, put in force, realize, succeed, work able, uncomfortable

EFFECTUATION, noun accomplishment, achievement, EGRESS, noun departure, discharge, doorway, egres-
act, action, arrangement, bequest, bestowal, carrying out sion, egressus, emergence, emersion, emigration, escape,
an action, commission, completion, conclusion, consign- evacuation, exit, exitus, exodus, gate, gateway, leavetak-
ment, conveyance, culmination, determination, discharge, ing, means of exit, opening, outlet, parting, passage out,
disposal, distribution, enactment, end, execution, finaliza- place of exit, way out, withdrawal
tion, fulfillment, goal, implementation, order, performance,
provision, realization, result, sequence, settlement, suc- EITHER, adjective alternative, both, choice, each, either
cess, ultimate conclusion, upshot, winding up alternate, either item, either one, either or, either particular
one, either possibility, either potentiality, on the one hand,
EFFICACIOUS, adjective adept, adequate, beneficial, one, one of two, one or the other, the one and the other
capable, compelling, competent, consummate, effective, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: either case law or common law, either
effectual, efficient, emphatic, fruitful, functional, impres- party to a marriage, either state law or federal, pleading in
sive, operative, potent, powerful, powerful sound, prac- the alternative
tical, productive, puissant, serviceable, striking, strong,
successful, sufficient, usable, useful, valid, virtuous, EJECT (Evict), verb cast out, deicere, dislodge, displace,
workable dispossess, divest, expel, get rid of, oust, put out, put out
of possession, remove, remove from premises, rid, sum-
EFFICIENCY, noun ability, ableness, adeptness, adroit- marily dispossess, throw out, thrust out, turn out, turn out
ness, capability, capableness, command, competence, of possession
competency, deftness, dexterity, dexterousness, effective-
ness, efficacy, efficientia, excellence, expertness, handi- EJECT (Expel), verb cast forth, cast out, detrude, discard,
ness, helpfulness, mastery, potency, productiveness, profi- discharge, disgorge, dismiss, eicere, eliminate, eruct, eruc-
ciency, prowess, quickness, resourcefulness, skill, tate, exclude, expellere, extrudere, force out, jettison, oust,
skillfulness, vis push away, push out, remove, throw out, thrust out

EFFICIENT, adjective able, adroit, capable, competent, ELABORATE, adjective baroque, beautified, bedecked,
deft, dexterous, effective, effectual, expedient, expedi- complex, complicated, daedal, decorated, deluxe, de-
tious, expert, functional, habilis, mighty, potent, powerful, tailed, developed minutely, done with thoroughness,
practical, productive, proficient, puissant, skilled, skillful elaboratus, embellished, executed with exactness, fancy,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: efficient cause, efficient intervening festooned, flamboyant, flashy, garnished, grandiose, highly
cause wrought, intricate, intricately wrought, involute, involved,
labored, marked by excessive effort, ornamented, ornate,
EFFORT, noun applied energy, arduousness, assiduity, ostentatious, painstaking, palatial, perfected, rich, showy,
assiduousness, attempt, conatus, contentio, endeavor, essay, studied, sumptuous, wrought with labor
exertion, expenditure of energy, hard work, industry, labori-
ousness, opera, pains, strain, strenuousness, struggle, toil, ELABORATE, verb add to, amplify, augment, be more
travail, trial, vigor, vigorousness specific, detail, develop, enlarge upon, enrich, expand, give
additional information, go into detail, improve upon, mag-
EFFORTLESS (Accomplished), adjective a natural, deft, nify, perfect, refine, state something in detail
dexterous, docile, practiced, skilled, skillful, talented
ELABORATION, noun addition, adornment, amplifica-
EFFORTLESS (Easy), adjective deft, dexterous, easily tion, augmentation, blossoming, coloring, details, elucida-
done, easy, nothing to it, readily mastered, simple tion, embellishment, emergence, enhancement, evolution,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: simplified court system, simplified evolvement, expansion, explication, flourishing, flowering,
procedures for uncontested divorce further delineation, garnish, hyperbole, improvement,

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 ELEMENTARY

incubation, magnification, maturation, metamorphosis, or- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: ballots, caucus, election contest, elec-
namentation, perfection, progress, progression, refine- tion district, election law, election petitions, election re-
ment, specification, specifics, statement, supplementation turns, general election, primary election, referendum, regu-
lar election, special election
ELAPSE, verb cease, cease to be, close, come to an end,
conclude, disappear, discontinue, draw to a close, end, ex- ELECTIVE (Selective), adjective alternative, bestowed
pire, finish, go, go by, happen, lapse, occur, pass, pass by, by ballot, by vote, choosing, cooptive, disjunctive, on ap-
run out, slip away, stop, succumb, take place, terminate, proval, open to choice
transpire, vanish ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: elective franchise, elective office
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: time elapsing for an appeal, time
elapsed to challenge a ruling ELECTIVE (Voluntary), adjective appointive, discretion-
ary, gratuitous, not required, optional, spontaneous
ELATED, adjective blissful, delighted, ecstatic, eu-
phoric, exalted, excited, exhilarated, exultant, happy, in ELECTORATE, noun American voters, body politic, con-
paradise, joyful, jubilant, overjoyed, pleased, rejoicing, stituency, constituents, general election voters, registered
thrilled, triumphant voters, voters
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: electoral college, elector
ELDER, noun adult, advanced in years, ancestor, ancient,
antiquated, antique, archaic, early, elderly, matured, older ELECTROCUTION, noun capital punishment, condem-
man, older woman, one of the older generation, original, nation by death, conviction of death sentence, death pen-
senior, senior citizen, superannuated, veteran, vintage alty, death sentence, death warrant, execution, first-degree
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: elder care, medicare, social security murder with death sentence, give the chair, judgment of
death, put to death, ultimate sentence
ELDERLY, adjective advanced in years, aetate provec- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: death by legal injection, Eighth
tus, aged, along in years, hoary, matured, old, seasoned, Amendment, gas chamber
senescent
ELECTRONIC MONITORING, noun electronic surveil-
ELECT (Choose), verb creare, decide, deligere, deter- lance, e-monitoring, mass acquisitions of electronic files,
mine in favor of, distinguish by special selection, eligere, mass electronic monitoring, monitoring pursuant to the
eliminate the alternatives, exercise an option, exercise dis- Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Law, spying on terrorists,
cretion, make a choice, make a selection, name, opt for, targeting foreign nationals
pick, select, settle on, will ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: terrorism, terrorist cell
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: election of remedies, election of rights,
election under a will, equitable election, right of election ELECTRONIC RIGHTS, noun all media and technology
rights, electronic data, electronic product rights, electronic
ELECT (Select by a vote), verb appoint by vote, cast the publishing rights, interactive media rights, multimedia
majority of ballots for, choose for office, designate for office rights, non linear display rights
by vote, place in office, select for office, vote into office
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: election by ballot, election contest, ELEGANT, adjective aesthetic, beautiful, chic, deluxe,
election day, election district, election laws, election re- dignified, distinguished, elegans, exquisite, fashionable,
turns, electioneering, elective office, general election, no- gorgeous, graceful, grand, handsome, in good taste,
tice of election, popular election, primary election, public lovely, magnificent, proportioned, refined, sophisticated,
election, regular election, special election splendid, stately, stylish, tasteful, unmeretricious

ELECTION (Choice), noun appointment, choice be- ELEMENT, noun cantle, component, component part,
tween alternatives, cooptation, decision, deliberate choice, constituent, content, detail, elementum, essential part, fac-
designation, determination, electio, option, pick, preference, tor, feature, fraction, fragment, fundamental part, ingredi-
selection, suffragia, volition ent, integral part, item, member, part, particle, piece, por-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: election between inconsistent reme- tion, rudiment, section, segment, substance
dies, election of remedies, election of rights, election under ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: elements of a cause of action, ele-
a will, equitable election, estoppel by election ments of a crime, elements of recovery
FOREIGN PHRASES: Consecratio est periodus electionis; elec-
tio est praeambula consecration is. Consecration is the ELEMENTAL, adjective basic, beginning, crude, delin-
termination of election; election is the preamble of conse- eated in basic terms, easy, easy to understand, founda-
cration. Electio est interna libera et spontanea separatio tional, fundamental, inceptive, initiatory, introductory, ob-
unius rei ab alia sine compulsione, consistens in animo vious, plain, precursory, prefatory, primal, primary,
et voluntate. Election is an internal, free, and spontaneous primitive, rudimental, rudimentary, simple, simplified,
separation of one thing from another, without compulsion, sophomoric, starting, uncomplicated, understandable, un-
consisting of intention and will. Electio semel facta, et sophisticated
placitum testatum non patitur regressum. An election
once made, and the intent shown, cannot be recalled. ELEMENTARY, adjective abecedarian, apparent, basal,
Electiones fiant rite et libere sine interruptione aliqua. basic, beginning, crude, easy, easy to understand, elemen-
Elections should be made in due form and freely, without tal, foundational, fundamental, inceptive, initiatory, intro-
any interruption. ductory, obvious, plain, precursory, prefatory, primary,
primitive, primus, proemial, rudimental, rudimentary, sim-
ELECTION (Selection by vote), noun appointment by vote, ple, simplified, starting, uncomplex, uncomplicated, under-
balloting, choosing by vote, plebiscite, poll, referendum, standable, unraveled, unsophisticated
representation, selection for office by vote, vote-casting ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: elementary canon of interpretation

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 ELEVATE

ELEVATE, verb advance, aggrandize, attollere, beatify, gentry, high society, most carefully selected group, nobility,
boost, build up, canonize, cause to rise, confer an honor, optimates, privileged class, select body, select few, superior
consecrate, deify, dignify, distinguish, erect, exalt, glorify, group, top people, upper circles, upper classes
heave up, heft, heighten, hoist, hold aloft, hold up, honor,
improve, jack up, levare, lift, make higher, pick up, pitch, ELONGATION, verb add to, aggrandize, amplify, aug-
promote, prop, put on a pedestal, raise, raise aloft, raise to a ment, compound, continue, continuing, drag out, draw
higher position, sanctify, sublimate, upgrade, uplift, upraise out, enlarge, enlarge upon, expand, extend, grow longer,
increase, lengthen, linger, make larger, meandering, never-
ELEVATION, noun advancement, aggrandizement, alti- ending, prolong, protract, spread, stretch, supplement,
tude, canonization, consecration, coronation, deification, sustain
dignification, elatio, elevated place, eminence, eminency,
erection, exaltation, height, high land, highness, lift, lofti- ELOQUENT, adjective articulate, calculated to stir, com-
ness, promotion, rise, sanctification, stature, steepness, municative, compelling, convincing, disertus, effective, elo-
tallness, uplift, upright distance quens, expressive, flowing, fluent, forceful, full of feeling,
full of meaning, full of substance, graceful, impassioned,
ELICIT, verb arouse, author, awaken, beget, bring about, impressive, incisive, informative, meaningful, mellifluous,
bring forth, bring forward, bring out, call forth, cause, draw moving, movingly expressive, persuasive, pithy, pointed,
forth, draw out, eblandiri, educe, effect, effectuate, elicere, powerful, powerfully expressive, pregnant, rich, spellbind-
evocare, evoke, extract, generate, initiate, make manifest, ing, striking, telling, trenchant, vivid
stimulate, summon forth
ELSEWHERE, adverb absent, another place, away, fur-
ELIDE, verb abate, abolish, annul, cancel, countermand, ther away, gone, in a distant place, in a foreign location, in
declare null and void, delete, discard, dismiss, dispel, dis- a foreign place, in a foreign setting, in another place, in
solve, end, eradicate, extinguish, extirpate, invalidate, some other place, not present, not under consideration,
leave out, nullify, obliterate, omit, overrule, overturn, put outside, remote, removed
an end to, quell, quench, repeal, repress, rescind, reverse,
stop, subdue, suppress, terminate, vacate, withdraw ELUCIDATE, verb annotate, ascertain, bring out more
clearly, cast light upon, clarify, clear of obscurity, clear up,
ELIGIBLE, adjective acceptable, appropriate, approved, comment upon, commentate, construe, decipher, decode,
befitting, capable, desirable, dignus, employable, fit, fit for define, demonstrate, describe, detail, determine, disentan-
appointment, fit for election, fit for selection, fit to be cho- gle, enlighten, enucleate, exemplify, explain, explanare,
sen, fitting, idoneus, legally qualified, opportunus, proper, explicate, exponere, exposit, expound, find a clue, give an
qualified, right, satisfactory, suitable, usable explanation, give an interpretation, illuminate, illustrate,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: eligible to hold public office interpret, interpretari, lay open, make apparent, make clear,
make intelligible, make less confusing, make lucid, make
ELIMINATE (Eradicate), verb abolish, annihilate, blot plain, make sense of, make simple, make understandable,
out, cancel, clear out, consume, cut out, decimate, delete, manifest, paraphrase, popularize, put in other words, ravel,
demolish, deracinate, desolate, destroy, devour, dispatch, rephrase, restate, shed light upon, simplify, solve, spell out,
dispose of, dissolve, do away with, efface, end, erase, teach, throw light upon, translate, unfold, unravel, unriddle,
evacuate, expunge, expurgate, exterminate, extirpate, get unscramble, untangle
rid of, kill, lay waste, liquidate, nullify, obliterate, over-
throw, purge, put a stop to, put an end to, quash, quell, ELUCIDATION, noun analysis, annotation, annuncia-
raze, remove, render useless, slaughter, stamp out, strike tion, clarification, comment, commentary, construction,
out, suppress, sweep away, tear out, terminate, uproot, deciphering, decoding, demonstration, details, disen-
void, weed out, wipe out tanglement, edification, enlightenment, exegesis, expla-
nation, explication, exposition, gloss, illumination, illus-
ELIMINATE (Exclude), verb ban, banish, bar, blockade, tration, interpretation, justification, rationale,
cashier, cast out, censor, count out, debar, deport, disallow, rationalization, reasoning, restatement, specifications,
disbar, discard, disdain, dismiss, disqualify, disregard, do translation, unscrambling
away with, eject, elide, evacuate, evict, except, exclude,
excommunicate, exempt, exile, expatriate, expel, keep ELUDE, verb abscond, avoid, baffle, be concealed,
out, leave out, lock out, omit, ostracize, oust, outlaw, pre- break away, break loose, dodge, eludere, escape, escape by
clude, prevent, prohibit, proscribe, put aside, rebuff, reject, artifice, escape detection, escape notice, evade, evitare,
remove, renounce, repulse, rule out, set aside, shed, shut flee, get away, hide, keep aloof, keep out of sight, make an
out, spurn, throw out, thrust out, turn out, weed escape, mystify, outmaneuver, outwit, parry, remain hid-
den, remain undiscovered, shun, slip away, slip out, steal
ELIMINATION, noun abatement, abolition, annihilation, away, take evasive action
cancellation, curtailment, depletion, destruction, discardment,
discharge, disposal, disposition, disqualification, dissolution, ELUSIVE, adjective abstruse, apt to flee, baffling, diffi-
ejection, emptying, end, eradication, evulsion, exclusion, ex- cult, difficult to catch, difficult to comprehend, difficult to
cretion, exhaustion, expulsion, extermination, extinction, ex- understand, eluding clear perception, elusory, enigmatic,
tinguishment, extirpation, extrusion, exudation, nullification, equivocal, escaping, evanescent, evasive, fleeting, fugitive,
obliteration, omission, prohibition, proscription, purge, rejec- hard to define, hard to express, hard to grasp, hard to
tion, removal, renunciation, riddance, separation, voidance maintain, hard to understand, impalpable, intangible, liable
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: censorship, elimination of rights to disappear, mysterious, nebulous, obscure, occult, puz-
zling, runaway, shadowy, shunning, slippery, tending to
ELITE, noun aristocracy, best part, best people, choice elude, tending to escape, tending to slip away, uncertain,
group, chosen few, cream of society, fashionable society, unclear, vanishing

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 EMBOLDEN

ELUSORY, adjective abstract, complex, convex, decep- EMBELLISH, verb add details, adorn, array, beautify,
tive, elusive, enigmatic, evanescent, evasive, fleeting, furtive, bedeck, bedizen, bejewel, beribbon, bespangle, better, bla-
hard to grasp, hazy, illusive, impalpable, imponderable, in- zon, chase, dandify, deck, decorare, decorate, dizen, dress
tangible, mysterious, oblique, obtruse, recondite, transient up, elaborate, emblazon, emboss, embroider, encrust, en-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: illusory agreements, illusory statutes hance, enrich, exornare, fix up, frill, garnish, gild, glamorize,
grace, illuminate, illustrate, improve, make beautiful, make
EMANATE, verb arise from, come forth, come from, elaborate, make improvements, make resplendent, melio-
debouch, derive from, descend from, effundi, effuse, eject, rate, ornament, polish, rubricate, smarten, spangle, spruce
emanare, emerge, emit, ensue from, exude, fall out, flow up, stretch, tool, touch up, trim, varnish
forth, fluere, follow from, go out of, grow from, grow out
of, issue, originate in, pour out of, proceed, project, radiate, EMBEZZLE, verb appropriate fraudulently, appropriate
result, spring from, stream out to one’s own use, avertere, commit larceny, defalcate, de-
fraud, divert to one’s own use, filch, intercipere, intervertere,
EMANCIPATION, noun acquittal, deliverance, deliver- misapply, misappropriate, misappropriate funds, misap-
ance from bondage, discharge, enfranchisement, extrication, propriate intrusted funds, misuse, pilfer, purloin, swindle,
freedom, liberatio, liberation, liberty, manumissio, manumis- take by fraud, take feloniously, thieve
sion, pardon, possession of full rights, release, release from ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: convert
custody, reprieve, salvation, setting free, unshackling
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: complete emancipation, emancipation EMBEZZLEMENT, noun appropriation, breach of trust,
of minors, Emancipation Proclamation, express emancipa- cheating, defalcation, fraud, fraudulent appropriation,
tion, implied emancipation, partial emancipation fraudulent appropriation of money, fraudulent conversion,
larceny, malversation, misappropriation, peculation, pilfer-
EMASCULATION, noun castration, debilitation, debility, ing, purloining, stealing, swindle, theft, theft of money en-
decrepitude, depleted, enervation, expurgation, fault, help- trusted to one’s care, theft of money entrusted to one’s
lessness, infirmity, impotence, languor, unmanning, weakness management, thievery, wrongful appropriation
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: conversion, corporate embezzlement,
EMBARGO, noun authoritative stoppage of trade, ban, embezzlement of public funds, larceny, misappropriation,
bar, control of trade, debarment, denial, detention of ships, theft by means of embezzlement
disallowance of trade, exclusion from commerce, forbid-
dance, freeze, governmental order of prohibition, halt, in- EMBEZZLER, noun cheater, criminal, crook, culprit, de-
terference, legal restraint, preclusion, prohibition, restraint, falcator, defrauder, evildoer, interceptor, lawbreaker, male-
restriction, stop, stoppage factor, one who commits larceny, peculator, pecuniae aver-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: embargo of commerce, embargo of sor, pilferer, purloiner, swindler, thief
goods, embargo of products
EMBLEM, noun allusion, badge, banner, chevron, coat of
EMBARK, verb auspicate, begin, commence, engage in arms, colors, crest, crown, escutcheon, figure, flag, hallmark,
an enterprise, enter, enter upon, get under way, go into, identification, image, indicium, insignia, keepsake, logo,
inaugurate, initiate, institute, launch, make a beginning, mark, medal, monogram, motto, pennant, regalia, seal, sign,
originate, plunge into, rationem inire, set out, start, start out, signet, standard, symbol, token
take on, take the first step, take up, undertake, venture ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: brand, emblem law, logo, mark, regis-
tration, trademark
EMBARRASS, verb abash, annoy, baffle, bedevil, beset,
bewilder, bother, burden, cause confusion, cause discomfort, EMBLEMATIC, adjective allusive, denotative, indicant,
cause to feel ill at ease, chagrin, confuse, conturbare, dis- indicative, representational, representative, suggestive,
comfit, discomfort, discompose, disconcert, disquiet, dis- symbolic, typical
tress, disturb, encumber, fluster, impedire, incommode, make
self-conscious, make uncomfortable, mortify, nonplus, per- EMBODIMENT, noun actualization, bodily presentation,
turb, plague, put at a disadvantage, render flustered, render bodily representation, concrete expression, corporeity, defi-
ill at ease, shame, trouble, upset, vex, worry nite form, effigies, form, formation, incarnation, manifestation,
material figuration, material representation, materialization,
EMBARRASSMENT, noun abashment, awkward situa- personification, realization, representation, simulacrum, sub-
tion, awkwardness, bafflement, chagrin, confusion, con- stantiality, synthesis, tangibility, tangible form, visible form
straint, discomfiture, discomfort, discomposure, distur- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: embodied in a contract, embodied in
bance, fluster, humiliation, implicatio, mortification, the instrument
perturbation, pudency, scrupulus, self-consciousness,
shame, uneasiness EMBODY, verb actualize, constitute, corporealize, exhibit
in visible form, express in concrete form, form, give concrete
EMBASSY, noun ambassadorial function, ambassadorial form to, give definite form to, give tangible form to, incar-
office, ambassadorial residence, commission, consulate, nate, includere, incorporate, integrate, interblend, interfuse,
delegation, deputation, diplomatic corps, embassage, es- intermix, invest with a body, invest with matter, make cor-
tablishment of an ambassador, legateship, legatio, legation, poreal, make visible, manifest, materialize, personify, put
mission, mission of the ambassador, official headquarters of into bodily form, substantialize, syncretize, synthesize
an ambassador, official mission
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: consular and diplomatic officers EMBOLDEN, verb abet, animate, assure, bolster, buoy,
cheer, encourage, enhearten, foment, give confidence,
EMBED, verb bury, deposit, engraft, entrench, fix, fix hearten, impel, incite, inspire, inspirit, instigate, invigorate,
firmly, implant, impress, imprint, infix, ingrain, insert, lodge, nerve, press, promise, rally, reassure, rouse, stimulate,
plant, press in, root, seat, set, set firmly, settle, stamp strengthen, urge

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 EMBRACE

EMBRACE (Accept), verb adopt, advocate, affiliate, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: Emergency Court of Appeals,
agree to, assume, be in favor of, concur in, consent to, Emergency Defense Act, emergency employment doctrine,
countenance, endorse, espouse, favor, make one’s own, Emergency Price Control Act, private necessity, public
ratify, sanction, seize, subscribe to, support, take to oneself, emergency, public necessity
take up, welcome
EMERGENCY AID, noun assistance in the face of im-
EMBRACE (Encircle), verb begird, belt, cincture, circum- mediate danger, crisis intervention, intervention to prevent
scribe, compass, complecti, comprehendere, contain, cover, harm, split-second intervention, warrantless entry in exi-
encincture, enclose, encompass, enfold, engird, envelop, gent circumstances, warrantless entry to provide immedi-
gird, girdle, hold, include, incorporate, integrate, invest, ate aid
involve, lap, receive, skirt, surround, take in ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: exception to Fourth Amendment
Warrant Requirement
EMBROILMENT, noun affray, agitation, brawl, breach,
broil, chaos, clash, combat, commotion, complication, con- EMINENCE, noun aggrandizement, amplissimus gra-
flict, confusion, contention, contest, derangement, difference dus, authority, celebrity, consequence, dignity, distinction,
of opinion, disarrangement, disorder, disquiet, dissension, elevated rank, elevation, esteem, exaltation, fame, fastig-
dissentience, disturbance, embranglement, encounter, en- ium, glory, grandeur, great station, greatness, height, high
gagement, entanglement, ferment, fracas, fray, imbroglio, position, high rank, high station, honor, importance, impor-
involvement, mix-up, muddle, odds, outbreak, pandemo- tant station, influence, loftiness, majesty, mark, mightiness,
nium, quarrel, riot, row, rupture, squabble, strife, struggle, nobility, notability, note, noteworthiness, praestantia, pre-
tumult, turbulence, turmoil, unrest, uproar, violence eminence, prestige, prominence, renown, repute, standing,
supereminence, superiority, supremacy, weight
EMBRYO, noun basis for development, beginning, bud,
commencement, earliest stage, fetus, first stage, genesis, EMINENT DOMAIN, noun annex for public use, as-
germ, immature stage, inchoation, incipience, incipient sume for public use, take possession for public use, usurp
organism, origin, origination, partus, rudiment, rudimentary for public use
state, seed, source, start, starting point, undeveloped stage
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: abortion EMIT, verb beam, cast out, discharge, eject, emittere,
eructate, erupt, exhale, exhaust, expel, expend, exude, give
EMBRYONIC, adjective amorphous, antecedent, basic, forth, give off, give out, gush, hurl, issue, jet, let out, pour
beginning, commencing, developing, developmental, forth, pour out, put forth, radiate, secrete, send forth, send
early, elementary, evolving, first, formless, fundamental, out, shed, shoot, spurt, squirt, throw, throw off, throw out
germinal, immature, imperfect, inceptive, inchoate, incipi-
ent, initial, initiative, introductory, nascent, older, originat- EMOLUMENT, noun advance, allowance, benefit, bonus,
ing, preliminary, primitive, rudimentary, shapeless, unde- commission, compensation, consideration, disbursement,
veloped, unfinished, unformed, unshaped earnings, fee, income, indemnification, pay, payment,
profit, recompense, remuneration, requital, restitution, re-
EMEND, verb adjust, alter, ameliorate, amend, better, turn, revenue, reward, salary, stipend, tribute, wage
change, correct, corrigere, do over, emendare, emendate,
fix, help, improve, make better, make corrections, make EMOTION, noun affect, agitation, animi motus, ardor,
improvements, make repairs, meliorate, mend, put in eagerness, ebullition, enthusiasm, ferment, fervor, furor,
order, put right, reconstruct, rectify, redo, refine, reform, great feeling, mood, passion, reaction, response, sensation,
remedy, remodel, remove errors, render better, reorganize, sensitiveness, sentiment, spirit, stir, turmoil, verve, zeal
repair, restore, retouch, revamp, revise, rework, rewrite, rid
of defects, right, set right, set straight, touch up, work over EMPANEL, verb calendar, docket, enlist jurors, enroll,
enter those names designated as jurors, insert names on a
EMERGE, verb appear, arise, arrive, become apparent, register, list for jury duty, list jurors, place upon a list, register,
become manifest, become plain, become visible, break schedule, select jurors, sign in
through, burst forth, come forth, come forward, come into ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: empanel a jury
notice, come into view, come out, come out of hiding,
come to light, crop up, dawn, emanate, emergere, enter the EMPATHIZE, verb be compassionate, be in tune, be
picture, exit, expose, issue, loom, make an appearance, sorry for, be understanding, comfort, commiserate, con-
manifest, materialize, put in an appearance, rise, show, dole, express sympathy, feel for, grieve for, have pity for,
show up, surface, turn up identify with, pity, project, react, relate to, respond, share
grief, share sorrow, show solace, show tenderness, soothe,
EMERGENCE, noun appearance, arrival, commencement, sympathize, understand
development, evidence, initiation, issue, manifestation, ma-
terialization, notice, now apparent, show, start, viewed EMPATHY, noun affinity, communion, compassion,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: emergent law, the emergence of law comprehension, congeniality, decency, insight, pity, rap-
port, sympathy, understanding, warmth
EMERGENCY, noun accident, casus, climacteric, condi-
tion of insufficiency, crisis, critical point, crucial period, dif- EMPHASIS, noun accent, accentuation, affirmation, at-
ficulty, dilemma, discrimen, exigency, extremity, insuffi- tention, concentration, consequence, consideration, distinc-
ciency of service, last-minute need, necessitousness, need, tion, distinctness, eminence, emphasis, energy, exclamation,
need for action, needfulness, plight, predicament, pressing force, force of expression, force of voice, forcibleness, high-
necessity, pressing need, strait, sudden peril, tempus, light, ictus, importance, impressiveness, inflection, insistence,
trouble, unexpected happening, unforeseen condition, un- intensity of expression, moment, most important point, nota-
foreseen occurrence, urgency bility, note, outstanding feature, positiveness, pressure,

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primacy, prominence, salience, saliency, significance, special commission, craft, duty, employ, engagement, enterprise,
attention, special concern, special intonation, special signifi- field, function, incumbency, industry, job, labor, lifework,
cance, strength, stress, thrust, underlining, underscoring, line, livelihood, living, means of livelihood, means of sup-
value, vigorous enunciation, vociferation, weight, worth port, negotium, occupation, office, position, post, practice,
profession, pursuit, retainment, service, situation, specialty,
EMPHASIZE, verb accent, accentuate, affirm, argue, ar- task, trade, vocation, work
ticulate, assert, bear, contend, dwell, enforce, enhance, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: abandonment of employment, aris-
feature, heighten, highlight, insist, intensify, iterate, mag- ing out of and in course of employment, available for
nify, mark, plead, point up, pronounce, protest, punctuate, employment, casual employment, conditions of employ-
reaffirm, repeat, spearhead, spotlight, stress, underline, ment, contract of employment, course of employment,
underscore, vociferate covered employment, dangerous employment, duration
of employment, during term of employment, engaged in
EMPHATIC, adjective absolute, categorical, clear, com- employment, exempt employment, extrahazardous em-
pelling, decided, dogmatic, energetic, explicit, express, ployment, extraordinary employment, general employ-
forceful, forcible, graphic, insistent, overt, positive, reiterative, ment, grade of employment, injury arising in course of
resounding, strong, telling, vehement, vivid employment, permanent employment, place of
employment, private employment, professional employ-
EMPIRICAL, adjective analytical, based on evidence of ment, public employment, scope of employment, sea-
the senses, based on observation, derived from experience, sonal employment, temporary employment, tenure of
diagnostic, guided by experiment, provisional employment

EMPLOY (Engage services), verb add to the payroll, ap- EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION, noun bias in the
point, assign, authorize, commission, contract, delegate, workplace, prejudice in an employment environment
detineri, empower, engage, enlist, enroll, entrust with a Generally: differentiation, disequalization, inequality, in-
task, entrust with management, fill a position, fill a vacancy, justice, unfairness
fill an opening, find help, furnish occupation for, give a job
to, give a position to, give a post to, give employment, EMPOWER, verb accredit, activate, aggrandize, allow,
give work to, hire, keep in service, occupatum, place, put appoint, arm, assign, authorize, capacitate, commission,
to work, recruit, retain, retain the services of, secure, set to confer power on, delegate, depute, deputize, enable,
work, sign up, staff, take into employ, take into service, use endow, energize, entrust, franchise, give ability, give au-
another’s services, use as an agent, versari thority, give permission, give power, give right, grant,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: actual employment, customarily em- grant authority, grant power, homini rei, impart power to,
ployed, dangerous employment, employed in hazardous implement, invest, license, make able, make capable,
work, employed in interstate commerce, lawfully em- make potent, permit, potentiate, potestatem facere, privi-
ployed, legally employed, permanently employed lege, qualify, render competent, sanction, strengthen,
train, vest, warrant
EMPLOY (Make use of), verb apply, avail oneself of,
capitalize upon, exercise, exploit, have recourse to, ma- EMPTY (Nothing left), adjective all gone, bare, blank,
nipulate, mobilize, operate, ply, practice, profit by, put in depleted, devoid, drained, exhausted, hollow, nothing left
action, put in operation, put to service, put to use, resort to, inside, unfilled, vacuous, void, without contents
take advantage of, turn to account, turn to use, use, utilize, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: empty judgment, empty law
wield, work
EMPTY (Vacant), adjective abandoned, available, barren,
EMPLOYEE, noun agent, apprentice, assistant, attaché, deserted, fruitless, idle, no one home, not inhabited, un-
factotum, hand, help, helper, hired hand, hireling, job- claimed, uninhabited, unoccupied, untenanted, up for grabs
holder, laborer, mercenary, personnel, representative, sala- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: empty premises
ried worker, servant, staff person, subordinate, toiler, wage
earner, worker, workman EMPTY (Without substance), adjective devoid of merit,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: agent, bona fide employee, borrowed inconsequential, ineffective, ineffectual, insignificant, insub-
employee, casual employee, de facto employee, indepen- stantial, meaningless, meritless, unavailing, unimportant,
dent contractor, joint adventurer, loaned employee, part- unreal, unsatisfying, useless, vain, valueless, without sub-
time employee, permanent employee, provisional em- stance, worthless
ployee, servant, subcontractor ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: an empty threat, veiled threat of law suit

EMPLOYEE-NUMEROSTY REQUIREMENT, noun criteria EMULATE, verb copy, ditto, echo, follow, imitate, im-
for lawsuit under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, personate, mimic, mirror, repeat, rival, strive
requisite number of employees required for liability pur-
pose, threshold number of employees necessary for em- EMULOUS, adjective admiring, competing, competi-
ployer coverage tive, contending, copying, envious, follow the example of,
following, imitative, jealous, rival
EMPLOYER, noun administrator, boss, chief, controller,
director, executive, head, leader, management, manager, EN BANC, adverb all together, as a unit, as a whole, col-
master, overseer, owner, patron, proprietor, superinten- lectively, en bloc, en masse, entirely, in a body, in a mass, in
dent, superior, supervisor, taskmaster sum, in toto, one and all
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: employers’ liability acts
EN MASSE, adverb all together, as a body, as a group,
EMPLOYMENT, noun activity, appointment, assignment, as a whole, as one, at the same time, collectively, en bloc,
avocation, berth, billet, business, calling, capacity, career, ensemble, in assembly, in mass, in the aggregate, together

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EN ROUTE, adverb along the way, bound, during the ENCLOSURE, noun arena, barrier, blockade, border,
journey, during travel, in passage, in progress, in transit, boundary, bracket, cincture, circle, circumjacence, circum-
midway, on the journey, on the road, on the way scription, circumvallation, confine, confinement, container,
containment, custody, edge, embrace, encasement, encircle-
ENABLE, verb abet, aid, allow, approve, arm, assist, ment, enclosed space, encompassment, enfoldment, en-
authorize, capacitate, confer, consent, emancipate, em- velopment, fence, fenced in area, girdle, immurement,
power, endow, facilitate, facultatem facere, give ability, impoundment, imprisonment, incarceration, insertion,
give authority, give means, give permission, give power, limit, limitation, perimeter, pound, receptacle, restriction,
grant, help, homini rei, implement, indulge, invest, let, trammel, walled-in area, wrapper, zone
liberate, license, make able, make capable, make possible,
make practicable, permit, privilege, provide, provide ENCOMPASS (Include), verb adscribere, complecti,
means, qualify, release, remove a disability, render assis- comprise, consist of, contain, continere, cover, embrace,
tance, render competent, sanction, strengthen, supply with hold, incorporate, span, subsume, take in
means, support ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: encompass a broad cross section of
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: enabling act, enabling legislation, the law
enabling statute
ENCOMPASS (Surround), verb be circumjacent, begird,
ENABLING LEGISLATION, noun establishing legislation, belt, border, bound, cincture, cingere, circle, circuit, circum-
first initiative, law giving authority, law giving power, law cludere, circumplecti, circumscribe, compass, corral, edge,
granting authority, law granting license, law investing encase, encincture, encircle, enclose, enclose on all sides,
power, original ordinance, seminal measure, underlying engird, enring, ensphere, envelop, enwrap, fence in, form
act, underlying legislative pronouncement a circle round, gird, girdle, hem in, immure, keep in, pen
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: enacting clause in, ring, shut in, wall in, wrap

ENACT, verb adopt a measure, appoint by act, codify, ENCOUNTER, verb catch, chance upon, collide, come
command, declare, decree, dictate, enjoin, establish, estab- face to face, come together, confront, converge, crash into,
lish by law, give legislative sanction, institute by law, issue cross, engage, face, gather together, greet, happen upon,
a command, legislate, make into a statute, make laws, or- hold a meeting, hold convocation, huddle, join, mass, meet,
dain by law, order, pass, perferre, prescribe, put in force, meet by chance, meet by happenstance, meet coincidentally,
put into effect pass, reencounter, reunite, salute, see, stumble upon, unite
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: enacting clause
FOREIGN PHRASES: Non obligat lex nisi promulgata. A law is ENCOURAGE, verb back, back up, boost, embolden,
not obligatory unless it is promulgated. Ejus est interpre- endorse, hearten, inspire, support
tari cujus est condere. It is for him who enacts anything to
give it interpretation. ENCROACH, verb breach, commit an infraction, enter
by stealth, enter upon the domain of another, enter wrong-
ENACTMENT, noun act, bill, charter, codification, de- fully, impinge, infiltrate, infringe, ingress wrongfully, inter-
cree, dictate, edict, establishment, fiat, law, legislation, lex, fere, interlope, intrude, intrude illegally, invade, invade
measure, ordinance, plebiscitum, regulation, rule, ruling, unlawfully, invadere, irrupt, make an incursion, make in-
sanctio, statute, statutory law roads, obtrude, occupare, overstep, penetrate, raid, trans-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Leges suum ligent latorem. Laws should gress, trespass, violate
bind their own proposer. Jus constitui oportet in his quae
ut plurimum accidunt non quae ex inopi nato. Laws ENCROACHMENT, noun breach, entrance by stealth,
ought to be made with a view to those cases which occur entrance upon the domain of another, illegal intrusion, im-
most frequently and not to those which are of rare or acci- pingement, imposition, incursion, infiltration, infraction, in-
dental occurrence. Leges figendi et refigendi consuetudo fringement, iniuria, inroad, interference, interloping, intru-
est periculosissima. The practice of making and remaking sion, invasion, irruption, obtrusion, overlap, overstepping,
the laws is a most dangerous one. Quod populus postre- penetration, prying, raid, real estate trespass, transgres-
mum jussit, id jus ratum esto. What the people have last sion, trespass, unlawful invasion, violation, wrongful entry,
enacted, let that be the settled law. wrongful ingress
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: adverse possession, common nuis-
ENCHANTING, adjective adorable, alluring, appealing, sance, easements, public nuissance
arresting, attractive, beguiling, bewitching, captivating,
darling, delightful, engrossing, entrancing, fetching, haunt- ENCUMBER (Financially obligate), verb assess, burden,
ing, hypnotic, interesting, mesmerizing, moving, pleasant, charge, hold liable, impedire, impose a charge, impose a
pleasing, riveting, spellbinding, tantalizing, tempting, ter- lien, make accountable for, make responsible for, mortgage,
rific, winning obligate, onerare, place a cloud on, praegravare, subject to
a charge, subject to a liability
ENCLOSE, verb blockade, bound, bracket, capture, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: mortgage
cingere, circumscribe, circumvallate, close in, compass,
confine, contain, embrace, encase, encincture, encircle, ENCUMBER (Hinder), verb block, block up, burden,
encompass, enfold, envelop, environ, fence in, gird, gir- charge, cramp, cumber, disadvantage, discommode, en-
dle, hem in, immure, impound, imprison, incarcerate, in- tangle, entrammel, frustrate, hamper, hinder movement,
cludere, insert in a wrapper, insert in an envelope, keep hold back action, hold up, impede, impose, incommode,
behind bars, keep in, keep in custody, limit, pen, put a inconvenience, inflict, inhibit, interfere, interrupt, keep
barrier around, put into a receptacle, restrain, restrict, re- back, lade, limit, obstruct action, render difficult, retard,
tain, ring, saepire, shut in, surround, take into custody, saddle, shackle, slow down, strain, tax, thwart, tie up, tram-
trammel, wall in mel, trouble, weaken, weigh down

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ENCUMBRANCE, noun burden, charge, claim, curb, ENDEMIC (Native), adjective autochthonal, autochtho-
difficulty, disadvantage, drawback, hampering, hindering, nous, born, domestic, indigenous, local, original, regional
hindrance, hitch, hurdle, impediment, impedimentum, im-
position, inconvenience, infliction, interference, liability, ENDLESS, adjective boundless, ceaseless, continual,
lien, lien on an estate, load, mortgage, obstacle, obstruc- continuous, countless, endless, enduring, eternal, everlast-
tion, onus, oppression, pressure, restriction, retardation, ing, illimitable, immeasurable, incalculable, incessant, in-
stay, stop, stoppage definite, indeterminable, inexhaustible, infinite, innumera-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: easements, mortgage ble, interminable, limitless, measureless, never-ending,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Transit terra cum onere. Land passes nonstop, perpetual, recurring, unbounded, unceasing, un-
subject to any encumbrances affecting it. checked, unconditional, unconfined, uncontrolled, undy-
ing, unending, unfathomable, uninterrupted, universal, un-
END (Intent), noun aim, ambition, aspiration, bourn, limited, unmeasured, unremitting, unrestrained,
consilium, desideration, desideratum, design, desire, de- unrestricted, untold, vast, without end, without number
sired result, destination, dream, expectation, goal, guiding ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: endless case law, endless punishment,
principle, hope, idea, intended result, intendment, inten- endless torments, endless violence
tion, mission, motivating idea, motivation, motive, object,
objective, purpose, reason, target, wish ENDORSE, verb approve, attest, authenticate, back,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: ends of justice certify, commend, confirm, ratify, sanction, second, sup-
port, validate
END (Termination), noun accomplishment, achievement,
adjournment, attainment, border, borderline, bound, bound- ENDORSEMENT (Backing), noun advertisement, advo-
ary, cessation, close, closing piece, closure, completion, con- cacy, approval, assistance, assurance, attestation, authoriza-
cluding part, conclusion, consummation, culmination, curtain, tion, commendation, encouragement, imprimatur, license,
death, decease, decline, demise, denouement, departure, patronage, recommendation, sanction, signature, stamp of
destination, destiny, determination, dissolution, edge, elimi- approval, support, testimonial, testimony, vouch, word
nation, ending, estoppage, exitus, expiration, expiry, extinc- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: political endorsement
tion, extinguishment, extreme, extreme point, extremity, fate,
final event, final state, finale, finality, finis, finish, fulfillment, ENDORSEMENT (Signature), noun acceptance, ap-
furthermost part, halt, last of a series, last part, limit, limitation, proval, authorization, autograph, confirmation, countersig-
omega, outcome, point, pole, realization, remnant, result, nature, execution, go-ahead, passage, permission, ratifica-
resultant, retirement, stop, stoppage, tail, terminal, terminal tion, sanction, seal, signet, signing, sponsorship, stamp of
point, termination, terminus, tip, upshot, wane approval, support, underwriting, warrant
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: endorsement to an insurance policy
ENDANGER, verb abuse, be careless with, be malevo-
lent, bring into peril, bully, compromise, damage, dare, ENDORSER, noun attestant, attester, backer, certifier,
expose, expose to danger, expose to injury, expose to loss, confirmer, cosigner, countersigner, guarantor, proponent,
harm, hazard, hurt, impair, imperil, in discrimen, in pericu- ratifier, signatory, sponsor, subscriber, surety, undersigned,
lum, injure, jeopardize, leave defenseless, leave unpro- underwriter
tected, make insecure, make liable to danger, make liable
to injury, make unsafe, make vulnerable, maltreat, menace, ENDOW, verb aid, allot, allow, award, bequeath, bestow,
misuse, molest, peril, persecute, prey upon, put in hazard, contribute, donate, endue, enrich, fund, furnish, give, grant,
put in jeopardy, risk, risk exposure to harm, speculate with, hand down, hand out, hand over, help, hominem, instruere,
stake, subject to loss, terrify, terrorize, threaten, torment, make pecuniary provision, pass down, present, provide, put
torture, victimize, violate in the hands of, subsidize, supply, supply with means
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: endanger life, endanger safety
ENDOWMENT, noun aid, allotment, allowance, appro-
ENDEAVOR, noun achievement, aim, application, assi- priation, assistance, award, benefaction, benefit, bequeathal,
duity, attempt, bid, campaign, cause, conatus, contentio, bequest, bestowal, bestowment, boon, bounty, contribution,
deed, effort, emprise, enterprise, essay, exercise, exertion, donation, dowry, enrichment, fund, funding, gift, grant,
experiment, exploit, feat, labor, nisus, pains, project, pursu- present, presentation, presentment, provision, stipend, sub-
ance, pursuit, quest, scheme, search, strain, strenuous ef- sidy
fort, struggle, sustained trial, task, toil, travail, trial, try, un- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: annuity, endowment fund, endow-
dertaking, venture, work ment policy in insurance

ENDEAVOR, verb address oneself to, aim, apply oneself ENDUE, verb accord, allot, allow, apportion, arm, as-
to, aspire, assay, assume, attempt, attempt strenuously, be sign, award, bestow, confer, dispense, donate, empower,
resolute, bestir oneself, bid, compete for, conari, contendere, enable, endow, enrich, entrust, fortify, furnish, give, grant,
do all one can, do one’s best, do one’s utmost, engage in, hand out, invest, invigorate, make provision for, present,
eniti, essay, exert effort, exert oneself, experiment, labor, make provide, strengthen, supply
a bid, make an attempt, make an effort, persevere, pursue, put
oneself out, resolve, risk, seek, set about, spare no effort, spare ENDURE (Last), verb abide, be constant, be durable, be
no pains, strain, strive, struggle, tackle, take a crack at, take firm, be permanent, be preserved, be prolonged, be pro-
action, take on, take pains, take up, take upon oneself, test, tracted, be timeless, carry on, continue, continue to be,
toil, trouble oneself, try, undertake, venture, vie for, work at continue to exist, durare, exist, exist uninterruptedly, exist
without break, extend, forge ahead, go on, hang on, have
ENDEMIC (Contagious), adjective catching, communi- duration, have no end, hold one’s ground, hold out, keep,
cable, dangerous, epidemic, epizootic, infectious, pestifer- linger on, live on, maintain, move ahead, outlast, outlive,
ous, transmittable perdure, permanere, persevere, persist, press onward,

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 ENDURE

prevail, progress, refuse to give up, refuse to yield, re- mightiness, momentum, muscle, potency, potentiality,
main, remain alive, remain valid, stand, stand fast, stay, power, pressure, puissance, punch, push, sinew, spirit,
subsist, survive, sustain, wear, weather, withstand stamina, steam, stir, strength, strenuousness, verve, vigor,
virility, vitality, vivacity, zeal
ENDURE (Suffer), verb accustom oneself to, be sub-
jected to, bear, bear pain, bear up under, bear without re- ENERVATE, verb adulterate, attenuate, debase, debilitate,
sistance, bide, brave, brook, continue under pain, counte- defeat, deplete, deprive of strength, devitalize, dilute, dimin-
nance, encounter, experience, experience unpleasantly, ish, disable, drain, enfeeble, fatigue, handicap, impair, inca-
face, feel, forbear, go through, make the best of, meet, pass pacitate, invalidate, lessen, lower, minimize, paralyze, re-
through, perferre, put up with, receive, resign oneself to, duce, sap, strain, thin, tire, undermine, water down, weaken
stand, stomach, submit to, suffer pain, sustain, sustinere,
swallow, take, take patiently, tolerate, undergo, weather, ENFORCE, verb administer, bring to pass, carry into ef-
withstand fect, carry into execution, carry out, carry through, coerce,
compel, compel obedience, confirmare, dictate, drive, ef-
ENEMY, noun adversary, antagonist, arch rival, assail- fect, effectuate, employ force, exact, execute, exsequi, force,
ant, betrayer, foe, nemesis, opponent, opposer, opposition, have executed, impel, implement, impose, insist on, insist
rival, sworn opponent, the other side upon, make compulsory, make effective, necessitate, obtain
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: alien enemy, tending to aid a public by compulsion, obtain by force, press, put in action, put in
enemy force, put in operation, put into effect, put into execution,
put pressure on, require, strengthen, subject to pressure
ENEMY ALIEN, noun adventitious, adversary, adverse, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: enforce a contract, enforce a judg-
antagonist, antagonistic, assailant, attacker, barbarian, com- ment, enforce a lien, enforce provisions of the law, enforce
petitor, conflicting, contender, contestant, contradictory, sanctions, enforcement proceedings
contrary, contrasting, counteracting, differing, dissimilar,
distant, emigrant, exotic, external, extrinsic, faraway, foe, ENFORCEMENT, noun administration, carrying into ef-
foeman, foreign, foreigner, hostile, hostile nation or state, fect, carrying out, coaction, compulsion, compulsory execu-
hostile party, immigrant, inimical, newcomer, nonterrestrial, tion, constraint, dictation, effectuation, exaction, execution,
opponent, opposed, opposer, opposite, outlander, outland- force, forcible urging, implementation, imposition, insis-
ish, outsider, outward, remote, rival, Satan, strange, stranger, tence, insistence upon, necessitation, necessity, obligation,
the adversary, the archenemy, the devil, the enemy, the op- obligement, pressure, requirement, strengthening, support
position, the other side, them, tramontane, transalpine, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: enforcement of a contract, enforce-
transatlantic, transmarine, transmontane, transpacific, ultra- ment of a judgment, enforcement of a lien, enforcement of
marine, ultramontane, ultramundane, unearthly, unlike, un- a right, enforcement proceeding
naturalized, unnaturalized citizen, vier, wetback FOREIGN PHRASES: Pacta conventa quae neque contra leges
neque dolo malo inita sunt omni modo observanda
ENEMY COMBATANT, noun active combatant in the sunt. Agreements which are not contrary to the laws nor
foreign theater of conflict, an enemy force, anarchist, assail- entered into with a fraudulent design must be observed in
ant, assassin, attacker, combatant, demoniac force, de- all respects. Executio juris non habet injuriam. The ex-
stroyer, detainee, enemy alien, enemy operation, faction at ecution of law does no injury. Scire leges non hoc est
war, fanatic, foreign assailant, hostile force, insurgent, in- verba earum tenere, sed vim ac potestatem. To know
ternees, murderer, opponent, radical, rebel, revolutionary, the laws is not to observe their words alone, but their force
revolutionist, rival force, subversive force, terrorist and power. Interest reipublicae ne maleficia remane-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: alien enemies, detainees, justice ant impunita. It concerns the state that crimes do not go
courts, military tribunals, Patriotic Act, prisoners of war, unpunished. Ex nudo pacto non oritur nascitur actio.
public enemies, terrorism, treason No action arises on a contract without a consideration.
Nemo jus sibi dicere potest. No one can declare the law
ENERGETIC, adjective active, aggressive, alive, ambi- for himself.
tious, animated, brisk, busy, chipper, committed, deter-
mined, devoted, diligent, driving, dynamic, eager, effective, ENFRANCHISE, verb accipere, admit to citizenship, ad-
effectual, efficacious, efficient, electric, emphatic, enterpris- sciscere, affranchise, allow, authorize, disenthrall, emanci-
ing, enthusiastic, excited, exerting effort, exertive, forceful, pate, empower, endow with political privilege, franchise,
forcible, full of energy, full of life, hardworking, industrious, free, free from political disabilities, give liberty to, give
jumping, laborious, lively, mighty, physical, potent, powerful, political privileges to, give the right to vote, grant, liberate,
pushing, ready to go, robust, snappy, spirited, vibrant, vigor- license, manumit, permit, permit to vote, qualify, recipere,
ous, vital, wholeheartedly supporting, zealous release, restore to liberty, sanction, set at liberty, set free

ENERGIZE, verb activate, agitate, animate, augment, ENGAGE (Hire), verb appoint, arrange for the services
boost, charge, dynamize, elate, electrify, empower, en- of, arrange for the use of, bind, book, charter, commission,
courage, enliven, excite to action, exhilarate, galvanize, conducere, contract for, employ, enlist, enlist in one’s ser-
give life to, goad, imbue with life, incite, inflame, inspire, vice, fill a position, give a job to, give a situation to, give
intensify, invigorate, kindle, labor, liven, magnetize, pep employment to, lease, let, obtain, procure, put to work, put
up, quicken, reinforce, restore, spur, stimulate, strain, under contract, reserve, retain, secure, set to work, staff
strengthen, struggle, toil, vitalize, vivify with, take into one’s employ, take into service
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: engage the services of an employee
ENERGY, noun activation, activity, animation, ardor,
brawn, dash, drive, dynamism, enterprise, ferment, fervor, ENGAGE (Involve), verb absorb, assail, associate, attack,
fire, force, forcefulness, go, hustle, impetus, industry, inten- battle, become involved, bring into conflict, busy, carry on
sity, labor, life, liveliness, lustiness, main force, might, hostilities, combat, compete, connect, contend, contest,

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draw in, encounter, engross, enmesh, entangle, enter into, ENGULF, verb absorb, annihilate, bury, consume, del-
enter into conflict with, entertain, fight with, fill one’s time, uge, destroy, devour, drown, entomb, exterminate, im-
gear with, hold the interest of, incipere, interest, interlock, merse, inundate, liquidate, overcome, overwhelm, sub-
join battle with, link, meet, mesh together, occupy, oppose, merge, submerse, swallow up
partake, participate, share, struggle, take on, take part,
tangle, undertake, wage war, war with ENHANCE, verb add to, advance in value, aggrandize,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: doing business, engaged in agricul- amplificare, amplify, appreciate, augere, augment, better,
ture, engaged in commerce, engaged in doing business, boost, brighten, cultivate, deepen, develop, elaborate, el-
engaged in interstate commerce, engaged in manufacture, evate, emphasize, enlarge, enrich, escalate, exaggerate,
engaged in transacting business, primarily engaged, princi- expand, extend, heighten, improve, increase the value of,
pally engaged intensify, lift, magnify, make better, make improvements,
make more attractive, make more valuable, maximize,
ENGAGE IN, verb accept, apply oneself to, assume, be perfect, polish, promote, raise, refine, reinforce, retouch,
occupied with, carry on, commence, commit to, concern sharpen, strengthen, touch up, upgrade, uplift, upraise
oneself with, conduct, contract, devote oneself to, embark ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: enhanced in value
on, employ, endeavor, execute, exercise, follow, labor,
manage, operate, participate, ply, practice, prosecute, pur- ENHANCED SENTENCING, noun aggravating factors
sue, take up, touch, undertake, use, venture on, work involved in sentencing, enhancement fact involved in sen-
tencing, higher-level classification involved in sentencing,
ENGAGEMENT (Appointment), noun adventure, appli- increased penalties in the sentencing process
cation, assignation, assurance, commitment, competition, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: prior history enhancement used in
contract, covenant, duty, encounter, enlistment, enter- sentencing
prise, interaction, interaffiliation, interplay, interview, in-
volvement, meeting, obligation, pursuit, responsibility, ENHANCEMENT (Exaggeration), noun aggrandizement,
undertaking elaboration, embellishment, exaggeration, exaltation, hy-
perbole, magnification, overstatement, superlative
ENGAGEMENT (Confrontation), noun altercation, argu-
ment, battle, brawl, clash, collision, combat, conflict, con- ENHANCEMENT (Increase), noun accession, advance,
frontation, contention, disagreement, discord, dispute, aggrandizement, amelioration, amendment, amplification,
embroilment, fight, fracas, fray, skirmish, squabble, strug- augmentation, betterment, boom, deepening, develop-
gle, wrangle ment, enlargement, enrichment, exaltation, heightening,
improvement, intensification, melioration, progress, rais-
ENGENDER, verb arouse, author, be the cause of, bear, ing, reform, renewal, revaluation, strengthening
beget, begin, breed, bring about, bring forth, bring into
being, bring into existence, call forth, call into being, cause, ENIGMA, noun aenigma, ambages, ambiguous saying,
cause to exist, create, develop, effect, effectuate, excite, arcanum, bewilderment, braintwister, complexity, confusing
execute, furnish, generare, generate, gignere, give rise to, statement, confusion, difficulty, inexplicable statement, inscru-
hatch, help, induce, incite, induce, initiate, institute, lead table person, knotty point, mystery, obscure question, ob-
to, manufacture, occasion, originate, plant, produce, pro- scure statement, paradox, perplexity, poser, problem, puzzle,
voke, spawn, start, stir up, take birth, yield puzzling problem, question, riddle, secret, stumper, teaser
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: engender a settlement
ENIGMATIC, adjective ambiguous, baffling, bewilder-
ENGINE, noun apparatus, appliance, contraption, con- ing, bothering, confounding, confusing, conjectural, cryptic,
trivance, convenience, device, facility, generator, imple- disconcerting, esoteric, hard to understand, hidden, inexpli-
mentation, locomotive, machine, machinery, means, me- cable, mysterious, mystifying, nebulous, obscure, of hidden
chanical aid, mechanical device, mechanism, method, meaning, perplexing, perturbing, puzzling, secret, veiled
motor, muscle power, power plant, powerhouse, source of
power, tool, transducer, transformer, turbine, utensil, utility ENJOIN, verb abate, ban, bar, barricade, bid, block, block-
ade, bring to a standstill, cause to halt, charge, command,
ENGINEER, noun architect, artificer, contractor, con- constrain, curb, decree, dictate, direct, disallow, disapprove,
triver, creator, framer, instigator, inventor, machinist, maker, discountenance, embargo, exact, exhort, foil, forbid, forbid by
manager, mechanic, originator, producer law, forestall, frustrate, give orders, hamper, hinder, hold in
check, impede, impose, impose a ban, impose a duty, im-
ENGINEER, verb arrange, assemble, brew, build, cause, col- pose a task, impose with authority, inhibit, insist on, instruct,
lude, compose, conspire, construct, contrive, control, create, interdict, issue an order, keep from happening, keep in
devise, direct, erect, finagle, handle, hatch, intrigue, jockey, bounds, lay under embargo, limit, make unlawful, not coun-
machinate, manage, maneuver, manipulate, manufacture, mili- tenance, not permit, oblige, order, place under interdiction,
tate, negotiate, operate, originate, oversee, pioneer, plan, plot, place under the ban, positively direct, preclude, prevent,
produce, program, raise, regulate, run, scheme, wangle prohibit, prohibit by legal injunction, prompt, proscribe, put a
stop to, put an end to, put under an injunction, put under an
ENGROSS (Copy), verb address, assimilate, inscribe, interdiction, put under embargo, put under the ban, quash,
inscroll, record, scribe, scroll, superscribe, transcribe, write, quell, repress, require, restrain, restrain by injunction, restrict,
write out retard, rule, stem, stop, suppress, thwart
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: permanent injunction, preliminary in-
ENGROSS (Monopolize), verb absorb, busy, obsess, junction, temporary injunction
consume, corner, devour, drink in, employ, engage, haunt,
have all to oneself, immerse, impropriate, occupy, preoc- ENJOY (Take pleasure in), verb admire, adore, appreci-
cupy, take up ate, apprise, cherish, delight in, dote on, esteem, extol, fancy,

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favor, find satisfaction in, honor, idolize, indulge in, like, love, ENMESH, verb box in, capture, complicate, confuse,
luxuriate in, prefer, prize, rejoice in, relish, respect, revel in, draw in, embroil, engage, ensnare, ensnarl, entangle, en-
revere, savor, treasure, value, venerate, wallow in, worship toil, entrap, envelop, hook, implicate, incriminate, in-
volve, lure, mesh, mire, net, rope in, snare, tangle, tram-
ENJOY (Use), verb acquire, appropriate, assume owner- mel, trap, twist
ship in, claim, command, conserve, control, dwell, dwell in,
hold, inhabit, keep, live in, manage, occupy, own, possess, ENMITY, adjective acrimony, alienation, anger, animos-
preserve, procure, rent, reserve, retain, take up residence ity, animus, antagonism, antipathy, aversion, bitterness,
in, use, utilize, withhold contention, despise, dislike, estrangement, hard feelings,
hate, hatred, hostility, ill will, invidiousness, loathe, ma-
ENJOYMENT (Pleasure), noun amusement, bliss, delecta- levolence, malice, malignity, odium, opposition, rancor,
tion, delight, diversion, ecstasy, entertainment, exhilaration, repugnance, venom
fructus, gaiety, gaudium, gratification, gusto, merriment,
recreation, refreshment, rejoicing, relaxation, relish, satisfac- ENMITY, noun animosity, animus, antagonism, antipa-
tion, thrill, treat, zest thy, bad blood, bitterness, blood feud, conflict, coolness,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Omnis privatio praesupponit habitum. disaffection, discord, estrangement, feud, friction, grudge,
Every privation presupposes a former enjoyment. hate, hatred, hostility, ill-will, inhospitableness, jaundice,
loathing, malice, malignancy, malignity, rancor, score,
ENJOYMENT (Use), noun avail, disposal, employment, spite, spitefulness, strain, tension, unfriendliness, vendetta,
habitation, occupancy, occupation, ownership, possession, venom, vindictiveness, virulence, vitriol alienation
prerogative, proprietorship, retention, seisin, tenancy, ten-
ure, usuage, utilization ENNOBLE, verb a higher position, adorn, advance, ag-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: adverse enjoyment, covenant of quiet grandize, bestow honor upon, boost, build up, canonize,
enjoyment confer an honor, consecrate, deify, dignify, distinguish, el-
evate, erect, exalt, glorify, grace, heighten, hold aloft,
ENLARGE, verb add to, aggrandize, amplificare, am- honor, knight, lift, lionize, look up to, magnify, praise, pro-
plify, annex, augere, augment, broaden, build, build up, mote, prop, put on a pedestal, raise, sanctify, uplift
develop, dilatare, dilate, distend, elaborate, enhance, esca-
late, exaggerate, expatiate, extend, fatten, fill out, grow, ENORMITY, noun complexity, enormous size, enor-
increase, inflate, intensify, lengthen, magnify, make greater, mousness, immense scope, immensity, vast size
make larger, multiply, progress, protract, raise, spread, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: enormity of a crime
stretch, supplement, swell, widen
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: materially alter, repair ENORMOUS, adjective colossal, excessive, gigantic,
huge, immense, large, mammoth, massive, tremendous, vast
ENLARGEMENT (Addition), noun accession, advance, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: enormous burden of proof to over-
advancement, aggrandizement, aggravation, augmentation, come
broadening, expatiation, explication, extension, fullness,
growth, increment, intensification, multiplication, prolifera- ENOUGH, noun a satisfactory amount, a substantial
tion, spreading, tumefaction, widening amount, a sufficient amount, a suitable amount, abundance,
acceptable amount, adequacy, adequate amount, ample
ENLARGEMENT (Exaggeration), noun amplification, amount, complete amount, copious amount, full amount,
blow-up, development, distortion, enhancement, expan- just amount, minimal amount, plenteous amount, plenty
sion, increase, inflation, magnification, overstatement ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: enough evidence, imprisonment,
tough enough laws
ENLIGHTEN, verb account for, acquaint, apprise, clarify,
disclose, divulge, edify, educate, elucidate, enable to com- ENRAGE, verb acerbate, agitate, anger, enflame, exac-
prehend, enable to see, enucleate, explain, explicate, ex- erbate, exasperate, fire up, incense, inflame, infuriate, irk,
pound, free from ignorance, free from prejudice, free from irritate, lash into, madden, provoke, rile
superstition, give reason for, illuminate, illumine, illustrate, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: provocation, self-defense
impart, inform, inluminare, inlustrare, instruct, interpret,
make aware, make clear, make known, notify, report, re- ENRICHMENT, noun adornment, advancement, ag-
veal, shed light upon, simplify, spell out, teach, tutor grandizement, appreciation, beautification, betterment,
cultivation, decoration, development, embellishment,
ENLIGHTENMENT, noun appreciation, awakening, clari- endowment, enhancement, furtherance, improvement, or-
fication, cognition, cognizance, comprehension, direction, namentation, refinement, reward
disabusal, disclosure, edification, education, elucidation, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: unjust enrichment, unlawful enrichment
enucleation, experience, explication, explanation, familiar-
ity, illumination, insight, instruction, intelligence, knowl- ENROLL, verb accept as a member, adscribere, book,
edge, learning, mention, monition, objectivity, perception, catalog, docket, draft, enlist, enter, enter on a list, enter on
publication, rationalism, realization, recongition, refine- a record, enter on a register, file, induct, initiate, inscribe,
ment, sense, teaching, tip, understanding join, list, make a member, make a record, record, recruit,
register, sign up, subscribe
ENLIST, verb activate, admit, attract, call up, conscript,
draft, employ, engage, enroll, get, impress, induce, induct, ENSCONCE, verb blanket, camouflage, cloak, cloud,
initiate, inscribe, join, mobilize, muster, procure, recruit, conceal, cover, cover up, curtain, disguise, eclipse, encase,
register, retain, sign up enclose, enshield, enshroud, envelop, enwrap, guard, hide,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: conscription, enlist into a voluntary hide away, hide from view, hide securely, keep from danger,
army, enlist support of witnesses, enlistment keep guarded, keep hidden, keep safe, keep secret, keep

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under cover, mask, obscure, preserve, protect, safeguard, go into, inire, intrare, introire, make an entrance, pass into,
screen, seclude, secrete, secure, shade, shadow, sheathe, set foot in, step in, walk in
shelter, shield, shroud, suppress, veil, watch over, wrap ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: breaking and entering, forcible entry,
immigration, lawful entry, open and peaceable entry, tres-
ENSCONCED, adjective deep-rooted, deeply en- pass
grained, deeply implanted, deeply manifest, engrained,
established, impeded, imprinted, indoctrinated, injected, ENTER (Insert), verb implant, infuse, inject, intercalate,
instilled, manifest interject, interpose, introduce, intromit, place into, put in,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: precedence deep-rooted in the law, stick in
common law
ENTER (Penetrate), verb bore, cut into, cut through, drill,
ENSHROUD, verb blanket, camouflage, case, cloak, empierce, gore, impale, infiltrate, interpenetrate, invade,
cloud, conceal, cover, curtain, disguise, eclipse, encase, lance, perforate, pervade, pierce, prick, puncture, sink into,
enclose, ensconce, envelop, enwrap, guard, hide, hood, stab, transpierce
invest, keep clandestine, keep from notice, keep from
view, keep hidden, keep out of sight, keep under cover, ENTER (Record), verb catalog, check in, chronicle, en-
mantle, mask, obscure, obstruct the view of, prevent from roll, file, inscribe, inscroll, jot down, list, log, make an entry,
being discovered, prevent from being seen, protect, render mark down, note, place in the record, post, put down, put
invisible, screen, seclude, secrete, shade, sheathe, shelter, in writing, put on record, referre, register, report, set down,
shield, shroud, surround, swathe, veil, visor, wrap tabulate, take down, transcribe, write down, write in
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: entered on the record, entry of a
ENSNARE, verb allure, ambuscade, ambush, appre- judgment
hend, bait, bamboozle, beguile, bilk, bluff, capture, catch,
catch unprepared, cheat, cozen, deceive, decoy, defraud, ENTER AN APPEARANCE, verb appear as a counselor
delude, dupe, enmesh, entangle, entice, entrap, fool, gull, at law, appear as an attorney, appear as counsel, arrive,
hoax, hoodwink, hook, inlicere, inretire, lay a trap for, lead attend, check in, defend, disclose representation, disclo-
astray, lead on by artifice, lure, misdirect, misguide, mis- sure, entry of an appearance, official disclosure, register as
lead, net, outmaneuver, outwit, play one false, set a trap an attorney in court, represent, show, show up in court,
for, snare, take advantage of, take by craft, take by strate- turn up
gem, trap, trepan, trick, victimize, waylay
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: entrapment ENTERPRISE (Economic organization), noun business,
business establishment, commercial establishment, com-
ENSUE, verb arise, attend as consequence, be caused pany, concern, corporate body, corporation, firm, house,
by, be due to, be subsequent, be the effect of, come after, industry, syndicate
come afterward, come next, derive, develop, eventuate, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: commercial enterprise, free enterprise,
flow, follow, follow as a consequence, follow in a train of private enterprise
events, grow out of, issue, occur, proceed, result, spring,
succeed, supervene, transpire ENTERPRISE (Undertaking), noun activity, adventure,
attempt, campaign, cause, effort, endeavor, engagement,
ENSUING, adjective after, following, later, next, poste- inceptum, job, occupation, operation, opus, plan, program,
rior, resultant, resulting, subsequent, succeeding, succes- project, pursuit, scheme, task, undertaking, venture
sive, sequential ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: mutual enterprise

ENSURE, verb ascertain, assure, certify, check, clinch, ENTERTAIN (Consider), verb analyze, assimilate, chew
confirm, corroborate, dismiss doubt, endorse, give security, over, cogitate, consider, contemplate, debate, deliberate,
give surety, guarantee, indemnify against loss, insure, keep digest, dwell, examine, eye, fixate, fret, mull over, muse,
from harm, keep safe, make certain, make sure, offer col- obsess, opine, pore over, propend, question, reason, re-
lateral, promise, protect, safeguard, secure, underwrite, flect, reminisce, review, revolve, ruminate, speculate,
verify, warrant study, think over, turn, weigh, wrestle with

ENTAIL, verb adferre, call for, demand, force, impel, ENTERTAIN (Host), verb amuse, bewitch, captivate,
include as a necessary consequence, inferre, involve, make comfort, disport, divert, enchant, engage, engross, enjoy,
essential, make incumbent, make inescapable, make neces- enthrall, excite, gratify, have fun, indulge, interest, intrigue,
sary, make requisite, make unavoidable, necessitate, need, occupy, pique, please, regale, satisfy, solace, stimulate
obligate, occasion, require
ENTERTAIN (Perform), verb act, amuse, captivate, de-
ENTANGLEMENT (Confusion), noun agitation, chaos, light, divert, enact, headline, imitate, impersonate, inspire,
commotion, complexity, complication, confusedness, de- inspirit, masquerade, mime, mimic, pantomime, play, play-
rangement, disarrangement, disarry, disorder, disorganiza- act, portray, recreate, regale, role-play, showcase, star
tion, embroilment, enmeshment, ferment, imbroglio, intri-
cacy, irregularity, jumble, maze, mix-up, snag, snarl, tumult ENTERTAINMENT, noun amusement, cabaret, carnival,
celebration, cheer, concert, delight, enjoyment, exhibition,
ENTANGLEMENT (Involvement), noun dilemma, entrap- extravaganza, festival, firm industry, frolic, fun, gaiety, gala,
ment, fix, implicatio, implication, incrimination, inculpation, gratification, jollity, joviality, lark, merriment, merrymaking,
predicament, scrape, strait movie industry, party, pastime, performance, pleasure,
presentation, production, reception, recreation, regale-
ENTER (Go in), verb arrive, board, come in, cross the ment, relaxation, show, spectacle, treat
threshold, effect an entrance, gain admittance, gain entry, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: entertainment law

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ENTHRALL, verb absorb, arrest, bedazzle, beguile, totality, totalness, totus, undiminished quantity, undivided-
bewitch, captivate, catch up, charm, delight, elate, en- ness, whole, wholeness
chant, engage, engross, enrapture, entrance, excite, ex- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: entirety clause, tenants by the entirety,
hilarate, fascinate, gladden, gratify, grip, hypnotize, tenants in common
involve, mesmerize, monopolize, please, satisfy, spellbind,
stir, thrill ENTITLED, adjective allowed, authorized, deserved,
deserving, desirable, due, earned, eligible, empowered, fit,
ENTHUSIASM, noun animation, bounce, buoyancy, having the right, justified, labeled, legalized, licensed, mer-
delight, determination, devotedness, devotion, eager- ited, ordained, permitted, privileged, qualified, sanctioned,
ness, ebullience, ecstasy, elation, emotion, energy, ex- suitable, warranted, worthy
citement, exhilaration, exuberance, feeling, fervor, fever,
fire, force, frenzy, furor, fury, glow, gusto, heat, intensity, ENTITLEMENTS, noun advance, advantages, aid, alloca-
intentness, interest, joy, keenness, liveliness, mania, pas- tions, allowance, annuities, assistance, benefits, benefits
sion, rage, rapture, relish, snap, spirit, vehemence, verve, provided to the public, bequests, birthrights, concessions,
vigor, vim, vitality, zeal, zealousness, zest, zip endowments, exemptions, favors, funds, government pro-
grams, grant-in-aid, grants, guaranteed benefits, help, lega-
ENTHUSIAST, verb addict, adherent, admirer, aficio- cies, liberties, personal financial benefits, privilege, relief,
nado, angel, backer, believer, booster, champion, collector, rights, social programs, state aid, stipends, subsidies, sub-
devotee, disciple, fan, fanatic, fiend, follower, hound, lover, sistence, subventions, support
maniac, partisan, promoter, supporter, zealot ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: Medicaid, Medicare, Social Security,
unemployment insurance
ENTHUSIASTIC, adjective absorbed, all fired up, all
worked up, animated, anxious, ardent, attracted, avid, ENTITY, noun actuality, being, body, character, corpus,
burning, chomping at the bit, charged up, crazed, de- creature, embodiment, existence, individual, item, life, liv-
lighted, demonstrative, desiring, desirous, dying to, eager, ing thing, matter, module, object, oneness, organism,
earnest, ebullient, ecstatic, effervescent, effusive, emotive, separate existence, single item, single piece, specimen,
energetic, enraptured, enthused, excited, exhilarated, ex- tangible object, unit, unit of being
pressive, exuberant, fanatical, fascinated, fervent, fervid, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: corporate entity, distinct entity, legal
fevered, feverish, fiery, gushing, impassioned, impatient, entity, separate entity
intent, interested, keen, keen about, longing, passionate,
spirited, thrilled, vehement, vigorous, vivacious, whole- ENTRANCE, noun access, adit, aditus, admission, ante-
hearted, zealous room, approach, door, entry, entryway, foyer, gangway,
gate, gateway, illapse, infiltration, influx, ingress, inlet, in-
ENTICE, verb allure, bait, cajole, coax, decoy, divert, road, insertion, introgression, introitus, invasion, lobby,
induce, inveigh, lure, seduce, tempt means of access, means of entering, mouth, opening, os-
tium, passage, passageway, penetration, place of entry,
ENTICEMENT, noun allurement, appeal, attraction, portal, reception, threshold, vestibule, way in
bait, beckoning, call, charm, decoy, enchantment, encour- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: forcible entrance, public entrance
agement, entrapment, impetus, impulse, incentive, induce-
ment, influence, invitation, lure, motivation, persuasion, ENTRAP, verb allure, bait, beckon, befool, beguile,
power, seducement, seduction, snare, stimulus, sway, bring unawares into danger, bring unawares into evil,
temptation, trap, wrongful allure, wrongful allurement, catch, catch by artifice, deceive, decoy, draw as by a
wrongful appeal, wrongful attraction, wrongful attractive- lure, draw by artful inducements, draw in, dupe, enmesh,
ness, wrongful bait, wrongful decoy, wrongful draw, ensnare, entangle, entice, fool, hold out allurement, hold
wrongful glamour, wrongful inducement, wrongful invita- out temptation, inlicere, inretire, inveigle, lay a snare for, lay
tion, wrongful lure, wrongful seduction, wrongful solicita- a trap for, lead astray, lead by inducement, lead into danger
tion, wrongful temptation by artifice, lead into temptation, lead on, lure, lure into a
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS : coercion and enticement, illegal compromising act, set a snare for, set a trap for, snare, take
enticement in, tempt, trap, trip up
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: predisposition to commit a crime
ENTIRE, adjective absolute, across the boards, aggre-
gate, all-inclusive, complete, complete gamut, complete ENTREATY, noun adjuration, appeal, beseechment, call,
universe, comprehensive, entire universe, exhaustive, ex- cry, earnest request, impetration, imploration, importunity,
tensive, full, full-fledged, gross, inclusive, in-depth, inte- invocation, obsecratio, obsecration, obtestatio, petition,
gral, plenary, sound, sweeping, thorough, total, unabated, plea, prayer, preces, request, solicitation, suit, supplication
unabridged, unalloyed, unbounded, undiminished, undi-
vidable, unequivocal, unimpaired, unimpeded, unitary, ENTRENCH, verb advance, barricade, brace, bulwark, but-
universal, unlimited, unmitigated, unmodified, unqualified, tress, defend, embattle, embed, encroach, establish, fortify,
unrestricted, whole, widesweeping immerse in, immersed in, infiltrate, invade, make inroads,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: entire act, entire benefit, entire con- overrun, protect, reinforce, shore up, solidify, surround, wall
tract, entire estate, entire use ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: entrench leadership, entrench power

ENTIRETY, noun accumulation, aggregate, all, amount, ENTREPRENEUR, noun administrator, baron, business
assemblage, collectiveness, collectivity, completeness, leader, businessman, businessperson, businesswoman, di-
completion, comprehensiveness, congeries, ensemble, rector, employer, enterpriser, exec, executive, financier, in-
entire amount, entireness, everything, exhaustiveness, full- dustrialist, magnate, man of commerce, owner, producer,
ness, gross, gross amount, inclusiveness, indiscerptibility, top executive, tycoon
indiscerptibleness, intactness, lot, lump, mass, sum, total, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: entrepreneur law, free trade

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ENTRUST, verb appoint, assign, assign the care of, au- enumeration, explanation, exposition, presentation,
thorize, charge with a duty, charge with a trust, commit, proclamation, statement, talking, verbalization
committere, concredere, consign, delegate, depute, depu-
tize, devolve, elect, empower, give a mandate, give a re- ENVELOP, verb beleaguer, beseige, beset, blanket, box,
sponsibility to, invest empower, license, make someone cage, case, circumfundere, circumscribe, cloak, cloister, close
guardian of, mandare, place in the protection of, put in in, clothe, compass, completely cover, conceal, confine, cor-
charge, trust, turn over for safekeeping ral, cover, curtain, edge, embox, embrace, encapsulate, en-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: entrust goods, entrust personal property case, encircle, enclose, encompass, enfold, enshroud, ens-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Securius expediuntur negotia commissa phere, environ, enwrap, fence in, frame, go around, hedge in,
pluribus, et plus vident oculi quam oculus. Matters hem in, hide, hood, involvere, mask, obducere, obscure, over-
which are entrusted to several persons are executed more lay, protect, screen, sheathe, shelter, shield, shroud, surround,
surely, because eyes see more than an eye. swaddle, swathe, veil, wall in, wrap, wrap around, wrap up

ENTRY (Entrance), noun access, adit, admission, en- ENVELOPMENT, noun clothe, concealment, cover, em-
trance, immigration, ingress, ingression, passage bracement, encasement, enclosement, hood, overlay, pro-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: entry on land, forcible entry, lawful tection, screen, sheathe, shelter, shield, shroud, surroundings
entry, trespass
ENVIABLE, adjective advantageous, appropriate, apt,
ENTRY (Record), noun account, bulletin, chronicle, de- auspicious, befitting, beneficial, best, better, correct, covet-
position, file, information preserved in writing, inscription, able, desirable, effective, efficacious, excellent, excep-
item, memo, memorandum, minute, nomen, note, re- tional, exemplary, favored, fitting, fortunate, lucky, merito-
corded item, registration, report, statement recorded in a rious, opportune, positive, privileged, promising,
book, writing, written record propitious, providential, right, satisfactory, suitable, supe-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: entry by court, entry in regular course rior, timely, welcome, well-timed
of business, entry of an appeal, entry of an appearance,
entry of an order, entry of judgment, writ of entry ENVIRONMENT, noun atmosphere, aura, circumstances,
context, environs, locality, milieu, situation, surroundings
ENUMERATE, verb be specific, catalog, count, designate,
detail, differentiate, enroll, enumerare, index, inventory, ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION, noun mainte-
itemize, keep count, list, make a list, mention, mention one nance of the environment, maintenance of the habitat,
by one, mention specifically, name expressly, name one by preservation of the environs, protection of the environment
one, number, numerate, point out, specify, tabulate
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: descriptive enumeration, enumerated ENVISION, verb conceive, conceptualize, concoct, con-
counts, enumerated motions jure, contemplate, create, daydream, dream, duplicate,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Enumeratio infirmat regulam in casibus envisage, expect, fabricate, fancy, fantasize, fantasy, fore-
non enumeratis. Enumeration disaffirms the rule in cases see, hallucinate, ideate, image, imagine, invent, make up,
which are not enumerated. manufacture, materialize, meditate, muse, picture, predict,
prefigure, project, re-create, reflect, regard, relive, remi-
ENUMERATION, noun ascertainment, breviary, brief, nisce, see, theorize, think up, view, vision, visualize
budget, cache, capsule, cataloging, completion, declara-
tion, demographics, demography, enunciation, evaluation, EPHEMERAL, adjective brevis, brief, caducous, cadu-
fund, hoard, implementation, inventory, mine, nest egg, cus, continuing for a short time, deciduous, disappearing,
numeration, ordering, outline, pool, pot, précis, purse, elusive, enduring only a very short time, ephemerous, eva-
recap, recapitulation, repertoire, reserve, reservoir, re- nescent, existing for a short time, fleeting, fugacious, fugi-
source, roundup, rundown, run-through, source, statistics, tive, hurried, impermanent, lasting a very short time, mete-
stats, stock, stockpile, sum, summarization, summing-up, oric, meteorical, momentary, mortal, nondurable, not
synopsis, tally, well, wrap-up lasting, passing, perishable, short, short-lived, temporal,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: enumeration of the paragraphs in a temporary, transient, transitory, unenduring, unius diei,
complaint unstable, vanishing, volatile

ENUNCIATE, verb accent, affirm, announce, annunciate, EPHEMERALLY, adverb a condition of short duration, a
apprise, articulate, assert, asseverate, aver, declaim, de- passing condition, a situation of finite duration, brief condi-
clare, edicere, emit, enounce, explain, express, give expres- tion, evanescence, fading condition, fleeting condition,
sion, give utterance, indicare, inform, intonate, intone, fluffiness, insubstantiality, light overview, momentary con-
make an announcement, mouth, notify, phonate, proclaim, dition, nonsubstantial perspective, short-lived condition,
profess, promulgate, pronounce, pronounce distinctly, temporary situation, transience, transitory situation
pronounce in a distinct manner, pronuntiare, publish, put in
words, say, speak, speak clearly, state, stress, tell, utter, EPIC, adjective chronicle, classic, colossal, descriptive,
verbalize, vocalize, voice detailed, elevated, exalted, fabulous, fantastic, grand, gran-
diose, great, heroic, high-flown, high-sounding, historic,
ENUNCIATION (Articulation), noun articulation, deliv- historical, history, impressive, inflated, legend, legendary,
ery, diction, elocution, expression, fluency, phonation, lofty, majestic, major, momentous, monumental, narrative,
precise grammar, precise pronunciation, saying, speaking, on a grand scale, saga, significant, story, superhuman, tre-
specific style of speaking, speech, utterance, vocalization, mendous, vast
voicing, wording
EPIDEMIC (Disease), noun ailment, contagion, disease,
ENUNCIATION (Declaration), noun amplification, an- endemic, illness, infection, malady, pandemic, plague,
nouncement, attestation, communication, disclosure, scourge, sickness

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ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: antiepidemic law, epidemic law, EQUIPOISE, noun balance, counterbalance, counter-
pandemic poise, counterweight, equal distribution of weight, equality
of force, equality of weight, equilibration, equilibrium, equi-
EPIDEMIC (Large scale), noun a far-reaching occur- ponderance, even balance, evenness, match, offset, parity,
rence, a rampant situation, a universal situation, a wide- stability, symmetry
spread situation, acceleration, an omnibus situation, bur-
geoning number, comprehensiveness, extensiveness, EQUIPPED, adjective able, accoutered, accustomed,
flurry, increasing number, mounting number, upsurge, up- adapted, adjusted, all set, allotted, armed, arrayed, autho-
swing, upturn rized, bedecked, clothed, conditioned, educated, empow-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: class action ered, enabled, entitled, fit, fitted, fitted out, furnished,
girded, groomed, habituated, indoctrinated, instructed,
EPIPHANY, noun comprehension, contemplation, cre- loaded, outfitted, prepared, readied, ready, ready to go,
ation, disclosure, divine inspiration, divine revelation, rigged, schooled, seasoned, set up, shaped, steeled,
expression, innovation, manifestation, meaning, mystical stocked, suited, supplied, tailored, trained
experience, mystical intuition, prophecy, prophetic,
remarkable idea, revelation, revolutionary idea, revolution- EQUITABLE, adjective aequus, deserved, detached,
ary solution, understanding disinterested, dispassionate, distributing justice, equal,
evenhanded, exhibiting equity, existing in equity, fair, fair-
EPISODE, noun chapter, circumstance, event, experi- minded, giving each his due, honest, honorable, impartial,
ence, happening, incident, occasion, occurrence, sequel, incorrupt, incorruptible, iustus, just, merited, meritus, neu-
short-lived event, sudden event tral, objective, principled, proper, reasonable, right, righ-
teous, scrupulous, unbiased, unbigoted, unchallengeable,
EPITOME, noun characteristic part, core, embodiment, unprejudiced, upright
essence, exemplification, model, representative, standard, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: equitable assignment, equitable
summarium, typical component, typical part, typification charge, equitable claim, equitable conversion, equitable
counterclaim, equitable defenses, equitable estate, equita-
EPITOMIZE, verb abstract, actualize, boil down, brief, ble estoppel, equitable interest, equitable lien, equitable
characterize, concretize, digest, duplicate, embody, encap- life estate, equitable mortgage, equitable rate of interest,
sulate, exemplify, express, externalize, illustrate, image, equitable recission, equitable recoupment, equitable relief,
incarnate, incorporate, instantiate, manifest, mean, model, equitable remedy, equitable rights, equitable set-off, equi-
objectify, personify, represent, resemble, substantiate, table title, fair and equitable value
symbolize, translate into, typify
EQUITABLE ESTOPPEL, noun bar, equity, fairness, jus-
EQUAL, adjective abreast, aequalis, aequus, alike, bal- tice, legal argument barred by a party’s prior conduct, legal
anced, coequal, coextensive, coordinate, democratic, equa- bar, principle that denies legal relief to a wrongdoer, prohi-
ble, equalized, equally divided, equidistant, equilateral, bition, relief barred by the misrepresentations of a party
equipollent, equitable, even, evenhanded, fair, fair-minded,
homologous, identical in amount, identical in quantity, iden- EQUITY (Justice), noun aequitas, aequum, chancery,
tical in size, identical in value, impartial, just, like, like in evenhandedness, fair-mindedness, fair treatment, fairness,
degree, like in quantity, matched, of the same degree, of honesty, ideal justice, impartial justice, iustitia, justice,
the same rank, on a par, on even terms, on the same level, justice as distinguished from conformity to enactments or
same, similar, symmetric, symmetrical, tantamount, tied, to statutes, justice ascertained by natural reason, justice
the same degree, unbiased, unchanging, undeviating, un- under the law, justness, natural right, quality of being
fluctuating, uniform, unprejudiced, unvaried, unvarying equal and fair, reasonableness, recourse to the principles of
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: equal before the law, equal in degree, natural justice, redress, remedial justice, right dealing,
equal in value, equal protection of laws, equal taxation, righteousness, rightfulness, spirit of the law, unwritten law,
equally divided, separate but equal uprightness
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: balance of equities, chancery, equita-
EQUALITY, noun balance, equal in quality, equal op- ble right, equity action, equity jurisdiction, existing equi-
portunity, equal rights, equal status, equivalence, even- ties, suit in equity
handedness, evenness, fairness, fairness in opportunity, FOREIGN PHRASES: Nihil tam conveniens est naturali aequi-
righteousness tati quam unumquodque dissolvi eo ligamine quo liga-
tum est. Nothing is so agreeable to natural equity as that a
EQUALIZE, verb accommodate, adjust, balance, com- thing should be dissolved by the same means by which it
pensate, counteract, counterbalance, equate, equilibrate, was bound. Lex aequitate gaudet; appetit perfectum; est
equipoise, even, homogenize, level, normalize, regularize, norma recti. The law delights in equity; it grasps at perfec-
standardize tion; it is a rule of right. In fictione juris semper aequitas
existit. In a fiction of law, equity is always present. Equitas
EQUATE, verb analyze, assess, balance, compare, coor- sequitur legem. Equity follows the law. Lex respicit ae-
dinate, counterbalance, determine, equalize, judge, match, quitatem. The law regards equity. Ratio in jure aequitas
measure against integra. Reason in law is impartial equity. Nulli vendemus,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: equate law with morality, equating law nulli negabimus, aut differemus rectum vel justitian.
with justice We will sell to none, we will deny to none, we will delay to
none, either equity or justice. Judex ante oculos aequita-
EQUIPMENT, noun accouterment, apparatus, appoint- tem semper habere debet. A judge ought always to have
ment, material, provisioning, supplies equity before his eyes. Aequitas supervacua odit. Equity
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: equipment trust agreement, equip- abhors superfluous things. Aequitas uxoribus, liberis,
ment trust certificate creditoribus maxime favet. Equity favors wives and

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children, creditors most of all. Aequitas est quasi ae- EQUIVOCAL, adjective ambiguous, ambiguus, ambiva-
qualitas. Equity is as it were equality. Aequum et bonum lent, amphibological, amphibolous, anceps, bewildering,
est lex legum. That which is equitable and right is the law cloudy, confusing, controversial, debatable, deceptive,
of laws. In omnibus quidem, maxime tamen injure, ae- dim, disputable, doubtful, dubious, enigmatic, enigmatical,
quitas spectanda sit. In all matters, but especially in law, equivocating, equivocatory, hard to understand, hazy, im-
equity should be regarded. Prima pars aequitatis ae- perspicuous, imprecise, indecisive, indefinite, indetermi-
qualitas. The prime element of equity is equality. Nemo nate, misleading, moot, nebulous, obscure, of doubtful
allegans suam turpitudinem audien dus est. No one meaning, of uncertain significance, open, open to question,
should be permitted to testify as a witness to his own base- perplexing, possessing double meaning, prevaricating,
ness or wickedness. Nemo ex suo delicto meliorem suam puzzling, questionable, recondite, shadowy, uncertain, un-
conditionem facere potest. No one can improve his con- clarified, unclear, undecided, undefined, undetermined,
dition by his own misdeed. Jure naturae aequum est ne- unexplained, unintelligible, unplain, unresolved, unsolved,
minem cum alterius detrimento et injuria fieri locuple- unsure, untransparent, vague, veiled
tiorem. According to the laws of nature, it is just that no FOREIGN PHRASES: Verba aequivoca, ac in dubio sensu
one should be enriched by the detriment and injury of an- posita, intelliguntur digniori et potentiori sensu.
other. Nihil iniquius quam aequitatem nimis intendere. Equivocal words and those which are used in a doubtful
Nothing is more unjust than to extend equity too far. Judex sense are to be understood in their more worthy and effec-
aequitatem semper spectare debet. A judge ought al- tive sense.
ways to regard equity. Bonus judex secundum aequum
et bonum judicat, et aequitatem stricto juri praefert. EQUIVOCATE, verb avoid a straight answer, be ambigu-
Good judges decide according to what is just and right, and ous, be false, be unclear, be untruthful, be vague, deceive,
prefer equity to strict law. Si aliquid ex solemnibus defi- disguise, dissemble, dissimulate, dodge, elude, evade,
ciat, cum aequitas poscit, subveniendum est. If anything fence, hedge, lie, misguide, misinform, mislead, misrepre-
is deficient in formal requisites, where equity requires it, it sent, misstate, mystify, palter, parry, prevaricate, quibble,
should be supplied. Aequitas nunquam contravenit shift, shuffle, tergiversari, tergiversate
legis. Equity never counteracts the laws. Aequitas non
facit jus, sed juri auxiliatur. Equity does not make law, ERADICATE, verb abolish, annihilate, annul, black out,
but assists law. Aequitas ignorantiae opitulatur, osci- blot out, cause to cease, deal destruction, delete, demolish,
tantiae non item. Equity assists ignorance, but not care- deracinate, destroy, destroy thoroughly, displace, dispose
lessness. Vigilantibus et non dormientibus jura subve- of, dissolve, do away with, do away with completely, ef-
niunt. The laws aid the vigilant and not those who slumber. face, eject, eliminate, eradere, erase, evellere, excidere, ex-
Aequitas agit in personam. Equity acts upon the person. punge, expurgate, exterminate, extinguish, extirpate, ex-
Jure naturae aequum est neminem cum alterius detri- tract, lay waste, leave no trace of, leave no vestige of,
mento et injuria fieri locupletiorem. By natural law it is liquidate, obliterate, purge, remove, remove utterly, stamp
not just that any one should be enriched by the detriment out, strike out, subtract, sweep away, unroot, uproot, void,
or injury of another. Hoc quidem perquam durum est, sed weed out
ita lex scripta est. This indeed is exceedingly hard, but
such is the written law. Nemo debet aliena jactura locu- ERASE, verb abolish, annihilate, annul, black out, blot
pletari. No one ought to gain by another’s loss. Frustra out, cancel, clean up, cut, deal destruction, decimate, de-
legis auxilium quaerit qui in legem committit. He vainly lete, demolish, destroy, discard, dismantle, dispose of,
seeks the aid of the law who transgresses the law. dissolve, do away with completely, edit, efface, eliminate,
Commodum ex injuria sua non habere debet. No person eradicate, exceed the record, excise, expel, expunge, ex-
ought to derive any advantage by his own wrong. Nemo ex terminate, extinguish, extirpate, jettison, kill, leave no
proprio dolo consequitur actionem. No one acquires a vestige of, liquidate, obliterate, negate, nullify, obliterate,
right of action from his own fraud. oust, purge, remove, rescind, rewrite the records, snuff,
stamp out, strike, strike out, terminate, throw out, uproot,
EQUITY (Share of ownership), noun allotment, appor- void, wipe out, withdraw
tionment, claim, division, interest, investment, part, por-
tion, right, stake, vested interest ERODE, verb abrade, break down, consume, decay,
decrease, deteriorate, diminish, disintegrate, dissolve, file,
EQUIVALENCE, noun accord, alikeness, coequality, co- gradually eat away, grind, lessen, lose, make thin, rasp,
herence, comparability, compatibility, correlation, corre- recede, reduce, rub away, scrape, shrink, strip, waste,
spondence, counterbalance, equality, equivalency, exact weaken, wear, wear away, wear down, wear down by fric-
equivalent, exchangeability, harmony, interchangeability, tion, weather
like, likeness, match, par, parallelism, parity, resemblance, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: erode the credibility of a witness
sameness, similarity, similitude, stasis, symmetry, syn-
chronicity, synonymy EROSION, noun abrasion, attrition, breakdown, con-
sumption, crumbling, decay, decrease, decrement, deterio-
EQUIVALENT, adjective alike, as good as, balancing, ration, detrition, diminishment, diminution, disappearance,
coequal, comparable, compensatory, equal, equal in effect, disintegration, dissolution, gradual eating away, gradual
equal in force, equal in power, equal in significance, equal wearing away, grinding, lessening, loss, recession, reduc-
in value, equalized, equipollent, even, identical, identical in tion, rubbing away, shrinkage, thinning out, waste, wear,
size, identical in value, interchangeable, like, of equal force, wearing away, wearing down by friction
of equal value, of equal weight, on a par with, parallel, pro
re valere, reciprocal, same, similar, substitutable, synony- ERR, verb be deceived, be erroneous, be in the wrong,
mous, tantamount, without difference be misguided, be misled, be mistaken, blunder, cause
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: equivalent acts, fair equivalent, sub- error, commit an error, delude oneself, errare, fall into
stantially equivalent error, falli, go amiss, go astray, go wrong, labor under a

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misapprehension, make a mistake, misapprehend, miscal- sive falsa grammatica, non vitiat concessionem. Bad
culate, miscompute, misconstrue, misinterpret, misjudge, spelling or grammar does not vitiate a deed. Vitium clerici
misreckon, mistake, misunderstand, receive a false im- nocere non debet. Clerical errors ought not to prejudice.
pression, slip, vagari Communis error facit jus. Common error makes the law.
Tutius erratur ex parte mitiori. It is safer to err on the side
ERRANT, adjective aberrant, amiss, astray, at fault, of leniency. In generalibus versatur error. Error thrives on
awry, deviant, deviating, deviatory, erring, erroneous, falla- generalities. Error juris nocet. An error of law works an in-
cious, faultful, faulty, imperfect, incorrect, misdirected, jury. Nihil facit error nominis cum de corpore constat. An
mistaken, not right, peccant, wrong error in the name is of no consequence when there is cer-
tainty as to the person. Tutius semper est errare acqui-
ERRATIC, adjective aberrant, abnormal, bizarre, capri- etando, quam in puniendo; ex parte miseric ordiae
cious, changeable, changeful, eccentric, extraordinary, in- quam ex parte justitiae. It is always safer to err in acquit-
consistent, inconstant, intermittent, irregular, mercurial, ting than in punishing; on the side of mercy rather than on
not consistent, odd, outlandish, peculiar, random, spo- the side of justice. Negatio conclusionis est error in lege.
radic, strange, unconventional, unfixed, unique, unortho- The denial of a conclusion is error in law. Errores ad sua
dox, unpredictable, unsettled, unsteady, unusual, volatile, principia referre, est refellere. To refer errors to their
wandering sources is to refute them.
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: erratic behavior, erratic law enforce-
ment, insanity ERUDITE, adjective academic, bookish, cerebral, culti-
vated, cultured, educated, elevated, enlightened, high-
ERRONEOUS, adjective aberrant, amiss, blundering, brow, highly analytical, informed, intellectual, intelligent,
containing error, counterfeit, devoid of truth, erring, falla- knowing, knowledgeable, learned, lettered, literate, men-
cious, false, falsus, faulty, fictitious, groundless, illogical, tally acute, polished, professorial, refined, scholarly, sharp,
inaccurate, incorrect, inexact, mistaken, spurious, un- smart, well-bred, well-read, well-versed
founded, ungrounded, unreal, unsound, unsubstantial, un-
sustainable, untrue, wrong ESCALATION, noun acceleration, accumulation, addi-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: erroneous assessment, erroneous de- tion, aggrandizement, ascension, augmentation, boost,
cision, erroneous judgment, erroneous law, erroneous building, burgeoning, climb, development, elaboration,
order, erroneous tax enlargement, escalation, expansion, gain, growth, im-
provement, increase, intensification, jump, magnification,
ERROR, noun aberrance, aberrancy, aberration, corri- maximization, multiplication, optimization, raise, rise,
gendum, delusion, deviation, distorted conception, distor- spread, surge, upsurge, zenith
tion, erratum, erroneous statement, error, false conception,
false impression, fault, flaw, inaccuracy, incorrect belief, ESCAPE, verb abscond, achieve liberty, avoid, avoid ar-
inexactness, injustice, lapse, malapropism, misbelief, miscal- rest, avoid capture, avoid peril, become free, bolt, break
culation, miscarriage of justice, miscomputation, misconcep- from prison, break loose, break out, circumvent, decamp,
tion, misconjecture, miscount, misguidance, misinterpreta- depart custody, depart unlawfully, desert, disappear, elabi,
tion, misjudgment, misprint, misreckoning, misstatement, elude, evade, evadere, find freedom, flee, fugere, gain lib-
mistake, mistaken belief, mistaken judgment, mistransla- erty, get to safety, levant, make a getaway, run away, slip
tion, misunderstanding, misuse of words, oversight, pec- away, sneak off, steal away, take flight
catum, poor judgment, slip, unfactualness, wrong course, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: extradition, flight, forcible escape
wrong impression, wrongness
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: assignment of error, clerical error, con- ESCAPE HATCH, noun alternative, choice, clause, condi-
fession of error, coram nobis, cross-errors, error apparent tion, contingency, contrivance, definition, device, escape
on the record, error of fact, error of judgment, error of law, clause, escape valve, evasion, exception, excuse, expedient,
fatal errors, fundamental error, harmful error, immaterial given, grounds, loophole, means of escape, means to es-
error, judicial error, legal error, manifest error, obvious error, cape, mechanism for evasion, opening, outlet, saving clause,
plain error, prejudicial error, presentation of error, reversible technicality, vehicle of escape, way of escape, way out
error, substantial error, technical error, writ of error ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: contracts
FOREIGN PHRASES: De fide et officio judicis non recipitur
quaestio, sed de scientia, sive sit error juris, sive facti. ESCHEAT, verb be forfeited back, cede back, go back,
The good faith and honesty of a judge are not to be ques- hereditas caduca, obstruct the course of descent, recede,
tioned, but his knowledge, whether it be in error of law or regress, relapse, retrocede, retrovert, return, reverse, re-
fact, may be. Praesentia corporis tollit errorem nominis; vert, revert to the state, slip back, turn back
et veritas nominis tollit er rorem demonstrationis. The ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: forfeiture
presence of the body cures an error in the name; and the
accuracy of the name cures an error of description. Veritas ESCHEATMENT, noun act of reverting, confiscation,
nominis tollit errorem demonstrationis. Correctness of conversion to the government, deprivation, descent by
the name cures error in the description. Veritas demonstra- forfeiture, forfeiture, reversion to the government, rever-
tionis tollit errorem nominis. Correctness of the description sion to the state
cures the error of the name. Error qui non resistitur ap-
probatur. An error which is not resisted or opposed is ESCHEW, verb abstain, avoid, back away from, boy-
waived. Error fucatus nuda veritate in multis est proba- cott, bypass, deny oneself, do without, elude, evade, flee
bilior; et saepenumero rationibus vincit veritatem error. from, forbear, forswear, give a wide berth, have nothing to
Error artfully disguised is, in many instances, more probable do with, keep at a distance, keep away, keep clear of, keep
than naked truth; and frequently error overwhelms truth by out of the way, make unwelcome, neglect, recoil from, re-
argumentation. Non videntur qui errant consentire. Those frain, reject, shrink from, shun, stand aloof, stand clear, turn
who err are not deemed to consent. Falsa orthographia, aside, turn away from, vitare, withdraw from

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ESCROW, noun conditional deed held in trust, condi- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: essential duties, essential govern-
tional instrument, contingent deed held in trust, entrust- mental duties, essential parties, essential services, essential
ment, instrument held until the performance of a condition, terms of a contract
written instrument of contingency
ESTABLISH (Entrench), verb cause to endure, confir-
E-SIGNATURE, noun cryptographic signature, digital mare, fix deeply, fix permanently, implant firmly, ingrain,
signature, electronic approval, electronic authorization, make durable, make firm, make lasting, make permanent,
electronic confirmation, electronic seal, electronic signa- make stable, make steadfast, perpetuate, plant, put on a
ture, encrypted digital signature, e-signing, legally binding firm basis, root, situate, solidify, stabilire, stabilitate, stabi-
electronic authorization, signature via e-mail lize, steady, strengthen

ESOTERIC, adjective abstruse, acroamatic, acroamati- ESTABLISH (Launch), verb begin, bring about, bring into
cal, acroatic, arcane, cabalistic, cabalistical, concealed, being, bring into existence, build, charter, constituere, con-
confidential, confined to a select circle, covert, cryptic, stitute, construct, create, develop, form, found, give rise to,
deep, designed for the initiated, difficult to comprehend, inaugurate, inchoate, initiate, instituere, institute, introduce,
enigmatic, enigmatical, esoterical, for a select few, hid- lay the foundations, open, organize, originate, prepare, put
den, involved, mysterious, mystic, mystical, obscure, oc- in motion, set going, set in operation, set up, start, statuere
cult, private, profound, puzzling, recondite, secret, FOREIGN PHRASES: Cujus est instituere, ejus est abrogare.
shrouded, shrouded in mystery, understood by a select Whoever may institute, his right it is to abrogate.
few, understood by the initiated, undisclosed, undivulged,
untold, veiled ESTABLISH (Show), verb ascertain, attest, authenticate,
certify, circumstantiate, cite evidence, confirm, corroborate,
ESPIONAGE, noun espial, intelligence, obtaining na- demonstrate, document, manifest, probare, prove, substan-
tional defense secrets, obtaining of classified information, tiate, testify to, uphold, uphold in evidence, validate, verify,
practice of spying on others, search made for useful mili- vincere
tary information, secret observation, secret watching, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: conclusively establish, establish be-
spying, subversive activity, surveillance, systematic secret yond a reasonable doubt, establish by a fair preponderance
observation of the words and conduct of others, under- of the credible evidence, establish to a clear certainty, es-
cover work tablished by law, legally established
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: espionage act, treason
ESTABLISHED (Created), adjective approved, com-
ESPOUSE, verb abet, accept, adopt, advocate, aid, ally, menced, created, established, filed, formed, founded, inau-
argue for, assist, associate with, back, become a participa- gural, inaugurate, incorporated, initial, initiated, innovate,
tor, become a partisan, champion, choose, contribute to, institutional, organized, original, originated, pioneer, set-
cooperate, defend, embrace, endorse, enter into, favor, up, started
help, join, lend oneself to, opt, participate, side with, spon- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: incorporation
sor, stand behind, stand up for, subscribe to, support, take
part in, take up, uphold ESTABLISHED (Traditional), adjective accepted, ap-
proved, authentic, authenticated, confirmed, conventional,
ESQUIRE, noun advisor, advocate, armiger, attorney, deep-rooted, demonstrated, dominant, endorsed, en-
attorney-at-law, barrister, counsel, counselor, counselor- trenched, guaranteed, identifiable, identified, ingrained, or-
at-law, jurisconsult, jurisprudent, jurist, lawyer, legal ad- thodox, permanent, predominant, preeminent, regular, se-
visor, legal practitioner, legist, member of the bar, mem- cure, set, settled, stable, substantiated, sure, undeniable,
ber of the legal profession, officer of the court, practitioner, undisputed, unshakable, unsinkable, upheld, verified, vested
solicitor
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: advice of counsel, assigned counsel, ESTATE (Hereditament), noun bequest, birthright, de-
assistance of counsel, attorney of record, attorney’s fees, vise, gift by succession, heritage, heritance, inheritance,
benefit of counsel, Code of Professional Responsibility, legacy, patrimony
counsel of record, denial of counsel, effective counsel, of ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: beneficial estate, charge against an
counsel, Sixth Amendment, waiver of counsel estate, claim against an estate, distribution, estate tax,
residue
ESSENCE, noun basic part, core, embodiment, essential
part, fundamental part, gist, heart, hypostasis, inmost na- ESTATE (Property), noun acres, ager, assets, assets and
ture, inner being, meaning, natura, nature, pith, quiddity, liabilities, belongings, chattels, chattels real, chose in ac-
quintessence, soul, substance, vis tion, collective assets, earthly possessions, effects, equity,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: essence of a contract, essence of testi- freehold, goods, grounds, hereditament, holdings, intan-
mony by a witness gible assets, interest in land, land and buildings, lands, liq-
uid assets, material assets, material things which are
ESSENTIAL (Inherent), adjective basal, basic, basilar, owned, personalty, piece of landed property, possessio,
basilary, elemental, fundamental, immanent, implicit, inte- possessions, real estate, realty, resources, right, title and
gral, intrinsic, intrinsical, main, primary interest in land, tangible assets, tangibles, tenement, terri-
tory, valuables, villa
ESSENTIAL (Required), adjective basic, binding, called ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: absolute estate, conditional estate,
for, chief, compulsory, critical, crucial, demanded, exigent, defeasible estate, equitable estate, estate at sufferance, es-
fundamental, important, incumbent upon, indispensable, tate at will, estate by entirety, estate by purchase, estate for
lacking, mandatory, material, necessary, needed, needful, life, estate for years, estate from period to period, estate
obligatory, of vital importance, pressing, primary, proprius, from year to year, estate in common, estate in expectancy,
requisite, urgent, verus estate in land, estate in remainder, estate in reversion, estate

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 ESTATE PLANNING

lands, estate on a conditional limitation, estate pur autre vie, intervene, not allow, obstruct, obviate, preclude, prevent,
estate tail, estate upon a limitation, executory estate, fee- prohibit, put a stop to, put an end to, restrain, restrict,
simple estate, fee-tail estate, forfeiture of an estate, free- shackle, stand in the way, stay, stop, stop the progress of,
hold, joint estate, landed estate, life estate, limited estate, stop the way, stymie, thwart, turn aside, ward off
next eventual estate, qualified estate, vested estate ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: change in position
FOREIGN PHRASES: Post executionem status lex non patitur
possibilitatem. After the execution of the estate, the law ESTOPPEL, noun ban, bar, bar to an allegation, barrier,
suffers not a possibility. barring, blockage, disallowance, forbiddance, hindrance,
impediment, inhibition, legal restraint, obstruction, preclu-
ESTATE PLANNING, noun arrangements for succession, sion, preclusion by act, preclusion by conduct, prohibition,
proper testamentary scheme, testamentary planning, will restraint, restriction
planning ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: agency by estoppel, collateral estop-
Generally: tax planning pel, equitable estoppel, estoppel by concealment, estoppel
by conduct, estoppel by deed, estoppel by judgment, es-
ESTEEM, noun acclamation, account, admiration, adora- toppel by laches, estoppel by matter in pais, estoppel by
tion, adulation, affection, applause, appreciation, approval, matter of accord, estoppel by recital, estoppel by record,
attachment, bias, confidence, deference, devotion, emi- estoppel by silence, estoppel by suppression, estoppel by
nence, enthusiasm, estimation, favor, fondness, glorifica- verdict, estoppel letter, judicial estoppel, partnership by
tion, homage, honor, interest, like, love, obeisance, partial- estoppel, ratification, stare decisis, waiver
ity, praise, preference, prize, recognition, regard, respect, FOREIGN PHRASES: Nemo contra factum suum venire potest.
reverence, satisfaction, value, veneration, worth No man can contradict his own act or deed. Un ne doit
prise advantage de son tort demesne. One ought not to
ESTIMATE (Approximate cost), noun admeasurement, take advantage of his own wrong.
aestimatio, appraisal, appraisement, approximate calcula-
tion, approximate judgment of value, approximate value, ESTRANGE, verb abalienare, alienate, avoid, be dis-
approximation, assessment, calculation, charge, computa- joined, break with, cut off, disaffect, disband, disconnect,
tion, considered guess, educated guess, estimation, evalu- dispart, dissever, dissociate, disunite, divert from original
ation, gauge, market price, measurement, quotation, rate, use, divert from the original possessor, divide, draw apart,
rating, reckoning, rough calculation, rough guess, state- drive apart, exclude, fall out, isolate, keep aloof, keep apart,
ment of the costs, valuation, value, worth keep at a distance, leave out, offend, part, part company,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: fraudulent estimates segregate, separate, set against, set apart, set at variance,
sever, sunder
ESTIMATE (Idea), noun assumption, belief, conjecture, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: separation of spouses
consideration, deduction, determination, guess, guess-
work, impression, iudicium, judgment, observation, opin- ESTRANGEMENT, noun abalienation, abandonment,
ion, perception, personal judgment, reaction, reckoning, alienatio, alienation, alienation of affection, breach, break,
speculation, supposal, supposition, surmisal, surmise, un- cleavage, conflict, detachment, difference, disaffection,
derstanding, view disagreement, disassociation, discidium, disconnection,
discord, disengagement, disfavor, disharmony, disjunction,
ESTIMATE, verb aestimare, appraise, budget, calculate disloyalty, disruption, dissevering, dissociation, dissonance,
approximately, censere, conjecture, evaluate, figure, figure disunion, disunity, division, divorce, divorcement, dud-
costs, form an opinion, gauge, give an approximate value, geon, enmity, hostility, ill will, incompatibility, loss of affec-
guess, judge, place a value on, put an approximate price tion, parting, riddance, rift, rupture, schism, segregation,
on, rank, rate, reckon, set a price on, set a value on, sup- separate maintenance, separation, severance, severance of
pose, survey, value, weigh relations, split, sundering, termination of cohabitation, un-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: estimated tax, estimated cash value, friendliness, variance, withdrawal
estimated cost, estimated revenue, final estimate
ET AL., adverb and all, and everyone, and more of the
ESTIMATION (Calculation), noun admeasurement, ap- same, and other parties, and other things, and others, and
praisal, appraisement, approximate calculation, approximate the rest
judgment of value, approximation, assessment, assumption,
computation, conjecture, considered guess, deduction, edu- ETERNITY, noun aeon, age, all time, an everlasting time
cated guess, estimate, evaluation, gauge, guess, guesswork, period, beyond, boundlessness, ceaselessness, endless-
judgment, measurement, mensuration, opinion, rating, reck- ness, eon, forever, future, hereafter, history, immeasurable
oning, rough calculation, rough guess, speculation, sup- amount of time, immortality, indefinite long time period,
posal, supposition, surmisal, surmise, valuation, weighing infinity, interminableness, kingdom come, lifetime, limit-
lessness, nonstop time, now and forever, permanence,
ESTIMATION (Esteem), noun admiration, appreciation, permanency, perpetuity, protracted time period, spanning
approbation, approval, commendation, credit, deference, time, time without end, timelessness
favor, favorable opinion, favorable recognition, favorable
repute, fondness, good opinion, good reputation, good ETHICAL, adjective above board, conforming to moral
standing, high opinion, high regard, homage, honor, standards, conforming to professional conduct, decent,
praise, regard, respect, reverence, veneration good, honest, honorable, idealistic, in accord with ethics, in
accordance with the rules for right conduct, in accordance
ESTOP, verb avert, ban, bar, barricade, bind, block the with the standards of a profession, just, law-abiding, legiti-
way, block up, blockade, bring to a stop, create a stoppage, mate, moral, moralis, principled, professional, relating to
cut off, encumber, fend off, forbid, forestall, halt, hamper, moral action, respectable, right, righteous, straight,
handicap, hinder, impede, inhibit, interfere, interrupt, uncorrupt, uncorrupted, unimpeachable, upright, virtuous

242
 EVENT

ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: Code of Judicial Conduct, Code of opinion, perception, rating, reassessment, reckoning, re-
Professional Responsibility view, scan, scrutiny, sentiment, stock, study, survey, the-
ory, view
ETHICS, noun casuistry, code, code of morals, code
of right and wrong, conduct, good conduct, goodness, EVAPORATE, verb abate, cease to be, constrict, con-
honesty, honor, ideals, integrity, justice, laws of a profes- sume, decrease, deflate, dematerialize, desiccate, disap-
sion, moral behavior, moral conduct, moral judgment, pear, dispel, disperse, dissipate, dissolve, evanesce, evan-
moral obligation, moral philosophy, moral practice, moral ish, fade, fizz, foam, froth, lessen, lose, melt, parch, pass,
principles, moral rectitude, moral strength, moral tone, reduce, vanish, vaporize, weaken
morality, morals, philosophia moralis, principles, princi-
ples of morality, probity, professional standards, recti- EVASION, noun ambages, artful dodge, artifice, avoid-
tude, righteousness, sense of right and wrong, standards, ance, camouflage, chicane, chicanery, circumvention,
standards of conduct, standards of professional behavior, concealment, covering up, craftiness, cunningness,
system of morals, uprightness, values, virtue, virtuous deceit, deceitfulness, deception, device, disingenuousness,
conduct, virtuousness distortion, dodge, elusiveness, equivocation, escape by
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: legal ethics, professional delinquency, cleverness, escape by trickery, fabrication, flight, guile,
professional ethics knavery, latebra, maneuver, masquerade, misrepresenta-
tion, obfuscation, partial truth, perversion of the truth, pre-
EUTHANASIA, noun assisted dying, authorization to text, prevarication, ruse, secrecy, secretiveness, secretness,
end life for humane reasons, early death for humane rea- sham, slyness, sophistical excuse, stealth, stealthiness,
sons, grant permission to terminate life for humane rea- subterfuge, subtlety, tergiversatio, tergiversation, trick,
sons, grant to terminate life for humane reasons, legal- underhand dealing
ized killing for humane reasons, legalized taking of life for ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: evasion of taxation, evasive contempt,
humane reasons, license to take life for humane reasons, evasive pleading
loss of life for humane reasons, means to die sanctioned,
permission to terminate life for humane reasons, permit to EVASIVE, adjective ambiguus, ambivalent, artful, avoid-
terminate life for humane reasons, permitting to die for ing, beguiling, clandestine, concealed, covert, covinous,
humane reasons crafty, deceitful, deceiving, deceptive, delusive, eluding,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: involuntary euthanasia, physician- elusive, elusory, equivocating, feigned, fictitious, fictive, fur-
assisted suicide, voluntary euthanasia tive, guileful, hedging, hypocritical, in disguise, misleading,
misrepresentative, mysterious, perfidious, pretended,
EVACUATE, verb abscond, absent oneself, break camp, scheming, secluded, secretive, seeking to avoid, seeking to
clear out, decamp, depart, disappear, empty, escape, exit, elude, seeking to evade, shifty, sleightful, slippery, sneaky,
flee, leave, leave empty, locum vacuefacere, make a depar- stealthy, surreptitious, tending to evade, tricky, truthless,
ture, march out, move out, quit, remove, retreat, run away, untruthful, unveracious, unwilling, using evasion, vague
send away, take flight, vacate, vanish, withdraw ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: evasive argument, evasive contempt,
evasive pleading, evasive witness
EVACUATION, noun abandonment, clearing, decamp-
ment, desertion, egress, egression, embarkation, emigra- EVEN, verb abate, cease to be, constrict, consume, de-
tion, escape, exit, exodus, expatriation, expulsion, farewell, crease, deflate, dematerialize, desiccate, disappear, dispel,
flight, getaway, leaving, migration, passage, quitting, re- disperse, dissipate, dissolve, evanesce, evanish, fade, fizz,
cession, removal, retreat, setting forth, takeoff, taking foam, froth, lessen, lose, melt, parch, pass, reduce, vanish,
leave, vanishing, withdrawal, withdrawing vaporize, weaken

EVADE (Deceive), verb avoid, be evasive, beguile, cir- EVENHANDED, adjective balanced, befitted, candid,
cumvent, defraud, delude, dissemble, dodge, equivocate, considerate, deserved, deservedly, deserving, detached,
falsify, fool, hedge, hoax, lie, mislead, misrepresent, out- disinterested, dispassionate, equal, equitable, exact, fair,
wit, palter, pretend, prevaricate, shuffle, sophisticate, trick fair-minded, forthright, frank, impartial, indifferent, just,
neutral, nondiscriminating, nondiscriminatory, nonpartisan,
EVADE (Elude), verb avoid, dodge, escape, escape no- objective, open, precise, principled, proper, rational, rea-
tice, flee, get away from, hide from, keep clear of, slip out sonable, scrupulous, spare, square, straight, straightfor-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: evade execution of a judgment, evade ward, unbiased, unbigoted, unchallengeable, uncolored,
the law uncorrupt, uncorrupted, unprejudiced, unslanted, upright,
virtuous, without favor
EVALUATE, verb appraise, ascertain the amount of, as- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: the just administration of law
sess, calculate, class, criticize, determine the worth of, esti-
mate, express an opinion, figure costs, find the value of, EVENT, noun adventure, affair, development, episode,
form an opinion, gauge, give an estimate, give an opinion, eventus, exitus, experience, factum, hap, happening, incident,
judge, measure, place a value on, prepare an estimate, marked occurrence, milestone, occasion, occurrence, pro-
price, rank, rate, reckon, review, set a figure, set a price on, ceeding, transaction
set a value on, value ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: contingent event, fortuitous event,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: evaluate the evidence future event, person interested in the event, unforseen
event, witness to an event
EVALUATION, noun analysis, appraisal, appraisement, FOREIGN PHRASES: Casus fortuitus non est sperandus, et
assessment, audit, belief, calculation, check, checkup, com- nemo tenetur devinare. A fortuitous event is not to be
putation, conjecture, consideration, conviction, determina- forseen, and no one is bound to expect it. Casus fortuitus
tion, estimate, estimation, examination, hypothesis, im- non est supponendus. A fortuitous happening is not to be
pression, inspection, judgment, measurement, notion, presumed.

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 EVENTUALLY

EVENTUALLY, adverb anon, directly, finally, forthwith, against the weight of the evidence, all the evidence favor-
immediately, imminently, in time, momentarily, one of able to the plaintiff, best evidence, burden of going for-
these days, presently, promptly, right away, shortly, some- ward, burden of persuasion, burden of proof, character
day, sometime, sometime soon, soon, sooner or later, evidence, circumstantial evidence, clear and convincing
straightaway, subsequently, ultimately evidence, clear preponderance of the evidence, collateral
evidence, competent evidence, conclusive evidence, con-
EVERYDAY (Normal), adjective accustomed, average, flicting evidence, corroborating evidence, credible evi-
boring, common, customary, familiar, garden-variety, ha- dence, cumulative evidence, demonstrative evidence, de-
bitual, homely, plain, prosaic, regular, run-of-the-mill, stan- struction of evidence, direct evidence, documentary
dard, standard-issue, typical, unexceptional, unremarkable, evidence, evidence of title, exclusion of evidence, expert
usual, wonted, workaday evidence, extrinsic evidence, fabricated evidence, fair pre-
ponderance of evidence, favorable evidence, foundation for
EVERYDAY (Unimportant), adjective anemic, banal, evidence, hearsay evidence, immaterial evidence, impeach-
bland, boring, commonplace, dreary, dry, dull, expected, ing evidence, incompetent evidence, incredible evidence,
generic, humdrum, insignificant, insipid, jejune, minor, mo- inculpatory evidence, independent evidence, indispensable
notonous, mundane, normative, ordinary, plain, predict- evidence, insufficient evidence, intrinsic evidence, introduc-
able, quotidian, regular, routine, spiritedness, tedious, tion of evidence, irrelevant evidence, judicial evidence,
tiresome, traditional, trivial, ubiquitous, unimportant, unin- legal evidence, material evidence, newly discovered evi-
spiring, uninteresting dence, objection to evidence, offering in evidence, opinion
evidence, parol evidence, persuasive evidence, positive
EVERYTHING, noun accumulation, aggregate, aggrega- evidence, preponderance of evidence, presumptive evi-
tion, all inclusive, all-inclusive package, built in, collection, dence, prima facie evidence, primary evidence, probative
collectiveness, collectivity, complete, complex, comprehen- evidence, real evidence, rebutting evidence, receiving evi-
siveness, ensemble, entirety, from soup to nuts, gross, dence into the record, record evidence, reliable evidence,
group, intactness, lock stock and barrel, mass, omnitude, res gestae, rules of evidence, satisfactory evidence, scintilla
plenitude, quantity, sum, totality, unity, universality, uni- of evidence, secondary evidence, state’s evidence, sub-
verse, whole stantial evidence, substantive evidence, sufficient evidence,
sufficient evidence to support the verdict, supporting evi-
EVICT, verb depellere, deprive of possession, detrudere, dence, suppression of evidence, sworn evidence, taking
deturbare, dislodge, displace, dispossess, disturb, eject, evidence, testimony, visible evidence, weight of evidence,
expel, jettison, kick out, oust, put out of house by legal written evidence
process, recover property, remove, take possession, thrust FOREIGN PHRASES: Ponderantur testes, non numerantur.
out, turn adrift, turn out, turn out of doors, turn out of Witnesses are weighed, not counted. Principia probant,
house and home, uproot, wrest property from non probantur. Principles prove, they are not proved.
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: actual eviction, constrictive eviction, Praesumptiones sunt conjecturae ex signo verisimili ad
partial eviction, total eviction, unlawful eviction probandum assumptae. Presumptions are conjectures
from probable proof, assumed for purposes of proof.
EVICTION, noun act of driving out, act of throwing out, Testimonia ponderanda sunt, non numeranda. Evidence
deprivation of possession, dislodgment, dispossession, di- is to be weighed, not counted. De non apparentibus, et
vestment, ejection, ejectment, entry under paramount title, non existentibus, eadem est ratio. The law is the same
evictio, expulsion, extrusion, forcible expulsion from prop- respecting things which do not appear and those which do
erty, intentional exclusion of lessee, ouster, ouster by para- not exist. Non potest probari quod probatum non rele-
mount title, recovery of property from another’s posses- vat. That may not be proved which, if proved, is irrelevant.
sion, removal, takeover of property
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: abandonment of possession, actual EVIDENCE, verb attest, authenticate, avouch, bear out,
eviction, breach of covenant of quiet enjoyment, construc- bear witness to, bring to light, bring to view, certify, circum-
tive eviction, eviction by paramount title, partial eviction, stantiate, confirm, declare to be genuine, declare to be true,
total eviction, unlawful eviction demonstrate, denote, disclose, display, establish, evince,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Sive tota res evincatur, sive pars, habet exemplify, expose, give indication of, illustrate, imply, indi-
regressum emptor in venditorem. The purchaser who has cate, indicium, infer, instance, lay bare, make obvious, make
been evicted totally or in part has an action against the vendor. plain, manifest, reveal, signify, suggest, swear, tell of, tend to
show, testimonium, uncover, unsheathe, verify
EVIDENCE, noun admitted testimony, body of facts on ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: proof evidencing a crime occurred
which belief is based, circumstances in a case, confirmation,
corroboration, document, documentation, documents, ex- EVIDENT, adjective apertus, apparent, appearing, axi-
hibit, exhibits, exhibits submitted to jury, facts, facts admit- omatic, axiomatical, bald, clear, conspicuous, discernible,
ted at trial, facts judicially noted, facts which bear on the disclosed, distinct, easily seen, easy to perceive, easy to
point in question, facts which establish the point in issue, see, evidens, explicit, exposed, express, glaring, in evi-
factual matter, ground of proof, grounds for belief, indi- dence, in full view, in sight, in view, indisputable, indubi-
cium, instrument of proof, matter legally submitted to the table, lucid, manifest, manifestus, noticeable, obvious,
jury, matters of fact, means of proof, means of proving a open, open to the vision, open to view, ostensible, overt,
fact, medium of proof, persuasive facts, probative matter, palpable, patent, perceivable, perceptible, perspicuous,
proof, proof legally presented at trial, proof of facts, record, plain, pronounced, revealed, salient, showing, standing
relevant fact, relevant material, species of proof, substantia- out, standing out clearly, transparent, unconcealed, undeni-
tion, testimonium, that which furnishes proof, that which able, undisguised, unequivocal, unhidden, unmistakable,
tends to prove, validation, verification unquestionable, visible
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: acceptance of evidence, admission of ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: evident mistake, proof of guilt being
evidence, affirmative evidence, after-discovered evidence, evident

244
 EXAGGERATION

EVIDENTIARY, adjective admissible circumstances in a elimination, eradication, excavation, exsection, extirpation,

case, admitted testimony, corroboration, documentation extraction, extrication, plucking out, pull, pulling out, re-
with evidentiary value, documents which play a role in a moval, ripping out, separation, unravelment, unrooting,
trial, documents which tend to prove the outcome, exhibits, uprooting, withdrawal
exhibits submitted to jury, facts admitted, facts judicially
noted, facts proving the outcome of a trial, facts which bear EX OFFICIO, adverb authoritarian, by divine right, by
on the point in question, facts which establish the point in law, by right, de jure, duly, empowered, in authority, in
issue, grounds for belief, having confirmatory effect, infor- charge, in control, in office, official
mation which furnishes proof, instrument of proof, means of
proof in a case, means of proving a fact at trial, medium of EX PARTE, adjective by one party, done by one person,
proof, proof, proof legally presented at trial, proof of facts, for one party, in behalf of one party, on one side only, on
relevant documents, relevant information, relevant mat- the application of one party, one-sided, unilateral
ters, substantiation, validation, verification ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: ex parte application, ex parte decree,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: evidentiary facts, evidentiary impor- ex parte hearing, ex parte motion, ex parte proceeding
tance, evidentiary law, rules of evidence, the law of evidence
EX PARTE, adverb biased, in the interest of one party,
EVIDENTIARY PRIVILEGE, noun confidentiality, eviden- one sided, partial, partisan, prejudiced, relating to one side
tiary bar, immunity from testifying, privileged evidence, only, unilateral
right to refuse testimony ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: ex parte affidavit, ex parte appointment,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accountant-client privilege, attorney- ex parte certificate, ex parte commission, ex parte declara-
client privilege, executive privilege, physician-patient privi- tion, ex parte experiment, ex parte investigation, ex parte
lege, priest-penitent privilege, spousal privilege, voter motion and order, ex parte petition, ex parte presentment, ex
privilege parte proceedings, ex parte settlement, ex parte statement

EVIL, adjective adverse, bad, baleful, baneful, con- EX POST FACTO, adjective affecting a previous act,
temptible, corrupt, damaging, dangerous, dark, debased, after, after the act is committed, after the fact, afterward, at
debauched, degenerate, deleterious, despicable, destruc- a later period, at a later time, at a subsequent period, at a
tive, detrimental, diabolic, diabolical, disreputable, fatal, succeeding time, directly after, following in time, later, later
harmful, horrible, hostile, hurtful, ignoble, ill, immoral, in- in time, retroactive, thereafter
fernal, inimical, iniquitous, injurious, insidious, lethal, ma- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: ex post facto law
lignant, menacing, mischievous, nefarious, nocuous, noi-
some, noxious, ominous, onerous, perilous, pernicious, EXACERBATE, verb aggravate, arouse, augment, dete-
prejudicial, reprehensible, ruinous, sinister, unethical, un- riorate, enrage, exacerbare, excite, heighten, incense, in-
friendly, unlawful, unrighteous, unsafe, venomous, vicious, cite, increase, inflame, infuriate, intensify, irritate, make
vile, villainous, wicked, wrong more severe, make worse, provoke, render worse, worsen

EVINCE, verb bespeak, betoken, bring into view, dem- EXACT, adjective accurate, admitting of no deviation,
onstrate, denote, display, evidence, exhibit, furnish evi- allowing no departure from the standard, careful, clear cut,
dence, illustrate, indicate, make clear, make evident, make close, correct, defined, detailed, diligens, exactus, explicit,
manifest, make plain, manifest, ostendere, point to, prae- express, faithful, literal, meticulous, minute, particular, plain,
stare, probare, prove, show, show signs precise, punctilious, punctual, right, rigid, scrupulous, spe-
cific, strict, subtilis, true to fact, undeviating, unerring, unex-
EVISCERATE, verb cut out, damage, debilitate, deprive aggerated, verbatim, with no mistake, without error
of essential parts, deprive of force, deprive of vital parts, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: exact copy
devitalize, dig out, disembowel, dismantle, embowel, en-
ervate, enfeeble, exenterate, exsect, extract, gut, harm, EXACT, verb ask for, assess, call for, charge, claim,
impair, injure, mar, pick out, pluck, pull out, remove an es- clamor for, coerce, compel, constrain, cry for, demand, de-
sential part, rip out, sap, spoil, take away an essential part, mand payment, demand toll, draw from, dun, elicit, en-
tear out, weaken force, enjoin, extort, force, force payment, impel, impose,
impose a duty, impose a tax, insist upon, lay a duty on, lay
EVOKE, verb accomplish, achieve, arouse, be the cause claim to, levy, make an authoritative request, make de-
of, bring about, bring forth, bring out, bring to pass, call mands, make obligatory, make pay, make requisition,
forth, call up, cause, cause to happen, draw forth, draw out, mulct, necessitate, obligate, oblige, order, press, require,
educe, effect, effectuate, elicere, elicit, evocare, excite, exci- require authoritatively, requisition, squeeze, task, tax,
tare, extract, generate, give rise to, hasten, incite, induce, threaten, toll, urge, wrench, wrest, wring
initiate, inspire, instigate, motivate, obtain, occasion, pre- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: certified copy, exact copy
cipitate, procure, produce, prompt, provoke, rouse, se-
cure, stimulate, summon, summon forth, summon up EXAGGERATE, verb amplify, augment, blow up, boost,
broaden, build up, caricature, color, develop, elaborate,
EVOLVE, verb advance, arise from, become, change embellish, enhance, enlarge, exalt, expand, extend, fabri-
into, come from, come to be, derive from, descend from, cate, flesh out, fudge, hedge, heighten, hyperbolize, inflate,
develop, emerge, evolvere, explicare, follow, grow from, invent, magnify, melodramatize, misinform, misreport,
have a common origin, issue, originate from, progress, re- misrepresent, overdo, overemphasize, overstate, pad, play
sult, spring from, take form, take shape, turn into, undergo up, romanticize, satirize, sensationalize, stress, stretch,
evolution, unfold supplement

EVULSION, noun avulsion, deracination, disengage- EXAGGERATION, noun addition, aggrandizement,

ment, displacement, drawing out, ejection, elicitation, augmentation, boast, brag, caricature, disproportion,

245
 EXALTED

distortion, embellishment, embroidery, enlargement, ex- EXASPERATE, verb affront, aggravate, alienate, anger,
cess, excessiveness, exorbitance, exorbitancy, expansion, annoy, antagonize, badger, bait, bother, bristle, bug, craze,
extravagance, extravagant statement, extremes, gascon- cross, displease, disturb, enflame, enrage, frustrate, gall, get,
ade, histrionics, hyperbole, immoderacy, immoderateness, goad, grate, gripe, harass, incense, infuriate, insult, irk, mad-
immoderation, inaccuracy, inexactitude, inexactness, infla- den, miff, nettle, offend, peeve, perturb, pester, pique, plague,
tion, inordinacy, inordinateness, intemperance, intemper- rankle, rattle, rile, roil, rouse, ruffle, spite, tease, unnerve, vex
ateness, intensification, magnification, misleading enlarge-
ment, outrageousness, overassessment, overemphasis, EXCEED, verb best, conquer, crush, defeat, distance,
overenthusiasm, overpraise, overstatement, overvaluation, dwarf, eclipse, exceed, lick, master, outcompete, outpace,
rodomontade, sensationalism, stretch, superfluity, super- outperform, outrun, outshine, outstrip, overpass, over-
fluousness, superlatio, superlative, traiectio, undueness, reach, overstep, pass, subdue, surmount, surpass, tower
unreasonable amplification over, transcend, triumph, trump
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: deceit, fraud, misrepresentation
EXCEL, verb accomplish, achieve, advance, beat, best,
EXALTED, adjective aggrandized, boosted, canonized, better, cap, conquer, correct, cream, eclipse, enhance, floor,
deified, dignified, elevated, ennobled, enshrined, glorified, flourish, fulfill, further meliorate, gain, master, meet with
heightened, idealized, idolized, intense, lifted, magnified, success, one-up, outclass, outdistance, outdo, outperform,
outstanding, prominent, raised, romanticized, supreme, outrace, outshine, outstrip, outweigh, pass, prevail, realize,
uplifted refine, reform, revamp, surmount, surpass, triumph,
trounce, whip, win
EXAMINATION (Study), noun active study, analysis,
audit, careful noting of details, check, close inquiry, close EXCELLENCE, noun arete, balance, celebrity, class,
observation, consideration, deliberation, diligent attention, consequence, credit, decoration, distinction, distinguish-
exhaustive inquiry, exploration, inquest, inquisitio, inquisi- ment, éclat, efficiency, eminence, fame, fineness, flair,
tion, inspection, investigatio, investigation, observation, goodness, greatness, illustriousness, importance, lauded,
perquisition, perusal, reconnaissance, research, review, majesty, merit, nobility, perfection, polish, preeminence,
scrutiny, search, strict inquiry, survey prestige, quality, rank, recognition, refinement, renown,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: cross-examination, direct examination repute, significance, stellar, sterling, style, superiority, su-
of a witness, examination before trial, examination in chief, premacy, virtue, worth
examination of records, examination of title
EXCELLENT, adjective accomplished, admirable, attrac-
EXAMINATION (Test), noun interrogation, interview, tive, awesome, bang-up, banner, capital, choice, classic,
probation, questioning under oath, quiz, set of questions distinguished, exceptional, fantastic, heavenly, high-class,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: blood tests, board of examiners, civil in a league of its own, incomparable, incredible, laudable,
service examination, entrance examination, health exami- noted, outstanding, preferable, premium, prize, proficient,
nation, medical examiners, mental examination, motor ve- select, sensational, special, standard, sterling, striking, su-
hicle examination, physical examination, professional ex- perfine, superior, superlative, supernal, terrific, top-shelf,
aminations, title examination transcendent, unsurpassed, wonderful, world-class

EXAMINE (Interrogate), verb catechize, challenge, in- EXCEPT (Exclude), verb count out, deduct, delete, dif-
quire, inquirere, inspicere, interpellate, interview, investig- ferentiate, discount, discriminate, dismiss, disregard, elimi-
are, probe, put questions to, query, question, question nate, excipere, exempt, eximere, extract, leave out, make an
under oath, quiz, subject to questioning exception, omit, pick out, put aside, remove, separate, set
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: examine a witness apart, single out, subduct, subtract, take out, treat as a
special case
EXAMINE (Study), verb analyze, anatomize, audit, can-
vass, check, conduct research on, contemplate, delve into, EXCEPT (Object), verb be at variance, call in question,
dissect, explore, go over, inquire into, inspect, investigate, challenge, come in conflict with, contradict, contravene, cry
keep under surveillance, look for flaws, look into, look out against, decry, demur, denounce, deplore, differ, disap-
over, look through, make an analysis, monitor, observe, prove, discountenance, dispute, dissent, entreat against,
peer at, peruse, probe, pry into, reconnoiter, regard care- express disapproval, feel disapproval, find fault, gainsay,
fully, research, review, scrutinize, study systematically, go contrary to, impeach, impugn, make objection, object
subject to analysis, subject to scrutiny, survey, take stock to, oppose, protest, refuse to accept, repudiate, run coun-
of, watch closely ter to, take exception
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: examine books and records
EXCEPTION (Exclusion), noun apartness, breach of
EXAMPLE, noun archetype, case, case in point, dem- practice, contrariety, defiance of custom, departure from
onstration, documentum, exemplar, exemplification, ex- usual, detachment, deviation, disconformity, disruption,
emplum, exponent, guide, ideal, illustration, instance, exemption, expulsion, inconsistency, infraction of rule, ir-
metaphor, model, norm, paradigm, pattern, point of regularity, nonconformity, noninclusion, nonuniformity,
comparison, representation, representative, representa- oddity, omission, preclusion, rarity, removal, segregation,
tive selection, sample, simile, something to be imitated, separation, severance, special case, subtraction, unconfor-
specimen, standard, standard of comparison, typical mity, unconventionality, withdrawal
instance ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: exception in a deed, proviso, reser-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Nil agit exemplum litem quod lite resol- vation, statutory exception
vit. A precedent which settles a controversy with a ques-
tion does no good. Plus exempla quam peccata nocent. EXCEPTION (Objection), noun adverse criticism, chal-
Examples do more harm than crimes. lenge, charge, clamor, complaint, contradiction, contravention,

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criticism, demurrer, disapprobation, disapproval, discom- EXCISE, noun assessment, capitation, charge, custom,
mendation, discontent, dislike, disparagement, displeasure, demand, duty, exaction, exactment, fee, imposition, im-
dispraise, dispute, dissatisfaction, dissent, grievance, impro- post, levy, liability, obligation, tariff, tax, taxation, toll
bation, impugnation, lack of agreement, lack of conformity, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: direct tax, excise tax, fee, gift tax, license
nonagreement, nonapproval, offense, opposition, outcry, tax, privilege tax
protest, protest against a ruling, protestation, rebuke, rejec-
tion, remonstrance EXCISE (Cut away), verb abscind, clip, cut, cut out,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bill of exceptions, formal objection, deduct, delete, detruncate, diminish, disjoin, dissever, di-
general exception, peremptory exception, special ex- vest, eradicate, expunge, expurgate, extract, pare, pluck
ception out, remove, separate, sever, subduct, subtract, take away,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Exceptio firmat regulam in contrarium. take out, tear out, thin, truncate, weed, withdraw
An exception affirms the rule to be the contrary. Omnis
regula suas patitur exceptiones. Every rule is subject to EXCISE (Levy a tax), verb appraise, assess, charge,
its own exception. Exceptio semper ultima ponenda est. charge duty, claim, collect, compel payment, demand,
An exception is always to be placed last. Exceptio quoque demand payment, demand toll, enforce payment, exact,
regulam declarat. An exception also declares the rule. force payment, impose a duty on, impost, lay a duty on, lay
Exceptio quae firmat legem, exponit legem. An excep- claim to, levy, levy an excise on, oblige, raise, require a tax,
tion which confirms the law expounds the law. Omnis ex- requisition, take, tax
ceptio est ipsa quoque regula. Every exception is itself ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: direct tax, franchise tax, gift tax, indi-
also a rule. Ubi quid generaliter conceditur, inest haec rect tax, privilege tax, succession tax
exceptio, si non aliquid sit contra jus fasque. Where
anything is granted generally, this exception is implied: EXCITE (Aggravate), verb agitate, annoy, arouse,
that nothing shall be contrary to law and right. Exceptio bother, enflame, enrage, exasperate, gall, get the best of,
firmat regulam in casibus non exceptis. An exception harass, induce, irritate, jeer, madden, move, pique, prod,
confirms the rule in cases not excepted. Exceptio probat propel, provoke, set off, stir, taunt, tease, trigger, upset,
regulam de rebus non exceptis. The exception proves the vex, vitalize
rule concerning things not excepted.
EXCITE (Thrill), verb arouse, delight, drive, electrify, fire
EXCERPT, noun citation, clipping, excerption, extract, up, get going, ignite, impassion, instigate, instill exciting
part, passage, passage taken from a book, portion, quota- feelings, interest, intrigue, key up, motivate, move, pique,
tion, quote, quoted passage, reference, representative se- provoke, pump up, rivet, spark, start, stimulate, titillate,
lection, select passage, selection trigger, vitalize
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: redact portions of a confession ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: in the heat of passion

EXCESS, adjective excessive, exorbitant, extra, extrava- EXCITEMENT, noun appetite, ardor, avidity, avidness,
gant, extreme, immoderate, inordinate, lavish, more than desirousness, electricity, encouragement, energy, enthusi-
enough, needless, nimium, overabundant, overflowing, asm, enticement, galvanization, impatience, incentive, inci-
overmuch, profuse, recremental, recrementitial, recremen- tation, incitement, inducement, inspiration, instigation, in-
titious, redundant, spare, superabundant, supererogative, terest, jest, keenness, lure, lust, motivation, nervousness,
supererogatory, superfluous, supernumerary, surplus, passion, spur, stimulant, stimulation, stimulus, thirst
undue, unnecessary, unneeded
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: excess fees, excess of jurisdiction, ex- EXCLAMATION, noun cry, emphasis, holler, howl, in-
cess profits tax terjection, proclamation, remark, scream, screech, shout,
shriek, squeak, squeal, statement, yell, yowl
EXCESSIVE, adjective characterized by excess, dispro-
portionate, exaggerated, exceeding, exceeding what is EXCLUDE, verb avoid, ban, banish, bar, block, blockade,
usual, exorbitant, extra, extravagant, extreme, fanatical, boycott, cast out, censor, count out, debar, deny entry,
fulsome, gross, immoderate, immoderatus, immodicus, deport, deprive, disallow, disbar, discount, disdain, dis-
inordinate, intemperate, needless, nimius, nonessential, miss, disown, displace, disqualify, disregard, eject, elimi-
out of bounds, outrageous, overflowing, overmuch, pletho- nate, eradicate, except, excludere, excommunicate, excuse,
ric, preposterous, profuse, rank, redundant, spare, super- exempt, exile, eximere, expatriate, expel, force out, for-
abundant, supererogatory, superfluous, supernumerary, swear, have nothing to do with, ignore, impose a ban,
surplus, unbounded, uncalled for, unconscionable, undue, isolate, keep from entering, keep out, lay aside, leave out,
unnecessary, unneeded, unreasonable leave unregarded, liberate, make an exception, neglect,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: excessive assessment, excessive bail, omit, ostracize, oust, outlaw, overlook, pass over, place out
excessive damages, excessive sentence, excessive tax, of bounds, preclude, prevent, prohibere, prohibit, pro-
excessive verdict scribe, put aside, put out, quarantine, rebuff, refuse to
admit, refuse to consider, refuse to include, refuse to see,
EXCHANGE, noun bargain, barter, bazaar, bourse, busi- reject, remove, renounce, repel, repudiate, repulse, re-
ness intercourse, buying and selling, change, commerce, strict, rule out, scorn, segregate, sequester, set apart, set
commutation, conversion, deal, interchange, intercourse, aside, shut out, spurn, taboo, take out, throw out, thrust
market, mart, merchantry, permutatio, permutation, rear- out, treat as a special case, turn away, turn out, uproot,
rangement, reciprocation, reciprocity, replacement, repri- veto, weed
sal, requital, retaliation, shift, shuffle, stock market, substi- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: exclude from a will, exclude from
tute, substitution, supplanting, swap, trade, traffic, employment
transaction, transfer, transposal, transposition
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bill of exchange, exchange of prop- EXCLUSION, noun apartheid, avoidance, ban, bar,
erty, reciprocal exchange, reciprocal transfers blackball, boycott, debarment, denial, denial of entry,

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deportation, disbarment, discard, dislodgment, dismissal, EXCULPATORY, adjective absolve, absolve of fault,
disownment, displacement, ejection, exclusio, exemption, absolve of liability, absolve of wrongdoing, acquit, clear,
exile, expatriation, expulsion, immunity, intolerance, isola- clear from, clear from a charge, clear from imputation of
tion, monopoly, nonacceptance, nonadmission, nonconsid- fault, clear from liability, clear of blame, clear of guilt, clear-
eration, noninclusion, omission, ostracism, preclusion, ing, declare not guilty, excuse, exonerate, free, free from
prejudice, privilege, prohibition, purge, refusal, rejection, blame, justify, liberate, tending to absolve, tending to clear,
removal, repudiation, riddance, seclusion, segregation, tending to pardon, tending to prove guiltless, tending to
separation, voidance prove not guilty, tending to set free, tending to vindicate
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: Escobedo rule, exception, exclusion ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: exculpatory clause, exculpatory
from a will, exclusion of a juror, exclusionary clause, exclu- evidence
sionary rule, Miranda rule, systematic exclusion
FOREIGN PHRASES: Inclusio unius est exclusio alterius. The EXCULPATORY CLAUSE, noun absolution from liability,
inclusion of one is the exclusion of another. Expressio clear from a charge, clear from alleged guilt, clear from
unius est exclusio alterius. The expression of one thing is imputation of fault, condition to clear of liability, contract to
the exclusion of another. clear of liability, covenant to clear of liability, declaration to
clear of liability, exception to liability, excuse against the
EXCLUSIONARY RULE, noun exclusion of evidence imposition of liability, exemption from liability, exemption
resulting from illegal search and seizure, exclusion of evi- from liability, means to absolve of liability, means to clear
dence resulting from wrongful search, exclusion of illegally of liability, out clause, provision to absolve of liability, pro-
recovered evidence, fruit of the poisonous tree, illegally viso to absolve of liability, vindication from liability
obtained evidence, inadmissible evidence ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: contracts, trusts and estates, wills

EXCLUSIVE (Limited), adjective biased, bigoted, EXCUSE, noun alibi, allowance, defense, dispensation,
choice, clannish, cliquish, esoteric, exclusionary, exclu- exculpation, excusatio, exemption, exoneration, explana-
sory, illiberal, preclusive, prejudiced, prohibitive, re- tion for some delinquency, extenuation, justification, miti-
stricted, restrictive, select, selective, snobbish, snobby, gation, ostensible reason, pretense, pretext, rationalization,
uncharitable reason, subterfuge
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: exclusive agency, exclusive control, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: excusable assault, excusable homicide,
exclusive franchise, exclusive immunity, exclusive jurisdic- excusable neglect, legal excuse
tion, exclusive license, exclusive ownership, exclusive pos- FOREIGN PHRASES: Impotentia excusat legem. The impossi-
session, exclusive remedy, exclusive right, exclusive use bility of performing a legal duty is an excuse from the
performance. A l’impossible nul n’est tenu. No one is
EXCLUSIVE (Singular), adjective distinct, especial, iso- bound to do what is impossible.
lated, lone, one, only, separate, single, sole, solitary, spe-
cial, unique EXCUSE, verb absolve, acquit, allow for, bear with,
clear, condone, discharge, exculpate, exempt, exonerate,
EXCLUSIVE CONTROL, noun cornered market, domi- expurgare, extenuate, forgive, free, give absolution to, give
nation, exclusive care, exclusive dominance, monopoly, dispensation, grant amnesty to, judge with indulgence,
ownership, single use, sole accountability, sole control, sole justify, let off, liberate, make allowances for, overlook, par-
liability, sole liability for, sole responsibility, under the sole don, pass over, pronounce innocent of wrong, provide with
and exclusive care and control an alibi, regard indulgently, release, release from obliga-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: medical malpractice tion, relieve, remit, reprieve, shrive, vindicate
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: affirmative defense, alibi, defense, just
EXCLUSIVE RIGHTS, noun distinctiveness, exclusive cause, justification, lawful excuse, legitimate excuse, rea-
right, limited territory, restrictive territory, restrictiveness, sonable excuse
selectiveness, singularity, sole and undivided right, special- FOREIGN PHRASES: Impotentia excusat legem. The impossi-
ization, uniqueness bility of performing a legal duty is an excuse from the
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: covenant not to compete performance. Injuria non excusat injuriam. One wrong
does not excuse another. Ignorantia excusator, non juris
EXCULPABLE, adjective absolved, acquitted, blame- sed facti. Ignorance of fact may excuse, but not ignorance
less, clear, clear of blame, clear of fault, cleared, devoid of of law. Ignorantia eorum quae quis scire tenetur non
wrongdoing, exemplary, exonerated, faultless, free and excusat. Ignorance of those things which a person is
clear of wrongdoing, free from blame, free of guilt, guilt- deemed to know is no excuse. Vani timoris justa excusa-
less, immaculate, impeccable, inculpable, innocent, irrep- tio non est. A frivolous fear is not a lawful excuse.
rehensible, irreproachable, law-abiding, not guilty, pallia- Ignorantia juris non excusat. Ignorance of the law is no
tive, pure, scott-free, unblemished, unimpeachable, excuse. Regula est, juris quidem ignorantiam cuique
unspotted, unsullied, untarnished, upright, upstanding, nocere, facti vero ignorantiam non nocere. The rule is
vindicated, virtuous that a person’s ignorance of the law may prejudice him, but
that his ignorance of fact will not.
EXCULPATE, verb absolve, absolve of fault, absolve of
wrongdoing, acquit, clear, clear from a charge, clear from EXECUTE (Accomplish), verb achieve, act, act upon,
alleged guilt, clear from imputation of fault, declare guilt- attain, bring about, bring to pass, carry into effect, carry into
less, declare not guilty, dismiss, excusare, excuse, exoner- execution, carry out, commit, complete, discharge, do, ef-
ate, free, free from blame, give absolution to, justify, liber- fect, effectuate, efficere, enact, fulfill, manage, perform,
ate, pardon, prove guiltless, prove not guilty, set free, perpetrate, put in action, put in force, realize, see through,
vindicate, vindicate from unjust reproach succeed, take action, transact
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: exculpatory clause, exculpatory ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: execute a contract, execute a note,
evidence, exculpatory statement, mitigation of damages execute a promise, execute a warrant, execute after entry

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of a judgment, execute an agreement, execute an instru- expenses, executrix, guardian, independent executors,
ment, execute an obligation, execute an order, execute the probate court, surrogate’s court
laws, executed consideration, executed contract, executed
estate, executed fine, executed remainder, executed trust, EXECUTORY, adjective contingent, imperfectus, infec-
execution creditor, execution debtor, execution lien, execu- tus, not yet carried into operation, unaccomplished, unad-
tion sales, garnishment, tax execution ministered, uncompleted, unexecuted, unfinished, unful-
filled, unperformed
EXECUTE (Sentence to death), verb condemn, condemn ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: executory accord, executory bequest,
to death, deprive of life, dispatch, end life, inflict capital executory consideration, executory contract, executory
punishment, kill, punish with death, put to death, put to devise, executory estate, executory gift, executory instru-
death according to law, slay, supplicium ment, executory interest, executory limitation, executory
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: execute pursuant to a death sentence, remainder, executory treaty, executory trust
execution of a sentence, sentence
EXEMPLAR, noun apotheosis, archetype, example, ex-
EXECUTION (Completion), noun accomplishment, emplum, exponent, frame of reference, good example,
achievement, act, action, administration, application, art, guide, height of perfection, hero, ideal, model, model of
completion, conquest, consummation, contrivance, denoue- virtue, nonesuch, nonpareil, paradigm, paragon, pattern,
ment, discharge, doing, effectuation, effort, enactment, ex- person of repute, prize, prototype, replica, shining exam-
pedition, feat, finalization, following, fulfillment, handling, ple, specimen, standard, standard for comparison, standard
implementation, oration, performance, perpetration, practice, for imitation, standard of perfection, superior individual, the
production, proficiency, prosecution, pursuance, realization, epitome of virtue, the finest example, the paragon of virtue,
triumph the perfect example, the prime example, the summit

EXECUTION (Collection on a judgment), noun annihila- EXEMPLARY, adjective excellent, honorable, ideal, il-
tion, defrayal, defrayment, discharge, enforcement, pay- lustrative, in point, laudable, meritorious, model, normal,
ment, recompense, remittance, remuneration, resolution, normative, paradigmatic, personifying, praiseworthy, prec-
satisfaction edential, representative, sample, serving as a deterrent,
serving as a model, serving as a pattern, serving as a
EXECUTION (Killing), noun capital punishment, corpo- sample, serving as a warning, serving as an instance, typify-
ral punishment, death penalty, decapitation, electrocution, ing, used as a deterrent, used as a model, used as a speci-
gassing, guillotining, hanging, impalement, lethal injection, men, worthy, worthy of imitation
lynching, punishment of death sentence ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: exemplary damages

EXECUTIVE, adjective administrative, directing, high- EXEMPLIFY, verb act the part of, actualize, be taken for,
level, legislative, managing, ministerial, officiating, presiding be the equivalent of, betoken, cite, connote, convey an
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: executive acts, executive branch, ex- impression, delineate, demonstrate, denote, depict, dis-
ecutive clemency, executive committee, executive council, play, elucidate, embody, enucleate, evidence, evince, ex-
executive department, executive director, executive duties, hibit, explicate, express, give an example, give an instance,
executive officer, executive order, executive powers, ex- give concrete form to, illuminate, illustrate, indicate, in-
ecutive records, executive session stance, make clear by examples, make evident, make
manifest, make obvious, make plain, manifest, picture,
EXECUTIVE, noun administrator, employer, industrialist, point to, portray, portray by example, produce an instance,
key man, key person, key woman, manager render manifest, represent, show by example, signify,
stand for, symbolize, typify
EXECUTIVE PRIVILEGE, noun classified, concealed, con- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: exemplified copies
fidential, confidentiality with other branches of govern-
ment, confidential relationship, executive department’s EXEMPT, adjective absolved, at liberty, cleared, dis-
immunity, executive department’s privilege, executive im- charged, excluded, excused, exempted, favored, free, free
munity, hidden, imparted in secret, not for publication, not of binding obligation, freed from, immune, immunis, liber,
to be communicated, not to be disclosed to other branches liberated, not answerable, not liable, not responsible, not
of government, president’s staff’s nondisclosures, private restricted, not subject to, outside, possessed of immunity,
with other branches of government, protected communica- privileged, protected, released, relieved from liability, set
tion from other branches of government, protected rela- apart, shielded, solutus, unaffected, unbound, unchecked,
tionship, restricted from other branches of government, unconfined, uncontrolled, unencumbered, unimpeded, un-
secret, spoken in confidence, told in confidence, top secret, restrained, unrestricted, waived
unmentionable, unrevealed ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: exempt from attachment, exempt
Generally: freedom from testifying, nondisclosable informa- from execution, exempt from sale, exempt from taxation,
tion, nondisclosure, refusal to disclose exempt property
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: invoking executive privilege
EXEMPTION, noun allowance, discharge, disengage-
EXECUTOR, noun administrator, administrator of a ment, exception, freedom, freedom from duty, freedom
will, administrator of the decedent’s estate, administratrix, from liability, freedom from obligation, freedom from re-
custodian, delegate, fiduciary, legal representative, person quirements, freedom from service, immunitas, immunity,
in charge, person in responsibility, person named to carry liberation, liberty, license, permit, privilege, release, release
out the provisions of a will, personal representative, repre- from liability, release from obligation, special privilege
sentative of the decedent, trustee ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: exemption from jury service, exemp-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: administor, administrix, ancillary ex- tion from sale, exemption statute, homestead exemption,
ecutor, custodian, executor named in a will, executorship personal exemption, tax exemption

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EXERCISE (Discharge a function), verb act, adminis- EXHORT, verb adhortari, adjure, admonish, advise,
ter, carry into execution, carry on, carry out, conduct, do advocate, animate, arouse, beg, beseech, caution, charge,
duty, efficere, engage in, execute, exercere, facere, offici- coax, command, counsel, encourage, enjoin, entreat, goad,
ate, perform, practice, pursue, put in motion, put into impel, implore, importune, incite, induce, influence, in-
action, put into effect, put into practice, serve as, translate spire, inspirit, instigate, instruct, offer advice, persuade,
into action, wage plead, press, prevail upon, prompt, push, recommend,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: authority exercised under the U.S. rouse, spur, stimulate, talk into, urge, warn
Constitution, exercise an option, exercise jurisdiction, exer-
cise of judicial discretion EXIGENCY, noun crisis, critical situation, difficulty, exi-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Cui jurisdictio data est, ea quoque con- gence, imperativeness, necessity, need, press, pressing
cessa esse videntur, sine quibus jurisdictio explicari necessity, pressure, requirement, urgency, urgent need,
non potest. To whomsoever jurisdiction is given, those want
things also are supposed to be granted, without which the ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: public exigency
jurisdiction cannot be exercised. Frustra est potentia quae
nunquam venit in actum. A power is a vain one if it is EXIGENT, adjective acute, badly needed, clamant, com-
never exercised. pelling, compulsory, critical, crucial, crying, demanding,
essential, grave, high priority, imperative, important, indis-
EXERCISE (Use), verb apply, avail oneself of, bring into pensable, inescapable, insistent, mandatory, necessary,
play, bring to bear, draw on, employ, make use of, manipu- necessitous, needed, needful, not to be delayed, not to be
late, operate, practice, put in action, put in practice, put to overlooked, pressing, required, requiring immediate atten-
use, put to work, turn to account, utilize, wield tion, requiring immediate care, requiring prompt action,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: exercise a right to vote, exercise an serious, unavoidable, urgent, vital
option, exercise discretion, exercise dominion, exercise ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: exigent circumstances
due care, exercise of power
EXILE, verb banish, cast out, deport, dismiss, displace,
EXERT, verb apply, bring into operation, bring into play, dispossess, eject, eliminate, evict, exclude, excommuni-
bring to bear, contendere, employ, exercise, expend, make cate, exile, expatriate, expel, expulse, kick out, ostracize,
use of, manipulate, operate, put forth, put in action, set to oust, reject, relegate, repudiate, run out, spurn, throw out,
work, spend, strain, strive, try, use, utilize, wield, work transport

EXHAUST (Deplete), verb absumere, conficere, con- EXIST, verb be, be alive, be in effect, be in present
sume, consume completely, consumere, debilitate, deflate, force, breathe, come into existence, continue, continue to
deprive of strength, devitalize, dissipate, drain, draw, draw be, continue to live, endure, esse, exsistere, exstare, go on,
out, empty, enervate, enfeeble, expend, fatigue, overtire, have being, have existence, have life, inhere, last, live, live
reach the end of, run through, sap, spend, strain, tax, tire, on, persist, remain, remain alive, stay, stay alive, subsist,
use, use up, waste, weaken, wear out, weary survive
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: exhaust all available assets ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: corporate existence, existing creditors,
existing debt, existing estate, existing law, existing liability,
EXHAUST (Try all possibilities), verb carry to comple- existing lien, existing rights, existing use
tion, complete, exhaurire, finish, follow through, litigate
completely, treat thoroughly, use up available remedies EXISTENCE, noun activity, actuality, animation, being,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: exhaustion of administrative remedies, breath, continuance, continuation, corporality, duration,
exhaustion of remedies, exhaustion of state remedies endurance, essence, genuineness, life, living, physical exis-
tence, presence, quintessence, reality, realness, subsis-
EXHAUSTIVE, adjective absolute, across-the-board, all- tence, substance, survival
embracing, all-encompassing, all-out, broad, compendi-
ous, complete, comprehensive, covered completely, em- EXIT, verb abandon, abscond, decamp, depart, desert,
bracing, embracive, encyclopedic, expansive, extensive, disappear, emigrate, escape, evacuate, find a passage, find
far-reaching, general, global, inclusive, in-depth, infinite, a way out, forsake, get away, go, leave, move, part, perish,
intensive, methodical, panoramic, profound, sweeping, pull out, quit, remove, retire, retreat, take off, vacate, walk
systematic, thorough, total, umbrella, unhampered, univer- out, withdraw
sal, unrestrained, wide-ranging
EXONERATE, verb absolve, absolve of a charge, acquit,
EXHIBIT, noun disclosure, display, document produced clear, clear of an imputation of guilt, declare blameless,
as evidence, evidence, exhibition, exposition, item of evi- declare innocent, declare not guilty, discharge, discharge of
dence, object produced as evidence, object submitted in responsibility, exculpate, excuse, forgive, free from accusa-
proof of facts, presentation, revelation, showing tion, free from blame, give absolution, grant a reprieve,
grant amnesty, liberate, pardon, pronounce free from guilt,
EXHIBIT, verb bring forward, bring to light, bring to prove blameless, prove not guilty, purge, release from an
notice, bring to view, demonstrate, disclose, display, evi- obligation, release from liability, relieve, relieve from ac-
dence, evince, exhibere, exponere, expose, express, fea- cusation, relieve of blame, relieve of liability, remit a pen-
ture, illustrate, indicate, lay bare, lay open, make clear, alty, set free, vindicate
make known, make obvious, make plain, manifest, offer for ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: indemnify
inspection, open up, point out, present, present for consid-
eration, present to view, produce, proponere, reveal, reveal EXONERATION, noun absolution, absolution of a
to public notice, set forth, show, submit in evidence, charge, acquittal, acquittance, act of indemnity, amnesty,
uncover, unveil bill of indemnity, clearance, clearing, discharge, dismissal of
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: exhibit in evidence charges, dispensation, exculpation, excuse, forgiveness,

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freedom, freedom from accusation, freedom from guilt, foresight, hope, intention, misgiving, opinio, preconcep-
freeing from blame, liberation, pardon, release, relief from, tion, presentiment, presumption, presurmise, prevenience,
remission, reprieve, vindication, withdrawal of the charge probability, promise, prospect, prospection, prospicience,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: exoneration clause in a will, exonera- spes, suspense, trust, waiting
tion of bail, pardon ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: expectant estates, expectant heir, ex-
pectant right, reasonable expectation
EXORBITANT, adjective dear, enormous, excessive,
expensive, extortionate, extravagant, extreme, fabulous, EXPEDIENCE, noun acceptability, advantageousness,
greedy, gross, high-priced, huge, immense, immoderate, appropriateness, aptness, commendableness, convenience,
immodicus, inordinate, intemperate, outrageous, over- discrimination, expediency, favorableness, feasibility, felici-
much, preposterous, uncalled-for, unconscionable, undue, tousness, fitness, fittingness, meetness, opportuneness,
unreasonable, unwarranted practicality, pragmatism, profitableness, propitiousness,
propriety, prudence, reasonableness, rightness, seemliness,
EXPAND, verb accumulate, add to, advance, aggrandize, sense, sensibleness, sound judgment, suitability, suitable-
aggravate, amplify, ascend, augment, balloon, be augmented, ness, timeliness, usefulness, utilitas, utility, worthiness
be distended, become broad, become greater, become larger,
blow up, branch out, broaden, build up, burgeon, deepen, EXPEDIENT, noun agency, alternative, apparatus, appli-
develop, develop in greater detail, dilatare, dilate, distend, ance, arrangement, artifice, auxiliary, campaign, consilium,
elaborate, elevate, enhance, enlarge, enlarge on, enter into contributing force, contrivance, convenience, course, design,
detail, escalate, exacerbate, exaggerate, expatiate on, express device, equipment, formula, implement, instrument, inven-
in fuller form, extend, extendere, fan out, fatten, fill out, further, tion, machina, machination, machine, makeshift, maneuver,
gain, gain strength, go into detail, greaten, grow, grow larger, material, means, means to an end, measure, mechanism,
heighten, increase, increase in bulk, increase in extent, in- medium, method, mode of procedure, plan, practice, proce-
crease the capacity of, inflate, intensify, lazare, lengthen, dure, proceeding, process, ratio, resort, resource, ruse,
magnify, make greater, make larger, make more comprehen- scheme, shift, step, stopgap, stratagem, strategy, stroke,
sive, maximize, multiply, outspread, outstretch, progress, subterfuge, suggestion, tactic, technique, tool, treatment,
prolong, raise, redouble, render broad, render larger, shoot trick, undertaking, utensil, vehicle, way, wherewithal
upward, sprawl, spread, spread out, spread over, step up,
stretch, stretch out, supplement, swell, unfold, wax, widen EXPEDITE, verb accelerate, accomplish promptly, ad-
vance, aid, assist, clear the way, dispatch, drive on, ease,
EXPANSION, noun accession, accretion, accrual, ad- encourage, expedire, facilitate, forward, foster, further, give
dendum, addition, appendix, assemblage, augmentation, a start, hasten, help, hurry, move up, pave the way, pre-
blossoming, boost, collection, continuation, development, cipitate, promote, push ahead, push forward, push through,
elaboration, emergence, evolvement, extension, flowering, put into action, quicken, rush, set in motion, smooth,
gain, growth, improvement, increase, increment, matura- speed, speed up, stimulate, support, urge forward, urge on
tion, metamorphosis, progress, progression, proliferation,
raise, ripening, rise, step-up, supplement EXPEDITIOUS, adjective accelerated, accomplished ef-
ficiently, active, alacritious, brisk, celer, done quickly, done
EXPATRIATE, verb abandon nationality, banish, cast out, with expedition, efficient, express, fast, fleet, hasty, imme-
change national allegiance, deport, drive from one’s native diate, instant, maturus, prompt, promptus, punctual, quick,
land, eject, exclude, exile, expel, leave one’s country, out- rapid, ready, snappy, speedy, spirited, swift, with alacrity,
law, renounce citizenship, renounce rights of citizenship, with dispatch, with speed
send away, transport, withdraw from one’s native land
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: aliens, citizenship, deportation EXPEL, verb banish, cut out, deport, discard, discharge,
dislodge, dismiss, disown, dispose of, dispossess, drive
EXPECT (Anticipate), verb await, bargain for, be certain, out, eicere, eject, eliminate, emit, evict, exclude, excom-
be confident, be prepared, calculate upon, count on, expect- municate, exigere, exile, expatriate, expellere, extrude, force
are, have in prospect, look for, look forward to, plan on, away, force out, get rid of, kick out, ostracize, oust, outlaw,
prepare for, provide for, reckon on, sperare, wait for, watch for purge, put out, reject, remove, rout out, throw out, thrust
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: contingent expectancy, expectancy of out, turn out, weed out
heir, expectant estate, expectant interest, expectant right,
life expectancy EXPEND (Consume), verb apply, avail oneself of, burn,
deplete, devour, dissipate, employ, exert, exhaust, finish,
EXPECT (Consider probable), verb apprehend, assume, lessen, reduce, spend, turn to account, use, use up, waste
believe, conclude, conjecture, consider likely, divine, envi-
sion, fancy, forecast, foresee, gather, guess, have a hunch, EXPEND (Disburse), verb allocate, allot, apportion,
have a presentiment, imagine, infer, judge, predict, pre- assign, bear the cost of, bear the expense of, distribute,
sume, prognosticate, prophesy, regard likely, suppose, erogare, expendere, give money, impendere, incur an ex-
surmise, suspect, think, think likely pense, incur costs, make an expenditure, make payment,
meet the expense of, pay, pay out, render payment, spend,
EXPECTANT, adjective alert, anticipant, anticipatory, support the expense of
antsy, anxious, breathless, brooding, eager, enthusiastic,
excited, imminent, impatient, nervous, open-eyed, open- EXPENDABLE, adjective accessory, added, additional,
mouthed, pending, raring, restive, restless, vigilant, watchful auxiliary, dispensable, disposable, duplicate, excess, exces-
sive, expletive, extra, extraneous, functionless, futile, gratu-
EXPECTATION, noun anticipation, assurance, await- itous, impotent, inapplicable, inconsequential, ineffectual,
ing, calculation, contemplation, expectance, expectancy, inessential, inoperative, insignificant, inutile, irrelevant,
exspectatio, foreboding, forefeeling, foreknowledge, leftover, needless, negligible, nonessential, nonfunctional,

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nugatory, of no account, overplus, peripheral, purposeless, varios actus legem experientia facit. By various acts ex-
redundant, replaceable, spare, substitutable, superabun- perience makes the law.
dant, supererogatory, superfluous, supernumerary, supple-
mental, supplementary, surplus, trifling, unavailing, un- EXPERIENCE (Encounter), noun adventure, befalling,
called-for, unessential, unimportant, unnecessary, circumstance, confrontation, episode, escapade, event,
unneeded, unprofitable, unrequired, unusable, unused, happening, incident, occasion, occurrence, pass, phenom-
useless, valueless, worthless enon, presentation, proceeding, situation, transpiration,
venture
EXPENDITURE, noun amount, cash paid, charge, cost,
cost incurred, defrayal, defrayment, disbursement, dis- EXPERIMENT, noun assay, attempt, dry run, endeavor,
charge, expense, expenses, funds paid out, investment, essay, examination, experimentum, first attempt, investiga-
money expended, outgo, outlay, payment, price, remit- tion, organized observation, periculum, research, search,
tance, spendings, sum test, testing program, trial, tryout, venture, verification
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: actual expenditure, capital expenditure,
extraordinary expenditure, good faith expenditure, lawful EXPERT, adjective able, accomplished, acquainted,
expenditure, legitimate expenditure, ordinary expenditure adept, adroit, all-knowing, apt, artful, callidus, capable,
clever, cognizant, competent, conversant, deft, dexterous,
EXPENSE (Cost), noun amount, appraisal, appraisement, effective, efficient, encyclopedic, experienced, facile, fin-
assessment, budgeted items, buying price, charge, consid- ished, handy, ingenious, knowing, knowledgeable, learned,
eration, cost incurred, costliness, debit, defrayal, defray- masterful, masterly, omniscient, practiced, prepared, pro-
ment, discharge of a debt, dispendium, drain on resources, fessional, proficient, qualified, sciens, seasoned, skilled,
due, exaction, exactment, expenditure, fair value, fee, skillful, trained, tried, versed, veteran, well-qualified, wise
impendium, impensa, market price, monetary value, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: expert evidence, expert opinion, ex-
money expended, obligation, outgo, outlay, overhead, pert witness, handwriting expert
payment, price, rate, remittance, sum, sum charged, valu-
ation, value, worth EXPERT, noun authority, connoisseur, experienced
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accrued business expense, actual ex- hand, experienced person, experienced personnel, genius,
penses, capital expense, collection expense, contingent knowing person, man of erudition, man of learning, master,
expense, current expenses, deductible expense, disburse- master hand, mastermind, paragon, practiced hand, practi-
ments, expenditures of an estate, expenses in bringing an tioner, professional, proficient person, qualified person,
action, expenses incurred, expenses of administration, ex- sage, savant, scholar, skilled hand, skilled practitioner, so-
penses of condemnation, expenses of receivership, ex- phisticate, specialist, specializer, specially trained person,
traordinary expenses, general operating expense, inciden- strategist, technician, trained person, trained personnel,
tal expenses, legitimate expense, maintenance expense, veteran, virtuoso
mandatory expense, necessary and regular expense, neces- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: expert testimony, expert witness
sary business expense, nonbusiness expense, office ex-
penses, operating expenses, ordinary expenses, personal EXPERTISE, noun ability, acquaintance, adroitness, apt-
expenses, proper expenses, reasonable expenses, unusual ness, art, artfulness, background, capability, cleverness,
expenses, witness expenses command, conversance, dexterity, experience, facility, fac-
ulty, familiarity, finesse, fluency, genius, gift, ingenuity, judg-
EXPENSE (Sacrifice), noun abandonment, casualty, ces- ment, knack, know-how, mastery, proficiency, prowess,
sion, concession, consumption, costliness, damage, de- savvy, sharpness, skill set, skills, specialty, strength, talent
cline, deprival, deprivation, deterioration, detriment, disad- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: expert testimony
vantage, disposal, dissipation, dissolution, drain, drain on
resources, erosion, forfeit, forfeiture, harm, hurt, ill fortune, EXPIATION, noun acknowledgment, adjustment,
impairment, injury, loss, penalty, privation, relinquishment, amends, apology, atonement, compensation, damages,
renunciation, surrender expiatio, full satisfaction, guerdon, indemnification, indem-
nity, pacification, paying back, payment, piaculum, poena,
EXPENSIVE, adjective absonant, big-ticket, costly, ex- propitiation, punishment, quittance, reckoning, recom-
cessive, exorbitant, extortionate, extravagant, extreme, pense, reconciliation, recoupment, recovery, repayment,
fancy, high-end, lavish, luxurious, overpriced, plush, posh, requital, restitution, satisfaction, settlement, solatium
premium, pricey, prohibitive, rich, sky-high, spendy, steep,
stiff, sumptuous, swank, unaffordable, uneconomic, uneco- EXPIRATION, noun cessation, close, closing, closure,
nomical, unreasonable completion, conclusion, consummation, death, discontinu-
ance, discontinuation, dissolution, dying, end, ending, ex-
EXPERIENCE (Background), noun acquaintance, piry, exspiratio, finish, limit, period, retirement, running
adroitness, apprenticeship, cognizance, competence, com- out, stop, stoppage, term, termination
petency, cosmopolitanism, education, empiricism, enlight- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: expiration of a charter, expiration of a
enment, experientia, expertise, expertness, familiarity, in- contract, expiration of a franchise, expiration of a grant,
struction, judgment, ken, know-how, knowledge, learning, expiration of a lease, expiration of a license, expiration of
mastery, maturity, peritia, perspicaciousness, practical a patent, expiration of a period of redemption, expiration
knowledge, practical wisdom, practice, preparation, profi- of a sentence, expiration of a term of office, expiration of
ciency, qualification, schooling, seasoning, skill, skillfulness, a trademark, expiration of an insurance policy, expiration of
sophistication, teaching, training, tuition, understanding, an option to buy, expiration of credit
wisdom, worldliness
FOREIGN PHRASES: Experientia per varios actus legem EXPIRE, verb animam edere, become void, cease, cease
facit. Magistra rerum experientia. Experience by various to be, close, come to a close, come to an end, conclude,
acts makes law. Experience is the mistress of things. Per decease, depart, die, die away, die out, disappear,

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discontinue, draw to a close, elapse, end, exspirare, fade distinctly stated, easy to understand, evident, evincive,
away, finish, go, lapse, pass, pass away, perish, run out, stop, exact, explanatory, express, expressed outright, forth-
succumb, surcease, terminate, vanish, wear away, wind up right, indisputable, intelligible, lucid, manifest, obvious,
open, outspoken, patent, perspicuous, plain, pointed,
EXPLAIN, verb account for, annotate, assign a meaning positive, precise, recognizable, specific, straightforward,
to, cause to be understood, clarify, clear of obscurity, clear strict, sure, to the point, transparent, unambiguous, uncon-
up, decipher, define, demonstrate, describe, disentangle, fusing, understandable, undisguised, unequivocal, unmis-
elucidate, enlighten, enucleate, exemplify, expedire, ex- takable, well-developed
planare, explicate, exponere, expound, give reason for, il- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: explicit notice, explicit power
luminate, illustrate, increase clarity, interpret, make clear,
make evident, make explicit, make manifest, make plain, EXPLOIT (Make use of), verb apply, avail oneself of,
manifest, offer an explanation, paraphrase, point out, popu- bring into play, capitalize on, consume, employ, exercise,
larize, put across, put in other words, rephrase, restate, fall back on, find useful, implement, make the most of,
reveal, shed light upon, show, simplify, solve, specify, spell manipulate, operate, profit by, put in practice, put into ac-
out, teach, tell how, throw light upon, translate, unfold, tion, put into operation, put to service, put to use, put to
unravel, unscramble, untangle work, resort to, set in motion, set to work, take advantage
of, turn to account, use, utilize, wield, work
EXPLANATION, noun amplification, annotation, clarifica-
tion, commentary, deciphering, defense, definition, delinea- EXPLOIT (Take advantage of), verb abuse, do an injus-
tion, demonstration, description, elucidation, enucleation, tice to, ill-treat, ill-use, maltreat, manipulate, milk, misap-
exegesis, exemplification, explanatio, explicatio, explication, ply, misappropriate, misdirect, misemploy, misgovern,
exposition, expounding, illumination, illustration, interpreta- mishandle, mismanage, mistreat, misuse, oppress, over-
tio, interpretation, justification, key, meaning, plain interpre- burden, overtask, overtax, overuse, overwork, persecute,
tation, rationale, rendering, rendition, showing, simplifica- put to wrong use, turn selfishly to one’s own account, use
tion, solution, strict interpretation, translation, unfolding badly, use improperly, use selfishly, use wrongly, victimize
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: commentary to a statute, explanatory
expressions in a will EXPLOITATION, noun employ, misapplication, misuse,
overcharge, profiteering, turning to account, unethical use,
EXPLANATORY, adjective annotative, apodictal, clarify- use, usury, utilization, utilization for profit
ing, commentarial, demonstrational, demonstrative, de-
scriptive, elucidative, enlightening, evincive, exegetic, ex- EXPLORE (Analyze), verb anatomize, appraise, ascer-
egetical, exemplificative, explicative, explicatory, explicit, tain, assay, break down, consider, criticize, delve into, de-
expository, expressive, illustrative, informative, informa- velop, dig into, dissect, examine, hunt, inquire, inspect,
tory, interpretative, justificatory, revealing, revelatory investigate, peruse, ponder, pour over, probe, prospect,
question, reconnoître, research, scope, scout, screen, scru-
EXPLETIVE, noun addition, anathema, bad language, tinize, search, seek, study, survey, test, weigh
blaspheming, curse, denunciation, ecphonesis, embellish-
ment, execration, foul invective, foul language, impreca- EXPLORE (Search), verb browse, come across, cruise,
tion, injection, insertion, interjection, interpolation, irrever- detect, dig up, discover, espy, examine, hunt, identify, in-
ence, malediction, outcry, profane interjection, rhetorical spect, investigate, locate, look for, notice, observe, per-
phrase, rhetorical word, scurrility, strong language, swear- ceive, peruse, probe, prospect, research, reveal, scan,
ing, unnecessary addition, unnecessary inclusion scout, search, seek, skim, skirt, surf, thumb through, tour,
travel, traverse, unearth
EXPLICABLE, adjective accountable, apprehensible, as-
cribable, cognizable, coherent, comprehensible, conceiv- EXPLOSION (Detonation), noun blast, bombing,
able, constructable, deducible, determinable, discoverable, charge, detonation of a weapon detonated, detonation of
easily understood, explainable, fathomable, intelligible, inter- an incendiary device, detonation of bomb, detonator, dis-
pretable, knowable, penetrable, scrutable, understandable charge, proponent

EXPLICATE, verb clarify, define, describe, detail, de- EXPLOSION (Outcry), noun agitation, clamor, clangor,
velop, elucidate, enlighten, enodare, enucleate, explain, commotion, complaint, cri de coeur, cry, din, excitement,
explicare, expound, give a detailed explanation, illuminate, fury, howl, impassioned protest, insurgence, insurrection,
illustrate, interpret, interpretari, make clear, make explicit, opposition, outburst, protest, racket, repercussion, revolu-
make plain, render clear, reveal, shed light upon, simplify, tion, road, tumult, uproar, vociferation
spell out, throw light upon, translate, unfold, unfold the
meaning of, unfold the sense of, unriddle, untangle EXPLOSIVE (Detonative), adjective blast, capable of
being detonated, capable of exploding, combustible de-
EXPLICATORY, adjective analytical, clarifying, coher- vice, dangerous, detonating, discharge, incendiary device,
ent, commentarial, demonstrative, descriptive, elucidative, violent
enlightening, evincive, exegetic, exemplificative, explana-
tory, explicative, expository, illustrative, informative, infor- EXPLOSIVE (Violent), adjective acute, aggravating, ag-
matory, interpretative, revealing, revelatory gressive, almighty, antagonistic, belligerent, blistering,
combative, combustible, convulsive, cyclonic, destructive,
EXPLICIT, adjective absolute, accurate, apertus, be- dreadful, excruciating, fearsome, ferocious, fierce, frightful,
yond doubt, categorical, certain, clear, clearly defined, furious, harsh, hellacious, hostile, hot, intense, magnified,
clearly expressed, clearly formulated, clearly stated, com- paroxysmal, profound, rigorous, ruinous, severe, stormy,
prehensible, crystal-clear, decided, definite, definitus, stressed, tempestuous, terrible, truculent, tumultuous,
determinate, direct, distinct, distinctly expressed, vehement, vexing, vicious, violent, volatile

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EXPONENT (Explainer), noun definer, exegete, explica- open, liability, manifestation, openness, perceptibility,
tor, expositor, expounder, interpreter peril, presentation, publication, publicity, revelation, risk,
susceptibility, susceptivity, unfolding, unmasking, unveil-
EXPONENT (Representative), noun abettor, advocate, ing, visibility, vulnerability
apologist, backer, demonstration, emblem, embodiment, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: exposure to asbestos, exposure to
example, exemplar, exemplifier, illustration, indicant, indi- toxic chemical, insurance coverage and exposure
cation, proponent, proxy, sample, specimen, substitute,
symbol, token, type EXPOUND, verb clarify, clear of obscurity, clear up,
comment upon, commentate, construe, define, delineate,
EXPOSE (Disclose), verb abandon, advertise, air, bare, develop, elucidate, enucleate, explain, explicate, exposit,
bring into the open, bring to light, cast out, coarguere, de- illustrate, interpret, make clear, make plain, present the
fame, denounce, denude, deprive of protection, descry, meaning of, reveal, set forth, simplify, solve, spell out, state
detect, detegere, dig up, disclose, discover, display, divest, fully, state in detail, unfold, unriddle
divulge, emerge, endanger, evince, exhibit, exponere, fea- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: expound the law
ture, find, give away, hazard, hold up to public ridicule,
hunt down, imperil, indicate, inform on, issue, jeopardize, EXPRESS, adjective advised, aforethought, calculated,
lay bare, lay open, lay open to harm, locate, make liable, categorical, certain, clear, clearly indicated, clearly stated,
make visible, manifest, muckrake, open to view, present, conscious, decided, defined, definite, deliberate, determi-
produce, publish, put in a conspicuous place, put in danger, nate, direct, distinct, distinctly indicated, distinctly stated,
put in peril, put in view, report, reveal, risk, shame, show, emphatic, especially prepared, exact, explicit, fixed, in-
show off, smoke out, strip, strip of disguise, subject, turn tended, intended for a specific purpose, intentional, meant,
out, uncloak, unconceal, uncover, undrape, undress, un- not accidental, not by chance, outlined beforehand, outspo-
earth, unfold, unmask, unsheathe, unveil, unwrap, vent ken, particular, peculiar, plain, planned, planned in advance,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: expose to disease, expose to harm, positive, prearranged, precise, predetermined, premedi-
expose to obloquy, expose to ridicule, expose to the tated, purposeful, purposive, single, specially prepared,
elements specific, specified, unambiguous, unequivocal, willful, with
forethought
EXPOSE (Incriminate), verb abase, accuse, betray, brand, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: express abrogation, express agree-
denounce, dishonor, endanger, hazard, impeach, imperil, ment, express authority, express condition, express con-
implicate, impugn, inform, jeopardize, refute, stigmatize tract, express covenant, express malice, express notice,
express permission, express promise, express terms, ex-
EXPOSIT, verb account for, clarify, clear up, elucidate, press trust, express warranty
enlighten, enucleate, explain, explicate, expound, give a
lesson, give reason for, hold forth, illuminate, make clear, EXPRESS, verb affirm, air, allege, articulate, assert, as-
make lucid, make plain, make simple, make understand- severate, aver, breathe, comment, communicate, convey,
able, present, set forth, shed light upon, simplify, spell out, couch in terms, declarare, declare, denote, describe, dis-
state, throw light upon, unfold close, enumerate, enunciate, exprimere, find words for, for-
mulate, give expression to, give vent to, give voice to, im-
EXPOSITORY, adjective clarifying, commentarial, de- part, indicate, make a statement, make an assertion, make
clarative, declaratory, demonstrative, descriptive, didactic, explicit, make known, make plain, manifest directly, mouth,
discursive, discursory, disquisitional, dissertational, divul- observe, phrase, predicate, present, proclaim, pronounce,
gatory, elucidative, enlightening, exegetical, exemplary, put in words, remark, say, set down, set forth, set forth in
exemplificative, explanatory, explicative, explicatory, words, show, significare, speak, state, state directly, state
graphic, illuminating, illuminative, illustrative, informative, with conviction, tell, utter, vent, verbalize, voice
informatory, instructive, narrative, realistic FOREIGN PHRASES: Quoties in verbis nulla est ambiguitas,
ibi nulla expositio contra verba fienda est. Whenever
EXPOSTULATE, verb admonish, advise against, animad- there is no ambiguity in the words, then no exposition
vert upon, appeal against, argue, attempt to divert, cast contrary to the words should be made. Tacita quaedam
reproach upon, castigate, caution, chastise, chide, convince habentur pro expressis. Certain things, though unex-
to the contrary, correct, declaim against, dehort, deter, pressed, are considered as explicit. Expressio unius est
disapprove, discourage, disincline, dissuade, divert by ap- exclusio alterius. Expression of one thing is the exclusion
peal, divert by persuasion, enjoin, exclaim against, exhort of another. Expressio eorum quae tacite insunt nihil
against, find fault with, gainsay, give advice against, object, operatur. The expression of those things which are tacitly
objurgate, oppose, premonish, protest, reason earnestly implied has no effect.
against, recommend against, remonstrate, repugn, take
exception, talk out of, turn aside, urge against, view with EXPRESSION (Comment), noun articulation, asser-
disfavor, withhold assent tion, asseveration, cliché, communication, declaration,
expressed opinion, formula, formulation, idiom, indica-
EXPOSTULATION, noun admonition, altercation, tion, locution, maxim, mention, motto, profession, re-
blame, caution, complaint, condemnation, confirmed op- mark, representation in language, saying, sententia, set
position, contention, contrary advice, criticism, dehortation, phrase, setting forth in words, statement, verbalism, ver-
deprecation, difference, disapprobation, disapproval, dis- bum, vocal embodiment of thought, voicing, vox
sidence, dissent, dissuasion, expostulation, guidance, ob- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: construction, interpretation
jection, objuration, protest, protestation, rebuke, remon- FOREIGN PHRASES: Expressio unius est exclusio alterius.
strance, remonstration, reproach, reproof The expression of one thing is the exclusion of another.

EXPOSURE, noun danger, discernibility, discovery, di- EXPRESSION (Manifestation), noun appearance, dem-
vulgation, exposé, exposition, hazard, jeopardy, laying onstration, disclosure, display, emergence, evidence,

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evincement, exhibit, exhibition, exposition, exposure, illus- fabulous, fancy, fine, first-class, first-rate, gorgeous, grand,
tration, indication, instance, mark, presentation, present- great, high-grade, impeccable, jewel-like, marvelous,
ment, revealment, revelation, show, showing, sign, token, noble, outstanding, par excellence, premium, prime, rare,
uncovering select, sensational, special, spectacular, splendid, stellar,
sterling, superb, superior, superlative, supernal, supreme,
EXPRESSIVE, adjective animated, artistic, clear, coher- terrific, top, top-notch, transcendent, ultra rare, unsur-
ent, declaratory, demonstrative, depictive, descriptive, passed, wonderful
ebullient, effervescent, eloquent, emphatic, exhibitive, ex-
positive, expository, forceful, forcible, fraught with mean- EXTANT, adjective alive, current, currently existing, exis-
ing, graphic, imaginative, indicative, informative, irrepress- tent, existing, in being, in current use, in existence, living,
ible, lively, meaningful, momentous, moving, natural, not extinct, not lost, present, standing, still existing, still to
pithy, significant, spirited, strong, substantial, suggestive, be found, subsistent, surviving, undestroyed, visible
telling, unaffected, vital, vivacious, vivid, weighty
EXTEMPORANEOUS, adjective ad hoc, ad lib, auto-
EXPROPRIATE, verb abridge, annex, appropriate, arro- matic, casual, extemporary, extempore, immediate, im-
gate, assume, carry away, commandeer, confiscate, con- promptu, improvisational, improvised, impulsive, informal,
vert, deprive, dislodge, displace, dispossess, divest, hijack, instinctive, offhand, offhanded, off-the-cuff, snap, sponta-
impress, occupy, plagiarize, seize, take over, take posses- neous, spur-of-the-moment, unauthorized, unplanned, un-
sion of, transfer, usurp practiced, unprepared, unrehearsed, unscripted, unstudied
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: evidence, extemporaneous utterance
EXPROPRIATION (Divestiture), noun attachment, con-
fiscation, deprivation, dislodgment, dispossession, dissei- EXTEND (Enlarge), verb add, aggrandize, amplify, au-
sin, distraint, distress, divestment, ejection, eviction, expul- gere, augment, broaden, build up, carry beyond the limit,
sion, forcible seizure, foreclosure, removal, sequestration carry further, cause to grow, continue, deepen, develop,
dilate, distend, draw out, elongate, enlarge the scope of,
EXPROPRIATION (Right of eminent domain), noun expand, increase, increase the length of, inflate, lengthen,
compulsory purchase, condemnation, condemnation for magnify, make larger, make more comprehensive, propa-
public use, government appropriation of private land, sei- gare, protract, spread out in area, stretch, stretch out,
zure of private property for public use, seizure of property supplement, swell, widen
by the government, seizure of property in the public inter- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: extended lease, extension of a con-
est, taking for public use, taking of private land by the tract, extension of credit, extension of time for good cause
government
EXTEND (Offer), verb advance, give, hold out, intro-
EXPULSION, noun ban, banishment, debarment, de- duce, place at one’s disposal, present, present an opportu-
portation, deprivation, detrusion, disbarment, discharge, nity, present for acceptance or rejection, proffer, propose,
disgorgement, dislodgment, dismissal, displacement, dis- provide an opportunity, put forth, put forward, put forward
possession, disqualification, driving out, effusion, ejection, for consideration, submit, tender
ejectment, elimination, enforced withdrawal, eruption,
eviction, exactio, excision, exclusion, excommunication, EXTENSION (Expansion), noun addition, aggrandize-
exile, expatriation, expelling, expulsio, extradition, extru- ment, amplification, augmentation, broadening, dilatation,
sion, isolation, ostracism, ouster, outlawing, permanent dilation, distention, enlargement, growth, increase, in-
exclusion, purge, putting out, rejection, removal, segrega- crease of size, increment, magnification, prolatio, propaga-
tion, separation, suspension, termination of membership, tio, spreading, stretching, supplementation, widening
throwing out
EXTENSION (Postponement), noun abeyance, added
EXPUNGE, verb abrade, annul, black out, blot out, can- time, additional time, adjournment, break, continuance,
cel, cause to disappear, censor, cross off, cross out, delere, continuation, deferment, deferral, delay, extra time, further
delete, destroy, dispose of, do away with, edit out, efface, time, intermission, moratorium, more time, pause, prolon-
eradicate, erase, excise, extinguish, extirpate, inducere, gation, recess, respite, rest, stall, stay, suspension, suspen-
leave no trace, nullify, obliterate, oblitterare, put an end to, sion of activity, temporary stop, temporary suspension
quash, quell, raze, remove, remove all sign of, remove all ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: extension for good cause, extension of
trace of, render illegible, rub out, scratch out, strike out, payment, extension of renewal of note, extension of time
take out, wipe away, wipe off, wipe out
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: expunge the record EXTENSIVE, adjective ample, amplus, big, branching,
broad, broad-based, capacious, commodious, comprehen-
EXPURGATE, verb abridge, amend by removing, blue- sive, considerable, covering a wide area, deep, diffuse,
pencil, bowdlerize, cancel, censor, clean up, cleanse, con- diffusive, embracing a large area, encompassing a wide
ceal, cross out, cut, cut out, delete, depurate, efface, elimi- area, expanded, expansive, extended, extending, far-flung,
nate, enforce censorship, erase, expunge, expurgare, free far-ranging, far-reaching, great, inclusive, large, large-scale,
from objectionable content, make better, purge, purify, re- latus, liberal, magnus, prevalent, spread-out, spreading,
fine, strike out, suppress, weed sweeping, vast, wide, wide-reaching, widely extended,
widespread
EXPURGATED, adjective bowdlerized, censored, clari- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: extensive damage
fied, cleansed, diminished, disinfected, edited, emascu-
lated, excised, excluded, pure, purged, purified, refined EXTENT, noun amount, area, borders, bounds, breadth,
circuit, compass, comprehensiveness, coverage, degree,
EXQUISITE, adjective better, classic, dainty, delicate, dimensions, distance, expanse, gauge, hactenus, length,
elegant, elite, excellent, exceptional, exclusive, exquisite, limit, limitation, magnitude, measure, quantity, range, reach,

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scope, size, space, spaciousness, span, stretch, sweep, width EXTORTION, noun blackmail, coercion, compulsion, cor-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: extent of injury, extent of loss rupt demanding, exaction, exaction by oppression, illegal
compulsion, obtaining by force, obtaining by threat, oppres-
EXTENUATE, verb absolve, acquit, allow for, attemper, sion, oppressive exaction, rapaciousness, rapacity, res repe-
attenuate, clear, condone, debilitate, deprive of strength, tundae, taking by undue exercise of power, unlawful taking,
dilute, diminish, enervate, enfeeble, exculpate, excuse, ex- wrenching, wresting, wresting money by force, wringing,
onerate, forgive, justify, lessen, levare, lighten, make allow- wrongful exaction
ance for, make excuses for, make less serious, minuere, miti- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: kidnapping
gare, mitigate, moderate, palliate, pardon, qualify, reduce, FOREIGN PHRASES: Extortio est crimen quando quis colore
reduce in strength, soften, temper, thin, vindicate, weaken officii extorquet quod non est debitum, vel supra debi-
tum, vel ante tempus quod est debitum. Extortion is a
EXTENUATING CIRCUMSTANCES, noun alleviating cir- crime when anyone under color of office extorts that which
cumstances, consideration, exception, extenuation, miti- is not due, or more than is due, or before the time when it
gating circumstances, mitigation, palliation, palliative cir- is due.
cumstances, partial excuse, qualification, qualifying reasons,
softening circumstances EXTORTIONIST, noun blackmailer, compeller, corrupt
demander, demander, exacter, illegal exacter, illegal taker,
EXTERNAL, adjective cover, covering, exterior, extra- taker, unlawful obtainer, wrester
neous, extrinsic, facade, face, finish, foreign, outdoor, outer, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: coercion, kidnapping, larceny
outer side, outermost, outlying, outmost, outside, outward,
peripheral, shell, skin, surface EXTRA, adjective abundant, accessory, additional,
ample, bountiful, copious, de trop, dispensable, excess,
EXTINCT, adjective antiquated, away, bygone, by- excessive, extraneous, gratuitous, needless, nonessential,
passed, dated, dead, defunct, departed, disappeared, dis- plenteous, plentiful, redundant, supererogatory, superflu-
integrated, done, ended, expired, extinguished, faded, ous, supplemental, supplementary, surplus, uncalled-for,
fallen, finished, gone, knowing, lapsed, lost, missing, non- unnecessary
extant, obsolete, passé, terminated, vanished, void
EXTRACT, verb abridge, abstract, bring forth, choose,
EXTINGUISH, verb abolish, abort, annihilate, annul, assas- cite, collect, cull, deduce, derive, dig out, distill, draw,
sinate, blot out, bring to an end, butcher, cancel, choke, crush, draw forth, draw out, educe, elicit, epitomize, evellere, evis-
cut out, deaden, deal destruction, demolish, deracinate, de- cerate, evoke, excavate, excerpere, excerpt, extrahere,
stroy, devastate, dismantle, dispel, dispense with, do away gather, glean, make a selection, mine, obtain, pick, pick
with, drown out, efface, end, eradicate, erase, expunge, ex- out, pull, pull out, quarry, quote, remove, select, separate,
terminate, extinguere, extirpate, finish off, hold down, keep single out, summarize, take out, withdraw
down, kill, kill by suffocation, lay waste to, liquidate, murder,
nullify, obliterate, put an end to, put out, put to death, quash, EXTRADITION, noun apprehension and transfer, cap-
quell, quench, raze, reduce to nothing, repress, restinguere, ture and deportation, change of place, deportation, seizure
ruin, shatter, slaughter, slay, smother, squash, squelch, stifle, and transference, sending to another state for trial, surren-
strangle, subdue, suffocate, suppress, terminate, wipe out der of an individual, transfer to another authority, transfer-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: extinguish a debt, extinguish a legacy, ence, translocation, turning over to a foreign state
extinguish a right ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: habeas corpus, rendition
FOREIGN PHRASES: Resoluto jure concedentis resolvitur jus
concessum. When the right of the grantor is extinguished, EXTRANEOUS, adjective additional, alien, alienus,
the right granted is extinguished. Extincto subjecto, tolli- aside from the point, coming from without, derived from
tur adjunctum. When the substance is extinguished, the without, dispensable, extra, extraneus, extrinsic, extrinsical,
incident ceases. foreign, impertinent, inapplicable, inapposite, incidental,
inconsequent, inconsequential, irrelative, irrelevant, need-
EXTIRPATE, verb abolish, annihilate, annul, blast, blot out, less, noncompulsory, nonessential, nonpertinent, optional,
bring to ruin, cancel, consume, cut down, deal destruction, peripheral, pleonastic, redundant, strange, subsidiary, su-
demolish, deracinate, desolate, destroy, devastate, devour, perfluous, supervenient, supplementary, unaffiliated, unal-
dissolve, do away with, efface, eliminate, end, eradicare, lied, unassociated, uncalled for, unessential, unnecessary,
eradicate, erase, excidere, exstirpare, exterminate, extinguish, unneeded, unrelated
get rid of, gut, lay waste, level, liquidate, nullify, obliterate, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: extraneous evidence
overturn, pluck out, pull out, pull up by the roots, purge, put
an end to, quash, quell, ravage, raze, remove, render null, rid, EXTRAORDINARY, adjective above-average, amazing,
root out, rub out, sacrifice, shatter, smash, stamp out, tear out, beyond the ordinary, curious, different, especial, exceeding
tear to pieces, unmake, uproot, weed out, wipe out the usual, exceptional, extraordinarius, infrequent, inusitatus,
irregular, notable, noteworthy, novus, out of the ordinary, out
EXTORT, verb blackmail, coerce, compel, compel by in- of the regular order, outstanding, peculiar, phenomenal, rare,
timidation, compel by threat, constrain by force, draw out by remarkable, singular, special, supernormal, unaccustomed,
compulsion, draw out by force, elicit by threat, exact, exact uncommon, uncustomary, unequaled, unexampled, unfamil-
by force, exprimere, extorquere, force, gain by wrongful meth- iar, unheard of, unique, unordinary, unparalleled, unprece-
ods, gain wrongfully, obtain by compulsion, obtain in an un- dented, unusual, worthy of attention, worthy of regard
lawful manner, obtain unlawfully, victimize, wrest, wring ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: extraordinary care, extraordinary cir-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: kidnapping cumstances, extraordinary expenses, extraordinary grand
FOREIGN PHRASES: Accipere quid ut justitiam facias, non est jury, extraordinary peril, extraordinary prerogative writ,
tam accipere quam extorquere. The acceptance of anything extraordinary purpose, extraordinary remedy, extraordinary
as a reward for doing justice is extorting rather than accepting. risks, extraordinary services, extraordinary session

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FOREIGN PHRASES: Ubi cessat remedium ordinarium, ibi farthest end, farthest point, farthest reach, final point,
decurritur ad extraordinarium. Where an ordinary rem- fringe, frontier, limit, margin, outer edge, outside, pole, tail
edy fails, then resort must be made to an extraordinary one. end, terminal point, termination, terminus, tip, ultimate
Recurrendum est ad extraordinarium quando non valet point, utmost point, verge
ordinarium. Resort must be made to the extraordinary
when the ordinary does not succeed. Nunquam decurritur EXTRICATE, verb clear, cut loose, deliver, deobstruct,
ad extraordinarium sed ubi deficit ordinarium. Resort is detach, disburden, discharge, disembarrass, disembroil,
never made to the extraordinary until the ordinary fails. disencumber, disengage, disentangle, disenthrall, disjoin,
dislodge, disprison, enlarge, exonerate, expedire, free, let
EXTREME (Exaggerated), adjective aggrandized, ampli- loose, liberare, liberate, loosen, make free, ransom, re-
fied, beyond the limit, drastic, enlarged, exceeding, ex- deem, release, release from restraint, relieve, rescue, save,
ceeding the bounds of moderation, excessive, exorbitant, set at large, set at liberty, set free, tear loose, unbind, unfet-
fanatical, flagrant, going to the utmost lengths, going too ter, unhamper, unharness, unknot, unloose, unloosen, un-
far, gross, hyperbolic, immoderate, inordinate, intemper- ravel, unshackle, untie
ate, magnified, out of bounds, out of proportion, outra-
geous, overboard, overdone, overstated, overzealous, EXTRINSIC, adjective accessory, added, additional,
rabid, radical, undue, unreasonable, unwarranted, violent alien, apart, applied from without, collateral, contingent,
derived from without, exterior, external, extra, extraneous,
EXTREME (Last), adjective at the edge, at the utmost extrinsical, foreign, incidental, irrelevant, nonessential, out-
point, concluding, conclusive, definitive, determinative, side, peripheral, secondary, separate, strange, subordinate,
ending, endmost, extremus, farthest, farthest removed, subsidiary, supplemental, unessential
final, finishing, furthest, hindermost, hindmost, last, most ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: extrinsic agreements, extrinsic ambi-
distant, most remote, outermost, situated at the farthest guity, extrinsic circumstances, extrinsic evidence, extrinsic
limit, summus, terminal, terminative, ultimate, ultimus, facts, extrinsic fraud, extrinsic mistake
utmost, uttermost
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: extreme cases EXUDE, verb bleed, discharge, disembogue, drain,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Probatis extremis, praesumuntur drip, drop, effuse, eliminate, emit, escape, excrete, find
media. The extremes having been proved, those things outlet, find passage, find vent, flow out, give off, gush,
which lie between are presumed. issue, leak, manare, ooze, pass, release, run, secrete, seep,
spout, trickle, vent, weep
EXTREMITY (Death), noun cessation of being, cessation
of existence, cessation of life, close, completion, conclusion, EYEWITNESS, noun arbiter, attestant, attester, by-
demise, departure, discontinuance, discontinuation, disso- stander, compurgator, corroborator, giver of evidence,
lution, end, end of life, expiration, extinction, extinguish- identifier, informant, informer, looker-on, observer, one
ment, finish, passing, quietus, stoppage, termination who obtains evidence first hand, one who personally ob-
serves an occurrence, one who testifies to what he has
EXTREMITY (Furthest point), noun border, borderline, seen, onlooker, seer, spectator, spectator et testis, testifier,
boundary, brink, edge, end, extreme limit, extremitas, viewer, watcher

FABRICATE (Construct), verb assemble parts, bring into distort, fake, falsify, feign, fictionalize, forswear, invent, lie,
being, bring into existence, build, call into being, cast, misguide, misinform, mislead, misrepresent, misstate, palter,
cause to be, cause to exist, complete, compose, create, perjure oneself, pretend, prevaricate, sham, stretch the truth,
devise, erect, establish, execute, fabricari, fashion, form, tell a falsehood, tell a lie, trump up
generate, make, manufacture, mold, organize, piece to- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: fabricated evidence
gether, produce, put together, set up, shape, structure,
turn out FABRICATION, noun canard, deceit, dishonesty, distor-
tion, equivocation, exaggeration, fable, fairy tale, fake, fallacy,
FABRICATE (Make up), verb be untruthful, beguile, coun- falsehood, falsification, fiction, fraudulence, invention, libel,
terfeit, deceive, delude, devise falsely, dissemble, dissimulate, lie, make-believe, mendacity, misconception, misstatement,

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myth, narrative, nonsense, perjury, pose, pretense, prevarica- implement, instrument, machinery, manner, means, mecha-
tion, story, tale, untruth, yarn nism, medium, method, technique, tool, via, way

FACE (Image), noun appearance, aspect, being, delin- FACSIMILE, noun copy, duplicate, exact copy, mold,
eation, depiction, features, feel, guise, impression, likeness, molding, oneness, replica, reproduction, sameness,
look, mien, portrayal, replica semblance

FACE (Physical appearance), noun affectation, appear- FACT, noun absolute certainty, absolute reality, actual
ance, aspect, cast, countenance, cover, covering, de- occurrence, actual reality, actuality, authenticated incident,
meanor, expression, exterior, facade, features, guise, certainty, documented event, established matter, estab-
image, imitation, likeness, lineaments, looks, mask, mien, lished phenomenon, event, existent thing, experience,
mug, outside, presence, resemblance, skin, surface, veneer, factum, incontrovertible incident, indisputable event, pal-
visage pable episode, perceived happening, real episode, real
experience, reality, res, substantiated incident, tangible
FACE AMOUNT, noun exact amount, precise amount, proof, true incident, truth, verifiable happening
sum, sum shown, sum stated, total ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: conceded facts, established fact, facts
in issue, facts of a case, facts pleaded, facts presented, facts
FACE VALUE (First blush), noun appearance, emana- which constitute a cause of action, question of fact, stipu-
tion, manifestation, semblance, visual impact lated facts, uncontroverted facts, undisputed facts
FOREIGN PHRASES: Ubi factum nullum, ibi fortia nulla.
FACE VALUE (Price), noun price charged, quoted price, Where there is no principal in fact, there can be no accessory.
sum, total, worth Regula est, juris quidem ignorantiam cuique nocere,
facti vero ignorantiam non nocere. The rule is that a per-
FACILE, adjective accomplished, amenable, attainable, son’s ignorance of the law may prejudice him, but that his
compliable, compliant, conquerable, deft, dexterous, doc- ignorance of fact will not. Ex facto jus oritur. Law arises out
ile, easily done, easily influenced, easily persuaded, easy, of facts. Ad quaestionem facti non respondent judices; ad
easygoing, effortless, facilis, flexible, flowing, fluent, im- quaestionem juris non respondent juratores. Judges do
pressionable, malleable, manageable, moldable, perform- not answer to a question of fact; jurors do not answer to a
able, pliable, pliant, practiced, quick, readily mastered, question of law. Facta sunt potentiora verbis. Facts are
ready, simple, skilled, skillful, smooth, tractable, unde- more powerful than words.
manding, within reach, yielding
FACT FINDING, noun ascertainment of facts, authenti-
FACILITATE, verb accelerate, advance, aid, assist, as- cation of facts, certification of facts, conclusion based on
sist the progress, clear, clear the way, deobstruct, disbur- facts, confirmation of facts, decision based on facts, declara-
den, disencumber, disentangle, ease, enable, encourage, tion based on facts, decree based on facts, determination
expedire, expedite, forward, foster, free from difficulty, based on facts, draw a conclusion on the facts, evidence
free from hindrance, free from impediment, free from based on facts, finding on facts, form a resolution on facts,
obstruction, further, give clearance, hasten, help, lend a incontrovertible determination based on facts, investigation
hand, lessen the labor, lift a ban, lighten, make a path for, of the facts, resolution based on facts, substantiation of the
make easy, make possible, open the way for, pave the facts, tangible proof of the facts, verification based on facts
way, promote, push forward, quicken, render a task eas-
ier, render assistance, render less difficult, simplify, FACTION, noun cabal, camarilla, clique, conspiracy, con-
smooth, speed up tentious group, disaccord, disagreeing party, discord, dissen-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accomplice, aiding and abetting, fa- sion, dissent, division, factio, pars, partisan conflict, partisan-
cilitation ship, pressure group, side, splinter party, united body

FACILITATION, noun advancement, aid, assistance, FACTIOUS, adjective argumentative, at loggerheads, at

cleared the way, ease, encouragement, expedience, expe- odds, bellicose, cantankerous, combative, contentious, con-
dition, furtherance, help, involvement, lubrication, open the troversial, contumacious, disagreeing, discordant, disputa-
doors, play a positive role, promotion, quickening, sup- tious, dissenting, dissident, divergent, divided, divisive,
port hostile, implacable, inimical, insubordinate, irascible, mili-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: criminal facilitation, facilitation of a tant, mutinous, negative, polemic, pugnacious, quarrel-
crime, facilitation of a felony some, schismatic, turbulent, uncooperative, unilateral

FACILITY (Easiness), noun ability, adeptness, adroit- FACTITIOUS, adjective assumed, contrived, counter-
ness, capability, competence, deftness, dexterity, ease, feited, faked, false, feigned, fictitious, forged, imaginary, imag-
effortlessness, expertise, expertness, facilitas, flexibility, ined, imitative, pretended, simulated, simulative, unauthentic
fluency, freedom from difficulty, grace, gracefulness,
proficiency, quickness, readiness, ready ability, skill, FACTOR (Commission merchant), noun agent, broker,
smoothness commercial agent, delegate, deputy, envoy, interagent,
intermediary, manager, medium, middleman, one who
FACILITY (Institution), noun agency, bureau, conle- sells for factorage, proctor, procurator, representative
gium, establishment, foundation, institute, organization, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: consignee, factors’ lien
organized society, sodalitas
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: reinsurance facility FACTOR (Ingredient), noun additive, agent, aid, aspect,
cause, component, constituent, constitutive element, con-
FACILITY (Instrumentality), noun agency, apparatus, tent, contributing force, determinant, element, elementary
appliance, channel, consilium, contrivance, device, facultas, unit, feature, integral part, part, portion, segment, unit

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FACTUAL, adjective accurate, actual, ascertained, at- lack, loss of strength, noncompletion, nonfulfillment, nonob-
tested, authentic, authoritative, correct, definite, definitive, servance, nonperformance, omission, oversight, pretermis-
dependable, disinterested, errorless, exact, faithful, genu- sion, shortcoming, slip, want
ine, honest, incontestable, incontrovertible, infallible, irre- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: failure of consideration, failure of evi-
futable, literal, objective, official, precise, real, realistic, reli- dence, failure of heirs, failure of issue, failure of proof, failure
able, right, rigid, scrupulous, strict, true, trustworthy, of purpose, failure of title, failure of trust, failure to act, failure
unbiased, uncolored, undeniable, undeviating, undis- to bargain collectively, failure to comply, failure to file a re-
guised, undisputed, undistorted, unerring, unerroneous, turn, failure to give notice, failure to make delivery, failure to
unexaggerated, unfabricated, unimagined, unimpeachable, perform, failure to prosecute, law office failures, partial failure
unmistakable, unprejudiced, unquestionable, unrefuted,
unspurious, valid, veracious, veridical FAILURE (Lack of success), noun aborted attempt, beating,
botch, breakdown, collapse, debacle, defeat, disappointment,
FACULTY (Ability), noun ableness, adroitness, aptitude, downfall, drubbing, error, fall, fiasco, fruitless effort, frustration,
capability, capacity, cleverness, competence, competency, ineffectualness, labor in vain, loss, miscarriage, misfortune,
cunning, deftness, dexterity, enablement, endowment, mistake, ruin, unsuccessful attempt, vain attempt
equipment, expertise, expertness, fitness, flair, gift, handi-
ness, knack, know-how, potency, power, proficiency, qualifi- FAILURE TO COMPLY, noun contravention, default,
cation, readiness, skill, skillfulness, strength, talent, vis defiance, deficiency, deliquency, dereliction, disobedience,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: the faculty to comprehend disregard, evasion, ignoring, inexecution, infringement,
laxity, mutiny, neglect, neglect to obey, negligence, non-
FACULTY (Teaching staff), noun body of professors, feasance, nonfulfillment, nonobservance, omission, rebel-
instructional corps, instructional personnel, instructors, lion, recalcitrance, refusal to obey, resistance, revolt,
lecturers, literati, mentors, officers of instruction, profes- transgression, violation
sorate, professors, teachers, teaching body, teaching
personnel, tutors FAILURE TO UNDERSTAND, noun error, laboring under
a misapprehension, misapprehension, miscalculation,
FADE, verb abate, becoming, blanch, bleach, blench, misconception, misconstruance, miscount, misguidance,
cease, cloud, decay, decline, decrease, degenerate, deli- misinterpretation, misjudgment, misread, misreckon, mis-
quesce, deteriorate, die, die out, dim, diminish, disappear, take, misunderstanding
discolor, dissolve, drop off, ebb, etiolate, evaporate, fail, faint,
falloff, flag, flicker, grow dimmer, grow duller, languish, FAIR (Just), adjective aequus, affording no undue ad-
lessen, let up, lose brightness, lose luster, neutralize, obso- vantage, appropriate, balanced, deserved, detached, dis-
lesce, pale, perish, reduce, sag, shrivel, sink, slacken, subside, passionate, equal, equitable, evenhanded, fair-minded, fit-
taper off, tarnish, tone down, turn colorless, turn dull, vanish, ting, honest, honorable, impartial, merited, objective,
wane, wash out, waste away, weaken, wilt, wither scrupulous, sporting, sportsmanlike, square, suitable, unbi-
ased, uncolored, uncorrupted, uninfluenced, unprejudiced,
FAIL (Lose), verb be defeated, be demoted, be unsuccess- unswayed, upright
ful, become bankrupt, become insolvent, botch, bungle, ca- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: fair and impartial trial, fair hearing, fair
dere, collapse, come short, come to naught, come to noth- on its face, fair preponderance of evidence, fair representa-
ing, concidere, crash, decline, deficere, deteriorate, disappoint, tion, fair trade, fair trial, fair wages
dishonor, err, fall short, flunk, fold, go out of business, go
under, lose, miscarry, miss the mark, not succeed, prove in- FAIR (Satisfactory), adjective acceptable, adequate,
adequate, prove unsatisfactory, prove useless, succumb bearable, decent, good enough, mediocre, medium, mid-
dling, moderate, moderately good, passable, reasonable,
FAIL (Neglect), verb abandon, avoid, break one’s prom- reasonably good, respectable, secundus, sufficient, suitable,
ise, break one’s word, desert, evade, forsake, ignore, leave, tolerable, unexceptional, unobjectionable
let one down, mismanage, miss, miss an opportunity, omit, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: fair aggregate value, fair and equitable
prove unreliable, shirk value, fair and reasonable compensation, fair and reason-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: fail to act, fail to appear, fail to comply able market value, fair and reasonable value, fair cash
value, fair consideration, fair equivalent, fair market value,
FAILING, noun asthenia, atony, blemish, cachexia, col- fair preponderance, fair return on investment, fair use, fair
lapse, debilitation, decadence, decay, decline, decrepitude, valuation, fair value
defeat, deficiency, delinquency, disadvantage, failure, fallibil-
ity, fault, fiasco, flaw, foible, frailty, imperfection, inadequacy, FAIR TRADE AGREEMENT, noun trade agreement on
infirmity, insufficiency, misconduct, perfunctoriness, nonfulfill- set prices, trade alliance on set prices, trade binding promise
ment, shortcoming, unworthiness, vice, weakness, weak point on set prices, trade commitment on set price, trade compact
on set prices, trade concordat on set prices, trade deal on set
FAILURE (Bankruptcy), noun commercial failure, de- prices, trade obligation on set prices, trade pact on set prices,
fault, discontinuance of business, economic downfall, failure trade pledge on set prices, trade understanding on set prices
to maintain solvency, financial disaster, financial loss, finan-
cial ruin, inability to maintain solvency, inability to meet fi- FAIR USE, noun exception to copyright holders’ exclu-
nancial obligations, insolvency, insufficiency of funds, lack of sivity, exclusion to permissions, fairness abridgement, limi-
funds, suspension of business tation of an author’s exclusive right over creative work,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: failure to meet one’s obligations, permissions not required for incorporation, use without in-
insolvency fringement

FAILURE (Falling short), noun defectio, defectiveness, FAIRLY (Clearly), adverb absolutely, aperte, certainly,
deficiency, delinquency, dereliction, inability, insufficiency, clare, completely, conspicuously, decidedly, decisively,

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 FAIRLY

definitely, discernibly, distincte, distinctively, distinctly, patriotic, reliable, resolute, sincere, single-hearted, staunch,
distinguishably, doubtlessly, evidently, explicitly, fully, in- steadfast, true, trustworthy, unfailing, unwavering, zealous
dubitably, intelligibly, irrefragably, irrefutably, legibly, lu-
cidly, manifestly, markedly, noticeably, obviously, openly, FAITHFUL (True to fact), adjective accurate, adhering to
palpably, perceptibly, plainly, pointedly, positively, promi- an original, close, conformable, correct, corresponding,
nently, recognizably, surely, tangibly, unambiguously, un- equivalent, exact, faultless, genuine, honest, like, literal,
confusedly, undeniably, understandably, undoubtedly, un- perfect, precise, real, realistic, strict, true
equivocally, unmistakably, unquestionably, visibly, vividly,
with assurance, with certainty, with confidence FAITHFULLY, adverb absolutely, accurately, acquies-
cently, closely, compliantly, conscientiously, consistently,
FAIRLY (Impartially), adverb aeque, benevolently, disin- constantly, devotedly, diligently, duteously, dutifully, ear-
terestedly, dispassionately, equably, equally, equitably, even- nestly, exactly, expressly, fideliter, firmly, honestly, honor-
handedly, evenly, free from prejudice, honestly, honorably, ably, in every respect, in good faith, incorruptibly, literally,
impersonally, in a fair manner, iuste, justly, lawfully, legally, loyally, meticulously, obediently, observantly, precisely, punc-
morally, properly, righteously, rightfully, rightly, scrupulously, tiliously, reliably, religiously, resolutely, responsibly, rigidly,
tolerantly, unbiasedly, with justice, without bias, without dis- scrupulously, sincerely, stanchly, steadfastly, steadily,
tinction, without favor, without prejudice strictly, submissively, to the letter, truly, trustingly, trustwor-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: adjudicate a case fairly thily, truthfully, undeviatingly, unerringly, unswervingly,
uprightly, veraciously, verbatim, virtuously, with allegiance,
FAIRLY (Moderately), adverb acceptably, adequately, with constancy, with fealty, with fidelity, with good faith,
decently, mediocriter, mildly, modestly, not badly, passably, word for word
presentably, pretty well, rather well, satisfactorily, somewhat, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: faithfully discharge the duties of office,
to a degree, to a limited extent, to some extent, tolerably, up faithfully perform, perform duties faithfully, serve faithfully
to standard, well enough, within bounds, within reason
FAITHFULNESS, noun adherence, allegiance, attachment,
FAIRNESS, noun aequitas, appropriateness, balance, de- commitment, conformity, constancy, credibility, deference,
tachment, disinterestedness, dispassionateness, equality, devotion, discipline, fidelity, firmness, homage, integrity,
equitable treatment, equitableness, equity, evenhanded jus- loyalty, meticulousness, rectitude, responsibility, trustworthi-
tice, evenhandedness, fair-mindedness, fair play, fair treat- ness, veracity
ment, honesty, impartiality, integrity, iustitia, just dealing,
justice, justness, lack of corruption, lack of prejudice, objec- FAITHLESS, adjective apostatizing, changeable, cor-
tivity, open-mindedness, probity, reasonableness, recti- rupt, corruptible, deceitful, derelict, disaffected, dishonest,
tude, right, rightfulness, rightness, scrupulousness, unbi- dishonorable, disloyal, double-dealing, false, falsehearted,
asedness, uprightness fickle, fluctuating, hypocritical, inconstant, indifferent, infi-
delis, insincere, mutable, perfidiosus, perfidious, perfidus,
FAIT ACCOMPLI, noun accomplished fact, accomplish- recreant, shifting, traitorous, treacherous, treasonable, trea-
ment, achievement, actuality, actualization, attainment, sonous, trothless, two-faced, undependable, unfaithful, un-
carrying through, certainty, completeness, completion, con- loyal, unpatriotic, unreliable, unscrupulous, unstable, un-
summation, deed done, effectuation, execution, fact, finished steadfast, untrue, untrustworthy, vacillating, variable,
product, fruition, fulfillment, implementation, matter of fact, wavering
reality, realization, undeniable fact, work done ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: divorce

FAITH, noun acceptance, allegiance, assurance, assured FAKE, noun charlatan, copy, counterfeit copy, emulation,
expectation, belief, certainty, certitude, confidence, con- fabrication, facsimile, false representation, falsehood, falsifica-
stancy, conviction, credence, deep-rooted belief, depen- tion, feigned copy, forged duplicate, forgery, fraud, fraudu-
dence, fidelity, fides, firm belief, freedom from doubt, hope, lent replica, hoax, imitation, imposter, pretender, quack,
implicit belief, implicit confidence, loyalty, opinio, optimism, replica, reproduction, ruse, simulation, unauthorized repro-
persuasio, reliance, sanguine expectation, sanguineness, duction
staunch belief, staunch loyalty, steadfast belief, steadfastness, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: counterfeit, forgery
sureness, surety, troth, trust, unquestioning acceptance, un-
shakable trust FAKE, verb act, act falsely, adulterate, affect, alter with
FOREIGN PHRASES: Fides servanda est. Faith must be ob- intent to deceive, be deceitful, beguile, belie, bluff, cheat,
served. Judiciis posterioribus fides est adhibenda. claim falsely, counterfeit, cover up, cozen, deceive, decoy,
Credit should be given to the more recent decisions. defraud, delude, disguise, dissemble, dissimulate, distort,
Ligeantia est quasi legis essentia; est vinculum fidei. dupe, fabricate, falsify, feign, foist off, forge, go through the
Allegiance is the essence of law; it is the bond of faith. motions, hoax, hoodwink, imitate, lie, make a show of, make
believe, malinger, mislead, misrepresent, pass off, plagiarize,
FAITHFUL (Diligent), adjective assiduous, attentive, portray falsely, pose as, prepare something specious, pre-
careful, conscientious, constant, dogged, exacting, fidelis, tend, put on an act, put up a front, render spurious, sham,
fidus, indefatigable, industrious, laborious, meticulous, simulate, swindle, trick
mindful, painstaking, particular, persevering, persistent, perti- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: false pretenses
nacious, relentless, sedulous, thorough, tireless, unflagging,
unrelenting, unremitting, untiring, unwavering FALL (Decline), noun abatement, bottom, burnout,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: faithful discharge of duty, faithful per- decadence, declension, decrease, decrement, defeat, de-
formance bond, faithful service generacy, degeneration, depletion, depression, descent,
deterioration, devolution, dive, downfall, downgrade,
FAITHFUL (Loyal), adjective constant, dependable, de- downturn, drop, ebb, eclipse, loss, plummet, plunge, re-
voted, devout, duteous, dutiful, firm, incorruptible, obedient, duction, reversal, ruin, setback, sunset, undoing

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FALL (Decline), noun accident, calamity, casualty, disas- designed to deceive, factitious, fake, feigned, fictus,
ter, incident, liability, misadventure, misfortune, mishap, forged, fraudulent, given to deceit, imitation, intentionally
slip, stumble untrue, make believe, misrepresentative, mock, pretend,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: negligence, trip and fall pseudo, sham, simulated, spurious, subditus, substitute,
synthetic, unreal
FALLACIOUS, adjective abounding in error, beguiling, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: false checks, false claim, false pre-
contrary to fact, deceitful, deceiving, deceptive, delusive, tenses, false representation, false statement, false swearing,
delusory, devoid of truth, distorted, erroneous, fallax, false witness
false, faultful, faulty, faulty in logic, fraudulent, groundless,
guileful, illusive, illusory, in error, inaccurate, incorrect, in- FALSE ALARM, noun deception, fabrication, fake,
valid, miscalculated, misconstructed, misfigured, mislead- false alert, false arrest, false danger signal, false notice,
ing, misrepresentative, mistaken, paralogistic, sophistical, false notification, false signal, false warning, fraud, misrep-
truthless, unfounded, ungrounded, unsound, untrue, resentation, sham
vanus, wrong
FALSE ARREST, noun bogus arrest, illegal detainment, il-
FALLACIOUSNESS, noun aberrancy, aberration, bad faith, legal placement in confinement, improper arrest, improper
casuistry, deceit, deception, deceptiveness, defectiveness, captivity, improper commitment to prison, improper confine-
delusion, deviation, distortion, equivocation, erroneousness, ment, improper constraint, improper deprivation of liberty,
fallacy, falseness, faultiness, faulty reasoning, fraudulence, il- improper imprisonment improper incarceration, improper
logic, illogicalness, illusion, inaccuracy, misapplication, self- legal restraint, improper placement into protective custody,
contradiction, sophism, sophistry, speciousness improper restraint, improper seizure, wrong capture, wrong-
ful placement into custody
FALLACY, noun captio, deception, deceptive belief,
delusion, deviation from truth, distortion, erroneous rea- FALSE PRETENSE, noun act, affectation, affectedness,
soning, erroneousness, error, fallacious argument, false artifice, artificiality, assumed basis, bogus purpose, bogus
appearance, falseness, falsity, faultiness, faulty reasoning, reason, chicane, chicanery, circumvention, circumvention of
flaw in reasoning, illusion, inaccuracy, misapprehension, truth, cozenage, deceit, deceitful purpose, deceitfulness,
misbelief, miscalculation, misconception, misconstruction, deceptive reason, deceptive representation of fact, delusion,
misinterpretation, misjudgment, misleading notion, mis- designed misrepresentation, device, disguise, dishonesty,
take, mistaken idea, paralogism, sophism, sophistry, un- dissemblance, dissimulation, dupery, duplicity, evasion of
sound argument, vitium, worthless argument truth, fabrication, facade, factitious reasons, fake, fake rea-
sons, fakery, false representation of fact, falsehood, falseness,
FALLIBLE, adjective deficient, errable, errant, erring, falsification, falsity, falsus, feigned basis, feint, fictus,
errori obnoxius, faulty, flawed, imperfect, liable to be erro- forgery, fraud, fraudulence, fraudulency, guise, hoax, im-
neous, liable to mistake, not perfect, prone to error, prone petus, imposture, improper, improper basis, improper
to inaccuracy, uncertain, undependable, unpredictable, intent, improper intention, improper motivation, improper
unreliable, unstable, unsure, untrustworthy, weak motive, improper pretensions, intentional untruths, inven-
tion, lie, mask, masquerade, mendacity, misinformation,
FALLOUT, noun a bleak outcome, a deleterious outcome, misrepresentation, misstatement, perfidy, perversion of
a deleterious outgrowth, a malignant scenario, an extremely truth, pettifoggery, pretense, pretext, prevarication, ruse,
unfortunate sequence of events, deleterious aftermath, dele- sham, simulated basis, simulation, simulatus, sleight, spuri-
terious developments, deleterious effects, deleterious results, ous reasons, spuriousness, stratagem, subterfuge, suppres-
grave consequences, important and significant effects sion of truth, surreptitiousness, swindle, treacherousness,
treachery, trick, trumped-up basis, trumped-up reasons, un-
FALSE (Disloyal), adjective apostatizing, corrupt, de- derhandedness, unnaturalness, untruth, untruthfulness, un-
ceitful, disaffected, dishonest, dishonorable, double-dealing, veracity, wile, wrong foundation, wrong incentive
double-tongued, faithless, false hearted, fickle, hypocritical, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: cheating by false pretenses, false
inconstant, insincere, knavish, perfidious, perfidus, recreant, representation, larceny, obtaining property by false pre-
roguish, tergiversating, traitorous, treacherous, treasonable, tenses, under false pretenses
treasonous, trothless, two-faced, undependable, under-
handed, unfaithful, unprincipled, unreliable, unscrupulous, FALSE STATEMENT, noun delusion, distortion, error,
unsteadfast, untrue, untrustworthy fabrication, fallacy, falsehood, falsity, fiction, half-truth, hal-
lucination, illusion, inaccuracy, lie, misbelief, miscompre-
FALSE (Inaccurate), adjective abounding in error, con- hension, misconception, misinterpretation, misrepresenta-
cocted, contrary to fact, deceiving, deceptive, delusive, de- tion, mistruth, myth, perjury, pretense, sophism, story, tale,
void of truth, distorted, erroneous, fallacious, faulty, fictitious, untruth
groundless, improper, in error, incorrect, invalid, menda- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: perjury
cious, misleading, mistaken, truthless, unfounded, un-
grounded, unreliable, unsound, untrue, unveracious, wrong FALSEHOOD, noun canard, commentum, deception,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: altered, false advertising, false and dissimulation, distortion, distortion of truth, equivocation,
malicious, false and misleading, false arrest, false check, false evasion, fabrication, false assertion, false statement, falsifica-
entry, false imprisonment, false information, false instrument, tion, falsity, falsum, fiction, flam, fraud, fraudulence, inaccu-
false oath, false personation, false pretense, false reports, racy, intentional misstatement, invention, inveracity, lie,
false representation, false statement, false swearing, false mendacium, misrepresentation, misstatement, nonconfor-
testimony, false writing, knowingly false, materially false mity to fact, perversion of truth, pretense, pretext, prevarica-
tion, story, tale, untrue declaration, untruth
FALSE (Not genuine), adjective artificial, assumed, beguil- FOREIGN PHRASES: Lex punit mendacium. The law punishes
ing, bogus, copied, counterfeit, deceitful, deceptive, delusory, mendacity.

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FALSIFICATION, noun beguilement, corrumpere, coun- origin, parentage, people, same line of descent, same strain,
terfeit, deceit, deceitfulness, deception, disguise, dissimula- sept, stirps, stock, strain, tribe
tion, distortion, dupery, duplicity, exaggeration, fabrication,
fake, fibbing, flimflam, forgery, forswearing, fraud, hoax, im- FAMILY (Household), noun brood, domestic circle, do-
posture, indirection, insincerity, interpolare, invention, lying, mestic establishment, familia, family unit, home circle, issue,
mendacity, misconstruction, misquotation, misrepresenta- offspring, progeny
tion, misstatement, mockery, perjury, phoniness, pretense, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: adoption, curtesy, dependent, domestic
prevarication, trickery, trumpery, untruthfulness, vitiare relation, dower, family court, family law, family purpose doc-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: falsification of evidence, falsification of trine, head of household, heirs, next of kin, surviving spouse
records, falsification of testimony, perjury
FAMOUS, adjective acclaimed, applauded, celeber, cele-
FALSIFY, noun deceive, disguise, distort, dupe, duplicity, brated, celebrated in public, conspicuous, distinguished, ele-
fabricate, fake, forge, fraudulent, invent, lie, misrepresent, vated, eminent, esteemed, exalted, fabled, famed, foremost,
misstate, prevaricate glorified, glorious, held in high esteem, highly reputed, hold-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: falsify a record, falsify reports, falsify ing public interest, honored, illustrious, important, in the
tax returns limelight, in the public eye, in the spotlight, inlustris, known,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Falsus in uno, falsus in omnibus. False in leading, legendary, memorable, notable, noted, noteworthy,
one thing, false in everything. notorious, outstanding, popular, preeminent, prominent,
public, recognized, remarkable, renowned, sung, talked of,
FALSIFY, verb adulterate, alter, alter fraudulently, belie, universally recognized, well-known
camouflage, color, corrumpere, dissemble, distort, doctor, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: libel, public figure, right to privacy,
embellish, embroider, exaggerate, fabricate, fake, feign, slander
garble, interpolare, lie, make false statements, miscite, mis-
color, misquote, misreport, misrepresent, misstate, pervert, FANATICAL, adjective ardent, burning, devoted, dog-
represent falsely, stretch, tamper with, tell a falsehood, matic, enthusiastic, excessive, extreme, fanatic, fanaticus,
twist, violate the truth, vitiare fervent, immoderate, impassioned, inordinate, obsessed,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: falsify records obsessive, overemotional, overenthusiastic, overzealous,
passionate, phrenetic, phrenetical, possessed, rabid, radical,
FAME, noun acclaim, accolade, acknowledgment, ca- resolute, ultrareligious, unreasonable, unreasonably resolute,
chet, celebrity, character, distinction, eminence, esteem, unyielding, zealous
glory, greatness, honor, illustriousness, mark, name, note,
notoriety, place, popularity, position, preeminence, pres- FANTASTIC, adjective beyond anything ever experi-
tige, prominence, rank, recognition, renown, reputability, enced, celebrated, clever, colossal, compelling, digni-
reputation, repute, respect, standing, stardom, stature, fied, distinguished, elevated, eminent, enormous, es-
status, superstardom, visibility teemed, exalted, excellent, expert, extensive,
extraordinary, far-reaching, first-rate, glorious, grand,
FAMILIAR (Customary), adjective accepted, accus- huge, immense, important, in another dimension, incon-
tomed, acknowledged, clichéd, common, commonplace, ceivable, incredible, inexplicable, leading, lofty, major,
consuetudinary, conventional, current, established, everyday, massive, mastered, mighty, momentous, monstrous,
familiaris, frequent, general, generally seen, habitual, hack- noted, outrageous, outstanding, paramount, perfect,
neyed, homely, household, humble, inveterate, natural, nor- potent, powerful, preeminent, remarkable, renowned,
mal, notus, ordinary, popular, prevailing, prevalent, recog- skillful, splendid, strong, substantial, superior, supreme,
nized, regular, regulation, routine, standard, stereotyped, unequaled, unparalleled
stock, time-honored, traditional, typical, understood, unex-
ceptional, universal, universally recognized, unoriginal, usual, FAR, adjective back, beyond the eye, beyond the hori-
well-known, well-trodden, widespread, wonted zon, distant, far away, far back, far off, further, in the dis-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: custom and usage tance, inaccessible, miles away, out of reach, out of sight,
out of the way, outlying, remote, removed, too distant, too
FAMILIAR (Informed), adjective accomplished, ac- far, too far away, too far removed, unapproachable
quainted, advised, apprised, aware of, briefed, capable, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: far apart for purposes of settlement
certified, closely acquainted, cognitive, cognizant, com-
petent, conscious, conversant, counseled, deft, dexterous, FAR-FETCHED, adjective concocted, doubtable, doubt-
educated, enlightened, erudite, experienced, expert, fit, ful, implausible, impossible, improbable, inconceivable, in-
fitted, gnarus, instructed, intimate, knowing, knowledge- credible, long odds against being correct, not probably
able, learned, lettered, literate, mindful, on intimate correct, only remotely possible, poor prospect of truth,
terms, peritus, practiced, prepared, privy to, proficient, questionable, remote, small chance, unbelievable, unimagi-
qualified, schooled, sciens, sensible, skilled, skillful, nable, unlikely
trained, tutored, used to, versed, well-acquainted, well-
educated, well-versed FAR-REACHING, adjective boundless, comprehensive,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: familiar with the facts sufficient to considerable, endless, enormous, epidemic, extended, ex-
sign an affidavit tensive, far-flung, far-ranging, great, having a significant
impact, huge, immeasurable, immense, infinite, large scale,
FAMILY (Common ancestry), noun ancestry, anteced- limitless, of great extent, of great scope, prodigious, spread
ents, birth, blood connection, clan, common extraction, out, substantial, sweeping, tremendous, uncircumscribed,
common forebears, common lineage, common parentage, unending, unlimited, vast, wide, widespread
consanguinity, descent, dynasty, ethnic group, ethnicity,
extraction, filiation, folk, genealogy, house, kin, kindred, kin- FARCE, noun absurdity, burlesque, comedy, dry humor,
ship, kinsmen, line, line of ancestors, line of descent, lineage, dry wit, humor, imitation, jest, joke, lampoon, mockery,

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nimble wit, nonsense, parody, pleasantry, pretense, quick FATALITY, noun accidental death, calamity, casualty,
wit, satire, slapstick, spoof, wit casus, cataclysm, catastrophe, deadliness, deadly acci-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: judgment a farce, travesty of justice, dent, death, death by accident, destruction, disaster, down-
verdict a farce fall, fatal accident, fatal casualty, fatal mishap, lethality, lia-
bility to disaster, malignance, malignancy, malignity,
FARE, noun carfare, charge, charge for carriage of pas- mischance, misfortune, mortality, perniciousness, ruin,
sengers, charge for conveyance of a person, cost of com- subjection to fate, sudden death, tragedy, violent death,
mutation, cost of conveyance, cost of transportation, ex- virulence, virulency
pense, expense of transportation, fee, hire, money paid for
passage, naulum, passage, passage money, payment for the FATE (Destiny), noun certainty, destination, destined
right of carriage, portage fee, price, price of a ticket, price of lot, fate-to-be-predetermined events, fortune, future, future
passage, sum paid for carrying a passenger, tariff, ticket, toll, course of events, future state, inevitability, inevitableness,
transportation charge, transportation fee, vectura lot, luck, outcome, power to predetermine events, predes-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: rates, fares, and charges of carrier tination, predetermination, sureness, ultimate future, what
is destined to happen, what is doomed to occur, what is
FASCINATE, verb allure, appeal to, attract, beguile, be- fated to occur, what is written, what looms
witch, captivate, capture, charm, coax, compel, delight, en- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: fortuitous event, insurance, the defen-
amor, enchant, engage, engross, enrapture, enthrall, excite, dant’s fate is with the jury
grab, grip, hold attraction for, hold interest, hold spellbound, FOREIGN PHRASES: Fatum. Fate.
hypnotize, infatuate, influence, interest, intoxicate, intrigue,
invite, kindle, mesmerize, overpower, overwhelm, pique, FATE (Termination), noun apocalypse, bad luck, bane,
please, provoke, seize, stimulate, stir, transfix, win over bitter end, catastrophe, collapse, conclusion, curtain, cut-
off, death, death knell, death warrant, deathblow, debacle,
FASCINATION, noun allure, animal magnetism, appeal, destruction, disaster, doom, downfall, end, end of the
attractiveness, captivation, charisma, compulsion, enchant- world, final blow, final event, final curtain, final result, fi-
ment, fascination, force field, glamour, magic, magnetism, nale, finis, finish, ill luck, last act, misfortune, payoff, qui-
obsession, preoccupation, seductiveness etus, ruin, ruination, terminus, tough luck, undoing,
windup
FASHION, noun buzz, caprice, chic, craze, crush,
dernier cri, enthusiasm, fancy, fashion, fervor, flavor, furor, FATED, adjective certain, destined, determined,
fuss, go, hot ticket, infatuation, last word, latest, mode, doomed, foredoomed, in the cards, inescapable, inevitable,
new wave, novelty, passion, rage, sensation, style, trend, ordained, predestinated, predestined, predetermined, pre-
uproar, vogue ordained, sure, unavoidable, written

FAST, adjective accelerated, active, agile, alactricious, FATUOUS, adjective absurd, absurdly foolish, addled,
at once, blistering, blue streak, breakneck, breathless, brisk, asinine, brainless, deficient in reason, destitute of reason,
expeditious, expeditiously, fleet, flying, galloping, haste, dumb, fatuitous, fatuus, foolish, idiotic, ill-advised, illogi-
hastened, high-speed, hurried, on the double, posthaste, cal, imbecilic, inane, incapable of managing one’s own af-
prompt, pronto, quick, racing, rapid, rushed, snappy, fairs, inept, ineptus, irrational, ludicrous, moronic, nonsen-
speedily, speedy, straightaway, supersonic, swift, swiftly, sical, obtuse, ridiculous, scatterbrained, senseless, shallow,
velocious, vigorous, whirlwind silly, simple, stupid, thoughtless, unintelligent, unreason-
ing, unthinking, unwise, vacuous, witless
FASTIDIOUS, adjective choosy, conscientious, dainty, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: fatuous claim
delicate, demanding, discerning, discriminating, exacting,
finical, finicky, fussy, meticulous, nice, overdemanding, FAULT (Mistake), noun aberration, blunder, bungling,
painstaking, particular, pernickety, persnickety, picky, prim, erratum, error, error of judgment, failing, false step, flaw,
prissy, selective impropriety, inaccuracy, miscalculation, misjudgment, mis-
step, misunderstanding, omission, oversight, slip
FAT CAT, noun affluent contributor, contributor with FOREIGN PHRASES : Imperitia culpae adnumeratur.
deep pockets, moneyed contributor, rich backer, rich con- Unskillfulness is considered as negligence. Quod quis ex
tributor, wealthy campaign contributor, wealthy contributor, culpa sua damnum sentit non intelligitur damnum sen-
wealthy donor, wealthy supporter tire. He who suffers a damage by his own fault is not con-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS : campaign finance laws, election sidered to have suffered damage. Culpa tenet suos aucto-
laws, limits on campaign contributions, publicly funded res. A fault binds its own authors. Magna negligentia
campaigns culpa est; magna culpa dolus est. Gross negligence is
fault; gross fault is equivalent to a fraud.
FATAL, adjective annihilative, calamitous, catastrophic,
causing death, causing destruction, consumptive, deadly, FAULT (Responsibility), noun accountability, answer-
death-dealing, deathly, deleterious, demolishing, de- ability, blame, cause for blame, culpa, culpability, delictum,
stroying, destructive, devastating, dire, disastrous, eradica- delinquency, dereliction, liability, malefaction, misbehavior,
tive, exitialis, exterminative, extirpative, fateful, fell, feral, misconduct, misdeed, misfeasance, negligence, peccatum,
funestus, harmful, hurtful, injurious, involving death, involv- transgression
ing ruin, killing, lethal, lethiferous, malignant, mortiferous, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: comparative fault, contributory fault,
murderous, noisome, noxious, perniciosus, pernicious, poi- contributory negligence, gross fault, with all faults, without
sonous, ruining, ruinous, slaughterous, toxic, tragic, venom- fault
ous, virulent, wasting FOREIGN PHRASES: Culpa est immiscere se rel ad se non per-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: fatal consequences, fatal defect, fatal tinenti. A person is at fault who intermeddles in matters not
errors, fatal injury, fatal to a cause of action, fatal variance concerning him. Ejus nulla culpa est, cui parere necesse sit.

263
 FAULT

No guilt attaches to a person who is compelled to obey. In toward, be partial to, be prejudiced, befriend, benefit, bolster,
pari delicto potior est conditio possidentis, defenden- boost, champion, countenance, deal with gently, ease, en-
tis. Where the parties are equally guilty of wrongdoing, the courage, endorse, facilitate, fancy, favere, further, grant favors
defendant holds the stronger position. to, gratify, help, make easier, prefer, promote, regard with
favor, regard with kindness, sanction, show consideration for,
FAULT (Weakness), noun debility, defect, deficiency, show favor to, show unfair bias, studere, succor, suffragari,
delicacy, devitalization, drawback, emasculation, failing, support, treat differently, treat with partiality
feebleness, flaw, foible, frailty, impairment, imperfection, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: favored beneficiary
impotence, impuissance, inadequacy, incapacity, infirmity,
instability, insufficiency, lack of strength, loss of strength, FAVORABLE (Advantageous), adjective advisable, ap-
powerlessness, shortcoming, vitiation, vulnerable point, propriate, auspicious, becoming, befitting, beneficial,
weak point commodus, conducive, convenient, desirable, encourag-
ing, expedient, felicitous, fit, fitting, fortunate, full of
FAULT, verb accusare, accuse, admonish, animadvert, promise, good, helpful, opportune, politic, profitable,
attack, berate, blame, bring into discredit, cast a slur upon, promising, propitious, prosperus, providential, salutary,
cast blame upon, castigate, censure, charge, chastise, chide, seasonable, suitable, timely, useful, wise
condemn, criticize, culpare, declaim against, decry, deni- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: favorable decision
grate, denounce, deprecate, depreciate, disapprove, dis-
commend, discountenance, disparage, dispraise, dress FAVORABLE (Expressing approval), adjective acclama-
down, hold to blame, impeach, impugn, impute, remon- tory, acquiescent, admiring, agreeable, approbative, ap-
strate, reprehend, reprimand, reprove, scold, take to task, proving, assenting, benign, commending, compliant, coop-
upbraid erative, encomiastic, encouraging, eulogistic, eulogistical,
favorably prejudiced, favoring, generous, gracious, helpful,
FAULTLESS (Infallible), adjective above suspicion, abso- kind, laudatory, obliging, panegyrical, praising, reassuring,
lute, accurate, best, chaste, correct, finished, flawless, ideal, recommendatory, responsive, uncritical, willing
immaculate, impeccable, incorruptible, indefectible, intact,
irreproachable, letter-perfect, literal, irreprehensible, perfect, FAVORABLE DECISION, noun advisable outcome, an
precise, pure, sinless, stainless, unadulterated, unblemished, outcome which followed precedence, appropriate determi-
uncontaminated, unimpeachable, untainted, virtuous, whole, nation, auspicious determination, becoming outcome, befit-
without reproach ting outcome, beneficial outcome, correct decree, desir-
able outcome, fair result, fit determination, fitting outcome,
FAULTLESS (Not guilty), adjective blameless, free from fortunate result, good result, impartial determination, judi-
guilt, free from moral wrong, guiltless, inculpable, innocent, cious determination, just resolution, just result, just verdict,
lawful, legitimate, pardonable, sinless, unblamable, unof- opportune determination, propitious result, providential re-
fending, upright, virtuous, without harm, without offense sult, reasonable outcome, right choice, salutary solution,
Solomon-like determination, suitable result, the correct deci-
FAULTY, adjective aberrant, amiss, awry, below par, sion, the right decision, the right pronouncement, victory,
blemished, damaged, defective, deficient, distorted, errant, win, wise resolution
erroneous, fallacious, false, flawed, found wanting, full of FOREIGN PHRASES: Favorabilia in lege sunt fiscus, dos, vita,
faults, impaired, imperfect, imprecise, improper, inaccurate, libertas. Things favorable considered within the law are
inadequate, incorrect, inferior, injured, invalid, lacking, less the treasury, dower, life, and liberty.
than perfect, malformed, mendosus, mistaken, not ideal,
out of order, solecistic, solecistical, unfit, unprecise, unsatis- FAVORABLE POSITION, noun advantage, edge, favorable
factory, unsound, vitiosus, wanting, warped, wrong opportunity, handicap, head start, high road, inside track,
point of vantage, strategic advantage, superior situation,
FAVOR (Act of kindness), noun accommodation, act of upper hand, winning position
generosity, act of grace, benefaction, beneficium, benefit, FOREIGN PHRASES: Favorabilia in lege sunt, fiscus, dos,
benevolence, benignity, boon, bounty, charity, courtesy, vita, libertas. Things which are favorably considered in
friendly turn, good deed, good service, good turn, grace, law are the treasury, dower, life, and liberty. Favorabiliores
indulgence, kind act, philanthropy rei, potius quam actores, habentur. The condition of the
defendant shall be favored, rather than that of the plaintiff.
FAVOR (Partiality), noun approval, attachment, attrac-
tion, bent, bias, disposition, favoritism, fondness, inclina- FAVORITE, adjective admired, adored, appreciated,
tion, kind regard, leaning, liking, partisanship, penchant, beloved, best, cherished, choice, chosen, dear, desirable,
predilection, preference, preferential treatment, prejudice, elect, esteemed, fashionable, favored, handpicked, impor-
proclivity, proneness, propensity tant, legendary, loved, notable, outstanding, pet, precious,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: challenge to the favor, favored legis- preferable, preferred, prized, prominent, relished, remark-
lation, favored treatment able, revered, select, selected, significant, special, treasured

FAVOR (Sanction), noun abetment, advancement, ad- FAVORITISM, noun attachment, bias, discrimination,
vocacy, aegis, aid, approbation, approval, assistance, aus- fondness, inequality, inequity, leaning, one-sidedness, par-
pices, backing, benefaction, championship, cooperation, tialism, partiality, partisanship, penchant, preference, preju-
countenance, encouragement, endorsement, espousal, fos- dice, proclivity, proneness, slant
terage, furtherance, good opinion, help, leave, patronage,
permission, sponsorship, subscription, support FEALTY, noun allegiance, compliance, constancy, defer-
ence, devotion, duteousness, duty, faith, faithfulness, fidel-
FAVOR, verb advance, advocate, afford advantages, aid, ity, homage, humble service, loyalty, obedience, respect,
approve, assist, back, be biased, be favorable to, be indulgent reverence, servility, steadfastness, support, veneration

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FEAR, noun affright, alarm, anxiety, apprehension, ap- FEATURE (Special attraction), noun featured attrac-
prehension of danger, apprehension of harm, apprehension tion, highlight, lead item, main attraction, main item,
of injury, apprehension of punishment, apprehensiveness, outstanding item, principal item, special attraction, spe-
awe, concern, consternation, cowardice, cowardliness, cialty, star
cravenness, diffidence, dismay, disquietude, dread, faint-
heartedness, fearfulness, foreboding, fright, horror, intimi- FECKLESS, adjective abortive, aimless, careless, coun-
dation, metus, misgiving, panic, pavor, phobia, presenti- terproductive, feeble, foolhardy, negligent, fruitless, futile,
ment, pusillanimity, qualm, scare, state of anxiety, terror, good-for-nothing, ineffective, ineffectual, inefficacious, in-
timidity, timor, timorousness, trepidation, uneasiness, want efficient, inexpedient, irresponsible, meaningless, nonpro-
of confidence ductive, pointless, profitless, reckless, sustainable, unavail-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: duress, mental anguish ing, unmindful, unproductive, unsuccessful, usable, useless,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Nihil consensui tam contrarium est viable, weak, workable, worthless,
quam vis atque metus. Nothing is so opposed to consent
as force and fear. Vani timoris justa excusatio non est. A FEDERAL, adjective allied, associated, banded, central,
frivolous fear is not a lawful excuse. Vani timores sunt combined, confederate, federate, federative, foederatus, foe-
aestimandi, qui non cadunt in constantem virum. Those dere sociatus, governmental, joined in a union, joint,
fears are to be regarded as groundless which do not affect leagued, merged, national, united
an ordinary, steady man. ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: federal aid, federal common law, fed-
eral Constitution, federal courts, federal government, federal
FEAR, verb anticipate danger, anticipate injury, appre- jurisdiction, federal law, federal offense, federal question,
hend, apprehend danger, apprehend harm, apprehend federal regulation, federal rights
punishment, be a coward, be afraid, be alarmed, be anx-
ious, be apprehensive, be concerned, be cowardly, be FEDERALIZE (Associate), verb act in concert, affiliate,
daunted, be fearful, be frightened, be horrified, be in awe, ally, amalgamate, associate, band in a federation, band to-
be intimidated, be nervous, be overawed, be petrified, be gether, centralize, collaborate, combine, confederate, conso-
scared, be startled, be terrified, be timid, cower, dare not, ciate, consolidate, cooperate, federate, form a cartel, form a
dread, feel terror, fret, have qualms, live in terror, lose cour- union, go into partnership, incorporate, join, join forces,
age, metuere, stand aghast, stand in awe, take alarm, take league, make a common cause with, merge, organize, par-
fright, timere, vereri, worry ticipate, pool, syncretize, team up, unify, unionize, unite,
unite in a league, work as a team, work together
FEARFULNESS, noun affright, agitation, alarm, anxious-
ness, apprehension, consternation, distrust, faint-hearted- FEDERALIZE (Place under federal control), verb assume
ness, fear, fright, intimidation, misgiving, nervousness, pusil- authority, exercise federal authority over, exert authority,
lanimousness, shyness, stress, suspicion, superstition, terror, exert federal control, place under federal administration,
timidity, timorousness, tremulousness, trepidation, unease place under federal rule, seize from private control, seize
from state control, seize power, take command, take control
FEARLESS, adjective adventurous, audacious, bold,
brave, confident, courageous, daring, dauntless, gallant, FEDERATE, verb act in concert, affiliate, ally, amalgam-
heroic, indomitable, intrepid, resolute, self-reliant, Spartan, ate, assemble, associate, band, collaborate, combine, con-
spirited, stout-hearted, unabashed, unafraid, unawed, un- cert, confederate, conjoin, consociate, join, join forces,
daunted, unfearing, unflinching, unfrightened, unscared, league, merge, organize, participate, pool one’s interests,
unshakable, unterrified, valiant unify, unionize, unite, unite by compact, unite in a federa-
tion, unite in a league
FEASIBLE, adjective acceptable, achievable, appropri-
ate, attainable, available, believable, comprehensible, con- FEDERATION, noun affiliation, alliance, amalgamation,
ceivable, contingent, credible, doable, imaginable, likely, association, centralization, coalition, combination, combine,
maintainable, plausible, possible, practicable, probably, re- concert, confederacy, confederation, cooperation, federal
alizable, reasonable, sensible, supportable, sustainable, union, integration, league, merger, organized body, pool,
thinkable, usable, viable, workable syndicate, unification, union
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS : labor federation, unincorporated
FEASIBILITY, noun achievability, advantageousness, at- association
tainability, expedience, expediency, feasibleness, likelihood,
opportuneness, performability, possibility, potentiality, FEE (Charge), noun charge for services, compensation,
practicability, practicableness, practicality, profitableness, compensation for labor, compensation for professional
reasonableness, usefulness, utility, viability, workability, service, consideration, cost, disbursement, dues, emolu-
workableness ment, exactment, expenditure, expense, fare, fixed
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: feasibility study charge, merces, payment, price, recompense, remunera-
tion, reward, toll, wage
FEATURE (Appearance), noun aspect, countenance, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: attorney’s fee, counsel fees, reason-
external appearance, form, lineament, lineamentum, lines, able fee, splitting a fee
look, outward appearance, physiognomy, shape, visage
FEE (Estate), noun absolute inheritance, absolute inter-
FEATURE (Characteristic), noun aspect, attribute, est in realty, corporal hereditament, feod, feud, fief, free-
component, constituent, detail, distinction, distinctive hold, hereditament, holding, interest, land, landed estate,
trait, element, factor, idiosyncrasy, individuality, ingredi- landed property, lands, legal estate, property, real estate,
ent, mark, notability, outstanding property, part, particu- real property, realty, right of possession, title, uncondi-
lar, peculiarity, point, proprietas, quality, salient point, tional inheritance, unlimited inheritance, unrestricted in-
salient quality, singularity, trait heritance, vested interest in land

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ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: absolute fee, base fee, conditional perception, perceptiveness, perceptivity, preapprehension,
fee, contingent fee, defeasible estate, determinable fee, fee premonition, presentiment, reaction, receptivity, reflex, re-
simple, fee tail, limited fee, qualified fee sponsiveness, sensation, sense, sensibility, sensitiveness,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Feodum est quod quis tenet ex qua- sensitivity, sensory response, sensuality, sentience, shrinking,
cunque causa sive sit tenementum sive redditus. A fee susceptibility, suspicion, synesthesia, tact, tactfulness, titilla-
is that which any one holds from whatever cause, whether tion, vague feeling, voluptuousness
it be tenement or rent.
FEELING (Premonition), noun attitude, conception, emo-
FEE FOR SERVICES, noun direct-bill the patient, direct tions, estimation, feeling sensibilities, foreboding, gut reac-
payment, direct payment to a doctor for care provided, en- tion, hunch, idea, inkling, notion, opinion, outlook, passions,
tire payment, full payment, independent rates, nondiscounted point of view, position, posture, sentiment, stance, sus-
rate, payment by a patient to a doctor for medical services, ceptibilities, sympathies, theory, thought, viewpoint, way of
payment for medical services to a practitioner, payment in thinking
full for services provided, payment of the entire bill, pay-
ment without accepting any insurance, payment without FEELING (Suspicion), noun assumption, belief, common
insurance, payment without regard to health insurance pay- belief, concept, conclusion, conjecture, consideration,
ments estimation, hunch, idea, impression, inkling, intuition,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: health care, HMOs, PPOs judgment, notion, observation, opinion, premonition,
presumption, prevailing belief, prevailing sentiment, re-
FEE SIMPLE, noun absolute interest in realty, estate in action, response, sensation, sense, sentiment, stance,
fee simple, estate in land, fee simple absolute, holding, supposition, theory, thinking, thought, vague feeling,
legal estate, ownership in property, ownership in real es- view, viewpoint
tate, ownership in real property, ownership in realty, own-
ership interest, real estate ownership, right in real property, FEELING (View), noun air, atmosphere, attitude, belief,
title to property, title to real property, unlimited right to character, characteristic, conception, emotions, estimation,
property ownership, unrestricted right to property owner- feeling sensibilities, idea, mood, notion, opinion, outlook,
ship, vested interest in land passions, point of view, position, posture, sentiment, stance,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: allodial title, concurrent estate, defea- susceptibilities, sympathies, theory, thought, viewpoint, way
sible estate, fee simple determinable, fee tail, future estate, of thinking
leasehold estate, life estate ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: feeling about the outcome of a case

FEEBLE, adjective asthenic, breakable, broken-down, FEIGN, verb affect, beguile, belie, cheat, concoct, coun-
damaged, debilitated, delicate, disabled, drained, effete, terfeit, create a false appearance, deceive, delude, dis-
enfeebled, exhausted, faint, feckless, flagging, flimsy, frag- guise, dissemble, dissimulate, distort the truth, fabricate,
ile, frail, helpless, impaired, impotent, incapable, incapaci- falsify, fingere, imagine, imitate deceptively, impersonate,
tated, ineffective, infirm, injured, invalid, lame, languid, lack candor, lie about, make a false show of, make believe,
powerless, sapped, slight, soft, softened, susceptible, ten- make up, mislead, misreport, misrepresent, misstate, pal-
der, tired, vulnerable, weakened, weary, worn-out ter, personate, pretend, prevaricate, represent fictitiously,
sham, simulare, simulate, speak falsely
FEEDBACK, noun acknowledgment, alternative view, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: feigned accomplice, feigned disability,
answer, clarification, comments, criticism, elucidation, ex- feigned dispute, feigned issue
planation, illumination, input, interpretation, positive input,
reaction, reply, response, sense, sentiment, translation FEIGNED, adjective apocryphal, artificial, assumed, bogus,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: negative feedback, polling, positive colorable, counterfeit, deceptive, delusive, disguised, dishon-
feedback est, disingenuous, evasive, fabricated, factitious, faked, false,
fictitious, forged, fraudulent, hypocritical, illusory, imaginary,
FEEL, verb appreciate, be informed of, believe, compre- insincere, lying, make-believe, mendacious, mock, mythical,
hend, conceive, conclude, deduce, glean, grasp, internal- pretended, pseudo, sham, simulated, spurious, suppositi-
ize, know, labor under, learn, note, observe, perceive, tious, trumped up, unauthentic, untrue, ungenuine
sense, share, sustain, sympathize, understand ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: feigned accomplice, feigned action,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: feel positive about the outcome of a feigned issue
case, feel the defendant is guilty or innocent
FEINT, noun ambush, artifice, camouflage, chicanery,
FEELING (Compassion), noun aesthetic sense, affect, counterfeit, deception, device, disguise, dodge, dupery,
affection, appreciation, ardor, capacity, chord vibration, com- duplicity, fakery, false appearance, false pretense, gimmick,
miseration, delicacy, discernment, discrimination, echo, illusion, legerdemain, maneuver, mask, masquerade, pass,
emotion, empathy, faculty, fellow feeling, fervor, heart, iden- ploy, prestidigitation, pretext, ruse, sham, sleight, stratagem,
tification, intuition, judgment, keenness, passion, pathos, subterfuge, swindling, trap, trick, trickery, wile
pity, refinement, response, sensibility, sentiment, sentimen-
tality, sharpness, soul, spirit, susceptivity, sympathy, taste, FELICITOUS, adjective accordant, adapted, agreeing,
tenderheartedness, tenderness, vibe, warmth applicable, apposite, appropriate, apropos, apt, becoming,
befitting, concinnous, concordant, conformable, congruous,
FEELING (Consciousness), noun activity, awareness, con- consonant, desirable, effective, excellent, fit, fitting, fortunate,
sideration, contractibility, discrimination, enjoyment, excit- germane, happy, harmonious, ideal, in place, inspired, joyful,
ability, excitation, excitement, feel, feeling in one’s bones, joyous, meet, opportune, perfect, pertinent, relevant, rightful,
flash, foreboding, forefeeling, funny feeling, galvanism, gut seemly, successful, suitable, suiting, tasteful, timely, to the
feeling, hunch, impressibility, impression, innervation, intima- point, to the purpose, venustus, well-chosen, well-expressed,
tion, intuition, intuitive impression, motility, motor response, well-timed

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FELLOW (Cohort), noun adjunct, attendant, colleague, goods, recipient of stolen property, vendor of stolen goods,
companion, comrade, confederate, consort, contributor, vendor of stolen property
copartner, correlative, individual, mate, member, partici- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: burglary, robbery, theft
pant, partner, peer, person
FEOFFEE, noun acceptor, assignee, devisee, donee,
FELLOW (Complement), noun associate, coequal, coun- donee of a corporeal hereditament, grantee, legatee, one
terpart, equal, equipollent, like, match, obverse, parallel, re- to whom a fee is conveyed, one to whom seisin passes,
ciprocal, similitude one to whom title is passed, one who is enfeoffed, receiver,
recipient of a fee, transferee
FELLOW SERVANT, noun associate worker, employee,
fellow employee, participatory employee, worker FEOFFMENT, noun assignation of title, cession of a fee,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: common service, concurrent negli- conferral of a fee, conferment of title, conveyance of realty,
gence, delegation of duty, invitees, master and fellow conveyancing, conveying title, delivery of title, gift of a
servant, superintending, superior servant, vice principal, freehold interest, investiture of title, livery of seisin, passing
workers’ compensation of seisin, transfer of property, transmission of title

FELON, noun convict, criminal, culprit, delinquent, evil- FEOFFOR, noun assignor, bequeather, bestower, devi-
doer, guilty person, lawbreaker, malefactor, nefarius, of- sor, donor, giver, grantor, one who enfeoffs another, one
fender, outlaw, recidivist, recreant, reprobate, sceleratus, who gives a corporeal hereditament, one who transfers
scelestus, transgressor, wrongdoer property by deed, one who transfers real property to
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: convicted felon another, person making a feoffment, person who conveys
FOREIGN PHRASES: Nullus dicitur felo principalis nisi actor, a fee, transferor
aut qui praesens est, abettans aut auxilians ad felo-
niam faciendam. No one is called a principal felon except FERMENT, verb agitate, arouse, create a disturbance,
the party actually committing the felony, or the person who create turbulence, excite, fervid, flame, foment, impas-
is present, aiding and abetting in its commission. sion, incense, incite, inflame, instigate, kindle, pique, stir,
stir up
FELONIOUS, adjective against the admonition of law,
against the law, against the rules, base, condemnable, con- FEROCIOUS, adjective agitated, antagonistic, belliger-
trary to law, criminal, criminous, culpable, dishonest, dis- ent, brutal, cataclysmic, combative, combustible, conten-
solute, done with intent to commit crime, evildoing, extra- tious, cruel, destructive, dreadful, explosive, fearsome,
legal, fraudulent, illegal, illegitimate, immoral, in violation frightening, frightful, furious, hard, hellacious, mad, mali-
of law, inlicitus, lawbreaking, lawless, malfeasant, mali- cious, mean, pugnacious, quarrelsome, rabid, rough, ruin-
cious, nefarious, non legitimus, nonlegal, of the quality of a ous, savage, tempestuous, terrible, truculent, tumultuous,
felon, offending, outlawed, outside the law, perfidious, turbulent, vehement, vicious, violent, volcanic
transgressing, unallowed, unauthorized, unlawful, unli-
censed, unpardonable, unwarrantable, vetitus, villainous, FEROCITY, noun agitation, commitment, excitement,
wicked, wrong, wrongful extreme emotion, ferociousness, fierceness, raging, rant-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: felonious act, felonious arson, feloni- ing, raving, ravished, roaring, viciousness, violence,
ous assault, felonious homicide, felonious intent, felonious zealousness
purpose, feloniously taking
FERRET, verb bring to light, dig out, discover, disinter,
FELONY, noun capital crime, crime graver than a misde- elicit, find, fish out, hunt, look for, rimari, root out, search,
meanor, criminal activity, criminal offense, gross offense, seek, trace, track down, unearth
heinous crime, heinous misconduct, illegality, indictable of- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: ferret out a crime
fense, misdeed punishable by imprisonment, offense, offense
punishable by imprisonment, transgression, violation of FERRET OUT, verb announce, bare, bring about, bring
law, wrongdoing out, debunk, disclose, discover, divulge, enquire about,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: assault with intent to commit felony, expose, find, investigate into, locate, reveal, uncloak, un-
capital felony, common law felony, compounding a fel- clothe, uncover, unmask, unveil
ony, felonious intent, felony conviction, felony murder, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: ferret out crime
substantive felony
FOREIGN PHRASES: Felonia, ex vi termini significat quodlibet FERTILE, adjective arable, bearing offspring freely, cre-
capitale crimen felleo animo perpetratum. Felony by force ative, fecund, fecundus, feracious, ferax, fertilis, flowering,
of the term, signifies any capital crime perpetrated with a fructiferous, fructuous, fruitful, imaginative, ingenious, in-
criminal mind. Felonia implicatur in qualibet proditione. ventive, lush, luxuriant, original, originative, parturient,
Felony is implied in every treason. philoprogenitive, procreant, procreative, productive, profit-
able, progenerative, prolific, rank, rich, yielding
FEMALE, noun female being, female gender, female sex, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: fertile octogenarian rule, presumption
gender, girl, her, herself, lady, Miss, Mrs., Ms., she, woman of fertility
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: women’s rights
FOREIGN PHRASES: Feme, Femme. A woman. Feme covert. A FERVENT, adjective active, all out, animated, ardens, ar-
married woman. Feme sole. A single woman. dent, avid, committed, dedicated, devoted, devout, eager,
earnest, enthusiastic, excited, feeling, fervens, fervid, fervi-
FENCE, noun buyer of stolen goods, buyer of stolen dus, feverish, fierce, fiery, hearty, hectic, impassioned, in
property, disposer of stolen goods, purchaser of stolen earnest, intense, keen, passionate, perfervid, resolute, seri-
goods, purchaser of stolen property, receiver, receiver of ous, sincere, spirited, vehement, zealous, zestful
stolen goods, receiver of stolen property, recipient of stolen ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: testator’s fervent desire

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FERVID, adjective agitate, ardent, create a disturbance, any, inconsequential, inconsiderable, infrequent, insignifi-
create a turbulence, devoted, devout, earnest, earnestly, cant, least, less, little, littlest, low, lowest, meager, minimal,
excite, faithful, fervent, impassioned, instigate, intense, in- minimum, more than two, negligible, not many, not too
tent, passionate, perfervid, serious, sincere, spirited, stir, many, occasional, of small number, petty, picayune, pre-
stirred-up, zealous cious few, rare, scant, scarce, scarcely any, seldom, several,
slightest, small, smallest, some, sparse, straggling, superfi-
FERVOR, noun abandon, animation, ardency, ardor, cial, too few, trifling, unimportant
eagerness, earnestness, emotion, enthusiasm, excitement,
fanaticism, fervency, fervor, fire, gusto, heat, histrionics, FEW AND FAR BETWEEN, adjective an inconsiderable
hot-bloodedness, intensity, keenness, mania, obsession, amount, few, hard to come by, hardly any, infrequent, less,
oomph, passion, torridity, torridness, vehemence, warmth, meager, negligible, not many, not much, not too many, one-
zeal, zest shot, one-time, piddling, scant, scanty, scarce, scarcely any,
seldom, seldom met with, seldom seen, slim, slow, small
FETTER, noun bond, bridle, catena, chain, check, compes, number of, some, sparse, sporadic, spotty, unique, unprece-
confinement, constraint, control, curb, detention, deter- dented, unusual
rence, deterrent, disadvantage, encumbrance, gyve, ham-
per, handicap, hindrance, impediment, imprisonment, incar- FIAT, noun authoritative order, authorization, command,
ceration, inhibition, interference, iron, limitation, lock, decree, decree having the force of law, dictate, direction,
manacle, means of restraint, obstacle, obstruction, preven- directive, edict, enactment, hest, imperium, imposition, in-
tion, prohibition, rein, repression, restraint, restriction, junction, instruction, iussum, judgment, mandamus, manda-
shackle, strap, suppression, tie, trammel, vinculum, yoke tum, order, prescript, prescription, pronouncement, regula-
tion, rescript, rule, sanction, ukase, warrant
FETTER, verb bind, catenas, chain, check, confine, curb,
enchain, enclose, entrammel, gyve, hamper, handcuff, FICTION, noun canard, commentum, concoction, fable,
handicap, hinder, immobilize, impede, impedire, impose re- fabrication, fabula, false statement, falsehood, falsification,
straint, inhibit motion, inhibit movement, keep in check, lock fancy, fantasy, feigned story, figment, invention, legend, lie,
up, make captive, make prisoner, manacle, paralyze, pro- myth, perjury, prevarication, product of imagination, res
hibit, put in irons, put under restraint, restrain, restrain mo- ficta, untruth, untruthful report
tion, restrain movement, restrict, secure, secure with chains, FOREIGN PHRASES: Fictio legis inique operatur alieni dam-
shackle, shut in, suppress, tie, tie down, trammel, vincula num vel injuriam. Fiction of law is wrongful if it works loss
or harm to anyone. Fictio juris non est ubi veritas. A fiction
FETUS, noun baby, embryo, genesis, immature stage, of law will not exist where the fact appears. Les fictions
life, origination, seed, source, starting point, unborn young naissent de la loi, et non la loi des fictions. Fictions arise
from the law, and not law from fictions. Fictio cedit veritati.
FEUD, noun alienation, altercation, animosity, animus, Fictio juris non est ubi veritas. Fiction yields to truth.
antagonism, bitterness, breach, clash, conflict, contention, Where truth is, fiction of law does not exist.
controversy, difference, disaccord, disagreement, dis-
cord, dispute, dissension, enmity, estrangement, faction, FICTITIOUS, adjective apocryphal, arbitrarily invented,
grudge, hereditary enmity, hostility, ill will, incompatabil- artificial, chimerical, commenticius, concocted, counterfeit,
ity, inimicality, inimicitia, intolerance, inveterate hatred, deceiving, delusive, erroneous, fabled, fabricated, fake, faked,
inveterate strife, malevolence, mutual aversion, odds, false, fancied, fanciful, feigned, fictional, fictive, fictus, figmen-
open breach, open quarrel, opposition, private war, quar- tal, forged, founded on fiction, illusive, illusory, imaginary,
rel, rancor, rupture, simultas, split, strain, strife, tension, imagined, invented, legendary, make-believe, mendacious,
variance, vendetta misleading, misrepresentative, mythic, mythical, mythologi-
cal, nonexistent, notional, phony, pretended, sham, spurious,
FEVER (Excitement), noun agitation, ardor, arousing, trumped-up, unfounded, unhistorical, unreal, untrue
delirium, desire, disquiet, eagerness, enthusiasm, excita- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: fictitious address, fictitious claims, ficti-
tion, exhilaration, fervency, fever pitch, feverish excitement, tious corporation, fictitious debts, fictitious name, fictitious
feverishness, fire, fomentation, frenzy, galvanization, heat, parties, fictitious payee, fictitious person, fictitious state-
intensity, panic, passion, provocation, stimulation, stirring ments
up, tizzy, turmoil, upset, working up, zeal, zealousness, zest
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: proceedings reaching a fever pitch FIDELITY, noun allegiance, conscientiousness, con-
stancy, constantia, devotedness, devotion, dutiful adher-
FEVER (Illness), noun affliction, ailment, burning-up, ele- ence, dutifulness, faith, faithfulness, fealty, fidelitas, fides,
vated temperature, feverishness, has a disorder, has a mal- good faith, homage, loyalty, stanchness, steadfastness,
ady, has an affliction, has an ailment, ill health, illness, in poor trueness, trustiness, trustworthiness
health, infirmity, not healthy, sickness, temperature ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: fidelity bond, fidelity guaranty, fidelity
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: fee services, health care, HMO insurance

FEVER PITCH, noun boil, boiling point, crescendo, ex- FIDUCIARY, adjective commanding belief, command-
citement, extreme enthusiasm, fermentation, fervency, ing confidence, confidential, deserving belief, fiducial,
fever of excitement, feverishness, fire, flap, flurry, fluster, founded in confidence, reliable, sound, trusted, trustwor-
frenzy, fuming, furor, fuss, heat, intensity, maelstrom, ner- thy, worthy of belief, worthy of credence
vousness, passion, rage, restlessness, roil, turbulence, tur- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: fiduciary bequest, fiduciary bond, fi-
moil, unrest, upset, zeal, zealousness duciary capacity, fiduciary relation

FEW, adjective a few, a handful of, a small number of, FIDUCIARY, noun agent, caretaker, custodian, executor,
a sprinkling of, excess of two, few and far between, hardly guardian, one who handles property for another, one who

268
 FIGURE

transacts business for another, person entrusted with prop- FIFTH AMENDMENT (Self-incrimination), noun protec-
erty of another, trustee tion against exposing one’s self to prosecution, protection
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: escrow, trust against incriminating one’s self, protection against testifying
against one’s self
FIELD (Land), noun area, clearing, flatland, grass area, Generally: due process protection
ground, lot, open area, parcel, tract, plain, property, space Specifically: right to remain silent
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: full immunity, Miranda Warnings,
FIELD (Place for sports), noun athletic field, ball field, transactional immunity, use and derivative immunity, use
center, game field, grounds, park, playing field, sports field, immunity
stadium
FIGHT (Argument), noun altercation, bickering, broil,
FIELD (Specialty), noun appointment, area, art, assign- certamen, clash, conflict, confrontation, contest, controversy,
ment, bailiwick, billet, business, call, calling, craft, employ- debate, difference, disagreement, discord, disputation, dis-
ment, engagement, enterprise, handcraft, handicraft, line, pute, dissension, embroilment, estrangement, expression of
livelihood, living, métier, mission, office, place, position, contrary opinions, imbroglio, logomachy, oral contention,
post, profession, racket, specialty, trade, vocation polemics, pugna, quarrel, row, schism, squabble, strife, vari-
ance, verbal contest, war of words, wrangle
FIEND (Addict), noun abuser, drug abuser, drug addict,
drug user, narcotics addict, person hooked on something, FIGHT (Battle), noun action, affray, appeal to arms,
user armed action, assault, attack, bloodshed, bout, brawl, clash
of arms, combat, contest, encounter, engagement, ex-
FIEND (Enthusiast), noun admirer, adorer, buff, crazed change of blows, fracas, fray, hostile encounter, pugilatio,
fan, devotee, disciple, fan, fanatic, idolizer, individual with a rencounter, resistance, scuffle, skirmish, struggle, tussle,
one-track mind, individual with a single minded dogma, in- war, warfare
fatuate, lover, worshiper, zealot
FIGHT (Battle), verb act in opposition, altercate, appeal to
FIERCE (Ferocious), adjective battling, blustering, bluster- arms, assail, assault, assume the offensive, attack, bandy
ous, blustery, by force, clamorous, contentions, destructive, with, be violent, break the peace, campaign, carry on war,
devastating, distracted, feral, fighting, frantic, frenzied, fright- challenge, close with, combat, come to blows, commit hos-
ening, furious, gladiatorial, militant, possessed, rabid, raging, tilities, compete with, confront, contend, contest, declare
rampant, ranting, raving, ravished, rip-roaring, roaring, tem- war, dispute, duel, engage, exchange blows, exchange fisti-
pestuous, thunderous, torrential, truculent, turbulent, uncon- cuffs, face danger, go to war, grapple with, have words with,
trollable, uncontrolled, unrestrained, warlike, warring joust, make war, oppose, proelium committere, pummel,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: fierce criticism, fierce debate, fierce fight rebel, reluct, resist, resort to arms, revolt, scrimmage, scuffle,
set to, skirmish, spar, squabble, stand up to, strike, struggle
FIERCE (Intense), adjective abandoned, acute, aggres- against, take on, take the offensive, take up arms, tourney,
sive, amok, angry, animal, animated, ardent, avid, awful, tussle, vie with, wage war, wrestle with
barbarous, bellowing, berserk, beside oneself, bestial, blood-
thirsty, bloody, blue in the face, bold, brutal, brutish, carried FIGHT (Counteract), verb act in opposition to, be at
away, cruel, dangerous, deep, delirious, demoniacal, de- cross-purposes, be contrary, be obstructive, confound, con-
monic, desperate, distracted, eager, earnest, ecstatic, en- fute, contradict, counter, countermine, counterpose, coun-
raged, enraptured, enthusiastic, fanatical, fearsome, feral, fe- terwork, cross, debar, defy, disapprove, foil, frustrate, hinder,
rocious, fervent, fervid, fiery, frantic, frenzied, frightening, impede, inhibit, interfere, make a stand against, negate,
frothing, fulminating, furious, grim, haggard, hard, hard- object, obstruct, oppose, preclude, prevent, protest, rebuff,
boiled, hearty, high-spirited, hog-wild, hostile, howling, hys- reject, repulse, resist, run against, run counter to, side
terical, impassioned, impetuous, in a transport or ecstasy, in against, spurn, stand against, stand up to, thwart, traverse,
hysterics, insane, intoxicated, irate, keen, mad, madding, vote down, work against
malevolent, malign, maniac, maniacal, menacing, merciless, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: fight passage
monstrous, mouth, murderous, orgasmic, orgiastic, out of
one’s wits, passionate, possessed, primitive, rabid, raging, FIGMENT, noun canard, chimera, concoction, creation of
ramping, ranting, ravening, raving, ravished, roaring, rough, the mind, deception, delusion, fabrication, falsehood, falsifica-
running mad, ruthless, sanguinary, savage, sense, spirited, tion, fancy, fantasy, feigned story, fiction, fiction of the mind,
storming, terrible, tigerish, tough, transported, truculent, un- flight of fancy, hallucination, idle fancy, illusion, imagined
bridled, unchecked, uncivilized, uncontrollable, uncontrolled, thought, inaccuracy, invention, lie, mirage, myth, product of
uncurbed, unrestrained, untamed, venomous, vicious, vio- the imagination, reverie, romance, story, unreality, untruth
lent, virulent, wild, wild-eyed, wild-looking, wrathful, zealous
FIGURATIVE, adjective allegoric, allegorical, anagogic,
FIERI FACIAS, noun authorization to seize, authoriza- anagogical, depictive, descriptive, emblematic, emblemati-
tion to seize chattels, authorization to take, execution on cal, evidential, exhibitive, expressive, figural, illustrating, il-
property, judicial authorization to remove chattels, judicial lustrational, illustrative, imagistic, imitative, implicative, in-
authorization to remove goods, levy on goods to pay a dicative, indicatory, metaphoric, metaphorical, pictographic,
judgment, means to pay a judgment, order to seize, per- pictorial, portraying, representational, representative, rep-
mission to seize, remedy, writ of execution, writ to seize resenting, satirical, signifying, simulative, standing for, sug-
gestive, symbolic, symbolical, symbolizing, symptomatic,
FIFTH AMENDMENT (Double jeopardy), noun protec- typical, typifying, vivid
tion against being tried twice for the same offense, protec-
tion against multiple punishment, protection against multi- FIGURE (Form), noun art form, configuration, conforma-
ple punishment for the same offense tion, design, device, diagram, drawing, figuration, formation,

269
 FIGURE

illustration, layout, model, picture, prototype, representation, FILL (Sell out), verb bulged, fill to capacity, fill to over-
representation in art, representative, shape, symbol flowing, fill to the brim, fill up, jam in, overfill, pack in,
stuff in, supply, swell with a crowd
FIGURE (Individual), noun head, human being, leader,
mortal, official, overseer, person, somebody, someone, FILL (Supply), verb appoint, choose, elect, furnish, lay in
supervisor or by, name, outfit, provide, refill, renew, replenish, re-
stock, stock, store
FIGURE (Numeral), noun aggregate, amount, Arabic nu- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: fill an order under the Uniform
merals, charge, expenditure, expense, number, price, quota- Commercial Code
tion, rate, Roman numerals, sales price, sum, total, value
FILTER, noun classification, means to rectify, means to
FIGURE, verb ascertain, conclude, decide, determine, refine, purification, purifier, refinery, screen, sieve, sifter,
estimate, infer, opine, suppose, think strainer

FIGURE OUT, verb answer, ascertain, break, clear up, FILTER, verb clarify, clean, clear, distill, filtrate, find, leach,
comprehend, conclude, conjecture, crack, decide, decipher, pass through, percolate, purify, rectify, refine, screen, strain
decode, deduce, gather, infer, interpret, iron out, judge, ra- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: filter the evidence through the jury
tionalize, reason, resolve, solve, speculate, straighten out,
understand, unravel, unscramble, untangle, untie, work out FINAL, adjective closing, completing, concluding, con-
clusive, conclusory, crowning, decisive, definitive, determi-
FILE, noun archive, card index, catalog, classified index, native, end, ending, extreme, extremus, finishing, irrevoca-
docket, dossier, entry, folder, information, list, notebook, ble, last, rearmost, supreme, terminal, terminating,
orderly arrangement of papers, record, record of the court, terminational, terminative, ultimate, ultimus, unappealable,
recorded information, register, registry, report, roll without appeal
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: duly filed, file a brief, file a complaint, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: final accounting, final adjudication,
file a lien, file a mortgage, file a reply, file a reply brief, file final and conclusive, final award, final conviction, final deci-
a summons, file papers, filed in open court, filing fee, filing sion, final decree, final determination, final disposition, final
of a claim, reporting act finding, final hearing, final judgment, final offer, final order,
final settlement, final submission
FILE (Arrange), verb align, arrange methodically, array,
assign places to, bring into order, catalog, categorize, class, FINAL APPEAL, noun appeal of last resort, appeal to the
classify, codify, collocate, coordinate, distribute, fix the order, ultimate power, appeal to U.S. Supreme Court or Court of
grade, graduate, group, limare, line up, make orderly, mar- Appeals, application for concluding appeal, conclusive ap-
shal, organize, pigeonhole, place in order, position, put in peal, decisive appeal, definitive appeal, determinative ap-
array, put in order, range, rank, reduce to order, regulate, set peal, extreme appeal, finishing appeal, irrevocable decision,
in order, set to rights, sort, subdivide, systematize last appeal, last appellate stage, last decision, last hearing,
last recourse, last reexamination, resort to the highest tribu-
FILE (Place among official records), verb book, calendar, nal, review by a highest tribunal, review by highest authority,
chronicle, deliver an instrument, deposit among records of review by the highest court
the court, docket, document, enroll, enter, inscribe, list, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: Court of final appeal, final adjudification
place an instrument in a place of deposit, place in official
custody of the clerk, place on record, preserve permanently FINALE, noun apex, capstone, climax, close, closing,
as a public record, put on record, receive an instrument of- conclusion, consummation, coup de grace, crescendo,
ficially, register, store in the archives crown, culmination, end, endgame, ending, epilogue, fin-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: docket, filing fee, filing of a deed, filing ish, grand finale, home stretch, inclusion, outcome, peak,
of a suit, filing of claims, filing of papers, filing of pleadings, pinnacle, summit, termination, ultimate outcome, upshot,
late filing, time to file wind-up, wrap-up, zenith

FILIATION, noun affiliation, assignment of paternity, FINALITY, noun accomplishment, achievement, cessa-
blood relationship, cognation, determination of a child’s pa- tion, close, closure, completeness, completion, conclusion,
ternity, family connection, fatherhood, fathership, kinship, consummation, definitiveness, denouement, determination,
lineage, parentage, paternity, relationship, ties of blood end, ending, entireness, entirety, execution, expiration, ex-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: filiation proceeding piry, extremity, finish, fulfillment, fullness, halt, implementa-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Semper praesumitur pro legitimatione tion, maturation, maturity, performance, stop, stoppage,
puerorum. The presumption always is in favor of the le- term, terminal, termination, terminus, totality, wholeness
gitimacy of children. Filiatio non potest probari. Filiation
cannot be proved. Pater est quem nuptiae demonstrant. FINALITY OF JUDGMENT, noun final decision, final
He is the father whom the marriage points out. decree, final disposition, final judgment of the court, judg-
ment disposing of case before the court
FILIBUSTER, noun attempt to obstruct legislation, block- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: noninterlocutory decree, res judicata
age, cunctation, delay, delay in legislation, dilatory obstruc-
tion, hindrance, impediment, interference, obstruction, ob- FINALIZE, verb achieve, cap, clinch, close, complete,
struction to congressional action, prevention of congressional conclude, consummate, crown, decide, draw to a close, effect,
action, protraction, retardation, retardment, stalling, stoppage end, finish, get done, get it over with, perfect, perfect in detail,
put the finishing touches on, seal, settle, terminate, wind up
FILL (Pervade), verb diffuse, extend throughout, imbue,
infuse, leave no void, occupy, penetrate, perfuse, perme- FINALLY (Conclusively), adverb absolutely, assuredly,
ate, saturate, spread throughout beyond the shadow of a doubt, certainly, convincingly,

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decisively, definitely, in the end, in the long run, irrevoca- FINDING, noun ascertainment, award, conclusion, deci-
bly, permanently, ultimately, when all is said and done sion, decree, determination, judgment, judicial conclusion,
judicial outcome, judicial verdict, opinion, opinion of the
FINALLY (Ultimately), adverb after a time, after all, at the court, order, outcome, precedent, pronouncement, report,
end, at the final point, at the last moment, belatedly, eventu- resolution, resolution of the court, result, ruling, sentence,
ally, in conclusion, in consequence, in the end, inevitably, solution, verdict, verdict after judicial inquiry
lastly, necessarily, therefore, when all is said and done ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: administrative finding, erroneous find-
ing, evidence sufficient to support a finding, evidentiary
FINANCE, noun accounts, aerarium, art of monetary finding, finding of a referee, finding of fact, finding of guilt,
relations, budget, business science, commercial theory, eco- general findings, implied findings, inconsistent findings,
nomics, exchange, expenditure, financial affairs, financial special finding, supplemental findings
resources, fiscus, funds, income, investments, management
of money, monetary theory, money, money dealings, FINDING OF GUILT, noun adjudication, award, censure,
money-making, money matters, pecuniaria, pecuniary man- condemnation, conviction, conviction of guilt, criminal con-
agement, public economy, public revenue, resources, reve- viction, decision, decree, decrial, denunciation, determina-
nue, science of monetary relations, science of wealth, theory tion, judgment, judgment of guilt, pronouncement, ruling,
of business, theory of fiscal relations, wealth, working capital sentence, unfavorable verdict, verdict

FINANCE, verb advance, aid, assist, back, capitalize, FINE, noun amercement, compulsory payment, forfeit,
float, fund, invest, lend, loan, patronize, pay for, provide forfeiture, legal liability, liability, mulct, multa, payment for
capital, provide funds, provide money, provide subvention, misconduct, pecuniary penalty, pecuniary punishment, pen-
put up the money, set up in business, sponsor, subsidize, alty, prescribed punishment, sconce
supply money, support, sustain ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: excessive fine, forfeitures, penalties
FOREIGN PHRASES: Quam rationabilis debet esse finis, non
FINANCIAL, adjective ad aerarium pertinens, budgetary, definitur, sed omnibus circumstantiis inspectis pendet
bursal, fiscal, monetary, nummary, pecuniary, sumptuary ex justiciariorum discretione. What a reasonable fine
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: financial institution, financial loss, fi- ought to be is not defined, but is left to the discretion of the
nancial responsibility, financial worth judges, all the circumstances being considered. Mulcta
damnum famae non irrogat. A fine does not impose a
FIND (Adjudge), verb adjudicate, ascertain, award, con- loss of reputation.
clude, confirm, decide, declare a verdict, decree, detect,
determine, encounter, experience, hear of, hold, judge, FINE, verb amerce, exact a penalty, exact retribution,
learn, observe, perceive, pronounce, rule, sentence, settle, impose a forfeiture, impose a mulct, impose a penalty,
sit in judgment impose payment for misconduct, impose pecuniary punish-
ment, inflict a penalty upon, mulct, multare, penalize, pun-
FIND (Determine), verb adjudge, adjudicate, announce a ish, punish by pecuniary penalty, subject to a pecuniary
conclusion, arrive at a conclusion, arrive at a verdict, ascer- penalty, tax
tain, ascertain and declare, ascertain by judicial inquiry, cal-
culate, come to a conclusion, compromise, conclude, de- FINE PRINT, noun boilerplate, detailed clauses, detailed
cide, decide a question of fact, decide upon, declare a conditions, detailed contingencies, detailed grounds, ex-
verdict, deduce, deliver judgment, determine a controversy, press conditions, intricate notice of conditions, limitations,
determine after judicial inquiry, determine an issue, draw a limiting conditions, precise conditions, prerequisites, pro-
conclusion, establish as facts, give an opinion, give judg- visions, provisos, requisites, small pica font, small print,
ment, hold, judge, make a decision, pass an opinion, pass specific warnings, specification, specified warnings, terms
judgment, pronounce as an official act, resolve, rule, set a ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: contract
question at rest, sit in judgment
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: findings of fact FINESSE, noun acuteness, adeptness, adroitness, artful
management, artfulness, artifice, astuteness, canniness,
FIND (Discover), verb acquire information about, an- cunning, deception, deftness, delicacy, elegance, grace,
swer, apprehend, ascertain, attain by effort, bare, become guile, maneuver, nicety, polish, prowess, refined discrimi-
acquainted with, become apprised of, become informed, nation, refinement, ruse, savoir faire, science, shrewdness,
bring into the open, catch a glimpse of, chance upon, cog- skill, slyness, stratagem, subterfuge, subtleness, tact, taste,
noscere, come upon, create, decipher, decode, detect, trickery, wile, wiliness, worldly wisdom
discern, disclose, disentangle, disinter, divine, divulge,
elicit, encounter, explore, expose, fathom, ferret out, fig- FINESSE, adjective ability, acuteness, adeptness, adroit-
ure out, gather knowledge, get to the bottom of, glimpse, ness, astuteness, brilliance, cageyness, canniness, capability,
happen upon, hit upon, identify, invenire, invent, ken, capacity, cleverness, competence, craftiness, cunningness,
know, learn, light upon, locate, make certain, meet with, deftness, dexterousness, expertness, facility, faculty, foxi-
notice, observe, obtain by search, perceive, realize, recog- ness, handiness, ingeniousness, ingenuity, judiciousness,
nize, reveal, run across, solve, strike, stumble on, trace, know-how, marksmanship, mastership, mastery, proficiency,
uncloak, unconceal, uncover, understand, unearth, unfold, prowess, resourcefulness, savvy, sharpness, shrewdness,
unlock, unmask, unravel, unscramble, unscreen, unshroud, skill, skillfulness, technical mastery, technical skill, technique,
unveil, verify virtuosity, workmanship

FIND (Locate), verb achieve, attain, collect, descry, dig FINGERPRINTS, noun identification, identification re-
up, discover, disinter, espy, expose, furnish, gain, gather, cords, impression, impression of fingers, imprint, marks,
procure, provide the wherewithal, recover, repossess, re- marks left by a person’s finger, means of identification,
solve, retrieve, spot, supply, uncover, unearth prints

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 FINISH

FINISH, verb accomplish, achieve, arrive at the end of, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: at first impression, first lien, first read-
bring to a close, bring to an end, bring to completion, cap, ing, first stages of litigation, on first blush
carry out, carry through, cease, close, come to a close,
come to an end, complete, conclude, conficere, consum- FIRST (Superior), adjective antecedent, authentic,
mare, consummate, discontinue, end, finalize, halt, perfect, capital, cardinal, central, chief, crowning, dominant, fore-
put a stop to, put an end to, stop, terminare, terminate, most, highest, important, initial, leading, maiden, main,
wind up original, paramount, precessional, precursory, preemi-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Extincto subjecto, tollitur adjunctum. nent, preferred, premier, primary, prime, primordial, principal,
When the substance is extinguished, the incident ceases. second to none, starting, stellar, superior, supreme, unprec-
edented, vital
FINISHED (Complete), adjective absolute, choice, clas- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: first-degree offense
sic, complete, completed, concluded, conclusive, con-
summated, defunct, elegant, ended, entire, extinct, fault- FIRST, adverb ab initio, at first, at the outset, before,
less, final, flawless, full, ideal, immaculate, impeccable, chiefly, first and foremost, firstly, formerly, from the begin-
irredeemable, perfect, perfected, prime, primed, refined, ning, initially, in the beginning, in the front, originally, pri-
shapely, skilled, sound, thoroughgoing, trained, whole marily, principally

FINISHED (Gone), adjective consumed, decided, de- FIRST AMENDMENT (Free speech), noun freedom of
funct, done with, elapsed, irrecoverable, lapsed, no more, expression, freedom of right to assemble, freedom of speech,
obsolete, passé, passed, settled, through, used up freedom of the right to petition, freedom to amass, freedom
to express an opinion, right of free speech
FIRE (Burn), verb conflagrate, deflagrate, heat, ignite, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: Bill of Rights, slander
incandesce, inflame, kindle, light, scorch, singe, warm
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: Fire Act, Firefighter’s Rule, Fireman’s FIRST AMENDMENT (Freedom of right to assemble), noun
Rule, invitees freedom to amass, freedom to collect, freedom to gather

FIRE (Discharge), verb depose, dismiss, expel, lay off, FIRST AMENDMENT (Freedom of the press), noun free-
remove, stimulate, terminate, torrefy dom to express an opinion, freedom to print, freedom to
publish, freedom to write
FIRE (Stimulate), verb animate, arouse, electrify, enliven, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: libel
excite, foster, goad, incite, inspirit, quicken, rouse, spur, stir
FIRST AMENDMENT (Freedom of the right to petition), noun
FIRM, adjective anchored, balanced, confirmed, dura- freedom of the right to challenge, freedom of the right to op-
ble, established, fast, fastened, firmus, fixed, immobile, pose, freedom of the right to speak out
immotile, immovable, indissoluble, inflexible, irremovable,
moored, motionless, rigid, rooted, secure, secured, se- FIRST APPEARANCE, noun appearance, debut, inaugu-
curely fixed, set, settled, solid, solidus, sound, stabilis, sta- ration, initial, gambit, opening
ble, stanch, stationary, steadfast, steady, stout, strong,
sturdy, substantial, taut, unalterable, unbending, unmov- FIRST IMPRESSION, noun earliest reaction, early reac-
able, unmoving, unyielding tion, first blush reaction, first ever impression, first reaction,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: firm offer first sight impression, first stage, initial reaction, original
reaction, primary reaction, prime reactive
FIRM, noun association, bureau, business, business estab- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: case of first impression, first impres-
lishment, business house, commercial enterprise, commercial sion of the defendant on the jury
house, company, concern, enterprise, establishment, holding
company, house, industry, institution, joint concern, office, FIRST OFFENSE, noun first charge, first crime, first
organization, partnership criminal violation, first violation
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: corporation, law firm, professional
corporation FIRST POSITION, adjective antecedent place, anterior
place, beginning place, best place, cardinal place, crowning
FIRMNESS, noun adherence, assurance, backbone, cal- place, earliest place, first-class place, first-rate place, fore-
losity, certainty, compactness, confidence, constancy, cour- most place, grade a place, greatest place, highest place,
age, determination, durability, endurance, fixedness, force, leading place, main place, major place, original place, para-
fortitude, hardness, high morale, immutability, inexorability, mount place, precedent place, preceding place, predomi-
inflexibility, intransigence, intrepidity, obdurateness, obsti- nant place, preeminent place, premier place, prevailing
nacy, pertinacity, prowess, purpose, reliability, renitence, place, primal place, primary place, prime place, primeval
resoluteness, resolution, resolve, rigidity, rigor, secureness, place, principal place, supreme place, uppermost place
security, solidity, soundness, spirit, stability, stanchness, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bankruptcy, filings, recording statutes
staunchness, steadfastness, steadiness, stiffness, stoutness of
heart, strength, substantiality, surety, temper, tenacity, FIRST SALE DOCTRINE, noun exception to copyright
toughness, unyieldingness holder’s distribution right, exhaustion rule, first sale rule,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Firmior et potentior, est operatio, legis right of first sale
quam dispositio hominis. The operation of law is firmer
and more powerful than the will of man. FIRST STEP, noun beginning, birth, commencement,
debut, embarkment, embryo, genesis, inauguration, incep-
FIRST (Earlier), adjective aboriginal, anterior, earlier, tion, inchoation, incipiency, initiation, introduction, nascency,
earliest, embryonic, inaugural, incipient, introductory, pre- onset, opener, opening, origin, origination, outset, point of
vious, primeval, primitive, prior departure, start, starting point, unveiling

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 FIXTURE

FIRSTHAND, adjective absolute, admissible, attestative, form, grade, graduate, group, index, introduce order into,
authentic, certain, conclusive, decisive, determinative, docu- line up, list, marshal, methodize, ordinare, organize, place,
mented, empirical, eyewitness, factual, incontrovertible, in- place in order, prepare, put in order, put in proper order,
disputable, irrefutable, overwhelming, reliable, sure, valid range, rank, regulate, set in order, sort, sort out, sort system-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: firsthand knowledge of a crime atically, straighten out, systematize, tabulate
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: fix prices
FISCAL, adjective budgetary, bursal, economic, financial,
fiscalis, monetary, pecuniary, pertaining to financial matters, FIX (Make firm), verb attach, confirm, consolidate,
pertaining to government finances, pertaining to monetary embed, entrench, establish, fasten in position securely, fas-
receipts and expenditures, pertaining to the public revenues, ten securely, ground, harden, implant, infix, ingraft, ingrain,
pertaining to the public treasury, relating to accounts, relating lock, lodge, make fast, make rigid, pin, place permanently,
to money matters, relating to the management of revenue plant, ratify, render solid, root, secure, set, solidify, stabilize,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: fiscal affairs, fiscal year stiffen, tether
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: fix compensation, fix rates
FISCAL CLIFF, noun appointed hour, bankruptcy, brink
of disaster, budgetary crisis, call to action, climax, crisis FIX (Repair), verb adjust, alter, ameliorate, amend, cor-
point, critical juncture, critical point, crossroad, crucial rect, do repairs, emend, freshen, freshen up, heal, improve,
point, day of decision, D-day, drop-dead date, economic improve upon, invigorate, make corrections, make over,
crisis, final date before disaster, financial precipice, fiscal make restoration, make sound, make whole, meliorate,
emergency, moment of truth, outside date, precipice fiscal mend, overhaul, patch, patch up, purify, put in condition,
dilemma, turning point, urgency, vital moment, zero hour put in good condition, put in order, put in repair, put in
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: budget cuts, deficit, sequestration shape, rebuild, reclaim, recondition, reconstruct, rectify,
redintegrate, redress, refashion, reficere, refit, reform, refur-
FISHING EXPEDITION, noun careless inquisition, careless bish, regenerate, rehabilitate, reinvigorate, rejuvenate, re-
probe, comprehensive research, comprehensive study, make, remedy, remove the errors, renew, renovate, repa-
comprehensive survey, fundamental research, investigation rare, restituere, restore, retouch, return to the original state,
with reckless abandon, reckless inquiry, reckless investiga- revamp, revive, revivify, right, service, set aright, set right,
tion, reckless pursuit, wanton examination, wanton explora- straighten, touch up
tion, wanton inquest, widespread scrutiny, widespread
search, wild inquest FIX (Settle), verb agree, arrange, arrive at a conclusion,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: prosecutorial misconduct arrive at an agreement, ascertain, come to a determination,
come to a resolution, come to an agreement, conclude,
FIT, adjective able, acceptable, accommodated, adapted, constituere, decide, definire, determine, establish, make a
adequate, adjusted, advantageous, advisable, applicable, ap- decision, resolve, seal, set, statuere, straighten out, work out
posite, appropriate, apropos, apt, aptus, becoming, befitting,
capable, commodus, compatible, competent, concordant, FIXATION, noun compulsion, delusion, fascination, fixed-
conformable, congruous, consistent, consonant, correspon- ness, fixity, infatuation, intoxication, lodgment, monomania,
dent, eligible, fitted, fitting, harmonious, idoneus, in keep- obsession, predilection, preoccupation, prepossession
ing, in place, legitimate, matched, opportune, pertinent, pre-
pared, primed, proper, qualified, ready, relevant, right, FIXED (Securely placed), adjective anchored, certus,
seasonable, seemly, sortable, suitable, suited, tailor-made, fast, fastened, firm, firmly established, firmly implanted,
tasteful, to the purpose, well-fitted, well-qualified, well- firmly seated, firmly set, immovable, irremovable, made
suited, well-timed, wise, workable, worthy fast, permanent, rendered stable, rigid, secure, set, solid,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: fit for use, fitness for a particular pur- sound, stable, steadfast, steady, tethered, tight
pose, implied warranty of fitness, reasonably fit for the
purpose intended FIXED (Settled), adjective arranged, changeless,
closed, decided, definite, determined, entrenched, es-
FITNESS (Ability), noun admissibility, applicability, ap- tablished, not fluctuating, not varying, permanent, pre-
positiveness, appropriateness, aptitude, aptness, compe- determined, prescribed, rooted, unchangeable, un-
tence, expedience, faculty, felicity, instinct, propriety, seemli- changing, unshifting, unvarying, unwavering,
ness, skill, suitableness well-established
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: fixed asset, fixed by law, fixed capital,
FITNESS (Relevancy), noun acceptability, admissibility, fixed costs, fixed income, fixed liability, fixed salary, fixed
advisability, capability, capacity, compatibility, competency, term, fixed time
congruity, correctness, correspondence, desirability, due,
efficiency, eligibility, expedience, pertinence, propriety, FIXING A BID, verb bid-rigging, conspiracy to fix a bid,
qualification, worthiness contrived bidding, criminal act regarding a bid, criminal
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: fitness for a particular purpose under contrivance in a bid, fraudulence in a bid, illegal accommo-
product liability theories dation in a bid, illegal act regarding a bid, illegal action re-
garding a bid, illegal agreement regarding a bid, illegal ar-
FITTING, adjective adapted, appropriate, auspicious, rangement in a bid, illegal contrivances in a bid, illegal
becoming, convenient, correct, desirable, expedient, favor- consortium, illegal efforts to fix a bid, illegal maneuvering in
able, geared to, likely, opportune, proper, propitious, provi- a bid, illegal means to fix a bid, illegal measures to fix a bid,
dential, seasonable, seemly, suitable, suited, relevant, timely trumped-up provisions in a bid

FIX (Arrange), verb adjust, align, array, assign places to, FIXTURE, noun addition to realty, affixed to realty,
assort, bring into order, catalog, class, classify, codify, collo- attachment to realty, permanent attachment to real prop-
cate, constituere, coordinate, distribute, divide, establish, file, erty, something constructively affixed to real property,

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something immovable from realty, something physically meaning, expertise, feature, figure, gist, good point, heart,
annexed to realty impression, mannerism, mark, material issues, meaning,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: appurtenance, domestic fixtures, mold, nature, particularity, peculiarity, point of character,
equipment, irremovable fixtures, machinery, permanent property, quality, quintessence, redeeming feature, savor,
fixtures, removal of fixtures, trade fixtures shape, signature, singularity, sole, substance, sum and
substance, taste, trait
FLAGITIOUS, adjective abominable, accursed, amoral- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: the flavor of a holding, the flavor of an
istic, arrant, atrocious, bad, base, blameworthy, criminal, argument, the flavor of an issue
decadent, degenerate, depraved, diabolical, disgraceful,
dissolute, egregious, evil, execrable, facinorous, felonious, FLAVOR (Taste), noun appreciation, deliciousness,
flagrant, grievous, heinous, ignominious, immoral, impious, favor, like, palate, salty taste, savor, sense of taste, sharp
incarnate, inexcusable, inexpiable, infernal, iniquitous, taste, sour taste, sourness, spicy taste, sweet taste, sweet-
monstrous, nefarious, outrageous, profligate, reprehensi- ness, taste in the mouth
ble, reprobate, scandalous, shameful, shocking, sinister,
unprincipled, unrighteous, unscrupulous, vile, villainous, FLAW, noun blemish, blot, breach, crack, defacement,
wicked defect, deficiency, deformity, demerit, disfigurement, error,
failing, failure, fault, foible, frailty, gap, imperfection, imper-
FLAGRANT, adjective aiming for effect, apparent, ar- fectness, inferiority, infirmity, injury, limitation, loophole,
rant, audacious, blatant, bold, brazen, clear, conspicuous, maculation, marring feature, mendum, omission, patch, rift,
daring, done for effect, enormous, flagitious, flaming into shortcoming, stain, unevenness, vice, vitium, weak point,
notice, flashy, flaunting, glaring, gross, immodest, im- weak spot, weakness
pudens, infamous, loud, manifest, manifestus, monstrous, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: latent defect
nefarious, noticeable, notorious, obtrusive, obvious, open,
outrageous, outstanding, plain, prominent, pronounced, FLAWED, adjective below par, blemished, damaged,
scandalizing, scandalous, screaming, shameless, shocking, defective, deficient, fallible, faulty, impaired, imperfect, inad-
showy, striking, striving for effect, visible, wanton equate, incomplete, incorrect, inexact, insufficient, lacking,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: flagrant abuse of the law marred, peccable, sinister, soiled, vicious, deformed, de-
faced, scarred, unfinished, unsound, vulnerable, wanting
FLAIR, noun a way with, ability, acuity, acumen, acute- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: flawed argument
ness, adequacy, adroitness, aptitude, aptness, astuteness,
caliber, capability, capableness, capacity, competence, FLAWLESS, adjective absolute, best, complete, con-
competency, deftness, dexterity, discernment, efficacy, ef- summate, defectless, faultless, immaculate, impeccable,
ficiency, endowment, enthusiasm, equipment, expertness, infallible, intact, irreproachable, 100 percent, perfect, pre-
facility, faculty, felicity, fitness, flamboyance, gift, inclina- cise, pure, sound, spotless, unblemished, untainted, without
tion, innate ability, innate aptitude, instinct, keenness, blemish
knack, leaning, liveliness, long suit, natural gift, panache,
perception, percipience, perspicacity, potential, potential- FLEE, verb abandon, abscond, absent oneself, clear out,
ity, power, proclivity, proficiency, propensity, qualification, decamp, desert, disappear, effugere, escape, evacuate,
qualities, sagaciousness, sagacity, savvy, sharpness, showi- evade, fly, fugam petere, hasten away, hide, make an escape,
ness, shrewdness, skill, skillfulness, smartness, spirit, make off, play truant, remove oneself, retire, retreat, run, run
strength, strong flair, strong point, strong suit, style, suffi- away, run off, take flight, take to one’s heels, withdraw
ciency, susceptibility, talent, talents, tendency ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: flee from creditors, flee from justice,
unlawful flight to avoid prosecution
FLAMBOYANT, adjective affected, baroque, brave, braw,
bright, colorful, dazzling, elaborate, extravagant, fancy, flam- FLEETING EXPLETIVES, noun ephemeral indecency,
ing, flashy, flowery, frilled, frilly, fussy, garish, gaudy, glitzy, nonscripted verbal profanity, obscenity broadcast uninten-
grandiose, high-flown, high-flying, lofty, ornate, orotund, tionally, single inadvertent indecency, single indiscretion
ostentatious, overdone, pompous, pretentious, sensational,
sensationalistic, showy FLEXIBLE, adjective adaptable, adjustable, bendable,
bending, capable of conforming to new situations, capable
FLATULENT, adjective bombastic, bombastical, de- of responding to changing situations, disposed to yield,
clamatory, fustian, garrulous, grandiloquent, high-flown, in- ductile, easily bent, easily managed, elastic, facilis, flexibi-
flated, long-winded, mouthy, oratorical, orotund, pomp- lis, flexile, formable, lentus, limber, lissome, lithe, mallea-
ous, pretentious, prolix, rhetorical, talkative, tumid, turgid, ble, manageable, moldable, plastic, pliable, pliant, respon-
verbose, wordy sive, responsive to change, soft, stretchable, supple,
tractable, unexacting, unstrict, waxen, wieldy, willing to
FLAUNT, verb air, be conspicuous, be ostentatious, be yield to influence of others, willowy, yielding
showy, boast, brag, brandish, display, display oneself
boldly, display with effrontery, exhibit, exhibit boastfully, FLIGHT, noun absconding, avoidance, decampment,
flash, flourish, gloat, lactare, make a gaudy display, make a departing, departure, desertion, disappearance, effugium,
show of, make a showy appearance, make a spectacle, make elusion, escaping, evacuation, evasion, exodus, fleeing,
a splash, make a splurge, ostentare, parade, parade con- fuga, hasty departure, hegira, leaving, removal, retreat,
spicuously, put forth, put forward, shake, show, show off, running away
sport, spotlight, strut, swagger, vaunt, wave, wave brazenly, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: flight from justice, fugitive from jus-
wave conspicuously, wave ostentatiously, wear tice, unlawful flight to avoid prosecution

FLAVOR (Essence), noun attributes, character, charac- FLIMFLAM, noun a pack of lies, artifice, bamboozle-
teristic, configuration, core, distinctive features, essential ment, befooling, bluffing, calculated deception, circumven-

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tion, conning, deceiving, deception, deceptiveness, defraud- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: floor plan in zoning and construction
ing, delusion, delusiveness, dupery, empty talk, enmeshment, laws, hacking the floor in parliamentary procedure,
ensnarement, fallaciousness, falseness, falsity, fiction, fool- minimum wage
ing, fraud, illusion, legal fiction, mirage, pretense, prevarica-
tion, trickery, trumped-up story, willful misconception FLOUT, verb affront, be contemptuous of, be disre-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bunco, confidence games, fraud spectful, be scornful, care nothing for, cavillari, contemn,
defy, deride, despise, disdain, disregard, esteem slightly,
FLIP-FLOP, verb about face, adoption, afterthoughts, feel contempt for, fleer, gibe, hold in contempt, hold in
backsliding, change like a chameleon, change of heart, derision, hold in disrespect, hold up to scorn, insult, jeer,
change of mind, conversion, defection, diametrically op- laugh at, ludificari, mock, outrage, rail at, revile, ridicule,
posed stance, divergence, diversion, 180-degree about scoff, scorn, set no store by, show contempt for, slight, sneer,
face, qualification, realignment, regression, restructuring, spurn, take no account of, treat with contempt, treat with
reversal, reversion, temporizer, tergiversation, turn of the disdain, view with a scornful eye
tide, turnabout
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: flip-flop on a political stance FLOW, verb become, develop, go, journey, meander,
move, pass, proceed, progress, roam, run, travel, turn
FLOAT, verb announce, attempt, buoy, buoy up, insti- into, voyage
gate, issue, launch, offer, present, project, promote, propel,
sell, set in motion, try FLUCTUATE, verb alter, alternate, be changeful, be inter-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: float a bond, float an idea or a concept mittent, be periodic, be unsteady, change, change continu-
ously, fluctuare, intermit, move in waves, pendulate, rise and
FLOOD (Abundance), noun a sufficiency, affluence, fall, shift, show variety, swing, vary, wave, waver
ampleness, amplitude, an ample amount, an ample supple,
avalanche, bonanza, bounteousness, bountifulness, bumper FLUFF, noun elusive support, ephemeral content, fleet-
crop, copiousness, full measure, fullness, generosity, gen- ing analysis, immaterial substance, inadequate analysis,
erousness, glut, great abundance, landslide, lavishness, momentary analysis, no substance, passing consideration,
much, outpouring, overbrim, overbrimming, overburden, smoke and mirrors, support that is vaporizing, temporal
overcharge, overflow, overload, plenty, plethora, profuse- consideration, thin content, trifle, triviality
ness, profusion, saturation, superabundance, surfeit
FLUID, adjective able to adapt, adaptable, adjustable, al-
FLOOD (Deluge), noun avalanche, burst of rain, catastro- terable, alterative, continuous, flexible, fluent, impermanent,
phe, cloudburst, downfall, downpour, drenching rain, driving inconstant, liquid, malleable, mobile, modifiable, movable,
rain, groundwater, heavy rain, heavy shower, inundation, ongoing, resilient, solvent, transient, transitory
massive amounts of rain, massive amounts of raising ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: cash flow
groundwater, pelting rain, pouring rain, rainfall, rainstorm,
rainwater, raising water, sheets of rain, spurt of rain, storm, FLUKE, noun accident, blunder, bungle, chance good
streams of rain, thundershower, thunderstorm, torrent of fortune, chance happening, chance misfortune, chance oc-
rain, torrential downpour, torrential rain currence, error, fortuity, lucky situation, miscalculation,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: FEMA, National Flood Insurance misconception, misinterpretation, misjudgment, misread-
Program ing, misunderstanding, once in a lifetime occurrence, ran-
dom achievement, random luck, random mistake, random
FLOOD (Overabundance), noun barrage, cataclysm, success, stroke of bad luck, stroke of misfortune
engulfment, excess, flux, glut, influx, inundation, landslide,
overabundance, overage, overflow, overkill, superfluity, FLUVIAL, adjective along the river banks, coursing, dif-
surfeit, surplus, torrent fluent, eddying, flowing, fluent, fluid, fluidic, fluviatic, flu-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: a flood of cases viatile, fluvicoline, from the river, riparian, riverine, rivery,
rolling, running, streaming, streamy, surging
FLOOD (Water), noun appointed hour, bankruptcy,
brink of disaster, budgetary crisis, call to action, climax, FOCAL POINT, noun arena, attraction, axis, base, capi-
crisis point, critical juncture, critical point, crossroad, crucial tal, center, center of activity, center of attention, center of
point, day of decision, D-day, drop-dead date, economic attraction, center of focus, center of interest, central, central
crisis, final date before disaster, financial precipice, fiscal point, centrality, converging point, core, cynosure, epicen-
emergency, moment of truth, outside date, precipice fiscal ter, essence, eye, focus, ground zero, heart, highlight, hot
dilemma, turning point, urgency, vital moment, zero hour spot, hotbed, hub, locus, mecca, nerve center, nexus, nu-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: budget cuts, deficit, sequestration cleus, point, point of convergence, quintessence, seat, soul,
vortex
FLOODGATE, noun allow in massive problems, avoid-
ance, circumvention, colossal opening, door, escape, eva- FOCUS, noun arena, center, center of activity, center of
sion, exhaust, exit, inundation, means, moat, open faucet, attention, center of attraction, center of consciousness, center
open flood hatch, open gate, opening, outlet, overflow, of interest, central point, centrality, convergence, converging
provide a wide opening, release, safety valve, spout, vent point, focal point, gathering place, goal, heart, hub, objective,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: immigration, open the floodgates point of concentration, point of convergence
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: target of an investigation
FLOOR, noun base, basis, bedrock, bottom, flooring,
foundation, fundamental basis, girder, ground, groundwork, FOCUS, verb attend, attend minutely, bring into focus,
jumping off point, premise, principle, rudiment, starting bring the mind to bear upon, bring together, center, central-
point, support, supporting structure, underlying principle, ize, come to a point, concenter, concentrate on, concen-
underpinning basis trate the mind, concentrate the thoughts, direct one’s

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thoughts to, direct toward one object, examine closely, fix results, get, obtain, perform, produce, realize, take the
on, fix the thoughts upon, give attention, give the mind to, necessary measures
look to, meditate upon, occupy the thoughts with, regard ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: attach, contempt, execution, filing a
carefully, render central judgment, filing an appeal, order of the court
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: focus an investigation on a suspect
FOLLOW-UP, noun by-product, completion, conse-
FOE, noun adversarius, adversary, adverse party, antago- quence, result, sequel
nist, armed enemy, assailant, attacker, belligerent, bitter
enemy, combatant, competitor, contender, contestant, de- FOLLOW UP, verb accomplished, be thorough, carry
tractor, disputant, enemy, fighter, foeman, hostile person, through, complete, conduct, develop, discharge, end, ex-
hostis, inimicus, one who is unfriendly, one who opposes, ecute, finalize, finish, follow through, gain a determination,
open enemy, opponent, opposer, opposing party, opposite gain finality, gain results, go through with, handle, manage,
camp, opposite side, other side, outlaw, public enemy, oversee, perform, prosecute to a conclusion, pursue, scru-
public opponent, rival, sworn enemy tinize closely, see through, supervise, transact

FOIBLE, noun blemish, defect, deficiency, demerit, fail- FOLLOWING, adjective ensuing, next, resulting, subse-
ing, failure, fault, flaw, frailty, frailty of character, human quent, succeeding, successive
weakness, imperfection, lack, limitation, moral weakness, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: following form doctrine
need, problem, room for improvement, shortcoming, vice,
vitium, want, weak point, weak side, weakness, weakness FOLLY, noun absurdity, absurdness, act of folly, blooper,
of character blunder, eccentricity, excessiveness, extravagance, foolery,
foolishness, frivolity, frivolousness, gaffe, humor, humorous-
FOIL, verb baffle, balk, be obstructive, bring to naught, ness, indiscretion, ineptitude, insanity, laughableness, ludi-
cause to be nugatory, check, confound, counter, counteract, crousness, lunacy, madness, mindlessness, nonsense, non-
countermine, cripple, crush, dash, dash one’s hopes, defeat, sensicality, nonsensicalness, oddity, oddness, senselessness,
disable, disappoint, disrupt, eludere, frustrate, get in the way shallowness, strangeness, stupidity, thoughtlessness, triviality
of, hamper, hinder, impede, intercept, keep from being suc-
cessful, nip, obstruct, override, prevent, render vain, re- FOMENT, verb abet, agitate, aid, arouse, awaken, call
strain, retard, ruin, spoil, stultify, subdue, thwart, under- forth, encourage, engender, enkindle, excite, ferment, fire,
mine, upset, vanquish foster, fovere, galvanize, goad, impassion, incite, infect, in-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: foil a crime flame, infuse life into, inspirit, instigate, kindle, promote,
provoke, rouse, set astir, stimulate, stir, stir up, urge, wake
FOIST, verb apply pressure, beguile, coerce, compel, up, waken, work up
compel to accept, constrain, deceive, fob off on, force, force
upon, gull, impose, impose by fraud, inflict, insert surrepti- FONDNESS, noun adoration, adulation, affection, affin-
tiously, palm off, palm off fraudulently, pass off as genuine, ity, allegiance, appetite, appreciation, ardor, attachment,
put in slyly, put in stealthily, subdere, supponere, thrust upon craving, crush, deification, desire, devotedness, devotion,
surreptitiously, trick eagerness, enthusiasm, esteem, estimation, faithfulness,
fancy, favor, fealty, fervor, fidelity, fondness, idolatry, idol-
FOLLOW (Be behind), verb be after, bring up the rear, ization, infatuation, like, liking, longing, loyalty, lust, partial-
chase, come after, fall back, fall behind, fall behind, follow ity, passion, preference, regard, relish, respect, steadfast-
after, follow up, get behind, go after, go behind, harass, ness, taste, worship, yearning, zeal
hound, hunt, lag behind, on the footsteps of, on the heels
of, pursue, search, seek, shadow, straggle, succeed, FOOD, noun bread, comestibles, diet, dish, edibles,
track, trail feast, feed, foodstuffs, meal, nourishment, nurture, nutriment,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: follows the property, priorities in plate, platter, provender, provisions, refreshments, repast,
bankruptcy, recording statutes serving, spread, supplies, sustenance, viands, victuals, vittles

FOLLOW (Conform), verb abide by, accept as an au- FOOL, verb bamboozle, beguile, bluff, buffalo, cheat,
thority, accord, adhere to, adopt, ape, attend to, be consis- con, cozen, delude, dupe, fake out, fleece, hoax, hood-
tent with, be guided by, be in keeping, comply, comply wink, hustle, misguide, misinform, mislead, play a joke,
with, copy, copy after, copycat, do as, do like, echo, emu- scam, shortchange, snow, stint, string along, sucker, swin-
late, follow in the footsteps of, follow in the steps of, follow dle, take in, tease, trick
in the wake of, follow like sheep, follow suit, follow the ex-
ample of, give allegiance to, harmonize, heed, hold fast, FOOLISH, adjective absurd, beyond belief, bizarre,
imitate, jump on the bandwagon, match, mimic, mind, mir- crazy, illogical, improper, inappropriate, incorrect, incredi-
ror, model after, model on, note, obey, observe, pattern ble, ludicrous, monstrous, not advisable, not smart, outland-
after, pattern on, play follow the leader, put oneself in an- ish, outrageous, preposterous, ridiculous, senseless, unfit-
other’s shoes, reflect, regard, shape after, simulate, string ting, unseemly, unsuitable, unwise, weird, wrong
along, take a leaf out of one’s book, take after, take as a
model, walk in the shoes of, yield to FOOTNOTE, noun additional information, afterthought,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: follow precedence, follow the dic- annotation, citation, comment, commentary, definition,
tates of the court elucidation, exegesis, explanation, explication, gloss, illus-
tration, interpretation, notation, note, observation, refer-
FOLLOW THROUGH, verb accomplish, achieve, act, ence, remark, reminder, statement
attain, be instrumental, bring to fruition, conclude, decide,
determine, discharge, effectuate, enforce, execute, find a FOR, conjunction as, as a result of, associated with,
method, find the means, find the way, fulfill, gain, gain because of, by reason of, caused by, concerning, due to,

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for the sake of, in consideration of, in contemplation of, in compelled to obey. Nihil consensui tam contrarium est
favor of, in furtherance of, in pursuance of, in spite of, in quam vis atque metus. Nothing is so opposed to consent
support of, in the direction of, in the interest of, instead of, as force and fear.
on account of, on behalf of, on the part of, to the extent of,
toward, with a view to, with regard to, with respect to FORCE (Legal efficacy), noun authorized might, lawful
power, lawful vigor, legal vitality, legitimate puissance,
FOR CAUSE, adverb for legitimate reason, for just rea- rightful strength, sanctioned effectiveness, sanctioned po-
son, with cause, with justification tency, statutory cogency, valid potentiality

FORAY, noun aggression, armed attack, attack, brig- FORCE (Strength), noun ability, ableness, ascendancy,
andage, depredation, drive, hostile invasion, incursion, in- authoritativeness, brawn, capability, cogency, command,
imical descent, inroad, invasion, looting, maraud, offense, competence, consequence, control, domination, domin-
offensive, pillaging, plundering, predatory incursion, push, ion, effectiveness, effectuality, efficacy, empowerment,
raid, ransack, razzia, sack, sudden attack, thrust enablement, endurance, energy, firmness, forcefulness,
hardiness, impact, impetus, importance, influence, influ-
FORBEAR, verb abstain, be patient, be temperate, be entiality, intensity, manus, mastery, might, mightiness,
tolerant, bear with, break off, cease, decline, delay enforcing omnipotence, physical power, potence, potency, power,
rights, deny oneself, desist from, dispense with, do without, powerfulness, predominance, pressure, primacy, profi-
endure, forgo, hold back, hold in abeyance, hold off, keep ciency, stamina, supremacy, sway, vigor, vigorousness,
back, keep from, leave off, not proceed with, put up with, virulence, vis, vitality
refrain, refrain from action, renounce, restrain, sacrifice, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: armed force, constructive force, exces-
stop, submit, submit without complaint, suffer, supersedere, sive force, intervening force, physical force, superior force,
temperare, tolerate, treat with indulgence, wait, waive, threats of force, unnecessary force, unreasonable force
withhold, withhold action FOREIGN PHRASES: Vim vi repellere licet, modo fiat modera-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: forbearance as consideration mine inculpatae tutelae, non ad sumendam vindictam,
sed ad propulsandam injuriam. It is lawful to repel force
FORBEARANCE, noun absolution, abstention, accep- by force, provided it be done with the moderation of
tance, amenability, benevolence, charity, clemency, empa- blameless defense, not for the purpose of taking revenge,
thy, favor, forgiving, grace, lenience, leniency, lenity, mer- but to repel injury.
cifulness, passivity, quarter, restraint, settlement, sufferance,
tolerance FORCE (Break), verb batter, breach, crack, disjoint, fissure,
inrumpere, invade, pry, rend, rive, rupture, shatter, smash,
FORBID, verb ban, bar, block, check, command not to do, split, strain, tear asunder, wrench
debar, declare illegal, deny, deny permission, deprive, deter,
disallow, disapprove, discountenance, discourage, enjoin, FORCE (Coerce), verb apply pressure, cause to yield,
exclude, forfend, hinder, impede, inhibit, interdicere, interdict, command, compel, constrain, control, demand, enforce,
make forbidden, not allow, obstruct, oppose, order not to do, enforce obedience, enjoin, enslave, enthrall, exercise power
outlaw, preclude, prevent, prohibit, proscribe, put under an over, exprimere, extorquere, extort, impose, insist, make
injunction, refuse, refuse approval, refuse consent, refuse to obligatory, necessitate, obligate, oblige, order, overpower,
allow, refuse to authorize, refuse to give permission, refuse to overwhelm, press, push, put under obligation, require, tax,
permit, render impossible, restrain, restrict, stop, taboo, veto, urge, use violence
withhold consent, withhold permission
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: disallow a claim, mala prohibita, pro- FORCEFUL (Persuasive), adjective absolute, arresting,
hibit by an administrative agency, prohibition authoritative, categorical, compelling, conclusive, control-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Qui non prohibet id quod prohibere po- ling, convincing, decided, decisive, definitive, determined,
test assentire videtur. He who does not forbid what he is dominating, domineering, dynamic, effective, energetic,
able to prevent is deemed to assent. firm, fixed, formidable, important, insistent, intransigent,
marked, obdurate, pertinent, pointed, potent, resolute, re-
FORCE (Compulsion), noun arbitrary power, authority, sounding, satisfying, significant, sound, stable, stalwart,
coaction, coercion, command, compulsion, constraining staunch, striking, substantial, telling, tenacious, tough, tren-
power, constraint, constriction, control, demand, dictation, chant, unambiguous, unyielding, valid, vehement, vigor-
discipline, drive, duress, enforcement, exaction, impelling, ous, weighty, well-founded
imposition, impressment, inducement, insistence, martial
law, necessitation, necessitude, necessity, need, oppression, FORCEFUL (Strong), adjective able, capable, enduring,
persuasion, pressure, prevailing, repression, restraint, re- full-blooded, hard, hearty, heavy, heavy-duty, immovable,
striction, sanction, spur of necessity, stress, strict control, ironclad, muscular, overpowering, powerful, secure, solid,
subjection, subjugation, urgency, vehemence strong, sturdy, vigorous, vivacious
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: ejectment by force, forced merger,
forced payment, forced sale FORCIBLE, adjective aggressive, authoritative, binding,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Vis legibus est inimica. Force is inimical brought about by force, coercive, commanding, compelling,
to the laws. Quod alias bonum et justum est, si per vim compulsory, controlling, convincing, dominant, done by
vel fraudem petatur, malum et injustum efficitur. What force, drastic, emphatic, energetic, enforced, forceful, full of
otherwise is good and just, becomes bad and unjust if it is power, full of strength, having a strong effect, having force,
sought by force and fraud. Non videtur vim facere, qui having great strength, impelling, impressive, incumbent,
jure suo utitur et ordinaria actione experitur. He is not influential, intense, invincible, oppressive, per vim factus,
considered to use force who exercises his own right, and powerful, predominant, prepotent, prevailing, producing a
proceeds by ordinary action. Ejus nulla culpa est, cui powerful effect, required, resistless, strong, vehement,
parere necesse sit. No guilt attaches to a person who is vigorous, violent, wielding power

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ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: defilement, forcible detainer, forcible FOREGOING, adjective above, above-mentioned, afore-
dispossession, forcible entry, forcible repossession, forcible mentioned, antecedent, before-mentioned, earlier, early,
trespass, rape, sodomy first, former, last, latter, named, older, precedent, preced-
ing, preexistent, preliminary, previously referred to, previ-
FOREBODE, verb admonish, allude, anticipate, augur, ously stated, prior, referred to above, referred to earlier,
betoken, connote, divine, forecast, foresee, foreshadow, referred to previously, senior
foretell, forewarn, harbinger, hint, imply, indicate, insinuate,
intimate, portend, predict, prefigure, presage, presignify, FOREGONE CONCLUSION, noun forejudgment, fore-
prognosticate, promise, prophesy, signify, suggest, warn ordination, inevitable result, onesidedness, partiality, pre-
conceived idea, preconclusion, predecision, predesigned
FOREBODING, adjective anxiety filled, anxiousness, conclusion, predetermination, predetermined conclusion,
apprehension, apprehensiveness, concerning, dark, disqui- predilection, predisposition, prejudged conclusion, pre-
eting, disquietude, distressing, disturbing, dreading, fear- judgment, prejudice, prejudiced view, prenotion, preordi-
ful, foreshadowed, ill-omened, inauspicious, intimidating, nation, prepossession, presentiment, presupposal, pre-
menacing, nervous, ominous, perturbing, portentous, pre- supposition, presurmise
monitory, tension provoking, threatening, troubling, unfa-
vorable, unpropitious, upsetting, vexatious, warning FOREIGN, adjective adventicius, alien, attached to an-
other jurisdiction, belonging to another country, detached,
FOREBODING, noun alarm, anticipation, anxiety, ap- different, disconnected, dissociated, distant, externus, ex-
prehensive, augury, care, caution, concern, disquiet, doubt, traneous, extrinsic, independent, nonresident, not indige-
dread, fear, forecast, foreknowledge, foreshadowing, fore- nous, not native, outside, peregrine, peregrinus, remote,
sight, hint, impression, inkling, misgiving, nervousness, separate, strange, subject to another jurisdiction, unaffili-
omen, perturbation, portent, prediction, presage, pre- ated, unallied, unassociated, unconnected, unfamiliar, unre-
science, presentiment, prognosis, prophecy, sign, suspi- lated, unusual, without connection
cion, threat, unease, warning, worry ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS : foreign bills, foreign commerce,
foreign corporation, foreign divorce, foreign judgment,
FORECAST, noun actuarial prediction, all beforehand, foreign jurisdiction, foreign laws, foreign notes, foreign
anticipation, augur, augury, conjecture, consideration, con- patents, foreign state
templation, design, determine, discretion, divination, envis-
agement, envisionment, estimate, estimation, farseeing- FOREIGN LANGUAGE RIGHTS, noun foreign interpreta-
ness, farsightedness, feeling, figure out, forebode, tion rights, foreign translation rights, nonresidential transla-
foreboding, forecasting, foreglance, foregleam, foreglimpse, tion rights
forehandedness, foreknowing, foreseeing, foresight, fore-
sightedness, foretelling, forewarn, fortunetelling, gauge, FOREJUDGE, verb assume, be prejudiced, be rash,
guess, guesswork, guestimation, hunch, improbability, in- decide in advance, determine in advance, have a bias, have
ference, longsightedness, looking ahead, omen, plan, plan a prejudice, have a prepossession, judge beforehand, judge
ahead, portend, prediction, prefiguration, prefigurement, in advance, jump to a conclusion, preconceive, preconclude,
prefiguring, preparation, prepublication, presage, presag- predecide, predetermine, prejudge, prejudicate, prepos-
ing, presentiment, preshowing, presignifying, presigning, sess, presume, presuppose, presurmise
preview, prevision, probability, prognosis, prognostication,
prophesy, prophesying, prospect, prospection, sagacity, FOREMAN, noun chairman of a jury, chief, commander,
soothsaying, statistical prediction director, head, leader, manager of the jury, master, member
of the jury, overseer, presiding juryman, superintendent,
FORECLOSE (Action to seize property), verb enforce- supervisor
ment of a lien through the judiciary, extinguish rights ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: grand jury foreman, petit jury fore-
through the judiciary, extinguish the equity of redemption man, trial jury foreman
through the judiciary, remove rights through the judiciary,
seize by judicial process, transfer ownership by judicial FOREMOST, adjective best, cardinal, central, chief,
process, transfer ownership rights by judicial process, commanding, critical, crowning, dominant, eminent, es-
transfer title by judicial process sential, famous, first, important, in the forefront, influential,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: deed in lieu of foreclosure initial, leading, main, major, notable, noteworthy, original,
outstanding, paramount, preceding, predominant, preemi-
FORECLOSE (Extinguish), verb bar, deprive, destroy nent, premier, preponderant, prevailing, primal, primary,
equity of redemption, disentitle, divest, forfeit, halt, re- prime, principal, professional, prominent, rated, renowned,
move, shut out, stop, terminating rights ruling, salient, stellar, superior, superlative, uppermost, vital
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: foreclosure opportunity, statute of
limitations, statutory foreclosure, strict foreclosure FORENSIC, adjective adapted to argumentation, argu-
able, argumentative, barristerial, belonging to courts of justice,
FORECLOSURE, noun confiscation, deprivation, disen- belonging to debate, capable of being debated, concerning
titlement, dislodgment, dispossession, distraint, distress, di- the law, contentious, contestable, controversial, controvertible,
vestment, enforcement of mortgage, eviction, expropriation, discursive, disputable, disputative, fitted for legal argumenta-
expulsion, forfeiture, legal enforcement of a lien, privation, tion, fitted for public argumentation, forensis, iudicialis, iuridi-
process of extinguishment of rights, removal, suit to extin- cialis, judicatory, judicial, jural, juridic, juridical, jurisdictional,
guish the equity of redemption jurisprudential, juristic, lawful, learned in the law, legal, legalis-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: ejectment, foreclosure decree, fore- tic, litigious, open to discussion, pertaining to the courts, per-
closure of a lien, foreclosure of a mortgage, foreclosure of taining to the law, polemical, proper to public debate, solicito-
collateral, foreclosure proceedings, foreclosure sale, re- rial, statutory, subject to contention, subject to controversy
demption by purchaser ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: forensic medicine

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FORERUNNER, noun ancestor, antecedent, antecessor, provision, purpose, resolution, resolve, scheme, shrewdness,
auspice, forebear, harbinger, herald, leader, messenger, strategy, thought beforehand, thoughtfulness, volition, will,
omen, pioneer, portent, praenuntius, precedent, precursor, willfulness
predecessor, preface, prefigurement, presage, progenitor, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: malice
scout, sign, vanguard, warning
FOREWARN, verb admonish beforehand, advise, advise
FORESEE, verb anticipate, augur, await, be clairvoyant, against, advise beforehand, alarm, alert, alert to danger, augur,
be provident, conjecture, contemplate, divine, envisage, caution, caution against danger, caution beforehand, caution
envision, expect, forecast, forebode, foretell, look ahead, in advance, counsel, deter, discourage, dissuade, exhort, ex-
look forward, preconceive, predict, presage, prognosticate, postulate, forbid, forebode, forecast, foreshadow, foreshow,
promise, prophesy, show foresight, surmise, vaticinate give fair warning, give intimation of impending evil, give
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: foreseeability as proximate cause notice, give previous notice to, give previous warning to,
give warning of possible harm, inform, make acquainted
FORESEEABLE, adjective anticipatable, anticipated, cal- with, make aware, notify, offer a word of caution, ominate,
culable, contemplated, counted upon, expected, fore- portend, praemonere, predict, prefigure, premonish, prepare,
casted, foreknowable, foreseen, foretellable, known in ad- presage, preshow, prewarn, prognosticate, prophesy, put on
vance, looked for, perceived, planned, praesciens, guard, signal, threaten, urge against, urge to take heed, va-
predictable, predicted, probable, prophesied, reasonably ticinate, warn, warn beforehand, warn in advance
anticipated, to be expected, vaticinal ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: abandon a crime, forseeability, notice
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: duty to anticipate, forseeability in con-
sidering proximate cause, forseeable dangers, forseeable FORFEIT, verb abandon, abdicate, abjure, alienate by
injury, forseeable risk, last clear chance breach of condition, be deprived of, capitulate, cede, con-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Nemo tenetur divinare. No man is bound cede, default, deliver up, demit, disgorge, escheat, fail to
to foretell or to have foreknowledge of a future event. keep, fail to retain, forgo, forswear, give away, give up, give
Rerum progressus ostendunt multa, quae in initio up claim to, give up the argument, give up the point, incur a
praecaveri seu praevide ri non possunt. In the course of loss, let go, let slip, lose, lose an opportunity, lose by breach
events, many problems arise which at the beginning could of condition, lose by default, lose by failure to appear, meet
not be guarded against or foreseen. with a loss, part with, put aside, quit, re multari, relinquish,
rem amittere, renounce, repudiate, sacrifice, surrender, waive,
FORESEEN, adjective anticipated, awaited, expected, withdraw, yield
forecast, foretold, looked for, predicted, presaged, pre- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: forfeit a bond, forfeit a deposit, forfeit bail
sumed, promised, prophesied
FORFEITURE (Act of forfeiting), noun confiscation, depri-
FORESHADOW, verb adumbrate, augur, auspicate, be- vation, deprivation of a right, destruction of a right, disen-
token, bode, divine, forebode, forecast, forewarn, herald, franchisement, disentitlement, dispossession, divestiture of
point to, portend, precurse, predestine, predict, prefigure, property, divestment, eviction, exaction, expropriation,
premonstrate, presage, preshow, presignify, prognosti- forcible seizure, foreclosure, involuntary loss of right, loss of
cate, promise, prophesy, threaten, vaticinate, warn right, punishment, seizure, seizure of a privilege
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: action for forfeiture, forfeiture clause,
FORESIGHT, noun acumen, anticipation, astuteness, forfeiture of bail, forfeiture of bond, forfeiture of deposit,
boding, clairvoyance, diligence, discernment, discretion, ex- forfeiture of office, forfeiture provision, redemption of
pectation, forecast, forethought, insight, omen, perception, property forfeitured, relief from forfeiture, right of forfei-
perspicacity, portent, precaution, precognition, precon- ture, tax forfeiture
ception, prediction, premeditation, premonition, prenotion, FOREIGN PHRASES: Nullus jus alienum forisfacere potest.
preparation, presagement, prescience, presentiment, pre- No man can forfeit the right of another.
vision, prognosis, prognostication, prospect, providence,
prudence, sagacity, second sight, sense, shrewdness, vatici- FORFEITURE (Thing forfeited), noun amercement, cost,
nation, vision, wisdom fine, loss, loss consequent to a default, mulct, pecuniary pen-
alty, penal retribution, penalization, penalty, punishment
FORESTALL, verb act in advance, antevertere, anticipate,
arrest, avert, avoid, await, be armed, be forewarned, bring to FORFEITURE BY WRONGDOING, noun defendant’s
a standstill, cancel, censor, check, counteract, deter, disallow, responsibility for witness unavailability, forfeiture of hearsay
enjoin, estop, filibuster, forbid, forfend, frustrate, halt, hinder, objection due to intentional unavailability of witness
hold back, impede, inhibit, intercept, interfere, intervene, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: exception to the Sixth Amendment
look forward to, make provisions, obstruct, obviate, praeci- Confrontation Clause
pere, praevenire, preclude, prepare for, prevent, prohibit,
provide against, stave off, stay, stifle, stop, stymie, suppress, FORGE (Counterfeit), verb commit forgery, copy fraud-
suspend, take precautions, thwart, veto, wait for, ward off ulently, fake, falsify, feign, imitate, imitate falsely, imitate
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: forestall an action fraudulently, issue counterfeit money, make a spurious
copy of, produce counterfeit money, reproduce fraudu-
FORETHOUGHT, noun advance planning, aim, anticipa- lently, simulate, subicere, supponere
tion, calculation, circumspection, consideration, consider- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: forged check, forged instrument
ation in advance, contemplation, deliberate intention, delib-
eration, design, direction, distinct purpose, fixed purpose, FORGE (Produce), verb actualize, bring into being, bring
intent, intention, plan, planned course of action, planning into existence, build, cause, compose, concoct, construct,
ahead, plot, preconsideration, predeliberation, predetermina- contrive, create, develop, devise, efform, evolve, fabricate,
tion, premeditation, previous consideration, previous design, fashion, form, formulate, frame, hammer out, invent, make,
previous reflection, prior planning, prior thought, providentia, manufacture, model, mold, originate, put together, shape

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FORGERY, noun copy, counterfeit, counterfeiting, de- FORM AN OPINION, verb adjudge, adjudicate, arbi-
ception, fake, false fabrication, falsification, fraud, fraudulence, trate, come to a conclusion, conclude, construe, decide,
fraudulent document, imitation, imposition, imposture, mis- decree, deduce, derive, extrapolate, finalize, find, gather,
representation, sham, subiectio hammer out, interpret, philosophize, rationalize, read, rea-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: alteration of instruments, false entry, son, rule, select, settle, understand, work out
forged check, forged instrument, fraud
FORMAL, adjective accepted, according to established
FORGET (Forgive), verb absolve, acquit, allow, clear, form, affected, approved, businesslike, ceremonial, ceremo-
condone, disregard, exculpate, excuse, exempt, exoner- nious, confirmed, conventional, customary, decorous, fixed,
ate, give amnesty, ignore, misremember, overpass, par- following established custom, following established form,
don, pass over, release, remit, reprieve, settle, turn a blind following established rules, formalis, formalistic, in accor-
eye, unlearn dance with conventional requirements, inflexible, man-
nered, observant of form, official, polite, pompous, pre-
FORGET (Neglect), verb abandon, blank, brush, desert, scriptive, prim, proper, reserved, rigid, ritual, ritualistic, set,
disappoint, dismiss, drop, fail, fail to recall, fail to remem- starched, stiff, stilted, systematic, traditional, unbending,
ber, leave, let down, lose, miss, misremember, neglect, uncompromising
omit, overlook, shirk, slack, slight, snub, unable to recall ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: formal acceptance, formal charges,
formal defect, formal party
FORGIVE, verb absolve, acquit, bear no malice, cancel,
clear, condonare, condone, exculpate, excuse, exempt, FORMALITY, noun ceremonial rite, ceremoniousness,
exonerate, forget, give absolution, grant amnesty, grant ceremony, convention, conventionality, correctness, cus-
pardon, ignoscere, overlook, palliate, pardon, reprieve, tom, decorum, established mode, etiquette, formalness,
shrive, vindicate observance of form, outward form, prescribed form, pro-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: executive pardon, forgiveness of debt priety, punctilio, rigidity, rigidness, rite, ritual, ritus, rule
of proceeding, set form, settled method, solemnity, stiff-
FORGO, verb abandon, abdicate, abjure, abnegate, ab- ness, stiltedness
stain from, avoid, bypass, cast aside, cast off, cease, cede, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: formalities in executing a will
decline, deny oneself, desist from, dimittere, discard, discon-
tinue, dismiss, dispense with, dispose of, do without, drop, FORMALIZE, verb conventionalize, form, give form to,
eliminate, eschew, forbear, forfeit, forsake, forswear, give up, give formal approval to, give formal status to, legalize, le-
give up claim to, give up the right to, go without, hold back, gitimate, legitimatize, make formal, make official, make
hold off, keep aloof from, keep away from, keep from, lay valid, ritualize, shape, solemnize, validate
aside, lay down, leave, leave off, let alone let pass, make do ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: formalize an agreement
without, not use, omit, part with, pass, quit, refrain from, re-
fuse, reject, release, relinquish, renounce, renounce claim to, FORMAT, noun anatomy, appearance, arrangement,
reserve, resign, rid oneself of, sacrifice, shun, sign away, stop, blueprint, completed form, composition, configuration, con-
surrender, swear off, throw aside, waive, withdraw from, formation, contents, contour, creation, design, figuration,
withhold, write off, yield, yeild up finished form, form, layout, look, makeup, mode, model,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: forgo interest owed, forgo opportunity plan, shape, sketch, structure, structuring, style, type, variety

FORM (Arrangement), noun array, ceremony, class, clas- FORMATION, noun arrangement, array, coinage, com-
sification, custom, design, distribution, efformation, estab- position, concoction, configuration, conformatio, conforma-
lished practice, facies, fashion, figura, forma, formality, for- tion, construction, creation, efformation, establishment, fab-
mat, formation, formula, formulary, grouping, kind, manner, rication, figuration, forma, format, foundation, generation,
method, mode, model, order, organization, outline, pattern, genesis, institution, invention, layout, manufacture, order,
plan, procedure, regimentation, regularity, rite, ritual, scheme, organization, origination, production, structure, synthesis,
shape, sort, style, system, systematization, type, way systematization
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: form of action, objections to form
FOREIGN PHRASES: Si aliquid ex solemnibus deficiat, cum FORMER, adjective antecedent, bygone, earlier, erst-
aequitas poscit, subveniendum est. If anything is deficient while, foregoing, late, past, preceding, preexistent, previous,
in formal requisites, where equity requires it, it should be sup- prior, pristinus, quondam, retired, whilom
plied. Forma legalis forma essentialis. Legal form is essen- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: former adjudication, former conviction,
tial form. Forma non observata, infertur adnullatio actus. former jeopardy, former marriage, former trial, former will
If form is not observed, it is inferred that the act is a nullity.
FORMIDABLE, adjective alarming, appalling, arduous,
FORM (Document), noun blank, card, copy, data sheet, awe-inspiring, awesome, dangerous, deterring, difficult, dis-
information blank, instrument, muniment, questionary, turbing, dreadful, exciting fear, fear-inspiring, fearful, fierce,
questionnaire, record, reference form, register, registry, formidolosus, frightening, frightful, hard to overcome, hor-
report, standard letter, written document rible, horrifying, huge, indomitable, menacing, overpower-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: legal forms, standard form ing, overwhelming, redoubtable, terrible, terrifying, threaten-
ing, unconquerable, unnerving, unyielding
FORM, verb arrange, assemble, build, compose, con-
formare, construct, contrive, create, design, devise, em- FORMULA, noun avenue, axiom, canon, code, crite-
body, establish, fabricari, fabricate, fashion, figurare, forge, rion, expedient, fixed expression, form, formulary, maxim,
formulate, frame, give shape to, initiate, make, manufac- method, mode, model, phrase, postulate, prescribed pro-
ture, materialize, mold, organize, produce, put together, cedure, prescription, principle, proposition, recipe, rubric,
shape, structure rule, standard, theorem, usage
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: form a corporation ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: formula instruction

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FORMULATE, verb arrange, compose, devise, draft, draw FORTUITY, noun accident, accidentalness, adventitious-
up, efform, express in a formula, express in a systematic way, ness, adventure, casualness, casualty, chance, chance oc-
express in precise form, fabricate, fashion, forge, form, for- currence, coincidence, contingence, fluke, fortuitousness,
mularize, formulize, frame, give form to, hammer out, indite, happenstance, hazard, occurrence, opportunity, quirk, ran-
produce, put into shape, put together, redact, reduce to a dom luck, randomness, speculation, uncertainty
formula, set down, shape, state systematically, turn out ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: fortuitous collision, fortuitous event

FORMULATION, noun composition, construction, cre- FORTUNATE (Accomplished), adjective booming, doing
ation, definition, delineation, description, determination, quite well, flourishing, fortuitous, halcyon, happy, mon-
elaboration, expression, fashioning, formation, forming, eyed, of adequate means, on top of the world, prosperous,
framing, preparation, rule successful, thriving, triumphant, wealthy, well-heard, well-
off
FORSAKE, verb abandon, abdicate, abjure, cut off, des-
ert, discard, disclaim, disown, disregard, distance, drop, FORTUNATE (Opportune), adjective advantageous, aus-
dump, forget, forgo, give up, ignore, jettison, leave, ma- picious, encouraging, favorable, fortuitous, hopeful, just in
roon, neglect, quit, recant, reject, relinquish, renounce, time, lucky, of promise, optimistic, perfect timing, prevailing,
repudiate, resign, retract, retreat, sacrifice, scrap, shed, promising, propitious, providential, timely, triumphant, victo-
shuck off, spurn, strand, surrender, throw away, vacate, rious, well-timed, winning
withdraw, yield
FORTUNE, noun abundance, accession, acquisitions,
FORSWEAR, verb abandon, abhor, abjure, abnegate, affluence, assets, bankroll, belongings, boon, capital, chat-
avoid, break off, cast aside, cast away, cast off, decline, deny, tels, currency, effects, finances, funds, holdings, kismet,
desert, disaccustom, discard, disclaim, discontinue, discoun- means, money, opulence, personal property, possessions,
tenance, disdain, dispense with, divest oneself, do without, prosperity, reserve, resources, riches, savings, substance,
drop, eschew, forgo, forsake, give up, lay aside, leave, let substantial wherewithal, success, treasure, valuables,
alone, omit, part with, proscribe, quit, refrain from, refuse, wealth, wherewithal, worth
reject, relinquish, renounce, repel, repudiate, sacrifice, scorn,
shun, spurn, toss aside, waive, withdraw from, yield FORUM (Court), noun assize, the bench, court of justice,
court of law, courtroom, forum, judicatory, judicature, judicial
FORTHCOMING, adjective about to happen, advancing, tribunal, panel of judges, session of the court, tribunal
anticipated, approaching, at hand, awaited, close at hand, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: forum non conveniens, law of the forum
coming, coming soon, destined, drawing near, due, ensuing,
eventual, expected, fated, following, foreseeable, future, im- FORUM (Medium), noun agency, agent, channel, instru-
minent, impending, inescapable, inevitable, in store, looming, ment, intermediary, means, means of expression, mecha-
near, nearing, nigh, on the agenda, on the docket, on the ho- nism, method of communication, method of expression,
rizon, oncoming, pending, planned, predestined, predicted, mode of communication, vehicle
projected, promised, prospective, scheduled, to come, ulti-
mate, unavoidable, upcoming, yet to be FORUM NON CONVENIENS, noun better alternative
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: expectancy under a will forum available, better choice of jurisdictions, in appropriate
forum, inconvenient forum, more appropriate court, more
FORTHRIGHT, adjective blunt, bona fide, candid, di- convenient court
rect, downright, emphatic, exact, explicit, factual, frank, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: forum shopping, lex fori, lis alibi
genuine, honest, ingenuous, outspoken, plain-spoken, posi- pendens
tive, scrupulous, simple, sincere, straight, straightforward,
unadorned, unaffected, unambiguous, unembroidered, un- FORUM SHOPPING, noun forum picking, forum selec-
equivocal, unmistakable, unvarnished, upright tion, litigant seeking the most favorable court, search for a
better venue, search for a more favorable court, search for
FORTHWITH, adverb as soon as can be reasonably a more sympathetic court, selecting a court because it is
expected, at once, immediately, instantaneously, instantly, likely to provide a more favorable judgment
promptly, quickly, straightaway, with all reasonable speed, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: forum selection clause
with reasonable dispatch
FORWARD, verb abet, accelerate, actuate, adjuvate, ad-
FORTIFY, verb assure, augment, authenticate, bolster, vance, aid, assist, drive, encourage, expedite, facilitate, favor,
brace, buoy, buttress, cheer, confirm, comfort, document, foster, further, hasten, help, impel, influence, inure, melio-
embolden, encourage, endue, entrench, harden, hearten, rate, move, nurture, precipitate, promote, propel, put in
help, inspirit, invigorate, make safe, nurture, protect, prop, motion, quicken, subserve, succor, support
ratify, reaffirm, reassure, reinforce, secure, shore up, stand by,
stiffen, stimulate, strengthen, supplement, sustain, uphold FOSTER, verb abet, advance, advocate, aid, alere, assist,
befriend, breed, bring up, care for, cherish, coach, counte-
FORTUITOUS, adjective accidental, adventitious, casual, nance, cultivate, encourage, favor, forward, further, harbor,
chance, circumstantial, coincidental, designless, forte oblatus, help, hold dear, indulge, look after, minister to, nourish, nurse,
fortuitus, haphazard, happening by chance, involuntary, nurture, nutrire, patronize, promote, protect, raise, rear, safe-
lucky, occurring by chance, providential, random, spontane- guard, stimulate, subserve, succor, support, sustain, take care
ous, surprise, surprising, uncalculated, undesigned, undi- of, tend, train, treasure, watch over, work for
rected, unexpected, unforeseen, unintended, unintentional,
unlooked for, unmeant, unmotivated, unplanned, unpre- FOUL PLAY, noun artifice, attack, chicanery, collusion,
dicted, unpremeditated, unrehearsed connivance, crime, deception, dishonesty, double-dealing,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: fortuitous event duplicity, fraud, guile, improper conduct, injustice,

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knavery, machination, misconduct, misdoing, perfidious- recalcitrant, refractory, restive, sharp-tempered, short-tem-
ness, perfidy, transgression, treacherousness, treachery, pered, shrewish, snappish, spleenful, spleeny, splenetic,
trickery, underhanded dealing, unfair conduct, unfair- stubborn, surly, temperamental, testy, touchy, unmanage-
ness, violation able, unruly, untractable, waspish

FOUND (Decided), adjective adjudged, agreed, ap- FRAGMENT, verb atomize, blast, break, break off, break
proved, ascertained, command, confirmed, decreed, de- up, burst, bust, crack, crush, destroy, detonate, disinte-
termined, determined on its merits, dictated, finalized, grate, dismember, disrupt, explode, fracture, grind, pop,
held, judged, mandated, mandatory, opined, ordained, pulverize, reduce, rive, ruin, shatter, shiver, sliver, smash,
ordered, prescribed, propounded, required, resolved, splinter, split
ruled, specified
FRAILTY, noun blemish, breakability, brittleness, debility,
FOUND (Recovered), adjective apparent, appeared, dis- defect, defectiveness, deficiency, delicacy, demerit, de-
closed, discovered, dug-up, exposed, furnished, gained, structibility, enervation, failing, failure, failure of strength,
gathered, procured, retrieved, revealed, seen, spotted, sup- fallibility, fault, feebleness, flaw, flimsiness, foible, fragilitas,
plied, surfaced, uncovered, unearthed fragility, human weakness, imperfection, imperfectness, im-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bailment potence, inadequacy, infirmitas, infirmity, instability, liabil-
ity to err, loss of strength, peccability, proneness to error,
FOUNDATION (Basis), noun base, bedrock, beginning, shortcoming, unsoundness, unworthiness, vulnerability,
cornerstone, frame, framework, fundamenta, fundamental vulnerableness, want of moral strength, weak point, weak
principle, groundwork, keystone, origin, premise, root, ru- side, weakness
diment, sedes, skeleton, substructure, support, supporting ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: human frailty
structure, underlying principle, underpinning
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: foundation for evidence, foundation of a FRAME (Mood), noun animus, attitude, bent, character,
claim, foundation of a lien, laying a foundation for a document condition, constitution, cue, disposition, fiber, grain, heart,
makeup, mental constitution, mettle, mind, nature, pro-
FOUNDATION (Organization), noun association, chari- clivity, proneness, propensity, spirit, state of feeling, state of
table institution, charity, conlegium, eleemosynary corpora- mind, streak, temper, temperament
tion, endowed institution, endowment, establishment, fund
invested for a charitable purpose, institute, institution, orga- FRAME (Structure), noun build, building, chassis, com-
nization to aid the needy, organized body for charity, phil- pages, construction, fabric, framework, groundwork, shell,
anthropic institution, sodalitas skeleton, support
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: charitable foundation, not-for-profit
organization FRAME (Charge falsely), verb accuse falsely, accuse un-
fairly, accuse unjustly, bear false witness, blame falsely,
FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT, noun due process of law, blame unfairly, blame unjustly, charge unfairly, charge un-
legal fairness, legal safeguards, protection against depriva- justly, conspire against, criminate falsely, criminate unfairly,
tions, protection guarantees, protection of deprivation of criminate unjustly, denounce falsely, denounce unfairly, de-
accepted legal principles nounce unjustly, fabricate evidence, fake charges against,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: procedural due process, right to con- falsely call to account, hatch a plot against, impeach falsely,
front accuser, substantive due process impeach unfairly, impeach unjustly, implicate falsely, impli-
cate unfairly, implicate unjustly, incriminate unjustly, incul-
FRACAS, noun affray, altercation, battle, bickering, pate falsely, inculpate unfairly, inculpate unjustly, lay a plot,
blows, brawl, breach of the peace, broil, clash, commo- lie against, make false statements, perjure oneself, prear-
tion, conflict, contention, disagreement, discord, dispute, range fraudulently, swear falsely, tell falsehoods about, tell
dissension, disturbance, fight, fray, fuss, jangle, jar, melee, lies about, trump up a charge, unfairly call to account, un-
noisy quarrel, outbreak, quarrel, riot, row, rowdiness, ruc- justly call to account, unjustly involve
tion, scramble, scuffle, set-to, squabble, squall, trouble,
tumult, turmoil, tussle, uproar, wrangle FRAME (Construct), verb block out, build, carpenter,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: disorderly conduct, disturbing the peace coin, compose, concoct, constitute, contrive, create, de-
sign, devise, draft, draw up, enframe, erect, fabricate, fash-
FRACKING, verb breaking, breaking up, cracking, dis- ion, fit together, forge, form, formulate, hammer together,
ambiguation, dismembering, extracting, fracturing, frag- make, manufacture, map out, mold, organize, originate,
menting, hydraulic fracking, induced hydraulic fracking, in- piece together, plan, prepare, produce, put together, raise,
jecting, injections in fractures in rocks, means to extract set up, shape, sketch, systematize, write
hydrocarbons, means to withdraw gases or petroleum, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: frame an issue
obtaining from the ear, ruining, splintering, splitting, with-
drawing, wrecking FRAME (Formulate), verb arrange, cast, componere, con-
ceive, concipere, concoct, contrive, create, design, devise,
FRACTIOUS, adjective apt to quarrel, bad-tempered, draft, draw up, excogitate, express, fashion, forge, form,
bearish, bickering, cantankerous, captious, carping, caviling, formalize, hatch, invent, lay plans, make arrangements, map
choleric, churlish, complaining, contentious, contrary, out, organize, originate, plan, produce, pull into shape, put
crabby, cranky, cross, cross-grained, crusty, difficilis, diffi- into shape, scheme, set up, shape, sketch, take measures,
cult, disposed to cavil, disputatious, exceptious, excitable, take steps, think up, work up
faultfinding, fretful, grouchy, hot-tempered, ill-tempered, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: frame a complaint
impatient, inclined to anger, indocile, inflammable, irascible,
irritable, moodish, moody, morosus, peevish, perverse, FRAME (Prearrange), verb arrange, charge falsely, con-
pettish, petulant, quarrelsome, querulous, rebellious, spire against, contrive, contrive a result, ensure a result, fake,

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fake the evidence, incriminate unjustly, lie against, plan, same thing to two persons. Dolus auctoris non nocet suc-
plant the evidence, prearrange, prearrange fraudulently, cessori. The fraud of a predecessor does not prejudice the
predesign, predetermine, trump up, use false evidence successor. Fraus latet in generalibus. Fraud lies hidden in
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: framed evidence, framed testimony, general expressions. Fraus est odiosa et non prae-
perjury sumenda. Fraud is odious and will not be presumed. Fraus
et jus nunquam cohabitant. Fraud and justice never dwell
FRAME-UP, noun baseless charge, cabal, conspiracy, together. Nulla pactione effici potest ut dolus praestetur.
counterfeit evidence, faked charge, false charge, false It cannot be provided in any contract that fraud can be prac-
evidence, false information, foul play, frame, hoax, in- ticed. Nemo ex dolo suo proprio relevetur, aut auxilium
trigue, machination, perjured testimony, plant, trap, capiat. No one is relieved or gains an advantage by his own
trickery, trumped-up charge, trumped-up story fraud. Nemo videtur fraudare eos qui sciunt et consenti-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: perjury unt. No one is considered as deceiving those who know and
consent to his acts. Lata culpa dolo aequiparatur. Gross
FRAMEWORK, noun architecture, borderlines, bound- fault or negligence is equivalent to fraud. Ex dolo malo non
aries, bounds, cap, ceiling, configuration, confines, delinea- oritur actio. No right of action can arise out of fraud. Non
tion, design, edges, figure, foundation, fringe, infrastruc- decipitur qui scit se decipi. A person is not deceived who
ture, limitations, lines, outline, parameters, perimeter, knows he is being deceived. Fraus et dolus nemini patro-
periphery, plan, plans, profile, schema, schematic, scheme, cinari debent. Fraud and deceit should not excuse anyone.
shape, shell, skeleton, structure Dolus et fraus nemini patrocinentur; patrocinari debent.
Deceit and fraud shall excuse or benefit no man; they them-
FRANCHISE (License), noun allowance, assent, authori- selves need to be excused. Dolum ex indiciis perspicuis
zation, charter, concession, consent, dispensation, droit, probari convenit. Fraud should be established by clear
exemption, favor, grace, grant, immunity, indulgence, showings of proof. Aliud est celare, aliud tacere. To con-
leave, monopoly, pass, permission, permit, prerogative, ceal is one thing, to be silent is another. Dolus circuitu non
privilege, recognition, right, sanction, sufferance, tolerance pergator. Fraud is not purged by circuity. Quod alias
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: corporate franchise, federal franchise, bonum et justum est, si per vim vel fraudem petatur,
franchise tax, grant of a franchise, irrevocable franchise, malum et injustum efficitur. What otherwise is good and
license, municipal franchise, perpetual franchises, personal just, becomes bad and unjust if it is sought by force and
franchise, public franchise, secondary franchise, special fraud. Megna negligentia culpa est; magna culpa dolus
franchise est. Gross negligence is fault; gross fault is equivalent to a
fraud. Dolo malo pactumse non servaturum. An agree-
FRANCHISE (Right to vote), noun ballot, choice, discre- ment induced by fraud is not valid. Fraus est celare frau-
tion, enfranchisement, freedom of choice, liberty of choice, dem. It is fraud to conceal a fraud.
liberty to vote, option, prerogative, privilege, right of choice,
right of representation, suffrage, vote, voting power FRAUDULENT, adjective beguiling, bogus, cheating, con-
niving, contrary to fact, corrupt, counterfeited, crafty, crooked,
FRANK, adjective aboveboard, blunt, candid, clear, cunning, deceitful, deceiving, deceptive, delusive, delusory,
clear-cut, crystal clear, decent, direct, distinct, evident, ex- designing, destitute of good faith, destitute of integrity, de-
plicit, express, forthright, honest, ingenuous, manifest, obvi- void of truth, discreditable, dishonest, dishonorable, disin-
ous, on the up and up, open, open and aboveboard, open genuous, disreputable, dolosus, double-dealing, fake, faked,
and sincere, open and genuine, sincere, straight, straightfor- fallacious, false, falsified, feigned, finagling, forsworn, fraudu-
ward, straight-out, unequivocal, unreserved, upfront lentus, furtive, guileful, iniquitous, insidious, meretricious,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: franking privilege misleading, not honest, not true, perfidious, perjured, phony,
scheming, sham, shifty, sneaky, spurious, surreptitious,
FRAUD, noun artfulness, artifice, beguilement, charlatan- treacherous, trickish, tricky, truthless, unauthentic, under-
ism, charlatanry, cheating, chicane, chicanery, circumscriptio, handed, unethical, unfaithful, ungenuine, unreal, unreliable,
collusion, covin, cozenage, craftiness, crookedness, cunning, unscrupulous, untrue, untrustworthy, untruthful, unveracious,
deceit, deceitful practice, deceitfulness, deception, decep- unvirtuous, void of truth, wanting in probity, wily, without
tiveness, delusiveness, dishonesty, dissembling, dissimula- probity, without truth
tion, double-dealing, dupery, duplicity, fabrication, fallacia, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: fraudulent concealment, fraudulent
fallaciousness, false conduct, false representation, falseness, conveyance, fraudulent intent, fraudulent misrepresenta-
falsification, falsity, fraudulence, fraus, furtiveness, guile, tion, fraudulent practice, fraudulent preferences, fraudulent
improbity, insidiousness, intentional deception, intrigue, representation, fraudulent transfer
lack of probity, mendacity, misrepresentation, outwitting, FOREIGN PHRASES: Dolosus versatur in generalibus. A
perfidy, pretense, prevarication, quackery, ruse, sham, fraudulent person takes refuge in generalities.
sneakiness, subreption, surreptitiousness, swindling, treach-
ery, trickery, trickiness, underhandedness, unscrupulous- FRAY, noun affray, battle, brabble, brawl, broil, clash,
ness, untruthfulness, wiliness combat, commotion, contention, contest, disagreement,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: action for fraud, actionable fraud, dispute, dissension, disturbance, fight, fracas, jangle, melee,
bad faith, collateral fraud, collusion, constructive fraud, pugna, quarrel, row, ruction, rumpus, scramble, scrimmage,
debt created by fraud, deceit, discovery of fraud, extrinsic scuffle, skirmish, strife, tumult, turmoil, uproar
fraud, false representation, fraudulent misrepresentation,
fraudulent representation, implied fraud, intrinsic fraud, FREE (At no charge), adjective complimentary, costing
mail fraud, material fraud, misrepresentation, positive nothing, costless, expenseless, for nothing, given, given
fraud, presumptive fraud, public fraud, statute of frauds away, gratis, gratuitous, gratuitus, not charged for, provided
FOREIGN PHRASES: Qui per fraudem agit frustra agit. What a without charge, unbought, uncharged, unpaid, untaxed,
man does fraudulently he does vainly. Vendens eandem without cost
rem duobus falsarius est. He is fraudulent who sells the ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: free on board

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FREE (Enjoying civil liberty), adjective autonomic, auto- deregulated business, deregulation, economic autonomy,
nomical, autonomous, democratic, emancipated, enfran- emancipated business place, fair trade, free business deal-
chised, enjoying liberty, exempt from external authority, ings, free commercial enterprise, free competition, free en-
franchised, freed, independent, liberated, manumitted, not terprise, free interchange of goods, free intercourse of
enslaved, not in bondage, not subject to regulation, re- goods, free market, free mercantile business, free mercantile
moved from bondage, saved from bondage, self-directing, relations, free movement of goods, free multilateral trade,
self-governing, self-ruling, sovereign, sua sponte, sua volun- immune from restriction, independent, laissez-faire, nonin-
tate, unenslaved, unenthralled, unsubjected terference in trade, nonintervention in trade, noninvolve-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: free access, free press, free speech ment in trade, open market, reciprocal trade, trade liberal-
FOREIGN PHRASES: A piratis aut latronibus capti liberi per- ism, unbounded trade, unbridled trade, unconstrained trade,
manent. Persons taken by robbers remain free. uncurbed trade, unfettered commerce, unfettered commer-
cial affairs, unfettered merchandising, unhampered trade,
FREE (Not restricted), adjective at large, at liberty, cast unhindered trade, unimpeded trade, unobstructed trade,
loose, clear from, disengaged, immune from restriction, unregimented trade, unregulated trade, unrestrained busi-
independent, let out, liber, liberated, loose, privileged, solu- ness intercourse, unrestrained trade, unrestricted trade,
tus, unattached, unbound, unbridled, uncaught, unchained, unshackled trade, without trade barriers
unchecked, uncoerced, unconfined, uncurbed, unentan- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: balanced trade, comparative advantage,
gled, unfastened, unfettered, unfixed, unhampered, unhin- international barter, protectionism
dered, unimpeded, unobstructed, unpent, unprevented,
unqualified, unreined, unrestrained, unshackled, un- FREEDOM, noun affranchisement, arbitrium, autonomy,
stopped, untied, untrammeled civil liberty, decontrol, deliverance, discharge, disengage-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: free and voluntary, free enterprise, free ment, disenthrallment, disimprisonment, emancipation,
from encumbrances, free press, free speech empowerment, enfranchisement, entitlement, exemption,
exemption from external control, exemption from restraint,
FREE (Relieved from a burden), adjective absolved, ac- extrication, franchise, franchisement, independence, lati-
quitted, clear, cleared, delivered, disburdened, discharged, tude, leave, leeway, legal right, liberation, libertas, liberty,
disembarrassed, disencumbered, disengaged, disentangled, license, licentia, noninterference, permit, political indepen-
dismissed, excused, exempted, exonerated, immunis, liber- dence, prerogative, privilege, redemption, relaxation of
ated, pardoned, paroled, quit of, ransomed, re liber, released, control, release, right to decide, room, self-determination,
relieved, reprieved, rescued, rid, saved, set free, spared, un- self-government, self-rule, unconstraint, unfettering, unin-
burdened, unencumbered, unimpeded, vacuus hibitedness, unrestraint
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: free and clear, free from fault ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: freedom from fault, freedom of action,
freedom of assembly, freedom of conscience, freedom of
FREE, verb absolve, acquit, affranchise, clear, come to the contract, freedom of press, freedom of religion, freedom
rescue, deliver, deliver from bondage, disburden, discharge, of speech, freedom of thought, freedom of trade, freedom
disembroil, disencumber, disengage, disentangle, disenthrall, of worship
dismiss, emancipate, enfranchise, exculpate, excuse, ex- FOREIGN PHRASES: Impius et crudelis judicandus est qui
empt, eximere, exonerate, extricate, forgive, franchise, give libertati non favet. He should be adjudged impious and
a reprieve, give absolution, grant a reprieve, grant amnesty, cruel who does not favor liberty. Libertas non recipit aes-
grant pardon, let escape, let go, let loose, let out, let out of timationem. Freedom does not admit a valuation. Libertas
prison, liberare, liberate, manumit, pardon, parole, privilege, est naturalis facultas ejus quod cuique facere libet, nisi
purge, ransom, redeem, release, release from restraint, re- quod de jure aut vi prohibetur. Liberty is a person’s natu-
lieve, remit, rescue, save, set at large, set at liberty, set free, ral power which permits one to do as he pleases. Libertas
solvere, turn loose, unbind, unburden, unchain, unfasten, inestimabilis res est. Liberty is a thing of inestimable
unfetter, unfix, unimprison, unleash, unmanacle, unshackle, value.
untie, vindicate
FREEDOM OF ASSOCIATION, noun authority, authori-
FREE ENTERPRISE, noun at liberty, business enter- zation, autonomy, blanket permission, choice, civil liberty,
prise, business immune from restriction, capitalism, capi- constitutional freedom, decontrol, emancipation, free will,
talistic policies, capitalistic system, deregulation of busi- freedom of affiliation, freedom of alignment, freedom of
ness enterprise, free competition, free economy, free alliance, inclusion, incorporation, independence, laissez-
enterprise economy, free enterprise system, free trade, faire, latitude, liberation, liberty, license, openness, partici-
laissez-faire public policy, laissez-fairism, noninterference, pation, privilege, self-determination, self-direction, uncon-
nonintervention, noninvolvement, open market, private ditional authority, unconstrained use, unrestrained use,
enterprise, private ownership, self-regulating market, un- unrestricted use
bound economic policy, unimpeded free competition, un- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: First Amendment protection, individ-
obstructed free competition ual freedoms, individual liberties

FREE HAND, noun absolute discretion, authority, blank FREEDOM OF CHOICE, noun alternatives, artistic li-
check, carte blanche, complete liberty, discretion, every cense, authority, blanket permission, call, carte blanche, civil
option, freedom, full authority, full delegated authority, full liberty, decontrols, deregulation, discretion, emancipation,
power, full range, latitude, leeway, maneuvering space, franchise, free choice, free will, lack of censorship, laissez-
total discretion, unbridled authority, unbridled discretion, faire, latitude, liberation, liberty, license, noninterference,
unhampered authority nonintervention, openness, option, permission, prerogative,
privilege, pre abortion, pre choice, right of choice, right of
FREE TRADE, noun absence of government control, selection, rights, self-determination, self-direction, unbridled
autonomous business, business at liberty, capitalism, de- discretion, unconditional authority, unconstraint, unrestraint,
controlled marketplace, democratic business environment, unrestricted use

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FREEDOM OF INFORMATION REQUEST, noun ask for FRIENDLY, adjective accessible, affable, affectionate,
information, communication requesting information, disclo- agreeable, amiable, amicable, auspicious, benevolent,
sure request, elicit information, FOIL request, formal de- close, companionable, compatible, congenial, coopera-
mand for information, request for data, request for docu- tive, cordial, devoted, empathetic, encouraging, familiar,
ments, request for information, request for records, request fast, favorable, favorably disposed, firm, fond, fraternal, gen-
for specifics erous, genial, gracious, harmonious, hearty, helpful, homey,
hospitable, kind, kind-hearted, loyal, obliging, openhearted,
FREEDOM OF PRESS, noun authority of the press, au- peaceable, pleasant, receptive, sociable, staunch, sympa-
tonomy of the press, blanket permission for the press, broad- thetic, warm hearted, welcoming
cast freedom, civil liberty, commentators, communications,
communications industry, constitutional freedom, contribu- FRIGHT, noun affright, agitation, alarm, anxiety, appre-
tors, correspondents, First Amendment rights, free commen- hension, consternation, cowardice, dismay, disquietude,
tary, free journalism, free public communication, freedom of dread, extreme fear, fear, fear of danger, horror, intimidation,
expression, freedom to publish, freedom to write, full fran- misgiving, panic, pavor, phobia, scare, sudden terror, terror,
chise of expression, lack of censorship, liberty, license, non- trepidation
interference, nonintervention, openness, privilege, self-de-
termination of the press, unbridled freedom to publish, FRIGHTEN, verb affright, alarm, browbeat, bully, bullyrag,
unrestricted freedom of expression, unrestricted freedom of cow, daunt, deter, disquiet, exterrere, fright, give cause for
the press alarm, horrify, intimidate, menace, panic, petrify, raise appre-
hension, scare, shock, shock with sudden fear, startle, strike
FREEDOM TO DISCHARGE, noun at the will of the em- with overwhelming fear, terrify, terrorize, threaten, unnerve
ployer, at will employment, discretionary employment
without the necessity of reasons, employment at will, FRIGHTFUL, adjective abhorrent, abominable, appalling,
freedom to discharge without grounds, freedom to discharge atrocious, awful, contemptible, deplorable, despicable, de-
without reasons, freedom to fire testable, disastrous, dreadful, foul, frightening, ghastly,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: just cause employees, morally repre- ghoulish, harrowing, heinous, hideous, horrendous, horrid,
hensive reasons, morally wrong reasons horrifying, loathsome, macabre, monstrous, nauseating, ob-
noxious, odious, offensive, outrageous, regrettable, repel-
FREEHOLD, noun acres, domain, estate, estate for life, lent, reprehensible, repulsive, revolting, shameful, shock-
estate in fee, fee simple, feud, fief, hereditament, immune, ing, terrible, terrifying, vile, villainous
interest in real property, land, landed estate, landed prop-
erty, life estate, praedium liberum, property, real property, FRINGE, noun border, brink, edge, extremity, fimbria-
realty, territory, vested interest in land tion, frontier, furthest point, furthest reach, limit, margin,
outskirt, parameter, penumbra, periphery, skirt, verge
FREIGHT, noun article of commerce, cargo, carload,
consignment, freightage, goods, lading, load, merchan- FRISK, verb check, conduct a search, examine, examine
dise, onus, packages, pay load, shipment closely, examine intently, explore, hunt, hunt through, in-
spect, investigate, lascivire, look into, look over, look
FRENETIC, adjective berserk, crazed, crazy, deranged, through, peer into, poke into, probe, pry into, rake through,
excited, feverish, frantic, frenzied, furens, furibund, hys- review, salire, scan, scour, scrutinize, search one’s pockets,
terical, insanus, maniacal, overwrought, perturbed, pos- search through, seek, subject to scrutiny
sessed, raving, restless, unsettled, vesanus, worked up, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: reasonable belief that safety requires
wrought up a patting down, search, stop, and frisk
FREQUENCY, noun common occurrence, commonness, FRIVOLOUS, adjective childish, flighty, flimsy, flip-
continuity, crebritas, cycle, frequence, frequentia, periodic- pant, giddy, immaterial, inanis, insignificant, levis, light,
ity, prevalence, rate, recurrence, regularity, regularity of re- light-minded, meaningless, minor, nugax, of little weight,
currence, repetition, repetitiveness, succession, usualness of no account, paltry, petty, senseless, shallow, silly, slight,
superficial, trifling, trivial, unimportant, unserious, unwor-
FREQUENT, adjective accustomed, common, consuetu-
thy of serious notice, worthless
dinal, consuetudinary, creber, customary, familiar, frequens,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: frivolous answer, frivolous appeal,
habitual, numberless, numerous, oft-repeated, often done,
frivolous cause of action, frivolous claims, frivolous pleading
persistent, prevalent, reiterative, repeated, repetitive, usual

FRICTION, noun abrasion, antagonism, antipathy, attri- FROLIC, noun amusement, antic, caper, carousal,
tion, chafing, clash, clashing, collision, conflict, contention, drollery, entertainment, escapade, fun, gaiety, gambol, jo-
contravention, controversy, counteraction, disaccord, dis- coseness, jollity, joviality, lark, merriment, merrymaking,
agreement, discord, disharmony, dissension, dissent, disso- mirth, play, pleasantry, recreation, rollick, romp, vagary
nance, erosion, fretting, friction, grating, grinding, hostility, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: detour and frolic
inflammation, interference, irritation, jangle, lack of harmony,
opposition, polarity, quarrel, renitency, resistance, strained FROLIC, verb act up, amuse oneself, caper, carouse,
relations, strife, tension, ulceration, unharmoniousness cavort, dance, disport, enjoy oneself, frisk, gambol, have a
good time, have fun, joke, paint the town red, play, revel,
FRIEND, noun acquaintance, adherent, advocate, ally, rollick, romp, sport
associate, backer, benefactor, cohort, colleague, com-
panion, comrade, confidant, confederate, confrère, crony, FRONT (Anterior), noun area in foreground, beginning,
defender, faithful companion, favorer, friend-in-need, parti- closest area, designated area in the foreground, exterior, fa-
san, partner, patron, proponent, supporter, sympathizer cade, face, foreground, forepart, frontage, frontal area, head
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: Amicus curiae. Friend of the court. ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: road frontage, street frontage

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FRONT (Concealed criminal operation), noun alter ego, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: frustrate performance of a contract,
concealed business, cover, cover up, criminal operation, frustration of purpose
disguise, felonious operation, fraudulent operation, illegiti-
mate operation, illicit operation, lawless operation, masked FRUSTRATION, noun abortive attempt, defeat, failure,
operation, pretense, sham, sham device, sham means, foil, futile effort, hindrance, impediment, inability of perfor-
sham vehicle, unlawful operation, unlicensed operation, mance, inability to be completed, incapacity, interference,
untoward operation interruption, noncompletion, nonfulfillment, nonperfor-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: illegal fencing operation mance, obstruction, prevention, prevention of accomplish-
ment, thwarted expectation, thwarting, unsatisfied hopes,
FRONTAGE, noun border along the road, border of the unsuccessfulness
property, edge of the property, front boundary of the land, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: commercial frustration, frustration of pur-
front of a lot, front of a tract of land, front of the land, front pose, frustration under a contract, impossibility of perfor-
of the property, land at the street, outer limits of a property, mance
outskirts of the property, periphery of a property, property
at the curb, side of a property along the periphery, side of FUGITIVE, noun absconder, avoider, defaulter, deserter,
a property at the front, the outer line of a tract of land escaped prisoner, escapee, escaper, evader, fleer, fugitivus,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: zoning hunted person, levanter, one who flees, person who flees
justice, prisonbreaker, profugus, refugee prisoner, rene-
FRONTIER, noun ambit, border, borderland, bound, gade, runagate, runaway
boundary, boundary line, circumjacencies, compass, con- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: fugitive from justice, fugitive warrant
finium, demarcation line, edge, faubourg, finis, fringe,
limit, limitations, line of demarcation, march, outer district, FULFILL, verb abide by, accomplish, achieve, adhere to,
outer edge, outer part, outlines, outlying area, outlying answer, be faithful to, be sufficient, bring about, bring to
borders, outlying districts, outpost, outskirts, perimeter, completion, bring to pass, carry into effect, complete, com-
periphery, remote district, rim, termination ply with, consummate, discharge, do, effect, effectuate,
efficere, execute, explere, fill, finish, follow, heed, implere,
FROWARD, adjective cantankerous, captious, contrary, keep, live up to, make good, meet, obey, observe, perfect,
contumacious, contumax, cross, crusty, difficilis, difficult, perform, realize, redeem, satisfy, serve, suffice
disobedient, fractious, headstrong, indocile, insubmissive, in- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: fulfillment of trust purpose
subordinate, intractable, irascible, irritable, moody, obstinate,
peevish, pertinax, perverse, petulant, querulous, rebellious, FULL, adjective abounding, abundant, affluent, baggy,
refractory, restive, splenetic, stubborn, surly, troublesome, brimful, brimming over, charged, chock-full, cloyed, com-
unaccommodating, uncooperative, ungovernable, unman- plete, comprehensive, crammed, detailed, entire, entirely
ageable, unruly, unyielding, wayward, willful, willfully contrary occupied, exhaustive, filled, filled to utmost capacity, flow-
ing, flush, fraught, glutted, gorged, imbued, integer, laden,
FRUCTIFY, verb ameliorate, bear, bear fruit, beget, loaded, mature, maximum, occupied, overflowing, packed,
blossom, bring forth, conceive, cultivate, enrich, fatten, fe- plenary, plenus, plethoric, replete, repletus, resonant, rich,
cundate, fertilize, flourish, generate, impregnate, insemi- sated, satiated, satisfied, saturated, soaked, stuffed, sur-
nate, irrigate, make fruitful, make productive, pollinate, feited, swollen, teeming, total, unabridged, unstinted, well-
procreate, produce, proliferate, propagate, reproduce, provided, well-stocked, well-supplied, whole
spermatize, thrive ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: full amount, full and true value, full cash
value, full consideration, full control, full faith and credit, full
FRUGAL, adjective abstemious, careful, cautious, chary, hearing, full opportunity to be heard, full payment, full perfor-
cheap, conservative, economical, economy-minded, frugi, mance, full satisfaction, full settlement, full-time employment
parcus, parsimonious, penny-conscious, provident, pru-
dent, restrained, sparing, spartan, stinting, thrifty, unwasteful FULL-FLEDGED, adjective all-encompassing, all-in-
clusive, all-out, broad, complete, comprehensive, entire,
FRUGALITY, noun abstention, abstinence, austerity, every possible combination, extensive, liberal, maximum,
carefulness, chariness, economizing, economy, frugal- thorough, total, unabridged, unbridled, unrestrained,
ness, moderation, parsimoniousness, parsimony, plain living, vast, voluminous, whole, without abridgment, without
prudence, retrenchment, scrimping, skimping, sparingness, limitation, without reduction, without restraint
temperance, thrift, thriftiness, unwastefulness
FULL-SCALE, adjective all-encompassing, all-inclusive,
FRUITION, noun accomplishment, achievement, at- broad, complete, entire, extensive, jealously, maximum,
tainment, consummation, effectuation, execution, flower- total, unbridled, unrestrained, vigorously, whole, with every
ing, fructus, fulfillment, gratification, implementation, per- concentrated effort, with every effort, with force, without
formance, production, realization, satisfaction, success control, without reduction, without restraint
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accrual of a cause of action, maturity
of a debt FULL THROTTLE, adjective act on, all out, as fast as
possible, at full speed, commence, continued at maximum,
FRUSTRATE, verb abort, ad inritum redigere, ad vanum, flow, following at full throttle, forging ahead, gathering
annul, baffle, balk, be obstructive, bring to nought, cancel, steam, get in high gear, going forward, in full gear, in high
check, checkmate, confound, counter, counteract, cripple, gear, making headway, making progress, maximum
defeat, disappoint, disconcert, discourage, foil, forestall, strength, moving ahead, pressing on, progressing, pushing
hinder, invalidate, let down, mar, neutralize, nullify, ob- on, rolling on, springing from, streaming
struct, oppose, outwit, override, prevent, render invalid,
render null and void, spoil, stultify, stymie, thwart, under- FULLY EXECUTED (Consummated), adjective completed,
mine, undo discharged, fulfilled, realized

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FULLY EXECUTED (Signed), adjective authenticated, FUNDAMENTAL, adjective basal, basic, basilar, basilary,
authorized, binding, completed, executed, legitimized cardinal, central, constitutional, elemental, elementary, es-
sential, inchoative, indispensable, key, necessary, needed,
FULLY SECURED, adjective backed-up, bonded, certified, organic, primary, primus, principal, principalis, required,
covered, guaranteed, hypothecated, insured, pledged, requisite, rudimentary, structural, underlying, vital
mortgaged, warranted ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: fundamental change, fundamental
error, fundamental issue, fundamental law, fundamental
FULMINATE, verb blame, blast, bluster, burst, cast question, fundamental right
blame, censure, condemn, criticize harshly, decry, de-
nounce, denunciate, detonate, disapprove of, discharge, FUNDING, noun aid, allotment, appropriation, award,
disfavor, erupt, explode, go off, not approve, object to, op- backing, bankroll, capital, charity, endowment, establishment,
pose, potent, reprehend, thunder, trigger, upbraid financing, foundation, gift, grant, infusion, inheritance, invest-
ment, means, nourishment, patronization, promotion, settle-
FUN, noun amusement, carousing, conviviality, dalli- ment, sponsorship, stakes, subsidy, support, underwriting
ance, delight, distraction, diversion, enjoyment, entertain-
ment, festivity, fling, frolic, gaiety, gambol, hobby, jest, joy, FUNDS, noun assets, bank account, capital, cash, cur-
lark, laugh, merriment, merrymaking, pastime, play, pleas- rency, economic success, finance, income, liquid assets,
ance, pleasure, recreation, relaxation, revel, reveling, rol- lucre, means, money, pecuniary resources, pelf, person-
lick, romp, sport, spree alty, possessions, principal, proceeds, property, revenue,
specie, stocks and bonds, substance, treasure, wealth,
FUNCTION, noun appropriate activity, assignment, busi- wherewithal
ness, chore, design, duty, employment, exploitation, mission, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: Social Security Fund, Unemployment
munus, occupation, office, officium, performance, purpose, Compensation Fund, Welfare Fund, Workers’ Compensation
pursuit, responsibility, role, task, usage, use, utility, work Fund
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: discretionary function, executive func-
tion, government function, judicial function, legislative FUNNY, adjective amusing, bizarre, blithesome, campy,
function, political function, quasi-judicial function comedic, comic, comical, crazy, diverting, droll, farcical,
hilarious, humorous, hysterical, incredibly comical, jocose,
FUNCTION, verb achieve, act, act effectively, answer a jocular, jocund, jokey, jolly, jovial, kooky, laughable, ludi-
purpose, avail, be effective, be in operation, be useful, ben- crous, merry, outrageous, peculiar, ridiculous, riotous, risi-
efit, carry on, carry out, effectuate, execute, have effect, ble, screaming, sidesplitting, uproarious, whimsical, witty,
manage, operate, perform, render a service, run, serve, work wonderfully amusing, wry

FUNCTIONAL, adjective adequate, advantageous, ap- FURIOUS, adjective concentrated, crazed, crazy, de-
plicable, applied, convenient, effective, effectual, effica- lirious, demented, emotional, excessive, exorbitant, ex-
cious, efficient, employable, expedient, fit for use, gainful, travagant, extreme, ferocious, feverish, fierce, frantic, fre-
handy, helpful, in action, in operation, in order, instrumen- netic, frenzied, high-pressured, hostile, immoderate,
tal, invaluable, operable, operant, operational, operative, inordinate, intense, intensive, irrational, lavish, lunatic,
practicable, practical, pragmatic, profitable, sensible, ser- mad, maniacal, overmuch, rabid, severe, unconscionable,
viceable, suitable for use, usable, useful, utile, utilitarian, undue, upset, vehement, violent, wild
utilizable, valuable, workable, working
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: functional claim, functional deprecia- FURLOUGH, noun absence, commeatus, holiday, leave,
tion, functional disability leave of absence, leisure, liberty, recess, respite, rest, sus-
pension of work, time off, vacation
FUNCTIONARY, noun administrator, bureaucrat, com-
missary, commissioner, delegate, dignitary, office holder, FURNISH, verb accommodate, accouter, afford, ap-
officer, official, representative, syndic point, apportion, arm, bestow, contribute, enable, endow,
endue, equip, fit out, gear, give, grant, indulge, instruere,
FUND, noun accumulation, assets, capital, copia, en- lavish, outfit, present, produce, provide, provision, purvey,
dowment, foundation, fount, hoard, investment, mine, nest rig, stock, suppeditare, supply, yield
egg, pecunia, pool, reserve, reservoir, resources, savings, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: furnish proof, labor furnished, mate-
spring, stock, store, sum of money, supply, well rial furnished, work furnished
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: available fund, cash funds, commin-
gling of funds, contingent fund, endowment fund, escrow FUROR, noun ado, agitation, broil, clamor, commotion,
fund, guaranty fund, insurance fund, joint fund, misapplica- craze, disruption, disturbance, eruption, excitement, fer-
tion of funds, misappropriation of funds, permanent funds, ment, ferocity, fervency, fever, flare-up, fracas, fray, frenzy,
reserve fund, residuary fund, trust fund fury, fuss, hysteria, madness, maelstrom, mania, outbreak,
outburst, pandemonium, passion, pother, rabidity, rage,
FUND, verb accommodate, accumulate, afford, allot, rumpus, stir, storm, tempest, tumult, turbulence, turmoil,
amass, apportion, bank, be a benefactor, bestow, cache, col- upheaval, uproar, wildness
lect, conserve, contribute, deposit, dispense, dole, donate,
endow, endue, equip, finance, furnish, garner, give, give FURTHER, adverb a greater extent, additionally, at a
money, grant, hand out, hoard, invest money, keep, keep in further point, at a more distant point, besides, beyond, else,
reserve, lay in store, lay up, maintain, pay, pay for, present, extra, farther, furthermore, in addition, more, plus, supple-
present money, preserve, provide, provide for, provide mentary, to a greater extent
money, provide the wherewithal, provision, purvey, reserve, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: continuance, further consideration,
retain, save, save up, settle upon, spare, stock, stockpile, further conveyance, further hearing, further notice, further
store, subsidize, supply, sustain, treasure, yield proceeding, further security, further waste, furtherance

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FURTHER, verb advance, contribute to, facilitate, favor, FUSTIAN, noun affectation, altiloquence, bombast,
forward, foster, impel, motivate, move, promote bombastic language, bombastry, declamation, empty talk,
euphuism, gausape, high-sounding words, idle speech,
FURTHERANCE, noun advancement, advocacy, aid, inflated language, inflated speech, inflated style, magnilo-
amelioration, assistance, behalf, betterment, championship, quence, orotundity, pomposity, pretentious speech, rant,
change for better, cooperation, course, defense, develop- rhetoric, rodomontade, sesquipedalianism, swollen lan-
ment, favor, gain, growth, headway, help, improvement, guage, turgid language, verbiage, verbosity, wordiness
lift, longevity, preferment, progress, progression, promo-
tion, reinforcement, raise, rise, succor, uptrend FUTILE, adjective abortive, barren, bootless, feckless,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: furtherance of a crime, in the further- fruitless, futilis, gainless, hopeless, inanis, ineffective, ineffec-
ance of the business of the employer, in the furtherance of tual, inefficacious, insignificant, inutile, nugatory, otiose, profit-
the discharge of duties less, resultless, unavailing, unfruitful, unimportant, unproduc-
tive, unprofitable, unsubstantial, unsuccessful, useless, vain,
FURTHERMORE, adverb additionally, along with, also, valueless, vanus, wasted, worthless
at the same time, besides, beyond, by the same token, in ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: failure to exhaust a futile remedy
addition, in conjunction with, likewise, moreover, over and FOREIGN PHRASES: Lex neminem cogit ad vana seu inutilia
above, then again, together with, too, what’s more peragenda. The law compels no one to do futile or useless
things. Lex nil facit frustra, nil jubet frustra. The law
FURTIVE, adjective backstair, catlike, clandestine, does not do anything nor commands anyone to do any-
cloaked, concealed, covert, crafty, cunning, deceitful, thing which would be futile.
evasive, feline, furtivus, hangdog, hidden, indirect, in-
sidious, masked, mysterious, private, secret, secretive, FUTILITY, noun barrenness, counterproductivity, emp-
shady, shifty, shrouded, sly, sneaking, sneaky, stealthy, tiness, foolishness, fruitlessness, impossibility, ineffective-
subtle, surreptitious, thievish, undercover, underground, ness, ineffectualness, insufficiency, lack, profitlessness,
underhand, undisclosed, unobtrusive, unrevealed, un- thoughtlessness, unproductivity, uselessness, want, waste-
seen, veiled fulness, witlessness

FUSE, verb adhere, admix, agglutinate, amalgamate, FUTURE, adjective advancing, anticipated, approach-
assimilate, band together, blend, blend together, bond, ing, arriving, close, close at hand, coming, designate, des-
cement, coadunate, coalesce, combine, combine to- tined, ensuing, eventual, expected, fated, following, fore-
gether, commingle, compile, compound, condense, con- seeable, forthcoming, futurus, imminent, impending,
federate, conglomerate, conjoin, connect, consolidate, inevitable, later, likely, looked toward, looming, near, near
embody, federate, flux, galvanize, incorporate, interfuse, at hand, next, nigh, pending, planned, planned for, possi-
intermix, join, league, lock, lump together, meld, melt ble, posterus, predestined, predicted, probable, prospec-
together, merge, mingle, mix, refine, run, smelt, solder, tive, scheduled, sequent, subsequent, succeeding, to be, to
unify, unite, weld come, ultimate, upcoming
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: after acquired property, future ac-
FUSTIAN, adjective bombastic, declamatory, flatulent, quired property, future advances, future contingency, fu-
gausape, grandiloquent, grandiose, high-flown, high- ture damages, future debt, future earnings, future estates,
sounding, inflated, mouthy, orotund, pompous, preten- future expectancy, future interests, future loss of earnings,
tious, ranting, swollen, tumid, turgid future payments, future profits, future services

GAG RULE, noun judicial bar of communication, judi- GAIN, noun accomplishment, accretion, accrual,
cial cessation of communication, judicial preclusion of achievement, advancement, amplification, appreciation, at-
communication, judicial prevention of communication, tainment, augmentation benefit, betterment, enlargement,
judicial prohibition of communication, judicial prohibition expansion, growth, heightening, improvement, increase,
of expression, judicial suspension of communication, judi- increment, master, obtainment, procurement, productive-
cial termination of communication, order of silence ness, profit, success, upturn, winning

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ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: gain derived from capital, gain derived flashy, flaunting, gaudy, glaring, glittering, in bad taste, in-
from profits, net gain delicate, loud, obtrusive, ostentatious, pompous, preten-
tious, showy, spangled, tawdry, vivid, vulgar
GAIN, verb accept, accomplish, achieve, acquire,
adopt, advance, assume, attain, avail, bag, be better for, be GARNER, verb accumulate, acquire, aggregate, amass,
improved by, benefit, capere, capture, cash in on, clear, assemble, bank, bring together, cache, collect, compile, con-
collect, come by, come into, consequi, derive, draw, earn, dere, deposit, fund, gather, group, hoard, keep in reserve,
extract, flourish, gather, get, get possession of, glean, muster, reserve, save, stock, stockpile, store, stow, treasure
grasp, harvest, improve, learn, lucrari, make, make a profit,
make capital, make money, master, move forward, net, GARNISH, verb appropriate, attach, commandeer, confis-
obtain, pick up, procure, profit, prosper, realize, reap, reap cate, decorare, distrain, execute, exornare, impound, instruere,
profits, reap rewards, reap the benefit of, receive, secure, levy upon, seize, seize and appropriate, sequester, seques-
succeed, take, thrive, turn to account, win, yield returns trate
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accrued gain, activity for gain, annual
gain, business gain, capital gains, economic gain, gainful GARNISHMENT, noun annexation, appropriation, con-
employment, long-term capital gain, net gain, pecuniary fiscation, dispossession, distraint, distress, divestiture, ex-
gain, private gain, short-term capital gain ecution, expropriation, impoundment, levy, seizure
FOREIGN PHRASES: Nemo debet aliena jactura locupletari. ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: attachment, enforcement of judg-
No one ought to gain by another’s loss. ments, equitable garnishment, execution, garnishment of a
debt, lien
GAINFUL, adjective advantageous, beneficial, fertile,
fruitful, lucrative, lucrosus, money-making, paying, produc- GARRULOUS, adjective babbling, chattering, chatty,
tive, profitable, quaestuosus, remunerative, rewarding, communicative, declamatory, effusive, eloquent, gabby,
useful, valuable, well-paying, worthwhile glib, gossiping, gossipy, indiscreet, leaky, long-winded,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: gainful employment loquacious, prattling, talkative, tattling, verbose, wordy

GAINSAY, verb act against, be contrary, conflict with, GATHER (Accumulate), verb accrue, aggregate, assume,
contest, contradict, contravene, controvert, counter, deny, batch, collect, compile, concentrate, congregate, conjoin,
disaffirm, disagree, disallow, disavow, disclaim, dispute, connect, convene, cull, deduce, deduct, extract, gain, gar-
dissent, forbid, impugn, negate, oppose, oppugn, protest, ner, gather, harvest, hold, join, mass, obtain, pick, pluck,
rebut, refuse to admit, refute, reject, repudiate, speak procure, read, reap, secure, store
against, take exception to, take issue with, traverse
GATHER (Compile), verb amass, assemble, bring to-
GALVANIZE, verb animate, arouse, astonish, astound, gether, cluster, glean, group, harvest, hoard, marshal,
confound, dumbfound, electrify, enkindle, excite, fluster, meet, mobilize, muster, pick, pluck, rally, secure, stockpile
foment, impress, infuse new life into, inspire, inspirit, over-
whelm, petrify, put about, quicken, shock, spur on, stagger, GATHERING, noun accumulation, aggregate, aggre-
startle, stimulate, stir, strike dumb, stun, stupefy, thrill, turn gation, amassment, assemblage, assembly, caucus, cham-
one’s head, wake ber, collection, company, compilation, concentration, con-
clave, conference, confluence, conflux, congregation,
GAMBLE, verb alea ludere, bet, chance, lay a wager, lay convention, convergence, convocation, cumulation, for-
money on, play for money, play for stakes, practice gaming, gathering, gang, ingathering, mass, meet, meeting, mob,
risk, speculate, stake, take a chance, try one’s luck, wager mobilization, multitude, muster, pack, rendezvous, selec-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bookmaking, gambling apparatus, tion, throng, turnout
gambling device, gambling houses
GAUGE, verb adjudge, appraise, appreciate, arrive at a
GAME CHANGE, noun adjustment, alteration, amend- conclusion, ascertain, assess, calculate, calibrate, class,
ment, c-change, change in direction, change in focus, compute, consider, decide, deduce, determine, draw an
changeover, conversion, entire makeover, major alteration, inference, estimate, evaluate, exercise judgment, fathom,
major change, major difference, major modification, major form an estimate, form an opinion, imagine, judge, make
transformation, metamorphosis, modulation, monumental an estimation, measure, metiri, opine, rank, rate, set a value
difference, refashioning, reform, remodel, revamp, review, on, size up, suppose, surmise, survey, valorize, valuate,
revision, revolutionary change, shift, supplantation, trans- value, weigh
formation, transition
GAVEL, noun club, device to gain order, hammer, in-
GAMUT, noun breadth, circuit, compass, complete se- strument of control, means of control, symbol of office,
quence, complete series, extent, length, limit, progression, mallet, wooden mallet
range, reach, scope, span, stretch, sweep, vastness, whole ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: parliamentary procedure
range, width
GAY, noun homoerotic, homophile, homosexual, les-
GARBLE, verb bewilder, befuddle, blur, cloud, compli- bian, life partner, same sex partner
cate, confound, confuse, discombobulate, fog, jumble, mix ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: gay marriage
up, muddle, mystify, nonplus, obfuscate, obscure, perplex,
scramble GAY MARRIAGE, adjective homosexual, homosexu-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: plain language ally bonded, homosexually joined, homosexually married,
lesbian bonded, lesbian joined, lesbian married, same sex,
GARISH, adjective bedizened, blatant, blinding, cheap, same sex wedded
cheaply magnificent, coarse, crude, dazzling, flamboyant, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: gay rights

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GENDER, noun female, category, class, classification, GENERAL PRINCIPLES, noun approach, course of ac-
delineation, kind, male, neuter, sex, sexuality, type tion, line of action, mode of management, modus operandi,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: gender law overall approach, policy, procedure, strategy

GENDER BIAS, noun gender prejudice, one-sidedness, GENERAL RELEASE, noun absolute resolution, all-en-
partiality, partisanship, prejudice, sexual discrimination, compassing release, clearance, complete discharge, com-
unequal treatment, unfair treatment, unfairness, unlawful plete release from liability, comprehensive release, discul-
treatment of a protected class pation, disposal, excusal, exemption, full extrication,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: employment law relinquishment, solution

GENDER DISCRIMINATION, noun favoritism, gender GENERALITY (Bulk), noun better part, biggest part,
bias, gender prejudice body, common run, greater part, greatest number, largest
Generally: intolerance, one-sidedness, partiality, partisan- part, main body, main part, majority, mass, predominant
ship, sexual discrimination, unfairness part, preponderance, preponderancy, preponderation,
principal part, universality
GENE PATENT, noun biotech patenting of genes, own-
ership of gene design, owning a gene patent, patenting a GENERALITY (Vague statement), noun abstraction, broad
gene and its characteristics, protecting genetic research statement, general law, general principle, general rule, gen-
eral statement, generalization, imprecision, inexactitude, in-
GENERAL, adjective accepted, average, broad, catholic, exactness, loose statement, principle, simplistic statement
characteristic, common, common to many, communis, cus-
tomary, ecumenical, epidemic, extensive, generalis, habitual, GENERALIZATION, noun appraisal, assumption, atti-
illustrative, inclusive, not partial, not select, open to all, ordi- tude, broad statement, conclusion, estimate, estimation,
nary, pandemic, popular, prevailing, prevalent, regular, rel- general statement, generality, guide, hypothesis, illation,
evant to all, representative, rife, standard, sweeping, typical, imprecise statement, inexact statement, inference, obser-
undisputed, universal, unrestricted, usual, vast, widespread vation, postulate, postulation, premise, presumption, pre-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: general agency, general agent, general supposition, supposal, supposition, theorization, theory
appearance, general applicability, general assignment for the
benefit of creditors, general bequest, general brokerage, GENERALIZE, verb assume, conclude, deal in gener-
general circulation, general creditor, general damages, gen- alities, discuss in the abstract, draw inferences, generatim,
eral denial, general election, general issue, general jurisdic- hypothesize, ignore distinctions, loqui, make a generaliza-
tion, general legacy, general lien, general obligation, general tion, suppose, surmise, theorize, universalize, universe
power of appointment, general release, general statute, gen-
eral strike, general verdict, general welfare GENERALLY, adverb as a rule, chiefly, commonly, cus-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Generale tantum valet in generalibus, tomarily, extensively, for the most part, habitually, in general,
quantum singulare in singulis. That which is general pre- in most cases, in the main, in the usual course of things,
vails in general matters, as that which is particular prevails in mainly, most frequently, most often, naturally, normally, on
particular matters. Generalibus specialia derogant. Special the whole, ordinarily, principally, regularly, usually, without
words derogate from the meaning of general ones. Generalis particularizing
regula generaliter est intelligenda. A general rule is to be
understood generally. Generalis clausula non porrigitur GENERALSHIP, noun administration, administrator-
adea quaeantea specialiter sunt comprehensa. A gen- ship, authority, captainship, care, charge, command, direc-
eral clause is not extended to include those things that have tion, directorate, directorship, ductus, guidance, headship,
been previously provided for specially. Statutum general- intendance, intendancy, jurisdiction, lead, leadership, man-
iter est intelligendum quando verba statuti sunt spe- agement, managership, mastership, stewardship, superin-
cialia, ratio autem generalis. When the words of a statute tendency, supervision, supervisorship
are special but the reason general, the statute is to be under-
stood generally. Generalia praecedunt, specialia sequun- GENERATE, verb animate, author, be the cause, beget,
tur. General matters precede, special matters follow. In begin, breed, bring about, bring forth, bring into being,
generalibus versatur error. Error thrives in generalities. bring into existence, call into being, call into existence,
Fraus latet in generalibus. Fraud lies hidden in general ex- cause, cause to be, conduce, construct, contrive, create,
pressions. develop, do, effect, effectuate, elicit, engender, evoke, exe-
cute, fabricate, father, form, formulate, found, frame, gener-
GENERAL AGREEMENT, noun acclamation, accord, ac- are, gignere, give life to, give rise to, inaugurate, induce, ini-
quiescence, affirmance, affirmation, common consent, tiate, institute, invent, kindle, launch, lay the foundation of,
concord, concordance, concurrence, consensus, consent, make, manufacture, occasion, open, originate, parere, pro-
consentaneity, consentience, harmony, like-mindedness, duce, provoke, set in motion, sire, start, undertake, vitalize,
meeting of minds, unanimousness, understanding, union, vivify
universal agreement
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bilateral agreement, conditioned GENERIC, adjective applicable to a class, blanket,
agreement, executory agreement, express agreement, broad, collective, common, comprehensive, general, inde-
implied agreement, parole agreement terminate, inexact, nonexclusive, nonspecific, not particu-
lar, not special, sweeping, universal, unspecified, wide
GENERAL MEANING, noun connotation, content, cor- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: generic name, trade name, trademark
nerstone, drift, essence, essential matter, essential part,
gist, idea, implication, import, important part, main point, GENEROUS, adjective altruistic, beneficent, benevolent,
marrow, meat, principle, purport, quintessence, sense, big-hearted, bountiful, capacious, charitable, chivalrous,
significance, substance, sum and substance, tenor copious, decent, donative, gracious, humane, kind, kindly,

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magnanimous, meritorious, munificent, noble, philanthropic, grow, produce, progress, pullulate, sprout, thrive, vege-
unselfish, warmhearted tate, yield

GENESIS, noun beginning, birth, commencement, cra- GERRYMANDER, verb arrange beneficial political bound-
dle, creation, dawn, derivation, exordium, formation, foun- aries, create new political boundaries, devise new political
dation, inception, inchoation, incipience, incipiency, incun- boundaries, doctor redistricting, engineer new political
abula, initiation, introduction, launching, nativity, onset, boundaries, engineer new political lines, finagle, finesse
origin, origination, outset, provenance, rise, root, source, new political districts, manipulate political districts, master-
start mind, new political boundaries, tamper with drawing politi-
cal districts, use machinations to draw new boundaries
GENETIC, adjective atavistic, congenital, hereditary,
incarnate, ingrained, inherited, innate GESTURE, noun characterization, connotation, delinea-
tion, enunciation, expression, illustration, image, indica-
GENETIC ENGINEERING, noun a carbon copy created by tion, indicator, manifestation, mark, means of expression,
genetic engineering, a copy created by genetic engineering, picture, portrayal, representation, sign, signal, signification,
a double created by genetic engineering, a facsimile created symbolization, waive
through genetic engineering, an exact copy created through
genetic engineering, clone, duplication created by genetic GET, verb accumulate, achieve, acquire, appropriate,
engineering, production of a copy, production of a copy attain, capture, collect, earn, elicit, gain, gain possession of,
through genetic engineering, production of multiple identi- gather, harvest, obtain, possess, procure, realize, receive,
cal copies, propagation asexually, propagation from a clone recover, secure, seize, take, take over, take possession of
cell, replication created by genetic engineering, replication ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: devices and bequests under a will,
through genetic engineering, reproduction asexually laws of intestacy
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bioethics, computer clone, embryo
splitting, human clone GET ACROSS, verb broadcast, clarify, communicate,
communicate effectively, convey, decipher, decode, define,
GENIUS, noun aptitude, brilliant intellect, cognition, deliver, demonstrate, demystify, descramble, disambiguate,
creative power, endowment, expert, gift, ingenuity, in- disseminate, elucidate, enlighten, enunciate, explain, explain
sight, inspiration, intellect, intelligence, mastermind, natu- in plain language, explicate, get through to, illuminate, im-
ral gift, perception, percipience, prodigy, propensity, sa- part, make crystal clear, particularize, simplify, spell out, tell
gacity, science, sense, specialty, talent, wisdom
GET AWAY WITH (Let off), verb absolved, be under the
GENOCIDE, noun annihilation, bloodbath, butchery, radar, escape, escape punishment, escape without any
carnage, decimation, extermination, liquidation, mass de- penalty, found not guilty, get off, get off easy, get off
struction, mass execution, mass extermination, mass mur- lightly, get off with a slap on the wrist, go free, lack evi-
der, mass slaying, slaughter, wholesale murder dence to accuse, lack proof to accuse, let loose, pardon,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: Geneva Convention, War Crimes walk away unscathed
Commission ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: getting away with murder

GENRE, noun breed, category, character, class, classifi- GET AWAY WITH (Put over on), verb accomplish with-
cation, denomination, description, designation, division, out difficulty, carry off, escape notice, get by without any
form, generic class, genus, group, nature, species, specific downside, succeed without a problem
category, specific class, specific type, type, variety
GET EVEN WITH, verb avenge, even the score, exact a
GENUINE, adjective accurate, actual, ascertained, au- price, exact revenge, get back, get justice, get revenge,
thentic, authenticated, bona fide, demonstrable, exact, make reprisals, pay back, reciprocate, reckon with, repay,
factual, forthright, frank, germanus, guileless, honest, in- requite, respond in kind, retaliate, revenge, settle a score,
artificial, legitimate, merus, natural, official, original, strike back at
plain, pure, purebred, real, rightful, simple, sincere, sin-
cerus, sterling, tested, true, unadulterated, unaffected, GHOST, noun apparition, bogey, familiar, ghoul, haunt,
unalloyed, uncolored, uncounterfeited, undisguised, un- imp, incubus, materialization, mystical figure, phantasm,
distorted, unfabricated, unfaked, unfeigned, unfeigning, un- phantom, poltergeist, shadow, specter, spirit, spook, sprite,
fictitious, unimitated, unimpeachable, uninvented, unpre- vision, visitant
tended, unpretending, unpretentious, unquestionable,
unsimulated, unspurious, unsynthetic, unvarnished, valid, GIFT (Flair), noun ability, adeptness, adroitness, apti-
veridical, veritable tude, capability, capacity, cleverness, competence, cun-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: genuine issue ning, deftness, dexterity, dextrousness, endowment, exper-
tise, expertness, facility, faculty, felicity, forte, genius,
GERMANE, adjective accordant, adfinis, affinitive, allied, handiness, inborn aptitude, ingeniousness, ingenuity, in-
applicable, applying to, apposite, appropriate, appurtenant, nate ability, innate quality, instinct, knack, mastery, natura
apropos, apt, associated, bearing upon, belonging to, cog- et ingenium, natural ability, natural quality, proficiency,
nate, concerning, congruent, congruous, connected, corre- qualification, quality, readiness, skill, skillfulness, special abil-
lated, correspondent, fitting, important, pertaining to, perti- ity, special endowment, talent, turn
nent, referring, related, relating, relative, relevant, to the
point GIFT (Present), noun allowance, award, benefaction,
bestowment, contribution, dispensation, donation, dona-
GERMINATE, verb become, bud, burgeon, develop, tive, donum, endowment, favor, grant, gratuity, legacy,
emerge, evolve, flourish, gemmate, generate, germinare, munus, present, presentation, tribute

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ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: absolute gift, acceptance of a gift, essential part, focal point of the complaint, foundation of a
bequest, charitable gift, class gift, conditional gift, contin- suit, gravamen, gravamen of a charge, gravamen of the
gent gift, delivery of a gift, devise, donative intent for a complaint, great point, ground, important point, keystone,
gift, executory gift, expectation of a gift, future gift, gift main charge, main point, object of the action, outstanding
causa mortis, gift for a public purpose, gift in contemplation feature, pith of a matter, point, principal part, principal
of death, gift in praesenti, gift to take effect at death, illusory point, reason, reason for which suit is commenced, salient
gift, incomplete gift, intervivos gift, qualified gift, revocable point, substance, substantial part of a complaint, sum and
gift, testamentary gift, unconditional gift, verbal gift substance, ultimate cause
FOREIGN PHRASES: Invito beneficium non datur. A benefit is ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: gist of a cause of action, gist of an of-
not conferred upon a person against his will. Modus fense, gist of the complaint
legem dat donationi. Custom gives validity to the gift.
Ubi et dantis et accipientis turpitudo versatur, non GIST (Substance), noun backbone, basis, broad meaning,
posse repeti dicimus; quotiens autem accipientis turpi- connotation, core, drift, essence, essential meaning, essen-
tudo versatur, repeti posse. Where there is turpitude by tial part, fundamentals, general meaning, idea conveyed,
both the giver and receiver, we say it cannot be recovered implication, import, index, intrinsic nature, marrow, matter,
back; but whenever the turpitude is in the receiver only, it meaning, pith, primary meaning, purport, quiddity, quintes-
can be recovered. Non valet donatio nisi subsequatur sence, real content, reality, root, sense, spirit, substantial
traditio. A gift is invalid unless accompanied by posses- meaning, sum and substance, tenor, true meaning, vital prin-
sion. Nemo dare potest quod non habet. No one is able ciple
to give that which he has not. Nemo praesumitur don-
are. No one is presumed to have made a gift. Inter alias GIVE (Grant), verb accord, adminster, afford, allot, assign,
causas acquisitionis, magna, celebris, et famosa est award, bequeath, bestow, cede, commit, concede, confer,
causa donationis. Among other methods of acquiring consign, contribute, deal, deed, deliver, devise, devote, dis-
property, there is a great, frequently used, and famous pense, dispose of, distribute, donate, endow, entrust, equip,
means, that of gift. Cujus per errorem dati repetitio est, furnish, impart, indulge, leave, make a gift, make a presenta-
ejus consulto dati donatio est. That which when given tion, pass, present, prodere, proffer, provide, remit, submit,
through mistake can be recovered back, when given delib- supply, surrender, transfer, transmit, turn over, vouchsafe, will
erately is a gift. Cujus est dare, ejus est disponere. He ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bequeath, convey, deliver, devise,
who has a right to give, has the right to dispose of the gift. dispose, give judgment, give notice
Nul charter, nul vente, ne nul done vault perpetual- FOREIGN PHRASES: Praesentare nihil aliud est quam
ment, si le donor n’est seise al temps de contracts de praesto dare seu offere. To present is no more than to
deux droits, sc. del droit de possession et del droit de give or offer forthwith.
propertie. No grant, no sale, no gift, is valid forever, un-
less the donor, at the time of contract, has two rights, GIVE (Yield), verb abate, become flexible, become less
namely, the right of possession and the right of property. rigid, become pliant, collapse, compromise, concede, crum-
Sola ac per se senectus donationem testamentum aut ble, deponere, ease, loosen, retreat, sag, soften, surrender
transactionem non vitiat. Old age alone and of itself will
not vitiate a will or gift. Qui sciens solvit indebitum do- GIVE AND TAKE, noun accommodation, an exchange
nandi consilio id videtur fecisse. One who knowingly of ideas, arguments, banter, barter, bicker, collaboration,
pays what is not due is deemed to have done it with the communication, compromise, contention, conversation, di-
intention of making a gift. Legatum morte testatoris tan- alogue, disagreement, discussion, discussion of positions,
tum confirmatur, sicut donatio inter vivos traditione ideas bandied about, interaction, interchange, negotiation,
sola. A legacy is confirmed by the death of a testator, in back and forth, quibbling, repartee, sparring, squabbling,
the same manner as a gift, as between living persons is thrashing out of ideas
confirmed by delivery alone. Donatio perficitur posses- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: collective bargaining
sione accipientis. A gift is perfected by the possession of
the receiver. Confirmatio est nulla ubi donum prae- GIVE IN, verb abandon, abjure, abnegate, accede,
cedens est invalidum. A confirmation is a nullity where allow, authorize, capitulate, cede, commit, concede, con-
the preceding gift is invalid. Dans et retinens, nihil dat. sign, deliver, demit, demur, deny, desert, disavow, discard,
A person who gives and retains possession, gives nothing. forsake, give up, leave, permit, quit, relinquish, render, re-
Donari videtur, quod nullo jure cogente conceditur. nounce, resign, shed, step aside, step down, surrender,
That is considered to be given which is transferred under turn over, vacate, waive, yield
no legal compulsions. Donator nunquam desinit possi-
dere, antequam donatorius incipiat possidere. A donor GIVE NOTICE, verb air, announce, assert, blazon, brief,
never ceases to possess until the donee begins to possess. broadcast, caution, declare, disclose, divulge, enlighten,
Donatio non praesumitur. A gift is not presumed to have express, fill in, herald, hint, inform, make known, mention,
been made. Dona clandestina sunt semper suspiciosa. notify, post, publicize, report, reveal, state, warn
Clandestine gifts are always open to suspicion. ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: public notice

GIMMICK, noun artifice, contrivance, deception, design, GIVEN (Certain), adjective absolute, accustomed,
device, flimflam, gadget, invention, maneuver, method, plan, agreed, assured, automatic, committed, customary, defi-
ploy, ruse, scheme, secret device, snag, stratagem, strategy, nite, disposed, guaranteed, habituated, indubious, linded,
subterfuge, trap, trick pledged, practiced, predisposed, seasoned, solid, stan-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: false advertising dard, sure, used, willing

GIST (Ground for a suit), noun alleged reason, base, GIVEN (Donated), adjective administered, afforded,
basis, basis of argument, basis of litigation, cardinal point, aided, allocated, allotted, assisted, benefited, bestowed,
cause, cause of action, essential ground, essential matter, committed, conferred, contributed, departed with,

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dispensed, doled out, endowed, extended, furnished, make illustrious, overestimate, panegyrize, praise, praise
gifted, granted, guaranteed, handed out, helped, imparted, highly, promote, raise, recognize, recommend, regard, re-
issued, lavished, meted out, presented, proffered, prom- nown, revere, rhapsodize, romanticize, tout, treasure,
ised, provided, rendered, sacrificed, tendered trumpet, uplift, worship

GLANCE, verb behold, briefly observe, catch a brief look GLORIOUS, adjective admirable, august, awe inspiring,
at, catch a glimpse of, glimpse, look, peek, picture, scan, beautiful, blissful, brilliant, captivating, celebrated, celestial,
see, skim, snatch a glimpse, sneak a look at, sneak a peek charming, commanding, conspicuous, delectable, delight-
at, view quickly, watch, witness ful, dignified, distinguished, ebullient, ecstatic, elated, ele-
vated, eminent, enchanting, enjoyable, enraptured, en-
GLARING, adjective apparent, blatant, bright, brilliant, tranced, esteemed, estimable, exalted, excellent, exemplary,
clear, conspicuous, crude, distinct, downright, egregious, exultant, fabulous, famed, famous, far-famed, festive, glori-
evident, extreme, flagrant, flamboyant, flashy, flaunting, fied, grand, gratifying, grave, great, halcyon, heavenly, he-
garish, glittering, intense, loud, manifest, noticeable, noto- roic, honorable, honored, illustrious, immortal, immortal-
rious, obtrusive, obvious, open, ostentatious, outrageous, ized, imperial, impressive, jubilant, lofty, magnificent,
outright, overt, patent, penetrating, perceivable, percepti- majestic, marked, marvelous, memorable, meritorious,
ble, piercing, prominent, pronounced, salient, self-evi- named, noble, notable, noted, notorious, overjoyed, peer-
dent, sensational, spectacular, stark, striking, unequivocal, less, praiseworthy, preeminent, prestigious, princely, regal,
vivid, vulgar remarkable, renowned, royal, serene, spectacular, splendid,
stately, striking, sublime, successful, superb, superior, su-
GLEAN, verb accumulate, aggregate, amass, assemble, preme, surpassing, surprising, time-honored, towering,
batch together, bring together, collect, cull, cumulate, draw transcendent, triumphant, unique, unrivaled, victorious,
together, extract, facere, garner, gather, harvest, lay in well-known, winning, wonderful, wondrous, worthy
store, obtain, pick up, procure, save, scrape together
GLORY, verb acclaim, adore, aggrandize, apotheosize,
GLIMPSE, verb blink, browse, catch, glance at, look applaud, belaud, boost, canonize, celebrate, cherish, com-
over, notice, peek, peep, peruse, rake, scan, see, skim, pliment, consecrate, deify, dignify, elevate, ennoble, en-
squint, view shrine, extol, flatter, gratify, hail, honor, idealize, idolize,
increase, laud, lift, lionize, magnify, praise, promote, raise,
GLOBAL, adjective all-embracing, all-inclusive, com- recognize, recommend, renown, rhapsodize, romanticize,
plete, comprehensive, extensive, far-reaching, interna- tout, treasure, trumpet, worship
tional, nonsectarian, omnipresent, overall, pandemic, pre-
vailing, prevalent, total, universal, widespread, world-wide GLUTTONOUS, adjective crapulent, crapulous, de-
bauched, edacious, excessive, greedy, immoderate, inabsti-
GLOBAL WARMING, noun adamantine, austere fore- nent, incontinent, indulgent, inordinate, insatiable, intemper-
casts, callous, extreme weather, fierce weather, foreboding ate, omnivorous, orgiastic, ravenous, unrestrained, voracious
weather patterns, hard weather, harsh weather, intractable
weather conditions, merciless climate changes, obstinate GO, verb abandon, advance, amble, budge, decamp,
weather, rigorous weather patterns, rough weather, severe decease, demise, depart, disappear, emigrate, evacuate, flit,
weather, stark climate changes, tough conditions, unforgiving gain ground, hie, hike, journey, leave, make a journey, make
conditions, unrelenting climate change, unyielding weather off, make progress, march, meander, migrate, move, pace,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: cap and trade, reducing the use of part, part company, pass away, peregrinate, perish, proceed,
carbon fuels promenade, quit, retreat, ride, roam, rove, set out, slip
away, steal off, stride, strut, succumb, take flight, take wing,
GLOOM, noun affliction, anguish, apprehension, bitter- traipse, travel, tread, trek, trudge, walk, wander, wend, with-
ness, blackness, chagrin, cheerlessness, cloud over, dark- draw
ness, dejection, depression, desolation, despair, despond-
ency, dimness, distress, doldrums, dolor, dullness, dumps, GO (Start), verb begin, carry on, commence, continue,
foreboding, gloominess, grief, heaviness, low spirits, ma- embark upon, inaugurate, initiate, keep going, maintain,
laise, melancholia, melancholy, misery, misgiving, morbid- originate, persist, proceed
ity, moroseness, mortification, mourning, obscurity, oppres-
sion, overcast, pensiveness, pessimism, sadness, shade, GO (Travel), verb get away, go to, jet to, journey, jour-
shadow, sorrow, sullenness, the blues, the doldrums, vexa- ney to, leave, take a cruise to, take a plane to, tour, travel
tion, weariness, woe by car to, travel to, vacation to

GLOOMY, adjective bleak, cheerless, chill, Cimmerian, GO-AHEAD, noun acceptance, accord, affirmance, af-
cloudy, cold, comfortless, dark, darkening, depressing, firmation, agreement, approval, assent, authorization, com-
depressive, desolate, dire, disconsolate, dismal, doleful, pliance, confirmation, consent, endorsement, green light,
drear, dreary, elegiac, forlorn, funereal, glum, lonesome, imprimatur, leave, liberty, license, nod, okay, permission,
lugubrious, melancholy, miserable, morbid, morose, ratification, sanction, say-so, sign-off, special permission,
mournful, ominous, saturnine, solemn, somber, sullen validation, willingness

GLORIFY, verb acclaim, adore, aggrandize, apotheo- GO ALONG WITH, verb accede to, acquiesce to, affiliate
size, applaud, beatify, belaud, bless, boost, brighten, can- with, agree to, agree in opinion, agree on, agree with, allow,
onize, celebrate, cherish, compliment, consecrate, deify, amalgamate with, approve, arrive at an agreement, assent,
dignify, elevate, ennoble, enshrine, enthrone, exalt, extol, associate, band, coadunate, cohere, collaborate, collude,
flatter, glamorize, gratify, hail, honor, idealize, idolatrize, combine, come to an agreement, come to an understanding,
idolize, immortalize, increase, laud, lift, lionize, magnify, come to terms, comply, concur, confederate, conform,

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conform to, conjoin, consent, consolidate, conspire, cooper- gone away, inefficacious, irrecoverable, irredeemable, irre-
ate, correspond, countenance, echo, give in to, go with, trievable, irreversible, left, lost, no more, not present, null,
grant, harmonize, join forces with, league with, merge with, over, used up, vanished, void
pull together, ratify, sanction, side with, stand together, sub-
mit to, unite efforts with, work together with, yield to GONE (Unremembered), adjective ancient, distant,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: settlement elapsed, forgotten, lapsed, not recalled, not remembered,
old, out of sight, over, unrecalled, unrecollected
GO-BETWEEN, noun agent, appeaser, arbiter, arbitrator,
broker, buffer, conciliator, connecting link, connection, con- GOOD (Favorable), adjective admirable, ample, apt,
tact, contractor, dealer, delegate, diplomat, interagent, in- auspicious, beneficial, capital, choice, clean, cordial, correct,
terceder, intercessor, intermediary, intermediate, interme- estimable, ethical, excellent, fair, favorable, fine, first-rate,
diate agent, intermediator, interpres, judge, liaison, link, genial, healthful, innocent, legitimate, palatable, praisewor-
mediary, mediator, middleman, moderator, negotiator, om- thy, preferable, proper, propitious, reliable, replete, respon-
budsman, pacifier, peacemaker, procurer, propitiator, recon- sible, right, rightful, salubrious, salutary, savory, select,
ciler, referee, representative, spokesman, umpire, vehicle seemly, serviceable, solid, sound, sterling, sufficient, unsul-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: arbitration, conduit, court system, lied, untainted, wholesome, worthy
mediation
GOOD (Nice), adjective apt, agreeable, bona fide,
GO TO CONTRACT, verb close, come to an agreement, chaste, commendable, conscientious, cordial, decent, deco-
conclude, covenant, enter into an agreement, make terms, rous, devout, dutiful, estimable, ethical, exemplary, genial,
obligate oneself, pledge, settle with genuine, honest, honorable, human, just, kind, likeable,
meritorious, moral, pious, proper, pure, reliable, righteous,
GO UP AGAINST, verb act in opposition to, argue sapid, seemly, sincere, solid, sufficient, toothsome, upright,
against, attack, battle, be at cross purposes, be contrary valid, valuable, virtuous, well-behaved, wholesome, worthy
to, be on the opposite side of, be on the other side of, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: Good Samaritan
challenge, collide, combat, confront, confute, contend, con-
test, contradict, contravene, controvert, counter, counter- GOOD (Skilled), adjective competent, correct, first-
act, counterattack, counterbalance, countermine, counter- rate, fit, proficient, right, select, skilled, tiptop
poise, countervail, counterweigh, counterwork, debate, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: a licensed practitioner in good standing
defy, demur, deny, disaffirm, disagree, disapprove, dispute,
encounter, go contrary to, join issue, land into, negate, ob- GOOD (Benefit), noun advantage, benefit, blessing,
ject, obstruct, offer resistance, oppose, oppugn, prevent, enjoyment, excellence, favor, gain, happiness, improve-
prohibit, protest, put in opposition, rebut, refute, reject, ment, item, kindness, prize, profit, prosperity, service,
remonstrate, repel, resist, set against, stand firm against, weal, well-being, windfall
stand on the other side of, take a stand against, take excep-
tion to, take issue with GOOD (Virtue), noun caliber, character, ethics, honesty,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: litigation integrity, merit, probity, rectitude, righteousness, value,
veracity, weal, worth
GOAD, noun catalyst, encouragement, fillip, impetus,
incentive, incitement, inducement, instigation, lash, pique, GOOD BEHAVIOR, noun character, correctness, de-
pressure, prick, prod, provocation, spur, stimulant, stimu- cency, decorum, ethics, etiquette, fitness, good conduct,
lus, thorn, tickler goodness, high-mindedness, honesty, honor, incorruptibil-
ity, integrity, irreproachability, moral rectitude, morals,
GOAD, verb abet, agitate, annoy, arouse, badger, bait, propriety, rectitude, righteousness, right-mindedness,
bring pressure to bear on, browbeat, constrain, discompose, scrupulosity, seemliness, uprightness, virtue, virtuousness
egg on, exhort, foment, harass, hector, hustle, impel, incite, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: time off for good behavior as a prisoner
inflame, instigate, invite a quarrel, irritate, jab, lash, moti-
vate, needle, nudge, pique, poke, press, pressure, push, GOOD CAUSE SHOWN, noun legitimate basis proven,
prod, prompt, propel, shove, spur, stimulate, sting, stir up, proper cause demonstrated, reasonable basis shown, sub-
taunt, tease, torment, urge, vex, whip, worry stantial cause shown, substantial factors proven, sufficient
foundation shown, sufficient grounds
GOAL, noun aim, ambition, aspiration, design, destina- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: temporary restraining orders
tion, determination, end, fixed purpose, hope, intent, in-
tention, mark, mission, object, objective, plan, predelibera- GOOD FAITH, noun bona fide, goodness, honest ef-
tion, predetermination, premeditation, purpose, resolution, fort, probity, rectitude, sanctity, uprightness
resolve, scheme, set purpose, target ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: good faith attempt, good faith esti-
mate, good faith purchaser, offer in good faith
GONE (Dead), adjective bygone, deceased, defunct, de-
mised, exanimate, expired, extinct, lifeless, passed, passed on GOOD FAITH RELIANCE (Constitutional law), noun
bona fide reliance, detrimental reliance, genuine belief,
GONE (Finished), adjective accomplished, achieved, at good faith doctrine, honest belief, honest reliance, reason-
an end, brought to a conclusion, completed, concluded, able reliance
consumed, consummated, culminated, disposed of, done,
done with, ended, executed, final, over with, past, realized, GOOD FAITH RELIANCE (Contract), noun bona fide
settled, spent, terminated, through reliance, exemption for reliance on a defective warrant
under the exclusionary rule, genuine belief actions are
GONE (Irretrievable), adjective abrogated, absent, an- legal, good faith exception to exclusionary rule, reasonable
nulled, away, canceled, departed, disappeared, flown, person test

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GOOD SAMARITAN, noun aide, aider, altruist, assist- overseeing, presiding, regulating, reigning, restraining, rul-
ant, assister, befriender, benefactor, deliverer, donor, giver, ing, subduing, supervising, swaying, taming, tyrannizing
helper, helping hand, humanitarian, kind person, one who
gives assistance, one who helps another, one who renders GOVERNING PRINCIPLE, noun allowance, autarky,
aid, patron, philanthropist, redeemer, rescuer, succorer, freedom, doctrine, dogma, guideline, limitation, maxim,
unselfish person mode of management, permission, policy, precepts, pro-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: Good Samaritan law cedure, prohibition, protocol, restraint, rule, strategy,
tactics, tenet
GOOD STANDING, noun admiration, appreciation, ap-
probation, approval, enviable reputation, esteem, estima- GOVERNMENT (Administration), noun administratio,
tion, favorable repute, high regard, prestige, respect, rev- authorization, command, control, decision making, direc-
erence, veneration tion, dominion, governance, gubernatio, guidance, jurisdic-
tion, management, power, procuratio, regnancy, regula-
GOODWILL, noun altruism, amity, benefaction, benefi- tion, reign, rule, rulership, state management, statecraft,
cence, benevolence, brotherhood, charity, cheerful consent, statesmanship, stewardship, superintendence, sway
cheerful willingness, commercial advantage, cordiality,
countenance, customer approval, customer encourage- GOVERNMENT (Political administration), noun adminis-
ment, earnestness, established patronage, established pop- tration, agency of the state, authority, body of office holders,
ularity, established reputation, favor, favorable disposition, congress, delegates, ii qui reipublicae praesunt, lawgivers,
favorable regard, friendly disposition, geniality, good name, lawmakers, legislators, ministers, penes quos est reipublica,
good nature, good reputation, helpfulness, humanity, kind- political community, political leaders, political regime, politi-
ness, known name, munificence, patronage, philanthropy, cians, politicos, polity, public servants, representatives, ruling
proven name, public favor, public support, sponsorship, power, sovereign, state managers, statemongers, statesmen
support, sympathy, tolerance, willingness ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: de facto government, de jure gov-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: impairment of good will, sale and ernment, democratic government, federal government,
transfer of good will governmental agency, governmental body, governmental
function, governmental immunity, powers of government,
GOODS, noun appurtenances, articles of commerce, provisional government
assets, belongings, chattels, commodities, consumer dura- FOREIGN PHRASES: Privilegium non valet contra rempubli-
bles, durables, effects, items, materials, paraphernalia, cam. A privilege is of no avail against the state.
personal estate, possessions, produce, products, property,
resources, staples, stock, stock-in-trade, supplies, things for GOVERNOR, noun caretaker, director, elected official,
sale, vendibles executive, executive leader, government official, highest
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bulk sale, chattels, foreign goods, state official, politician, potentate, public official, statesman
goods and chattels, goods sold and delivered, personalty, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: executive branch of government
sale of goods, special goods, tangible goods
GRACE, noun absolution, clemency, concession, excuse,
GOVERN, verb administer, administrate, assume com- favor, forbearance, forgiveness, indulgence, pardon, reprieve
mand, be in power, coercere, command, conduct, control,
dictate, direct, dominate, enact, exercise authority, exercise GRACE PERIOD, noun concession, exemption, leni-
power over, exert authority, give orders, guide, have au- ency, pardon, period of allowance, period of indulgence,
thority, have executive charge of, have jurisdiction over, period of tolerance, reprieve
head, hold authority, hold office, hold sway, lead, legislate,
manage, officiate, order, oversee, pilot, prescribe, preside GRACIOUS, adjective accommodating, affable, agree-
over, prevail on, regere, regulate, reign, restrain, rule, steer, able, amiable, approachable, attentive, benign, benignant,
superintend, supervise, take charge, take command, wield character, charming, congenial, considerate, convivial, cor-
authority dial, correctness, courteous, decency, decorum, ethics, eti-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: governing authority, governing body, quette, fitness, friendly, genial, good conduct, goodness,
governing law high-mindedness, honesty, honor, hospitable, incorruptibil-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Minor minorem custodire non debet, ity, integrity, irreproachability, kind, kindly, moral rectitude,
alios enim praesumitur male regere qui seipsum regere morals, neighborly, obliging, outgoing, polite, propriety,
nescit. A minor ought not to be guardian to a minor, for a rectitude, righteousness, right-mindedness, scrupulosity,
person who knows not how to govern himself is presumed seemliness, sociable, sweet, thoughtful, uprightness, virtue,
to be unfit to govern others. Mitius imperanti melius virtuousness
paretur. The more gently a person commands, the better
he is obeyed. GRADATION, noun class, classification, continuity,
continuum, course, degree, differential, grade, gradual ad-
GOVERNANCE, noun administration, agency, authority, vance, gradualism, graduation, hierarchy, intensity, meas-
bureaucracy, control, dictation, dominance, domination, ure, order, rank, rate, regular progression, sequence, step,
dominion, executive power, government, hegemony, influ- succession, series, stage, standard, variation
ence, jurisdiction, management, mightiness, power, re-
gime, reins of government, rule, supremacy, sway GRADE (Accomplishment), noun achievement, ac-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: corporate governance quirement, attainment, conquest, cut, fulfillment, measure-
ment, pass muster, pass scrutiny, stand the test, success
GOVERNING, verb administering, bossing, bridling,
captaining, conducting, conquering, controlling, curbing, GRADE (Rating), noun achievement, marks, category,
dictating, directing, domineering, heading, inhibiting, lead- evaluation, measurement, merit, performance, rank, ratio,
ing, lording, managing, measuring, micromanaging, results, standing, station, status, success, value

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GRADUAL, adjective by degrees, continuous, creep- which the grant is worthless. A gratia. By grace, not by right.
ing, gradational, graduated, in steps, leisurely, measured, Cuicunque aliquis quid concedit concedere videtur et id,
methodical, orderly, paced, progressive, regular, slow, sine quo res ipsa esse non potuit. Whoever grants a thing is
step-by-step, systematic presumed also to grant that without which the grant of the
thing itself would be of no use. Quaelibet concessio fortis-
GRAFT, noun blackmail, bribery, corruption, exploita- sime contra donatorem interpretanda est. Every grant is to
tion, fraudulent income, hush money, illegal profit, illicit be interpreted most strictly against the grantor. Concessio
profit, illicit revenue, inserere, kickback, money illegally ac- versus concedentem latam interpretationem habere
quired, political corruption, profiteering, property illegally debet. A grant ought to have a liberal interpretation against
acquired, unjust acquisition, unlawful gain the grantor. Nul charter, nul vente, ne nul done vault per-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bribery, corruption, official misconduct petualment, si le donor n’est seise al temps de contracts de
deux droits, sc. del droit de possession et del droit de prop-
GRAND, adjective august, capacious, compendious, ertie. No grant, no sale, no gift is valid forever unless the
comprehensive, dignified, distinguished, elegant, elevated, donor, at the time of the contract, has two rights, namely, the
eminent, exalted, excellent, famous, first-rate, glorious, right of possession and the right of property.
good, grandiose, great, illustrious, imperial, important,
impressive, leading, lofty, magnificent, majestic, mighty, GRANT (Concede), verb accede, accept, accord, ac-
momentous, noble, palatial, paramount, pompous, preem- knowledge, acquiesce, admit, agree, allow, approve, assent,
inent, princely, prodigious, prominent, proud, renowned, authorize, be persuaded, cede, concedere, concur, confer a
splendid, stately, stellar, sublime, superb, superior, su- privilege, consent, dare, empower, enable, express concur-
preme, very magisterial, wide-reaching rence, favor, give, give authority, give clearance, give con-
sent, give leave, give permission, gratify, have no objection,
GRAND LARCENY, noun crime, crime graver than a indulge, let, license, permit, permittere, privilege, recognize,
misdemeanor, crime greater in value than petit larceny, sanction, support, vouchsafe, warrant, yield, yield assent
criminal offense, felony, gross offense, illegality, larceny of ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: grant a franchise, grant a mistrial,
property which exceeds petit larceny, misdeed, offense, grant a motion, grant a right of way, grant a right to a jury
theft, transgression, violation of law, wrongdoing trial, grant an adjournment, grant an easement, grant an
injunction, grant or allowance, granting clause
GRANDILOQUENCE, noun abstruse language, bloated FOREIGN PHRASES: Cui jus est donandi, eidem et vendendi
wording, bombastic wording, complex legalese, convo- et concedendi jus est. One who has a right to give has also
luted wording, inflated wording, legal jargon complexities, a right to sell and to grant.
legalese, legalism, long winded jargon, orotund language,
ostentatious wording, pedantic verbiage, pompous word- GRANT (Transfer formally), verb assign, award, be-
ing, sophisticated legal term, sophisticated legal verbiage, queath, bestow, bestow voluntarily, cede, change owner-
swollen wording, technical language, technical term, tech- ship, concedere, confer, confer formally, confer ownership,
nical wording, turgid wording consign, convey, convey by deed, deed, deliver, demise,
devise, devolve upon, give, give away, give over to, impart,
GRANDIOSE, adjective affected, boastful, bombastic, make a present, make conveyance of, make over, pass, pass
enormous, exorbitant, flamboyant, flashy, flaunting, fustian, over, permittere, present, put in possession, sign over, trans-
grandiloquent, high-sounding, huge, immense, inflated, fer, transfer by writing, transfer ownership, transmit
lofty, magniloquent, mighty, ornate, orotund, ostentatious, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: grant a license, grant a privilege,
pompous, pretentious, showy, stupendous, theatrical, grant a right of way, grant of easement, grant by implica-
tumid, turgid, vainglorious tion, grant by necessity, grant in gross, grant in praesenti,
land grant, proprietary grant
GRANT, noun acknowledgment, allotment, allowance, FOREIGN PHRASES: Quaelibet concessio fortissime contra
appanage, award, benefaction, benefit, bequeathal, be- donatorem interpretanda est. Every grant is to be inter-
quest, bestowal, boon, bounty, concession, devise, dispen- preted most strictly against the grantor.
sation, donation, donum, douceur, endowment, favor, gift,
gratuity, handsel, indulgence, lagniappe, largess, largesse, GRANT AUTHORITY TO, verb accredit, allow, appoint,
legacy, legal cession, libation, oblation, present, reward, assign, authorize, commission, confer a right, consent, del-
subscription, subsidy, subvention egate, depute, deputize, empower, endow, enfranchise,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: express grant, grant and convey, grant entrust, give a mandate to, give permission, give power,
by implication, grant of power, legislative grant, license, invest, invest with power, license, nominate, ordain, sanc-
private land grant, public grant tion, vest, warrant
FOREIGN PHRASES: Resoluto jure concedentis resolvitur jus ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: agent
concessum. When the right of the grantor is extinguished the
right granted is extinguished. Ubi aliquid conceditur, con- GRANT OF RIGHTS, noun authorization, bestowal of
ceditur et id sine quo res ipsa esse non potest. When any- authority, ceding of authority, conveyance of authority,
thing is granted, that also is granted without which it could not conveyance of rights, grant of authority, transfer of rights
exist. Quando aliquis aliquid concedit, concedere videtur
et id sine quo res uti non potest. When anyone grants any- GRANTEE, noun acceptor, beneficiary, devisee, donee,
thing, he is deemed to grant also that without which the thing recipient, taker
cannot be used. Quod sub certa forma concessum vel res- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: grantee of power
ervatum est non trahitur ad valorem vel compensationem.
That which is granted or reserved under a certain form cannot GRANTOR, noun assignor, bequeather, bestower, con-
be twisted into a valuation or compensation. Qui concedit ferrer, contributor, devisor, donator, giver, investor,
aliquid concedit omne id sine quo concessio est irrita. He presenter, rewarder, testator
who grants anything is considered to grant everything without ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: grantor of a power

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 GRAVITATE

GRAPHIC, adjective clear, cogent, coherent, compre- contributory, costless, donated, expenseless, for nothing,
hensible, decorative, delineatory, demonstrative, descrip- free, free of cost, free of expense, given, given away, gratis,
tive, detailed, distinct, effective, energetic, explicatory, not charged, not charged for, not subject to a payment, pro-
explicit, expressive, illustrative, imaginative, lively, lucid, vided without charge, unbought, unpaid, unpaid for, unrec-
lurid, pictorial, precise, realistic, representing, scenic, ompensed, voluntary, without charge, without compensa-
sharp, striking, strong, suggestive, telling, unequivocal, tion, without consideration
vivid, well-delineated ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: gratuitous agency, gratuitous allow-
ance, gratuitous bailment, gratuitous contract, gratuitous
GRAPPLE, verb attack, battle, clasp, clinch, close, close guest, gratuitous invitee, gratuitous licensee, gratuitous
with, clutch, combat, come in conflict with, compete with, service, gratuitous undertaking, gratuitous use
confront, contest, do battle with, encounter, engage with,
fasten upon, fight, get hold of, grasp, grip, hang on, hold, GRATUITOUS (Unwarranted), adjective additional, base-
hold fast, oppose, seize, struggle, tackle, take hold of, take less, causeless, dispensable, excessive, extraneous, gratuitus,
on, tussle, vie with, wrestle groundless, inapposite, inappropriate, inessential, irrelative,
irrelevant, needless, nonpertinent, not fitting, not following,
GRASP (Mastery), noun ability, apprehension, clasp, not necessitated, not pertinent, superfluous, uncalled for,
cognition, compass, competence, comprehension, concep- unconnected, undesirable, undue, unessential, unfounded,
tion, embrace, grip, handle, hold, judgment, ken, knowl- unjustified, unnecessary, unneeded, unprovoked, unrelated,
edge, mastery, perception, purchase, range, reach, reten- unsuitable, unsuited, without basis, without foundation
tion, savvy, scope, seizure, sense, stretch, sweep, thorough ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: gratuitous remarks during an exami-
understanding, understanding nation of a witness

GRASP (Possession), noun clench, clutch, de facto pos- GRATUITY (Bribe), noun corrupting gift, corruption,
session, embracement, grip, hold, purchase, taking hold graft, hush money, illegal gain, influence by a gift, jobbery,
kickback, price, price of corruption, protection, rakeoff, sop,
GRASP, verb apprehend, capture, clasp, clinch, clutch, subornation
cohere, comprehend, conceive, digest, discern, fathom, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bribe receiving, emolument, illegal
gain, get to the bottom of, grab, grapple, grip, hold, hold gratuity, official misconduct, tampering with a witness
firmly, ken, penetrate, realize, recognize, retain, seize, seize
the meaning, sense, snatch, take, understand GRATUITY (Present), noun award, benefaction, bonus,
charity, contribution, dispensation, dole, donative, extra,
GRASSROOTS, adjective basic elements, collective, favor, gift, grant, handout, offering, perquisite, premium,
common, comprehensive, extensive, far-reaching, from the presentation, reward, tip, unearned increment
bottom up, general, general public, global, groundswell,
large-scale, omnibus, ordinary, popular, prevalent, rank and GRAVAMEN, noun burden of a charge, cardinal point,
file, substantial, sweeping, the masses, total, universal center, central point, content, core, cornerstone, crux, es-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: grassroots political support sence, essence of a grievance, essential matter, essential
part, essential point, focal point, gist, gist of a charge, griev-
GRATIFICATION, noun beatitude, benefit, bliss, cheer, ance, key, keystone, main point, material part, material
comfort, delectation, delight, elation, enchantment, enjoy- point, nucleus, pith, pivotal point, principal part, root, salient
ment, exhilaration, felicity, fruition, gladness, glee, happi- point, sine qua non, spirit, substance, substantial cause, sub-
ness, indulgence, joy, jubilation, merriment, pleasure, rap- stantial part of a complaint, sum and substance, thrust
ture, relish, satisfaction, savor, stimulus, thrill, titillation, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: gravamen of a complaint
transport, well-being
GRAVE (Important), adjective chief, consequential,
GRATIFY, verb amuse, appease, assuage, calm, capti- critical, essential, exigent, gravis, imperative, indispensa-
vate, cater to, charm, coddle, comfort, delight, gladden, ble, pressing, serious, serius, substantial, tristis, urgent,
humor, indulge, ingratiate, mollify, mollycoddle, pacify, weighty
pamper, placate, please, pleasure, quench, rejoice, sate,
satiate, satisfy, soothe, spoil, titillate, warm GRAVE (Solemn), adjective cheerless, dolorous, frown-
ing, grim, heavy, humorless, joyless, pensive, sad, satur-
GRATIS, adjective as a favor, complimentary, costless, nine, serious, sober, somber, sorrowful, spiritless, uncheer-
expenseless, for nothing, free, free of charge, free of cost, ful, uncheery, unlively
free of expense, gratiis, gratuito, unbought, unpaid for, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: grave consequences for illegal acts
unrecompensed, voluntary, without charge, without con-
sideration, without monetary inducement, without mone- GRAVE CONSEQUENCES, noun a bleak outcome, a
tary reward, without pecuniary gain, without recompense, deleterious outcome, a deleterious outgrowth, a malignant
without reward scenario, an extremely unfortunate sequence of events,
deleterious aftermath, deleterious developments, delete-
GRATITUDE, noun acknowledgment, appreciation, ap- rious effects, deleterious results, important and significant
preciativeness, deepest appreciation, expression of ap- effects, severe fallout
preciation, genuine appreciation, grace, gratefulness, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: punishment
praise, recognition, responsiveness, sense of indebted-
ness, sense of obligation, sincere appreciation, thankful- GRAVITATE, verb approach, be attracted, be prone to,
ness, thanks draw near, draw toward, have a proclivity for, have a pro-
pensity for, head toward, incline, lean, move toward, tend,
GRATUITOUS (Given without recompense), adjective be- tend toward, trend
stowed, by way of gift, chargeless, charitable, complimentary, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: gravitate to a life of crime

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GRAVITY, noun attraction, attractiveness, concern, con- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: arbitration, exhaustion of contractual
sideration, draw, enormity, greatness, heaviness, heft, im- remedies, grievance committee
port, importance, interest, magnetism, magnitude, materi-
ality, momentousness, ponderosity, ponderousness, pull, GRIEVE, verb ache, aggrieve, anguish, be anguished, be
pulling power, severity, significance, solemnity, weight sad, bemoan, bewail, complain, cry, cut to the quick, deso-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: gravity of a crime late, discommode, distress, feel regret, fret, groan, harass,
lament, languish, moan, mourn, pain, pine, repine, rue,
GRAY AREA, noun ambiguous, blind, borderline, sadden, sorrow, suffer, take to heart, torment, wail, weep
chance, complex, cryptic, contingent, dark, enigmatic,
equivocal, esoteric, foreign, gamble, hidden, indetermi- GRIEVOUS, adjective afflicting, afflictive, agonizing, ap-
nate, mysterious, never experienced before, new, novel, palling, arrant, atrocious, bad, base, bitter, burdensome, cata-
obscure, open question, puzzling, questionable, secret, clysmic, catastrophic, crushing, cutting, deplorable, detrimen-
strange, unascertained, uncalculated, uncertain, unde- tal, dire, disastrous, distressing, doleful, dolorous, dreadful,
cided, undefined, undesignated, undetermined, undis- execrable, glaring, grave, grim, gross, horrible, iniquitous, in-
closed, undiscovered, unexplored, unfamiliar, unfixed, uni- sufferable, intense, intolerable, lamentable, mournful, nefari-
dentified, uninvestigated, unknown, unset, unsettled, ous, oppressive, outrageous, pitiable, piteous, plaintive, raw,
unstudied, untold, untraced rueful, ruinous, sad, severe, shameful, sharp, sorrowful, terri-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: statutory construction ble, torturous, tragical, unbearable, vile, violent, woeful
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: grievous crime
GREAT (Major), adjective able, absolute, adroit, august,
big, bulky, capacious, celebrated, chief, clever, colossal, GROSS (Flagrant), adjective absolute, aggravated, atro-
commanding, compelling, complete, consequential, crack- cious, big, colossal, considerable, deplorable, dire, disgust-
erjack, critical, dandy, dignified, distinguished, elevated, ing, dreadful, easily seen, egregious, enormous, evident,
eminent, enormous, esteemed, exalted, excellent, expert, extreme, fulsome, gigantic, glaring, grave, great, grievous,
extensive, extraordinary, extreme, fabulous, famous, far- heinous, horrible, huge, immense, indelicate, lamentable,
reaching, fine, first-rate, gigantic, glorious, grand, high- large, manifest, massive, monstrous, obvious, odious, of-
minded, huge, illustrious, immense, important, influential, fensive, outrageous, reprehensible, shameful, shocking,
inordinate, large, leading, lofty, magnanimous, main, majes- terrible, unmitigated, utter
tic, major, massive, master, maximum, meritorious, mighty, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: gross fraud, gross inadequacy, gross
momentous, monstrous, noble, notable, noted, outstand- misconduct, gross neglect, gross negligence, gross unfairness
ing, paramount, perfect, potent, powerful, preeminent,
prime, principal, prodigious, proficient, profound, puissant, GROSS (Total), adjective aggregate, all-inclusive, com-
remarkable, renowned, respectable, serious, sizable, skillful, plete, comprehensive, entire, exhaustive, full, inclusive, in-
solid, splendid, strong, sublime, substantial, superior, su- credibilis, intact, inviolate, lacking nothing, magnus, nimius,
preme, topflight, unconditional, vast, very good, weighty plenary, unabridged, unbroken, uncut, undeducted from,
undeleted, undiminished, undivided, unexpurgated, unre-
GREAT (Many), adjective abundant, ample, boundless, duced, unshorn, unshortened, whole, without deductions
considerable, copious, countless, excessive, generous, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: easement in gross, gross earnings,
illimitable, inexhaustible, manifold, many, multitudinous, gross estate, gross income, gross profit, gross receipts,
numerous, unlimited, voluminous gross sales, gross value

GREED, noun acquisitiveness, appetency, avarice, ava- GROSS REVENUES, noun aggregate income, all en-
riciousness, avaritia, aviditas, avidity, covetousness, crapu- compassing revenues, comprehensive earnings, gross in-
lence, cupiditas, cupidity, desire to hoard wealth, eager- come, income without deductions, total proceeds
ness, edacity, excess, gluttonous appettite, gluttony,
greediness, gulosity, incontinence, indulgence, inordinate GROUND, noun assumption, backbone, base, basis,
desire, inordinate desire to gain, insatiability, insatiable- causa, cause, cause for complaint, cause for protest, com-
ness, intemperance, intense desire, lust for money, om- plaint, criticism, data, evidence, fact, footing, foundation,
nivorousness, overindulgence, possessiveness, ravenous- grave injustice, gross wrong, inequity, infliction, iniquity,
ness, selfishness, voraciousness, voracity injury, injustice, justification, motive, objection, oppression,
oppressive act, origin, outrage, premise, principle, proof,
GRIEF, noun adversity, affliction, agony, anguish, anxi- purpose, ratio, rationale, reason, resentment, root, sup-
ety, bereavement, bitterness, broken heart, burden, calam- port, supposition, unjust deed, unjustness, wrong
ity, casualty, catastrophe, chagrin, concern, contrition, deso- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: cause of action, general grounds,
lation, despair, despondency, disaster, discomfort, good and sufficient grounds, ground for complaint, ground
discontent, displeasure, dole, dolor, failure, gloom, griev- of action, grounds of belief, meritorious grounds, reason-
ance, hardship, heartache, heavy heart, ill-fortune, malaise, able grounds
melancholy, misadventure, mischance, misery, misfortune,
mishap, ordeal, pain, remorse, reverse, ruin, sadness, sor- GROUNDLESS, adjective baseless, empty, erroneous,
row, sorrowfulness, strain, tension, tragedy, tribulation, fallacious, false, ill-founded, inaccurate, paralogistic, un-
trouble, vexation, woe, worry founded, unjustifiable, unreal, unreasonable, unsound, un-
substantiated, unsupported, unsustainable, unsustained,
GRIEVANCE, noun affliction, annoyance, burden, cause untenable, untrue, unwarranted, vain, without foundation,
of sorrow, charge, complaint, criticism, discontent, without reality
disservice, foul play, grounds for complaint, hardship, iniq-
uity, iniuria, injury, injustice, objection, oppression, prob- GROUNDS (Cause), noun arguments, base, basis, case,
lem, querela, querimonia, reason to complain, trial, trouble, circumstances, data, determinant, documentation, elements,
unfairness, vexation, wrong evidence, factors, facts, foundation, fundament, justification,

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medium of proof, motive, occasion, principles, proof, pros dependable, ensured, indubious, inevitable, pledged,
and cons, provisions, rationale, reason to believe, terms promised, reliable, safe, secure, secured, solid, sure
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: grounds to convict of a crime, grounds
to impeach, grounds to indict GUARANTEED (Insured), adjective assured, covenanted,
ensured, promissory, warranteed
GROUNDS (Property), noun area, estate, land, lot,
premises, parcel, parcel of land, property, real property, GUARANTOR, noun approver, attester, backer, co-sig-
realty, section natory, cosigner, endorser, guarantee, guaranty, insurer,
obligator, sponsor, subscriber, supporter, surety, warrantor
GROUP, noun affiliation, aggregate, array, assemblage, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: commercial transactions
assembly, association, band, bracket, branch, category, circle,
class, classification, clique, cluster, coalition, collection, com- GUARANTY, noun assurance, backing, bond, certifica-
munity, conglomeration, constituency, corps, crowd, denomi- tion, commitment, endorsement, gage, guard, hypotheca-
nation, faction, family, force, galaxy, gathering, genus, guild, tion, indemnity, insurance, pact, pledge, promise to pay
horde, league, membership, nomination, order, organization, another’s debt, recognizance, safeguard, security, stake,
representation, sect, section, segment, sodality, species, sub- support, surety, token, voucher, warrant, warranty
division, team, throng, troupe, sector, unit, variety ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: absolute guaranty, collateral guaranty,
continuing guaranty, fidelity guaranty, guaranty company,
GROUP, verb adjust, align, allocate, arrange, array, as- guaranty fund, guaranty insurance, guaranty of payment, in-
semble, catalog, categorize, class, classify, cluster, codify, demnity bond, limited guaranty, special guaranty, suretyship
collect, combine, compile, compose, congregate, connect,
convene, coordinate, form into ranks, gather, index, inter- GUARD (Guardian), noun bodyguard, custodian, de-
twine, line up, marshal, match, organize, place, put to- fender, defense, keeper, monitor, palladium, panoply,
gether, rank, register, screen, size, sort, subdivide peace officer, protector, security, sentinel, sentry, surveil-
lance, ward, warden, watchman
GROW (Enlarge), verb accrue, accumulate, advance,
amplify, appreciate, augment, burgeon, dilate, earn inter- GUARD (Safeguard), noun palladium, protection, protec-
est, expand, gain, increase, inflate, intensify, magnify, mel- tor, refuge, safe conduct, safeguard, safekeeping, shield, veil
low, multiply, progress, propagate, pullulate, spread, stem,
strengthen, swell, thrive, wax, widen GUARD, verb be vigilant, beware, care, conserve, con-
trol, cover, defend, detain, ensconce, enshroud, ensure,
GROW (Mature), verb blossom, build, develop, engen- escort, harbor, keep, keep under surveillance, maintain,
der, evolve, expand, germinate, increase, maturate, nur- make safe, monitor, patrol, preserve, protect, safeguard,
ture, progress, pullulate, ripen save, secure, shelter, shield, supervise, sustain, uphold

GROWTH (Evolution), noun advancement, develop- GUARD AGAINST, verb be on the vigil for, be there for,
ment, evolvement, expansion, flowering, fruition, germina- champion, defend, insulate, look out for, overlook, oversee,
tion, improvement, maturation, movement toward adult- preserve, protect, safeguard, secure, shield, stand by the
hood, movement toward maturity, progress, ripening, side of, stand guard over, superintend, take care of, take
sprouting, unfolding measures for, take steps for, watch over
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: guard against crime, guard against fraud
GROWTH (Increase), noun accumulation, addition, ad-
vancement, aggrandizement, amplification, auctus, augmenta- GUARDED, adjective alert, attentive, awake, aware,
tion, distention, enlargement, escalation, expansion, extension, careful, cautious, cautus, chary, circumspect, circumspectus,
heightening, increment, incrementum, inflation, intensification, conservative, defended, discreet, fenced, heedful, in custody,
multiplication, rise, spread, surge, swell, swelling noncommittal, protected, prudent, reserved, reticent, safe,
safeguarded, secured, sheltered, shielded, shy, suspicious,
GRUELING (Difficult), adjective complex, complicated, under surveillance, vigilant, wary, watched over, watchful
difficult, extreme, formidable, hard, harsh, involved, laby-
rinthine, obscure, onerous, opaque, operose, trying GUARDIAN, noun argus, attendant, bodyguard, care-
taker, champion, chaperon, conductor, conservator, curator,
GRUELING (Weakening), adjective debilitating, devital- custodian, custos, defender, defensor, escort, gatekeeper,
izing, enervating, enfeebling, exhausting, fatiguing, oner- guard, keeper, overseer, patron, praeses, preserver, protector,
ous, operose, painful, punishing, sapping, tiresome, tiring, safeguard, safekeeper, sentinel, sentry, sponsor, superintend-
weakening, wearying ent, supervisor, trustee, tutelar, warden, warder, watchman
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: de facto guardian, domestic guard-
GUARANTEE, verb answer for, assume responsibility, ian, general guardian, guardian ad litem, guardian by stat-
assure, back, be responsible for, become liable, become ute, guardian de son tort, guardian of the person, legal
surety for, certify, commit oneself, ensure, fides, give assur- guardian, special guardian, testamentary guardian
ance, give one’s word, guard, hypothecate, impignorate, FOREIGN PHRASES: Tuta est custodia quae sibimet creditur.
insure, make oneself answerable for, obligate, pledge, That guardianship is secure which trusts to itself alone.
promise, safeguard, secure, sponsio, sponsor, stake, sup- Lucrum facere ex pupilli tutela tutor non debet. A
port, underwrite, vadimonium, vouch for, warrant guardian ought not to make money out of the guardianship
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: guarantee a title, guarantee against of his ward. Custos statum haeredis in custodia existen-
breakage, guarantee payment tis meliorem, non deteriorem, facere potest. A guardian
can make the estate of an existing heir under his guardian-
GUARANTEED (Definite), adjective agreed, assured, ship better, but not worse. Minor minorem custodire non
attested, certain, certified, committed, conclusive, definite, debet, alios enim praesumitur male regere qui seipsum

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regere nescit. A minor ought not to be guardian to a turpitude, unlawful practice, unrighteousness, vice, vicious-
minor, for a person who knows not how to govern himself ness, violation, violation of law, vitium, wrong, wrongdoing
is presumed to be unfit to govern others. ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: admission of guilt, finding of guilt,
guilt beyond a reasonable doubt, guilt by association, nolo
GUARDIANSHIP, noun adoption, auspices, care, contendre, presumption of innocence
charge, control, custody, patronage, preservation, protec- FOREIGN PHRASES: Cum par delictum est duorum, semper
tion, protectorship, safekeeping, trust oneratur petitor et melior habetur possessoris causa.
When there is equal fault on both sides, the burden is always
GUESS, verb assume, augurari, be of the opinion, be- placed on the plaintiff, and the cause of the possessor is pre-
lieve, conjecture, deem, divinare, divine, estimate, fore- ferred. Quae sunt minoris culpae sunt majoris infamiae.
judge, form an estimation, gather, have a hunch, hypothe- Those things which are less culpable may be more infamous.
size, imagine, infer, judge, judge at random, judge with Poenae suos tenere debet actores et non alios. Punishment
uncertainty, opinari, opine, postulate, presume, presup- belongs to the guilty and not others. Excusat aut extenuat
pose, reckon, speculate, suppose, surmise, suspect, take delictum in capitalibus quod non operatur idem in civili-
for granted, theorize, think, think likely bus. That excuses or extenuates a wrong in capital cases
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: speculative testimony which would not have the same effect in civil suits.

GUEST, noun boarder, confidante, friend, frequenter, GUILTY, adjective at fault, blamable, blameworthy, cen-
houseguest, inmate, lodger, patron, regular, renter, sharer, surable, chargeable, condemnable, convicted, criminal,
traveler, visitor criminous, culpable, delinquent, deserving of blame, de-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: guest statute serving of punishment, deserving reproof, erring, imputa-
ble, in error, in the wrong, incriminated, indictable, peccant,
GUIDANCE, noun admonition, advice, advisement, advo- reprehensible, reproachable, reprovable, sceleratus, to
cacy, backing, bidding, briefing, coaching, consilium, consulta- blame, transgressing
tion, counsel, criticism, cue, direction, directive, ductus, edifi- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bail, conviction, find the defendant guilty,
cation, education, encouragement, enlightenment, exhortation, guilty as charged, guilty knowledge, guilty of the crime
expostulation, fosterage, help, hint, inculcation, indoctrination, charged, guilty of wrongdoing, innocence, insanity, parole,
information, instruction, lead, leadership, lesson, management, plea of guilty, qualified plea of guilty, sentencing, verdict
monition, opinion, orientation, patronage, pedagogy, persua-
sion, precept, prescription, prompting, recommendation, ref- GUILTY ACT, noun blameworthy action, blameworthy
erence, schooling, sponsorship, steering, suggestion, supervi- conduct, contemptuous action, contrite, culpable act, cul-
sion, teaching, training, tuition, tutelage, tutoring pable action, culpable feat, culpable undertaking, culpable
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: advisory opinion, assistance of coun- wrongdoing, guilty action, guilty behavior, guilty conduc-
sel, declaratory judgment tion, onerous act, onerous action
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: ability to stand trial, conviction, guilty plea
GUIDE, noun advisor, archetype, bellwether, code, con-
ductor, criterion, director, educator, example, exemplar, GUILTY PLEA, noun acceptance of criminal wrongdo-
generalization, indication, instructor, marshal, master, maxim, ing, admission of blame, admission of guilt, admission of
mentor, model, monitor, paradigm, paragon, pattern, peda- punishment, admission of the charges as read, at fault,
gogue, pilot, precedent, precept, preceptor, precursor, pro- blameworthiness, conviction, culpable plea, plea of guilt
totype, rule, sample, specimen, standard, symptom, teacher ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: Fifth Amendment, plea of nolo con-
tendere, right against self-incrimination torture
GUIDE, verb advise, attend, command, conduct, control,
convoy, counsel, direct, dispose, engineer, escort, familiarize GUISE, noun act, affectation, airs, appearance, camou-
with, go ahead, go in the van, inculcate, indicate, indoctrinate, flage, charade, cloak, color, costume, deceit, deception,
inform, instill, instruct, lead, light the way, manage, maneuver, disguise, dissembling, dissimulation, double-dealing, du-
marshal, motivate, officiate, orientate, overlook, oversee, pre- plicity, excuse, facade, fakery, falseness, falsity, fraud, front,
dominate, prescribe, preside, prevail, rear, recommend, regu- gloss, guise, image, impersonation, infidelity, perfidy, per-
late, rule, shepherd, show, steer, superintend, teach formance, persona, portrayal, pose, pretense, pretext,
semblance, show, treachery, treason, unfaithfulness
GUIDELINE, noun advisory limitation, aspect, bench
mark, borderline indication, boundary, confinement, dic- GUN, noun armament, arms, carbine, firearm, lethal
tate, dimension, direction, formula, gauge, general instrument, munition, piece, pistol, repeater, revolver, rifle,
guideline, guide, idea, instruction, key, limitation, margin, shotgun, tormentum, weapon
marker, measure, outer limits, parameter, perimeter, re- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: concealed weapon, deadly weapon
straint, restriction, rule, specific, standard, yardstick
GUN CONTROL, noun check on the sale of guns, con-
GUILT, noun blame, blameworthiness, breach of law, trol of armaments, control of arms, control of firearms,
censurability, corruption, crime, criminal activity, criminal control over weapons, limitations on gun sales, limits on
deed, criminal offense, criminality, criminousness, culpa, owning weapons, private citizen firearm restrictions, prohi-
culpability, delict, delinquency, deviation from rectitude, dis- bition on green sales, prohibition on sale of firearms, pro-
honesty, fault, felonious conduct, ill conduct, immorality, im- hibition on the ownership of arms, regulation on gun sales,
peachability, improbity, improper conduct, iniquity, law- regulation on use of weapons, restrictions on sale of arms,
breaking, malefaction, malfeasance, malpractice, malversation, restrictions on weapon sales
misbehavior, misconduct, misdeed, misdemeanor, misdoing, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: background checks, Brady Law, civil
misfeasance, misprision, noxia, offense, offense against the right to gun possession, gun control, mandatory waiting
law, offensiveness, official misconduct, peccadillo, peccancy, periods, National Rifle Association, right to bear arms,
reprehensibility, reproach, sin, sinfulness, transgression, Second Amendment, trigger locks

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HABEAS CORPUS, noun appeal, application for dis- place, place of abode, place of residence, quarters, resi-
charge, application for liberty, collateral review of deten- dence, settlement, site, tabernacle, tectum
tion, collaterial review, complaint to a higher court, exami-
nation, extraordinary remedy, extraordinary writ, judicial HABITUAL, adjective according to habit, accustomary,
reexamination, petition for release, redress, remedy, re- accustomed, automatic, chronic, common, commonplace,
view, writ, writ for deliverance from illegal confinement, confirmed, constant, consuetudinary, continual, customary,
writ to gain freedom daily, established, expected, familiar, fixed, frequent, gen-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: coram nobis, exhaustion of state rem- eral, ingrained, inveterate, inveteratus, natural, normal, or-
edies, federal writ of habeas corpus, prerogative writ, spe- dinary, periodic, periodical, perpetual, prevalent, recurrent,
cial proceeding, state writ of habeas corpus, writ of inquiry recurring, regular, repeated, rooted, routine, set, standard,
sustained, traditional, typical, usitatus, usual, wonted
HABIT, noun acquired mode of behavior, attitude, char- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: habitual cohabitation, habitual criminal,
acteristic behavior, characteristically repeated action, com- habitual cruel and inhuman treatment, habitual insanity, ha-
mon practice, confirmed way, consuetude, consuetudo, bitual intemperance, habitual intoxication, habitual offender,
convention, conventionality, course of conduct, custom, habitual use, habitual violator, predicate felon, recidivist
customary action, customary conduct, disposition, fashion,
frequently repeated act, habitus, inclination, inveterate prac- HABITUATION, noun acclimation, acclimatization, ac-
tice, leaning, mannerism, mode, mos, observance, particu- customing, adaptation, adjustment, conditioning, confirmed
larity, pattern, peculiarity, practice, predisposition, proclivity, habit, customariness, familiarization, inurement, inveteracy,
propensity, recurrence, repetition, routine, rule, second na- inveterate habit, inveterateness
ture, style, tendency, tradition, trait, usual procedure, way
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: confirmed habits, continued habits, HACKING, verb barging in, breaking into, encroaching,
custom and usage, temperate habits infringing, interceding, interfering, interloping, intermed-
dling, interposing, intervening, intruding, invading, med-
HABITABLE, adjective adequate, appropriate for resi- dling, nosing, obtruding, prying, tampering, trespassing
dence, capable of being inhabited, comfortable, fit for ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: cyberterrorism
dwelling, fit for habitation, fit to be occupied, fit to live in,
habitabilis, inhabitable, livable, occupiable, residential, HACKING INTO, verb breaking in on, breaking into,
suitable, suitable for living in, tenantable breaching, cut in on, force into, gaining access, gaining by
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: warranty of habitability force, interfere, interlope, interrupt, intervene, intrude on,
penetrate
HABITANT, noun abider, boarder, denizen, domiciliary, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: cybercrime, identity theft
dweller, habitator, incola, indweller, inhabitant, inhabiter, in-
mate, lodger, occupant, occupier, resident, residentiary, re- HAGGLE, verb argue, bargain, beat down, bid for, chaf-
sider, settler, sojourner, squatter, tenant, townsman, villager fer, deal, dicker, dispute, drive a bargain, higgle, make
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: residency laws terms, negotiate, palter, quibble, stickle, underbid, wrangle
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: arm’s-length bargaining, bickering
HABITATION (Act of inhabiting), noun abiding, con- over price
tinuance, dwelling, habitancy, inhabitance, inhabitancy,
inhabitation, lodgment, occupancy, occupation, posses- HALLMARK, noun champion, example, exemplar,
sion, remaining, residence, residing, settlement, sojourn, good example, height of perfection, ideal, model, model of
sojournment, tenancy virtue, paramount example, specimen, standard, standard
for comparison, summit, the best
HABITATION (Dwelling place), noun abiding place, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: hallmark law
abode, accommodations, address, domicile, domicilium,
domus, dwelling, habitat, headquarters, home, homestead, HALLOWED, adjective adored, blessed, consecrated,
house, housing, living quarters, lodging, lodgment, nest, divine, glorified, holy, honored, regarded as holy,

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respected, revered, sacred, sanctified, venerated, wor- faultiness, hindrance, hurdle, impairment, impediment,
shiped impedimentum, imperfection, inconvenience, inferiority,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: hallowed law insufficiency, interference, limitation, obstacle, obstruction,
onus, remora, restraint, shortcoming, stumbling block
HALT, noun abandonment, abeyance, armistice, arrest,
block, break, breathing spell, cessation, check, close, closing, HANDLE (Manage), verb administer, be master of, com-
deadlock, delay, desistance, detention, deterrent, discon- mand, conduct, control, deal with, direct, dominate, exe-
tinuance, discontinuation, end, ending, estoppage, estop- cute, exercise authority, exercise direction over, exercise
pel, hesitation, impasse, impediment, inactivity, intermis- power over, exert authority, govern, guide, have authority,
sio, intermission, interruption, lapse, lull, obstruction, have charge of, have the care of, have the direction of, have
pause, prevention, prohibition, recess, remission, respite, under control, hold authority, keep in order, keep order,
rest, shutdown, stalemate, standstill, stay, stop, stopover, keep under control, look after, manipulate, officiate, operate,
stoppage, suspension, termination, time out, truce, wait possess authority, preside over, regulate, reign over, rule,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: freeze, injunction, restraining order see to, superintend, supervise, use, wield, wield authority

HALT, verb adjourn, arrest, balk, bar, bar someone’s way, HANDLE (Trade), verb auction, barter, bring to market,
barricade, block, blockade, break, break off, bring to a stand- carry, carry on a trade, carry on business, carry on com-
still, call a halt, cease, check, come to a stop, consistere, merce, carry on negotiations, chaffer, conduct business,
counteract, curb, cut short, dam, deadlock, debar, defeat, deal in, do business, drive a bargain, effect a sale, ex-
desist, deter, disallow, discontinue, end, estop, foil, forbid, change, exchange in commerce, have commerce, have for
frustrate, hamper, hinder, hold, impede, inhibit, interrupt, sale, hawk, interchange, make a bargain, make a sale, market,
make inactive, obstruct, pause, preclude, prevent, prohibit, merchandise, offer for sale, peddle, put up for sale, sell, sell
put an end to, quell, quit, remain, rest, restrain, restrict, at the market, trade, trade in, traffic in, transact business, vend
stand, stand still, stay, stem, stop, stop an advance, stop
short, subdue, subsistere, suspend, terminate, thwart, wait HANDLING, noun administration, carrying out, con-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: abandon a crime, discontinue an ac- duct, control, direction, discipline, disposition of, effective
tion, injunction, stop and frisk laws management, effectuation, enforcement, governing, guid-
ance, have charge of, management, mastermind, over-
HAMPER, verb arrest, balk, bar, barricade, bind, block, sight, pilot the project, preside over, regulation, rule over,
brake, bridle, burden, check, choke, clog, confine, counteract, superintendence over, supervision over
cramp, curb, debar, delay, deter, encumber, estop, fetter, foil, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: handling of a case, handling of an
frustrate, handicap, hinder, hold back, impede, impedire, im- issue, handling of litigation, handling stolen goods, safe
pedite, implicare, inhibit, intercept, interfere, interrupt, limit, patient handling law
manacle, muzzle, obstruct, oppose, preclude, prevent, rein,
repress, resist, restrain, restrict, retard, shackle, smother, sty- HANDSEL, noun deposit, down payment, earnest
mie, suppress, thwart, trammel, undermine, withhold money, first installment, first payment, first receipts, install-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: hamper a prosecution ment, payment, security, stake money

HAND DOWN AN OPINION, verb adjudge, adjudicate, HANDWRITING, noun autography, calligraphy, chi-
allow, arbitrate, articulate, comment, commentate, con- rographum, chirography, cursive writing, hand, longhand,
clude, decide, determine, editorialize, express, judge, mod- manus, pencraft, penmanship, script, scription, style of
erate, note, observe, opine, prosecute, referee, reflect, re- penmanship, writing
solve, rule, settle, speak, specify, state, umpire, weigh in ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: forgery, handwriting expert, handwrit-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: directed verdict, final judgment, sum- ing sample, holographic wills
mary judgment
HANG, verb condemn to death, corporal punishment,
HAND OVER, verb abandon, abjure, abnegate, accede, deprive of life, dispose of by death, end the life of a con-
capitulate, cede, commit, concede, consign, deliver, demit, demned, inflict capital punishment, inflict mortal punish-
deny, desert, disavow, discard, disclaim, disown, entrust, ment, kill, murder, punish by death, punish with death, put
forfeit, forsake, give up, issue, lay down, part with, present, to death, put to death according to law, slay, snuff out the
release, relinquish, renounce, resign, shed, surrender, life of, terminate the life of
transfer, turn in, turn over, vacate, yield ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: death by lethal injection, death pen-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: disclosure, hand over a defendant, alty, electric chair, gas chamber, right to life
hand over evidence
HAPHAZARD, adjective accidental, adventitious, arbi-
HANDCUFF, noun bond, bridle, chain, collar, fastener, trary, capricious, casual, chance, chaotic, confused, design-
fetter, harness, manacle, manicae, padlock, pinion, shackle, less, desultory, determined by chance, disordered, disor-
trammel derly, fitful, immethodical, indiscriminate, irregular,
nonsystematic, orderless, planless, promiscuous, random,
HANDCUFF, verb belay, bind, bridle, chain, enchain, systemless, unaimed, unarranged, unconsidered, undi-
entrammel, fasten, fetter, gyve, hamper, hold, lash, leash, rected, unforeseen, unguided, unintended, unintentional,
make fast, manacle, pinion, put in irons, render powerless, unmethodical, unorganized, unplanned, unpredictable, un-
rope, secure, shackle, strap, string, tether, tie, tie one’s premeditated, unsorted, unsystematic, without order
hands, tie the hands of, tie up, trammel
HAPPEN, verb appear, arise, arrive, become, become a
HANDICAP, noun affliction, barrier, blemish, bridle, fact, become known, befall, bring to light, come into being,
burden, defect, deficiency, detriment, difficulty, disability, come into existence, crop up, develop, emerge, ensue,
disadvantage, discommodity, drawback, encumbrance, eventuate, issue, materialize, occur, proceed, recur, result,

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take effect, take its course, take place, transpire, turn up, HARBOR, verb afford sanctuary, aid, cache, care for,
uncover, unearth cloak, conceal, cover, defend, ensconce, give refuge,
grant asylum, guard, haven, hide, insure, keep, keep out
HAPPENING, noun action, affair, casus, chance event, of sight, keep safe, keep secret, lodge, look after, main-
course of events, development, episode, event, experi- tain, preserve, protect, provide refuge, provide safety,
ence, incident, matter, occasion, occurrence, phenomenon, provide sanctuary, quarter, safeguard, screen, seclude,
proceeding, transpiration, unfolding secrete, secure, shelter, shield, shroud, stow away, sus-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: unforeseen happening tain, watch
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accessory after the fact, alienation of
HAPPENSTANCE, noun accident, accidental occur- affections, assisting escape, harbor and secrete, harboring a
rence, casualty, chance, chance happening, circum- criminal, harboring a fugitive, harboring an animal
stance, coincidence, fate, fortuitousness, fortuity, inex-
pectation, involuntariness, random luck, serendipity, HARD, adjective arduous, beyond one’s reach, both-
unexpected occurrence, unforeseen occurrence, unpre- ersome, burdensome, complex, complicated, convoluted,
dictability demanding, difficult, enigmatic, grueling, impassable,
impenetrable, incomprehensible, insoluble, insurmount-
HAPPY, adjective animated, at peace, blissful, bright, able, involved, involving obstacles, overwhelming, per-
bubbling over, buoyant, carefree, celebrating, cheerful, plexing, problematic, puzzling, vigorous, strenuous, stub-
cheery, chipper, contented, convivial, delighted, delirious, born, troublesome, unachievable, unavailable
ecstatic, elated, enchanted, enraptured, euphoric, exhila- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: hard-and-fast law, hard choices, hard
rated, exuberant, exultant, favorable, felicitous, festive, flour- lessons learned from law
ishing, full of cheer, fun-loving, genial, glad, good-humored,
intoxicated, jocund, joking, jovial, joyful, jubilant, laughing, HARD-CORE, adjective adamant, constant, decided,
merry, of good cheer, on top of the world, overjoyed, dedicated, determined, devoted, enduring, firm, fixed,
peaceful, pleased as punch, positive, prosperous, radiant, hard, immobile, immovable, inexorable, inflexible, intracta-
rapturous, rejoicing, smiling, sparkling, spirited, thrilled, ble, intransigent, invariable, obdurate, obstinate, opinionated,
thriving, untroubled, upbeat, vivacious, zestful persevering, persistent, recalcitrant, relentless, resolute, rigid,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: happy outcome to litigation set, settled, solid, stanch, steadfast, steady, stern, stiff,
strong, stubborn, tenacious, unbending, unchangeable, un-
HARANGUE, noun abusive speech, bombast, contio, compromising, uncontrollable, undeviating, unwavering,
declamation, declamatory speech, diatribe, disquisition, zealous
effusion, exhortation, expatiation, invective, lecture, prelec- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: pornography
tion, tirade, vehement speech
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: harassment HARDENED, adjective calculated, calculating, callous,
cold, cold-hearted, cruel, cruel-hearted, deliberate, dia-
HARASS, verb acerbate, afflict, aggrieve, agitate, ago- bolic, dispassionate, fiendish, hard, imperturbable, impervi-
nize, alarm, alienate, anger, annoy, arose, arrogate, assail, ous, indifferent, insensitive, passionless, remorseless, ruth-
badger, bagger, be malevolent, bedevil, beset, besiege, less, uncaring, unconcerned, unemotional, unfeeling,
bludgeon, bother, browbeat, burden, coerce, confound, uninterested, unkind, unmerciful, unmoved, unperturbed,
convulse, discomfort, discompose, disconcert, dismay, unrelenting, unresponsive, unsympathetic, untouched
dispirit, disquiet, distress, disturb, enrage, envenom, ex- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: hardened criminal
agitare, exasperate, excite, excruciate, fret, goad, grieve,
harbor a grudge, harrow, harry, haunt, heckle, hurt, ill- HARDLY, adverb almost, almost all, barely, deficient,
treat, ill-use, importance, incense, incommode, infest, in- few, inadequately, incomplete, inconsiderably, insuffi-
flame, infuriate, injure persistently, intimidate, intrude ciently, limited, little, meagerly, not abundant, not plentiful,
upon, irk, irritate, malign, maltreat, miff, misuse, mock, not quite, paltry, rarely, scantly, scarcely, seldomly, spar-
obsess, offend, oppress, outrage, overburden, overdrive, ingly, sparsely, thinly scattered
overrun, overstrain, overtax, overwork, perplex, pester,
pique, plague, prey upon, provoke, rankle, shake up, sol- HARDSHIP, noun adversity, affliction, misfortune, suf-
licitare, spite, strain, terrorize, torment, trouble, tyrannize, fering, travail
unsettle, upbraid, upset, vex, vexare, victimize, wear
down, weigh on HARM, noun aggravation, balefulness, bedevilment,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: barratry, employment law, harassing a damage, damnum, deadliness, detriment, detrimentum,
witness, workplace sexual harassment disablement, disservice, evil, hurt, hurtfulness, ill conse-
quence, ill-treatment, impairment, injury, malignance,
HARASSMENT, noun alarm, annoyance, bother, dis- malignancy, malignity, mischief, misfortune, mutilation,
comfort, disconcertedness, dismay, disregard, disturbance, noxiousness, perniciousness, ruin, scathe, scourge, viru-
enragement, excitement, injury, offense, outrageous be- lence
havior, outrageous conduct pain, provocation, rankle ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accidental harm, bodily harm, forsee-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: employment law, sexual harassment, able harm, irreparable harm, unreasonable risk of harm
workplace violation
HARM, verb abuse, adulterate, afflict, aggravate, attack,
HARBINGER, noun announcer, annunciator, antecursor, be malevolent, bruise, cause pain, corrode, corrupt, cripple,
augur, augury, auspice, courier, crier, forerunner, foretoken, damage, debase, deface, demolish, devastate, disadvan-
forewarning, herald, informer, intelligencer, messenger, tage, disfigure, disserve, do evil, do mischief, do violence,
omen, portent, praenuntius, precursor, premonitory sign, endamage, exacerbate, hurt, ill-treat, ill-use, impair, inca-
presage, proclaimer, prognostic, publicizer, sign, teller, pacitate, infect, inflict injury, injure, laedere, maim, mal-
usher, warning treat, mar, misuse, mutilate, nocere, pervert, plague,

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pollute, ravage, ruin, scathe, scourge, smite, spoil, subvert, harass, harm, harry, hurt, ill-treat, ill-use, inflict pain, injure,
worsen, wound, wrong irritate, lacerate, lancinate, maltreat, misuse, molest, needle,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accidental harm, bodily harm, forsee- outrage, persecute, perturb, pique, plague, provoke, spite,
able harm, irreparable harm, unreasonable harm tease, torment, torquere, try, upset, vex, vexare, wrong
FOREIGN PHRASES: Error scribentis nocere non debit. An
error made by a clerk ought not to prejudice. Qui jure suo HARRY (Harass), verb aggrieve, annoy, badger, bait, be
utitur, nemini facit injuriam. One who exercises his legal offensive, be rude, beleaguer, beset, bother, browbeat,
rights, injures no one. bully, cruciare, deride, discompose, disconcert, displease,
distress, disturb, fluster, fret, haze, heckle, hound, impor-
HARMFUL, adjective afflicting, bad, baleful, baneful, tune, irritate, needle, offend, oppress, persecute, pester,
calamitous, cataclysmic, catastrophic, consuming, con- pique, plague, provoke, rile, ruffle, tease, torment, torqu-
sumptive, corrosive, costly, crippling, cruel, crushing, dam- ere, try, vex, vexare, worry
aging, dangerous, deleterious, destructive, detracting,
detrimental, devouring, dire, disadvantageous, disastrous, HARRY (Plunder), verb assail, attack, create havoc, de-
disserviceable, evil, fell, fiendish, foul, hurtful, illinten- spoil, forage, foray, invade, lay waste, maraud, pillage, raid,
tioned, inexpedient, infectious, injurious, insalubrious, in- ransack, ravage, rob, sack, seize, spoliate, strip
sidious, internecine, malefic, maleficent, malicious, malign,
mephitic, merciless, miasmal, mischievous, morbific, nasty, HARSH, adjective acerb, acerbic, acid, acrid, acrimoni-
nocens, nocent, nocuous, noisome, noxious, noxius, per- ous, ascetic, astringent, austere, biting, bitter, brusque,
nicious, pestiferous, pestilential, pitiless, poisonous, pol- brutal, burning, caustic, corrosive, crude, cruel, despiteful,
luted, ruinous, spiteful, subversionary, subversive, toxic, discordant, disrespectful, draconian, drastic, excessive,
treacherous, troublous, unfavorable, unfortunate, unhealthy, extreme, feral, ferine, ferocious, grating, grim, grueling,
unlucky, unpropitious, unsafe, unwholesome, venomous, gruff, ill-natured, incisive, inclement, inharmonious, inhu-
vicious, wicked, wounding man, inhumane, intense, merciless, mordacious, mordant,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: harmful consequences from an overt noisome, noxious, oppressive, piercing, pitiless, punish-
act, harmful products ing, rancorous, rigorous, rough, ruthless, savage, scathing,
severe, sharp, stern, stinging, strident, stridulous, stringent,
HARMLESS, adjective benign, blunt, gentle, hurtless, surly, truculent, uncomforting, unconsoling, unfeeling, un-
impotent, innocens, innocent, innocuous, innocuus, innox- flattering, ungentle, ungracious, unkind, unkindly, unmerci-
ious, innoxius, inoffensive, nonmalignant, nonpoisonous, ful, unmitigated, unpitying, unsympathetic, untender, viru-
nontoxic, nonvenomous, nonviolent, nonvirulent, power- lent, vituperative, withering
less, tame, trustworthy, unaggressive, unhazardous, unin- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: cruel and unusual punishment, harsh
jurious, unmilitant, unthreatening, weak, without risk penalty, harsh rule
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: harmless beyond a reasonable doubt,
harmless error, hold harmless HASTE, noun acceleration, alacrity, briskness, celerity,
dash, dispatch, eagerness to act quickly, expedition, expe-
HARMONIOUS, adjective accordant, acquiescent, ditiousness, festinatio, flurry, frenzy, hurriedness, hurry,
adapted, adjusted, agreeable, agreeing, allied, amicable, hustle, inability to wait, precipitance, precipitancy, precipi-
apposite, apt, arranged, assenting, becoming, blended, tation, precipitousness, properantia, properatio, quickness,
bonded, canorus, coexistent, coexisting, combined, com- rapidity, rashness, rush, speed, swiftness, urgency, velocity
patible, concinnous, concordant, concors, conforming, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: speedy trial
congenial, congruens, congruent, congruous, consenta- FOREIGN PHRASES: Festinatio justitiae est noverca infortu-
neous, consentient, consistent, consonant, cooperative, nii. The hastening of justice is the stepmother of misfor-
coordinated, correlative, correspondent, corresponding, tune.
equable, fraternal, frictionless, friendly, halcyon, joint,
leagued, matching, pacific, peaceful, pleasant, pleasing, HASTEN, verb accelerate, advance, contendere, dash,
proportional, proportionate, sociable, suitable, suiting, dispatch, drive forward, expedite, facilitate, forward, help
unanimous, united, unstrained, untroubled along, hurry, hurry along, hustle, incite, lose no time, make
haste, maturare, move fast, move quickly, move speedily,
HARNESS, verb control, command, constraint, curb, precipitate, press, pressure, promote, properare, push on,
direct, dominate, get one’s hands around, get the entire put on speed, race, rouse, rush, rush through, speed along,
picture on, govern, guide, handle, instruct, lead, limit, spur, urge on
maintain, manage, operate, overlook, oversee, pilot, rule,
superintend, supervise HATE, noun abhorrence, abomination, anger, animosity,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: harness and control energy, seat belt animus, antagonism, antipathy, aversion, bias, bitterness,
harness laws contempt, detestation, disdain, disgust, dislike, distaste,
enmity, execration, grudge, hatred, horror, hostility, ill feel-
HARP, verb accentuation, attention, beat into the ing, ill will, intolerance, loathing, malevolence, malice,
ground, drill into someone’s head, bother, disturb, dwell malignancy, meanness, odium, prejudice, rancor, repug-
on, emphasize, force, go over and over, hammer into nance, repulsion, resentment, revulsion, scorn, spite, um-
someone’s head, harass, harp on, hassle, persist in, pester, brage, venom, virulence, vitriol
pound into someone’s head, push, reiterate, repeat, state ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: hate crimes
repeatedly
HATE CRIME, noun offense involving animosity toward
HARROW, verb aggrieve, agitate, alarm, annoy, appall, others, offense involving antagonism toward others, of-
assail, badger, bedevil, beset, besiege, bother, browbeat, fense involving discrimination, offense involving enmity
bully, chafe, chagrin, cross, discompose, disconcert, dismay, toward others, offense involving hate, offense involving
displease, disquiet, disturb, excruciare, fret, give pain, hatred, offense involving intolerance, offense involving

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malevolence toward others, offense involving prejudice, HEAD (Culmination), noun conclusion, consummation,
offense involving victim’s color of skin, offense involving finality, finish, paramount, pinnacle, summit
victim’s ethnicity, offense involving victim’s gender, of-
fense involving victim’s national origin, offense involving HEAD (Initiate), verb incept, instigate, introduce, lead,
victim’s race, offense involving victim’s religion, offense lead the way, originate, pioneer, precurse, set in motion,
involving victim’s sexual orientation spearhead, take the lead

HATRED, noun abhorrence, abomination, animosity, HEAD (Oversee), verb command, control, determine,
animus, antagonism, antipathy, aversion, defamation, de- direct, govern, guide, inaugurate, incept, introduce, man-
testation, dislike, enmity, hostility, ill feeling, ill will, intoler- age, officiate, originate, preside, preside over, regulate,
ance, loathing, malevolence, odium, prejudice, revulsion spearhead, superintend, supervise

HAVEN, noun anchorage, asylum, citadel, cove, harbor, HEADLINE, noun banner, caption, communication,
hideout, landing, place of safety, port, portus, protection, head, header, heading, lead to a story, lead to an article,
refuge, resting place, retreat, sanctuary, shelter lead to written copy, major announcement, major develop-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: diplomatic immunity ment, major news, news, news headline, post, reportage,
reporting, running head, significant disclosure, superscrip-
HAVING NO FOUNDATION, adjective baseless, empty, tion, title
erroneous, false, foundationless, gratuitous, groundless, idle,
ill-founded, illogical, nonactual, rootless, unbased, uncor- HEAD-ON, adjective contrary to in direct opposition,
roborated, unfounded, ungrounded, unjustifiable, unreason- convergence in direct opposition, crash, encounter, impact,
able, unsound, unsubstantial, unsubstantiated, unsupport- meeting, percussion, striking together, sudden contact, vi-
able, unsustainable, untenable, unwarranted, without basis, olent contact
without cause, without foundation, without reality, without
reason HEADING, noun banner, caption, head, headline, label,
proper title, section, superscription, title, topic
HAVOC, noun anarchy, carnage, cataclysm, chaos,
chaotic state, confusion, depredation, derangement, des- HEADQUARTERS, noun base, base camp, base of au-
olation, destruction, devastation, disorder, disorganiza- thority, base of operations, center, center of authority,
tion, dispersion, disruption, holocaust, overturning, pil- center of operations, central station, chief office, distribut-
lage, plundering, ravage, ruin, ruination, sack, scattering, ing center, home base, home office, main office, manager’s
shambles, spoliation, strages, turmoil, upheaval, vastatio, office, praetorium, residence, seat, supply base
violence, waste ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: nerve center of a corporation
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS : disorderly conduct, disturbing the
peace HEADSTRONG, adjective audacious, bullheaded, can-
tankerous, contrary, contumacious, disobedient, foolhardy,
HAZARD, noun casus, cause for alarm, chance, danger, forward, headlong, hot-blooded, impetuous, incautious,
dangerous course, dangerous situation, endangerment, inexorable, inflexible, intractable, irresponsible, obdurate,
fors, gamble, imperilment, insecurity, jeopardy, liability to obstinate, pertinacious, perverse, pigheaded, precipitate,
injury, menace, periculum, peril, pitfall, precariousness, risk, rash, recalcitrant, reckless, resolute, restive, self-assured,
source of risk, threat, uncertainty, unsafe object, unsureness self-willed, strong-willed, stubborn, uncontrollable, ungov-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: dangerous hazard, extreme hazard, ernable, unhesitating, unmanageable, unruly, untoward,
hazardous business, hazardous condition, hazardous em- unyielding, vehement, wanton
ployment, hazardous undertaking, inherent hazard, latent
hazard, moral hazard, patent hazard, private hazard, public HEADWAY, noun advance, ascent, betterment, climb,
hazard, undue hazard development, forward motion, furtherance, gain, ground
gained, growth, improvement, momentum, progress, pro-
HAZARDOUS (Dangerous), adjective adverse, chancy, gression, promotion, upswing
dangerous, fraught with danger, full of danger, insalubrious,
insecure, noxious, ominous, perilous, precarious, risky, HEAL, verb alleviate, ameliorate, attend to, be on the
shaky, threatening, toxic, unprotected, unreliable, unsafe, mend, convalesce, cure, cure medically, disinfect, doctor,
unsound, unsteady effect a cure, fix, fix up, get better, get well, grow better,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: hazardous materials, hazardous sub- help to get well, improve, make better, make right, make
stances, hazardous waste well, make whole, meliorate, mend, minister to, mitigate,
nurse, on tract, palliate, rebuild, reconstruct, recover, recu-
HAZARDOUS (Imprudent), adjective aleatory, chancy, perate, regenerate, rehabilitate, reinvigorate, rejuvenate,
full of risk, menacing, riskful, speculative, threatening, ven- relieve, remedy, renew, repair, restore, restore to health,
turesome, venturous resuscitate, revitalize, revive, set straight, set right, show
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: aleatory contract improvement, take care of, treat, work a cure

HEAD (Chairperson), noun acme, apex, beginning, cap, HEALTH, noun condition, fitness, freedom from ail-
capital, chairman, chief, commandant, commencement, ment, freedom from disease, haleness, hardiness, hearti-
conclusion, crest, crisis, crown, crowning event, director, ness, physical condition, robustness, ruggedness, salubri-
employer, end, flowering, fructification, fruition, heading, ousness, salubrity, salus, sanitas, soundness, soundness of
height, inception, issue, leader, manager, master, overseer, body, stamina, state of health, strength, sturdiness, vale-
person in control, prime, principal, realization, ruler, sec- tudo, vigor, vitality, well-being, wholesomeness
tion, superior, supervisor, top, ultimate, upper part, windup, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bill of health, board of health, danger-
zenith ous to health, department of health, health care, health

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education and welfare, health insurance, impairment of HEARSAY, noun auditio, evidence from impersonal
health, mental health, public health and safety, public knowledge, gossip, groundless rumor, indirect evidence,
health law, sanitary code popular report, report, rumor, secondary evidence, sec-
ondhand evidence, unconfirmed account, unconfirmed
HEALTH CARE, noun coverage, health coverage, health report, unverified comments, unverified news
insurance, health protection, medical coverage, medical ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: admission, ancient writings, business
insurance, medical plan, plan records, declarations against pecuniary interest, declara-
tions against penal interest, dying declarations, exceptions
HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATION, noun closed to hearsay rules, hearsay evidence, records of past recollec-
medical organization, closed medical panel, controlled tion, reputation as to pedigree, res gestae, spontaneous
medical coverage, HMO, supervised medical care declarations
Generally: group health care coverage, health maintenance
coverage HEART (Essential part), noun core, essence, fundamen-
tal, marrow, nerve, nucleus, pith, sum and substance
HEAR (Give a legal hearing), verb adjudicate, causam, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: heart of the case, heart of the pleadings
cognoscere, conduct a trial, decide, examine judicially, ex-
amine the witnesses, give a formal hearing to, give a judi- HEART (Fortitude), noun ardor, backbone, doughtiness,
cial hearing to, give an official hearing to, hold court, in- fearlessness, fervor, focus, gallantry, intestinal fortitude,
quire into, investigate judicially, judge, preside over, put on mettle, spirit, substance, toleration, valor
trial, referee, sit in judgment, try, try a case, try the cause
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: arbitrate, hear and report, mediate HEART (Kindness), noun altruism, benevolence, charity,
clemency, compassion, gentleness, grace, humanity, kind
HEAR (Give attention to), verb accept advice, acknowl- offices, kind treatment, leniency, magnanimity, merciful-
edge, advert, attend to, audition, ausculate, be attentive, ness, mercy, pity, sympathy, temperament, tenderness
be guided by, cognoscere, comply, defer to, give audience,
give way, heed, listen, mind, note, obey, pay attention, HEARTENING, adjective assuring, auspicious, bright,
regard, submit, subscribe, succumb, yield cheerful, comforting, consoling, encouraging, favorable,
felicitous, fortunate, full of promise, halcyonian, halcyonic,
HEAR (Perceive by ear), verb auribus, become aware of, hopeful, opportune, optimistic, promising, propitious,
become conscious of, detect, discern something audible, providential, reassuring, roseate, salubrious, salutary
make out, notice, perceive something audible, percipere,
receive information aurally, recognize, take cognizance of HEARTLESS, adjective apathetic, brutal, callous, cold,
cold-blooded, cruel, disdainful, disinterested, dispassion-
HEAR A CASE, verb consider the merits of a case, de- ate, hardened, hard-hearted, impervious, indifferent, insen-
termine the outcome of litigation, hear opposing sides in a sible, insensitive, insouciant, insusceptible, iron-hearted,
case, hear the evidence presented, hear the testimony pre- obdurate, passionless, pitiless, remorseless, ruthless, sinis-
sented, listen to the evidence, listen to the merits of a case, ter, soulless, spiritless, stony, unaffected, uncaring, uncon-
listen to the testimony submitted, try a case, weigh the cerned, unemotional, unfeeling, unforgiving, unmoved,
evidence in a case unpitying, unrelenting, unresponsive, unsusceptible, un-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: judgment, litigation sympathetic, untouched, without compunction

HEARING, noun action, case at law, close inquiry, cog- HEAVEN, noun abode of God, abode of God and an-
nitio, contest, examination, exhaustive inquiry, formal gels, abode of spirits, abode of the saints, aerosphere, af-
proceeding, formal questioning, inquest, inquiry, inquisi- terworld, bliss, canopy of heaven, celestial city, celestial
tion, interrogation, investigation, judicial examination, judi- sphere, city of God, divine abode, ecstasy, eternal home,
cial investigation, legal proceedings, legal trial, litigation, Garden of Eden, glory, God’s kingdom, great beyond,
presentation of arguments and evidence, presentation of heavenly city, heavenly home, heavenly kingdom, hereaf-
testimony, probe, public inquest, public proceeding, ter, holy city, home of the Gods, kingdom of God, kingdom
searching inquiry, strict inquiry, trial, trial at the bar, trial by of heaven, life everlasting, next world, paradise, rapture,
jury, trial in court supreme happiness, the abode of saints, the hereafter,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: adjudicative hearing, adversary hear- throne of God, utopia, Valhalla, world to come
ing, de novo hearing, default hearing, due process, fair and
impartial hearing, fair hearing, final hearing, formal hearing, HEAVY (Burdened), adjective benumbing, careworn,
full hearing, hearing on damages, hearing on the merits, clumsy, dejected, depressed with sorrow, dull, dulled,
interlocutory hearing, judicial hearing, notice of hearing, gloomy, languid, leaden, serious, sluggish, somber, stolid,
preliminary hearing, public hearing, statutory hearing, sup- tempestuous, tiresome, torpid, violent, weary
pression hearing, traverse ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: heavy burden to fulfill in order to
FOREIGN PHRASES: Qui aliquid statuerit, parte inaudita al- prove a case
tera, aequum licet dixerit, haud aequum fecerit. He
who decides anything without hearing both sides, although HEAVY (Important), adjective commanding, eventful,
he may decide correctly, has by no means acted justly. immense, noteworthy, overwhelming, prominent, signifi-
cant, solemn, vast
HEARING OFFICER, noun adjudicator, arbitrator, ad-
ministrative officer, final authority, hearing examiner, in- HEAVY (Onerous), adjective afflictive, burdensome,
termediary, intervener, mediator, moderator, negotiator, consequential, critical, cumbersome, difficult, excessive,
reconciler grave, grievous, hard, imposing, intense, intolerable, mo-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: administrative law judge, chief admin- mentous, notable, oppressive, striking, severe, substantial,
istrator hearing officer, staff hearing officer trying, unbearable, unpleasant, unwieldy, wearying

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HEAVY (Ponderous), adjective careful, deliberate, omi- extent, extent upward, highest part, length, tallness,
nous, profound, serious, weighty upright distance, vertex
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: height restrictions in construction
HEAVY-HANDED, adjective crushing, determined, firm,
forceful, forcible, hard, harsh, inflexible, intense, persever- HEIGHTEN (Augment), verb add, advance, aggravate,
ant, persevering, persistent, persuasive, potent, powerful, amplificare, amplify, augere, build up, enhance, enlarge,
puissant, resolute, rugged, staunch, steadfast, steady, tena- exacerbate, exaggerare, expand, greaten, improve, in-
cious, unremitting, unyielding, vigorous crease, intensify, magnify, make higher, make larger, multi-
ply, promote, raise, reinforce, strengthen, vivify
HECTOR, verb badger, bait, beset, bluster, bother,
browbeat, bully, cow, distress, disturb, fret, gibe, goad, HEIGHTEN (Elevate), verb altior, build up, hold up, lift
harass, harrow, harry, heckle, hound, insult, intimidate, ir- up, make higher, pick up, raise, raise aloft, uplift, upraise
ritate, jeer, menace, molest, nag, nettle, offend, persecute,
pester, plague, pother, provoke, roil, tease, threaten, tor- HEINOUS, adjective abhorrent, abominable, arrant,
ment, treat with insolence, trouble, vex, worry atrocious, awful, bad, baleful, baneful, base, beastly, black,
confounded, contemptible, damnable, deplorable, despi-
HEDGE, noun caution, circumspection, course of pro- cable, detestabilis, detestable, devilish, diabolic, dire, dis-
tection, equivocation, hesitancy, hesitation, instrumentality graceful, disgusting, distasteful, dreadful, egregious, evil,
of protection, means of protection, method of protection, execrable, facinorous, flagitious, flagrant, foul, fulsome,
prevention against loss, prevention of downside, protec- ghastly, gross, hateful, hellish, horrendous, horrible, horrid,
tion, protection against loss, safeguard infamous, infernal, iniquitous, invidious, loathsome, low,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: hedge laws, hedges encroaching on malefic, mean, monstrous, nafarius, nasty, nefandus, ne-
another, hedge against inflation, notice of appeal as hedge farious, noisome, objectionable, obnoxious, odious, offen-
against loss, person’s property sive, opprobrious, outrageous, pernicious, reprehensible,
reptilian, repugnant, revolting, rotten, satanic, shameful,
HEDGE, verb be careful, be cautious, border, bound, shocking, sickening, sinister, terrible, unprincipled, vicious,
circle, circumscribe, compass, conceal, cover, delimit, de- vile, villainous, wicked, wretched, wrong
limitate, delineate, demarcate, divide, dodge, edge, en- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: heinous crime
circle, enclose, encompass, ensphere, evade, fence, flank,
girdle, guard, hide, limit, mark off, outline, play safe, pro- HEIR, noun acceptor, after-comer, after-generations, al-
tect, render safe, ring, safeguard, screen, shelter, shield, lottee, bénéficiaire, beneficiary, consignee, descendant,
surround devisee, donee, inheritor, inheritrix, legatee, one who in-
herits, parcener, payee, possessor of descent, posterity,
HEED, verb attend to, be attentive, be aware, be careful, receiver, recipient, scion, successor, survivor, transferee
be cautious, be conscious of, be guided by, check, comply, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: adopted heir, aggrieved heir, bodily
consider, curare, follow, hark, hear, hearken to, listen to, heir, coheir, collateral heir, distributee, eligible heir, expect-
look to, mark, mind, note, notice, obey, observare, observe, ant heir, heir apparent, heirs at law, heirs in fee simple, il-
parere, pay attention, recognize, regard, respect, take care, legitimate heir, immediate heir, intestate succession, issue,
take cognizance of, take into account, take note, take no- legal heir, legitimate heir, lineal heir, living heir, natural
tice, watch heir, natural offspring, next of kin, presumptive heir, pre-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: heed counsel’s advice termitted heir, Rule in Shelley’s Case, surviving heir, un-
known heir
HEEDLESS, adjective blind, careless, deaf, disregard- FOREIGN PHRASES: Haeres est aut jure proprietatis aut jure
ful, hasty, improvident, imprudent, impulsive, inatten- representationis. A person is an heir either by right of
tive, incautious, incautus, insouciant, irresponsible, property or by right of representation. Haeredum appel-
mindless, neglectful, neglegens, negligent, nonobser- latione veniunt haeredes haeredum in infinitum.
vant, oblivious, off guard, precipitate, rash, reckless, te- Under the name heirs come the heirs of heirs without
merarius, thoughtless, unaware, uncaring, unconcerned, limit. Cohaeredes una persona censentur, propter uni-
undiscerning, unhearing, unheedful, unheeding, un- tatem juris quod habent. Coheirs are regarded as one
mindful, unnoticing, unobservant, unperceiving, unsee- person because they own under unity of right. In haere-
ing, unsolicitous, unthinking, unwary, unwatchful, with- des non solent transire actiones quae poenales ex
out consideration maleficio sunt. Actions which are penal and which arise
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: recklessness out of anything of a criminal nature do not pass to the
heirs. Posthumus pro nato habetur. A posthumous child
HEGEMONY, noun ascendance, ascendancy, authority, is regarded as born before the death of the parent. Nemo
command, control, directorship, dominance, domination, est haeres viventis. No one can be the heir of a living
dominion, governance, headship, importance, influence, person. Haeres minor uno et viginti annis non re-
lawful authority, leadership, lordship, mastery, para- spondebit, nisi in casu dotis. A minor heir under
mountcy, power, predominance, predominating influence, 21 years of age is not answerable, except in the matter of
prepollence, regency, reign, rule, superiority, supremacy, dower. Filius est nomen naturae, sed haeres nomen
sway juris. Son is the natural name, but heir is a name of law.
Nemo potest esse dominus et haeres. No one can be
HEIGHT (Maximum), noun culmination, end, extreme, both owner and heir. Haeres est pars antecessoris. An
extremity, high point, limit, maximum, perfection, su- heir is a part of his ancestor.
premacy, top, utmost, zenith
HELM, noun administration, auspices, authority, care,
HEIGHT (Measurement), noun altitude, angular mea- charge, command, custody, direction, discipline, dominance,
surement, ceiling, distance upward, elevation, expanse, domination, dominion, government, guardianship, guidance,

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jurisdiction, keeping, leadership, management, oversight, prognosticate, promulgate, publicize, publish, report,
power, regulation, stewardship, superintendence, ward spread, tell, tip, trumpet, usher in, warn
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: nuntiare
HELP, noun abetment, accommodation, advantage,
advice, aid, assist, assistance, auxilium, avail, backing, HERE, adverb at a specific point, this juncture, at this
benefaction, benefit, benevolence, boon, care, charity, place, at this point, at this point in time, at this spot, at this
contribution, cooperation, cure, deliverance, encourage- time, at this very moment, now, now precisely at this point,
ment, expedient, facilitation, favor, fosterage, further- precisely at a point, quickly, right away, right here, within
ance, good turn, guidance, hand, helpfulness, humani- reach, without delay
tarianism, kindness, ministration, patronage,
philanthropy, redress, reinforcement, relief, remedy, HEREABOUTS, adverb around here, here, in the area,
rescue, resource, seconding, service, stead, strengthen- in the direction of, in the general vicinity, in the locale, in
ing, subsidium, subvention, succor, support, sustenance, the vicinity, near here, somewhere close, somewhere near
use, utility ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: plain language
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: Good Samaritan
HEREAFTER (Eventually), adverb at a fixed time, later,
HELP, verb abet, accommodate, advance, advise, aid, ultimately
alleviate, ameliorate, apply a remedy, assist, avail, back, be ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: hereafter acquired, hereafter built
benevolent, be of use, benefit, better, boost, come to the
aid of, contribute, cooperate, correct, cure, do a service, HEREAFTER (Henceforth), adverb afterwards, from here
ease, encourage, expedite, facilitate, fix, fortify, forward, on, from now on, from this time on
furnish assistance, further, heal, improve, intercede for, lend
a hand, lend aid, lend support, make easy, oblige, patron- HEREBY, adverb by means of, by the aid of, by virtue of,
ize, promote, prop, put right, rally, reinforce, relieve, rem- through, through the medium of, whereby
edy, render assistance, second, serve, smooth, speed,
stand by, stead, strengthen, subvenire, succor, succurrere, HEREDITAMENT, noun bequest, devise, heirloom, heri-
support, sustain, work for table, heritage, heritance, inheritable property, inheritance,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: aid and abet, facilitation, rescue patrimony, personal property capable of being inherited,
doctrine property which may descend to an heir, real property ca-
pable of being inherited
HELPLESS (Defenseless), adjective abandoned, aidless, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: corporeal hereditament, easement,
conquerable, deserted, exposed, expugnable, forsaken, incorporeal hereditament
friendless, guardless, in danger, inermis, inops, open to at-
tack, pregnable, resourceless, shelterless, unaided, un- HEREDITARY, adjective ancestorial, ancestral, ancient,
armed, unarmored, unbefriended, uncovered, undefended, congenital, connatal, connate, constitutional, genealogical,
unfortified, unguarded, unprotected, unsheltered, un- genetic, hereditable, hereditarius, heritable, inborn, inbred, in-
shielded, unstrengthened, unsupported, untenable, vincible, digenous, ingenerate, inherited, innate, instinctive, instinctual,
vulnerable, without aid, without succor lineal, native, passed down, paternus, traditional, transmissible
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: last clear chance ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: hereditary disease, hereditary insanity,
hereditary succession
HELPLESS (Powerless), adjective crippled, debilitated,
dependent, disabled, enervated, feeble, impotent, incapa- HEREIN, adverb in, inside, inwardly, therein, wherein,
ble, incompetent, invalid, paralyzed, prostrate, strength- within
less, unable, weak, without force
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: disability, incompetency HEREINAFTER, adverb after this, after today, after-
wards, beginning now, commencing immediately, from
HENCE, adverb accordingly, as a consequence, as a here on in, from here on out, from now on, from now on in,
result, before, consequently, earlier, finally, formerly, in from this day forward, from this day on, from this moment
consequence, in that event, necessarily, previous to, prior on, from this point on, from this time forward, from this
to, then too, therefore time on, hereafter, immediately, immediately following
today, in a subsequent part of the statement, in a subse-
HENCEFORTH, adverb from here on in, from now on, quent part of this document, in future, in the future, looking
from this day forward, from this day on, from this moment ahead, subsequently
in time on, from this point forward, from this point in time ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: plain language
forward, hereafter, immediately, in the future, starting to-
morrow, subsequently, thereafter HEREOF, adverb about this, concerning this, in this re-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: plain language gard, on this subject, regarding this, relating to this, with refer-
ence to, with specific reference to, with specific regard to
HENCHMAN, noun aide, ally, assassin, backer, cham- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: plain language
pion, colleague, confidante, enforcer, follower, hatchet
man, heavy, hired gun, hit man, right-hand man, supporter, HERETIC, noun apostate, dissenter, dissentient, dissi-
thug, tool, trigger-man dent, haereticus, iconoclast, infidel, misbeliever, noncon-
formist, protestant, schismatic, sectarian, separatist, skep-
HERALD, verb advertise, air, announce, apprise, augur, tic, unbeliever
betoken, blazon, circulate, communicate, cry, disseminate,
enlighten, enunciate, forecast, forerun, foreshow, foretell, HERETOFORE, adverb before now, earlier, formerly,
foretoken, gazette, give tidings, harbinger, inform, intro- from the start, historically speaking, in the past, previous
duce, make known, notify, omen, presage, proclaim, to, previously, prior to, retrospectively, up to this time

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HEREWITH, adverb added to, along with this, appended HIATUS, noun abeyance, adjournment, break, cessa-
to, attached to, by these means, connected to, enclosed tion, chasm, delay, disconnection, discontinuity, disjunc-
with, fastened to, inside with, joined with, together with tion, disunion, fracture, gap, gulf, halt, hiatus, incomplete-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: plain language ness, interference, interim, interlude, intermission,
interregnum, interruption, interstice, interval, intervening
HERITABLE, adjective alienable, assignable, bequeath- period, lacuna, lapse, lull, moratorium, opening, pause,
able, bestowable, consignable, conveyable, devisable, ex- recess, respite, rest, rift, separation, spell, standstill, stop,
changeable, givable, hereditable, hereditary, inheritable, stoppage, suspension, temporary stop
negotiable, testamentary, transferable, transmissible
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bequest, curtesy, devise, dower, intes- HIDDEN, adjective absconditus, abstruse, ambushed, ar-
tate succession laws, legacy, testamentary gift cane, blind, buried, camouflaged, clandestine, cloaked, close,
clouded, concealed, covered, covert, cryptic, dark, delites-
HERITAGE, noun ancestry, bequest, birthright, descent, cent, disguised, eclipsed, enigmatical, enshrouded, esoteric,
expectations, future possession, hereditament, hereditas, hieroglyphic, indiscernable, invisible, latent, lurking, masked,
heredium, heritance, incorporeal hereditament, inheritance, mysterious, mystic, mystical, obscure, obscured, occult, oc-
inherited lot, inherited portion, legacy, lineage, patrimo- cultus, out of sight, out of view, perdu, puzzling, recondite,
nium, patrimony, portion, reversion screened, secluded, secret, secreted, shrouded, suppressed,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: descendants surreptitious, unapparent, uncomprehended, undeciphered,
undercover, underground, underhanded, undetected, undis-
HERO, noun brave person, celebrity, champion, com- closed, undivulged, unexplained, unexposed, unknown, un-
batant, conquering hero, conqueror, decorated hero, deity, observed, unperceived, unrevealed, unseen, untold, veiled
demigod, fearless soldier, fighter, folk hero, god, goddess, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: attractive nuisance, duty to discover,
great man, great woman, guardian, heroine, highest type, hidden assets, hidden danger, hidden defects, hidden
ideal type, idol, immortal, luminary, man of courage, man of traps, latent defects, patent defects
valor, martyr, master, megastar, model, notable, paragon,
perfect type, person who serves as a shining example, HIDE, verb abdere, abscond, abscondere, be clandes-
phoenix, pillar of the community, protector, soldier, stal- tine, become indiscernible, become unapparent, bury,
wart, star, superhero, superstar, tiger, valiant knight, warrior cache, camouflage, celare, cloak, closet, cloud, conceal,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: Good Samaritan laws conceal from knowledge, conceal from sight, cover, cover
up, curtain, deceive, disguise, dissemble, eclipse, en-
HEROIC, adjective bold, brave, courageous, daring, sconce, enshroud, envelop, fail to reveal, harbor, hush up,
dauntless, doughty, fearless, fortis, fortis et invictus, gal- keep out of sight, keep out of view, keep secret, keep to
lant, herolike, intrepid, lionhearted, noble, resolute, sol- oneself, keep under cover, mask, obscure, protect, put out
dierly, stalwart, stout, stouthearted, unblenching, un- of sight, render invisible, screen, seclude, secrete, shade,
daunted, unflinching, unshrinking, valiant, valorous shadow, shelter, shield, shroud, smuggle, store, stow
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: Good Samaritan away, suppress, veil, withhold, wrap
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: hide assets, hide behind the law, hide
HESITANT, adjective averse, balking, balky, cautious, dal- fraud, terrorist cells
lying, debating, deliberate, demurring, diffident, doubtful,
doubting, equivocal, faltering, fluctuating, groping, half- HIDEOUS, adjective abhorrent, abominable, appalling,
hearted, hesitating, hesitative, indecisive, irresolute, lacking atrocious, contemptible, deplorable, despicable, detestable,
confidence, loath, pausing, qualmish, reluctant, shrinking, shy, dreadful, foul, frightening, frightful, ghastly, gruesome, hei-
slow, tentative, timid, unassured, uncertain, unconfident, un- nous, horrendous, horrid, horrifying, macabre, monstrous,
decided, unresolved, unsettled, unsure, vacillating, wavering obnoxious, odious, offensive, pathetic, pitiful, regrettable,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: hestitant buyer, hestitant reluctant repellent, reprehensible, repulsive, revolting, scary, shame-
seller ful, shocking, terrible, terrifying, unspeakable, vile

HESITATE, verb balk, be dilatory, be dubious, be irreso- HIERARCHY (Arrangement in a series), noun arrange-
lute, be tentative, be uncertain, cunctari, dally, debate, ment, categorization, chain, classification, collocation, distri-
delay, deliberate, demur, doubt, dubitare, equivocate, falter, bution, gradation, grouping, order, order of succession,
fluctuate, haerere, have reservations, hold back, oscillate, progression, range, run, seriation, series, succession, system
pause, ponder, procrastinate, question, quibble, reluctant,
scruple, shift, slow, stop, think twice, vacillate, wait, waver HIERARCHY (Persons in authority), noun administra-
tors, authorities, bureaucracy, commanders, controllers,
HESITATION, noun caution, cunctatio, delay, diffi- dictators, directors, government, heads, leadership power,
dence, doubt, dubiety, dubitatio, dubitation, equivocation, management, managers, masters, officials, persons in
faltering, fluctuation, haesitatio, hesitancy, holding back, power, powers, regency, regime, rulers, sovereignty
incertitude, indecision, irresolution, nervousness, oscilla-
tion, overcaution, qualm, reluctance, scruple, second HIGH DEGREE OF PROBABILITY, adjective all but
thoughts, slowness, tentativeness, uncertainness, uncer- guaranteed, almost a certainty, almost certain, great likeli-
tainty, unsureness, unwillingness, vacillation, wavering hood, having a high degree of certainty, high degree of
belief, in all likelihood, most assuredly, most certainly, sub-
HETEROGENEOUS, adjective assorted, different, dispa- stantial likelihood, substantial possibility, substantial poten-
rate, dissimilar, dissimilis, diverse, diversified, diversiform, tial, substantial potentiality
diversus, incongruous, irrelative, miscellaneous, mixed, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: mathematical degree of probability
motley, multiform, nonuniform, unalike, unequal, unlike,
unmatched, unrelated, variant, varied, variegated, vari- HIGH-MINDED, adjective admirable, conscientious,
form, various, varying, without relation estimable, ethical, fair, firm in principle, high-principled,

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honest, honorable, incorrupt, incorruptible, meritorious, HIJACK, verb abduct, appropriate, arrogate, assume
moral, noble, principled, reputable, respectable, right- command, bear away, capture, carry away, carry off, com-
minded, righteous, scrupulous, sterling, trustworthy, uncor- mandeer, convey away, dispossess, expropriate, force,
rupt, uncorrupted, upright, upstanding, virtuous, worthy help oneself to, impress, intercept, lay hold of, make off
with, make prisoner, overcome, overpower, overwhelm,
HIGH-POWERED, adjective aggressive, all-powerful, pirate, plunder, secure, seize, snatch, take, take away, take
authoritative, commanding, compelling, connected, domi- by assault, take by force, take captive, take prisoner
nant, dynamic, effective, efficient, forceful, highest, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: air piracy
important, in control, indomitable, influential, mighty, om-
nipotent, overpowering, potent, powerful, ruling, supreme HINDER, verb annoy, arrest, barricade, be an impediment,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: high-powered law firm, high-powered be an obstacle, block, bother, check, clog, constrain, cramp,
lobbyist cripple, curb, detain, discommode, discourage, encumber,
fetter, get in the way, halt, hamper, hamstring, handicap, hold
HIGH PROBABILITY, noun almost certainly, favorable back, impair, impede, impedire, incommode, inconvenience,
prospect, in all likelihood, in most instances, with a high inhibit, intercept, interfere, interrupt, keep back, obstruct, oc-
degree of certainty clude, prevent temporarily, prohibere, render difficult, re-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: high probability of chance, high prob- strain, restrict, retard, retardare, set back, shackle, slow down,
ability of risk, high probability of success stand in the way, trammel, traverse, work against
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: interference with a contract, interfer-
HIGH TECHNOLOGY, noun best scientific advancement, ence with a lawful order, obstructing justice
highest standard of technology, most advanced discipline,
most advanced technology, most developed technology, HINDRANCE, noun annoyance, arrest, barrier, blockade,
most perfected design, most up-to-date technology, new- bother, check, complication, constriction, detention, deter-
est advancement, newest design, newest development, rent, detriment, difficulty, disadvantage, discouragement,
newest invention drawback, embargo, encumbrance, hamper, handicap, hold-
back, impediment, impedimentum, inconvenience, inexpe-
HIGHEST (Gravest), adjective apical, best, capital, chief, dience, inhibition, interference, interposition, interruption,
critical, crown, crucial, crying, deep, desperate, earnest, obstacle, obstruction, preclusion, problem, restraint, restric-
essential, far-reaching, forcible, head, heavy, intense, inten- tion, retardation, retardment, setback, shackle, striction
sified, maximal, maximum, momentous, most, of great
force, of great number, overmost, paramount, potent, pre- HINDSIGHT, noun act of looking backward, after-
eminent, pressing, principal, serious, sharp, strong, super- thought, consideration, contemplation, contemplation of
lative, supreme, telling, tiptop, top, topmost, top-notch, past events, contemplation of the past, deliberation, later
urgent, vigorous, violent, vital, weighty, zenithal meditation, later thought, looking back, meditation, mem-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: highest degree of care, highest proved ory, musing, recall, recollection, reconsideration, reexami-
value nation, reflection, remembrance, retrospect, retrospection,
review, review of things past, rumination, second thoughts,
HIGHEST (Most Important), adjective best, capital, car- second view, subsequent meditation, subsequent reflec-
dinal, chief, crowning, distinguished, eminent, exalted, tion, survey of time past, thoughts of the past
first, foremost, greatest, important, leading, main, major,
maximal, maximum, most, most august, most celebrated, HINGE, verb arise from, around, center, center on, critical
most consequential, most considerable, most dominant, moment, critical period, critical point, crossways, crowning
most influential, most memorable, most momentous, most point, crucial moment, culmination, decisive moment, de-
notable, most prominent, most remarkable, most signifi- pend on, derive from, emanate from, ensue from, evolve
cant, noble, notable, paramount, preeminent, primary, from, generate from, hang, issue from, juncture, pivot, turn
prime, principal, superlative, supreme, uppermost out
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: highest court, highest decision, high- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: case hinging on circumstances, out-
est law in the land come hinges on the evidence

HIGHEST (Tallest), adjective best, biggest, colossus- HINT, noun adumbration, allusion, clue, connotation,
sized, giant-sized, grandest, greatest, largest, lofty, mam- covert allusion, cue, faint outline, faint suggestion, fore-
moth-sized, maximal, maximum, most considerable, most shadowing, idea, implication, indication, indirect sugges-
elevated, most sizable, most substantial, most towering, tion, inference, inkling, insinuation, intimation, significatio,
paramount, preeminent, soaring, steepest, supreme slight indication, slight mention, suggestion, trace, vague
impression, vague suggestion
HIGHLIGHT, noun central point, cynosure, distinctive
feature, focal point, high spot, important event, keynote, HINT, verb adumbrate, advert, allude, clue, connote, cue,
memorable part, outstanding feature, prominent detail, give an inkling, imply, indicate, infer, insinuate, intimate, make
prominent part, salient point, significant feature, striking part an allusion, prompt, refer, significare, signify, subicere, sug-
gest
HIGHLY, adverb abundantly, appreciatively, certainly, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: disclosure
chiefly, clearly, considerably, decidedly, enormously, en-
tirely, exceedingly, extraordinarily, extremely, greatly, HIRE, verb add to the payroll, appoint, assign to a position,
hugely, immensely, in great measure, largely, mostly, no- authorize, commission, conducere, contract for, delegate, de-
ticeably, obviously, overwhelmingly, predominantly, promi- pute, designate to a post, employ, engage, enlist, fill a posi-
nently, significantly, substantially, vastly tion, fill a vacancy, furnish occupation for, give a job to, give
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: highly immoral, highly qualified, highly employment to, give work to, induct, install, place in office,
specialized area of the law procure, put on payroll, put to work, recruit, retain, secure the

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services of, set to work, staff, take into service, take on fake, false alarm, false report, falsification, fraud, fraudulence,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bailee for hire, carriage, contract for fraudulency, guile, imposition, imposture, knavery, lie, ludifi-
hiring, discrimination in hiring, employment contract catio, machination, masquerade, misrepresentation, pettifog-
ging, practical joke, pretense, ruse, scheme, sham, shift,
HISTORY (Background), noun account, adventures, all stratagem, subterfuge, swindle, trick, trickery, wile
aspects, all sides, delineation, depiction, each and every ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: false representation, forgery, fraud,
detail, entire universe, epic, episodes, events, experiences, impersonation
explanation, exposition, facts, information, intelligence, nar-
ration, narrative, recapitulation, recital, record, representa- HOIST, noun burglary, felonious taking, fraudulent taking,
tion, retelling, review, saga, series of incidents, story, sum- larceny, misappropriation, pilferage, pilfering, purloining,
mary robbery, stealing, swindling, theft, thievery, wrongful taking

HISTORY (Past), noun annals, archives, bygone era, HOLD (Decide), verb abjudge, abjudicate, ascertain,
chronicle, days of old, earlier point in time, historical times, come to a conclusion, conclude, decide legally, decree,
old days, prior point in time, prior time, record, schedule, determine, find, fix, judge, make a decision, pass judg-
the past, times gone by, tradition, yesterday ment, propound, resolve, rule, settle
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: legal history
HOLD (Possess), verb assume authority, assume com-
HISTRIONIC, adjective affected, aiming for effect, artifi- mand, be accorded, be heir to, be in possession of, be mas-
cial, dramatic, embroidered, exaggerated, exhibitionistic, ter of, be offered, be possessed of, be proffered, be vouch-
insincere, mannered, melodramatic, orotund, ostentatious, safed, bear the responsibility of, care for, cling to, collect,
overacted, pretentious, scaenicus, self-conscious, showy, command, conserve, control, devolve upon, direct, domi-
stagy, stilted, striving for effect, theatric, theatrical, unnatural nate, exercise direction over, fill a post, gather, get control,
get possession of, grasp, habere, have, have a firm grip on,
HISTRIONICS, noun acting, affectation, affectedness, have a title to, have absolute disposal of, have as property,
airs, ars ludicra, artificial behavior for effect, display, dra- have by inheritance, have by tenure, have claim upon, have
matic art, dramatic representation, dramaturgy, emotional in hand, have in one’s possession, have inherited, have rights
display for effect, exaggeration, false show, fanfaronade, to, have the care of, have the charge of, have the direction
melodramatics, orotundity, ostentation, overacting, overem- of, have title to, have under control, hold fast, hold in one’s
phasis, parade, performance, pretense, scaenicus, show, grasp, impropriate, inherit, keep, keep as one’s own, keep
showmanship, stagecraft, theatrecraft, theatricalism, theat- for, keep in hand, keep in readiness, keep in reserve, keep
ricality, theatricalness on, keep prepared, lay aside, lay away, not dispose of, not
part with, occupy, own, possidere, preserve, receive, re-
HIT, verb accost, assail, assault, attack, batter, beat, be- cover, retain, save, secure, set apart, set aside, take author-
siege, damage, deal a blow, harm, hurt, inflict harm, inflict ity, take command, takeover, tenere, wield restraint over
injury ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: adverse holding, hold in due course,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: battery, hit and run hostile holding

HIT AND RUN, noun accident, breaking the law, com- HOLD ACCOUNTABLE, verb accuse, blame, brand,
mission prohibited by law, crime, criminal matter, depar- bring to account, castigate, charge, condemn openly, con-
ture, felony, flight, hasty departure, illegality, knock- vict, criminate, denounce, expose, incriminate, implicate,
down, leaving the scene of an accident, malfeasance, impugn, inculpate, inveigh against, rebuke, reprehend,
motor vehicle matter, nonobservance of law, offense, of- reprimand, reproach, reprobate, revile, take to task, up-
fense against the law, serious infraction of the law, wrong, braid, vilify, vituperate
wrongdoing
HOLD IN ABEYANCE, verb adjourn, defer, delay, dis-
HOARD, noun accumulation, acervus, aggregation, continue, forbear, give ground, give way, hold up, lay over,
amassment, cache, collection, copia, cumulation, fund, postpone, procrastinate, prolong, protract, retard, shelve,
heap, mass, repository, reserves, riches, saving, stack, suspend, table, temporize
stock, stockpile, store, supply, treasure
HOLD OFF, verb abandon, abdicate, abjure, abstain,
HOARD, verb accrue, accumulate, acquire, agglomer- avoid, cease, cede, deny oneself, desist from, dispense
ate, aggregate, aggroup, amalgamate, amass, augment, with, disposed of, do without, drop, eschew, fast, forbear,
bank, batch together, bring together, build up, bunch, forfeit, forgo, forswear, give up, give up on, go without,
cache, cluster, coacervare, collect, conligere, cumulate, de- hold back, lay down, leave off, let alone, make do without,
posit, draw together, garner, garner up, gather for oneself, not use, pass up, refrain, release, relinquish, renounce, re-
gather in, gather up, get together, group, hang on to, have serve, resign, sacrifice, shun, surrender, waive, withhold,
in store, heap, hide, hide away, hive, hold back, husband, write off, yield, yield up
husband one’s resources, keep, keep back, keep in reserve, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS : forego interest owed, forego op-
lay by, lay in store, lay up, load up, lump together, pack portunity
away, pile, pile up, preserve, provide, put aside, reposit,
reserve, retain, save up, set apart, set aside, set by, stock HOLD OUT (Deliberate on an offer), verb make overtures,
up, stockpile, store, store secretly, store up, stow, stow offer, place at ones disposal, present, proffer, promittere,
away, treasure up, withhold propone, propose, put forward, submit, suggest, urge, vol-
unteer
HOAX, noun artifice, beguilement, canard, cheat, chica-
nery, circumvention, counterfeit, cozenage, deceit, deception, HOLD OUT (Resist), verb balk, be unwilling, hold fast,
defraudation, delusion, device, dupery, duplicity, fabrication, hold one’s own, make a resolute stand, not budge, not

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compromise, not give up, not submit, not weaken, not property, real estate, real property, realty, resource, seisin,
yield, offer resistance, oppugn, persevere, persist, refuse, share, stake
refuse consent, remain firm, repel, resistere, stand fast, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: holding a lien, holding a position of
stand firm, withhold assent, withhold consent, withstand authority, holding company, holding for value, holding in
due course, holding office, holding over
HOLD RESPONSIBLE FOR, verb accuse, ascribe to,
attribute to, blame, call to account, censure, charge, charge HOLDING (Ruling of a court), noun act of judgment, ac-
with, cite, convict, criticize, denounce, deprecate, execrate, tion, adjudication, ascertainment, conclusion, conclusion of
fix the responsibility for, impeach, implicate, impugn, im- the matter, considered opinion, decision, decree, decretum,
pute to, incriminate, inculpate, indict, reprehend, upbraid deduction, deliverance, determination, dictate, final judg-
ment, finding, iudicium, judgment, judgment on facts, judi-
HOLD UP (Delay), verb adjourn, arrest, arrest temporar- cial decision, law, law of the case, maxim, opinion, order,
ily, be dilatory, block, brake, bring to a standstill, call a halt, order of the court, outcome, precedent, precept, profes-
call off, cause a stoppage, cause to arrive late, cause to sional advice, professional decision, pronouncement, pro-
move with undue slowness, cause to put off to a later time, nouncement by a court, recommendation, recorded expres-
check, contain, control, cumber, curb, decelerate, defer, sion of a formal judgment, report, resolution, result,
detain, deter, detinere, encumber, filibuster, gain time, halt, sentence, sententia, settled decision, settlement by authori-
hamper, hinder, hold in abeyance, impede, impede the tative decision, that which is decided, upshot, verdict, writ-
progress of, incommode, inconvenience, inhibit, interfere, ten order
interrupt, intervene, keep one waiting, keep pending, lay ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: decision en banc, holding of the court,
aside, lay under restraint, obstruct, pigeonhole, postpone, opinion per curiam
procrastinate, prolong, protract, push aside, put a stop to,
put aside, put off, put off to a future time, put under re- HOLDOVER, noun carry over, individual who stays on,
straint, repress, reserve, resist, restrain, retard, retinere, set one who remains, one who stays on, relic, remainder, re-
aside, set one back, shelve, slacken, slow up, stall, stand in maining portion
the way, stave off, stop, suppress, suspend, table, tardare, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: eviction, holdover tenant
thwart, undermine, upset, withhold
HOLE noun absence, abyss, aperture, cave, cavern,
HOLD UP (Rob), verb abscond with, abstract, appropri- cavity, chamber, chasm, cleft, depression, depth, excava-
ate, carry away, carry off, commit robbery, compilare, dep- tion, fracture, hollow, incision, indentation, opening, orifice,
redate, despoil, divert, eripere, expilare, impress, make off pit, rupture, shaft, tunnel, vacuum, void
with, maraud, misappropriate, pickeer, pilfer, pillage, pi-
rate, plunder, poach, purloin, reave, reive, remove, rob, run HOLIDAY, noun celebration, day of festivities, day off,
off with, sack, spirit away, spoil, stick up, take away, take dies festus, feriae, festival, fête, furlough, gala, jubilee,
by theft, take dishonestly, take feloniously, take possession leave, leisure, lull, recess, rest, time off, vacation
of, take wrongfully, thieve, walk off with, withdraw ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: general holiday, legal holiday

HOLD UP TO SCORN, verb belittle, condemn, deride, HOLLOW, noun bare, bereft of, carved out, clear, defi-
disdain, disesteem, disparage, feel contempt for, flout, hold cient, deprived, destitute of, devoid, devoid of, empty,
in contempt, hold in derision, hold up to obloquy, insult, lacking, short of, vacant, vacuous, void, wanting, without
jape, jeer, laugh at, mock, rail at, revile, ridicule, scoff, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: hollow victory
scorn, slight, sneer at, taunt
HOLOGRAPHIC, adjective cursive, graphic, handwrit-
HOLDBACK, noun kept in reserve, reservation, re- ten, in black and white, in longhand, in print, in writing,
served rights, withheld, withholding inscribed, inscriptional, longhand, manuscript, on paper,
penned, printed, scribbled, scriptorial, scriptural, under
HOLDBACK, verb check, constrain, contain, control, one’s hand, written
curb, curtail, desist, detain, enjoin, forbear, hesitate, hinder, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: execution of a will, nuncapative will,
hold, hold at bay, hold fast, hold up, impede, inhibit, keep probate court, surrogate court, will formalities
back, keep from, keep in check, not proceed, not use, ob-
struct, prevent, prohibit, proscribe, put the brakes on, re- HOMAGE, noun allegiance, attention, compliance, con-
fuse, regress, repress, restrain, restrict oneself, retain, retard, sideration, constancy, court, cultus, deference, devoted-
slow down, smother, stay, stop, suppress, withhold ness, devotion, esteem, estimation, exaltation, faithfulness,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: holdback in construction law, retention fidelity, glorification, high regard, honor, humility, loyalty,
on construction contracts obedience, obeisance, observantia, regard, respect, rever-
ence, service, servility, servitude, subjection, submission,
HOLDER, noun endorsee, individual in possession, submissiveness, subservience, veneration, verecundia
keeper, owner, payee, person in possession, possessor,
receiver, recipient HOME (Domicile), noun abode, apartment, cottage,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bona fide holder, holder for value, domicilium, domus, dormitory, dwelling, dwelling place,
holder in due course, holder in good faith, holder of a lien, fireside, fixed residence, habitat, habitation, haven, home-
joint holder, legal holder, license holder, negotiable instru- land, homestead, house, household, living quarters, local-
ments, original holder, policyholder, property holder, share- ity, lodging, lodging place, native environment, perma-
holder, stockholder nent legal address, place of abode, place of dwelling,
place of existence, place of one’s domestic affections,
HOLDING (Property owned), noun asset, belonging, place of refuge, place of residence, place of rest, place to
chattel, domain, effect, estate, exclusive possession, inter- live in, place where one lives, quarters, refuge, residence,
est, land, landed estate, legal estate, possessio, possession, resting place

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ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: home office, home rule domicile, conscientious, correct, creditable, decent, downright, ear-
homesite nest, equitable, erect, estimable, ethical, evenhanded, exact,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Constitutum esse eam domum uni- factual, fair, fair-dealing, forthright, frank, free from fraud,
cuique nostrum debere existimari, ubi quisque sedes et genuine, guileless, historical, honorable, impartial, impecca-
tabulas haberet, suarumque rerum constitutionem fe- ble, inartificial, incapable of deceit, incorrupt, incorruptible,
cisset. It is established that the home of each of us is con- ingenuous, innocent, inviolate, irrepoachable, just, laudable,
sidered to be the place of his abode and books, and where law-abiding, legal, legitimate, licit, literal, moral, open, out-
he may have made an establishment of his business. spoken, plain-speaking, principled, probus, proper, pure,
reliable, reputable, respectable, right, scrupulous, simplex,
HOME (Place of origin), noun birthplace, country, coun- sincere, sincerus, sound, stainless, sterling, straightforward,
try of origin, fatherland, homeland, mother country, moth- true, true to the facts, truehearted, trustworthy, truthful, un-
erland, native ground, native hearth, native land, native adulterated, unaffected, unassumed, unassuming, unbiased,
soil, place of birth unbribable, uncolored, uncopied, uncounterfeited, undi-
luted, undisguised, undisguising, undissembling, undissimu-
HOME INVASION, noun act prohibited by law, breach lating, undistorted, unembroidered, unexaggerated, unfabri-
of law, contravention, crime, criminal activity, criminal of- cated, unfaked, unfeigned, unfeigning, unfictitious,
fense, encroachment, felony, illegality, infringement, of- ungarbled, uninvented, unperjured, unpretended, unpre-
fense, offense against the law, robbery, serious infraction tending, unpretentious, unsimulated, unsophisticated, un-
of the law specious, unspurious, unsynthetic, unvarnished, valid, vera-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: break in, breaking and entering, bur- cious, veridical, veritable, well-principled
glary, housebreaking, robbery, trespassing ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: honest belief, honest claim, honest
dispute
HOME RULE, noun autonomy, enfranchisement, fran-
chise, freedom from domination, freedom from interfer- HONESTY, noun accuracy, artlessness, authenticity,
ence, freedom of action, freedom of choice, indepen- baldness, bluntness, candidness, candor, conscientious-
dence, individualism, noninterference, nonintervention, ness, estimableness, exactitude, factualness, fairness, fidel-
political independence, self-containment, self-derived ity, fides, frankness, genuineness, guilelessness, high char-
power, self-determination, self-direction, self-government, acter, high-mindedness, high principles, honorableness,
self-legislation, self-reliance, self-subsistence, self-sufficiency, impartiality, inartificiality, incorruptibility, ingenuousness,
self-support, sovereignty, unlimited sovereignty integrity, legitimacy, openness, plainness, plainspeaking,
principles, probitas, probity, reality, realness, reputability,
HOMEMADE, adjective amateurish, coarse, crude, do- repute, respectability, rightness, sanctity, scrupulosity,
it-yourself, domestic, domestically manufactured, hand- scrupulousness, simplicity, sinceritas, sincerity, soundness,
crafted, home-born, homegrown, home-manufactured, stainlessness, trustworthiness, truth, truthfulness, unadul-
home-produced, home-raised, homespun, home-woven, teration, unaffectedness, unconstraint, undeceitfulness, un-
indigenous, internal, locally made, locally manufactured, deceptiveness, unreserve, unrestraint, unspeciousness,
locally produced, made at home, made locally, manufac- unspuriousness, unvarnished truth, uprightness, upstand-
tured, native-grown, native-raised, natural, personally ingness, validity, veraciousness, veracity, veridicality,
made, produced domestically, self-made, simple, unskilled verity, virtue, worthiness
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: homemade law, homemade wills ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: character evidence, reputation for
honesty
HOMESTEAD, noun abode, acreage, acres, country
house, domicile, dwelling, dwelling place, edifice, estate, HONOR (Good reputation), noun character, dignitas,
farm, farm land, farmplace, farmstead, grounds, habitation, existimatio, fama, good name, good opinion, goodness,
home, house, household, living quarters, lodging, lodging high regard, incorruptibility, integrity, moral rectitude, prin-
place, manor, messuage, place of residence, place of settle- ciple, probity, purity, rectitude, regard, reliability, reputa-
ment, quarters, residence bility, repute, respectability, righteousness, scrupulousness,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: homestead laws sense of responsibility, standing, status, trustiness, trust-
worthiness, uprightness, virtue
HOMICIDE, noun annihilation, assassination, butchery, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: reputation evidence
caedes, capital crime, capital murder, carnage, crime, de-
struction of life, elimination, extermination, felony, felony HONOR (Outward respect), noun acclaim, admiration,
murder, killing, liquidation, manslaughter, massacre, murder, adulation, aggrandizement, appreciation, approbation, ap-
removal, slaughter, slaying, termination of life, violent death proval, commendation, consideration, courtesy, credit,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: assault with intent to murder, corpus deference, devotion, distinction, esteem, estimation, exal-
delicti, criminally negligent homicide, culpable homicide, tation, favor, glorification, glory, high regard, homage,
excusable homicide, felonious homicide, felony murder, laud, laudation, obeisance, praise, prominence, regard,
infanticide, involuntary manslaughter, justifiable homicide, reverence, tribute, veneration, worship
manslaughter, premeditated homicide, voluntary homicide
FOREIGN PHRASES: Maihemium est homicidium inchoatum. HONOR, verb acclaim, accredit, advance, aggrandize,
Mayhem is unfinished homicide. applaud, belaud, bepraise, canonize, celebrare, celebrate,
cheer, cite, commemorate, commend, compliment, confer
HOMOSEXUAL, adjective gay, gay person, homo- distinction on, congratulate, consecrate, crown, decorare,
erotic, homophile, lesbian decorate, defer to, distinguish, elevate, ennoble, esteem,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: gay marriage, gay rights eulogize, exalt, extol, glorify, hail, hold in esteem, idolize,
laud, lionize, look up to, make important, memorialize, pay
HONEST, adjective aboveboard, accurate, actual, artless, deference, pay homage, pay respects, pay tribute, praise,
as represented, authentic, bald, blunt, candid, clean, prize, promote, put on a pedestal, raise, raise to distinction,

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regard, respect, revere, reverence, salute, set store by, much-admired, mythical, notable, noted, notorious, of mark,
show respect, toast, value, venerate praised, prized, renowned, respected, revered, saluted,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: honorary trust sought-after, time-honored, valued, well-considered, well-
known, well-thought-of, world-class, worshiped
HONORABLE (Honest), adjective beyond reproach,
blameless, chaste, Christian, clean, creditable, decent, HOODLUM, noun agitator, bandit, blackguard, brig-
erect, esteemed, estimable, ethical, excellent reputation, and, burglar, convict, criminal, embezzler, evildoer, felon,
fair, full of integrity, good, held in esteem, high-minded, firebrand, gunman, holdup man, knave, larcener, larcenist,
high-principled, highly regarded, highly reputed, highly lawbreaker, malefactor, malevolent, malfeasant, malfeasor,
respectable, honored, immaculate, in favor, in good order, miscreant, mobster, oppressor, outlaw, peculator, pick-
In high favor, in one’s good books, inviolate, irreproach- pocket, purloiner, rogue, roisterer, rough, ruffian, scoun-
able, just, law-abiding, law-loving, law-revering, manly, drel, stealer, thief, villain, wrongdoer
meritorious, moral, much esteemed, noble, of repute, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: juvenile delinquent, multiple offender,
prestigious, principled, pure, reputable, respectable, re- predicate felon, youthful offender
spected, revered, reverend, right, right-minded, righ-
teous, sinless, spotless, squeaky-clean, stainless, sterling, HOODWINK, verb be dishonest, befool, beguile, blind,
straight-arrow, true-blue, true-dealing, true-devoted, blindfold, cheat, cozen, deceive, defraud, delude, dupe,
true-disposing, truehearted, true-souled, true-spirited, fallere, hoax, inludere, inveigle, ludificari, make a fool of,
unblemished, uncorrupt, uncorrupted, undefiled, unim- misinform, mislead, mystify, outwit, puzzle, swindle, trick
peachable, unsmirched, unspotted, unstained, unsullied, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: deception, fraud, misrepresentation
untarnished, upright, uprighteous, upstanding, venerable,
venerated, virtuous, well-thought-of, worshipful, worth HOPE, verb assume, expect, feel sure, give credence to,
one’s salt, worthy, yeomanly have faith in, have no doubt, have no reservations, look
forward to, place reliance in, pray for, presume, put confi-
HONORABLE (Judge), adjective acclaimed, adjudger, dence in, rely on
adjudicator, administrator of justice, admired, applauded, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: hopelessly insolvent
arbiter, arbitrator, assessor, celebrated, chancellor, distin-
guished, elected, eminent, esteem, esteemed, exalted, HOPELESS, adjective comfortless, depressing, deso-
eximious, favor, held, held in esteem or high, held in re- late, desperate, dismal, doubtable, dreary, futile, grim, im-
spect, her honor, high, highly considered, highly regarded, possible, inauspicious, incorrigible, incurable, insoluble, ir-
highly reputed, his honor, honorable justice, honorary, recoverable, irredeemable, irreparable, irretrievable,
honored, honorific, illustrious, in favor, in high, in high re- irreversible, unachievable, unattainable, uncorrectable, un-
gard, intercessor, interpreter, jurist, justice, justicer, magis- doable, unfavorable, unobtainable, unpromising, unrealiz-
trate, marked, moderator, much admired, negotiator, able, useless
noble, notable, noted, of mark, of note, one who dispenses
justice, praetor, preeminent, prestigious, prominent, HORIZON, noun border, boundary, field of view, field
quaestor, referee, respected, revered, surrogate, the court, of vision, prospect, range, range of vision, realm, skyline,
umpire, venerable, well-thought-of, widely acclaimed, view, vista
your honor
HORNBOOK, noun abstract on the law, analysis, analy-
HONORABLE (Upright), adjective august, awe-inspiring, zation, annotated text, capitulation, capsule, commentary,
dignified, estimable, ethical, high-minded, high-principled, compendium, condensation, desk book, digest of the law,
honest, incorruptible, legitimate, moral, noble-minded, discourse on the law, dissection, dissertation on the law,
principled, respected, time-honored, to be trusted, tried encyclopedia, excursus, exposition, manual, manual of in-
and true, true, trustworthy, truth-loving, uncorrupted, up- struction, pandect, primer, recapitulation, review, run-
standing, venerable through, study, study book, text, textbook, topical outline,
treatise, treatise on the law
HONORARIUM, noun acknowledgment, arrangement,
compensation, consideration, earnings, emolument, fee, HORRENDOUS, adjective abominable, appalling, atro-
financial remuneration, gratuity, guerdon, income, indem- cious, awful, contemptible, deplorable, despicable, detest-
nity, installment, meed, payment, quittance, recompense, able, disgusting, dreadful, foul, frightening, frightful,
reimbursement, remuneration, requital, retainer, reward for ghastly, ghoulish, gruesome, harrowing, heinous, hideous,
service, salary, settlement, stipend horrible, horrid, horrifying, loathsome, macabre, mon-
strous, obnoxious, odious, offensive, pathetic, pitiful, rep-
HONORARY, adjective commemorative, commenda- rehensible, repulsive, revolting, shameful, shocking, terri-
tory, dedicatory, enshrining, hallowing, honorific, honorifi- ble, terrifying, unspeakable, vile, villainous
cal, in memory of, in tribute, kept in remembrance, memorial,
perpetuating, recalling to mind, serving to commemorate HORRIBLE, adjective abhorrent, abominable, appalling,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: honorary degree, honorary officer, atrocious, awful, contemptible, deplorable, despicable, de-
honorary trust testable, disgusting, dreadful, foul, frightening, frightful,
ghastly, ghoulish, gruesome, harrowing, heinous, hideous,
HONORED, adjective acclaimed, admired, adored, ap- horrendous, horrid, horrifying, loathsome, macabre, mon-
plauded, appreciated, approved, celebrated, cheered, com- strous, obnoxious, odious, offensive, pathetic, pitiful, repre-
mended, complimented, considered, distinguished, enno- hensible, repulsive, revolting, shameful, shocking, terrible,
bled, esteemed, eulogized, exalted, extolled, fabled, famed, terrifying, unspeakable, vile, villainous
famous, far-famed, glorified, hailed, held in highest esteem,
held in highest regard, held in highest respect, highly re- HORRID, adjective abhorrent, abominable, appalling,
garded, honored, idolized, lauded, lionized, much-acclaimed, atrocious, awful, despicable, dire, disastrous, disgusting,

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distasteful, dreadful, foul, ghastly, grim, gross, heinous, HOSTILE WITNESS, noun adverse testifier, adverse
hideous, horrendous, horrible, horrific, loathsome, nasty, witness, antithetical witness, challenger, contrary witness,
noisome, noxious, obnoxious, obscene, odious, repellent, disagreeing witness, dissenting witness, dissentious
repugnant, repulsive, revolting, terrible, undesirable, un- witness, dissident, harmful witness, opposing witness, trai-
pleasant, unspeakable, vile tor, turncoat, witness in opposition
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: cross examination, leading questions
HORRIFY, verb abash, alarm, appall, become repre-
hensible, consternate, disgust, dismay, distress, disturb, HOSTILITY, noun alienation, animosity, animus, an-
frighten, intimidate, nauseate, offend, outrage, petrify, tagonism, antipathy, bad blood, bitterness, blood feud,
repel, repulse, scare, scare to death, shock, sicken, startle, conflict, contention, coolness, disaffection, discord, es-
stun, stupefy, terrify trangement, feud, friction, grudge, hate, hatred, hostility,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: horrifying a jury to evoke a desired inhospitableness, jaundice, loathing, malice, malignancy,
response malignity, opposition, rancor, score, spite, spitefulness,
strain, tension, unfriendliness, vendetta, venom, vindictive-
HORROR, noun abhorrence, abomination, anguish, ness, virulence, vitriol
aversion, awfulness, detestation, disgust, fright, frightful- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: hostile workplace
ness, ghastliness, gruesomeness, hideousness, horrible-
ness, horridness, loathing, loathsomeness, lunacy, odious- HOT-BLOODED, adjective aggressive, amorous, athirst,
ness, offense, outrage, rancor, repugnance, repulsion, avid, barbarous, bold, brutal, burning, careless, danger-
revulsion loving, daredevil, daring, desirous, desperate, eager, exces-
sive, excitable, extreme, febrile, fervent, fervid, feverish,
HORTATIVE, adjective admonitory, advising, advisory, fiery, flaming, foolhardy, frantic, hasty, headstrong, heated,
consultative, didactic, exhortative, exhortatory, expostula- heedless, high-spirited, high-strung, hot-headed, hot-tem-
tive, expostulatory, full of exhortation, full of urgency, hor- pered, immoderate, impatient, impractical, imprudent, inat-
tans, hortatory, monens, monitorial, persuading, persua- tentive, incautious, inflamed, inflammatory, insuppressible,
sive, remonstrative, suasive, warning intemperate, intense, intent, irrepressible, lustful, madcap,
oversensitive, passionate, piquant, quenchless, quick-tem-
HOST (Multitude), noun a many, a mass of, aggrega- pered, rampant, rash, reckless, risk-taking, savage, sensi-
tion, an abundance of, army, array, assembly, body, cloud, tive, short-tempered, strong-willed, temerarious, thought-
cluster, company, congregation, crowd, crush, flood, gal- less, torrid, turbulent, unadvised, unbridled, uncircumspect,
axy, group, herd, horde, jam, large amount, litter, nest, no uncontrollable, ungentle, ungovernable, unmitigable, un-
end of, numbers, pack, panoply, quantities, school, scores, quelled, unquenched, unrepressed, unwary, vehement,
slew, storm venturesome, violent, wanton, willful, zealous
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: heat of passion, manslaughter, tempo-
HOST (Owner), noun barkeeper, bartender, hostess, rary insanity
hotel keeper, innkeeper, inviter, owner, owner of an estab-
lishment, party-giver, proprietor, restaurant owner, restau- HOUSE, noun abode, accommodations, aedes, business
rateur, saloon keeper, serving liquor, tavern keeper establishment, business firm, clan, commercial establish-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: host liability statute ment, company, concern, domicile, domicilium, domus,
dwelling, dwelling place, family, firm, habitation, home,
HOSTAGE, noun bond, captive, collateral, guarantee, homestead, household, kin, kindred, lineage, living place,
internee, obses, pledge, political prisoner, prisoner, real living quarters, lodging, place of habitation, quarters, resi-
security, security dence, shelter, tribe
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: false imprisonment, kidnapping, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: House of Representatives
ransom
HOUSE ARREST, noun confinement at home, confine-
HOSTILE, adjective abusive, acrimonious, actively op- ment to a residence, custodial detention, domestic re-
posed, adverse, aggressive, alienated, antagonistic, antipa- straint, house confinement, imprisonment, punishment at
thetic, antipodal, antithetic, antithetical, antonymous, argu- home, restraint at home, restriction at home, retention at
ing, argumentative, assaulting, at odds, at variance, baneful, home, serving a sentence at home, serving time at home
battling, besetting, bitter, bristling, calamitous, cantanker-
ous, challenging, clashing, combative, competitive, con- HOUSEBREAKING, noun appropriation, breaking and
flicting, contentious, contesting, contradictory, contrariant, entering, burglarizing, burglary, felony, filching, forcible
contrarious, contrary, counteracting, counteractive, de- entry, larceny, looting, pilfering, plundering, raiding, rob-
structive, disaffected, disagreeing, disastrous, discordant, bery, stealing, theft, thievery, trespassing
disdainful, disloyal, disputatious, dissentient, dissenting,
dissentious, dissident, divided, dreadful, embittered, HOUSEHOLD (Domestic), adjective at home, domesti-
estranged, factious, frictional, full of hate, full of malice, cus, domiciled, domiciliary, domiciliated, family, fond of
harmful, harsh, ill-disposed, ill-willed, in opposition, inac- home, having home interests, home, home-loving, home-
quiescent, incompatible, inconsistent with, infensus, infes- owning, homemaking, housekeeping, in residence, lares,
tus, inimical, inimicus, irreconcilable, malevolent, nonco- penates, pertaining to home, pertaining to the family, resi-
operating, opposed, opposing, opposite, oppositional, dential, residentiary
oppugnant, polarized, pugnacious, rancorous, reactionary, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: household articles, household effects,
refractory, renitent, reverse, schismatic, spiteful, truculent, household goods, household member, household servant
unapproving, unconsonant, uncooperative, unharmonious,
vicious, vis-à-vis, wrangling HOUSEHOLD (Familiar), adjective accustomed, cele-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: hostile fire, hostile intent, hostile party, brated, cognized, common, commonly known, common-
hostile possession of property, hostile witness place, conventional, customary, everyday, famous, habitual,

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ordinary, plain, popular, prevalent, recognized, regular, re- embarrassment, ignominy, insult, malign, mortification,
nowned, simple, standard, stock, talked-about, talked-of, obloquy, ridicule, scoff, scorn, shame, shame, slander,
universally recognized, usual, well-known, well-recog- slight, sneer, snub, spurn, taint, treat with indignity
nized, widely known, widespread, workaday ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: defamation, frivolous lawsuit with
sanctions, libel, slander
HOUSEHOLD, noun domestic circle, domestic domi-
cile, domestic establishment, domus, establishment, fa- HUMOR, adjective amusement, burlesque, cheer, com-
milia, family, family abode, family circle, family dwelling edy, comic, drollery, enjoyment, farce, foolery, fun, funniness,
place, habitation, home, homestead, lodging, parents and hilariousness, humorousness, improv, jest, jocularity, lam-
children, place of abode, residence poon, parody, playfulness, pleasure, richness, satire, slap-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: homestead stick, uproariousness, whimsical comical, whimsy, wit, witty
FOREIGN PHRASES: Domus sua cuique est tutissimum refu-
gium. Everyone’s home is his safest refuge. Debet sua HUNT, verb burrow, chase, chase after, conduct a
cuique domus esse perfugium tutissimum. Every man’s search, consectari, delve for, ensnare, explore, fasten one-
home should be a perfectly safe refuge. self upon, ferret, follow, follow close upon, follow the trail,
forage, give chase, go after, go in pursuit of, go in search
HUMAN, noun being, body, character, human being, of, grope for, gun for, hawk, hound, inquire for, look for,
individual, living soul, man, member of the human race, probe, prowl after, pry, pursue, quest, root, run after, search
one, particular one, party, person, woman for, search out, seek, set a trap for, snare, stalk, trace, track
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: human rights law, United Nations down, trail, trap, try to find, venari
Declaration of Human Rights ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: extradition, hunt for a fugitive, rendi-
tion, search and seizure, search warrant
HUMANE, adjective altruistic, beneficent, benevolent,
benign, bounteous, brotherly, charitable, clemens, clem- HURDLE, noun barricade, barrier, block, constraint,
ent, considerate, decent, fraternal, generous, helpful, hos- curb, detainment, difficulty, drawback, hamper, handicap,
pitable, humanitarian, humanus, kind, kindhearted, kindly, hindrance, impediment, inconvenience, limitation, obsta-
merciful, misericors, philanthropic, unselfish, warmhearted cle, obstruction, prohibition, restraint, restriction, stumbling
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: gift for a humane purpose block, wall

HUMANITY (Humaneness), noun altruism, beneficence, HURRICANE, noun adversity, calamity, catastrophe,
benevolence, benignancy, benignity, charitableness, clem- disaster, flood, natural disaster, rain, rain and wind storm,
ency, clementia, compassion, feeling, gentleness, good rainstorm, serious calamity, storm, tragedy, upheaval
will, humanitas, kindheartedness, kindness, lenience, leni- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: FEMA
ency, lenity, mercifulness, mercy, mildness, misericordia,
sympathy, understanding, unselfishness HURRY, verb accelerate, conclude, create, demand
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: crimes against humanity, humanitarian more, develop, drive faster, drive harder, engender, expe-
doctrine, humanitarian laws, last clear chance dite, get more productivity, go faster, hasten, in high gear,
pick up the pace, precipitate, press, press forward, push,
HUMANITY (Mankind), noun generations of man, gens quicken, quicken the pace, speed up, spur, to go full
humana, hominum generis, homo sapiens, human beings, throttle
humankind, humanum genus, man, mortals, people, peo- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: expedited trial, speedy trial
ples of the earth, persons
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: crimes against humanity HURT, noun abuse, affliction, affront, batter, bruise,
clobber, contuse, cripple, cut, damage, deface, defacement,
HUMBLE, adjective acquiescent, base, common, com- destroy, detriment, disfigure, disfigurement, disservice,
pliant, decent, deferential, demure, meek, menial, modest, flaw, gash, gore, hamstring, harm physically, hit, impair,
plain, plebian, prole, proletarian, reserved, resigned, retir- impairment, indignity, inequity, injure, injustice, laceration,
ing, self-deprecating, self-effacing, servile, sheepish, shy, lame, maim, mangle, physical damage, pulverize, raze,
subdued, submissive, sycophantic, timid, unaffected, unag- scar, vitiate, wound, wrong
gressive, unassertive, unobtrusive ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: damages contained in a complaint

HUMILIATE, verb abase, abash, affront, befool, bespatter, HURT (Harm), verb afflict, aggrieve, blemish, break,
blackball, blacken, brand, bring shame upon, cast a slur upon, cause damages, compromise, cross, damage, decimate,
cast down, contemn, cow, crush, debase, defame, deflate, devastate, disadvantage, impair, maltreat, mar, mutilate,
degrade, demean, demote, depreciate, deride, derogate, dis- scrape, spoil, torment, torture
credit, disgrace, dishonor, disparage, disrank, disrate, down-
grade, embarrass, expose to infamy, fill with shame, give of- HURT (Offend), verb abuse, affront, breach, break,
fense to, hold in derision, hold in disrespect, humble, incur denigrate, deny, disparage, disregard, disrespect, distress,
blame, insult, laugh at, lower, make a fool of, make lowly, disturb, infringe, insult, interfere, malign, miff, neglect, op-
malign, misprize, mock, mortify, offend, put down, put out of press, outrage, pain, prevent, revile, slap, slight, snub,
countenance, put to shame, reduce to the ranks, render hum- stray, torment, traduce, transgress, trespass, upset, violate,
ble, ridicule, scoff, scorn, shame, show disrespect, slight, sneer, wound
snub, spurn, stain, stigmatize, sully, taint, tarnish, treat with ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: hurt the chances of success in a lower
disrespect, treat with indignity, undervalue, vanquish, vilify court, hurt the chances on appeal
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: mental anguish
HUSH MONEY, noun blackmail, blood money, bribe, bribe
HUMILIATION, noun chagrin, defamation, degrada- money, corrupt money, cover-up, criminal payoff, entice-
tion, disgrace, dishonor, disparagement, disrespect, ment, graft, gratuity, illegal bribe, illegal funds, illegal gratuity,

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illegal money, illegal payoff, illegal payout, inducement, pay- pretense, pretense of virtue, pretension, quackery, sancti-
off, payoff for corruption, payoff for silence, payoff to quash moniousness, sanctimony, show, trickery
testimony, prize, slush fund, suppression of evidence
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bribery, public officials’ code of conduct HYPOTHECATION, noun collateral, contract of mort-
gage, contract of pledge, creation of a lien, guarantee, lien,
HYPERBOLE, noun aggrandizement, amplification, en- mortgage, pledge, security
hancement, enlargement, exaggeration, extravagance, mag- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: hypothecated property
nification, overemphasis, overenlargement, overstatement
HYPOTHESIS, noun assertion, assignment of cause, as-
HYPERBOLIC, adjective blown-up, distorted, elaborated, sumption, conclusion drawn from accepted truths, coniec-
embellished, enhanced, enlarged, exaggerated, expanded, tura, conjecture, deduction, guess, inference, postulate,
expressed to an excess, expressed to an extreme, grandilo- postulation, speculation, suggestion, supposal, supposi-
quent, heightening, inflated, intensified, magnified, maximiza- tion, surmise, tentative explanation, tentative law, theory,
tion, over amplified, overdoing, overemphasized, puffing up, thesis, unproved theory
sensationalized, stretched, stretched to the imagination,
swelled HYPOTHETICAL, adjective assumed, conjectural, hypo-
thetic, imaginary, make-believe, opinabilis, pretended,
HYPOCRISY, noun artfulness, charlatanism, charlatanry, speculative, supposed, suppositional, suppositive, unreal,
deceit, deceitfulness, deception, dishonesty, dissembling, unverifiable
dissimulatio, double-dealing, duplicity, false profession, falsi- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: hypothetical controversy, hypothetical
fication, fraud, fraudulence, fraus, front, guile, hollow pre- facts, hypothetical issue, hypothetical pleading, hypotheti-
tense, imposture, improbity, insincerity, perjury, pharisaism, cal question, speculation

IDEA, noun abstraction, aim, appraisal, apprehension, cognizance, comparison, corroboration, definition, delin-
assessment, belief, calculation, cogitatio, conceit, concept, eation, denomination, description, designation, detection,
conception, conjecture, conviction, doctrine, dogma, esti- discernment, disclosure, ID, identity classification, identity
mate, estimation, evaluation, excogitation, fancy, guess, comparison, identity verification, label, proof of domicile,
hypothesis, impression, inference, intent, intention, judg- proof of identity, proof of residency, recognition, recogni-
ment, notio, notion, object, opinion, percept, perception, zance, recollection, signature, signification, substantiation,
persuasion, plan, point of view, presupposition, product of verification
imagination, purpose, reflection, sentiment, supposition, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: extrajudicial identification, laws, na-
surmise, suspicion, tenet, theory, thought, train of thought, tional identification cards, lineup, voter identification
valuation, view, viewpoint FOREIGN PHRASES: Ex multitudine signorum, colligitur iden-
titas vera. The true identity of a thing is shown from a
IDEAL, adjective absolute, abstract, advantageous, ar- number of signs. Nihil facit error nominis cum de cor-
chetypical, best, complete, consummate, dreamy, excel- pore constat. An error in the name is of no consequence
lent, exemplary, fancied, fantastic, faultless, fictitious, ideal- when there is certainty as to the person.
istic, legendary, optimum, supreme, utopian

IDENTICAL, adjective alike, coequal, comparable, con- IDENTIFY, verb analyze, ascertain, attest, authenticate,
generic, congenerous, consimilar, consubstantial, duplicate, call, catalog, certify, classify, confirm, corroborate, delin-
equal, equivalent, exact, exactly alike, exactly the same, eate, denominate, denote, describe, descry, designate,
faithful, homogeneous, idem, indistinguishable, interchange- detect, determine, discriminate, distinguish, espy, estab-
able, like, matching, resembling, similar, synonymous, tanta- lish, give a name to, give an appellation to, know, label,
mount, twin, uniform, without distinction locate, name, perceive, pick out, pinpoint, place, point a
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: identical issue, identical real estate finger to, prove, provide with nomenclature, recognize,
recollect, select, specify, spot, style, substantiate, term,
IDENTIFICATION, noun appellation, ascertainment, as- uncover, verify
sociation, certification, characterization, classification, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: DNA, identity theft

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IDENTIFY WITH, verb associate with, compare, con- IGNOBLE, adjective abject, base, baseborn, beggarly,
nect with, empathize with, equate with, relate to, under- below par, boorish, common, contemptible, corrupt,
stand, look up to, hold in highest regard cowardly, craven, debased, degenerate, degraded, de-
praved, despicable, discreditable, disgraceful, dishonest, dis-
IDENTITY (Individuality), noun being, characteristic, honorable, disreputable, humble, humilis, ignominious, inde-
difference, dissimilarity, distinction, distinctive feature, dis- cent, infamous, inferior, inglorious, inhonestus, inliberalis,
tinctiveness, distinctness, distinguishing characteristic, dis- insignificant, low, lowborn, lowly, mean, menial, of humble
tinguishing quality, idiosyncrasy, individualism, manner- birth, of low character, of low extraction, of low station,
ism, oneness, originality, particularity, peculiarity, peasant, plebian, proletarian, raffish, reproachful, scan-
perceivable dissimilarity, personal characteristic, personal- dalous, scrubby, scurrilous, servile, shameful, sorry, sub-
ity, personship, quality of being singular, self, selfhood, altern, unchivalrous, uncouth, uncultivated, underbred,
selfness, singleness, singularity, speciality, specialty, spe- ungenteel, unmanly, unrespectable, untitled, unworthy,
cific quality, specificity, uniqueness, unlikeness vile, vulgar, wicked, worthless
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: duty to ascertain identity, proof of
identity IGNOMINIOUS, adjective base, blameworthy, con-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Nihil facit error nominis cum de cor- temptible, contemptuous, corrupt, criminal, debased, de-
pore constat. An error in the name is of no consequence bauched, degenerate, depraved, despicable, discreditable,
when there is certainty as to the person. Ex multitudine disgraceful, dishonorable, ignoble, immoral, inglorious,
signorum, colligitur identitas vera. The true identity of a low, mean, miserable, notorious, opprobrious, reprehensi-
thing is shown from a number of signs. Nomina sunt mu- ble, seamy, shady, shameful, sordid, unethical, unrespect-
tabilia, res autem immobiles. Names are mutable, but able, unsavory, villainous, wretched, wrong
things are immutable.
IGNOMINY, noun abasement, abjection, abjectness,
IDENTITY (Similarity), noun agreement, alikeness, close- attaint, bad name, bad reputation, bad repute, badge of
ness, coequality, comparability, conformability, consimilarity, infamy, blot, brand, chagrin, condemnation, contempt,
consimilitude, consimility, duplication, equality, equipol- contemptibility, contemptibleness, culpability, culpable-
lence, equipollency, equivalence, homogeneity, identical- ness, debasement, dedecoration, degradation, demotion,
ness, interchangeability, likeness, match, oneness, parallelism, denunciation, derision, derogation, despisedness, disap-
parity, resemblance, sameness, semblance, similarity, simili- probation, disapproval, discommendation, discredit, dis-
tude, synonymity, uniformity, unity creditableness, disesteem, disfavor, disgrace, dishonor,
dishonorableness, dislike, disparagement, dispraise, dis-
IDENTITY THEFT, noun crime through impersonation, reputability, disreputableness, disreputation, disrepute,
criminal theft through impersonation, embezzlement disvaluation, embarrassment, faded reputation, humilia-
through impersonation, felonious deception, felonious tion, ignobility, ignominia, ignomy, ill favor, ill repute,
taking through impersonation, fraudulent deception, fraud- imputation, infamia, infamy, ingloriousness, irreverence,
ulent taking through impersonation, grand larceny by im- lack of respect, loss of honor, loss of reputation, loss of
personation, illegal deception, larcenous deception, lar- respect, low standing, mortification, obloquy, odium, op-
ceny by impersonation, misappropriation through probrium, ostracism, poor reputation, reproach, scandal,
impersonation, petit larceny by impersonation, pilferage sense of disgrace, sense of shame, shame, slur, smirch,
by impersonation, pilfering by impersonation, stealing by stain, stigma, taint, tarnish, tarnished honor, turpitudo,
deception, stealing through impersonation, swindling by unrespectability
deception, swindling through impersonation, taking ille-
gally through impersonation, theft by impersonation, IGNORANCE, noun benightedness, bewilderment,
thievery by impersonation, thievery by imposed decep- blindness, darkness, denseness, fog, foolishness, greenness,
tion, wrongful deception haze, illiteracy, illiterateness, imprudentia, incapacity, incog-
nizance, incomprehension, ineptitude, inerudition, inexperi-
IDEOLOGICAL, adjective analytical, cerebral, clairvoy- ence, innocence, inscientia, inscitia, insensibility, lack of
ant, conjectural, devout, having a strong bent, having education, lack of knowledge, lack of learning, maze, ne-
strong beliefs, hopeful, idealistic, imaginative, intellectual, science, obtuseness, perplexity, rawness, simpleness, sim-
logical, metaphysical, pedantic, principled, quixotic, ratio- plicity, unacquaintance, unawareness, unconsciousness,
nal, reasoning, spiritual, subjective, thoughtful unenlightenment, unfamiliarity, unintellectuality, unintelli-
gence, unknowingness, unlearnedness, unscholarliness,
IDIOSYNCRASY, noun curiosity, eccentricity, errati- untaught state, unworldliness, vagueness, want of knowl-
cism, individualism, irregularity, kink, mannerism, oddity, edge
peculiarity, predilection, predisposition, proclivity, quid- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: culpable ignorance, essential ignorance,
dity, quirk, singularity, trick ignorance of law, involuntary ignorance, plead ignorance,
voluntary ignorance
IDLE, adjective disengaged, fallow, fruitless, futile, ig- FOREIGN PHRASES: Ignorantia praesumitur ubi scientia
navus, inactive, indolent, inert, jobless, lazy, listless, mo- non probatur. Ignorance is presumed where knowledge
tionless, otiosus, shiftless, slothful, still, uncultivated, unem- is not proved. Ignorantia legis neminem excusat.
ployed, unoccupied, unprofitable, unused, vacant, vacuus, Ignorance of the law excuses no one. Regula est, juris
workless quidem ignorantiam cuique nocere, facti vero igno-
rantiam non nocere. The rule is that a person’s igno-
IDLE THREAT, noun deficient threat, empty threat, rance of the law may prejudice him, but that his igno-
harmless threat, ineffectual threat, meaningless threat, rance of fact will not. Ignorantia juris sui non
menacing, mere notice, mere talking, mere warning, only praejudicat juri. Ignorance of one’s right does not
words, saber-rattling, subtle intimidation, testing, trial bal- prejudice the right. Ignorantia excusator, non juris sed
loon, veiled threat facti. Ignorance of fact may excuse, but not ignorance of

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law. Ignorantia juris quod quisque tenetur scire, ne- ILL-ADVISED, adjective counterproductive, disadvan-
minem excusat. Ignorance of law, which everyone is tageous, falsely construed, foolish, hasty, ill-considered,
bound to know, excuses no one. Nemo tenetus infor- ill-contrived, ill-judged, impolitic, imprudent, inadvisable,
mare qui nescit, sed quisquis scire quod informat. No inappropriate, inconsiderate, inconsultus, inconvenient, in-
one who is ignorant of a thing is bound to give informa- expedient, infelicitous, injudicious, inopportune, inter-
tion about it, but everyone is bound to know that con- preted incorrectly, irresponsible, labored over under a
cerning which he gives information. misapprehension, misadvised, miscalculated, miscon-
strued, miscounseled, misestimated, misguided, misin-
IGNORANCE OF LAW, adjective blindness, devoid of formed, misinterpreted, misjudged, misled, mistaken,
knowledge of the law, have no idea of the specifics of the misunderstood, rash, reckless, senseless, shortsighted, te-
law, incognizance, incomprehension, ineptitude, lack of merarius, unconsidered, undesirable, unfit, unpolitical, un-
knowledge of legal requirements, lack of learning of legal reasonable, unseemly, unsuitable, unwise
requirements, no knowledge of legal constraints, not
schooled in the law, obtuseness, unawareness of rules, un- ILL-CONCEIVED, adjective deceived, distorted, esti-
awareness of rules of conduct, unawareness of standards mated incorrectly, failed to understand, impolitic, inexpe-
which are imposed, unawareness of statutory requirements, dient, laboring under a misapprehension, misapprehended,
unfamiliarity, unfamiliarity with established rule of law, un- miscalculated, misconstrued, misestimated, misguided,
familiarity with laws, unfamiliarity with legal requirements, misinformed, misinterpreted, misjudged, misled, mis-
vagueness on the specifics in the law take, mistaken, misunderstood, perverted the meaning
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: defenses, due process, notice of, reasonless, received a false impression of, received a
FOREIGN PHRASES: Ignorantia, legis neminem, excusat. wrong impression of, senseless, thoughtless, valued in-
Ignorance of the law excuses no one. Ignorantia, praesumi- correctly
tur, ubi scientia non probatur. Ignorance is presumed where ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: ill-conceived decision by the count
knowledge has not been proven.
ILL-CONSIDERED, adjective adverse, against, antago-
IGNORANT, adjective analphabetic, benighted, dark, nistic, antipathetic, averse, badly assessed, contrary, disad-
dense, devoid of knowledge, devoid of learning, devoid of vantageous, discordant, disturbing, fractious, hasty, hostile,
understanding, failing to comprehend, illiterate, in a daze, ill-advised, ill-judged, impolitic, imprudent, inadvisable, in-
in a fog, incapable, incompetent, inept, inexperienced, appropriate, infelicitous, inhospitable, injudicious, misad-
lacking education, lacking knowledge, lacking learning, vised, misguided, offensive, opposed, pugnacious, reckless,
lacking the ability to comprehend, lacking understanding, senseless, shortsighted, unconsidered, undesirable, unfit,
nonliterate, not being aware, not capable of comprehend- unfriendly, unpleasant, unreasonable, unseemly, unsuitable,
ing, not capable of learning, obtuse, perplexed, raw, rude, unsympathetic, unwise
simple, unaware, unconscious, uneducated, unenlightened, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: ill-considered opinion or course of
uninstructed, unknowing, unlearned, unlettered, unprepre- action
pared, unread, unschooled, untaught, untutored
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: ignorance of the law, ignorance of ILL-CONTRIVED, adjective counterproductive,
the law is not an excuse for actions, ignorant of the rule falsely construed, foolish, ill-advised, imprudent, inadvis-
of law able, inexpedient, injudicious, interpreted incorrectly,
misadvised, miscalculated, misconstrued, misestimated,
IGNORE (Disbelieve), verb be indifferent to, brush misguided, misinformed misinterpreted, misjudged, mis-
aside, discountenance, disregard, gloss over, make light of, led, mistaken, misunderstood, to labor under a misappre-
pass over, pay no attention to, pay no heed to, pay no mind hension, unpolitical
to, turn a deaf ear to
ILL-DISPOSED, adjective acrimonious, against, an-
IGNORE (Disregard), verb be indifferent to, belittle, tagonistic, anti, antipathetic, apprehensive, averse, bellig-
brush aside, depreciate, discountenance, discredit, dises- erent, considering, contentious, contra, contrary, crusty,
teem, disparage, disregard, distain, distrust, doubt, gloss discordant, disdainful, disputatious, epugnant to, fractious,
over, harbor suspicions, make light of, misprize, mistrust, hostile, hostile to, ill-intentioned, ill-natured, ill-willed, in-
pass over, pay no attention, pay no heed, pay no mind, hospitable, inimical, malevolent, malicious, mean, on the
question, slight, spurn, suspect fence, opposed to, opposing, quarreling, rancorous, reluc-
tant, repellent, resentful, resistant, resistive, sinister, spite-
ILL (Bad), adjective adverse, antagonistic, baleful, belli- ful, testy, unaligned, unfavorable, unfriendly to, unpropi-
cose, belligerent, calamitous, cantankerous, corrupt, crabbed, tious, unsympathetic, unsympathetic to
crabby, cross, damaging, degenerate, deleterious, depraved,
destructive, detrimental, evil, fell, fractious, harm, harmful, ILL-FOUNDED, adjective apocryphal, baseless,
hostile, hurtful, immoral, inauspicious, infelicitous, iniquitous, empty, erroneous, fallacious, false, fanciful, groundless,
injurious, insult, irascible, irritable, low, mean, mischief, mis- inaccurate, incorrect, insubstantial, sophistic, sophistical,
fortune, nefarious, nocuous, pernicious, ruinous, sinful, snap- suppositional, trumped up, unbased, unconfirmed, un-
pish, snappy, sullen, trouble, unfavorable, unfriendly, unkind, founded, ungrounded, unsubstantial, unsupportable, un-
unkindly, unlucky, unpromising, unpropitious, wicked, wrong supported, unsustainable, untenable, unwarranted, with-
out basis, without foundation, without sound basis, without
ILL (Sick), adjective afflicted, ailing, bedridden, con- substance
fined, diseased, feeble, feverish, has a medical condition, in
the hospital, indisposed, infirm, laid up, malady, not feeling ILL-JUDGED, adjective acting without due consider-
well, not up to snuff, not well, on the sick list, out of com- ation, against reason, blind, careless, hasty, headstrong,
mission, under the weather, weak heedless, ill-advised, ill-chosen, ill-considered, ill-contrived,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: fee for service, health care, HMO illogical, impatient, imprudent, inconsiderate, inept,

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 ILL-NATURED

inexact, inexpedient, injudicious, irrational, lacking discre- prohibited, prohibited by law, proscribed, punishable, quod
tion, misadvised, miscalculated, rash, reckless, short- contra leges fit, unauthorized, unchartered, unconstitu-
sighted, showing poor judgment, thoughtless, unconsid- tional, unjustified, unlawful, unsanctioned, unwarrantable,
ered, undiscerning, unenlightened, unguided, unwarranted, vetitus, without authority, wrongful
unreasonable, unreasoning, unsensible, unsound, unthink- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: illegal acts, illegal business, illegal
ing, unthoughtful, unwise, wild combination, illegal contract, illegal detention, illegal dis-
crimination, illegal force, illegal operation, illegal picketing,
ILL-NATURED, adjective abject, acrimonious, antipa- illegal possession, illegal practice, illegal purpose, illegal
thetic, arrant, base, cantankerous, coarse, contemptible, restraint, illegal sale, illegal search and seizure, illegal stat-
contentious, contrary, crusty, despicable, disobliging, dispu- ute, illegal taking, illegal tax, illegal trade, illegal transac-
tatious, froward, hostile, ignoble, ignominious, ill-disposed, tion, illegal use, mala in se, mala prohibita
ill-tempered, inhospitable, knavish, mean, nervous, objec-
tionable, pusillanimous, scandalous, servile, snappish, testy, ILLEGALITY, noun corruptness, criminality, illegiti-
unaccommodating, vicious, vile, villainous, virulent macy, impropriety, infraction, infringement, lawlessness,
malefaction, misdeed, transgression, unauthorization, un-
ILL REPUTE, noun bad name, bad repute, baseness, derhandedness, unfitness, unlawfulness, violation of the
contemptibility, contemptibleness, degradation, disap- law
proval, disesteem, disfavor, disgrace, dishonor, dislike, dis- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: ultra vires
reputability, disreputation, disrespectability, improperness, FOREIGN PHRASES: Pacta quae contra leges constitution-
impropriety, infamy, notoriety, questionability, questionable- esque vel contra bonos mores fiunt nullam vim habere,
ness, rascality, shadiness, shame, unpopularity indubitati juris est. It is unquestionably the law that con-
tracts which are made contrary to the laws or against good
ILL-REPUTE, adjective berated, censured, contemptible, morals, have no force in law.
debased, defamed, degraded, denunciated, discredited,
disesteemed, disfavored, disgraced, dishonored, dispar- ILLEGALLY, adverb contrary to law, criminally, feloni-
aged, disrespected, has a bad reputation, having a stigma, ously, illegitimately, illicitly, impermissibly, improperly, in
lewd, reviled, scorned, shamed, vilified violation of law, tortiously, unlawfully, without legal author-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: discrediting a witness ity, without legal sanction, wrongfully
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: acting illegally, illegally assessed, ille-
ILL TREATMENT (Misuse), noun ill usage, ill use, mal- gally obtained, illegally procured, illegally sold
treatment, mishandling, mistreatment, misusage
ILLEGITIMATE (Born out of wedlock), adjective adulter-
ILL TREATMENT (Oppression), noun abuse, bullying, ine, base-born, bastard, misbegot, misbegotten, nothus, of
intimidation, malice, outrage, persecution, tyranny, vicious- illicit union, unlawfully begotten, unnatural
ness, victimization ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: illegitimate children, legitimation,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: ill treatment of prisoners paternity proceeding, presumption of legitimacy
FOREIGN PHRASES: Parentum est liberos alere atiam nothos.
ILL-USE, verb abuse, abuti, afflict, be hurtful, be malevo- It is the duty of parents to support their children even when
lent, bruise, buffet, castigate, cause evil, damage, deal hard illegitmate. Qui nascitur sine legitimo matrimonio, ma-
measure to, do an injustice to, do evil, do harm to, do vio- trem sequitur. He who is born out of lawful matrimony
lence, do wrong, flagellate, grind, harm, hurt, ill-treat, in- succeeds to the condition of his mother. Non est justum
jure, knock about, malign, maltreat, manhandle, manipu- aliquem antenatum post mortem facere bastardum
late, mishandle, mistreat, misuse, oppress, overdrive, qui toto tempore vitae suae pro legitimo habebatur. It
persecute, plague, show ill will, torment, torture, treat cru- is not just to make anyone a bastard after his death, who
elly, treat unfairly, treat unkindly, use badly, use wrongly, during his lifetime was regarded as legitimate. Justum
vicitimize non est aliquem antenatum mortuum facere bastar-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: contributory negligence, misuse of a dum, qui pro tota vita sua pro legitimo habetur. It is
product not just to make a bastard after his death one elder born
who all his life has been accounted legitimate. Qui ex dam-
ILL WILL, noun acerbity, acute dissatisfaction, ad- nato coitu nascuntur inter liberos non computentur.
verseness, alienation, animosity, animus, antagonism, an- They who are born of an illicit union should not be reckoned
tipathy, aversion, bad intent, belligerency, bitter feelings, among the children.
bitterness, chagrin, conflict, contrariety, coolness, deliber-
ate malice, detestation, disaffection, discontent, dislike, ILLEGITIMATE (Illegal), adjective against the law,
disquiet, dissatisfaction, enmity, hard feelings, hostility, ill banned, contrary to law, criminal, forbidden, illicit, imper-
disposition, ill feeling, ill intent, incompatibility, inimical- missible, improper, interdicted, lawbreaking, malfeasant,
ity, intolerance, malevolence, malevolentia, malice, mali- non legitimus, not according to law, not permitted, out-
ciousness, malignance, malignancy, odium, opposition, lawed, outside the law, prohibited, prohibited by law,
rancor, resentment, spite, spitefulness, strain, tension, proscribed, unallowed, unauthorized, unlawful, unlicensed,
unfriendliness, unfriendly feeling, unkindness, unpopular- unsanctioned, wrongful
ity, wrath
ILLIBERAL, adjective avaricious, avarus, biased, big-
ILLEGAL, adjective actionable, against the law, oted, churlish, close, close-fisted, conservative, covetous,
banned, contrary to law, criminal, exceeding the law, fe- dogmatic, fanatical, grasping, greedy, grudging, hide-
lonious, forbidden, illegitimate, illicit, impermissible, im- bound, inhospitable, inliberalis, intolerant, mean, merce-
proper, inlicitus, invalid, lawless, not according to law, not nary, miserly, narrow, narrow-minded, niggardly, one-
allowed, not approved, not authorized by law, not covered sided, opinionated, parochial, parsimonious, partial,
by law, not permitted, not valid, outlawed, outside the law, penurious, persecuting, petty, prejudiced, reactionary,

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selfish, sordidus, sparing, stingy, stinting, tight, tightfisted, hallucination, masquerade, mirage, myth, optical illusion,
uncharitable, unchivalrous, ungenerous, ungentlemanly phantasm, phantasmagoria, phantom, semblance, specter,
spirit, unreality, vision, wraith
ILLICIT, adjective accusable, actionable, against the
law, banned, censored, contrary to law, criminal, exceeding ILLUSORY, adjective casuistic, casuistical, chimerical,
the law, felonious, forbidden, forbidden by law, guilty, ille- conjuring, counterfeit, deceiving, deceptive, deluding, delu-
gal, illegitimate, immoral, impermissible, improper, infa- sive, fabricated, fallacious, false, falsus, fancied, fanciful,
mous, iniquitous, injudicial, inlicitus, interdicted, lawless, fatuitous, feigned, fictitious, hatched, illusive, imaginary,
nonconstitutional, nonlegal, not according to law, not al- imagined, insidious, insubstantial, invented, make-be-
lowed, not approved, not covered by law, not permitted, lieve, misleading, mythic, mythological, not true, no-
out of bounds, outlawed, outside the law, prohibited, pro- tional, phantasmal, pretended, sophistic, sophistical,
scribed, punishable by law, quod contra leges fit, taboo, suppositional, tenuous, tricky, unactual, unauthentic, un-
tortious, triable, unallowed, unauthorized, unconstitutional, real, unsubstantial, unsupportable, vanus, visionary
under ban, unlawful, unlegalized, unlegislated, unprinci- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: illusory agreement, illusory appoint-
pled, unsanctioned, unseemly, unwarrantable, unwarranted, ment, illusory contract, illusory promise, illusory transfer,
vetitus, wicked, without authority, wrong, wrongful illusory trust
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: illicit cohabitation, illicit relations, illicit FOREIGN PHRASES: Judicium non debet esse illusorium;
relationship, illicit trade suum effectum habere debet. A judgment ought not to
be illusory; it ought to have its proper effect.
ILLITERACY, noun ineducation, inerudition, unintellec-
tualism, unlearnedness, unscholarliness ILLUSTRATE, verb cite, clarify, define, demonstrate, dis-
play, elucidate, enlighten, exemplify, exhibit, explain,
ILLNESS, noun affliction, ailing, ailment, complaint, expound, furnish an example, give an instance, illuminate,
defect, disability, disease, disorder, infirmity, malady, pros- inlustrare, instance, interpret, make evident, make plain,
tration, sickness make vivid, manifest, produce an example, represent,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: mental illness, terminal illness, unem- show, show by example, teach by examples
ployment compensation, Workers’ Compensation Law ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: illustrative questions

ILLOGICAL, adjective absurdus, contradictory, con- ILLUSTRATION, noun case in point, clarification, depic-
trary to reason, contrary to the rules of logic, fallacious, tion, depictment, display, elucidation, enucleation, example,
faulty, groundless, inconsistent, indefensible, irrational, exemplar, exemplification, exemplum, explanation, explica-
logically unsound, mistaken, nonscientific, paralogistic, tion, exponent, exposition, illumination, instance, manifesta-
self-contradictory, sophistic, sophistical, unfounded, un- tion, model, practical demonstration, relevant instance, rep-
grounded, unscientific, unsound, unsustainable, untenable, resentation, sample, showing, simplification, specimen
without basis, without foundation
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: arbitrary and capricious ILLUSTRATIVE, adjective annotative, clarifying, definitive,
delineatory, depictive, descriptive, elucidative, evincive, ex-
ILLUDE, verb be cunning, befool, beguile, cheat, chouse, emplary, explanatory, expository, figurative, general, graphic,
circumvent, cozen, deceive, decoy, defraud, delude, deride, illuminative, indicative, inferential, interpretative, narrative,
dupe, ensnare, fool, gerrymander, gull, hoax, inveigle, lead picaresque, representative, symbolic, typical
astray, lead into error, make a fool of, misdirect, misguide,
misinform, mislead, mock, outmaneuver, outwit, play false, ILLUSTRIOUS, adjective acclaimed, amplus, applauded,
practice chicanery, put something over, ridicule, scorn, bright, brilliant, celebrated, conspicuous, distinguished,
swindle, take advantage of, take in, trick, victimize eminent, excellent, eximious, famed, famous, glorious,
grand, great, heroic, honored, important, inlustris, known,
ILLUMINATE (Brighten), verb cast light upon, light, light memorable, noble, notable, noted, popular, prominent, ra-
up, lighten up, radiate, throw light upon, throw sunlight on diant, remarkable, renowned, resplendent, shining, signal,
splendid, splendidus, splendorous, sublime, talked of, time-
ILLUMINATE (Inform), verb acquaint, advise, apprise, honored, transplendent, well-known, widely known
cast light upon, clarify, clear up, convince, counsel, define,
delineate, demonstrate, disabuse, edify, elaborate, eluci- IMAGE, noun appearance, apprehension, aspect, color,
date, embellish, enlighten, enucleate, explain, expound, complexion, concept, conception, copy, counterpart, dupli-
familiarize with, give insight to, illustrate, impart, inspire, cate, embodiment, fancy, fantasy, form, guise, impression,
instill, instruct, lecture, make aware, make clear, make likeness, living picture, look, material representation, mental
explicit, notify, stimulate, unfold image, model, percept, perception, phase, phenomenon,
physiognomy, picture, portrait, presence, reflection, repro-
ILLUMINATION, noun clarification, cognition, cogni- duction, resemblance, semblance, symbol, vision
zance, comment, construction, definition, education, eluci-
dation, explanation, explication, illustration, information, IMAGINARY, adjective abstract, artificial, chimerical,
instruction, intellectual enlightenment, learning, realization, contrive, contrived, delusional, delusive, fabled, fabricated,
recognition, simplification, solution fanciful, fantasied, fantastic, feigned, fictional, fictitious, fic-
tive, hypothetical, ideal, idealized, illusory, invented,
ILLUSION (Deception), noun aberration, distortion, fal- made-up, make-believe, mythical, nonexistent, notional,
lacy, false impression, misbelief, misconception, presti- phantasmagoric, phantasmal, phantasmic, phantom, pre-
digitation tend, theoretical, unreal, whimsical

ILLUSION (Impression), noun apparition, artifice, chi- IMAGINATION, noun conceive, concept, conception,
mera, daydream, deception, delusion, dream, figment, conceptualization, creation, creative power, creativity,

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formulation, idea, illusion, image, imaginative faculty, ethereal, expers corporis, extraneous, groundless, imperti-
imaginativeness, innovativeness, inventiveness, percep- nent, inapplicable, inappreciable, inappropriate, inconse-
tion, presumption, vision quential, incorporeal, inessential, insignificant, insubstantial,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: perjury, trumped-up charges intangible, irrelevant, lightweight, meaningless, minor,
nominal, nonessential, nonphysical, not connected with,
IMAGINATIVE, adjective clever, constructive, creative, not important, not pertaining to, not pertinent, nullius mo-
ingenious, innovative, inventive, original, productive, re- menti, of little account, of no consequence, of no essential
sourceful, visionary consequence, of no importance, of no moment, of no sig-
nificance, off the point, off the topic, other wordly, out of
IMAGINE, verb apprehend, assume, believe, compose, place, out-of-the-way, outside the question, pointless, re-
conceive, conclude, conjure, conjure up, contrive, create, mote, sine corpore, spectral, trivial, unessential, unimport-
deduce, delineate, depict, devise, dream, envision, expect, ant, unrelated, unsubstantial, vaporous, without depth,
fabricate, fancy, gather, guess, ideate, improvise, infer, invent, without substance, without weight, worthless
judge, make up, opine, originate, picture, plan, presume, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: immaterial allegations, immaterial al-
pretend, profess, regard, scheme, speculate, suppose, sur- teration, immaterial averment, immaterial breach, immate-
mise, suspect, think, visualize rial facts, immaterial issues, immaterial testimony, immate-
rial variance, incompetent evidence, irrelevant evidence
IMBALANCE, noun difference, disequilibrium, disparity,
disproportion, dissimilarity, distortion, diversity, incon- IMMATERIALITY, noun inconsequence, incorporeality,
stancy, inequality, irregularity, unevenness, unjust distribu- inessentiality, insignificance, insubstantiality, insufficiency,
tion, variableness intangibility, irrelevance, irrelevancy, lack of depth, lack of
substance, lightness, meagerness, nonessentiality, other-
IMBROGLIO, noun babel, bedlam, broil, chaos, com- worldliness, paltriness, pettiness, pointlessness, shallow-
motion, complexity, complicated misunderstanding, ness, spirituality, spiritualness, thinness, triviality, unimpor-
complication, confusing situation, confusion, difficult situ- tance, unnoteworthiness, unsubstantiality, worthlessness
ation, difficulty, dilemma, disagreement, disorder, distur-
bance, embarrassing situation, embranglement, embroil- IMMATURE, adjective callow, crude, green, gullible,
ment, entanglement, fracas, impasse, intricate involvement, ignorant, inexperienced, jejune, juvenile, naive, puerile,
intricate plot, involved situation, jam, jungle, labyrinth, raw, rudimental, rudimentary, undeveloped, unfinished,
maze, melee, mess, muddle, perplexing state of affairs, unfledged, unformed, unmellowed, unprepared, unripe,
pickle, plight, predicament, quandary, riot, row, rumpus, unseasoned, unsophisticated, young, youthful
scrape, stew, stymie, tight spot, tumult, turmoil, uproar,
welter IMMEASURABLE, adjective boundless, countless, end-
less, extending forever, extensive, great, illimitable, im-
IMBUE, verb bathe, drench, fill, imbuere, implant, im- merse, indeterminate, inexhaustible, infinite, innumerable,
press upon the mind, inculcate, indoctrinate, inficere, influ- interminable, large, limitless, measureless, never-ending,
ence, infuse, inject, inspire, instill, leaven, permeate, pervade, unbounded, undeterminable, undetermined, unfathomable,
pour in, saturate, soak, tingere unlimited, untold, vast
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: immeasurable harm
IMITATE, verb adopt, be like, caricature, clone, copy,
counterfeit, duplicate, echo, emulate, fabricate, fake, fol- IMMEDIACY, noun availability, closeness, confines,
low, follow as an example, follow suit, forge, impersonate, convenience, environs, hear, immediateness, instanta-
look like, make a copy, match, mimic, mirror, model after, neousness, nearness, simultaneousness, neighborhood,
pattern after, parrot, plagiarize, portray, pose, pretend, re- now, occurrence, occurring at the present time, precinct,
flect, repeat, replicate, represent, reproduce, simulate presence, propinquity, proximity, simultaneity, vicinage,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: counterfeit, identity theft vicinity
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: statute of limitations
IMITATION, adjective artificial, bogus, burlesque, copied,
counterfeit, deceptive, dummy, effigies, ersatz, factitious, IMMEDIATE (At once), adjective flash, instant, instanta-
faked, false, feigned, imitated, imitative, make-believe, mock, neous, praesens, prompt, quick, speedy, sudden, unhesi-
phony, pretended, pseudo, quasi, sham, simulacrum, simu- tating, with reasonable dispatch, without delay
lated, spurious, substitute, synthetic, unauthentic, ungenuine
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: forgery IMMEDIATE (Imminent), adjective about to happen,
anticipated, approaching, at hand, close, close at hand,
IMMACULATE, adjective above suspicion, blameless, coming, drawing near, expected, following, foreseen, forth-
chaste, clean, faultless, flawless, impeccable, incorrupt, incul- coming, impendent, impending, in the offing, in view,
pable, innocent, irreproachable, perfect, pure, refined, looked for, momentary, near at hand, nearing, next, nigh,
sinless, spotless, spotlessly clean, unblemished, undefiled, prospective, to come, upcoming
unflawed, unimpeachable, unpolluted, unsoiled, unstained,
unsullied, untainted, untarnished, virginal, virtuous IMMEDIATE (Not distant), adjective abutting, adjacent,
adjoining, at hand, bordering, bounding, close, close at hand,
IMMANENT, adjective basic, characteristic, congenital, conjoining, conterminous, contiguous, handy, juxtaposi-
deep-rooted, elemental, fundamental, habitual, hereditary, tional, near, near by, neighboring, next to, proximate, verging
ingrained, inherited, innate, integral, intrinsic, inveterate, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: immediate beneficiaries, immediate
natural, subjective benefit, immediate cause, immediate consequences, im-
mediate control, immediate damage, immediate delivery,
IMMATERIAL, adjective baseless, beside the point, immediate irreparable harm, immediate legatees, immedi-
beside the question, bodiless, chimerical, diminutive, ate need, immediate transferor

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IMMEDIATELY (In the proximity), adverb alongside, IMMORAL, adjective amoral, arrant, bad, base, con-
around, at close quarters, at close range, close by, close to, scienceless, corrupt, criminal, debauched, degenerate, de-
closely, directly, in the area of, in the neighborhood of, in praved, dishonest, dishonorable, disreputable, dissipated,
the vicinity of, near, nearby, next door, promptly, proxi- dissolute, evil, exploitative, false, flagitious, graceless, hei-
mately, without an interval of time nous, ignoble, illaudable, illegal, illicit, improper, impure,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: proximate cause indecent, iniquitous, knavish, lacking morals, lecherous,
lewd, libidinous, licentious, male moratus, miscreant, ne-
IMMEDIATELY (Instantly), adverb at once, at the same farious, objectionable, perditus, pernicious, perverted, pet-
time, at this moment, concurrently, in a moment, in an in- tifogging, pravus, profligate, promiscuous, prurient, repro-
stant, instaneously, instantly, now, posthaste, promptly, bate, roguish, salacious, shameless, shocking, sinful,
pronto, quickly, rapidly, right away, shortly, simultane- unchaste, unconscionable, unethical, unjustifiable, unlawful,
ously, speedily, straight off, suddenly, this very moment unmoral, unprincipled, unrighteous, unscrupulous, unvirtu-
ous, unwholesome, wicked, without integrity, wrong
IMMENSE, adjective boundless, broad, bulky, capacious, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: immoral act, immoral agreement, im-
colossal, endless, enormous, exorbitant, extremely large, far- moral conduct, immoral consideration, immoral contract,
reaching, gigantic, grandiose, gross, huge, illimitable, im- obscenity
measurable, innumerable, mammoth, massive, monumental, FOREIGN PHRASES: Ex turpi causa non oritur actio. No cause
mountainous, myriad, outrageous, prodigious, stupendous, of action arises out of an immoral or illegal consideration.
titanic, tremendous, vast
IMMORALITY, noun atrocity, bad repute, carnality,
IMMERSE (Engross), verb absorb, attend, be attentive, concupiscence, contamination, corruption, criminality, de-
bury, engage, enthrall, fascinate, grip, hold, hold spell- linquency, demoralization, depravity, dissoluteness, evil,
bound, interest, involve, monopolize, occupy, overwhelm, indecency, iniquity, knavery, lechery, lewdness, licentious-
preoccupy, submerge, take up ness, loose morals, misdoing, obscenity, perversion, profli-
gacy, salacity, sexual promiscuity, sin, turpitude, vice,
IMMERSE (Plunge into), verb bathe, cover with water, wantonness, wickedness, wrong
deluge, dip, douse, drench, drown, duck, dunk, engulf, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: adultery, bribery, criminal conversa-
flood, insert, inundate, place under a liquid, plunge into tion, immoral conduct, immoral contracts, lewdness
a liquid, put under water, send to the bottom, sink, soak,
souse, steep, submerge, submerse, swamp, thrust under IMMORTAL, adjective always, canonizing, commemo-
rating, continuity, continuous, endless, endlessness, eter-
IMMIGRANT, noun alien, expatriate, foreigner, incomer, nal, everlasting, forever, imperishable, indestructible, last-
migrant, naturalized citizen, newcomer, resident alien, settler ing, never dying, permanent, perennial, undying, unfading
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: immigration law
IMMORTALITY (Deathlessness), noun athanasy, canon-
IMMIGRATION, noun admission of foreigners, adven- ization, commemoration, continuity, deathlessness, endless
tus, change of national location, colonization, entry of life, endlessness, eternal continuance, eternity, everlasting-
aliens, establishment of foreign residence, expatriation, ness, imperishability, indestructibility, infinity, perpetua-
foreign influx, incoming population, ingress, migration, tion, perpetuity, undying repute, unlimited existence
movement of population, transmigration
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: issuance of visas, passports IMMORTALITY (Distinction), noun commemoration,
enshrinement, immortal name, imperishability, lasting fame
IMMINENT, adjective about to be, about to happen,
alarming, approaching, at hand, brewing, closing in, coming, IMMOVABLE, noun affixed property, fixed assets, fixed
destined, drawing near, expected, following, forecasted, chattel, fixed property, fixture, immobilis, immotus, land,
forthcoming, future, imminere, impendent, impendere, im- property permanently affixed to the realty, real estate, real
pending, in store, in the offing, in the wind, in view, instant, property, stabilis
likely to happen, looming, menacing, minatorial, minatory,
near, near at hand, nearing, next, ominous, on the way, on- IMMUNE, adjective absolved, armored, clear, excused,
coming, overhanging, portentous, praesens, predicted, pro- exempt, free, granted amnesty, immunis, immunized, im-
spective, threatening, threatening harm, upcoming pregnable, inaccessible, inexpugnable, inviolable, invulnera-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: imminent danger, imminent irrepara- ble, not accountable, not answerable, not liable, not responsi-
ble harm, imminent peril ble, not subject, possessed of immunity, privileged, protected,
released, safe, screened, sheltered, shielded, spared, unac-
IMMOBILIZE, adjective fixed, have no freedom, have countable, unaffected by, unanswerable, unassailable, unat-
no mobility, immovable, impassive, inactive, inexpressive, tackable, under shelter, unencumbered, unexposed, unliable,
inflexible, like a statue, motionless, paralyzed, rigid, riv- unpunishable, unrestrained, unrestricted, unsubject, unsuscep-
eted, rooted, stationary, staunch, steadfast, still, transfixed, tible, unthreatened, untouchable, untouched, without risk
unmoving ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: immune from prosecution

IMMODERATE, adjective exaggerated, excessive, ex- IMMUNITY, noun absolution, acquittal, charter, com-
orbitant, extravagant, extreme, inordinate, intemperate, mutation, discharge, exception, exculpation, exemption,
not balanced, not fair, overblown, preposterous, self- exemption from punishment, franchise, freedom, freedom
indulgent, squandering, unbalanced, unconscionable, from exemption, freedom from obligation, freedom from
uncontrolled, uncurbed, unlimited, unreasonable, unre- prosecution, immunitas, liberation, liberty, license, nonlia-
strained, unwarranted bility, privilege, protection, release, release from charge,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: immoderate punishment, immoder- release from duty, relief, reprieve, respite, safety from
ate use prosecution, special privilege, vacatio

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ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: absolute immunity, complete immu- power, desecrate, devalue, dilapidate, diminish, diminish in
nity, derivative immunity, full transactional immunity, full quality, dissipate, disturb, dull, enervate, enfeeble, erode,
waiver, governmental immunity, immunity from arrest, im- frangere, harm, hinder, hurt, imminuere, injure, lessen in
munity from prosecution, immunity from service of pro- power, lessen in value, make inroads on, make worse, mar,
cess, limited immunity, limited waiver, partial immunity, obtund, paralyze, pollute, put out of commission, reduce,
privileges and immunities, qualified immunity, state im- relax, render feeble, ruin, sap, stifle, taint, undermine, un-
munity, transactional immunity, use and derivative immu- hinge, waste, weaken, wear out, worsen
nity, use immunity, waiver of immunity ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: impairing the obligation of contracts,
impairment of capital, impairment of good will, impair-
IMMUNIZE, verb counterbalance, countervail, free, ment of memory, impairment of powers, impairment of
grant immunity, guard against, inoculate, make safe, neu- security
tralize, not affected by, offset, preserve, privileged, protect,
resist, safeguard, shield, shield from damage, shield from IMPAIRED CONDITION, noun atrophy, caducity, col-
danger, shield from injury, unsusceptible to, vaccinate lapse, corrosion, damage, decadence, decadency, decay,
against decrepitude, degeneration, deterioration, detriment, di-
lapidation, disrepair, fault, impairment, impediment, injury,
IMMURE, verb cast into prison, commit to an institu- lack of maintenance, neglect, ruination, weakness, wear
tion, commit to prison, confine, constrain, detain, encage, and tear
enclose, enclose within walls, entomb, gate, hold, hold ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: driving while impaired, impairing the
captive, hold in captivity, hold in check, hold within rights of contract
bounds, impound, imprison, incarcerate, includere, isolate,
keep in, keep in captivity, keep in check, keep in custody, IMPAIRMENT (Damage), noun detriment, disrepair,
keep in detention, keep prisoner, keep under arrest, keep harm, hurt, injury, loss
within bounds, lay under restraint, lead into captivity, lock ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: impairment of vision
in, lock up, make captive, put under arrest, quarantine, re-
strain, seal up, seclude, send to prison, shelter, shut up, IMPAIRMENT (Disability), noun affliction, ailment, de-
take captive, take into custody, throw into prison, wall up bilitation, debility, deterioration, disablement, disorder,
disqualification, feebleness, frailty, handicap, helplessness,
IMMUTABLE, adjective adamant, ageless, confirmed, illness, impairment, impotence, impotency, inability, in-
constans, constant, continual, continuous, durable, eternal, ability to work, inadequacy, incapability, incapacitation,
firm, fixed, immovable, immutabilis, implacable, incontro- incapacity, incompetence, incompetency, indisposition,
vertible, indestructible, inexorable, inflexible, intractable, ineffectiveness, ineffectuality, ineffectualness, inefficacy,
invariable, irremovable, irrevocable, never changing, never inefficiency, infirmity, insufficiency, malady, powerless-
varying, nonelastic, not to be changed, not to be moved, ness, sickness, unfitness, unsoundness, weakness
obstinate, perennial, permanent, perpetual, persistent, re- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: complete disability, continuous dis-
lentless, riveted, rooted, settled, stabilis, static, steadfast, ability, disability benefits, disability compensation, disability
steady, stiff, unaging, unalterable, unbending, unchange- insurance, general disability, medical disability, mental dis-
able, unchanging, uncompromising, undeviating, undying, ability, partial disability, proof of disability, temporary dis-
unending, unmalleable, unpliable, unrelenting, untractable, ability, total disability
unyielding, vested
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: immutable principle of law IMPAIRMENT (Drawback), noun detriment, disadvan-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Nomina sunt mutabilia, res autem im- tage, inability, liability, limitation
mobiles. Names are mutable, but things are immutable. ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: impairment of funds, impairment of
security
IMPACT (Effect), noun aftermath, bearing, cogency,
concern, conclusion, consequence, deduction, full effect, IMPALPABILITY, noun abstraction, bodilessness, flimsi-
germaneness, import, interest, materiality, meaning, out- ness, immateriality, immaterialness, imperceptibility, inap-
come, outgrowth, pertinency, preference, reaction, rele- preciability, incorporality, incorporealism, incorporeality,
vance, repercussion, result, reverberation, upshot, value incorporeity, insubstantiality, intangibility, lack of sub-
stance, unconcreteness, unsolidity, unsubstantialness
IMPACT (Importance), noun consequence, end result,
force, gravity, greatness, import, magnitude, mark, merit, IMPALPABLE, adjective attenuated, barely seen, con-
meaning, moment, net result, noted value, portent, pro- cealed, covered, covert, delicate, difficult to feel, difficult to
nounced impression, reaction, result, significance, significa- perceive, difficult to see, doubtable, dubitable, equivocal, fine,
tion, substance, value, weightiness hidden, immateriate, imperceptible, inappreciable, inappre-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: impact from a landmark decision of the hensible, incapable of being perceived, inconspicuous, incor-
court poreal, indefinite, indistinct, infinitesimal, intangible, invisible,
little, microscopic, minute, nonmaterial, not manifest, not
IMPACT, verb compress, cram, crowd, drive, drive readily discerned, obscure, quod tangi non potest, screened,
firmly in, fill, fill to capacity, force, force together, hammer shaded, shadowy, shrouded, slight, small, subtle, tiny, unap-
in, inject, insert, jam, load, overburden, overcrowd, over- parent, unclear, undiscernable, unevident, unexplicit, unno-
load, pack, pack close, pack in, pack together, press, press ticeable, unobservable, unobvious, unpatent, unperceivable,
together, push, push together, ram, shove, squeeze, strike, unplain, unpronounced, unreal, unrecognizable, unrevealed,
thrust in, wedge unsubstantial, untouchable, vague, veiled, very fine

IMPAIR, verb adulterate, affect injuriously, blight, blunt, IMPANEL, verb catalog, enter, enumerate, itemize, list,
contaminate, cripple, crumble, damage, debilitare, debili- record, register, schedule
tate, decrease in excellence, demolish, deplete, deprive of ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: impanel a jury

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IMPART, verb accord, acquaint, advise, apprise, be in- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: impeach a government official, im-
discreet, bestow, brief, communicare, communicate, confer, peach a witness
confide, convey, deliver, disclose, dispense, educate,
endow, enlighten, enrich, favor with, impertire, inform, in- IMPEACHABILITY, noun blame, blameworthiness,
struct, issue, make known, mention, point out, present, censurability, chargeability, culpability, discredit, dishonor,
provide, relate, reveal, teach, tell, transfer, transmit disrepute, grave culpability, guiltiness, liability, peccability

IMPARTIAL, adjective aequabilis, aequus, broad- IMPEACHMENT, noun accusal, accusatio, accusation,
minded, detached, disinterested, dispassionate, equitable, act of discrediting, admonition, animadversion, arraign-
even, evenhanded, evenly balanced, fair, fair-minded, free ment, attack, blame, castigation, censure, challenge, charge,
from bias, free to choose, honest, honorable, impersonal, complaint, condemnation, countercharge, criminal pro-
incorrupt, incorruptus, independent, indifferent, integer, ceeding, crimination, criticism, denigration, denouncement,
judicious, just, lacking prejudice, neutral, nonpartisan, not denunciation, disapproval, discommendation, exposure,
biased, not partial, objective, open, open-minded, reason- hostile criticism, imputation of dereliction, imputation of
able, scrupulous, unaffected, unbiased, unbigoted, un- fault, indictment, questioning integrity, questioning wit-
bought, unbribed, uncolored, uncommitted, uncompelled, ness’s veracity, rebuke, reprimand, reproach, reproof, vilifi-
uncorrupt, uncorrupted, undecided, uninfluenced, unjaun- cation
diced, unopinionated, unopinioned, unprejudiced, unpre- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: articles of impeachment, character evi-
possessed, unswayed, untouched, without a preference, dence, collateral impeachment, impeachment of a govern-
without favoritism mental officer, impeachment of a verdict, impeachment of
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: fair and impartial, impartial hearing of- a witness, impeachment of credibility, moral terpitude,
ficer, impartial judge, impartial jury, impartial trial prior inconsistent statement, reputation evidence
FOREIGN PHRASES: Nemo potest esse simul actor et judex.
No one can be at the same time judge and suitor. Judex IMPECCABLE, adjective above reproach, absolutely
non potest injuriam sibi datam punire. A judge cannot ravishing, absolutely the finest, beautiful, complete, delight-
punish a wrong done to himself. Judex non potest esse ful, excellent, exemplary, faultless, finished, flawless, glori-
testis in propria causa. A judge cannot be a witness in his ous, ideal, immaculate, incredible, irreproachable, perfect,
own case. refined, spotless, stylish, superb, unblemished, virtuous

IMPASSE, noun abruption, bar, block, blockade, block- IMPECUNIOUS, adjective bankrupt, beggared, beg-
age, cessation, check, complete standstill, complexity, garly, broke, cleaned out, destitute, distressed, embar-
dead end, dead stop, deadlock, desistance, deterrence, dif- rassed, flat, flat broke, hard up, impoverished, in need, in
ficulty, dilemma, discontinuance, discontinuance of activity, straitened circumstances, in the red, in want, indigent, in-
discontinuation, end, halt, hopelessness, impediment, im- solvent, necessitous, needy, not well off, out of money,
possibility, impossible task, inextricability, insoluble differ- pauperized, penniless, penurious, pinched, poor, poorly
ence, insuperability, insuperable obstacle, nonresumption, off, poverty-stricken, short, short of cash, short of funds,
obstacle, obstruction, perplexity, preclusion, predicament, short of money, strapped, unable to make ends meet, un-
problem, quagmire, quandary, stalemate, stall, standstill, moneyed, unprosperous, without funds, without money
state of inaction, state of no progress, stop
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: impasse in negotiations IMPEDE, verb annul, arrest, barricade, be a drag on, be
an obstacle to, be in the way, block, blockade, bolt, bother,
IMPASSION, verb affect, agitate, arouse the emotions, brake, bring to a standstill, burden, cause to delay, check,
electrify, encourage, enkindle, excite, incite, infect, inspire, circumscribe, confine, cramp, cumber, curb, dam up, dead-
kindle, move, provoke, rouse, spirit, spur, stir, stir the feel- lock, decelerate, delay, detain, deter, disable, drag, embar-
ings, stir up rass, encumber, erect a barrier, estop, fetter, foreclose,
frustrate, hamper, handicap, hinder, hold back, hold in
IMPATIENCE, adjective agitation, anger, annoyance, check, hold up, impair, impedire, incommode, inconve-
anxiety, disquiet, eager, excitable, excited, have a short nience, inhibit, interfere, interrupt, keep back, keep in
temper, hotheadedness, in impetuosity, intolerance, irasci- check, limit, load, mar, obstruct, paralyze, postpone, pre-
bility, nervousness, possess a quick temper, prickly, quick- clude, press, prevent, quell, restrain, restrict, retard, set
tempered, short, snappish one back, shackle, slacken, slow down, stalemate, stand in
the way, stay, stop, stop in progress by hindrances, suffo-
IMPEACH, verb accusare, accuse, accuse of maladmin- cate, suspend, thwart, trammel, turn aside
istration, accuse of misconduct, admonish, animadvert, at- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: impede negotiations
tack, attaint, blame, bring a charge, bring charges, bring FOREIGN PHRASES: Ubi aliquid impeditur propter unum, eo
into discredit, bring to account, bring to justice, bring up for remoto, tollitur impedimentum. Where anything is im-
investigation, call in question, call to account, cast an impu- peded by one single cause, with the removal of it, the im-
tation upon, cast blame upon, castigate, censure, chal- pediment is removed.
lenge, challenge the credibility of, charge, charge to,
charge with, complain against, condemn, confute, criticize, IMPEDIMENT, noun bar, barrier, block, blockade, block-
declaim against, decry, denigrate, denounce, denunciate, age, brake, burden, censorship, check, clog, complication,
disapprove, discredit, disparage, dispute, expose, fault, file constraint, counteraction, damper, delay, deterrent, deter-
a claim, find an indictment against, hold at fault, implicate, rence, difficulty, disability, disadvantage, discouragement,
impugn, impute fault to, inculpate, incur blame, indict, in- drawback, encumbrance, estoppel, fetter, frustration, ham-
dict for maladministration, prefer a claim, prefer charges, per, hampering, handicap, hindrance, holdback, impedi-
put on trial, put the blame on, rebuff, recriminate, repri- mentum, impasse, imposition, inconvenience, inhibition,
mand, reproach, reprove, ridicule, take to account, up- interference, interruption, limitation, load, objection, ob-
braid, vituperate stacle, obstruction, obtrusion, opposition, preclusion,

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predicament, prevention, prohibition, resistance, restraint, decrepit, defective, deficient, deteriorated, disfigured, fail-
restriction, retardation, retardment, setback, shackle, snag, ing, fair, faulty, feeble, flawed, fragmentary, frail, garbled,
stop, stoppage, stumbling block, trammel harmed, hurt, impaired, imperfectus, inadequate, incom-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: absolute impediment, detrimental plete, indifferent, inelegant, inexact, inferior, infirm, in-
impediment, impediment to a legal remedy, legal impedi- jured, insufficient, lacking, lame, limited, marred, medio-
ment, prohibitive impediments, relative impediments cre, middling, moderate, mutilated, ordinary, out of order,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Non valet impedimentum quod de jure partial, passable, peccable, poor, raw, rickety, rough, ru-
non sortitur effectum. An impediment which has no ef- ined, scanty, short, tainted, tolerable, uncompleted, uncul-
fect in law is of no force. Remoto impedimento, emergit tured, undeveloped, unfinished, unpolished, unsatisfactory,
actio. The impediment being removed, the action comes unsound, unsuitable, wanting, warped, weak
to life. ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: imperfect description, imperfect grant,
imperfect performance, imperfect title
IMPEDITIVE, adjective burdensome, conditional, cum-
brous, deterrent, difficult, hindering, inhibitive, inhibitory, IMPERFECTION, noun blemish, defect, defectiveness,
labyrinthine, limitative, limiting, onerous, preclusive, pre- deficiency, deformity, disfigurement, drawback, error, fail-
ventive, prohibitive, proscriptive, repressive, restrictive, ing, fault, faultiness, flaw, foible, frailty, imperfectness, in-
suppressive adequacy, incompleteness, infirmity, liability, limitation,
malformation, misdeed, offense, omission, shortcoming,
IMPEL, verb actuate, agitate, arouse, catapult, cause, taint, transgression, vice, weak point, weakness
drive forward, drive onward, encourage, fling, give an impe- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: allergic user
tus, heave, hurl, impart momentum, impart motion, incitare,
incite, incite to action, induce, instigate, jaculate, launch, IMPERIAL, adjective arbitrary, august, authoritarian,
mobilize, motivate, move forward, precipitate, press on, authoritative, chief, commanding, despotic, dictatorial,
prod, project, prompt, propel, push, put in motion, rouse, dogmatic, dominant, domineering, grand, imperatorial,
send headlong, set going, set in motion, set moving, shove, imperious, imposing, kinglike, kingly, lofty, lordly, magiste-
spur, start, stimulate, throw, urge, urge forward, urgere rial, magnificent, majestic, mandating, masterful, monar-
chal, paramount, peremptory, predominant, preeminent,
IMPEND, verb approach, be at hand, be forthcoming, princely, regal, royal, ruling, sovereign, splendid, stately,
be imminent, be in store, be near, be near at hand, draw supreme, tyrannical
near, imminere, impendere, loom, menace, promise ill, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: imperial law
threaten
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: impending danger, impending death, IMPERIL, verb compromise, endanger, expose, expose
impending peril to danger, hazard, jeopardize, put in danger, put in peril,
risk, stake
IMPENDING, adjective about to happen, approaching,
brewing, close, forthcoming, future, hanging, immediate, IMPERIOUS, adjective arbitrary, assertive, authorita-
inevitable, in prospect, instant, in the offing, looming, near tive, autocratic, bumptious, commanding, compelling,
at hand, necessary, oncoming, pending, projecting, pro- critical, despotic, dictatorial, dogmatic, domineering,
spective, proximate, suspended, threatening, unavoidable haughty, heavy-handed, high-and-mighty, high-handed,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: impending indictment imperative, overbearing, peremptory, powerful, requisite,
tyrannical
IMPENETRABLE, adjective adamantine, closed, com- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: imperious law
plex, crass, difficult, dull, enigmatic, hidden, impassable,
impermeable, imperviable, impervious, inaccessible, inap- IMPERMEABLE, adjective airtight, close, compact,
prehensible, incomprehensible, indefinable, inexplicable, dense, hermetic, impassable, impenetrable, impervious,
inexpressive, inexpugnable, insoluble, insurmountable, imporous, incompressible, nonporous, shut, solid, unpen-
mysterious, obscure, obtuse, opaque, past comprehension, etrable, unpierced
pathless, recondite, shut, snug, solid, stolid, tight, unfath-
omable, unopened, unreachable, untrodden IMPERMISSIBLE, adjective actionable, against the law,
banned, black-market, contraband, contrary to law, crimi-
IMPERATIVE, adjective compulsory, critical, crucial, nal, disallowed, disapproved, felonious, forbidden, illegal,
demanding, essential, exigent, impero, indispensable, illegitimate, illicit, iniquitous, irregular, nonlegal, objection-
mandatory, necessary, needful, obligatory, pressing, re- able, out of bounds, outlawed, outside the law, prohibited,
quired, requiring immediate attention, requisite, unavoid- proscribed, punishable, unallowable, unauthorized, unchar-
able, urgent tered, unconstitutional, under ban, unentitled, unlawful,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: imperative power, imperative statute, unlicensed, unsanctioned, vetoed, wicked, wrong, wrong-
imperative trust ful
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: impermissible grounds for divorce
IMPERCEPTIBLE, adjective blurred, concealed, dim,
enshrouded, faint, hazy, hidden, ill-defined, impalpable, IMPERSONAL (Dispassionate), adjective candid, cold,
inappreciable, inaudible, indiscernible, indistinct, inscruta- cold-blooded, detached, disinterested, dispassionate, frigid,
ble, intangible, invisible, minuscule, minute, nebulous, ob- general, impartial, indefinite, insensible, neuter, nonsubjec-
scure, scant, screened, shadowy, unapparent, unapprecia- tive, objective, passionless, undetermined, unfeeling, un-
ble, undiscernible, unnoticeable, unseeable, unseen, vague, forthcoming, unjaundiced, unselfish, unspecified, without
veiled, very slight, very subtle warmth

IMPERFECT, adjective abortive, average, bad, below IMPERSONAL (Unbiased), adjective uninfluenced,
par, blemished, broken, corrupt, crippled, crude, damaged, unprejudiced, unswayed

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IMPERSONATE, verb act a part, act out, act the part of, IMPETUS, noun actuation, boost, call, drive, encour-
ape, assume a character, copy, double for, dress as, enact, agement, energy, force, goad, impellent, impelling force,
hominem imitari, imitate, masquerade as, mime, mimic, impulse, impulsion, incentive, influence, instigation, jog,
mirror, parrot, partes hominis agere, pass for, personate, jolt, kick, momentum, motive, moving force, pressure,
personify, portray, pose as, pretend to be, represent, rep- propellant, propulsion, propulsive force, purpose, push,
resent oneself to be, take the part of reason, shove, spur, start, stimulus, thrust, urge, vis
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: fraud, impersonation of a governmen-
tal officer IMPIETY, noun apostasy, backsliding, desecration, dis-
regard, disrespect, iniquity, irreligion, irreverence, maledic-
IMPERTINENT (Insolent), adjective abusive, arrogant, tion, noncomformity, offense, profaneness, profanity, recu-
assuming, audacious, bellicose, bold, brash, brazen, cava- sancy, reprobation, sacrilege, sacrilegiousness, sinfulness,
lier, churlish, coarse, contempt, contemptuous, contuma- transgression, undutifulness, unrighteousness, unspiritual-
cious, contumelious, defiant, derisive, discourteous, dis- ity, violation, wickedness
dainful, disrespectful, flippant, forward, fresh, haughty,
hostile, ill-mannered, impolite, improper, impudent, inso- IMPINGE, verb advance upon, aggress, attack, bang,
lens, insubordinate, insulting, intrusive, irreverent, malap- barge in, break bounds, break in on, bump, butt against,
ert, offensive, pert, presumptuous, procacious, provoca- collide, come into collision, contact, dash against, en-
tive, rebellious, rough, rude, saucy, scoffing, shameless, croach, entrench on, fall against, foray, force oneself in, hit,
surly, unabashed, uncivil, uncouth, ungracious, unman- impingi, impose, incidere, infringe, interlope, intrude, in-
nerly, unpolished, unrefined, vulgar vade, knock, knock against, make impact, make inroads,
obtrude, overrun, overstep, overstep boundaries, pommel,
IMPERTINENT (Irrelevant), adjective alien, beside the raid, run into, strike, tap, thrust, touch, transgress estab-
mark, beside the point, beside the question, disconnected, lished bounds, trench upon, trespass, violate
extraneous, gratuitous, immaterial, inadmissible, inapplica-
ble, inapposite, inappropriate, inapropos, incidental, incon- IMPIOUS, adjective amoral, blasphemous, desecrative,
gruous, inconsequent, independent, irrelative, malapropos, diabolic, heretical, immoral, iniquitous, irreligious, irrever-
off the subject, out of place, quod nihil ad rem est, remote, ent, nefarious, offensive, peccant, perverted, profane, recu-
separate, unallied, unapt, unconnected, unrelated, without sant, reprobate, sacrilegious, satanic, sinful, sinister, unde-
connection vout, undutiful, unethical, ungodly, unrighteous
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: impertinent questioning FOREIGN PHRASES: Impius et crudelis judicandus est qui
libertati non favet. He is judged to be impious and cruel
IMPERTURBABLE, adjective callous, calm, cold-blooded, who does not favor liberty.
collected, composed, cool, dispassionate, even-tempered,
impassive, impervious, inexcitable, inexpressive, inured, lev- IMPLACABLE, adjective adamant, immovable, implaca-
elheaded, nonchalant, patient, peaceable, philosophical, bilis, inexorabilis, inexorable, inexpiable, inflexible, intransi-
placid, resolute, sedate, serene, stable, steady, stoic, tranquil, gent, irreconcilable, obdurate, obstinate, pitiless, relentless,
unflappable, unmoved, unruffled, unworried, unworrying unappeasable, unbending, uncompromising, unforgiving,
unpacifiable, unpropitiating, unrelenting, unyielding, vindic-
IMPERVIOUS, adjective adrogans, airtight, blind to, tive
blocked, buffered, callous, closed, deaf to, dense, de-
tached, hard, hard to convince, hardened, hermetic, im- IMPLANTED, adjective deep-rooted, deep-seated, em-
passable, impassive, impeditus, impenetrabilis, impenetra- bedded, engraved, entrenched, established, etched, im-
ble, imperforate, imperiosus, impermeable, impersuadable, pressed, inculcated, indoctrinated, ingrained, injected,
impersuasible, imperturbable, imperviable, impervious, well-established, well-founded
imporous, inaccessible, incapable of being affected, inca-
pable of being impaired, incapable of being influenced, IMPLAUSIBLE, adjective beyond belief, contrary to ex-
incapable of being injured, indifferent, indurate, indu- perience, doubtable, doubtful, dubitable, hard to believe,
rated, insensate, insensitive, inured, invious, locked, not hardly possible, improbable, inconceivable, incredible,
permitting passage, not permitting penetration, obstinate, open to doubt, open to suspicion, questionable, suspicious,
obstructed, obtuse, opaque, pachydermatous, pathless, unbelievable, unconvincing, unheard of, unimaginable, un-
protected, safe, sealed, seared, shielded, shut, steeled, likely, unsubstantiated, untenable, unthinkable
stubborn, thick, thick-skinned, tight, unaffected, unamena-
ble, uninfluenceable, uninfluenced, unmovable, unmoved, IMPLEAD, verb add as a third party, bring in as a third
unnavigable, unopened, unpassable, unperforated, un- party, commence proceedings against a third party, in ius
pierceable, unreachable, unreceptive, unresponsive, un- vocare, institute an action against a third party, join as a
swayable, unventilated, unyielding, waterproof, watertight third party, make one a third party, plead a cause against a
third party, sue a third party
IMPETUOUS, adjective abrupt, capricious, careless, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: counterclaim, crossclaim, third-party
changeable, dashing, disordered, emotional, excitable, defendant, third-party plaintiff, third-party practice
fervid, fickle, foolhardy, hasty, headstrong, heedless, hot-
blooded, hotheaded, ill-conceived, impatient, impulsive, IMPLEMENT, verb accomplish, achieve, actualize, bring
incautious, intense, mercurial, overhasty, overzealous, pre- about, bring off, bring to pass, carry into effect, carry into
cipitate, quick, rash, reckless, slapdash, spirited, spontane- execution, carry out, carry through, complete, consum-
ous, spur-of-the-moment, stormy, stubborn, sudden, swift, mate, discharge, do, effect, effectuate, enact, enforce, ex-
thoughtless, uncontrollable, uncontrolled, unexpected, un- ecute, fulfill, give force to, give validity to, make a reality,
governable, ungoverned, unstable, vehement, volatile, make active, make valid, perform, provide the means, put
zealous in force, put in practice, put into effect, realize, see
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: impetuous employee through, set in motion, succeed, take action, work out

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ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: implement the agreement of the par- IMPLY, verb advert, allude to, carry a suggestion, con-
ties, implement the order of the court note, denote, drop a hint, give a hint, give indirect informa-
tion, hint at, include by implication, indicare, indicate,
IMPLEMENTATION, noun accomplishment, achieve- indirectly state, infer, insinuate, intimate, involve, leave an
ment, act, action, attainment, commission, consummation, inference, make an allusion to, point to, show indirectly,
course, discharge, effectuation, enforcement, execution, significare, state in nonexplicit terms, suggest, whisper
fait accompli, finality, fruition, fulfillment, instrumentation, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: implied acceptance, implied agency,
means, mechanism, method, performance, procedures, implied authority, implied consent, implied contract, im-
production, realization, result, rules, upshot plied dedication, implied easement, implied in law, implied
knowledge, implied license, implied malice, implied no-
IMPLICATE, verb accuse, admiscere, allege to be guilty, tice, implied permission, implied power, implied promise,
associate, brand, bring into connection with, charge, con- implied ratification, implied trust, implied warranty
nect, criminate, delate, denounce, draw in, embroil, en- FOREIGN PHRASES: In omnibus contractibus, sive nominatis
gage, enmesh, entangle, expose, hold responsible, impli- sive innominatis, permutatio continetur. In all contracts,
care, impute, include, incriminate, inculpate, infer, inform whether nominate or innominate, there is implied an ex-
against, inligare, interlace, intertwine, involve, link, lodge a change. Expressio eorum quae tacite insunt nihil opera-
complaint, make a party to, point to, suggest, tangle tur. The expression of those things which are tacitly implied
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: implicate a codefendant, implicate an has no effect.
accomplice, implicate in a crime
IMPOLITIC, adjective careless, foolish, harebrained,
IMPLICATION (Incriminating involvement), noun com- hasty, headlong, heedless, ill-advised, ill-considered,
plicity, connection, crimination, culpability, enmeshment, ill-judged, imprudens, imprudent, inadvisable, incautious,
entanglement, inculpation, link inconsiderate, inconsultus, indiscreet, inexpedient, injudi-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: implication of a codefendant cious, rash, reckless, senseless, stupid, temerarious,
thoughtless, undiplomatic, unreasonable, unsensible, un-
IMPLICATION (Inference), noun allusion, broad mean- sound, untactful, unthinking, unwary, unwise
ing, coloring, connotation, hidden meaning, hint, import,
indication, innuendo, insinuation, intimation, overtone, IMPONDERABLE, adjective immaterial, immateriate,
signification, suggested meaning, suggestion, tacit infer- impalpable, imponderous, impossible to calculate, impos-
ence sible to measure, impossible to weigh, incalculable, inca-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: easement by implication, gift by impli- pable of being evaluated, incomputable, inestimable, intan-
cation, grant by implication, necessary implication gible, subtile, unsubstantial, unweighable, vague
FOREIGN PHRASES: Omissio eorum quae tacite insunt nihil
operatur. The omission of those things which are tacitly IMPORT, noun connotation, consequence, drift, es-
expressed is unimportant. sence, gist, gravity, idea, importance, matter, meaning,
meaningfulness, moment, pith, point, purport, sense, seri-
IMPLICATIVE, adjective allusive, assumed, circumstan- ousness, significance, significatio, signification, substance,
tial, hinting, implicational, implicatory, incriminatory, incul- sum, tenor, vis, weight, weightiness
patory, indicative, inferential, inferring, leading, presumed,
provocative, provoking, referential, suggestive, supposed IMPORTANCE, noun concern, concernment, conse-
quence, distinction, eminence, emphasis, essentiality, fame,
IMPLICIT, adjective absolute, allusive, basic, implied, grandeur, gravity, greatness, import, influence, irreplace-
implied rather than expressly stated, inherent, innate, in- ability, magnitude, mark, materiality, materialness, memora-
trinsic, not declared openly, not expressed, not plainly ap- bility, memorableness, merit, moment, momentousness,
parent, suggested, suggestive, tacit, tacitus, understood, momentum, notability, note, noteworthiness, outstanding
unexpressed, unpronounced, unsaid, unspoken, unvoiced quality, paramountcy, pondus, precedence, prestige, pri-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: implicit in the facts of a case, implicit macy, priority, prominence, relevance, repute, salience, se-
powers riousness, significance, solemnity, substance, substantiality,
superiority, supremacy, urgency, usefulness, value, vis,
IMPLIED, adjective alluded to, allusive, assumed, con- weight, weightiness
noted, expressed indirectly, implicit, indicated, inferential,
inferred, insinuated, meant, signified, suggested, tacit, un- IMPORTANT (Significant), adjective big, capital, chief,
declared, understood, unspoken commanding, consequential, considerable, crucial, digni-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: implied acceptance, implied acquies- fied, distinguished, esteemed, famous, far-reaching, first,
cence, implied admission, implied agency, implied agree- foremost, formidable, grand, grave, gravis, high-level, il-
ment, implied authority, implied contract, implied cove- lustrious, imposing, impressive, influential, leading, mag-
nant, implied dedication, implied malice, implied notice, nus, main, majestic, major, marked, material, mattering
implied powers, implied promise, implied ratification, im- much, memorable, mighty, momentous, notable, notewor-
plied trust, implied warranty thy, of great consequence, of great magnitude, of great
weight, of high standing, of high station, of importance,
IMPLODE, verb bankrupt, blow up, cave, cave in, close, outstanding, overshadowing, paramount, portentous, pow-
collapse, deflate, decommissioned, disintegrate, disman- erful, preeminent, primary, prime, principal, prominent,
tled, end, ended abruptly, fold, fold up, terminate relevant, remarkable, salient, serious, signal, solemn, sub-
stantial, superior, supreme, valuable, weighty, well-known
IMPLORE, verb appeal to, beseech, besiege, call, call
upon, entreat, evoke, exhort, importune, invoke, obse- IMPORTANT (Urgent), adjective acute, called for,
crate, obtest, petition, plead, pray, press, pressure, re- clamant, clamorous, cogent, compelling, critical, crucial,
quest, solicit, solicitate, supplicate, urge crying, demanding attention, driving, essential, exigent,

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high-priority, impelling, imperative, importunate, in de- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS:frustration of purpose, impossibility of

mand, indispensable, inescapable, instant, necessary, performance, legal impossibility, rescission, supervening
necessitous, needed, prerequisite, pressing, requested, impossibility
required, requisite, unavoidable, vital, wanted FOREIGN PHRASES: Lex non intendit aliquid impossibile.
The law does not intend anything impossible. Lex non
IMPORTUNE, verb adjure, appeal, apply to, ask ur- cogit ad impossibilia. The law does not require the
gently, badger, beg, beseech, beset, besiege, bother, ca- performance of the impossible. Impotentia excusat
jole, call upon, clamor for, coax, cry to, demand, dun, legem. The impossibility of performing a legal duty ex-
entreat persistently, fatigare, harass, hound, impetrate, cuses from the performance. A l’impossible nul n’est
implore, insist, inveigle, make bold to ask, nag, obsecrate, tenu. No one is bound to do what is impossible.
obtest, pester, petition, plague, plead, ply, pray, press, Argumentum ab impossibili valet in lege. The argu-
press by entreaty, push, rem hominem flagitare, request, ment from impossibility is of great force in law.
requisition, solicit, solicit earnestly, solicit insistently, sue, Impossibilium nulla obligatio est. One cannot be
supplicate, urge obliged to perform impossible tasks.

IMPOSE (Enforce), verb bid, bind, burden, charge, co- IMPOSSIBLE, adjective absurd, contrary to reason,
erce, command, compel, conscript, constrain, decree, de- hopeless, impassable, impracticable, improbable, inacces-
mand, dictate, direct, drive, enact, encumber, enjoin, exact, sible, incapable of being done, incapable of existing, inca-
execute, extort, force upon, impel, imponere, iniungere, in- pable of happening, inconceivable, incredible, infeasible,
sist upon, lay upon, leave no option, make, make obligatory, innavigable, insuperable, insurmountable, nullo modo fieri
necessitate, oblige, obtain by force, ordain, order, prescribe, potest, out of the question, paradoxical, preposterous,
press, put in force, require, require compliance, tax quod fieri non potest, self-contradictory, unachievable, un-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: impose by law attainable, unbelievable, unfeasible, unimaginable, unlikely,
unmanageable, unobtainable, unreasonable, unthinkable,
IMPOSE (Intrude), verb encroach, enter unlawfully, en- unworkable, unyielding, visionary
trench, force an entrance, force oneself in, impose, infringe,
insinuate, intercede, interfere, interlope, interpose, inter- IMPOSTURE, noun cheat, chicane, counterfeit, craft, cun-
vene, invade, obtrude, overreach, overstep, poach, thrust ning, deceit, deception, dodge, duplicity, fake, fallacia, false
oneself in, transgress, trespass, violate conduct, forgery, fraud, fraudulence, fraus, guile, hoax, hol-
low pretense, imitation, knavery, pretense, ruse, sham,
IMPOSE (Subject), verb bring under rule, coerce, com- sleight, subterfuge, swindle, swindling, trap, trick, trickery,
pel, constrain, control, domineer, effect, enslave, force, wile
make submissive, master, oblige, overcome, require, sub-
due, subject to authority, subject to control, subject to de- IMPOTENCE, noun debilitation, debility, defenseless-
pendence, subject to influence, subjugate, subordinate ness, failure, feebleness, forcelessness, helplessness, imbe-
cillitas, impotency, impuissance, inability, inadequacy, inca-
IMPOSE A BAN, verb bridle, censor, check, condemn, pability, incapacitation, incapacity, incompetence,
curb, deny, deter, dictate, disallow, discourage, dissuade, incompetency, ineffectiveness, ineffectuality, ineffectualness,
edict, embargo, enjoin, halt, interdict, limit, mandate, ne- inefficaciousness, inefficacy, inefficiency, ineptitude, infir-
gate, outlaw, preclude, prevent, prohibit, proscribe, pro- mitas, insufficiency, lack of power, lack of strength, power-
test, refuse, reject, repress, restrain, silence, stop, sup- lessness, strengthlessness, unfitness, weakness
press, veto
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: injunction, temporary restraining IMPOTENT, adjective barren, disabled, inadequate, in-
order, writ of prohibition effective, inept, infertile, innocuous, powerless, spent,
sterile, unproductive, unprofitable, unsuccessful, useless,
IMPOSE A PENALTY, verb bring to account, discipline, vain, valueless, weak, without power, worthless
exact a penalty, execute a sentence, fine, inflict punish-
ment, levy, penalize, punish, rebuke, reprimand, subject to IMPOUND, verb appropriate, attach, confiscate, de-
penalty, subject to punishment prive of, distrain, hold in legal custody, remove, retain in
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: judgment, sentence custody, seize, sequester, sequestrate, take, take into cus-
tody, take into legal custody, take over, take possession of
IMPOSITION (Excessive burden), noun encroachment, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: impounding a jury, impounding
encumbrance, excessive demand, extraordinarily burden- property
some requirement, hindrance, impediment, infliction, in-
fringement, interference, onus, unjust burden, unjust re- IMPRACTICABLE, adjective beyond control, difficult,
quirement hard to deal with, hopeless, impassable, impossible, im-
practical, inapplicable, incapable of being accomplished,
IMPOSITION (Tax), noun charge, duty, excise, levy, inconceivable, inoperable, insuperable, insurmountable,
penalty, tariff, toll out of the question, quod fiere non potest, thorny, too hard,
unachievable, undoable, unemployable, unfeasible, unfunc-
IMPOSSIBILITY, noun difficulty, failure, futility, hope- tional, unhandy, unmanageable, unperformable, unrealiz-
lessness, impossibleness, impracticability, impracticality, able, unreasonable, unserviceable, unsuitable for practical
inaccessibility, inconceivability, infeasibility, inoperability, use, unusable, unviable, unwieldy, unworkable, useless
insuperability, insuperableness, insurmountability, lack of
possibility, lack of potentiality, unachievability, unattainabil- IMPRECATION, noun abuse, anathema, aspersion, bad
ity, unattainable, unavailability, unfeasibility, unobtainabil- wishes, blasphemy, commination, curse, damnation, de-
ity, unobtainableness, unperformability, unpracticability, nunciation, execration, expletive, exsecratio, foul language,
unthinkability, unworkability fulmination, ill wishes, invocation of evil, malediction,

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 IMPRECISE

malison, objuration, obsecration, preces, profanity, swear- as captive, keep behind bars, keep in captivity, keep in cus-
ing, vilification, vindictive oath, vituperation tody, keep in detention, keep under arrest, lock in, lock up,
mew, place in confinement, put behind bars, put in a cell, put
IMPRECISE, adjective approximate, approximated, in irons, put into a cage, put under lock and key, put under
ballpark, debatable, disputable, dubious, erroneous, esti- restraint, refuse bail, restrain, send to jail, send to prison
mated, eyeballed, false, faulty, flawed, inaccurate, inconclu- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: false imprisonment, habeas corpus,
sive, incorrect, indefinite, indeterminate, inexact, loose, imprison at hard work, imprison for a term of years, parole,
mistaken, off, questionable, rough idea, specious, uncer- term of imprisonment
tain, unconfirmed, undefined, unsubstantiated, unsup-
ported, vague, wrong IMPRISONMENT, noun commitment to an institution,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: dismissal of a complaint for failure to commitment to prison, confinement, custody, detainment,
state a cause of action detainment in custody, held in captivity, held in restraint, in
captivity, in custody, in jail, incarceration, internment, keep
IMPREGNABLE, adjective armored, bulletproof, de- behind bars, kept as captive, kept in captivity, kept in cus-
fended, guarded, immune, implacable, indomitable, insu- tody, kept in detention, kept under arrest, locked up, put
perable, insurmountable, inviolable, invulnerable, pro- behind bars, put in a cell, put under restraint, sent to jail,
tected, safe, safeguarded, secure, shielded, unassailable, sent to prison
unbeatable, unbeaten, unbowed, unbreachable, uncon- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: false imprisonment, habeas corpus
querable, unconquered, undefeated, unstoppable, unsub-
dued, untouchable IMPROBABILITY, noun bare possibility, doubt, doubt-
fulness, implausibility, impossibility, inexpectation, infre-
IMPRESS (Affect deeply), verb absorb, amaze, arouse, quency, little chance, long odds, non verisimilis, nonexpec-
astound, awe, electrify, galvanize, have a strong effect, hit, tation, poor chance, poor prospect, questionability, rare
influence, inspire, intrigue, make an impact upon, make an occurrence, rarity, small chance, small hope, uncertainty,
impression on, move, move strongly, movere, penetrate, unlikelihood, unlikeliness
pierce, reach, rouse, smite, stir, strike, strike hard, strike ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: inherently improbable evidence, inher-
home, stun, touch ently improbable testimony

IMPRESS (Procure by force), verb acquire, appropriate, IMPROBABLE, adjective a distant chance, barely a pos-
arrogate, attach, deprive, disentitle, disseise, expropriate, sibility, defying logic, doubtful, dubious, hardly possible,
garnish, impound, impropriate, levy, seize, sequester, se- implausible, little chance, little hope, little likelihood, long
questrate, take, take possession of odds, not likely, not likely to occur, not probable, poor
chance, poor prospect, questionable, rare, remote possibil-
IMPRESSION, noun animi motus, apprehension, belief, ity, uncertainty, unexpected, unlikelihood, unlikely
concept, conception, consciousness, consideration, effect,
feeling, general notion, guiding conception, image, image IMPROBITY, noun artfulness, breach of trust, corrup-
in the mind, impact, imprint, indirect influence, influence, tion, craftiness, crookedness, deceit, deceitfulness, devi-
inward perception, mark, mental attitude, mental image, ousness, dishonesty, disingenuity, disingenuousness, du-
mental view, notion, opinio, opinion, organizing concep- plicity, falsehood, falseness, falsity, fraud, fraudulence,
tion, outward perception, perception, print, putare, reac- fraudulency, furtiveness, graft, guile, indirection, insidious-
tion, reflection, remembrance, response, sensation, sense, ness, insincerity, inveracity, jobbery, knavery, lack of con-
sense perception, sensory perception, subconscious per- science, lack of integrity, lack of principle, lying, menda-
ception, trace, visible effect ciousness, mendacity, obliquity, rascality, roguery,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: case of first impression, impression on shadiness, surreptitiousness, treacherousness, trickiness,
the minds of the jurors truthlessness, undependability, underhandedness, unreli-
ability, unscrupulousness, unstraightforwardness, untrust-
IMPRESSIVE, adjective absorbing, assuring, awe-inspir- worthiness, untruthfulness
ing, commanding, considerable, electrifying, eloquent, en-
thusiastic, exciting, fervent, formidable, grand, important, IMPROMPTU, adjective ad-lib, extemporaneous, extem-
imposing, influential, magnificent, majestic, major, memo- porary, extemporized, immediate, improvised, makeshift,
rable, momentous, moving, notable, noteworthy, outstand- not arranged, not planned, offhand, off-the-cuff, spontane-
ing, overpowering, paramount, persuasive, pervading, po- ous, spur-of the-moment, unprompted, unrehearsed
tent, prodigious, profound, prominent, proud, rapturous,
remarkable, sapid, satisfactory, satisfying, sensational, sol- IMPROPER, adjective amiss, awkward, contrary to de-
emn, spectacular, stellar, striking, strong, telling, weighty cency, contrary to good taste, discordant, discrepant, er-
roneous, false, forbidden, gross, ill-adapted, ill-founded,
IMPRIMATUR, noun accession, agreement, approba- ill-timed, illicit, illogical, immodest, immoral, inaccurate,
tion, approval, assent, authority, authorization, backing, inadmissible, inapplicable, inapposite, inappropriate, inapt,
benediction, blessing, cache, consent, countenance, en- incongruous, incorrect, indecent, indecorous, indecorus,
dorsement, goodwill, license, OK, ratification, sanction, indelicate, indignus, inept, inexact, infelicitous, inharmoni-
support, vote ous, inopportune, irrelevant, mistaken, naughty, not perti-
nent, not right, not suitable, objectionable, off-color, off the
IMPRISON, verb bring into custody, cast into prison, mark, out of place, prohibited, risque, unadapted, unallow-
circumscribe, commit to an institution, commit to prison, able, unauthorized, unbecoming, unbefitting, uncharacter-
confine, constrain, deprive of freedom of movement, deprive istic, undesirable, undue, unfit, unfitting, unmeet, unrea-
of liberty, detain, detain in custody, enclose, entomb, hold sonable, unrefined, unseasonable, unseemly, unsound,
captive, hold in captivity, hold in restraint, immure, in car- unsuitable, unsuited, untimely, unwarrantable, wide of the
cerem, in custodiam, incarcerate, includere, intern, jail, keep mark, wrong, wrongful

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ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: improper act, improper conduct, im- IMPRUDENT, adjective adventurous, brash, careless,
proper discharge, improper influence, improper joinder of foolhardy, foolish, hasty, hazardous, heedless, hot-headed,
actions, improper motive, improper performance, im- ill-advised, ill-considered, ill-judged, impolitic, improvi-
proper practice, improper use dent, impulsive, inadvisable, incautious, inconsiderate, in-
consultus, indiscreet, inexpedient, injudicious, inoppor-
IMPROPER VENUE, noun improper court location, im- tune, lacking caution, lacking judgment, lacking prudence,
proper location, incorrect court location, incorrect location, neglectful, overhasty, precipitate, rash, reckless, short-
not suitable location, unauthorized location, unsuitable lo- sighted, temerarious, temerarius, thoughtless, unadvised,
cation, wrong judicial location uncalculated, uncircumspect, undesirable, unguarded, un-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: local venue, waiver of venue wary, unwise, venturesome, venturous, wanting discretion,
wanton
IMPROPRIATE, verb accroach, adopt, annex, apply to ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: negligence
one’s own uses, appropriate, arrogate, assume, assume own-
ership, avail oneself of, bear away, carry away, claim, claim IMPUDENCE, noun arrogance, audacity, boldness,
unduly, confer ownership on oneself, convert, disseise, em- brashness, brazenness, contempt, defiance, disdain, disre-
bezzle, employ, help oneself to, lay hold of, make one’s own, gard, disrespect, disrespectfulness, effrontery, flippancy,
make use of, misappropriate, peculate, pirate, possess, pur- forwardness, gall, impertinence, insolence, nerve, over-
loin, rob, seize, steal, take as one’s own, take for oneself, take bearance, pertness, rudeness, temerity
over, take possession of, take to oneself, thieve, use, usurp
IMPUGN, verb assail, assail by argument, attack, at-
IMPROPRIETY, noun bad taste, improper action, im- tack by words, be skeptical, call in question, cast doubt,
proper behavior, imprudence, inappropriate behavior, cast reflection upon, challenge as false, confute, contest,
inappropriateness, incongruousness, incorrectness, inde- contradict, controvert, criticize, denounce, disbelieve,
cency, indecorousness, indecorum, indelicacy, indiscre- discredit, disprove, dispute, doubt the truth of, find fault
tion, inelegance, inexpedience, inexpediency, inoppor- with, impeach, improbare, impugnare, inveigh against,
tuneness, lack of good taste, misbehavior, peccadillo, involve in suspicion, negate, oppose, oppose as false, op-
quod indecorum est, tactlessness, unaptness, unfitness, pugnare, overcome by argument, query, question, raise a
unfittingness, unseemliness, unsuitability, unsuitable ac- hue and cry against, raise a question as to, raise one’s
tion, unsuitableness, untimeliness, want of caution, want voice against, raise questions, rebut, refuse credence, re-
of circumspection fute, render suspect, take issue with, throw doubt upon,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: crime, violation undermine one’s belief
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: defamation, impugn the integrity of a
IMPROVE, verb advance, ameliorate, amend, appreci- witness
ate, beautify, correct, cultivate, cure, develop, doctor, edify,
edit, elaborate, elevate, embellish, emend, enhance, en- IMPUGN A WITNESS, verb assail, attack, call in ques-
noble, enrich, fix, flourish, gain, gain strength, heighten, tion, cast doubt, cast doubt on testimony of a witness, cast
help, increase, modernize, modify, mollify, nurture, perfect, doubt on the integrity of a witness, challenge, confute,
progress, promote, prosper, rectify, recuperate, redeem, contest, contradict, controvert, criticize, denounce, dis-
redress, refine, reform, rehabilitate, relieve, remedy, repair, credit, disprove, dispute, find fault with, impeach, involve
restore, retouch, revise, supplement in suspicion, oppose as false, question a witness, raise
questions regarding the integrity of a witness, rebut, refute,
IMPROVEMENT, noun amelioration, betterment, reveal, undermine confidence in a witness, undermine the
change for the better, melioration, recovery, rehabilitation credibility of
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: improvement bond, improvement ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS : discrepancies, impeachment,
district impugn a witness’s competency or credibility, rules of
evidence
IMPROVIDENT, adjective brash, careless, dissipated,
extravagant, happy-go-lucky, hasty, headlong, heedless, IMPUGNATION, noun adverse comment, adverse
improvidus, imprudens, imprudent, impulsive, incautious, criticism, animadversion, antagonism, attack, censure, chal-
incautus, indiscreet, injudicious, lacking foresight, lax, losel, lenge, condemnation, conflict, confrontation, contradiction,
neglectful, negligent, prodigal, profligate, rash, reckless, contrariety, contrariness, contravention, counteraction,
remiss, shiftless, spendthrift, squandering, temerarious, counterwork, criticism, decrial, defiance, difference, dis-
thoughtless, thriftless, uneconomical, unfrugal, unguarded, agreement, disapprobation, disapproval, discord, disfavor,
unpreparing, unproviding, unthrifty, unwary, wasteful, disputation, dispute, dissent, faultfinding, gravamen, griev-
without foresight ance, hostile attack, hostility, impugnment, lack of har-
mony, nonacceptance, nonagreement, noncompliance,
IMPROVISE, verb adept, ad-lib, compose, concoct, cre- nonconsent, noncooperation, obstruction, opposition, op-
ate, devise, extemporize, fabricate, invent, invent offhand, pugnancy, protest, protestation, rejection, reprehension,
make up, originate, play by ear, ride with the waves, utilize, reprobation, repudiation, resistance, rivalry, traversal, want
without preparation of harmony

IMPRUDENCE, noun blunder, carelessness, heedless- IMPUISSANCE, noun caducity, debility, decrepitude,
ness, impetuosity, impolicy, improvidence, inadvisability, in- disability, disablement, exhaustion, failure, feebleness,
cautiousness, inconsiderateness, inconsideration, indiscreet- frailty, helplessness, impotence, inability, inaptitude, inca-
ness, indiscretion, injudiciousness, irrationality, irresponsibility, pability, incapacity, incompetence, inefficacy, inefficiency,
neglect, negligence, recklessness, senselessness, temerity, ineptitude, infirmity, invalidity, lack of force, lack of might,
thoughtlessness, unreasonableness, unwiseness, witlessness lack of power, lack of strength, lack of vigor, powerlessness,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: imprudent act, imprudent advice prostration, strengthlessness, weakness

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IMPULSE, noun actuation, drive, encouragement, impel- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bearing upon, befitting, belonging to,
ling force, impetus, impulsio, impulsion, impulsus, incentive, cognate, comparable, congeneric, congruous, connected,
motivation, motive, pressure, push, spontaneity, spontane- correspondent, germane, in conjunction with, pertinent,
ous inclination, stimulant, sudden desire, sudden force, thrust pursuant to, relevant, with reference to
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: heat of passion, impulsive acts, irre-
sistible impulse, uncontrollable impulse IN ADDITION, adverb added to, additionally, also, as
well, besides, furthermore, moreover, over and above,
IMPULSIVE (Impelling), adjective activating, actuating, plus, taken together with, then again, then too, too
animating, compelling, driving, dynamic, dynamical, ener- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: alternative relief
gizing, impellent, kinetic, moving, prompting, propulsive,
pushing, stimulating, urging IN AGREEMENT, adjective affirmed, approved, ar-
ranged, assented, assured, attested, avowed, committed,
IMPULSIVE (Rash), adjective abrupt, adventurous, bold, concurred, confirmed, consented, contracted, covenanted,
breakneck, careless, daring, emotional, extemporaneous, declared, endorsed, guaranteed, having a meeting of the
extemporary, foolhardy, hasty, heedless, hotheaded, hur- minds, in consonance with, pledged, promised, stipulated,
ried, ill-considered, impetuous, impromptu, improvised, subscribed, sworn, understood, undertaken, warranted
imprudent, incautious, indeliberate, injudicious, offhand,
passionate, precipitant, precipitate, precipitous, quick, rapid, IN ALL LIKELIHOOD, preposition apparently, conceiv-
reckless, risk-taking, risky, snap, spontaneous, sudden, swift, ably, expectedly, feasibly, for the most part, indubitably,
temerarious, thoughtless, unadvised, unanticipated, uncalcu- likely, logically, ostensibly, plausibly, possibly, practicably,
lating, unchary, uncircumspect, unconsidered, uncontrolled, predominately, presumably, presumptively, promisingly,
unexpected, unmindful, unpremeditated, unprepared, un- reasonably, seemingly, supposedly, unquestionably, with
prompted, unthinking, venturesome, venturous, without considerable certainty, with direct certainty, with realistic
prudence, without thought certainty

IMPUNITY, noun absolution, acquittal, amnesty, condo- IN ALL RESPECTS, preposition absolutely, all-compre-
nation, dispensation, escape, exemption, exemption from hensively, all-inclusively, broad-based, capaciously, com-
judgment, exemption from penalty, exemption from pun- prehensively, consummately, developed, encyclopedically,
ishment, freedom, freedom from judgment, freedom from entirely, exhaustively, expansively, extensively, fully, glob-
penalty, freedom from punishment, immunity, impunitas, ally, in all regards, inclusively, overall, sweepingly, thor-
liberation, license, nonliability, nonprosecution, pardon, oughly, totally, unconditionally, undividedly, universally,
prerogative, privilege, protection, reprieve unreduced, utterly, very thoroughly, with every aspect
considered, with no exception, without omissions,
IMPURE (Adulterated), adjective alloyed, contami- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: inadequate in all respects, insufficient
nated, degraded, diluted, hybrid, mixed, perverted, pol- in all respects
luted, sullied, tainted, tampered with, unclean, unrefined,
watered down IN ARREARS, adjective behind, belated, dawdling,
deficient, delayed, delinquent, detained, dilatory, dragging,
IMPURE (Debased), verb amoral, base, contaminated, lagging, latish, outstanding, overdue, overmuch, owed,
defiled, degenerate, degraded, depraved, immodest, im- owing, past due, payable, postponed, slow, sluggish, un-
moral, improper, indecent, lascivious, licentious, passion- conscionable, unhurried, unpaid, unsettled, untimely
ate, poisoned, profligate, promiscuous, shameless, sinful, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bankruptcy laws, outstanding judg-
sullied, unchaste ment

IMPUTATION, noun abuse, accusal, accusation, adverse IN BETWEEN, adjective affiliated with, allying with,
criticism, allegation, animadversion, arrogation, ascription, amid, amidst, among, around, associating with, at intervals,
aspersion, attaint, attribution, blame, brand, calumny, censure, between, bounded by, centrally located, coached in be-
challenge, charge, condemnation, criticism, defamation, de- tween, enclosed by, halfway, halfway from both, in the
nouncement, detraction, disapprobation, discredit, disgrace, middle, in the middle of, in the midst of, inserted between,
dishonor, disparagement, disrepute, exprobration, faultfind- intermediate to, intervening, linking, located in the area of,
ing, ignominy, ignomy, incrimination, inculpation, insinuation, located in the proximity of, lodged between, mid, midst,
obloquy, onus, opprobrium, reference, reproach, slur, stain, midway, nestled between, situated between, within
stigma, stigmatization, stricture, traducement, vilification ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: distinctions in law
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: imputation of a crime, imputation of
negligence, imputation of payment IN CAMERA, noun confidential, confidentially, in ante-
chambers, in chambers, in judge’s chamber, in judicial
IMPUTE, verb adsignare, apply, ascribe, ascribere, as- chamber, in private, in secrecy, out of public view
sign, attach, attribuere, attribute, attribute vicariously,
blame, charge to, charge upon, credit, fix the burden of, fix IN CONCLUSION, adverb as a completion, as closure,
the responsibility for, fix upon, place the blame on, place as the finale, as the outcome, finally, at the outgrowth, in
the responsibility for, put closing, in consequence, in culmination, in ending, in finish-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: imputed consent, imputed guilt, im- ing, in fulfillment, in the final result, lastly, the result, the
puted intent, imputed knowledge, imputed liability, im- upshot is
puted negligence, imputed notice ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: conclusion to a memorandum, sum-
mation to the jury
IN ACCORDANCE WITH, adjective accordant, affili-
ated, affinitive, allied, applicable, apposite, appropriate, IN CONSPIRACY WITH, preposition abet with, act in
appurtenant, apropos, apt combination with, act in concert with, act in harmony with,

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agree with, aid with, associate with, be banded together cooperating, correspondent, corresponding, equable,
with, collude with, combine for some evil design with, com- equal, fit, fitting, harmonious, in accord, in agreement, in
bine operations with, combine with, concert with, concoct a concert, in tandem with, in unison, parallel, related, similar,
plot with, conjoin with, connive with, contrive with, cooper- suitable, synchronized, unchanged, unchanging, undeviat-
ate with, design with, devise treachery with, devise with, ing, unified, uniform
form a coalition with, form a plot with, in complicity with, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: conspiracy, contractual obligations
join forces with, join with, participate for an unlawful pur-
pose with, plan a crime with, plan secretly with, plan to IN HARMONY WITH, preposition accordant with,
commit a crime, plan to perform an unlawful act with, plan agreeing with, alike with, at one with, attuned to, balanced
with, plot an action in advance with, plot craftily with, plot with, coincident with, commensurate with, compatible with,
together with, plot with, scheme with, take part with concerted with, concordant to, concurrent with, conforming
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: conspiracy theory to, congruent with, congruous with, consistent with, coop-
erating with, correspondent with, corresponding to, equa-
IN CUSTODY, adverb behind bars, captive, confined, bly with, equally with, fitting with, harmoniously with, in
detained, held, imprisoned, in prison, incarcerated, jailed, accordance with, in agreement with, in concord with, in
kept in prison, maintained in prison, under arrest, under rapport with, in unison with, logically consistent with, paral-
lock and key lel with, reconcilably, related to, similarly with, suitably with,
uniformly with
IN DUE COURSE, adverb eventually, in good time, in ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: coconspirators
the long run, in time, presently, shortly, soon, ultimately
IN LIEU OF, preposition as a substitute for, as an alter-
IN EFFECT, adverb actually, basically, effectively, ele- native, as proxy for, by proxy, for, in place of, instead of, on
mentary, essentially, for all practical purposes, for the most behalf of, rather than, representing
part, in reality, intrinsically, materially, necessarily, origi- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: in lieu of payment
nally, practically, primarily, really, vitally
IN LIGHT OF, preposition because of, by way of expla-
IN EXTREMIS, adjective approaching death, at one’s nation, considering, even considering, in consideration of,
end, at the conclusion of life, at the last stage, at the point in view of, taken in relation to, taken together with, taken
of death, at the termination of life, during the last moments with regard to, to clarify, to clear up, to simplify, with
of life, dying, expiring, in one’s last moments, in the final knowledge of, with regard to, with specific reference to
moments of life, in the jaws of death, moribund, near death, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: in light of precedence, in light of the
near one’s end, on one’s deathbed, passing away, termi- circumstances
nally ill, under a sense of impending death
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: dying declaration, gift causa mortis IN PART, adverb in installments, in some measure, in-
completely, not wholly, partially, partly, somewhat, to a
IN FULL FORCE, adjective functioning, high-powered, certain extent, to a degree, to a limited extent
in full effect, mighty, omnipotent, operating, overpower-
ing, potent, puissant, strong, with full effect, with full force IN PERSON, adverb bodily, in one’s own person, indi-
vidually, personally, privately
IN FULL GEAR, adjective act on, all out, as fast as pos-
sible, at full speed, at full throttle, commence, continued at IN PLAIN VIEW, adjective freely seen, immediately ap-
maximum, flow, following at full throttle, forging ahead, parent, in plain sight, lawful observation, openly seen, rule
gathering steam, get in high gear, going forward, in high of evidentiary admissibility, within plain sight
gear, making headway, making progress, maximum ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: inadvertent discovery, plain feel, plain
strength, moving ahead, pressing on, progressing, pushing hearing, plain smell, probable cause, search and seizure
on, rolling on, springing from, streaming
IN SOLIDO, noun aggregate, each and every, in whole,
IN FURTHERANCE, preposition for, for the sake of, in joint and several, one and all, sum total, the entirety, total,
favor of, in the name of, in the service of, on account of, on totality
behalf of
IN STRICT CONFORMITY, adverb in accordance with,
IN GENERAL, adverb accepted, average, broad, com- in keeping with, in line with, in obedience with, in strict
mon to many, customary, extensive, generally, habitual, in compliance with, predominantly the same
common, inclusive, most of the time, overall, popular, pre-
vailing, prevalent, representative, sweeping traditionally, IN TERROREM, adjective alarmed, apprehensive, con-
typical, universal, usually, widespread cerned, filled with anxiety, fraught with apprehension,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: summation before a jury frightened, horrified, in a state of anxiety, in fear, intimi-
dated, mortified, scared, timorous, uneasy, with an appre-
IN GOOD FAITH, adverb bona fide, constantly, devot- hension of danger, with an apprehension of harm, with an
edly, fairly, faithfully, honestly, legitimately, steadily, truly apprehension of injury, with an apprehension of punish-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: good faith effort, presented in good ment, with consternation, with fright, with panic, with ti-
faith, written in good faith midity, with trepidation
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: in terrorem clauses, in terrorem letters
IN HARMONY, adjective accordant, adapted, agree-
ing, alike, appropriate, apt, arranged, at one with, attuned, IN THE HEAT OF, verb during extreme emotion, in the
balanced, becoming, coincident, commensurate, compati- emotion of, in the excitement of, in the fervor of, in the fury
ble, concerted, concordant, concurrent, conformable, con- of, in the passion of, while caught up in emotion, while
forming, congruent, congruous, consentient, consistent, caught up in the moment, while excited, while extremely

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emotional, while overcome with emotion, while passion- INACTION, noun abeyance, abrogation, abstinence from
ately involved, without thinking action, cessatio, cessation, dormancy, failure to act, idleness,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: in the heat of the commission of a immobility, impotence, indolence, inertness, inoccupation,
crime languor, latency, motionlessness, otium, paralysis, passive-
ness, passivity, quies, quiescence, rest, sloth, sluggishness,
IN TOTO, adverb absolutely, all in all, altogether, as a stagnation, stillness, suspended animation, suspension, tor-
whole, collectively, completely, comprehensively, en- pidity, torpor, unemployment, unprogressiveness, vegetation
tirely, fully, in all, in all respects, in full, in its entirety, in
the aggregate, in the whole, omnino, on all counts, INACTIVE, adjective abeyant, abolished, abrogated,
plane, prorsus, thoroughly, totally, unabridgedly, unani- apathetic, canceled, comatose, destroyed, disabled, dor-
mously, undividedly, unreservedly, utterly, wholly, with- mant, idle, ignavus, inanimate, indifferent, indolent, iners,
out omission inert, inoperative, insentient, invalid, languid, latent, lazy,
lethargic, lethargical, listless, motionless, nugatory, null,
IN TRUST, adverb held in pledge, held in trust, in es- obsolete, otiose, pococurante, powerless, quietus, recum-
crow, under fiduciary control bent, reposing, resting, sedentary, slothful, sluggish, spirit-
less, stagnant, static, supine, suspended, torpid, unbusied,
IN WRITING, adverb expressed in writing, in black and unemployed, unexercised, unmoving, unspirited, unstirred,
white, on paper, recorded, reduced to a writing, scriptory, vegetative, void, weak
stated in a writing, stated in writing ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: inactive account, inactive trust

INABILITY, adjective defect, disability, disablement, INADEPT, adjective artless, awkward, feckless, feeble,
failure, feebleness, frailty, handicap, helplessness, inade- impotent, incapable, incompetent, ineffective, ineffectual,
quacy, inaptitude, inaptness, incapability, incapableness, inefficacious, inefficient, inept, inexpert, insufficient, lacking,
incapacitation, incapacity, incompetence, incompetency lame, poor, unable, unaccomplished, unadroit, unapt, unc-
incomprehension, ineligibility, ineptitude, ineptness, infir- lever, undeft, undexterous, unendowed, unequal to, unfac-
mity, insufficiency, lack of ability, shortcoming, unfitness, ile, unfit, unfitted, ungifted, unproficient, unqualified, un-
unsuitability, unsuitableness skillful, unsuccessful, untalented, wanting, without dexterity
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: disability and inability to serve under
the Twenty-Fifth Amendment INADEQUATE, adjective assailable, deficient, depleted,
disabled, disappointing, displeasing, emasculate, exhausted,
INABILITY, noun disability, disablement, disqualification, feckless, feeble, helpless, impaired, impar, impotent, inca-
failure, helplessness, impotence, impuissance, inadequacy, pable, incompetent, incomplete, indefensible, ineffective,
incapability, incapacitation, incapacity, incompetence, in- ineffectual, inefficacious, inept, inferior, inoperative, insub-
competency, ineffectualness, inefficacy, inefficiency, inepti- stantial, insufficient, lacking, not enough, not up to expecta-
tude, ineptness, infirmitas, infirmity, inopia, insufficiency, tion, nugatory, perfunctory, poor, powerless, scant, short,
lack of ability, lack of competence, lack of power, powerless- unable, unapt, undeveloped, unempowered, unequal to,
ness, shortcoming, undeftness, unfitness, unproficiency, un- unfit, unfitted, unreplenished, unsatisfactory, unsufficing,
skillfulness, want of ability, want of capacity, want of power, untenable, useless, vincible, vulnerable, wanting, weak
want of skill ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: inadequate consideration, inadequate
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: inability to meet an obligation, inability damages, inadequate remedy at law, inadequate represen-
to pay a debt as it matures, inability to pay arrears, inability tation
to work
INADMISSIBILITY, noun debarment, disqualification,
INACCESSIBLE, adjective beyond reach, distant, elu- exclusion, impropriety, inappositeness, inappropriateness,
sive, far, far away, far off, impossible to reach, inaccessus, inaptitude, inaptness, ineligibility, misalliance, nonadmis-
inapproachable, out of reach, out of touch, rari aditus, re- sion, objectionability, preclusion, rejection, unacceptability,
mote, removed, separated, unaccessible, unachievable, undesirability, unfitness, unqualification, unsuitability
unacquirable, unapproachable, unattainable, unavailable, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: challenges, inadmissibility of evidence
unobtainable, unprocurable, unreachable, unrealizable, un-
securable INADMISSIBLE, adjective banned, barred, disallowed,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: inaccessibility of property, inaccessible disapproved, excepted, excluded, improper, inapplicable,
to service of process, inaccessible witness inapposite, inappropriate, incompetent, ineligible, inlicitus,
irrelevant, not admitted, not allowed, not capable of being
INACCURACY, noun aberration, blunder, canard, de- introduced as evidence, not included, not receivable as
ception, delusion, erratum, erroneousness, error, exaggera- evidence, not receivable in evidence, not to be admitted,
tion, fallacy, falsehood, falsification, fault, illusion, impreci- not to be allowed, not wanted, objectionable, prohibited,
sion, impropriety, incorrectness, inexactitude, inexactness, refused, rejected, suppressed, undue, unfit, unfitted, un-
miscalculation, misconstruction, misestimation, misinter- qualified, unreceivable, unsuitable, wrong
pretation, misjudgment, misprint, misrepresentation, mis- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: inadmissible evidence, inadmissible
statement, mistake, obliquity, oversight, unpreciseness statement, inadmissible testimony, incompetent testimony

INACCURATE, adjective amiss, approximate, blunder- INADVERTENCY, noun carelessness, dereliction, dis-
ing, broad, careless, erring, erroneous, fallacious, false, regard, inattention, inattentiveness, indifference, laxity,
falsus, faulty, garbled, general, generalized, groundless, miscue, mistake, neglect, negligence, nonobservance,
imprecise, improper, incorrect, indiligens, inexact, loose, omission, oversight, thoughtlessness, unmindfulness
misreported, misstated, mistaken, slipshod, unconscien-
tious, unfactual, unfounded, unfussy, unpainstaking, unreal, INADVERTENT, adjective accidental, blind, careless,
unsound, unstrict, untrue, untrustworthy, wrong disregardful, heedless, imprudens, inattentive, neglectful,

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negligent, oblivious, regardless, thoughtless, undesigned, irrelative, irrelevant, isolated, jarring, lacking importance,
undiscerning, unheedful, unheeding, unintended, uninten- lacking relevance, malapropos, negligible, non idoneus, of
tional, unmeant, unmindful, unnoticing, unobservant, un- little importance, pointless, remote, trivial, unallied, unapt,
perceptive, unpremeditated, unseeing, unthinking unbecoming, unbefitting, unconformable, uncongenial,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: neglect, negligence unconnected, unconsonant, undue, unessential, unfavor-
able, unfit, unfitting, ungermane, unharmonious, unimport-
INADVISABLE, adjective adverse, deleterious, detri- ant, unnoteworthy, unrelated, unseasonable, unsuitable,
mental, disadvantageous, disapproved, harmful, hurtful, unsuited, untimely, untoward, wrong
ill-advised, ill-considered, ill-judged, impolitic, imprudent,
inappropriate, inexpedient, infelicitous, injudicious, injuri- INAPPRECIABLE, adjective beneath consideration, be-
ous, inopportune, insalubrious, misadvised, misguided, neath notice, disregarded, impalpable, imperceptible, in-
nocuous, objectionable, pernicious, undesirable, unfavor- consequential, inconsiderable, infinitesimal, insignificant,
able, unfitting, unhealthy, unhelpful, unprofitable, unsatis- insubstantial, intangible, irrelevant, little, marginal, meager,
factory, unsensible, unsound, unsuitable, untoward, un- mean, minimus, minor, negligible, of little account, of little
wise, wrong importance, paltry, petty, scant, scanty, slight, small, trifling,
unimportant, unworthy of consideration, unworthy of notice
INAFFABLE, adjective bad-natured, bad-tempered,
bellicose, belligerent, cantankerous, contrary, difficult, INAPPREHENSIBLE, adjective abstruse, acroamatic,
discourteous, disrespectful, fractious, impolite, intractable, acroamatical, acroatic, ambiguous, beyond comprehen-
obstreperous, offensive, perverse, petulant, pugnacious, sion, beyond understanding, enigmatic, enigmatical,
rude, touchy, troublesome, truculent, unaccommodating, hidden, impenetrable, impossible to understand, incog-
unapproachable, uncivil, uncomplaisant, uncooperative, nizable, incomprehensible, indistinct, inexplicable, inex-
uncourtly, ungallant, ungracious, unmannerly, untoward, pressible, inscrutable, mysterious, mystic, mystical, obscure,
unyielding, vexatious opaque, past comprehension, puzzling, recondite, unac-
countable, undecipherable, undefinable, undiscoverable,
INALIENABLE, adjective incapable of being conveyed, unexplainable, unfathomable, unintelligible, unknowable,
incapable of being sold, incapable of being transferred, unreadable, unrecognizable, vague
nontransferable, not able to be conveyed, quod abalienari
non potest, secured by law, unable to be bought, unable to INAPPROPRIATE, adjective alien, amiss, clashing, dis-
be disposed of, unforfeitable, untouchable agreeing, discordant, discrepant, disproportionate, disso-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: inalienable lands, inalienable rights nant, divergent, forced, gratuitous, impertinent, impolitic,
improper, in bad taste, inadmissible, inapplicable, inappo-
INANE, adjective absurd, asinine, fatuous, foolish, im- site, inapt, incompatible, incongruent, incongruous, incon-
becile, incogitant, inept, insipid, irrational, ludicrous, non- sistent, indecorous, ineligible, inessential, inexpedient,
sensical, ridiculous, senseless, shallow, thought-free, infelicitous, inopportune, irrelevant, maladjusted, malapro-
thoughtless, unintelligent, unreasoning, unthinking, vacu- pos, misapplied, misbecoming, misdirected, misplaced,
ous, vain non idoneus, objectionable, odd, out of character, out of
keeping, out of place, remote, unadvisable, unapt, unbe-
INAPPEALABLE, adjective absolute, beyond all dis- coming, unbefitting, uncalled for, uncommendable, uncon-
pute, beyond all question, beyond question, clear, conclu- formable, unconsonant, undesirable, undignified, undue,
sive, decided, decisive, definite, definitive, established, unfit, unfitted, unfitting, ungermane, unharmonious, un-
final, finally settled, fixed, impregnable, incapable of being meet, unseasonable, unseemly, unsuitable, unsuited, un-
reviewed, incontestable, incontrovertible, indisputable, ir- timely, untoward, wrongly timed
refutable, irrevocable, not to be disputed, past dispute,
peremptory, quod refutari non potest, unassailable, un- INAPT, adjective at variance, clashing, discordant, dis-
changeable, uncontroversial, unimpeachable, unrefutable, crepant, disproportionate, dissonant, ill-adapted, ill-suited,
without power of appeal ill-timed, impolitic, improper, inaccordant, inadmissible,
inadvisable, inapplicable, inapposite, inappropriate, incom-
INAPPLICABLE, adjective alien, at variance, clashing, patible, incongruent, incongruous, inconsistent, inexpedi-
disagreeing, discordant, discrepant, divergent, foreign, ill- ent, infelicitous, inharmonious, inopportune, irreconcilable,
adapted, impertinent, improper, inadmissible, inapposite, jarring, malapropos, mismatched, misplaced, objection-
inappropriate, inapt, incommensurable, incompatible, in- able, out of character, out of keeping, out of place, out of
congruent, incongruous, inconsistent, infelicitous, irrele- proportion, unapt, unbecoming, unbefitting, uncongenial,
vant, jarring, malapropos, misapplied, mismatched, mis- unconsonant, undesirable, undue, unfit, unfitting, unmeet,
placed, non valere, out of keeping, out of place, unapt, unqualified, unseasonable, unseemly, unsuitable, untimely,
uncalled for, unconformable, unconsonant, unfit, unfitted, untoward, unwise
unfitting, ungermane, unharmonious, unqualified, unsuit-
able, unsuited, unusable, wrong INARTICULATE, adjective abstruse, abysmal, close,
defective, deficient, deprived of speech, fumbling, garbled,
INAPPOSITE, adjective alien, aside from the point, at guarded, inadequate, inaudible, incommunicative, incom-
variance, beside the mark, beside the point, clashing, dis- prehensible, inconversable, indiscernible, indistinct, indis-
agreeing, discordant, discrepant, disproportionate, disso- tinguishable, ineffective, inelegant, inferior, laconic, mono-
nant, extraneous, far-fetched, foreign, ill-adapted, ill-timed, syllabic, muffled, mute, nebulous, not able to vocalize a
illogical, immaterial, impertinent, improper, inaccordant, position, not fluent, not glib, not polished, not smooth,
inadmissible, inapplicable, inappropriate, inapt, incidental, opaque, parum distinctus, poor, reserved, reticent, silent,
incompatible, incongruent, incongruous, inconsequent, in- sparing of words, taciturn, tongue-tied, unclear, unfathom-
consequential, inconsistent, inept, inessential, infelicitous, able, unintelligible, unplain, unrefined, untrained, unvocal,
inharmonious, inopportune, insignificant, irreconcilable, vague, withdrawn

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INATTENTIVE, adjective absent-minded, absorbed, insensate, legally insane, mentally deficient, mentally de-
apathetic, blind, careless, casual, cursory, dazed, derelict, ranged, mentally ill, non compos mentis, not of sound
disregardful, distracted, forgetful, heedless, inadvertent, mind, unsound
incogitant, inconsiderate, indifferent, lax, mercurial, ne-
glectful, negligent, oblivious, off guard, perfunctory, preoc- INCAPACITATION, noun affliction, caducity, calamity,
cupied, reckless, remiss, thoughtless, unaware, undiscern- debility, disability, disablement, handicap, inability to work,
ing, unguarded, unmindful, unobservant, unresponsive, incapacity for work, infirmity, misfortune, sickness
unsuspecting, wandering
INCAPACITY, noun adynamy, anility, caducity, disabil-
INAUDIBLE, noun abstruse, acroamatic, acroamatical, ity, disablement, disenablement, disqualification, dotage,
acroatic, ambiguous, beyond comprehension, concealed, failure, feebleness, helplessness, impotence, impuissance,
dark, deep, difficult to comprehend, dim, dull, enigmatic, inability, inadequacy, inaptitude, incapability, incapacita-
enigmatical, esoteric, faint, fathomless, gentle, hard to tion, incompetence, incompetency, incomprehension, inef-
hear, hard to make out, hard to understand, hidden, im- ficacy, inefficiency, ineptitude, infirmity, inscitia, lack of
penetrable, imperceptible, impossible to hear, impossible capacity, lack of fitness, lack of power, morosis, unfitness,
to understand, inapprehensible, incalculable, incogniscible, unproficiency, unskillfulness, weakness
incoherent, inconceivable, indefinite, indistinct, inexplica- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: disability, incapacity for work, incapac-
ble, inscrutable, insoluble, insolvable, intricate, low, mean- ity to sue, legal incapacity, mental incapacity, permanent
ingless, metaphysical, miraculous, muffled, mumbled, mur- incapacity, physical incapacity, total incapacity
mured, mute, muted, muttered, mysterious, mystic,
mystical, nebulousness, noiseless, not heard, obscure, oc- INCARCERATE, verb cast into prison, commit to prison,
cult, out of earshot, puzzling, quiet, recondite, silent, soft, confine, constrain, hold in captivity, hold in custody, im-
stifled, still, unaccountable, unclear, unfathomable, un- mune, imprison, institutionalize, intern, jail, lock in, lock up,
imaginable, unintelligible, unknowable, unrecognizable, place in confinement, put behind bars, put under lock and
unthinkable, vague, whispered key, put under restraint, remand, restrain, restrict, send to
prison, shut in, take into custody, throw in the brig
INAUGURAL, adjective commencing, embryonic, ex- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: incarcerate an inmate, penal reform,
ploratory, foundational, inceptive, incipient, initial, initia- prison conditions, prisoners’ rights
tive, initiatory, introductory, nascent, original, precursory,
prefatory, preliminary, premier, preparatory, primal, pri- INCARCERATED PERSON, noun captive, convict, con-
mary, prime, prior, rudimentary victed person, criminal, felon, hostage, inmate, internee,
lawbreaker, prisoner, transgressor, wrongdoer
INAUSPICIOUS, adjective adverse, boding, disadvan-
tageous, ill-timed, inadvisable, inexpedient, infelix, inop- INCARCERATION, noun arrest, bondage, captivity,
portune, mistimed, nefastus, ominous, presageful, prob- carcer, commitment, confinement, confinement by public
lematic, problematical, unfavorable, unlucky, unpromising, authority, confinement in a jail, confinement in a peniten-
unpropitious, untimely, untoward tiary, confinement under legal process, constraint, custodia,
custodianship, custody, detention, immurement, impound-
INBRED, adjective absorbed, acquired, born, congeni- ment, imprisonment, internment, legal restraint, restraint,
tal, connate, deep-rooted, engrafted, genetic, hereditary, restriction, restriction on personal liberty, vincula
implicit, inborn, inculcated, indigenous, ingenerate, in- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: deterrence, habeas corpus, isolation,
grained, inherent, inherited, innate, instilled, integral, in- parole, rehabilitation, retribution, sentencing
trinsic, native, natural
INCENDIARY (Aggravating), adjective accelerant, agi-
INCALCULABLE, adjective aleatory, boundless, count- tating, angering, arousing, distressing, disturbing, enrag-
less, endless, enormous, equivocal, illimitable, immeasur- ing, fomenting, ignition, inciter, inciting, inflaming, inflam-
able, immense, imponderable, incomprehensible, incomput- matory, infuriating, instigating, instigator, irking, provoking,
able, indefinite, indeterminate, inestimable, inexhaustible, stirring, turbulent, vexing
infinite, innumerable, innumerous, interminable, limitless,
measureless, multitudinous, myriad, numberless, unaccount- INCENDIARY (Burning), adjective aggravating, agita-
able, unbounded, uncertain, uncountable, unfathomable, tor, angering, ardent, arousing, arsonist, blazing, building-
unlimited, unmeasured, unnumbered, unpredictable burner, burnable, combustible, criminal, electrifying, enrag-
ing, exasperating, exciting, fiery, firebrand, firebug, fire-setter,
INCAPABLE, adjective crippled, disabled, feeble, im- flammable, fomenting, hot, ignitable, incensing, inciter, in-
puissant, inadequate, incompetent, ineffective, ineffectual, citing, inflaming, inflammatory, infuriating, instigating, in-
inept, inhabilis, insufficient, not equal to, unable, unem- stigator, insurgent, maddening, mischief-maker, mutineer,
powered, unequipped, unfit, unpowerful, unqualified, un- organizer, outraging, piquing, provocative, pyromaniac,
skillful, unsuitable, unsuited, useless, weak rabble-rouser, rebel, revolutionary, ringleader, smoldering,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: incapable of conducting his own af- stimulating, stirring, thrilling, torch, troublemaker
fairs, incapable of intended use, incapable party, legal inca- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: incendiary bomb, incendiary device,
pacity, physically incapable, total incapacity incendiary explosive
FOREIGN PHRASES: Contra non valentem agere nulla currit
praescriptio. No prescription runs against a person who is INCENSE, verb accendere, aggravate, agitate, anger,
unable to act. Nemo admittendus est inhabilitare antagonize, arouse, arouse ire, arouse resentment, cause
seipsum. No one is allowed to incapacitate himself. dislike, cause loathing, cause resentment, chafe, discom-
pose, disquiet, embitter, embroil, enkindle, enrage, en-
INCAPABLE OF KNOWING RIGHT FROM WRONG, ad- venom, exacerbate, exasperate, excite, excite hatred, ex-
jective bereft of reason, crazy, defective, demented, cite indignation, harass, incendere, inflame, inflame with

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 INCITE

wrath, infuriate, irritate, kindle one’s wrath, madden, make incomplete, infant, infant stage, initial, initiatory, introduc-
one lose one’s temper, nettle, pique, provoke, provoke tory, just begun, maiden, nascent, newborn, not com-
hatred, provoke ire, push too far, put into a temper, raise pletely formed, not fully executed, not fully formed, origi-
anger, rile, ruffle, vex, work into a passion nal, out of order, partial, prefatory, preliminary, preparatory,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: heat of passion, incense the jury, mis- primal, primary, prime, primeval, primitive, primordial, ru-
trial, prejudice, provocation dimental, rudimentary, semiprocessed, sketchy, starting,
uncompleted, undeveloped, unexecuted, unfinalized, un-
INCENTIVE, noun actuation, allure, allurement, appeal, finished, unprocessed
attraction, bait, causality, causation, cause, cause of action, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: attempt, conspiracy and solicitation,
consideration, driving force, encouragement, enticement, inchoate contract, inchoate crimes, inchoate gift, inchoate
goad, impetus, impulse, impulsion, incitamentum, incite- interest, inchoate lien, inchoate right, inchoate title, incho-
ment, inducement, influence, inritamentum, inspiration, ate will
instigation, lure, motivation, motive, persuasion, prompt-
ing, provocation, provocative, reason, spur, stimulant, INCIDENCE, noun amount, degree, embodiment, ex-
stimulus, tantalization, temptation perience, exposure, extent, frequency, measure, number,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: incentive contract number of times occurred, prevalence, range of occur-
rence, rate, representative number, representative selec-
INCEPTION, noun beginning, birth, commencement, tion, sample, scope
dawn, debut, derivation, embarkation, exordium, genesis, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: causation, incidence of a crime, inci-
inauguration, inceptum, inchoation, incipience, incipiency, dence of drug abuse, incidence rate
initiation, initium, onset, opening, origin, origination, out-
break, outset, rise, source, start, starting point INCIDENT, adjective accessory, affiliated, allied, apper-
taining to, apropos, associated, bearing upon, belonging,
INCERTITUDE, noun ambiguity, bewilderment, change- circumstantial, collateral, connected, contextual, contingent,
ableness, dilemma, doubt, doubtfulness, dubiety, dubiosity, correlative, dependent on, following upon, implicated, in
dubiousness, dubitancy, dubitation, fog, haze, hesitancy, connection with, in relation to, inherent in, pertaining to,
hesitation, indecision, indetermination, insecurity, irresolu- related to, relating to, relative to, subject to, subsidiary
tion, misgiving, perplexity, quandary, question, uncertain- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: customarily incident, necessary and
ness, uncertainty, unsureness, vacillation, vagueness incident to

INCESSANT, adjective adsiduus, ceaseless, constant, INCIDENT, noun affair, case, casus, contingency, epi-
continual, continuous, continuus, endless, eternal, everlast- sode, event, experience, happening, occasion, occurrence,
ing, frequent, indefatigable, infinite, interminable, intermi- pass, proceeding
nate, iterative, long-lasting, never-ending, nonstop, peren-
nial, perpetual, perpetuus, persistent, recurrent, reiterative, INCIDENTAL, adjective accessory, accidental, accom-
repeated, repetitious, returning, steady, sustained, time- panying, added, additional, allied, associated, attendant,
less, unbroken, unceasing, undying, unending, unintermit- extrinsic, forte oblatus, minor, not vital, parenthetic, sec-
tent, unintermitting, uninterrupted, unremitting, untiring, ondary, subordinate, subsidiary, supervenient, supplemen-
unwearying, without ceasing, without interruption, without tal, supplementary
stopping ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: incidental authority, incidental bene-
fits, incidental consequence, incidental damages, incidental
INCEST, noun abnormal cohabitation, abnormal rela- expenses, incidental jurisdiction, incidental power, inciden-
tionship, brother-sister relationship, carnal abuse, degener- tal relief, incidental to employment, incidental use, inciden-
ate behavior, degenerative behavior, depraved, father- tal work
daughter relationship, illegal relationship, illicit relationship,
immoral family relationship, immoral relationship, inbreed- INCINERATE, verb blaze, burn, burn to a cinder, burn
ing, incestuous relationship, interbreeding, lewdness, up, burning to ashes, catch fire, conflagrate, deflagrate, fire,
mother-son relationship, perversion, sex crime, sexual ab- ignite, incandesce, inflame, kindle, light up, melt down,
normality, sexual abuse, sexual deviance, sexual deviation, roast, scald, scorch, sear, singe, smolder, strike a light
sexual offense, sexual perversion, unlawful sexual inter- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: EPA
course
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: incest laws INCIPIENT, adjective aboriginal, beginning, budding,
commencing, elemental, elementary, embryonic, founda-
INCESTUOUS, adjective banned family relationships, tional, fundamental, immature, inceptive, inchoate, incho-
criminal family relationships, forbidden family relation- ative, incunabular, infant, initial, initiatory, introductory,
ships, illegal family relationships, immoral family relation- maiden, nascent, original, precursory, prefatory, primal,
ships, improper family relationships, inbred, interbred, primary, primeval, primitive, proemial, rudimental, rudi-
perversion, prohibited relationship, sexual abnormality, mentary, starting, uncompleted
sexual deviance, sexual deviation, sexual offense, sexual
perversion, unlawful family relationships INCISIVE, adjective acute, biting, brisk, caustic, cutting,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Incestuousi. Those offspring of incestu- discerning, effective, electric, galvanic, harsh, keen, morda-
ous relationships. cious, mordant, mordax, moving, penetrating, piercing,
piquant, pointed, powerful, pungent, sarcastic, sarcastical,
INCHOATE, adjective anticipatory, basic, beginning, satiric, satirical, scathing, sententious, severe, sharp, slash-
budding, commencing, developing, early, elemental, ele- ing, stinging, telling, trenchant, vehement
mentary, embryonic, fragmentary, fundamental, half-be-
gun, half-done, hardly begun, immature, imperfect, in its INCITE, verb advise, advocate, agitate, animate,
infancy, inaugural, inceptive, incipient, incohatus, arouse, arouse to action, awaken, bring about, bring on, call

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 INCIVILITY

forth, cause, counsel, drive, encourage, energize, enthuse, INCLUSIVE, adjective all-embracing, broad, compre-
excite, exert influence, exert pressure, exhort, foment, give hensive, comprising, consisting of, containing, embodying,
advice, give impetus, goad, impart momentum, impassion, embracing, encircling, enclosing, exhaustive, extensive,
incitare, induce, influence, initiate, inspire, inspirit, instig- full, general, inclusory, sweeping, total, vast, wide
are, instigate, kindle, launch, move, persuade, press, pre-
vail upon, prompt, provoke, push, rally, recommend, INCOGNITO, adjective alias, anonymous, assumed
rouse, set in motion, spur on, start, stimulate, stir, stir up, name, camouflaged, charade, clandestine, concealed, con-
urge, wake fidential agent, confidentially, cover, discreetly, disguise,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: incite a riot disguised, false identity, isolated, mask, masked, masquer-
ade, mysterious, mysteriously, mystery man, nameless,
INCIVILITY, noun acerbity, acrimony, boorishness, dis- privacy, private, privately, privileged, protected, quietly,
courteousness, discourtesy, disrespect, ill breeding, imperti- recluse, retired, screen, secluded, seclusion, secrecy, se-
nence, impoliteness, impropriety, inappropriateness, inde- cret, secret agent, secreted, secretive, secretiveness, se-
cency, indecorum, indelicacy, inelegance, insult, misbehavior, cretly, sheltered, shielded, under an assumed name, under
provocation, rudeness of manner, slight, snub, tactlessness, cover, undisclosed, unidentified, unknown, unnamed, un-
unbecoming conduct, uncouthness, uncultivation, unrefine- recognized, unrevealed, unspecified, veiled, with circum-
ment, urbane, vulgarity spection, without a name, without fanfare
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: professionalism
INCOGNIZANT, adjective benighted, blind, clueless,
INCLEMENT, adjective arctic, astringent, austere, bit- deaf, heedless, ignorant, insensible, mystified, ne-
ing, bitter, bleak, blustery, cold, crisp, cruel, freezing, scient, oblivious, unacquainted, unadvised, unapprized,
frigid, glacial, grim, gusty, harsh, icy, inexorable, merci- unaware, unconscious, unenlightened, unfamiliar, unin-
less, nasty, nipping, penetrating, piercing, rainy, rigorous, formed, uninstructed, unknowing, unmindful, unrealizing,
rough, rugged, ruthless, severe, sharp, stone-cold, unseeing, unsuspecting, unwitting
stormy, stringent, tempestuous, unrelenting, unsparing,
violent, wintry INCOHERENCE, noun absence of meaning, chaos, dis-
connection, discontinuity, disjunction, disorder, illegibility,
INCLINATION, noun affinity, aptitude, aptness, bent, imperspicuity, inapprehensibility, incomprehensibility, lack
bias, cast, direction, fondness, inclinatio, leaning, liking, of clarity, meaninglessness, randomness, ranting, raving,
partiality, penchant, predilection, predisposition, prefer- unclearness, undecipherability, unevenness, unintelligibil-
ence, prejudice, proclivity, proneness, propensity, readi- ity, wandering
ness, slant, studium, tendency, voluntas ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: commitment to an institution, guard-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Judicium redditur in invitum, in prae- ian, insanity, lack of capacity
sumptione legis. In presumption of law, a judgment is
given against one’s inclination. Favores ampliandi sunt; INCOHERENT, adjective babble, confused, deranged,
odia restringenda. Favorable inclinations should be en- deviating, digressive, disconnected, discontinuity, discor-
couraged; animosities should be restrained. dant, disjointed, illogical, inarticulate, irrational, jumbled,
lacking clarity and cohesion, mixed-up, muddled, scram-
INCLINED, adjective acquiescent, affected, agreeable, bled, unfit, unintelligible, variant, wandering
amenable, apt, assenting, bent, consenting, content, de- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: chromatic coherence, experience inco-
lighted, desirous, disposed, dispositioned, eager, favorable, herence, insanity defense, intent and coherence, polariza-
glad, happy, leaning, liable, moved, partial to, pleased, tion coherence, rehabilitations, spatial coherence, temporal
predisposed, prepared, proclivis, prompted, prone, pro- coherence, waive equation
pensus, ready, receptive, slanted, stimulated, tending,
trending, well-disposed, willing INCOME, noun allowance, annuity, business profits,
commercial profits, compensation, consideration, earnings,
INCLUDE, verb absorb, adscribere, be composed of, be emoluments, fees, financial remuneration, financial re-
formed of, be made up of, begird, boast, bound, bracket, sources, fringe benefits, gain derived from capital, gain de-
circumscribe, classify, close in, combine, compass, com- rived from labor, gains, gross, gross income, gross return,
plecti, comprehend, comprehendere, consist of, consoli- increase in amount of wealth, livelihood, means, money
date, contain, cover, embody, embrace, encircle, encom- coming in, net return, pay, payment, pecunia, pension, pe-
pass, engird, envelop, girdle, hold, incorporate, involve, riodic returns from property or labor, proceeds, profit from
merge, put a barrier around, span, subsume, surround, take conversion of assets, profit from sale, profits, profits of com-
in, unify, unite merce, quaestus, receipts, recompense, remuneration, re-
FOREIGN PHRASES: In eo quod plus sit semper inest et turn in money, return on capital, returns, revenue, salary,
minus. The less is always included in the greater. Inclusio sale proceeds, something produced by capital, stipend,
unius est exclusio alterius. The inclusion of one thing is subsidy, value received, vectigal, wage, wages, wealth
the exclusion of another. ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accumulated income, actual income,
affordable housing, aggregate income, annual net income,
INCLUSION, noun all acceptance, all-embracing uni- current income, deferred income, division of income, em-
verse, all-encompassing universe, all facets, blanket analy- ployment law, estimated income, garnishment of income,
sis, broad analysis, compendious amount, comprehensive gross income, income-bearing property, income execution,
number, diverse mix, diverse mixture, every facet, every income tax, income tax evasion, income yield, legacy, life
side, exhaustive approach, extensive analysis, full vision, income, low income, minimum wage, net income, retire-
mainstreaming everyone, sweeping analysis, total number, ment income, social security income
total scope, umbrella, universe, unlimited acceptance
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: inclusion of children with disabilities, INCOMING, adjective about to be received, approach-
inclusionary approach ing, arriving, coming, entering, homeward, homeward-bound,

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 INCONCLUSIVE

in transit, inbound, incoming, mailed, receiving, sent, INCOMPETENCY, noun awkwardness, deficiency, de-
shipped, soon to be received ranged, disqualification, failure, frailty, impotence, inability,
inadequacy, inaptitude, incapabability, incapacitation, inca-
INCOMMENSURABLE, adjective at variance, cannot be pacity, ineffectiveness, inefficiency, ineptitude, insuffi-
compared to, cannot be weighed against, discordant, dis- ciency, inutility, lack, mental defect, mental disease, pow-
crepant, disproportionate, dissimilar, greatly dissimilar, ill- erlessness, shortcoming, unfitness, weakness
balanced, incomparable, incongruent, inconsistent, incon- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: not guilty by reason of insanity
sonant, inharmonious, lopsided, mismatched, out of
proportion, unbalanced, unequal INCOMPETENT, adjective amateurish, awkward, bun-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: incommensurable goods, incommen- gling, clumsy, deficient, disqualified, floundering, gauche,
surable values gawky, ignorant, improficient, inadequate, incapable, inca-
pacitated, ineffective, ineffectual, inefficient, inept, inexpe-
INCOMMENSURATE, adjective at variance, discordant, rienced, inexpert, inhabilis, inscitus, insufficient, inutilis,
discrepant, disproportionate, inaccordant, incommensura- lacking qualification, maladroit, raw, stumbling, stupid, un-
ble, inconsistent, mismatched, out of keeping, out of pro- able, unadapted, unapt, unequal, unequipped, unfit, unfit-
portion, short, unconformable, unequal ted, ungainly, unhandy, uninitiated, unqualified, unskilled,
unskillful, unsuitable, untrained, useless, without adequate
INCOMMUNICABLE, adjective be silent, confidential, ability
immutable, inexpressible, keep quiet, keep silent, not ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: incompetence of counsel, incompetent
speak, not speaking, not talking, silent, top secret evidence, incompetent witness

INCOMPARABLE, adjective beyond, beyond compari- INCOMPLETE, adjective defective, deficient, devoid,
son, beyond imitation, beyond words, excellent, excep- disappointing, failing, faulty, fragmentary, half-done, im-
tional, exquisite, extraordinary, incredible, matchless, peer- perfect, imperfected, inaccurate, inadequate, inchoate, in-
less, perfect, rare, superior, superlative, supreme, sufficient, lacking, left undone, less than perfect, not com-
unapproachable, unequaled, unique, unmatchable, unpar- pleted, outstanding, partial, perfunctory, rough, sketchy,
alleled, unrivaled, unsurpassed, unusual, without equal truncated, unaccomplished, uncompleted, undeveloped,
unexecuted, unfinished, unsatisfactory, wanting
INCOMPATIBLE, adjective antipathetical, clash, con-
flict, contradictoriness, contrariety, contrast, controversy, INCOMPREHENSIBLE, adjective abstruse, acroamatic,
disaccord, disagreement, discord, discordance, dispute, acroamatical, acroatic, ambiguous, beyond comprehen-
dissension, dissent, dissidence, disunion, disunity, diver- sion, concealed, dark, deep, difficult to comprehend, dim,
gence, faction, fight, hatred, hostility, incongruous, in- enigmatic, enigmatical, esoteric, fathomless, hard to under-
imicality, intolerance, not agreeing, not compatible, not stand, hidden, impenetrable, impossible to understand, in-
harmonizing, opposition, repelling, repugnance, variance apprehensible, incalculable, incognoscible, incoherent, in-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: doctrine of incompatibility, incompat- conceivable, indefinite, inexplicable, inscrutable, insoluble,
ibility, incompatibility of public offices insolvable, intellegi non potest, intricate, meaningless,
metaphysical, miraculous, mysterious, mystic, mystical,
INCOMPATIBILITY (Difference), noun animosity, an- nebulousness, obscure, occult, puzzling, quod comprehendi,
tagonism, antipathy, clash, conflict, contradictoriness, con- recondite, unaccountable, unclear, unfathomable, unimagi-
trariety, contrast, controversy, disaccord, disagreement, nable, unintelligible, unknowable, unrecognizable, unthink-
discord, discordance, dislike, dispute, dissension, dissent, able, vague
dissidence, disunion, disunity, divergence, division, faction,
fight, hatred, hostility, inimicality, intolerance, intransi- INCOMPREHENSIVE, adjective abstract, abstruse, am-
gence, intransigency, irreconcilability, irreconcilable differ- biguous, beyond comprehension, beyond understanding,
ence, irreconcilableness, lack of agreement, misunder- complex, complicated, deep, difficult, difficult to compre-
standing, nonagreement, opposition, quarrel, repugnance, hend, enigmatic, esoteric, hard to understand, impenetra-
unfriendliness, variance, want of adaptation, want of ble, impossible to understand, inapprehensible, incoherent,
agreement indecipherable, inexplicable, intricate, involved, jumbled,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: divorce for incompatibility metaphysical, muddled, mysterious, mystic, mystical, neb-
ulous, oblique, obscure, perplexed, profound, recondite,
INCOMPATIBILITY (Inconsistency), noun antithesis, unclear, undecipherable, unexplainable, unfathomable, un-
clash, conflict, contrast, disagreement, disconformity, dis- imaginable, unintelligible, vague
congruity, discord, discordance, discordancy, discrepancy,
disharmony, disparity, dissimilarity, dissimilitude, disso- INCONCEIVABLE, adjective disputable, doubtful, ex-
nance, divergence, incongruity, inconsonance, inequality, cluded, extraordinary, hard to believe, implausible, impos-
inharmoniousness, inharmony, lack of agreement, lack of sible, impracticable, inapprehensible, incogitable, incom-
harmony, nonconformity, nonuniformity, unconformity, prehensible, incredible, inexplicable, infeasible, marvelous,
unlikeness, unsuitableness, variance, want of agreement miraculous, not understandable, out of the question, over-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: incompatible use of land whelming, portentous, prodigious, questionable, rare,
staggering, stupendous, surprising, suspect, suspicious,
INCOMPETENCE, noun illegitimacy, inadequacy, inca- unbelievable, uncanny, unconsidered, undreamed, unex-
pability, incapacity, inefficiency, inexpertness, insufficiency, plainable, unimaginable, unreasonable, unthinkable, un-
mismanagement, negligence, undeftness, unendowment, thought of, unusual
unfitness, unprofessional conduct, unproficiency, unquali-
fiedness INCONCLUSIVE, adjective doubtful, flimsy, indecisive,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: incompetence of counsel, incompe- ineffective, not final, quo nihil efficitur, subject to verifica-
tence of representation, incompetent evidence tion, unascertained, uncertain, unconfirmed, uncorroborated,

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undemonstrated, unestablished, unproved, unproven, un- disregardful, flippant, harsh, heedless, ill-advised, ill-judged,
settled, unsubstantiated, unsupported, unsupported by evi- impolitic, imprudent, inattentive, incautious, indifferent, in-
dence, unsure, untested, untried, unverified, weak discreet, injudicious, intolerant, neglectful, negligent, oblivi-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: inconclusive account, inconclusive ous, reasonless, reckless, remiss, rude, self-centered, selfish,
evidence severe, tactless, thoughtless, uncharitable, unconsidered,
ungracious, unheeding, unkind, unmindful, unobliging, un-
INCONGRUENT, adjective contradictory, different, dis- observant, unpolitic, unthoughtful, unwary
agreeing, discordant, discrepant, disjointed, disparate, dis-
proportionate, dissimilar, distinct, diverse, ill-assorted, ill- INCONSIDERATION, noun carelessness, cruelty, disre-
matched, improper, inapplicable, inapposite, inappropriate, gard, disrespect, disrespectfulness, foolhardiness, forgetful-
inapt, incompatible, incongruous, inconsistent, inconsonant, ness, hastiness, heedlessness, impetuosity, improvidence,
inept, inharmonious, inopportune, malapropos, peculiar, imprudence, impulsiveness, inadvertence, inadvertency, in-
unalike, unconformable, unequal, unfortunate, unmatched attention, inattention to consequences, incaution, incautious-
ness, incircumspection, inconsiderateness, indiscretion, inju-
INCONGRUITY, noun abnormality, absurdity, absurd- diciousness, irresponsibility, lack of care, lack of caution, lack
ness, contradiction, contradictoriness, contrariety, contrari- of consideration, lack of respect, lack of reverence, mean-
ness, deviation, difference, disagreement, discordance, dis- ness, neglect, negligence, oversight, precipitance, precipi-
cordancy, discrepancy, disharmony, disparity, dissimilarity, tancy, prodigality, rashness, recklessness, regardlessness,
dissimilitude, dissonance, impropriety, inapplicability, inap- thoughtlessness, unkindness, unpremeditation, unwariness
propriateness, incompatibility, incongruousness, inconsis-
tency, inconsonance, inharmoniousness, lack of consonance, INCONSISTENCY, noun antilogy, antinomy, capricious-
lack of harmony, ludicrousness, misalliance, mismatch, non- ness, changeableness, contradiction, contradictoriness,
conformity, repugnantia, ridiculousness, unconformity, unfit- contrariety, deviation, difference, disaccord, disagree-
ness, unfittingness, unlikeness, unsuitability, variance ment, discord, discordance, discordancy, discrepancy,
disparity, dissimilarity, dissimilitude, dissonance, diver-
INCONGRUOUS, adjective alien, alienus, at odds, at gence, diversity, fitfulness, flightiness, inapplicability, inap-
variance, clashing, conflicting, contradictory, contrary, di- propriateness, incompatibility, incongruity, incongruous-
saccordant, disagreeing, discordant, discrepant, disharmo- ness, inconsonance, inconstancy, inconstantia, inequality,
nious, disproportionate, dissonant, divergent, ill-matched, inharmony, instability, lack of accord, mercurialness, muta-
illogical, improper, inaccordant, inapplicable, inapposite, bilitas, nonconformity, unconformity, unlikeness, unsteadi-
inappropriate, incompatible, inconformable, incongruens, ness, unsuitableness, vacillation, variance, volatility, want of
incongruent, inconsequent, inconsistent, inconsonant, in- harmony
harmonious, irreconcilable, irregular, jarring, lacking agree-
ment, lacking harmony, misjoined, mismatched, mismated, INCONSISTENT, adjective at variance, capricious,
non aptus, out of character, out of keeping, out of place, changeable, conflicting, contradictory, contrarius, contrary,
strange, unbecoming, uncongenial, uncoordinated, unfit, different, disagreeing, discordant, discrepant, dissonant,
unfitting, unsuitable divergent, erratic, fickle, fitful, flighty, illogical, incompati-
ble, incongruous, inconsonant, inconstans, inconstant, ir-
INCONSEQUENCE, noun disassociation, disconnection, reconcilable, jarring, lacking accord, lacking harmony,
disjunction, dissociation, immateriality, impertinence, imper- mercurial, moody, mutable, notional, paradoxical, unstable,
tinency, inapplicability, inappositeness, inconsequentiality, unsteady, unsuitable, vacillating, variable, volatile
inconsiderableness, inconsistence, inconsistency, insignifi- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: alternative pleadings, inconsistent
cance, irrelevance, irrelevancy, negligibility, paltriness, small- causes of action, inconsistent defenses, inconsistent state-
ness, triviality, unimportance, unnoteworthiness, unrelated- ments, inconsistent verdict
ness
INCONSPICUOUS, adjective barely seen, blurred, con-
INCONSEQUENTIAL, adjective dispensable, flimsy, cealed, covert, dim, faint, feeble, fuzzy, half-seen, half-
frivolous, immaterial, impertinent, inapplicable, inappre- visible, hazy, hidden, ill-defined, ill-marked, imperceptible,
ciable, inappropriate, inconsequent, inconsiderable, ines- indefinite, indiscernible, indistinct, indistinguishable, invis-
sential, insignificant, invalid, irrelevant, minor, niggling, ible, merely visible, misty, modest, nebulous, obscure,
nonessential, not vital, nugatory, of minor importance, of obscurus, out of sight, parum insignis, poorly defined,
no account, of no consequence, paltry, petty, picayune, poorly seen, quiet, retiring, shadowy, shrouded, subtle,
remote, slight, superficial, trifling, trivial, unconnected, un- suppressed, unapparent, unclear, undefined, undiscern-
essential, ungermane, unimportant, unnecessary, unre- ible, unevident, unnoticeable, unnoticed, unobserved, un-
lated, unsound, unwarranted, worthless obtrusive, unobvious, unostentatious, unperceivable, un-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: irrelevant evidence pretentious, unpronounced, unrecognizable, unseeable,
unseen, vague, veiled, viewless
INCONSIDERABLE, adjective beneath notice, ex-
iguus, immaterial, inappreciable, inconsequential, insignifi- INCONTESTABILITY, noun impregnability, incontro-
cant, insubstantial, irrelevant, levis, meager, mean, minor, vertibility, indefeasibility, indisputability, indubitableness,
minute, modest, negligible, nominal, nonessential, not irrefragibility, irrefutability, unassailability, undeniability,
worth considering, not worthy of notice, nugatory, of no unequivocalness, unimpeachability, unquestionability, un-
consequence, of no moment, paltry, petty, piddling, slight, refutability
small, tenuis, trifling, trivial, unessential, unimportant, un- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: incontestability clause, incontestable
worthy of consideration, unworthy of notice, worthless policy

INCONSIDERATE, adjective blind, blunt, brusque, INCONTESTABLE, adjective absolutely clear, beyond all
careless, cavalier, censorious, churlish, derelict, disobliging, question, clear, conclusive, impregnable, inappealable,

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incontrovertible, indefeasible, indisputable, indubious, indu- centralize, coalesce, combine, compound, consolidate,
bitable, irrefragable, irrefutable, noncontroversial, past dis- contain, couple, cover, embody, embrace, encircle, encom-
pute, unambiguous, unassailable, uncontradictable, undeni- pass, fuse, interblend, interfuse, interlace, intermix, in-
able, unequivocal, unimpeachable, unquestionable volve, join, meld, merge, mix, put together, take in, unite,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: incontestable claim weave, yoke
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: incorporate by reference
INCONTESTABLY, adverb admittedly, assuredly, au-
thoritatively, certainly, clearly, conclusively, incontrovert- INCORPORATION (Blend), noun aggregation, amalga-
ibly, indisputably, indubiously, indubitably, infallibly, irrefut- mation, assimilation, centralization, coalescence, combina-
ably, irresistibly, obviously, palpably, patently, plainly, tion, commixation, compound, consolidation, fusion, infu-
reliably, self-evidently, unambiguously, unassailably, un- sion, interfusion, interlacement, intermixture, minglement,
contradictably, uncontroversially, undeniably, unequivo- mixture, unification, union
cally, unimpeachably, unmistakably, unquestionably ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: incorporation by reference
FOREIGN PHRASES: Verba relata hoc maxime operantur per
INCONTROVERTIBLE, adjective absolute, apodictic, referentiam, ut in eis inesse videntur. Words incorpo-
ascertained, assured, authoritative, beyond a shadow of a rated by reference have as great an effect through refer-
doubt, beyond contradiction, capable of proof, certain, ence, as they are deemed to be inserted.
clear-cut, conclusive, definite, demonstrable, established,
factual, inappealable, incontestable, indisputable, indubi- INCORPORATION (Formation of a business entity), noun
ous, indubitable, irrefragable, irrefutable, noncontroversial, association, chartering, coalition, coniunctio, cooptatio, es-
past dispute, positive, questionless, quod refutari non po- tablishment of a firm, formation of a company, formation of
test, settled, sure, testable, true, unambiguous, unanswer- a corporation, formation of an organization, organization of
able, unchallengeable, unconfutable, uncontradictable, un- a commercial concern, organization of a company, unifica-
deniable, unequivocal, unimpeachable, unmistakable, tion, union
unquestionable, unshakable, veracious ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: certificate of incorporation, dissolution
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: incontrovertible fact, incontrovert- of a corporation
ible proof
INCORPOREAL, adjective asomatous, bodiless, ethe-
INCONVENIENCE, verb annoy, be obstructive, be unco- real, immaterial, immateriate, impalpable, incorporal, intan-
operative, bother, disadvantage, discommode, displace, gible, nonphysical, not of material nature, spiritual, unbodied,
disturb, encumber, give trouble, hamper, hinder, impede, unembodied, unfleshly, unsubstantial, unworldly, without
impose hardship, incommode, irritate, obstruct, stall, stand body, without substance
in the way, stymie, thwart, trouble, unsettle, vex ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: incorporeal chattels, incorporeal here-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: forum non conveniens, public inconve- ditament
nience FOREIGN PHRASES: Haereditas, alia corporalis, alia incor-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Privatum incommodum publico bono poralis; corporalis est, quae tan gi potest et videri; in-
pensatur. Private inconvenience is compensated by public corporalis quae tangi non potest nec videri. An inheri-
benefit. Argumentum ab inconvenienti est validum in tance is either corporeal or incorporeal; corporeal is that
lege, quia lex non permittit aliquod inconveniens. An which can be touched and seen; incorporeal is that which
argument drawn from what is inconvenient is good in law, can neither be touched nor seen.
because the law will not permit any inconvenience. Quod
est inconveniens aut contra rationem non permissum INCORRECT, adjective amiss, awry, erring, erroneous,
est in lege. What is inconvenient or contrary to reason is fallacious, false, falsus, faulty, flawed, imperfect, imprecise,
not permitted in the law. improbus, improper, inaccurate, inappropriate, inexact,
miscalculated, misconstrued, misfigured, misjudged, mis-
INCONVENIENT, adjective bother, disadvantage, dis- leading, mistaken, perversus, solecistic, solecistical, sophis-
commode, displace, disturbance, encumbering, hamper, tic, sophistical, unfactual, ungrounded, unsound, untrue,
hinder, impede, impose hardship, incommode, irritate, ob- unveracious, wrong
struct, stand in the way, stymie, thwart, trouble, unsettle,
vex INCORRIGIBLE, adjective beyond help, beyond reform,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: forum non conveniens chronic, cureless, hardened, hopeless, impenitent, incapa-
ble of correction, incurable, intractable, intransigent,
INCONVINCIBLE, adjective cynical, disbelieving, dis- inveterate, irreclaimable, irrecoverable, irredeemable, irre-
posed to doubt, distrustful, doubtful, doubting, dubious, formable, irremediable, irreparable, lost, obdurate, obsti-
given to suspicion, hard to convince, inclined to suspect, nate, past cure, past hope, perditus, recalcitrant, recidivous,
incredulous, indisposed to believe, questioning, skeptical, refractory, remorseless, reprobate, stubborn, toughened,
slow to believe, suspecting, suspicious, unbelieving, uncer- unapologizing, uncontrite, uncontrollable, ungovernable,
tain, unwilling to accept, wary, without faith unmanageable, unreformable, unregretful, unregretting,
unrepentant, unsubmissive, wicked
INCORPORATE (Form a corporation), verb affiliate, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: incorrigible child, incorrigible juvenile
begin a corporation, charter, confer a corporate franchise delinquent, multiple offender
upon, confer corporate status upon, create a corporation,
establish a corporation, form a company, initiate a corpora- INCORRUPTIBLE, adjective above suspicion, blame-
tion, inserere, organize a corporation, start a corporation less, dependable, ethical, faultless, guiltless, having integ-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: certificate of incorporation rity, high-principled, honest, honorable, impeccable, incor-
ruptus, inculpable, integer, irreproachable, just, meritorious,
INCORPORATE (Include), verb absorb, alloy, become moral, reliable, reputable, respectable, sanctus, scrupulous,
a component, become an ingredient, bring together, sinless, stanch, trustable, trustworthy, trusty, unable to be

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 INCREASE

bought, unblemished, unbribable, uncorrupt, unerring, un- complaint, crimination, decrial, denouncement, impeach-
impeachable, untarnishable, untreacherous, unvenal, up- ment, implication, imputation, imputation of wrongdoing,
right, virtuous inculpation, indictment, recrimination, reproach, reproach-
ful accusation
INCREASE, verb abound, accrue, accumulate, add on, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: Fifth Amendment, incriminating ad-
add to, aggrandize, amplificare, amplify, annex, appreci- mission, incriminating circumstance, incriminating state-
ate, augment, become larger, become greater, boost, ment, privilege against self-incrimination, privileges and
branch out, broaden, build, burgeon, crescere, develop, immunities, self-incrimination
dilatare, dilate, enlarge, escalate, expand, extend, flourish, FOREIGN PHRASES: Accusare nemo se debet. No one is bound
gain, gain ground, gliscere, greaten, grow, inflate, lengthen, to accuse himself.
make greater, make larger, maximize, mount, multiply,
progress, proliferate, prolong, protract, pullulate, raise, INCRIMINATORY, adjective accusatory, accusing,
rise, skyrocket, spread, step up, stretch, supplement, blaming, charging with guilt, condemnatory, condemning,
surge, swell, thrive, widen convicting, criminative, criminatory, damaging, damna-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: increase in value, increased cost, in- tory, damning, defamatory, denunciatory, disparaging,
creased hazard, increased risk, increased valuation establishing guilt, harming, implicating, implicative, impli-
catory, imputative, imputing blame, inculpatory, involving
INCREDIBLE, adjective absurd, beyond belief, doubtful, in guilt
hard to believe, hardly credible, implausible, impossible, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: incriminatory admission, incriminatory
improbable, inconceivable, incredibilis, nonsensical, open statement, incriminatory testimony
to doubt, open to suspicion, preposterous, ridiculous, stag-
gering, suspect, suspicious, unbelievable, unconvincing, INCUBATE, verb appear, arise, become distinct, breed,
unimaginable, unlikely, unthinkable develop, give form to, grow, materialize, mature, nurture,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: incredible statements, incredible testi- produce, take form, transforming
mony
INCULCATE, verb convince, direct, discipline, educate,
INCREDULITY, noun amazement, denial, disbelief, dis- guide, imbue, implant, impress, impress by repeated state-
credit, distrust, distrustfulness, doubt, doubtfulness, dubi- ment, impress upon the mind, imprint, inculcare, indoctri-
ety, dubiousness, faithlessness, inability to accept, inability nate, infix, infuse, inspire, instill, instruct, lecture, plant,
to believe, inconvincability, incredulousness, indisposition preach, prelect, press, propagandize, sermonize, teach,
to admit, indisposition to believe, lack of belief, lack of faith, train, urge
mistrust, mistrustfulness, question, reluctance to believe,
skepticalness, skepticism, suspicion, suspiciousness, uncer- INCULPABLE, adjective above suspicion, blameless,
tainty, unwillingness to believe, want of faith entirely defensible, exculpable, faultless, free from fault,
free from guilt, guiltless, impeccable, innocens, innocent,
INCREDULOUS, adjective disposed to doubt, distrust- integer, irreprehensible, irreproachable, not blamable, not
ful, doubtful, doubting, dubious, hard to convince, incredu- guilty, pure, sanctus, sinless, unblamable, unblameworthy,
lus, indisposed to believe, mistrustful, questioning, skepti- uncorrupt, unerring, unimpeached, unreproached, unre-
cal, slow to believe, suspecting, suspicious, unbelieving, proved, virtuous
unconvinced, untrusting, unwilling to accept, without be-
lief, without faith, wondering INCULPATE, verb accuse, arraign, blame, bring to jus-
tice, charge, cite, criminate, impeach, implead, implicate,
INCREMENT, noun accretion, addition, augmentation, imply guilt, impute, incriminate, indict, institute proceed-
boost, enlargement, expansion, extension, gain, growth, ings, involve in blame, lodge a complaint, press charges,
increase, incrementum, raise, rise, supplement, surge prosecute, recriminate
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: unearned increment
INCULPATION, noun accusation, blame, charging with
INCRIMINATE, verb accuse, allege, ascribe, ascribe fault, charging with guilt, condemnation, crimination, de-
blame, assign, attribute, blame, bring accusation, bring nunciation, faultfinding, implication, imputation, incrimi-
charges against, bring proceedings against, bring up on nation
charges, cast blame upon, charge, charge with a crime, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: confessions, exculpatory statements,
charge with an offense, complaint against, condemn, con- inculpatory statements
nect with a crime, criminate, denounce, draw in, enmesh,
entangle, expose, find fault with, hold accountable, hold INCULPATORY, adjective accusative, accusatory, accus-
responsible, impeach, impedire, implicare, implicate, im- ing, blaming, charging with guilt, condemnatory, con-
pute, impute guilt to, inculpate, indict, inform against, in- demning, convicting, criminative, criminatory, damaging,
sinuate, involve, involve in criminal proceedings, involve in damnatory, damning, denouncing, denunciatory, disparag-
guilt, lay blame upon, lodge a complaint, make a party to, ing, establishing guilt, implicating, implicative, implicatory,
place the blame on, point the finger at, prefer charges, imputative, imputing blame, incriminating, incriminatory,
prosecute, providing evidence, providing information of a inculpating, injuring, involving in guilt
crime, proving, proving guilt, recriminate, stigmatize, sus- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: inculpatory admission, inculpatory
pectum reddere evidence, inculpatory facts, inculpatory statements
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: Fifth Amendment, incriminating ad-
mission, incriminating circumstance, incriminatory state- INCUMBENT, noun bureaucrat, commissioner, digni-
ment, Miranda warnings, self-incrimination tary, functionary, holder of an office, job holder, minister,
occupant of an office, officebearer, officeholder, officer, of-
INCRIMINATION, noun accusal, accusation, assigna- ficial, person in authority
tion, attribution, blame, calling to account, censure, charge, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: de facto incumbent, incumbent officer

342
 INDEFEASIBLE

INCUMBRANCE (Burden), noun deadweight, disadvan- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: indecent assault, indecent exposure,
tage, handicap, impediment, load, millstone, onus, oppres- indecent liberties, indecent publications, lewd and lascivi-
sion, weight ous conduct

INCUMBRANCE (Lien), noun commitment, liability, INDECENT, adjective abusive, atrocious, bawdy, cen-
imposition, obligation, restraint, title impairment surable, coarse, crude, debauched, degenerate, depraved,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: artisan’s lien, encumbrance upon prop- disreputable, dissolute, distasteful, embarrassing, foul,
erty, materialman’s lien gross, immodest, immoral, improper, impure, inappropri-
ate, indecorous, inelegant, lascivious, lecherous, lewd, lib-
INCUR, verb acquire, assume, bargain for, become lia- ertine, libidinous, licentious, lickerish, loose, lubricous,
ble for, become responsible for, bring on, bring upon one- lurid, lustful, noxious, objectionable, obnoxious, off-color,
self, contract, enter into, expose onself to, fall into, get, offensive, outrageous, perverted, pornographic, profane,
incurrere, lay oneself open to, meet with, run the chance, profligate, promiscuous, racy, reprehensible, repulsive,
undertake ribald, risqué, salacious, salty, scandalous, scatalogical,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: claim incurred, incur a debt, incur a li- scurrilous, shameful, shameless, suggestive, tawdry, unac-
ability, incur an obligation, incurred risk, incurring indebted- ceptable, unapt, unbecoming, unbefitting, unfitting, un-
ness, penalty incurred seemly, unsuitable, vile, vulgar, wanton, X-rated

INCUR COSTS, verb acknowledge the costs, answer for, INDECIPHERABLE, adjective abstract, abstruse, arcane,
assume liability for, be answerable for, be liable for, be re- baffling, blurred, complex, complicated, concealed, cryptic,
sponsible for, bear the expense, disburse, expend, lay out difficult, effaced, enigmatic, erased, esoteric, illegible, im-
for, outlay, pay the costs penetrable, incomprehensible, indistinct, indistinguishable,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: assessment of costs, bill of costs, inquest inexplicable, inextricable, inscrutable, intricate, involved,
mysterious, nebulous, oblique, obscure, puzzling, recon-
INCUR EXPENSES, verb assume liability for, be respon- dite, tangled, unclear, undecipherable, undistinguishable,
sible for, bear the expense, disburse, expend, outlay, pay unexplainable, unfathomable, unrecognizable, vague, veiled
for, pay the costs, pick up the tab
INDECISION, noun changeableness, dilemma, doubt,
INCURABLE, adjective beyond hope, beyond remedy, doubtfulness, dubiety, dubiousness, dubitancy, dubitatio,
deadly, difficult, fatal, grave, hopeless, inoperable, irre- dubitation, equivocalness, fickleness, fluctuation, haesita-
deemable, irremediable, irreparable, irretrievable, irrevers- tio, hesitancy, hesitation, inability to decide, incertitude,
ible, little hope, malignant, no hope, past hope, serious, inconstantia, indetermination, infirmity of purpose, insta-
terminal, terminal case, unsalvageable bility, irresoluteness, irresolution, lack of certainty, lack of
decision, oscillation, quandary, tendency to change the
INCURSION, noun advancement, aggression, assault, mind, tendency to waver, uncertainty, unsettled opinion,
attack, breach, encroachment, entrance, foray, forced entry, unsteadiness, unsureness, vacillation
hostile entrance, incursio, infiltration, influx, infringement,
ingress, ingression, inroad, introgression, intrusion, inva- INDECISIVE, adjective careful, cautious, changeable,
sion, irruption, onslaught, overrun, overstepping, penetra- circumspect, dubious, equivocal, fickle, hesitant, irreso-
tion, raid, rushing in, sortie, storm, violation lute, lacking leadership, noncommitted, oscillating, pru-
dent, unable to act, unable to decide, uncertain, uncer-
INDAGATION, noun analysis, audit, careful search, care- tainty, uncommitted, unsure, vacillating
ful study, challenge, check, close inquiry, dissection, exami-
nation, exhaustive inquiry, exhaustive study, exploration, INDEED, adverb above all, absolutely, actually, admit-
exploratory examination, inquest, inquiry, inquisition, in- tedly, affirmative, all the more, as a matter of fact, assur-
spection, interrogation, investigation, minute investigation, edly, by all manner of means, by all means, certainly,
narrow search, observation, perquisition, perscrutation, pe- chiefly, clearly, decidedly, decisively, definitely, demonstra-
rusal, probe, quest, questioning, research, review, rigorous bly, distinctly, dominantly, especially, first of all, for certain,
search, scrutation, scrutiny, search, searching investigation, for the most part, in chief, in effect, in fact, in point of fact,
strict examination, strict inquiry, strict search, study, sys- in reality, in the first place, in the main, in truth, indeed,
tematic search, test, trial mainly, manifestly, most assuredly, most certainly, mostly,
noticeably, observably, obviously, particularly, positively,
INDEBTED, adjective beholden, bound, bounden, de- precisely, predominantly, primarily, principally, surely, to
voted, encumbered, in arrears, in debt, legally obliged to be sure, truly, unequivocally, unmistakably, unquestion-
repay, obaeratus, obligated, obligatus, obliged, owing, ably, without a doubt
short of funds, thankful, unable to pay, under obligation
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: involuntary indebtedness, voluntary INDEFATIGABLE, adjective active, assiduous, avidity,
indebtedness busy, conscientious, determined, diligent, dogged, ener-
getic, industrious, inexhaustible, intense, laborious, meticu-
INDEBTEDNESS, noun arrearage, arrears, balance due lous, painstaking, patient, persevering, persistent, pertina-
outstanding debt, debt, delinquency, liability, obligation, cious, relentless, sedulous, slavish, spirited, steadfast,
outstanding balance, outstanding indebtedness, unpaid steady, strenuous, stubborn, tenacious, unabating, unfalter-
debt, unpaid indebtedness ing, unflagging, unflinching, unremitting, untiring, unwav-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bankruptcy laws, outstanding judgment ering, vigorous, weariless

INDECENCY, noun impropriety, indecorousness, in- INDEFEASIBLE, adjective binding, confirmed, en-
delicacy, obnoxiousness, tastelessness, unseemingliness, trenched, established, immutable, imperishable, impre-
untastefulness, vulgarity scriptible, in perpetuum ratus, inalienable, incapable of

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being defeated, incapable of being revoked, incontestable, INDEMNIFY, verb answer for, compensate, compensate
incontrovertible, indestructible, indissoluble, indubitable, for injury, compensate for loss, compensate for loss sus-
ineradicable, inextinguishable, insusceptible of change, in- tained, damnum restituere, damnum sarcire, give back,
transmutable, invariable, inviolable, irrefragable, irremov- give satisfaction, grant monetary compensation, guaran-
able, irreversible, irrevocable, nonreversible, not forfeitable, tee, insure, make good, make good against anticipated
not to be abrogated, not to be annulled, not to be made loss, make reparation, make restitution, make up, offer
void, permanent, reverseless, settled, unalterable, unchal- compensation, offer reparation, offer satisfaction, pay, pay
lengeable, unchangeable, undefeatable, undeniable, undis- back, pay compensation, pay reparations, recompense,
putable, unquestionable recompense for past loss, redeem, refund, reimburse, re-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: indefeasible estate, indefeasible inter- munerate, repay, requite, restore, return money paid out,
est, indefeasible title, indefeasibly vested save harmless, secure against damage, secure against loss
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: subrogate
INDEFENSIBLE, adjective accessible, assailable, capable
of being conquered, capable of being overcome, conquer- INDEMNITY, noun act of holding harmless, amends,
able, defenseless, exposed, helpless, inexcusable, inexpia- assurance against loss, compensation, full satisfaction, in-
ble, insupportable, pregnable, quod defendi non potest, demnification, lex oblivionis, payment, protection against
unfortified, unguarded, unjustifiable, unprotected, unten- loss, recompense, recoupment, redemption, refund, reim-
able, unwarrantable, vincible, vulnerable bursement, remuneration, repayment, requitement, restitu-
tion, restoration, return, security, security against damage,
INDEFINABLE, adjective abstruse, beyond expression, security against loss, setoff, vindication
confusing, cryptic, difficult to explain, difficult to translate, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: contract of indemnity, covenant of in-
difficult to understand, enigmatic, enigmatical, hard to ex- demnity, indemnity against liability, indemnity against loss,
plain, hard to translate, hard to understand, impenetrable, indemnity agreement, indemnity bond, indemnity insur-
impossible to explain, impossible to translate, impossible to ance, indemnity mortgage, indemnity policy, indemnity
understand, incomprehensible, indescribable, inexplicable, reinsurance, limitation of indemnity, subrogation
inexpressible, inscrutable, mysterious, obscure, opaque,
perplexing, puzzling, unaccountable, unclear, unfathom- INDEMONSTRABLE, adjective containing variables,
able, unplain, untranslatable doubting, equivocal, incalculable, indecisive, inexplicit, ir-
resolute, irresponsible, not ascertainable, not provable,
INDEFINITE, adjective alterable, ambiguous, ambiguus, skeptical, uncertain, unconfirmable, unconvinced, uncount-
amorphic, amorphous, barely seen, blurred, blurry, bound- able, unprovable, unsure, unverifiable
less, broad, changeable, cloudy, controvertible, cryptic, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: indemonstrable principles
debatable, dim, doubtful, dubious, dubius, enigmatic, enig-
matical, equivocal, evasive, faint, formless, ill-defined, im- INDENTURE, noun agreement, agreement to work, ap-
perspicuous, imprecise, in doubt, incertus, indecisive, inde- prenticeship agreement, arrangement, commitment, com-
terminate, indistinct, indistinguishable, inexact, inexplicit, pact, contract, contract to work, contractual obligation,
mysterious, nondescript, nonspecific, not positive, not contractual statement, covenant, deed of agreement, in-
sharp, obscure, opaque, open to question, oracular, ques- strument, mutual agreement, mutual undertaking, pact,
tionable, shapeless, subject to change, suppositional, theo- pactum, stipulation, undertaking
retical, unascertained, unbounded, uncertain, unclear, un-
decided, undefined, undetermined, undiscernible, unexact, INDENTURED, adjective apprenticed, articled, bound
unintelligible, unlimited, unresolved, unsettled, unspeci- by agreement, bound by contract, contracted, engaged,
fied, unstable, unsure, untold, vague enslaved, obligated, obliged, promised, tied down, under
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: indefinite contract, indefinite failure of obligation
issue, indefinite liability, indefinite sentence ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: indentured apprentice

INDELIBLE, adjective changeless, deep, deep-felt, du- INDEPENDENCE, noun authority, authorization, auton-
rable, enduring, fadeless, fast, firm, fixed, fixed in the omy, delegation, disassociation, disconnection, emancipa-
mind, haunting, immovable, immutable, imperishable, tion, freedom, liberty, license, not controlled, prerogative,
impressed on the mind, incapable of being deleted, indefea- privilege, self-determination, self-direction, sovereignty,
sible, indelibilis, indestructible, indissoluble, ineffaceable, in- unencumbered, unrestraint, unshackled
eradicable, inerasable, inextinguishable, ingrained, insoluble,
irremovable, irreversible, irrevocable, keen, lasting, memo- INDEPENDENT, adjective autarkic, autonomous, de-
rable, nagging, never to be erased from the mind, never to tached, disconnected, dissociated, free, freelance, irrelative,
be forgotten, nonperishable, penetrating, permanent, perse- liber, masterless, neutral, nonpartisan, self-governing, self-
vering, persistent, persisting, pervading, pervasive, piercing, reliant, self-subsistent, self-supporting, solutus, sovereign,
plaguing, poignant, profound, recurrent, reverseless, rooted, unaffiliated, unallied, unassociated, unattached, unbound,
sempiternus, stable, stamped on one’s memory, steadfast, unbridled, unchecked, uncommitted, unconnected, uncon-
unalterable, unchangeable, undestroyable, unerasable, un- quered, uncontrolled, uncurbed, unencumbered, un-
fading, unforgettable, unforgotten, unyielding, vivid enslaved, unenthralled, unfettered, unhindered, uninflu-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: indeligible public interests in prop- enced, unreined, unshackled, unsubjected, unvanquished
erty, indeligible ruse ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: independent advice, independent
agreement, independent cause, independent contractor, in-
INDEMNIFICATION, noun amends, compensation, dependent covenant, independent duty, independent negli-
indemnity, monetary remuneration, payment, recompense, gence, independent tortfeasor, independently established
redemption, reimbursement, remuneration, reparation, re- FOREIGN PHRASES: Illud quod alteri unitur extinguitur
payment, requital, requitement, restitution, restoration, neque amplius per se vacare licet. That which is united to
return, satisfaction another is extinguished, nor can it be independent.

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INDESCRIBABLE, adjective astonishing, astronomical, prognostic, representation, representative, sign, signal,

beyond words, dazzling, delightful, extraordinary, incom- signature, signboard, stamp, suggestion, symbol, symptom,
municable, inconceivable, incredible, indefinite, inexpress- token, trademark, visible token, watchword
ible, miraculous, nondescript, off the charts, remarkable,
striking, stunning, unheard of, unspeakable, unusual, won- INDICATE, verb advert to, allude to, augur, be a sign of,
derful, wondrous be a token of, bespeak, betoken, brief, call attention to,
connote, convey, direct, direct attention to, evidence,
INDESTRUCTIBILITY, noun aplomb, ceaselessness, evince, express briefly, express generally, foretoken, give a
changelessness, constancy, continuance, continuity, dura- signal, guide, highlight, hint, imply, index, indicare, insinu-
bility, durableness, endlessness, endurance, eternalness, ate, intimate, make necessary, make needed, mark out,
everlastingness, immortality, immutability, imperishability, point out, point to, portend, presage, show, signal, signal-
indefeasibility, indelibility, indissolubility, ineradicableness, ize, significare, signify, sketch, stand for, suggest, touch on
inerasableness, insusceptibility to change, interminability,
lastingness, permanence, perpetuity, stability, steadiness, INDICATION, noun allusion, augury, auspice, badge,
unalterability, unchangeability brand, clue, connotation, cue, emblem, evidence, evince-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: indestructible trust ment, exponent, foretoken, guide, hint, implication, index,
indicant, indicator, indicium, innuendo, insinuation, intima-
INDESTRUCTIBLE, adjective abiding, durable, endless, tion, mark, marker, mention, monition, note, omen, pointer,
enduring, everlasting, fadeless, hardy, imperishable, inde- portent, premonitor, premonitory sign, presage, prognostic,
feasible, indelible, indissoluble, ineffaceable, inerasable, in- prompt, reference, sign, signal, significatio, signpost, sug-
extinguishable, insusceptible, invulnerable, irrevocable, last- gestion, symbol, symptom, token, trace, vestigium, warning
ing, nonperishable, perennial, permanent, perpetual,
perpetuus, persevering, persisting, quod everti non potest, INDICATOR, noun attestant, attester, augury, auspice,
reliable, sturdy, tenacious, tough, undestroyable, undying, badge, beacon, clue, cue, emblem, ensign, flag, foreshadow-
unfading, unyielding ing, harbinger, herald, hint, index, informant, informer, land-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: indestructible trust mark, mark, note, pointer, precursor, prognostic, semaphore,
sign, stamp, symbol, symptom, token, warning, witness
INDETERMINATE, adjective ambiguous, anceps, bound-
less, cryptic, dubius, endless, equivocal, featureless, fluctu- INDICIA, noun characteristic marks, characteristics, evi-
ant, fluid, formless, hazy, ill-defined, immeasurable, in a dence, expressions, features, hints, indications, manifesta-
state of uncertainty, in doubt, inarticulated, incalculable, in- tions, marks, means of recognition, signs, symbols, tokens
certus, inconclusive, indefinite, indistinct, infinite, intermi- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: indicia of ownership
nable, limitless, measureless, nonspecific, not ascertained,
not designated, not fixed, not fixed in extent, not made INDICT, verb accuse, blame, bring a formal accusation
certain, not particularly designated, not precise, not settled, against, call to account, charge, charge with offense, charge
obscure, open, open to question, shapeless, speculative, with the commission of a crime, formally charge, formally
termless, unbounded, uncertain, unclear, undecided, unde- charge with a crime, implicate, incriminate, inculpate,
fined, unfathomable, unfixed, unlimited, unmeasured, unor- lodge a complaint, make formal accusation against, nomen
dered, unresolved, unsettled, unspecified, vague, without deferre, prefer charges
bound, without end, without limit, without measure
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: indeterminate damages, indeterminate INDICTMENT, noun accusal, accusatio, accusation,
penalty, indeterminate punishment, indeterminate sentence allegation, castigation, charge, complaint, crimen, dela-
tion, denunciation, formal accusation, grand jury’s accu-
INDETERMINATION, noun ambiguousness, blurred sation, libellus, main charge, presentment, reproach,
line, blurry line, borderline decision, boundless variables, written accusation
clouded choices, confusion, doubtfulness, equivocalness, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: arraignment, counts of an indictment,
immeasurable choices, imprecise, in a state of uncertainty, in felony complaint, felony information, grand jury, indictable
doubt, inconclusiveness, indefiniteness, indefinity, indeter- offense, motion to quash, no true bill, plea, presentment,
minateness, indistinctness, inexactness, inexplicitness, infi- true bill
niteness, interminableness, lacking specificity, limitless-
ness, nebulousness, obscurity, speculation, uncertainness INDIFFERENCE, noun aloofness, apathy, blankness,
coldness, coolness, detachment, disinterestedness, disre-
INDEX (Catalog), noun earmark, enumeration, indicant, gard, impassiveness, imperturbability, inattention, incon-
indicator, list, listing, listing of contents, mark, sign sideration, insouciance, laxity, lukewarmness, neglect,
negligence, nonchalance, nonobservance, unconcern
INDEX (Docket), verb categorize, codify, file, submit
INDIFFERENT, adjective aloof, callous, casual, derelict,
INDEX (Gauge), noun measure, guide, scale disinterested, dispassionate, distant, fair, faithless, heed-
less, impartial, impassible, imperfect, impervious, inactive,
INDEX (Relate), verb catalog, class, classify, document, inappreciable, inattentive, inconsequential, incurious, in-
enumerate, group, inventory, itemize, list, specify, record, sensate, insignificant, insipid, insouciant, languid, lax, list-
supply or furnish with reference less, marginal, mediocre, middling, moderate, negligent,
neutral, nonchalant, not caring, obdurate, oblivious, ordi-
INDICANT, noun augury, auspice, badge, beacon, nary, otiose, passable, passive, perfunctory, phlegmatic,
brand, caution, characteristic, cipher, clue, cue, diagnostic, poor, reckless, remiss, slipshod, thoughtless, tolerable, un-
emblem, ensign, example, exponent, figure, flag, foretoken, biased, unconcerned, uninquisitive, uninterested, unjaun-
hint, implication, index, indication, indicator, landmark, diced, unmindful, unprejudiced, unresponsive, usual, vapid
manifestation, mark, note, omen, pointer, portent, presage, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: disinterested party, impartiality

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INDIGENCE, noun bare subsistence, dearth, destitution, impudens, poor judgment, rashness, recklessness, slip,
egestas, embarrassment, impecuniosity, impoverishment, in- tactlessness, thoughtlessness, uncircumspection, unwari-
opia, insolvency, insufficiency, insufficient income, mendici- ness, unwiseness
tas, narrow means, necessitousness, need, neediness, needy
circumstances, pauperism, pennilessness, penury, poor cir- INDISCRIMINATE, adjective blanket, broad, compre-
cumstances, poorness, poverty, privation, scarcity, want hensive, designless, haphazard, immethodical, not choosy,
not selective, orderless, promiscuous, promiscuus, ran-
INDIGNATION, adjective adversarial, adverse, anti- dom, systemless, unaimed, uncritical, undifferentiating,
thetical, at odds, averse, dead set against, differing, dis- undirected, unmethodical, unorganized, unparticular, un-
agreeing, disinclined, fractious, hesitant, hostile, not feeling specific, unsystematic
like, not in favor of, not in the mood, not inclined, obdurate,
opposed, queasy, recalcitrant, reluctant, resistant, righ- INDISPENSABLE, adjective basic, called for, cardinal,
teousness, squeamish, unwilling central, compulsory, critical, crucial, dictated, essential,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: inequality and indignation, moral in- exigent, fundamental, high-priority, imperative, important,
dignation, righteous indignation imposed, integral, irreplaceable, key, main, major, manda-
tory, necessarius, necessary, necessitated, needed, obliga-
INDIRECT, adjective allusive, ambagious, backhanded, tory, of importance, pivotal, pressing, primary, required,
circuitous, circumambulating, circumlocutory, covert, requisite, significant, unavoidable, urgent, vital, wanted
crooked, desultory, deviating, deviatory, devious, devius, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: indispensable evidence, indispensable
digressing, digressive, excursive, hidden, implicit, labyrin- parties
thine, meandering, non rectus, oblique, obliquus, out of the
way, periphrastic, periphrastical, rambling, roundabout, ser- INDISPENSABLE PARTY, noun added party, compulsory
pentine, sidelong, sinuous, tacit, tortuose, turning, twisting, defendant, compulsory party, critical added party, essential
understood, unexpressed, vagrant, wandering, winding, party, imperative party, mandatory party, obligatory party,
zigzag required party, requisite party, vital party
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: indirect benefit, indirect evidence, in- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: indispensable party to an action, mo-
direct interest, indirect notice, indirect result, indirect tax, tion to dismiss for failure to join an indispensable party
indirect testimony
INDISPOSED, adjective adverse, antipathetic to, at log-
INDIRECTION (Deceitfulness), noun concealment of gerheads to, at odds, averse, dead set against, differing,
truth, cozenage, craft, craftiness, cunning, deceit, decep- disagreeing, disinclined, fractious, hesitant, hostile, loath,
tion, deviousness, dishonesty, disingenuity, disingenuous- obdurate, opposed, out of commission, out of order, out of
ness, dissimulation, duplicity, falsehood, falseness, fraud, sorts, recalcitrant, reluctant, resistant
fraudulency, guile, hypocrisy, improbity, insincerity, in-
trigue, lack of candidness, lack of conscience, lack of pro- INDISPUTABLE, adjective absolute, apodictic, assured,
bity, mendaciousness, mendacity, obliqueness, obliquity, authoritative, axiomatic, believable, beyond a shadow of a
perfidiousness, perfidy, perversion of truth, pretense, pre- doubt, beyond dispute, categorical, certain, clear, conclu-
varication, slyness, underhandedness, unstraightforward- sive, decided, decisive, definite, definitive, demonstrable,
ness, untrustworthiness, untruthfulness demonstrated, determinate, evident, explicit, factual, im-
pregnable, inappealable, incontestable, incontrovertible, in-
INDIRECTION (Indirect action), noun aberrance, aber- defeasible, indisputable, indubious, indubitable, infallible,
rancy, circuitous action, circuitous route, circuitousness, irrefutable, manifest, obvious, official, palpable, positive,
circuity, circumflexion, circumlocution, crookedness, de- proven, real, reliable, self-evident, solid, unassailable, un-
parture, deviation, deviousness, digression, divagation, conditional, undeniable, undisputed, undoubting, unequiv-
obliquation, obliqueness, obliquity, periphrasis, roundabout ocal, unimpeachable, unmistakable, unmitigated, unquali-
action, roundaboutness, straying, swerve, unstraightfor- fied, unquestionable, unrefutable, unreserved, unshakable,
ward action, zigzag well-founded

INDISCERNIBLE, adjective camouflaged, concealed, INDISTINCT, adjective ambiguous, blurred, blurry, cryp-
delitescent, disguised, evanescent, hidden, impalpable, tic, delitescent, dim, dusky, enigmatic, enigmatical, faded,
imperceptible, inconspicuous, indistinguishable, invisible, faint, filmy, foggy, half-seen, hazy, ill-defined, illegible, im-
screened, unapparent, unbeholdable, undiscoverable, un- perceptible, inaudible, incomprehensible, indistinguishable,
noticeable, unperceivable, unrecognizable, unregarded, lacking clarity, lacking precision, misty, muffled, mysterious,
unseeable, veiled nebulous, nubilous, obscurus, out of focus, parum clarus,
perplexus, smoky, unclear, undecipherable, undefined, unin-
INDISCREET, adjective careless, culpable, hasty, telligible, unplain, unrecognizable, vague, weak
heedless, ill-judged, impetuous, impolitic, improvident,
imprudent, impulsive, incautious, inconsiderate, indiscrimi- INDISTINCTNESS, noun blur, blurriness, delites-
nating, inexpedient, injudicious, inopportune, lacking pru- cence, delitescency, dimness, dullness, faintness, filmi-
dence, misadvised, precipitate, thoughtless, uncritical, un- ness, fog, fogginess, fuzziness, gloom, grayness, haziness,
discerning, unpolitic, unprofessional, unreflecting, imperceptibility, inaudibility, indefiniteness, indistinguish-
unselective, unsensible, unsound, unthinking, unwise ability, mistiness, murkiness, mysteriousness, nebulosity,
obscuration, obscurity, opacity, paleness, poor visiblity,
INDISCRETION, noun blunder, carelessness, error, ill shadow, shadowiness, smokiness, unclearness, unplain-
judgment, impoliticness, imprudence, impudentia, incau- ness, vagueness
tion, incautiousness, incircumspection, injudiciousness, lack
of circumspection, lack of consideration, lack of judgment, INDISTINGUISHABLE, adjective alike, balanced, co-
misconduct, misjudgment, misstep, mistake, offense, os equal, coincident, coinciding, collateral, comparable,

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corresponding, duplicate, equal, equivalent, exact, exactly lazy, leaden, lethargic, listless, loafing, motionless, negli-
alike, exactly the same, hard to make out, homogeneous, gent, otiose, passive, phlegmatic, procrastinative, shiftless,
identical, indiscernible, interchangeable, like, matching, slack, slothful, sluggish, stagnant, supine, torpid, unenter-
similar, uniform, without distinction prising

INDIVIDUAL, adjective detached, deviating, different, INDOMITABLE, adjective bold, brave, courageous,
differentiated, discrete, disjoined, disjunct, distinct, distinc- dauntless, defiant, determined, doughty, energetic, fear-
tive, distinguishable, exceptional, extracted, extraordinary, less, firm, forceful, forcible, formidable, hardy, impregna-
independent, individualized, isolated, nonconforming, ble, incapable of being subdued, indefatigable, indocile,
nonuniform, particular, proprius, rare, separate, separated, indomitus, inextinguishable, insuperable, insurmountable,
single, singular, singularis, sole, solitary, special, unallied, intractable, invictus, invincible, irrepressible, irresistible,
unannexed, unassimilated, unassociated, unattached, un- masterful, omnipotent, overpowering, overwhelming,
classifiable, uncommon, unconnected, unconventional, un- persevering, plucky, potent, powerful, puissant, quench-
imitated, unique, unjoined, unrelated, unusual less, recalcitrant, redoubtable, refractory, resisting, resist-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: individual capacity, individual causes less, resolute, resolved, solid, sound, stable, stalwart,
of action, individual damages, individual debts, individual stanch, stiff, stout, strong, stubborn, tough, unbeatable,
liability unconquerable, undaunted, unflinching, ungovernable,
unmanageable, unquenchable, unruly, unshrinking, un-
INDIVIDUAL, noun autonomous being, being, body, subduable, unsubmissive, unwavering, unyielding, val-
character, distinct indivisible entity, human being, individu- iant, vigorous
ality, integer, monad, monas, one, organism, particular
one, party, person, person full of character, personage, INDORSE, verb accredit, acquiesce in, advocate, af-
personality firm, allow, assent to, assist, authenticate, authorize, certify,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: individual capacity, individual liabil- commend, concur in, confirm, confirm officially, consent to,
ity, individual property, individual rights consignare, cosign, countenance, countersign, encourage,
guarantee, initial, inscribe one’s signature, lend one’s name
INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS, noun authority, authorization, to, make valid, praestare, ratify, recommend, sanction,
basic rights, civil rights, constitutional rights, fundamental second, sign, sign one’s name on, stand by, subscribe to,
rights, inalienable rights, just claims, justification, legal support, sustain, undersign, underwrite, uphold, validate,
power, power, privilege, right, sanction, vested interest vouch for
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: freedom, individualism, Libertarianism ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: indorse a check, indorse a note, in-
dorse a warrant, indorse an instrument
INDIVIDUALISM, noun attribute, badge, brand,
character, characteristic, credentials, differential, disposi- INDORSEMENT, noun acceptance, accord, acquies-
tion, distinctive feature, earmark, feature, identity, idio- cence, adfirmatio, affirmance, agreement, approbation,
syncrasy, independence, individuality, leaning, linea- approval, assent, authorization, backing, certification,
ment, mark, nature, originality, particularity, peculiarity, championship, compliance, comprobatio, concurrence,
personality, property, quality, self-determination, self- confrmatio, confirmation, consent, encouragement,
identity, singularity, specialty, temperament, tendency, esteem, favor, liking, partisanship, permission, ratifica-
trait, type tion, sanction, sponsorship, stamp of approval, support,
warrant
INDIVIDUALITY, noun being, character, characteristic, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: conditional indorsement, indorse-
curiosity, definiteness, diagnostic, difference, distinction, ment for collection, indorsement in blank, indorsement in
eccentricity, entity, feature, identity, idiosyncrasy, individ- due course, indorsement of an instrument, indorsement
ual, integrality, mannerism, nonconformity, oneness, origi- without recourse, subsequent indorsement
nality, particularity, peculiarity, person, personality, prop-
erty, quirk, singleness, singularity, specialty, specific quality, INDUBIOUS, adjective absolute, ascertained, assured,
temperament, trait, uniqueness attested, certain, confident, convinced, definite, demon-
strable, demonstrated, doubtless, factual, foolproof, guar-
INDIVISIBLE, adjective close, impartible, incapable anteed, incontestable, irrefutable, official, past dispute,
of being divided, incapable of being separated, indis- positive, safe, satisfied, sure, tested, tried, uncontested,
cerptible, individuus, inseparable, inseverable, nondivisi- undeniable, undoubtful, unequivocal, unshakable, verifi-
ble, one, tenacious, unbreakable, undividable, united, able, without doubt, without question
unsunderable
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: indivisible contract, indivisible injury, INDUCE, verb actuate, adducere, affect, be responsi-
indivisible ownership of property ble, begin, bring, bring about, bring on, bring to pass, call
forth, cause, coax, conduce, convince, create, develop,
INDOCTRINATE, verb beat into, beat into the head, drive, effect, effectuate, encourage, enlist, entice, exercise
brainwash, brainwash with propaganda, convert, convince, influence over, generate, goad, hasten, impel, impellere,
drill into, drum into, get into the head of, imbue, implant, incite, inducere, influence, inspire, instigate, inveigle, kin-
impregnate, impress upon the mind, inculcate, indoctri- dle, lead one to, lure, motivate, move, obtain, occasion,
nate, infect, infix, influence, infuse, ingrain, instill, persuade, originate, persuade, precipitate, prevail on, prevail upon,
pound into head, program, subvert, train, urge, win over produce, prompt, propel, provoke, rouse, spur, stimulate,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: indoctrinating jurors sway, talk into, urge
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: fraud in inducement, induce to sign a
INDOLENT, adjective apathetic, cunctative, deses, dila- contract, inducement, inducing a breach of contract, induc-
tory, idle, ignavus, inactive, indifferent, indisposed to ac- ing perjury, inducing trade, libel, material inducement,
tion, iners, lackadaisical, lacking vigor, laggard, languid, lax, undue influence

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INDUCEMENT, noun allurement, attraction, blandish- INDUSTRY (Business), noun enterprise, establishment,
ment, causa, cause, consideration, drive, encouragement, manufacture, mercantile business, métier, production, pro-
enticement, exhortation, fillip, goad, incitamentum, incita- fession, pursuit, trade, undertaking, work
tion, incitement, influence, inlecebra, inspiration, instiga- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: engage in industry, industrywide
tion, persuasion, persuasiveness, pressure, prompting, contract
provocation, provocative, stimulant, stimulater, stimula-
tion, stimulative, stimulus, urging INEBRIATION, noun alcoholism, bacchanalianism,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: fraud in the inducement, inducement bibulosity, bibulousness, dipsomania, drunkenness, ebrie-
to purchase, material inducement tas, inebriety, influence of liquor, insobriety, intemperance,
intoxication, potation
INDUCT, verb admit, appoint, assign, bring in, call up, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: driving while intoxicated, drunken
commission, conscript, delegate, employ, engage, give driving, under the influence of alcohol
entrance to, impress, inaugurare, inaugurate, initiate, in-
stall, instate, introduce, introduce into office, invest, li- INEFFABLE, adjective amazing, astounding, awe-inspir-
cense, name, nominate, ordain, place in office, post, pre- ing, awesome, beyond expression, beyond words, fearful,
pare, recruit, start up, usher in great, impossible to describe, impossible to express, in-
communicable, inconceivable, incredible, incredibilis, inde-
INDULGE, verb accommodate, acquiesce, allow, bear finable, indescribable, inexpressible, infandus, marvelous,
with, do a favor, do service for, endure, entertain, favor, miraculous, mysterious, nameless, not explainable, not ex-
flatter, fulfill, give in to, give license to, go along with, pressible, not to be spoken, overwhelming, sacred, splen-
humor, jumps into, minister to, pamper, pander to, permit, did, staggering, strange, terrific, unable to be expressed,
satiate, satisfy, spoil, tolerate, yield to unable to be spoken, undefinable, unheard, unimaginable,
unmentionable, unnamable, unpronounceable, unspeak-
INDULGENCE, noun accordance, acquiescence, allow- able, untranslatable, unutterable
ance, approval, benevolence, benignitas, clearance, clem- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: ineffable accident
ency, compassion, favor, forgiveness, generosity, generous-
ness, grant, gratification, gratification of desire, humoring, INEFFECTIVE, adjective abortive, barren, disabled, ef-
inabstinence, indulgentia, leave, lenience, leniency, lenity, fete, emasculated, feckless, feeble, figurehead, fruitless, fu-
license, magnanimity, obligingness, pampering, pardon, tile, gainless, good for nothing, impotent, inadequate, in-
patience, permission, quarter, sanction, sufferance, toler- competent, indecisive, ineffectual, inefficacious, inept,
ance, toleration, venia, vouchsafement inoperative, insufficient, inutile, inutilis, invalid, invalidus,
lame, neutralized, nugatory, null, powerless, profitless, ster-
INDURATE, adjective become fixed, become hardened, ile, unauthoritative, unavailing, unfruitful, uninfluential,
calcify, callous, chilled, cold, concrete, conditioned, hard, unoperative, unproductive, unprofitable, unserviceable,
harden, hardened, ossified, petrified, rigid, toughen, un- unsuccessful, useless, vain, void, weak, withered, without
yielding, vitreous, vitrify effect, without weight, worthless
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: ineffective restriction
INDUSTRIAL, adjective automated, commercial, en-
gaged in business, engaged in traffic, factory-made, indus- INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL, noun defi-
trialized, machine-made, manufactural, manufactured, cient performance by counsel resulting in prejudice, incom-
manufactured for sale, mass-produced, mechanical, mech- petent representation, ineffective representation, legally
anized, mercantile, relating to traffic, standardized, techni- insufficient representation, representation below acceptable
cal, technological standards, unreasonably poor legal representation
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: industrial accident, industrial board, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: Sixth Amendment Assistance of
industrial commission, industrial disease, industrial dispute, Counsel Clause, legal malpractice
industrial insurance, industrial uses
INEFFECTUAL, adjective abortive, barren, effete,
INDUSTRIOUS, adjective active, adsiduus, aggres- emasculated, feckless, feeble, figurehead, fruitless, futile,
sive, ardent, assiduous, busily engaged, busy, dedicated, gainless, good for nothing, idle, impotent, inadequate, in-
determined, devoted, diligent, eager, earnest, energetic, competent, indecisive, ineffective, inefficacious, inept, in-
enthusiastic, hard working, indefatigable, industrius, intent, operative, insufficient, inutile, inutilis, invalid, invalidus,
laborious, never idle, operose, painstaking, persevering, lame, neutralized, nugatory, null, powerless, profitless,
persistent, purposeful, sedulous, sedulus, sleepless, stead- sterile, unauthoritative, unavailing, unempowered, unfruit-
fast, steady, studious, tenacious, thorough, tireless, unceas- ful, uninfluential, unoperative, unproductive, unprofitable,
ing, undeviating, unfaltering, unflagging, unrelaxing, unre- unserviceable, unsuccessful, useless, vain, void, weak,
mitting, unsleeping, unswerving, untiring, unwavering, withered, without effect, without weight, worthless
unyielding, zealous
INEFFICACIOUS, adjective barren, feeble, for naught,
INDUSTRY (Activity), noun adsiduitas, alacrity, appli- futile, idle, impotent, inadequate, incapable, incompe-
cation, ardor, assiduity, assiduousness, attention, bustle, tent, ineffective, ineffectual, inefficient, inept, infertile,
busyness, constancy, determination, devotedness, devo- inutile, profitless, sterile, to no avail, to no purpose, unavail-
tion, diligence, diligentia, drive, dynamism, eagerness, ing, unproductive, unprofitable, unrewarding, unsuccess-
earnestness, effort, employment, endeavor, endurance, ful, unyielding, valueless, weak, worthless
energy, enterprise, enthusiasm, exertion, hard work, inde-
fatigability, industria, intentness, labor, laboriousness, oc- INEFFICACY, noun disability, disablement, failure,
cupation, perseverance, persistence, pursuance, pursuit, feebleness, forcelessness, helplessness, impotence, inabil-
sedulity, sedulousness, steadfastness, stir, strenuousness, ity, inadequacy, incapability, incapacitation, incapacity, in-
tenacity, toil, vigor, vim, work, zeal, zealousness competence, incompetency, ineffectiveness, ineffectuality,

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ineffectualness, inefficaciousness, inefficiency, insufficiency, discrepancy, disparity, disproportion, disproportionate-

lack of power, lack of strength, powerlessness, unfruitful- ness, dissimilarity, dissimilitude, dissimilitudo, dissonance,
ness, unskillfulness, weakness distinction, divergence, diversity, imbalance, imparity, in-
aequalitas, incompatibility, incongruity, incongruousness,
INEFFICIENT, adjective abortive, careless, counterpro- inconsistency, inconsonance, injustice, irregularity, lack of
ductive, disorganized, feckless, fruitless, futile, hamstrung, equality, lack of symmetry, nonconformity, nonuniformity,
improvident, incompetent, ineffectual, inefficacious, ineffi- partiality, prejudice, unbalance, unconformity, unevenness,
cient, inept, inexpedient, limited, pointless, prodigal, prof- unfairness, unlikeness, ununiformity, variance, variation
itless, unavailing, unproductive, unprofitable, unqualified,
unsuccessful, useless, weak, worthless INEQUITABLE, adjective discriminatory, favoring, one-
sided, partial, partisan, prejudiced, unbalanced, uneven,
INELEGANT, adjective awkward, base, boorish, churl- unfair, unjust, weighted
ish, cloddish, coarse, common, crass, crude, earthy, grace-
less, gross, homely, homespun, ill-bred, ill-mannered, im- INEQUITY, noun bias, biased judgment, bigotry, dis-
proper, in bad taste, indecorous, indelicate, inelegans, crimination, disproportion, favor, favoritism, foregone con-
inurbanus, invenustus, lacking elegance, lacking good clusion, foul play, inequitableness, injustice, intolerance,
taste, lacking grace, lacking refinement, low, offensive, leaning, miscarriage of justice, one-sidedness, partiality,
ribald, rough, rude, rustic, tasteless, uncourtly, uncouth, partisanism, partisanship, preapprehension, preconceived
uncultivated, uncultured, undignified, ungainly, ungenteel, idea, preconceived notion, preconception, predilection,
ungraceful, unkempt, unmannerly, unpolished, unrefined, preference, preferential treatment, prejudgment, preju-
unseemly, untasteful, vulgar, without taste dice, prenotion, prepossession, presentiment, presump-
tion, undetachment, undispassionateness, undueness, un-
INELIGIBLE, adjective cast out, disallowed, disapproved, fairness, unjust decision, unjustness
disentitled, disqualified, eliminated, excluded, expelled, im-
proper, inadmissible, inappropriate, inapt, inopportunus, INERTIA, noun apathy, dormancy, dullness, firmness,
kept out, not considered, not eligible, objectionable, out of immobility, immobilization, immovability, inability to act,
the question, outcast, rejected, unacceptable, unadapted, inaction, inactivity, indecision, indisposition to move, indo-
unchosen, undesirable, unentitled, unequipped, unfit, unfit- lence, inertness, inexcitability, irresolution, lack of activity,
ted, unfitting, unqualified, unsuitable, unsuited, unwanted lack of motion, lack of movement, languor, lassitude, lazi-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: disability, ineligible to run for political ness, lethargy, lifelessness, motionlessness, negligence, os-
office citancy, paralysis, passiveness, passivity, quiescence, resis-
tance to change, rest, sloth, sluggishness, stagnation,
INEPT (Inappropriate), adjective absurd, at variance, bi- stupor, supineness, torpor, vegetation, want of activity,
zarre, clashing, discordant, discrepant, disproportionate, weariness
dissonant, ill-adapted, ill-advised, ill-suited, ill-timed, illogi-
cal, impolitic, improper, imprudent, inaccordant, inadmissi- INESCAPABLE, adjective absolute, cannot be avoided,
ble, inadvisable, inapplicable, inapposite, inapt, incompati- certain, destined, fated, fateful, for sure, inevasible, inexo-
ble, incongruent, incongruous, inconsistent, indecorous, rable, necessary, predestined, sure, unalterable, unavoid-
inexpedient, infelicitous, inharmonious, injudicious, inop- able, uncontrollable, uneluctable, unpreventable, unstop-
portune, insagacious, irreconcilable, jarring, ludicrous, mal- pable, unyielding
apropos, mismatched, misplaced, objectionable, out of ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: inescapable law, inescapable truths
character, out of keeping, out of place, out of proportion,
outrageous, preposterous, ridiculous, silly, unapt, unbecom- INESTIMABLE, adjective above all price, above all
ing, unbefitting, uncongenial, unconsonant, undesirable, value, above appraisal, beyond price, choice, costly, im-
undue, unfit, unfitting, unmeet, unqualified, unseasonable, measurable, immensurable, inaestimabilis, incalculable, in-
unseemly, unsuitable, unsuited, untimely, untoward, unwise finite, inimitable, invaluable, irreplaceable, matchless,
measureless, peerless, precious, priceless, rare, select, un-
INEPT (Incompetent), adjective awkward, blundering, equalled, unique, unmatched, unparalleled, unsurpassable,
bungling, clumsy, disqualified, foolish, ignorant, ill-qualified, valuable, without equal, without price
impotent, inadept, inadequate, inapt, incapable, incompe-
tent, ineffective, ineffectual, inefficacious, inefficient, in- INEVITABLE, adjective about to happen, approaching,
eptus, inexpert, lacking dexterity, lacking dexterousness, assured, at hand, brewing, certain, decided, definite, des-
lacking skill, maladroit, powerless, puerile, raw, unable, un- tined, determined, fated, fixed, following, foreordained,
adroit, unapt, unclever, undeft, unfacile, ungainly, unhandy, forthcoming, guaranteed, imminent, impending, in store, in
unproductive, unproficient, unqualified, unskillful, useless the offing, ineluctable, ineludible, inescapable, inevasible,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: incompetency of counsel, incompe- inevitabilis, looming, near, necessarius, next, ordained,
tent to contract, insanity, under the age of majority predestined, preordained, sure, sure to happen, to come,
unalterable, unavoidable, unchangeable, unfailing, unpre-
INEPTITUDE, noun fatuity, futility, impotence, impro- ventable, unquestionable
priety, impuissance, inability, inadequacy, inanity, inapti- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: inevitable accident, inevitable casu-
tude, inappropriateness, incapacity, incompetence, ineffi- alty, inevitable occurrence
cacy, inefficiency, inutility, stupidity, unfitness, uselessness,
worthlessness INEXACT, adjective ambiguous, approximate, ap-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: inadequacy of counsel, ineffective proximative, broad, careless, crude, erroneous, estimated,
counsel faulty, flawed, general, guessed, haud accuratus, hazy,
imperfect, imprecise, inaccurate, incorrect, loose, miscal-
INEQUALITY, noun asymmetry, bias, contrast, devia- culated, misfigured, misinterpreted, misreported, mis-
tion, difference, disaccord, disagreement, discrepance, stated, mistranslated, more or less, nearly accurate, nearly

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correct, rough, surmised, unclear, unmeticulous, unre- unacquainted, unadapted, unbusinesslike, unconversant,
vised, unscientific, unspecified, vague, without precision undeveloped, undisciplined, undrilled, unfamiliar, un-
fledged, unhabituated, uninformed, uninitiated, unlicensed,
INEXCUSABLE, adjective atrocious, blameworthy, brutal, unpracticed, unqualified, unripe, unschooled, unsea-
condemnable, cruel, disgraceful, flagitious, heinous, immoral, soned, unskilled, unsophisticated, untrained, untried, un-
incapable of being justified, incorrigible, indefensible, inexpi- tutored, unused, unversed, unworldly, verdant, without
able, irremissible, monstrous, objectionable, outrageous, quod experience, without knowledge, young, youthful
nihil excusationis habet, reprehensible, reprobate, shameful,
unallowable, unatonable, unforgivable, unjustifiable, unpar- INEXPIABLE, adjective base, blameworthy, censurable,
donable, unprincipled, unreasonable, unwarrantable, unwar- condemnable, disgraceful, evil, facinorous, flagitious, hei-
ranted, vicious, without defense, without excuse nous, indefensible, inexcusable, inexplicabilis, infamous,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: inexcusable conduct, inexcusable nefarious, reprehensible, scandalous, shameful, unallow-
delay, inexcusable neglect able, unatonable, unforgivable, unjustifiable, unpardonable,
unreasonable, vicious, villainous, virtueless, wicked, with-
INEXCUSABLE DELAY, noun default, dereliction, dilato- out defense, without excuse
riness, disregard, failure of duty, indifference, inobser-
vance, lack of diligence, laggardness, laxity, laxness, mal- INEXPLICABLE, adjective abstruse, acroamatic, ac-
feasance, neglect, neglectfulness, negligence, roamatical, acroatic, baffling, concealed, enigmatic, enig-
noncompliance, nonfeasance, nonobservance, nonperfor- matical, esoteric, hard to understand, hidden, impenetrable,
mance, prejudicial delay, procrastination, remissness, un- inapprehensible, incapable of being explained, incompre-
conscionable delay, undue delay, unexplained delay, un- hensible, indefinable, inexplicabilis, inscrutable, insoluble,
necessary prolongation, unreasonable delay insolvable, mysterious, mystic, mystical, obscure, occult,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: failure to litigate, laches paradoxical, puzzling, recondite, shrouded in mystery,
strange, unaccountable, undecipherable, undiscoverable,
INEXCUSABLE NEGLECT, noun breach of trust, careless unexplainable, unfamiliar, unintelligible, unknowable,
abandon, carelessness, delinquency, dereliction, disregard, unknown, unrecognizable
failure to care, heedlessness, idleness, inaction, inattention,
inattentiveness, indifference, inexcusable carelessness, INEXPRESSIVE, adjective apathetic, blank, character-
malfeasance, malignant oversight, nonfeasance, nonperfor- less, cold, deadpan, devoid of expression, dim, dull,
mance, omission, reckless absentmindedness, reckless- empty, enigmatic, enigmatical, expressionless, hardened,
ness, severe laxity, severe laxness, thoughtlessness, unfor- impassive, impenetrable, imperturbable, impervious, in-
givable abandonment comprehensible, inexplicable, inscrutable, lackluster, list-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: inexcusable neglect of duty, latches, less, meaningless, nebulous, nonsensical, obtuse, poker-
malpractice faced, puzzling, senseless, spiritless, stupid, trite,
unaffected, unanimated, undecipherable, unemotional, un-
INEXORABLE, adjective adamant, convinced, decided, fathomable, unintelligible, unmoved, vacant, vacuous,
determined, dogged, firm, headstrong, immovable, immu- vague, void
table, implacable, indomitable, inexorabilis, inflexible, in-
tractable, merciless, obdurate, obstinate, opinionated, opin- INEXPUGNABLE, adjective defensible, formidable,
ionative, persevering, persistent, persisting, pertinacious, hardy, immune, impenetrable, imperdible, impregnable,
pitiless, positive, relentless, resistant, resolute, resolved, indomitable, inexpugnabilis, inextinguishable, insuperable,
set, severe, steadfast, steady, sternly just, strong-minded, insurmountable, invincible, inviolable, invulnerable, irresist-
strong-willed, stubborn, tenacious, unalterable, unbending, ible, mighty, potent, powerful, protected, puissant, re-
unchanging, uncompassionate, uncompromising, uncon- doubtable, resistless, safe, secure, secure from capture,
trollable, unfaltering, unimpressible, unmanageable, unmer- strong, sturdy, tenable, unassailable, unattackable, unbeat-
ciful, unmovable, unmoved by entreaties, unpersuadable, able, unbreakable, unchallengeable, unconquerable, unsub-
unrelenting, unshaken, unwavering, unyielding, willful duable, unyielding

INEXPEDIENCE, noun disadvantage, disadvantageous- INEXTRICABLE, adjective adhering, attached, bound,

ness, folly, foolishness, imprudence, inadvisability, inappro- cohesive, combined, complex, complicated, compounded,
priateness, inexpediency, infelicity, injudiciousness, inoppor- confused, conjunct, connected, convoluted, embrangled,
tuneness, inutilitas, ludicrousness, rashness, senselessness, entangled, fast, fixed, immovable, impacted, indissoluble,
undesirability, undesirableness, unfitness, unfittingness, un- indivisible, inexplicabilis, inextricabilis, inseparable, in-
profitability, unsensibleness, unsoundness, unsuitability, un- severable, insoluble, intricate, involute, involuted, in-
thoughtfulness, untimeliness, unwiseness volved, irreducible, irremovable, jammed, joined, knotted,
labyrinthine, matted, mazy, mixed, raveled, snarled, stuck,
INEXPEDIENT, adjective confused, detrimental, fool- tangled, tangly, tied, turbid, twisted, wedged
hardy, foolish, half-baked, ill-advised, ill-conceived, ill-
considered, ill-contrived, ill-thought-out, impolitic, impru- INFALLIBLE, adjective assured, certus, continuing, de-
dent, inadvisable, inconsiderate, injudicious, inopportune, fectless, dependable, enduring, errorless, everlasting, ex-
madcap, misguided, misjudged, rash, reckless, thought- haustless, faithful, faultless, flawless, foolproof, free from
less, unreasonable, unseemly, unwise, wrong imperfection, free from mistake, haud dubius, imperishable,
incapable of error, incontestable, incontrovertible, indefati-
INEXPERIENCED, adjective amateur, artless, beard- gable, indefectible, indefective, indomitable, inerrable,
less, callow, green, ignarus, ignorant, ill-qualified, imma- inerrant, inexhaustible, irrefragable, irreproachable, lasting,
ture, imperitus, inapt, inept, inexpert, innocent, lacking never-failing, perfect, reliable, secure, stable, stainless,
experience, lacking proficiency, lacking skill, naive, new, stanch, staying, steady, sure, tenacious, trustworthy, trusty,
poorly qualified, raw, rudis, sophomoric, unaccustomed, unassailable, unbeatable, unchanged, unchanging,

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unconquerable, undestroyable, undying, unerring, unfading, render unclean, smirch, soil, spoil, stain, sully, taint, tarnish,
unfailing, unfaltering, unflagging, unimpeachable, unques- transmit disease, vitiate, vitiis inficere
tionable, unquestioned, unspotted, unstoppable, unsur-
passed, untainted, unwavering, unyielding, without blemish INFER, verb conclude, conclude from evidence, conjec-
ture, conligere, consider probable, construe, deduce,
INFAMOUS, adjective abominable, arrant, atrocious, derive, derive by reasoning, draw a conclusion, draw an
bad, base, contemptible, contemptuous, despicable, detest- inference, extract, gather, glean, guess, hint, imply, indi-
able, discreditable, disgraceful, dishonorable, disreputable, cate, insinuate, intimate, judge from premises, posit,
egregious, execrable, felonious, flagitious, flagrant, heinous, postulate, presume, reach a conclusion, reason, reckon,
ignoble, ignominious, illicit, inexpiable, inglorious, iniqui- suppose, surmise, suspect, understand
tous, Machiavellian, malevolent, maleficent, monstrous, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: infer guilt from the evidence
nefarious, notorious, odious, opprobrious, outrageous, pec-
cant, perfidious, profligate, reprehensible, reprobate, scan- INFERABLE HARM, noun aggravation, balefulness, be-
dalous, scurrilous, shameful, shameless, shocking, sinister, devilment, damage, deadliness, detriment, disablement,
unprincipled, unrespectable, villainous disservice, evil, hurt, hurtfulness, ill consequence, ill-
treatment, impairment, injury, malignance, malignancy,
INFAMY, noun abasement, aspersion, bad name, bad malignity, mischief, misfortune, mutilation, noxiousness,
reputation, baseness, blot, brand, contempt, defamation, perniciousness, ruin, scathe, scourge, virulence
degradation, derision, detestableness, disapprobation, dis-
approval, discredit, disesteem, disfavor, disgrace, dis- INFERENCE, noun allusion, assumption, conclusio, con-
honor, disrepute, disrespect, evil fame, humiliation, igno- clusion, coniectura, conjecture, deduction, guess, guess-
bility, ignominia, ignominiousness, ignominy, ill repute, work, hint, hypothesis, illation, implication, impression, in-
infamia, infamousness, ingloriousness, loss of reputation, kling, judgment, observation, postulate, postulation,
notoriety, obloquy, odium, opprobrium, probrum, public postulatum, premise, presupposal, presupposition, specula-
reproach, reproach, scandal, scorn, shame, stain, stigma, tion, supposal, supposition, surmise, suspicion, theorem,
taint, tarnish theory, thesis, understanding
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: infamous acts, infamous crime, infa- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: evidentiary inference, favorable infer-
mous offense, infamous punishment, infamy from convic- ence, legal inference, legitimate inference, presumption
tion of a crime FOREIGN PHRASES: Expressa nocent, non expressa non no-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Quae sunt minoris culpae sunt majoris cent. Things expressed may be prejudicial; that which is
infamiae. Those things which are less culpable may be not expressed will not.
more infamous.
INFERIOR (Lower in position), adjective accessory, aux-
INFANT, noun baby, child, infans, innocent, juvenile, iliary, deterior, governed by, in the power of, insignificant,
little one, minor, nursling, one who has not come of age, junior, less powerful, lesser, lower, lower in authority, lower
one who has not reached his majority, person under the in rank, lower in the scale, lowly, menial, minor, of less
age of majority, person under 18 years old, person who is importance, puisne, reduced, secondary, subaltern, sub-
not of full age, toddler, tot, young person, youngster, youth ject, subjugated to, subordinate, subservient, subsidiary,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: adoption, after-born child, age of mi- tributary, under, unimportant
nority, best interests of the child, child abuse, child labor, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: inferior courts
child support, custody, delinquent child, emancipation, fili-
ation proceeding, foster child, guardian, guardian ad litem, INFERIOR (Lower in quality), adjective adulterated,
illegitimate children, incompetency to contract, infanticide, amateurish, awful, bad, badly made, base, below, below
juvenile delinquency, neglected child, pretermitted child, par, blemished, bush, bush-league, cheap, contemptible,
ratification of an infant’s contract, visitation crude, damaged, defective, deficient, displeasing, faulty,
FOREIGN PHRASES : In omnibus poenalibus judiciis, et flimsy, imperfect, inadequate, incompetent, indifferent,
aetatl et imprudentiae succurritur. In all penal judg- inelegant, inferior grade, inferior to, insignificant, insipid,
ments, allowance is made for youth and lack of pru- insufficient, junior, less than, less valuable, lesser, lousy,
dence. Infans non multum a furioso distat. An infant low, low-grade, lower, lower than, lowly, malformed,
does not differ much from an insane person. In judiciis, mediocre, menial, middling, minor, miserable, not as
minori aetati succurritur. In judicial proceedings, in- good as, not the quality of, not up to par, paltry, passable,
fancy is aided. Qui in utero est pro jam nato habetur, pedestrian, petty, poor, rank, second-class, second fiddle,
quoties de ejus commodo quaeritur. He who is in the second-rate, secondary, servile, shabby, shoddy, slip-
womb is regarded as already born, whenever a question shod, subordinate, subordinate to, subservient, subsid-
arises for his benefit. Pupillus pati posse non intelligi- iary, substandard, trashy, unacceptable, undesirable, un-
tur. An infant is not considered able to do an act to his satisfactory
own prejudice. ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: in bankruptcy, inferior bargaining
position, inferior position, inferior products, inferior qual-
INFEASIBLE, adjective absurd, impossible, impracti- ity, inferior services
cable, inaccessible, inconceivable, out of reach, out of the
question, unachievable, unattainable, unimaginable, un- INFERRED IN LAW, adjective apparent, conceivable,
likely, unobtainable, unrealistic, unreasonable, unthinkable, connoted, constructive, implicative, implicatory, implied,
unworkable, visionary implied in law, in effect, in essence, in practice, indirectly
meant, inferable, insinuated, presumable, presumed, tanta-
INFECT, verb adulterate, befoul, besmirch, blight, can- mount to, understood, virtual
ker, cause illness, contaminare, contaminate, corrupt, de-
base, defile, dirty, empoison, envenom, foul, harm, impair, INFEST, verb abound, assail, attack, beleaguer, beset,
make ill, make impure, pervert, poison, pollute, putrefy, contaminate, crowd, defile, fill, fill up, flock, flood, infect,

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invade, overrun, overspread, overwhelm, pack, penetrate, escalate, exaggerate, expand, extend, fatten, fill out, fill
plague, ravage, swarm, teem with air, grow, increase, increase dimensions, inflare, mag-
nify, make greater, make larger, make swollen, make tumid,
INFIDELITY, noun abandonment of allegiance, apostasy, pad, puff up, pump up, raise above the proper value, rise,
bad faith, betrayal, betrayal of oath, betrayal of trust, breach of spread, stretch, sufflate, surge, swell, upsurge, wax
faith, breach of promise, breach of trust, broken faith, broken
word, cuckoldry, deceitfulness, defection, desertion, disaffec- INFLATED (Bombastic), adjective altiloquent, altiso-
tion, dishonor, disloyalty, double-dealing, dutilessness, eva- nant, artificial, declamatory, flatulent, fustian, grandilo-
sion of duty, faithlessness, falseheartedness, falsity, fickleness, quent, high-flown, high-sounding, inflatus, magniloquent,
inconstancy, infidelitas, lack of faith, lack of loyalty, mutiny, mouthy, oratorical, ostentatious, overblown, pedantic,
perfidia, perfidiousness, perfidy, rebellion, recreancy, revolt, pompous, pretentious, rhetorical, stilted, tumid, tumidus,
sedition, seditiousness, traitorousness, treachery, treason, turgid, vainglorious, verbose
undutifulness, unfaithfulness, violation of oath
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: adultery INFLATED (Enlarged), adjective amplified, augmented,
ballooned, bloated, blown up, dilated, distended, enlarged
INFILTRATE, verb access, advance, assail, assault, bom- by swelling, expanded, extended, filled, inflatus, puffed,
bard, enter, foist, impregnate, insinuate, invade, lay siege puffed up, puffy, spread, stretched, swelled, swollen,
to, light into, overwhelm, penetrate, percolate, permeate, tumid, tumidus, turgid, turgidus
pervade, raid, riddle, rush, saturate, storm, strike, suffuse,
transfuse, work into INFLATED (Overestimated), adjective aggrandized,
amplified, embellished, enlarged, exaggerated, exaggera-
INFINITE, adjective boundless, ceaseless, countless, tive, excessive, heightened, hyperbolic, magnified, miscal-
endless, enduring, eternal, everlasting, exhaustless, illimit- culated, overdrawn, overpraised, overpriced, overprized,
able, immeasurable, imperishable, incalculable, indestruc- overrated, overstated, overstressed, overvalued
tible, inexhaustible, infinitus, innumerable, interminable,
lasting, limitless, measureless, numberless, perdurable, per- INFLATED (Vain), adjective arrogant, boastful, braggart,
manent, perpetual, persistent, sempiternal, termless, time- bumptious, conceited, condescending, contemptuous, dis-
less, unbounded, unceasing, undying, unending, unlimited, dainful, egocentric, egoistic, egoistical, egotistic, egotisti-
unmeasured, unnumbered, without end, without limit, cal, grandiose, haughty, immodest, impressed with one-
without measure, without number self, lordly, overbearing, overproud, overweening,
patronizing, pleased with oneself, pompous, pretentious,
INFINITY, adjective boundless, ceaseless, complete, prideful, proud, scornful, self-applauding, self-centered,
continual, continually, endless, enormous, eternal, everlast- self-glorifying, self-important, self-lauding, self-satisfied,
ing, expansively, great, huge, immense, immortal, indefi- showy, strutting, superior, swaggering, vaporing, vauntful
nite, infinite, innumerable, interminable, perfect, perma-
nent, perpetual, unbounded, unceasing, undeterminable, INFLATION (Decrease in value of currency), noun boost
uninterrupted, unlimited in prices, currency devaluation, decrease in purchasing
power, high prices, hike in prices, jump in prices, price in-
INFIRM (Irresolute), adjective changeable, easily led, crease, substantial rise of prices, undue expansion of cur-
faint-hearted, faltering, fickle, inconstant, indecisive, inse- rency, upturn in prices
cure, pliable, precarious, undecided, undetermined, unreli-
able, unresolved, unstable, unsteady, untrustworthy, vacil- INFLATION (Increase), noun aggrandizement, amplifica-
lating, wavering tion, bloatedness, blowing up, dilation, distension, elevation,
enlargement, escalation, exaggeration, expansion, extension,
INFIRM (Weak), adjective ailing, debilitated, defective, growth, increase, inflatio, rise, spread, sufflation, surge,
deteriorated, enfeebled, failing, feeble, flimsy, fragile, frail, swell, swelling, turgescence, turgidity, turgidness, upsurge,
frangible, helpless, imperfect, impotent, insecure, insub- waxing
stantial, languid, nonsubstantial, powerless, sickly, un- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: inflation of damages, inflation of value
sound, wasted, weakened, withered, worn
INFLECTION, noun accent, accentuation, cadence, em-
INFLAME, verb aggravate, agitate, anger, arouse, con- phasis, expression, intonation, modulation, pitch, stress,
vulse, deflagrate, discompose, electrify, embitter, energize, tone, voice change
enliven, enrage, envenom, exacerbate, exasperate, excite, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: demeanor of a witness, polygraph test
foment, galvanize, goad, harass, ignite, impassion, incense,
incite, infuriate, intensify, invigorate, irritate, kindle, mad- INFLEXIBLE, adjective adamant, cantankerous, change-
den, nettle, offend, perturb, pester, pique, provoke, rouse, less, contumacious, decided, determined, dogged, firm,
stimulate, stir up, taunt, vex fixed, hard, hardened, headstrong, immobile, immovable,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: inflame the jury immutable, impersuadible, impersuasible, indocile, indomi-
table, inelastic, inexorable, intractable, intransigent, invari-
INFLAMMATORY, adjective combustible, dissentious, able, mulish, nonelastic, obdurate, obstinate, obstinatus,
explosive, fomenting, heated, immoderate, incendiary, in- opinionated, opinionative, persevering, pertinacious, perti-
citive, inciting, inflammable, intemperate, offensive, pro- nax, refractory, relentless, resolute, resolved, rigid, rigidus,
vocative, scorching, unbridled, volcanic rigorous, solid, steadfast, stiff, strict, stringent, strong-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: inflammatory statements, inflamma- willed, stubborn, tenacious, unalterable, unamenable, un-
tory testimony bending, unchangeable, uncompromising, unmalleable,
unmanageable, unmovable, unpliable, unpliant, unrelent-
INFLATE, verb aggrandize, amplify, balloon, bloat, ing, unswayable, unyielding, willful
blow up, broaden, cause to bulge, dilate, distend, enlarge, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: inflexible bargaining position

352
 INFORMATION

INFLICT, verb administer a penalty, administer punish- INFORM (Betray), verb accuse, announce, bear witness
ment, agitate, agonize, apply, beset, bring about, bring upon, against, betray the secret, break faith, break trust, charge,
burden, cause, cause to suffer, coerce, commit, deal, disquiet, communicate, confess, declare, denounce, disclose, disclose
distress, enforce, force, force upon, give pain, harass, harm, intentionally, disclose secrets, divulge, expose, give over to
hurt, imponere, impose, impose punishment, inferre, in- the foe, hominis nomen deferre, impart, impeach, implicate,
fligere, injure, maltreat, mete out, perform, produce injury, incriminate, inculpate, lay bare, lay open, make known, re-
punish, put into force, strike, torment, torture, wound, wreak port against, reveal, tell secrets, testify against, uncover, un-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: inflict pain and suffering, inflict pun- mask, violate a confidence, violate the confidence of
ishment
INFORM (Notify), verb acquaint, advertise, advise, an-
INFLICTION, noun abuse, application, blow, castiga- nounce, annunciate, apprise, blazon, brief, carry tales, com-
tion, commission, commitment, execution, force, harass- municate, confide, describe, detail, disabuse, disclose, di-
ment, imposition, incommodum, injury, maltreatment, vulge, docere, educate, enlighten, explain, familiarize, give
misfortune, oppression, ordeal, penalty, performance, per- a report, give an account, give notice, give out information,
petration, persecution, plague, punishment, torment, tor- give the facts, give tidings, herald, impart, instruct, keep
ture, trial, violence, wound posted, let know, level with, make known, mention, nar-
rate, notify, nuntiare, orient, outline, point out, post, pres-
INFLOW, noun approach, arrival, coming in, entrance, ent information, proclaim, promulgate, publish, recite, re-
entry, immigration, importation, incoming, incursion, induc- count, relate, report, reveal, send word, set right, set
tion, infiltration, influx, ingoing, ingress, ingression, initiation, straight, signify, state, tattle, teach, tell, testify, tip, tout,
inpour, inpouring, inroad, inrush, insertion, introduction, intro- trumpet, undeceive, warn
gression, inundation, invasion, irruption, penetration, progress
INFORMAL, adjective casual, common, congenial, cur-
INFLUENCE, noun ascendance, ascendancy, authority, sory, extemporaneous, extempore, familiar, natural, non-
command, consequence, control, dominance, domination, chalant, offhand, ordinary, perfunctory, relaxed, spontane-
dominion, effect, effectiveness, effectuality, eminence, ous, unceremonial, unceremonious, unconventional,
encouragement, forcefulness, governance, hegemony, uncustomary, unmethodical, unofficial, unorthodox, unre-
hold, importance, incitation, incitement, inspiration, insti- strained, unstereotyped, unstrict, without ceremony, with-
gation, leadership, leverage, masterfulness, mastery, out formality
might, mightiness, omnipotence, paramountcy, pondus, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: informal charges, informal contract,
potency, potentia, power, powerfulness, predominance, informal hearing, informal proceeding
predominancy, prepollence, prepollency, prepotency,
prestige, provocation, puissance, reign, rule, sovereignty, INFORMALITY, noun absence of ceremony, affability, ca-
superiority, supremacy, sway, urging, vis, weight sualness, ease, easiness, easygoingness, extemporaneous-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: coercion controlling influence, im- ness, familiarity, fellowship, flexibility, freedom, freedom
proper influence, influence peddling, political influence, from affectation, friendliness, inexactitude, inexactness, infor-
undue influence malness, ingenuousness, inobservance, irregularity, latitude,
laxity, liberty, license, lightness, looseness, naturalness, non-
INFLUENCE, verb actuate, arouse, brainwash, bring compliance, nonconformity, nonobservance, offhandedness,
pressure to bear, cajole, carry weight, convince, direct, plainness, relaxation, simplicity, slackness, unaffectedness,
form, guide, impel, impellere, impress, incite, induce, in- unassumingness, unceremoniousness, unconstraint, uncon-
spire, inveigle, lead, militate, modify, mold, motivate, ventionality, unorthodoxy, unrigorousness, want of formality
move, movere, persuade, prejudice, pressure, prevail
upon, prompt, pull strings, shape, stimulate, sway, talk INFORMANT, noun accuser, advisor, announcer, annun-
into, urge, work upon ciator, appriser, auctor, communicant, communicator, dela-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bribery, control, duress, improper in- tor, dispatcher, divulger, enlightener, envoy, harbinger,
fluence, under the influence of alcohol, undue influence, herald, information giver, informer, intelligencer, narrator,
wrong influence notifier, proclaimer, relator, reporter, source, spy, stool pi-
geon, talebearer, tipper, tipster, witness
INFLUENCED, adjective biased, decided, induced, in- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: paid informant, reliable informants,
equitable, interested, one-sided, partial, partisan, per- undercover informant
suaded, prejudiced, prepossessed, swayed, undetached,
undispassionate, unfair INFORMATION (Charge), noun accusal, accusation,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: unduly influenced allegation, charge, criminal accusal, formal accusation, for-
mal averment, formal charge, formal criminal charge,
INFLUENTIAL, adjective authoritative, cogent, com- formal criminal complaint, official criminal charge, prosecu-
manding, consequential, controlling, convincing, determi- torial complaint, written accusation
native, distinguished, dominant, domineering, effective, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: felony information, misdemeanor in-
effectual, efficacious, eminent, empowered, esteemed, formation
foremost, governing, gravis, hegemonic, hegemonical,
honored, illustrious, imperious, important, impressive, INFORMATION (Facts), noun communiqué, data, exact
leading, mighty, multipotent, notable, noteworthy, omnip- data, figures, news, notice, notification, specifics, statistics
otent, paramount, potens, potent, powerful, predominant,
preeminent, prepollent, preponderant, prepotent, prevail- INFORMATION (Knowledge), noun acquired facts,
ing, prevalent, prominent, puissant, recognized, reigning, acquired knowledge, available facts, book learning, col-
renowned, reputable, respectable, respected, ruling, lected writings, communication, communiqué, compila-
strong, supreme, well-known, well-recognized, well-re- tions, comprehension, education, enlightenment, erudi-
garded, worthy of notice tion, experience, familiarity, grasp, intelligence, intelligent

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grip, knowledge, knowledge of facts, known facts, learning, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: infraction of rules, infraction of the
lore, mental grasp, revelation, understanding, wisdom law, traffic infraction
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: duty to ascertain information, privi-
leged information, upon information and belief, withhold- INFRANGIBLE, adjective cohesive, durable, everlast-
ing information ing, firm, hallowed, holy, indestructible, indiscerptible, in-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Nemo tenetur informare qui nescit, sed dissoluble, indissolvable, indivisible, inseparable, insoluble,
quisquis scire quod informat. No one who is ignorant of a inviolable, invulnerable, lasting, perdurable, resistant, sa-
thing is bound to give information about it, but everyone is cred, sacrosanct, secure, solid, strong, unbreakable, un-
bound to know that concerning which he gives information. changeable, united, unshakeable, unshatterable

INFORMATIONAL, adjective advisory, communicative, INFREQUENT, adjective atypical, discontinuous, erratic,

documentary, edifying, educational, educative, enlighten- exceptional, extraordinary, few, inconstant, inhabitual, inter-
ing, enriching, explanatory, explicative, illuminating, infor- mittent, irregular, limited, occasional, outstanding, periodic,
matory, instructional, instructive, narrative, revealing, reve- phenomenal, rare, rarus, scarce, seldom happening, seldom
latory, telling occurring, seldom seen, singular, sparse, sporadic, uncom-
mon, uncustomary, unfrequent, unsteady, untypical, unusual
INFORMATIVE, adjective advisory, communicative,
communicatory, didactic, disclosing, edifying, educational, INFRINGE, verb abuse a privilege, abuse one’s rights,
educative, enlightening, enriching, explanatory, explicative, advance stealthily, aggress, arrogate, breach, break, break
explicatory, explicit, expositive, expository, expressive, hom- bounds, break in upon, break into, commit a breach,
iletic, homiletical, hortative, hortatory, illuminating, instruc- frangere, impinge, impose, infract, interfere, interlope,
tional, instructive, newsy, pedogogic, preceptive, propae- intrude, invade, meddle, overstep, rumpere, seize wrong-
deutic, propaedeutical, revealing, scholastic fully, take liberties, transgress, trespass, use wrongfully,
usurp, violare, violate, violate a contract, violate a law,
INFORMATORY, adjective acquainting, admonitory, violate a privilege, violate a regulation
advising, advisory, chatty, clarifying, communicative, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: infringe on a copyright, infringe on a
descriptive, disclosing, doctrinal, documentary, educa- trademark
tional, elucidatory, enlightening, explanatory, explicative,
explicatory, expositive, expository, gossipy, hortative, hor- INFRINGEMENT, noun abuse of privilege, aggression,
tatory, illuminating, informational, informative, instructive, arrogation, breach, contravention, disfranchisement, dis-
monitory, newsy, notifying, presenting information, report- obedience, dispossession, entrance upon domain of an-
ing, revealing, revelatory, teaching, telling other, force, illegality, immunitio, incursion, infraction,
injustice, interference, intrusion, invasion, invasion of a
INFORMED (Educated), adjective accomplished, conver- right, misdoing, misfeasance, nonobservance, repudia-
sant with, cultured, enlightened, erudite, expert, instructed, tion, seizure, surpassing, trangression, transcendence,
knowledgeable, learned, lettered, literate, prepared, profi- transcending, trespass, trespassing, usurpation, violatio,
cient, schooled, taught, trained, versed, well-educated, well- violation, violation of a contract, violation of a law, viola-
grounded, well-read, well-rounded, well-versed, widely read tion of a privilege, violation of a regulation, violence,
wrong, wrongdoing, wrongfulness
INFORMED (Having information), adjective abreast, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: copyright infringement, license in-
acquainted, advised, apprized, briefed, enlightened, famil- fringement, patent infringement, trademark infringement
iar, familiarized, forewarned, notified, posted, primed, set
straight, tipped, told, undeceived, warned INFUSE, verb imbrue, imbue, implant, impregnate, in-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: informed decision, informed opinion culcate, incutere, infundere, ingrain, inicere, inject, insert,
inspire, inspirit, instill, introduce
INFORMER (A person who provides information), noun
advisor, announcer, annunciator, communicant, communica- INFUSION, noun imbruement, imbuement, implanta-
tor, courier, crier, delator, divulger, envoy, harbinger, herald, tion, impregnation, inculcation, infiltration, infusio, injec-
intelligencer, messenger, notifier, proclaimer, relater, re- tion, insertion, instillation, introduction, penetration, perme-
porter, source, spokesman, teller, tipper, tipster, warner ation

INFORMER (One providing criminal information), noun INGENIOUS, adjective adroit, artful, brilliant, clever,
accuser, auctor, complainant, criminal information supplier, creative, dexterous, fecund, fresh, fruitful, generative, ger-
impeacher, indicter, informant, information supplier, one minal, gifted, groundbreaking, imaginative, innovative,
who supplies criminal information to the police, police tip- inspired, inventive, masterful, novel, original, productive,
per, squealer, tipster, witness against prolific, Promethean, resourceful, sharp, smart, sophisti-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: corroboration, reliable informer cated, talented, visionary

INFRACTION, noun breach, breach of faith, breach of INGENUOUS, adjective aboveboard, apertus, artless,
law, breach of orders, breach of privilege, breach of prom- blunt, candid, childlike, devoid of dissimulation, down-
ise, breach of the peace, breach of trust, breaking, contra- right, forthright, frank, free from reserve, genuine, guile-
vention, crime, default, defiance, defiance of orders, dis- less, honest, honorable, inartificial, innocent, liber, naive,
obedience, encroachment, evasion of duty, failure, failure natural, open, outspoken, plain, rustic, simple, simplex,
of duty, immunitio, infringement, inobservance, noncom- sincere, spontaneous, straightforward, transparent, trust-
pliance, nonobservance, nonobservance of rules, offense, worthy, truthful, unaffected, unconstrained, undesigning,
omission, overstepping, refusal to obey, transgression, undisguised, unforced, unreserved, unrestrained, unself-
trespass, violatio, violation, violation of law, violation of conscious, unsophisticated, unstudied, unsuspicious, vera-
orders, wrong cious, with simplicity, without guile

354
 INHIBITED

INGLORIOUS, adjective arch, audacious, blamewor- INHERENT, adjective connate, deep-rooted, essential,
thy, bold-faced, boorish, brash, churlish, contemptible, fixed, immanent, implicit, inborn, inbred, ineffaceable, in-
discourteous, disgraceful, disrespectful, ignoble, ill-bred, grained, ingredient, innate, innatus, insitus, instinctive, in-
ill-mannered, impertinent, inconsiderate, insolent, loutish, tegral, internal, intrinsic, native, natural, subsistent
offensive, rude, shameful, thoughtless, uncalled-for, uncivil, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: inherent defect, inherent power, inher-
ungracious, unmannered, unmannerly, vulgar ently dangerous

INGRAIN, verb embed, engrave, establish, fix, imbue, INHERIT, verb accede to, acquire, acquire from ances-
implant, impregnate, impress, imprint, inculcate, indoctri- tors, be granted a legacy, be the heir of, come into posses-
nate, infix, influence, infuse, inject, inspire, instill, intro- sion as an heir, derive from, fall heir to, gain, have succes-
duce, invest, permeate, train sion as an heir, obtain, receive, receive a legacy, receive an
endowment, receive as right, receive by bequest, receive
INGRAINED, adjective confirmed, deep, deep-seated, by devise, receive by law of descent, receive by succession,
embedded, engrafted, entrenched, essential, established, receive property as an heir, rem hereditate accipere, suc-
firmly established, firmly fixed, fixed, habitual, implanted, ceed to, take, take as an heir, take by descent, take by in-
inborn, inbred, indelible, indwelling, ineffaceable, infixed, heritance, take by succession
ingrown, inherent, innate, insitus, intrinsic, inveterate, in-
veteratus, inwrought, permanent, rooted, set, settled, INHERITANCE, noun appanage, benefaction, bequest,
thorough, well-established devise, dispensation, endowment, gift, hereditas, heritage,
inherited property, legacy, presentation, property obtained
INGRATITUDE, adjective animus ingratus, heedlessness, by descent, property obtained by devise, provision, seisin,
inappreciation, inconsiderateness, inconsideration, insensibil- succession of property
ity, lack of appreciation, lack of consideration, lack of grati- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: coparcenary, curtesy, descent, distri-
tude, respectlessness, rudeness, thanklessness, thoughtless- bution, dower, inheritance estate, inheritance tax, intestate
ness, unappreciativeness, unfeelingness, ungratefulness, succession, patrimony, wills
unthankfulness, want of consideration FOREIGN PHRASES: Haereditas, alia corporalis, alia incor-
poralis; corporalis est, quae tangi potest et videri; in-
INGREDIENT, noun aspect, component, component corporalis quae tangi non potest nec videri. An inheri-
part, constituent, constituent part, content, element, es- tance is either corporeal or incorporeal; corporeal is that
sential part, factor, feature, fragment, fundamental part, in- which can be touched and seen; incorporeal is that which
tegral part, member, membrum, pars, part, section, sector, can neither be touched nor seen. Feodum simplex quia
unit, unit of composition, vital part feodum idem est quod haereditas, et simplex idem est
quod legitimum vel purum; et sic feodum simplex
INGRESS, noun access, admission, admittance, ap- idem est quod haereditas legitima vel haereditas
proach, entrance, entry, incoming, incursion, ingoing, in- pura. A fee simple is so called because fee is the same as
gression, ingressus, inlet, inroad, liberty to enter, means of inheritance, and simple is the same as lawful or pure; and
access, means of entry, passage, power of entrance, right so fee simple is the same as a lawful inheritance or pure
of entry, right to enter, way in, way to inheritance. Filius est nomen naturae, sed haeres
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: easement, license, right of access nomen juris. Son is the natural name, but heir is a name
of law. Haeredum appellatione veniunt haeredes haer-
INHABIT, verb abide, be established in, be resident in, edumin infinitum. Under the name heirs come the heirs
board, colonize, domicile, dwell in, dwell permanently, of heirs without limit. Haereditas est successio in uni-
have quarters, incolere, keep house, live, lodge, occupy, versum jus quod defunctus habuerit. Inheritance is the
remain, reside in, room, sojourn, squat, stay, take up resi- succession to every right which the deceased had pos-
dence, tenant, visit sessed. Haereditas nihil aliud est, quam successio in
universum jus, quod defunctus habuerit. An inheri-
INHABITANT, noun abider, addressee, boarder, citizen, tance is nothing other than the succession to all the rights
cohabitant, denizen, dweller, habitant, habitator, homo, which the deceased had. Si quis praegnantem uxorem
householder, incola, indweller, inhabiter, inmate, lodger, reliquit, non videtur sine liberis decessisse. If a man
native, occupant, occupier, permanent resident, resident, dies leaving his wife pregnant, he is considered as having
residentiary, settler, sojourner, tenant died childless. Major haereditas venit unicuique nos-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: citizenry, residency trum a jure et legibus quam a parentibus. A greater
inheritance comes to each one of us from justice and the
INHABITATION (Act of dwelling in), noun dwelling, laws than from our parents.
habitancy, habitation, inhabitancy, living, lodging, lodgment,
occupancy, occupation, sojourn, stay, tenancy, tenantry INHIBIT, verb arrest, ban, bar, bridle, check, choke, con-
strain, control, curb, debar, delay, disallow, enjoin, estop,
INHABITATION (Place of dwelling), noun abode, asy- extinguish, forbid, frustrate, gag, govern, harness, hinder,
lum, domicile, domicilium, dwelling, dwelling place, edi- hold back, hold in, impede, intercept, interdicere, interdict,
fice, establishment, home, house, living quarters, living interrupt, keep in, leash, muzzle, obstruct, paralyze, prevent,
space, lodging, lodging place, lodgment, place, place of prohibit, proscribe, pull in, quench, refuse to allow, rein in,
abode, place of residence, quarters, refuge, residence, repress, restrain, restrict, retard, smother, stifle, stop, stran-
residency, sedes, tectum gle, suppress, suspend, taboo, veto, withhold

INHARMONIOUS, adjective at odds, clashing, conflict- INHIBITED, adjective arrested, barricaded, blocked,
ing, contradictory, derived at variance, differing, disagreeable, bogged down, bound, chained, checked, conservative,
discordant, disharmonious, dissonant, factious, harsh, incom- constrained, controlled, cramped, curbed, delayed, encum-
patible, inharmonic, irreconcilable, opposing, unharmonious bered, fettered, haltered, handicapped, held back,

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hindered, hobbled, impeded, leashed, manacled, mired, precipitate, reckless, showing lack of judgment, showing
obstructed, reigned, restrained, retarded, shackled, short- poor judgment, temerarious, thoughtless, unadvisable,
circuited, stymied, tethered, thwarted, tied down, tied up, uncalculating, unconsidered, undesirable, undiscerning,
trammeled unfit, unprofitable, unreasoned, unsound, unsuitable,
unwary, unwise
INIMICAL, adjective adverse, alienated, antagonistic,
antipathetic, antipathetical, at variance, at war with, belli- INJUNCTION, noun ban, bidding, command, com-
cose, belligerent, contrary, cool, cross, disaffected, es- mand to undo wrong, denial, enjoinder, imperative, impe-
tranged, harmful, hostile, hurtful, inimicus, irreconcilable, rium, interdiction, iussum, judicial order to refrain from an
malevolent, mean, noxious, on bad terms, opposed, op- act, mandatum, order, precept, prescript, prohibition, pro-
posing, pernicious, repugnant, unfavorable, unfriendly, un- scription, restraining order, restraint, restriction, stay order,
propitious, up in arms, warlike warrant
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: cease and desist order, dissolution of
INIMITABLE, adjective banner, classic, divine, dyna- an injunction, interlocutory injunction, modification of in-
mite, excellent, exceptional, extraordinary, fabulous, junction, order to show cause, permanent injunction, pre-
famous, fantastic, grand, high-grade, immense, incompa- liminary injunction, temporary injunction, temporary re-
rable, incredibly unique, marvelous, marvelously unique, straining order
matchless, nonpareil, one-of-a-kind, peerless, rare, sensa-
tional, singular, special, splendid, uncommon, unequaled, INJURE (Harm), verb abuse, aggravate, blemish, bruise,
unique, unmatched, unparalleled, unrivaled, unsurpassable, brutalize, cripple, damage, debase, debilitate, deface, dis-
unusual able, disfigure, do harm to, endanger, eviscerate, harrow,
hit, hurt, ill-treat, ill-use, impair, inflict, inflict pain, lacerate,
INIQUITOUS, adjective accursed, atrocious, bad, base, maim, maltreat, mangle, mar, mishandle, mistreat, misuse,
black, corrupt, criminal, culpable, depraved, dishonest, dis- molest, mutilate, spoil, violate, vitiate, wound
reputable, dissolute, evil, facinorous, felonious, flagitious,
foul, gross, heinous, immoral, improbus, improper, incorri- INJURE (Persecute), verb affront, annoy, asperse,
gible, inequitable, infamous, iniquus, iniustus, irreclaimable, blacken, calumniate, defame, denigrate, disadvantage, dis-
knavish, lawless, malevolent, miscreant, naughty, nefarious, parage, insult, libel, malign, offend, oppress, prejudice,
objectionable, peccant, pernicious, profligate, recreant, rep- slander, subvert, traduce, vilify, wrong
rehensible, reprobate, scandalous, scurvy, shameful, sinful,
sinning, unfair, unjust, unjustifiable, unprincipled, unrigh- INJURIOUS (Derogatory), adjective abusive, calumnious,
teous, vicious, vile, villainous, wicked, wrong contemptuous, contumelious, corrupt, defamatory, detrac-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Nullum iniquum est praesumendum in tory, detrimental, disadvantageous, inadvisable, insulting,
jure. Nothing iniquitous is to be presumed in law. invidious, libelous, malevolent, mischievous, pejorative,
pernicious, prejudicial, scurrilous, slanderous, unfavorable
INITIAL, adjective basic, beginning, commencing, early,
elementary, embryonic, first, fundamental, inaugural, incep- INJURIOUS (Harmful), adjective abusive, adverse, bad,
tive, inchoate, incipient, initiative, initiatory, introductory, baneful, calamitous, corrosive, corrupt, damaging, danger-
leading, maiden, nascent, opening, original, prefatory, pre- ous, deleterious, destructive, depraved, destructive, detri-
mier, primal, primary, primus, pristine, rudimentary, starting mental, disadvantageous, disastrous, facinorous, fatal, felo-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: initial carrier, initial fault, initial license, nious, grievous, harmful, hurtful, inequitable, iniquitous,
initial loss, initial payment, initial pleading, initial stage of a insalubrious, insidious, lethal, malefic, malignant, nefarious,
proceeding noisome, noxious, offensive, outrageous, peccant, perni-
cious, perverse, pestiferous, pestilent, ruinous, sinister, un-
INITIATE, verb admit, begin, break ground, bring into just, vicious, virulent, wrongful
use, broach, commence, conceive, direct, discover, en-
lighten, enter upon, familiarize, found, give entrance to, INJURY, noun abuse, adversity, bane, breakage, dam-
imbuere, implant, inaugurate, inchoate, incipere, inculcu- age, damnum, deprivation, detriment, detrimentum, dis-
late, indoctrinate, induct, inform, initiare, install, instill, in- service, harm, harmful act, hurt, ill-treatment, impairment,
stitute, instruct, introduce, invent, launch, lay the founda- incommodum, invasion of a legal right, loss, offense,
tion, lead, lead the way, open, originate, pioneer, plant, physical hurt, prejudice, privation, violence, wrong
preinstruct, prepare, present, prime, prompt, propose, set ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accidental injury, cause of injury,
afoot, set going, set up, start, take the initiative, take the comparative injury, compensable injury, contributory negli-
lead, teach, think of, train, undertake, usher in gence, direct injury, efficient cause, future injury, indirect
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: initiate an action injury, indivisible injury, injury to business, injury to prop-
erty, injury to reputation, intentional injury, irreparable in-
INJECT, verb drive in, force in, imbed, imbue, implant, jury, malicious injury, permanent injury, personal injury,
impregnate, infix, infundere, infuse, inoculate, insert, instill, previous injury, proof of injury, res ipsa loquitur, serious
interjaculate, interject, interpolate, interpose, introduce, injury suffered, wanton injury
intromit, pierce, place into, press in, put into, ram in, satu- FOREIGN PHRASES: Quid sit jus, et in quo consistit injuria,
rate, shoot, thrust in, transfuse, vaccinate legis est definire. What constitutes right, and what injury, it
is the business of the law to define. Non omne damnum
INJUDICIOUS, adjective blind, disadvantageous, hasty, inducit injuriam. Not every loss produces an injury.
heedless, ill-advised, ill-judged, impolitic, impolitical, im- Neminem laedit qui jure suo utitur. He who stands on his
provident, imprudent, inappropriate, incautious, inconsider- own rights injures no one. Jus est norma recti; et quicquid
ate, inconsideratus, inconsultus, indiscreet, inexpedient, in- est contra normam recti est injuria. Law is the rule of
opportune, insufficiently considered, irrational, lacking right; and whatever is contrary to the rule of right is an injury.
discretion, misguided, needless, negligent, objectionable, Melius est in tempore occurrere, quam post causam

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vulneratum remedium quaerere. It is better to meet a FOREIGN PHRASES: Omnis indemnatus pro innoxis legibus
thing in time, than to seek a remedy after an injury has been habetur. Every uncondemned person is regarded by the
inflicted. Prohibetur ne quis faciat in suo quod nocere law as innocent. Quisquis praesumitur bonus; et semper
possit alieno. It is forbidden for anyone to do on his own in dubiis pro reo respondendum. Everyone is presumed
property what may injure another’s. Lex nemini facit inju- to be good; and in doubtful cases it should be resolved in
riam. The law works injury to no one. Paci sunt maxime favor of the accused. In favorem vitae, libertatis, et in-
contraria vis et injuria. Violence and injury are especially nocentiae, omnia praesumuntur. Every presumption is
hostile to peace. Res inter alios judicatae nullum aliis made in favor of life, liberty, and innocence.
praejudicium faciunt. Transactions between strangers
ought not to injure those who are not parties to them. INNOCENT, adjective blameless, culpa vacuus, fault-
Volenti non fit injuria. No injury is done where the person less, free from guilt, guiltless, innocens, insons, sinless,
injured consents. Corporalis injuria non recipit aestima- unblamable, unoffending, upright, virtuous, without harm,
tionem de futuro. A personal injury cannot be compensated without offense
for by later acts. Fictio legis inique operatur alieni dam- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: innocent holder for value, innocent
num vel injuriam. Fiction of law is wrongful if it works loss misrepresentation, innocent mistake, innocent purchaser,
or harm to anyone. Privatis pactionibus non dubium est innocent third party, innocent trespass
non laedi jus caeterorum. There is no doubt that private FOREIGN PHRASES: Minatur innocentibus qui parcit nocenti-
contracts cannot prejudice the rights of others. Damnum bus. He who spares the guilty threatens those who are in-
sine injuria esse potest. There can be damage or injury in- nocent.
flicted without any act of injustice. Ab assuetis non fit inju-
ria. No injury is done by things long acquiesced in. INNOCENT BYSTANDER, noun attester, beholder,
Consuetudo neque injuria oriti neque tolli potest. A cus- blameless witness, chance looker-on, corroborator, eye-
tom can neither arise nor be abolished by an injury. witness, faultless witness, guiltless witness, informant, in-
Aedificare in tuo proprio solo non licet quod alteri former, observer, onlooker, passer-by, perceiver, spectator,
noceat. It is not lawful to build upon one’s own land what testifier, viewer, watcher, witness, witness free from guilt
may injure another. Factum unius alteri nocere non debet.
The act of one person should not prejudice another. Injuria INNOCENT OWNER, noun affirmative defense to forfei-
non praesumitur. A wrong is not presumed. Lex nemini ture allegation, innocent owner defense, property owner
operatur iniquum, nemini facit injuriam. The law never not involved in offense
works an injury, or does a wrong. ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS:18 USCS § 983—General Rules for Civil
Forfeiture Proceedings
INJUSTICE, noun abuse, bias, bigotry, breach, crime,
damage, denial of justice, discrimination, disparity, en- INNOCUOUS, adjective harmless, hurtless, innocent,
croachment, error of the court, evil, fault of the court, favor- innoxious, inoffensive, mild, nonirritating, nonmalignant,
itism, illegality, imposition, improbity, inequality, inequita- nontoxic, painless, safe, simple, uninjurious, unlikely to
ble action, inequity, infraction, infringement, infringement cause harm, unlikely to cause injury, unobjectionable, un-
on one’s rights, iniquity, iniuria, iniustitia, injury, malfea- obnoxious, unoffending, virtuous, without power to harm,
sance, maltreatment, miscarriage, miscarriage of justice, without tendency to harm
misfeasance, mistake of the court, mistreatment, offense,
omission of a court, oppression, outrage, partiality, parti- INNOVATE, verb author, begin, bring about, bring for-
sanship, persecution, prejudice, transgression, tyranny, ward, conceive, concoct, construct, contrive, create,
unevenness, unfair action, unfairness, unjust treatment, develop, devise, establish, inaugurate, induct, initiate, insti-
unjustness, unlawfulness, unrighteousness, violation, viola- tute, introduce, invent, launch, organize, originate, pioneer,
tion of right, wrong, wrong verdict, wrongdoing present, produce, set up, start, think up, unveil, usher in
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: social injustice
FOREIGN PHRASES: Fictio legis inique operatur alicui dam- INNOVATION, noun adaptation, alteration, breaking
num vel injuriam. Fiction of law is wrongful if it works loss of precedent, change, change in method, departure, di-
or harm to anyone. Lex nemini operatur iniquum, ne- gression, divergence, diversification, exchange of obliga-
mini facit injuriam. The law never works an injury, or tions, invention, modernization, modification, neoterism,
does a wrong. new device, new idea, new method, new phase, novare,
novelty, radically new measure, revision, revolution, shift,
INMATE, noun captive, captus, convict, dweller, habi- variation
tant, inhabitant, lawbreaker, occupant, occupier, prisoner,
resident, roomer INNUENDO, noun accusation, allusion, aside, asper-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: inmate at a correctional institution sion, charge, connotation, denuntiatio, hint, implication,
implied indication, imputation, incrimination, indication,
INNATE, adjective basic, congenital, constitutional, indirect allusion, inference, insinuation, mention, nuntius,
derived from within, essential, existing from birth, funda- oblique allusion, overtone, reference, reflection, significa-
mental, hereditary, immanent, inborn, inbred, indigenous, tio, suggestion
infixed, ingrained, inherent, inherited, innatus, insitus, in- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: defamation, disparagement, libel, slan-
stinctive, intrinsic, intuitive, involuntary, native, natural, der
proprius
INNUMERABLE, adjective boundless, countless, end-
INNOCENCE, noun absence of guilt, blamelessness, less, exhaustless, frequent, immeasurable, immense, incalcu-
exculpation, exoneration, freedom from blame, freedom lable, incapable of being counted, incomprehensible, incom-
from guilt, freedom from illegality, guiltlessness, incorrup- putable, inexhaustible, infinite, innumerabilis, innumerus,
tion, innocency, innocentia, integritas, sinlessness interminable, legionary, limitless, many, more than one can
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: presumption of innocence tell, much, multitudinous, myriad, numberless, sumless,

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uncountable, uncounted, unfathomable, unlimited, unmea- investigate, look into, probe, propose a question, pry into,
sured, unnumbered, untold pursue, query, question, quiz, research, scrutinize, search,
search into, seek information, solicit, sound out, study,
INNUMEROUS, adjective bottomless, boundless, subject to scrutiny, survey
countless, endless, extensive, fathomless, horizonless,
illimitable, immeasurable, immense, incalculable, incom- INQUIRE INTO, verb analyze, canvass, check, conduct
putable, indefinite, inestimable, inexhaustible, infinite, lim- an inquiry, consider, delve into, examine, explore, ferret
itless, many, multifold, multiple, multitudinous, numerous, out, hear, hold an inquiry, institute an inquiry, interrogate,
plenty, too many to count, unbounded, unmeasured, vast investigate, monitor, probe, pry, pursue, query, question,
reconnoiter, research, review, scrutinize, search, set up an
INOCULATE, verb endue, fill, flood, imbed, imbue, im- inquiry, sound, study, unearth, want to know
plant, inculcate, infuse, inject, insert, instill, interpose, intro- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: grand jury inquiry, special investiga-
duce, inundate, invest, invigorate, pierce, protect, put into, tion
saturate, shoot, steep, suffuse, thrust in, vaccinate
INQUIRY (Request for information), noun examination,
INOPERABLE (Impracticable), adjective undoable, un- examination into facts or principles, exploration, hearing,
feasible, unworkable inquisition, interrogatio, interrogation, investigation, per-
contatio, poll, probe, query, question, scrutiny, search,
INOPERABLE (Incurable), adjective cureless, hopeless, search for information, survey
immedicable, remediless ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: duty to inquire, inquiry into title, rea-
sonable inquiry, speculative inquiry
INOPERATIVE, adjective abeyant, asleep, broken, co- FOREIGN PHRASES: Quaerere dat sapere quae sunt legitima
matose, deactivated, dead, deadlocked, dormant, dull, vere. Inquiry is the way to know what things are truly law-
fallow, ineffective, ineffectual, inert, latent, lifeless, mori- ful. Quaeras de dubiis legem bene discere si vis. Inquire
bund, not functional, off, quiescent, sleepy, slow, sus- into doubtful matters if you wish to understand the law
pended, unproductive, unusable, unused, unworkable, well. Quaere de dubiis, quia per rationes pervenitur ad
useless, vacant legitimam rationem. Inquire into doubtful matters, be-
cause by reasoning we arrive at legal reason.
INOPPORTUNE, adjective at the wrong time, badly
calculated, badly timed, ill-chosen, ill-seasoned, ill-timed, INQUIRY (Systematic investigation), noun analyzation,
inadvisable, inappropriate, inauspicious, inconvenient, in- asking, assay, canvassing, cognitio, conference, delving into
expedient, inopportunus, malapropos, misjudged, mis- evidence, disquisition, examination, exploration, fundamen-
timed, undesirable, unfavorable, unfit, unfortunate, unpro- tal research, hearing, hearing of evidence, inquest, inquisi-
pitious, unseasonable, unsuitable, unsuited, untimely, tio, inquisition, interrogation, investigation, legal trial, nar-
wrong row search, overview, perusal, probe, pursuit, quaestio,
question, research, scrutiny, search, study, survey, trial
INORDINATE, adjective crammed, exaggerated, ex- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: grand jury inquiry, judicial inquiry,
ceeding, excessive, exorbitant, extortionate, extraordinary, public inquiry
extravagant, extreme, fanatical, gluttonous, great, immod-
erate, immoderatus, immodicus, inabstinent, intemperate, INQUISITION, noun examination, harassment, inflic-
lavish, monstrous, needless, nimious, out of bounds, out of tion, inquest, inquiry, interrogation, oppression, persecu-
limits, outrageous, overcharged, overflowing, overmuch, tion, scrutiny, unfair inquiry
preposterous, prodigal, profuse, prohibitive, redundant,
superabundant, supererogatory, superfluous, supersatu- INQUISITIVE, adjective audiendi, cupidus, curiosus,
rated, unbridled, uncalled-for, unconscionable, uncurbed, curious, eager for knowledge, fond of investigation, given
undue, unlimited, unnecessary, unreasonable, unrestrained, to research, inquiring, interested, interrogative, investiga-
wasteful, without restraint tive, questioning, quizzical, scrutinizing, searching, seek-
ing, speculative
INPUT (Data), noun capture of information, communi-
cations, enumerated facts, facts, figures, files, information, INROAD, noun access, advancement, aggression, as-
numbers, raw data, specifics, statistics sault, attack, charge, consumption, damage, detriment,
entrance, havoc, impairment, incursion, infiltration, inflow,
INPUT (Thinking), noun analysis, communication, con- infraction, infringement, ingress, interference, interloping,
tribution, enlightenment, expression, imparting knowl- intervention, invasion, intrusion, introgression, irruption,
edge, impartment of wisdom, involvement, partaking, loss, offensive, onslaught, outrage, overrunning, overstep-
participation, provide a prospective, provide expertise, ping, ravage, sally, transgression, trespass
provide information, provide knowledge, sharing thoughts,
weigh-in INSALUBRIOUS, adjective baleful, baneful, calamitous,
damaging, dangerous, deleterious, destructive, detrimental,
INQUEST, noun determination of damages, examina- disadvantageous, disastrous, fraught with danger, gravis,
tion, hearing, inquiry, interrogation, investigation, judicial harmful, hazardous, hurtful, injurious, insalubris, lethal,
inquiry, legal investigation, quaestio, quest, questioning, lethiferous, malefic, maleficent, menacing, mephitic, mias-
review, search, search into facts mal, miasmatic, miasmatical, miasmic, morbific, morbifical,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: assessment of damages, civil inquest, mortiferous, noisome, noxious, ominous, pathogenic, peril-
coroner’s inquest ous, pernicious, pestiferous, pestilens, pestilent, pestilential,
poisonous, risky, ruinous, threatening, toxic, unclean, unfa-
INQUIRE, verb ask, catechize, conduct research, cross- vorable to health, unhealthful, unhealthy, unhygienic, un-
examine, delve into, examine, explore, interrogate, safe, unsanitary, unwholesome, venomous, virulent

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INSANE, adjective bereft of reason, certifiable, crazed, INSECURE, adjective adrift, borderline, changeable,
crazy, defected, delirious, demented, deranged, disor- changeful, dangerous, defenseless, dependent, endan-
dered, frenetic, frenzied, hysterical, incoherent, insensate, gered, exposed, exposed to risk, fragile, frail, fraught with
lunatic, mad, maniacal, manic, mental, mentally deranged, danger, harborless, hazardous, helpless, incertus, infirm, in-
non compos mentis, of unsound mind, paranoiac, psy- stabilis, lacking stability, perilous, precarious, risky, shaky,
chotic, raving, unsound, wandering, wild slippery, speculative, subject to chance, subject to change,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: insanity defense, insanity plea ticklish, tottering, treacherous, unassured, unbalanced, un-
certain, unconfident, undependable, unfastened, unpro-
INSANITY, noun aberration, aberration of mind, abnor- tected, unreliable, unsafe, unsettled, unsheltered, un-
mality, alienation, alienation of mind, amentia, brain dam- shielded, unsound, unstable, unsteadfast, unsteady, unsure,
age, craziness, daftness, delirium, delusion, demented- untrustworthy, venturesome, venturous, vulnerable
ness, deranged intellect, derangement, diseased mind, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: insecure obligation, insecurity clause
disordered intellect, disordered mind, disordered reason,
disorientation, frenzy, hallucination, insania, loss of rea- INSECURITY, noun ambiguity, bewilderment, danger,
son, lunacy, madness, mental abnormality, mental alien- dilemma, doubt, doubtfulness, dubiousness, endanger-
ation, mental decay, mental deficiency, mental derange- ment, exposure, fallibility, hazard, haziness, hesitation, in-
ment, mental disease, mental incapacity, mental infirmities, certitude, indecision, infirmity, instability, jeopardy, obscu-
mental instability, mental sickness, mental unsoundness, rity, peril, perplexity, precariousness, quandary, risk,
paranoia, raving, unbalanced mind, unsound mind, un- suspicion, threat, uncertainty, undependability, unreliabil-
soundness of mind, vecordia, want of comprehension, ity, unsoundness, unsteadiness, unsureness, untrustworthi-
want of reason ness, vacillation, vagueness, vulnerability
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: adjudication of insanity, diminished
capacity, habitual insanity, incompetency, insane delusion, INSEMINATE, verb embed, implant, impregnate, inject,
insane impulse to act, insanity defense, insanity plea, irre- insert, introduce, plant, pollinate, pollinize, seed, sow
sistible impulse
FOREIGN PHRASES: Furiosus nullum negotium contrahere INSENSATE, adjective affectless, callous, callow, case-
potest. An insane person can make no contract. Furiosus hardened, cold-blooded, compassionless, desensitized,
stipulare non potest nec aliquid negotium agere, qui hard-boiled, hard-hearted, heartless, impervious, indurate,
non intelligit quid agit. An insane person who knows inhuman, inhumane, insensate, insensitive, iron-hearted,
not what he is doing, cannot contract nor transact any merciless, obdurate, pachydermatous, pitiless, remorse-
business. Furiosi nulla voluntas est. A madman has no less, ruthless, soulless, stony, uncaring
will. Furiosus solo furore punitur. A madman is pun-
ished by his madness alone. Furor contrahi matrimo- INSENSIBLE, adjective apathetic, benumbed, bewildered,
nium non sinit, quia consensu opus est. Insanity pre- blind, callous, clueless, comatose, dazed, deaf, deprived of
vents a marriage from being contracted, because consent sensation, dormant, drugged, dull, emotionless, exanimate,
is required. Ira furor brevis est. Anger is short insanity. frigid, heedless, ignorant, imperceptive, impercipient, inani-
Furiosus absentis loco est. A madman is considered as mate, incapable of feeling, incapable of perceiving, inexcit-
a person who is absent. Insanus est qui, abjecta rati- able, insensate, insensitive, insentient, obdurescere, passive,
one, omnia cum impetu et furore facit. A person is senseless, spiritless, stony, stupefied, supine, torporific, unac-
insane who, deprived of reason, does everything with quainted, unaffected, unaroused, unaware, unconscious, un-
violence and rage. discerning, unenlightened, unfeeling, unhearing, unknowing,
unmindful, unmoved, unperceptive, unrealizing, unrespon-
INSATIABLE, adjective acquisitive, avaricious, covet- sive, unseeing, unsuspecting, untouched, unwitting, vegetat-
ous, craving, discontented, gluttonous, grasping, greedy, ing, void of feeling
hoggish, incapable of being satisfied, inexplebilis, insatiabi-
lis, intemperate, piggish, quenchless, rapacious, selfish, INSENSITIVE, adjective blind, callous, cold-blooded,
unappeasable, unfilled, unquenchable, unsated, unsatisfied cruel, draconian, hard, impervious, indiscreet, insensate,
insensible, insentient, numb, obtuse, ponderous, relentless,
INSCRIBE, verb ascribere, commit to writing, consig- remorseless, ruthless, thick-skinned, unaffected, unfeeling,
nare, engrave, enroll, enscroll, enter, imprint, inscribere, unimpressionable, unresponsive, unsusceptible
insert, letter, list, make an entry, mark, post, put in writing,
put upon record, record, register, scribe, write INSENTIENCE, noun absence of feeling, absence of
sensation, blackout, blankness, immobility, inability to act,
INSCRIPTION, noun autograph, caption, dedication, inability to perceive, inaction, inactivity, inanimateness, in-
engraving, entry, index, inscriptio, legend, mark, record, animation, incognizance, incomprehension, indifference, in-
superscription, titulus, written matter ertia, inertness, insensateness, insensibility, insensibleness,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: inscribed securities, registration of a insensitivity, lack of awareness, lack of comprehension, lack
deed of knowledge, lack of perception, lifelessness, nonrecogni-
tion, powerlessness, senselessness, stillness, stupor, suspen-
INSCRUTABLE, adjective ambiguous, baffling, blank, sion of consciousness, trance, unawareness, unconscious-
cloudy, concealed, deadpan, enigmatic, expressionless, ness, unfamiliarity, unfeelingness, want of sensibility
hidden, impassive, impenetrable, impossible to under-
stand, inapprehensible, incognizable, incomprehensible, INSEPARABLE, adjective attached, blended, cemented,
indiscernible, inexplicable, insoluble, mysterious, obscure, close, combined, consolidated, constantly together, de-
obscurus, occult, occultus, past comprehension, poker- voted, fast, firm, fused, glued, impartible, incapable of being
faced, puzzling, secret, tectus, unable to be investigated, parted, indiscerptible, indissoluble, indivisible, inextricable,
unaccountable, unclear, undiscoverable, unfathomable, un- infrangible, inseverable, insoluble, integrated, interdepen-
intelligible, unknowable, unrevealed, unsearchable, vague dent, intertwined, intimate, joined, locked, molded together,

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 INSERT

nondivisible, perpetuo comitari, tenacious, undissolvable, shallowness, smallness, sparseness, transientness, triviality,
undividable, united, unsunderable, welded unimportance, unnoteworthiness
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: inseparability of easement, insepara-
bility of statutory provisions INSIGNIFICANT, adjective beneath consideration, col-
lateral, expendable, frivolous, futile, ignoble, immaterial,
INSERT, verb affix, append, attach, book, embed, enter, inapposite, inappreciable, incidental, inconsequential,
file, graft, imbed, imbue, immerse, implant, infuse, inject, inconsiderable, indifferent, inferior, irrelevant, meager,
inlay, inscribe, inscroll, inset, instill, interject, interpolate, meaningless, mediocre, minor, minute, moderate, mod-
interpose, intersperse, intervene, intrude, obtrude, pene- est, negligible, niggling, nominal, nonessential, nonsub-
trate, pierce, plant, set in, splice, thrust in stantial, nugatory, of little account, paltry, petty, picayune,
remote, senseless, slight, small, tenuous, trifling, trivial,
INSERTION, noun addendum, additament, addition, unessential, unimportant, unnoteworthy, usual, worthless
appendix, entry, extension, inclusion, inset, intercalation,
interjection, interpolation, interpositio, introduction, paren- INSINCERE, adjective artificial, deceitful, deceptive,
thesis, penetration, plant, postscript, supplement, supple- dishonest, disingenuous, disreputable, dissembling, dis-
mentation, transplantation simulating, evasive, faithless, false, false league, fraudulent,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: codicil, insertion of a clause to a con- guileful, hollow, hypocritical, illegitimate, illusive, lying,
tract, rider mendacious, perfidious, shallow, specious, superficial,
treacherous, uncandid, unfrank, unnatural, untrue, untruthful
INSEVERABLE, adjective bound up with, impartible,
indiscerptible, indivisible, inextricable, infrangible, infusible, INSINUATE, verb add, advert, allude to, append, curry
inseparable, insoluble, insunderable, irresolvable, joined, favor with, describe, hint, implant, imply, impose, impress,
one, unbreakable, undividable, united incriminate, indicate, infer, infiltrate, infuse, inject, inlay,
insert, instill, interject, interpolate, interpose, intimate, in-
INSIDE, adjective backstage, behind, behind-the- troduce, involve, mention, point to indirectly, presume,
scenes, clandestine, classified, closeted, confidential, refer, signal, suggest, weave
hushed, in behind, in the back of, indoors, interior, internal, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: sexual harassment
inward, nonpublic, personal, private, privy, restricted, se-
cret, unadvertised, undercover, undisclosed, untold INSINUATION, noun allusion, aspersion, clue, hint, im-
plication, indirect allusion, indirect comment, indirect im-
INSIDE INFORMATION, noun clandestine, closeted, plication, inference, innuendo, intimation, oblique hint,
collusive, concealed information, confidential facts, covert, reference, significatio, suggestion, veiled observation,
nonpublic, private information, private materials, secret veiled remark
correspondence, undisclosed information, unmentioned
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: corporate law, insider trading, securi- INSIPID, adjective banal, bloodless, boring, colorless,
ties cases diluted, dreary, dull, feeble, flat, flavorless, frigidus, half-
hearted, impotent, inactive, ineffective, ineptus, insubstan-
INSIDER TRADING, noun criminality, disclosure of con- tial, insulsus, irresolute, languid, limp, pointless, powerless,
fidential information, illegal disclosure, illegal use, illegal savorless, spiritless, tame, tasteless, torpid, unanimated,
use of secret information, illegality, impropriety, infraction, uncaptivating, undramatic, unelevated, unemphatic, unen-
infringement, misappropriate nonpublic information and tertaining, unexciting, unimpassioned, uninspired, uninspir-
material, prohibited use of confidential information, SEC ing, uninteresting, unsavory, unscintillating, unsparkling,
violation, use of restricted information, violation of law unspiced, unspirited, unstrengthened, unvivid, vapid, void
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: insiders, Rule 10b-5, Securities of taste, weak, without force, without taste
Exchange Act
INSIST, verb accent, accentuate, argue, be obstinate, be
INSIDIOUS, adjective artful, beguiling, cheating, con- peremptory, be resolute, bid, brook no denial, command,
niving, covinous, crafty, cunning, deceitful, deceiving, de- contend, demand, dictate, efflagitare, emphasize, enforce,
ceptive, designing, devious, dishonest, disloyal, dolosus, enjoin, exact, exert pressure, exhort, exposcere, force upon,
ensnaring, fallax, false, false-hearted, foxy, fraudulent, fur- importune, impose, impress on, instare, lay stress on,
tive, guileful, hypocritical, inconstant, indirect, insidiosus, order, override, persevere, persist, press, press earnestly,
intriguing, lying, perfidious, plotting, scheming, serpentine, put pressure on, repeat, require, stand firm, stress, take no
sly, stealthy, subtle, surreptitious, treacherous, tricky, un- denial, underline, urge
derhanded, unscrupulous, vulpine, wily ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: insist on legal protections, insist on
one’s rights
INSIGHT, noun ability to understand, acuity, acumen,
acuteness, apperception, astuteness, awareness, clever- INSISTENT, adjective argumentative, assertive, bent
ness, cognition, cognizance, comprehension, conscious- upon, clamorous, coactive, coercive, commanding, com-
ness, discernment, discrimination, enlightenment, intelle- pelling, crying, demanding, disposed to insist, dogmatic,
gentia, intuition, intuitiveness, iudicium, keenness, ken, driving, emphatic, exigent, forceful, harping, impelling,
noesis, penetration, perception, percipience, percipiency, imperative, importunate, incessant, insisting on notice, in-
perspicacity, realization, sagaciousness, sagacity, sensitiv- stant, intent upon, iterative, monotonous, peremptory,
ity, sharpness, shrewdness, understanding, wisdom perseverant, persevering, persistent, persisting, pertina-
cious, pressing, recurrent, reiterative, repeated, repeti-
INSIGNIFICANCE, noun exiguitas, immateriality, in- tional, repetitionary, requesting, serious, striking, tena-
consequence, inconsequentiality, inessentiality, insubstan- cious, urgent, vehement
tiality, irrelevance, irrelevancy, momentariness, nominal- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: coercion, improper influence, intimi-
ness, paltriness, paucity, scantiness, scarceness, dation

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INSOLENCE, noun abruptness, audaciousness, audac- INSTALL (Induct), verb consecrate, crown, embed, em-
ity, brusqueness, churlishness, contempt, crudity, curtness, place, ensconce, enthrone, establish, inaugurate, initiate,
disagreeableness, discourtesy, disrespect, gruffness, im- instate, invest, ordain, put in, usher in
pertinence, impoliteness, impudence, incivility, inconsider-
ation, obnoxiousness, presumption, pretense, retort, rude- INSTALLATION, noun admission, ceremony of induc-
ness, sass, sullenness, surliness, tactlessness, tion into an office, establishment, inauguration, induction,
ungraciousness, vulgarity initiation, installment, instatement, institution, introduction,
investiture, launching, ordination, placement, presentation
INSOLENT, adjective abusive, arrogant, assuming, auda-
cious, bellicose, bold, brazen, bumptious, contemptuous, INSTALLMENT, noun advance, allotment, contract pay-
contumacious, contumax, contumelious, defiant, derisive, ment, deposit, disbursement, dividend, division, down
discourteous, disdainful, disobedient, disobliging, disregard- payment, fraction, one of several parts, one of several pay-
ful, disrespectful, flippant, fresh, froward, haughty, hector- ments, one of successive parts, parcel, part payment, part
ing, imperious, impertinent, impolite, impudens, impudent, payment of a debt, partial payment, pensio, periodic pay-
insolens, insulting, intolerant, magisterial, malapert, nervy, ment, portio, portion, remittance, section, segment, suc-
offensive, opprobrious, outrageous, overbearing, pert, pre- cessive portion, token payment
sumptuous, procacious, rude, sarcastic, saucy, shameless, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: installment contract, installment note,
supercilious, swaggering, toplofty, unabashed, unmannerly installment payments, installment plan, installment sale
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: contempt
INSTANCE, noun case, case in point, clarification, dem-
INSOLUBLE, adjective disputable, doubtable, doubtful, onstration, elucidation, embodiment, ensample, example,
dubious, futile, hopeless, implausible, impracticable, in- exemplar, exemplification, exemplum, frame of reference,
comprehensible, inconceivable, inextricable, infeasible, in- illustration, model, paradigm, representative, representa-
solvable, insuperable, outlandish, preposterous, shaky, tive selection, sample, specimen, type
suspect, unattainable, undoable, unexplainable, unlikely, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: first instance, special instance, specific
unrealizable, unworkable instance

INSOLVENT, adjective bankrupt, broke, defaulting, des- INSTANT, adjective approaching, at once, at the pres-
titute, failed, impecunious, impoverished, in arrears, in- ent time, at this moment, close, close at hand, current,
debted, lacking funds, moneyless, out of funds, out of early, existent, forthcoming, forthwith, imminent, impend-
money, penniless, reduced, ruined, unable to pay ing, in process, looming, near, near at hand, punctual,
punctum temporis, ready, simultaneous, speedy, upcom-
INSPECT, verb analyze, audit, check, check out, check ing, without delay
over, comb, delve into, examine, explore, investigate, look ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: instant case, instant motion
into, monitor, observe, oversee, peruse, pick over, plumb,
pore over, probe, research, review, scan, scrutinize, study, INSTANTANEOUS, adjective abrupt, expeditious, hasty,
survey, view, watch hurried, immediate, instant, occurring in an instant, prae-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: depositions, disclosure, discovery, sens, prompt, quick, rapid, simultaneous, speedy, subitus,
document production, interrogatories, notice to produce swift, without delay, without perceptible time lapse
guilty, subpoenas
INSTANTLY, adverb anon, at once, directly, expedi-
INSPECTION, noun appraisal, ascertainment, assess- tiously, extemplo, fast, forthwith, hastily, hurriedly, immedi-
ment, careful scrutiny, critical examination, critical viewing, ately, instantaneously, now, presently, promptly, quickly,
critique, evaluation, examination, exploration, inquest, in- rapidly, right away, right now, shortly, soon, speedily,
quiry, inventory, observation, perusal, reconnaissance, re- straightway, swiftly, with speed, without a wait, without
view, scrutiny, study, surveillance, survey, trial, visual ex- any lapse of time, without delay, without hesitation, with-
amination out notice
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: audit, authority to inspect, inspection
for patent or latent defects, inspection of premises, inspec- INSTATE, verb admit, appoint, confirmare, constituere,
tion of records, on sight inspection, subject to inspection designate, endow, enlist, enroll, ensconce, entrust, estab-
lish, establish in an office, found, give admittance to, give
INSPIRATION, noun animus, arousal, artistry, awaken- entrance to, inaugurare, inaugurate, induct, initiare, initi-
ing, brainchild, catalyst, creativity, encouragement, exam- ate, install, instituere, introduce, introduce into office, in-
ple, flash, hero, idea, illumination, incentive, influence, in- vest, launch, lay the foundations, lead the way, name,
genuity, insight, motivation, motive, muse, resource, nominate, place, place in office, plant, put in possession,
spark, spur, stimulation, stimulus, talent, vision receive, seat, set, stabilire, statuere, take in

INSPIRE, verb actuate, animate, arouse, awaken, bring INSTIGATE, verb abet, actuate, agitate, coax, em-
about, cause, convince, effect, effectuate, elicit, encourage, bolden, encourage, enflame, enkindle, excite, fire, fire up,
enkindle, enliven, evoke, excitare, exert influence, fill with foment, generate, goad, impel, incite, induce, inflame, in-
enthusiasm, generate, give an impetus, imbue, impassion, fluence, initiate, inspire, inspirit, invigorate, lure, motivate,
impel, incendere, incitare, incite, induce, influence, insti- move, persuade, prevail upon, prod, prompt, provoke,
gate, kindle, launch, motivate, move, occasion, originate, push, spur, start, stimulate, stir up, thrust, urge
persuade, precipitate, prevail upon, produce, prompt, pro- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: code of conduct for law enforcement
voke, set astir, stimulate, sway, underlie, urge, wake officials, entrapment

INSTALL (Build In), verb construct, embed, emplace, INSTIGATION, noun actuation, agitation, animation,
ensconce, fit, fix, lodge, place, put in cajolery, causation, coaxing, easement, encouragement,

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excitation, exhortation, fomentation, goading, helpfulness, decree, issue an order, lay down the law, make a decree, make
hortation, impetus, impulsion, incentive, incitation, incite- an order, mandare, order, pass orders, praescribere, prescribe,
ment, inducement, influence, initiation, insistance, insis- prescribe a task, prompt, promulgate a decree, promulgate an
tence, inspiration, invigoration, invitation, irritation, motiva- order, recommend, require, send an order, suggest, tell
tion, persuasion, perturbation, piquancy, pressure, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: instruct the jury
prompting, provocation, solicitation, stimulation, stimulus,
suasion, supporting, taunting, urging INSTRUCT (Teach), verb acquaint, comment upon, con-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accomplice, aiding and abetting a vey information, direct one’s attention, edify, educate,
crime, instigation of a crime, promoting a crime elucidate, enlighten, erudire, explain, expound, familiarize,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Plus peccat author quam actor. The fill with information, give by way of information, give les-
originator or instigator of a crime is a worse offender than sons in, give to understand, guide, guide the studies of, il-
the actual perpetrator of it. lumine, impart, implant, impress upon the memory, im-
press upon the mind, inculcate, indoctrinate, inform, instill,
INSTILL, verb direct, educate, familiarize with, ground, instituere, lecture, make known, point out, prepare, pres-
guide, impart, impart gradually, implant, impress upon the ent, prime, provide with information, put before, qualify,
mind, inculcate, indoctrinate, infix, inform, infuse, inject, school, show, train, tutor
instillare, instruct, prepare, propagandize, qualify, school,
teach, train, tutor INSTRUCTION (Direction), noun advice, authoritative
statement, bidding, categorical imperative, caveat, charge,
INSTINCT, noun affinity, appetitus, aptitude, aptness, command, commandment, commission, decree, edifica-
automatic reaction, bent, fitness, inborn proclivity, inclina- tion, firm advice, guidance, jury charge, mandate, manda-
tion, innate inclination, innate proclivity, intuition, involun- tum, order, praescriptum, precept, regulation, require-
tariness, native tendency, natural sense, natural tendency, ment, rule, word of command, written order
predisposition, proclivity, proneness, propensity, reflex ac- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: instruction to a jury, peremptory in-
tion, tendency, untutored intelligence struction, special instructions
FOREIGN PHRASES: Matter en ley ne serra mise in bouche del
INSTINCTIVE, adjective abrupt, automatic, chance, jurors. A matter of law shall not be put into the mouth of
conditioned, hereditary, inadvertent, innate, instantaneous, jurors.
instinctive, involuntary, mechanic, mechanical, natural, off-
hand, Pavlovian, quick, random, rash, reactionary, reactive, INSTRUCTION (Teaching), noun detailed statement, dis-
reflect, simple, spontaneous, subconscious, subliminal, course, doctrina, edification, education, eruditio, explanation,
sudden, unconscious, unintended, unplanned, unpremedi- exposition, guidance, inculcation, indoctrination, institutio,
tated, unwitting, visceral lecture, pedagogy, preaching, preparation, recital, recitation,
schooling, sermon, training, tutelage, tutoring, upbringing
INSTITUTE, noun academy, alliance, association, board,
body, brotherhood, cadre, chamber, clan, clique, club, INSTRUMENT (Document), noun bill, certificate, charter,
coalition, collective, college, community, concern, con- deed, draft, evidential writing, executed and delivered
gress, conlegium, consortium, cooperative, coterie, coun- writing, formal writing, official record, official writing,
cil, educational institution, establishment, fellowship, firm, paper, record, solemn writing, syngrapha, tabula, writ-
foundation, fraternity, group, guild, house, institution, in- ing, writing delivered as the evidence of an agreement,
stitution of learning, league, lyceum, order, organization, writing which gives formal expression to a legal act, written
place of education, school, society, sodalitas, syndicate, formal expression
system, union, university ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: allonge, instrument evidencing a debt,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: business institution, charitable institu- instrument of writing, negotiable instrument
tion, educational institution, financial institution, lending FOREIGN PHRASES: Mala grammatica non vitiat chartam,
institution, literary institution, penal institution, philan- sed in expositione instrumentorum mala grammatica
thropic institution, private institution, public institution quoad fieri possit evitanda est. Bad grammar does not
vitiate a deed, but in the drafting of instruments, bad gram-
INSTITUTE A LAWSUIT, verb bring suit, bring to litiga- mar should, as far as possible, be avoided. Ubi nulla est
tion, commence an action, file a claim, institute an action at conjectura quae ducat alio, verba intelligenda sunt ex
law, litigate, sue, take action proprietate, non grammatica, sed populari ex usu.
Where there is nothing which calls for another construction,
INSTITUTION (Commencement), noun beginning, in- words are to be understood according to their proper
auguration, inception, initiation, installation, installment, sense, not according to their strict grammatical meaning,
open introduction but according to their popular sense. Qui haeret in litera
haeret in cortice. He who adheres to the letter of an instru-
INSTITUTION (Custom), noun academy, alliance, as- ment goes but skin deep into its meaning.
sociation, bylaw, canon, code, custom, established usage,
establishment, familiar practice, fraternity, institute, law, INSTRUMENT (Tool), noun agency, agent, aid, appara-
league, ordinance, organization, permanent rule, place of tus, appliance, article, channel, contributing force, contriv-
education, prevalent practice, regulation, union ance, device, equipment, facility, implement, instrumentum,
machine, machinery, means, mechanical construction,
INSTRUCT (Direct), verb advise, advocate, bid, brief, call mechanism, medium, utensil, utility, vehicle
upon, charge, coach, command, compel, counsel, decree, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: instrument of fraud
demand, dictate, enact, exact, give a directive, give a man-
date, give an order, give authoritative instructions to, give the INSTRUMENTAL, adjective advantageous, aiding, as-
signal, give the word, give the word of command, guide, sisting, auxiliary, beneficial, conducive, contributory,
impose a duty, impose a task, issue a command, issue a helpful, indispensable, serviceable, useful, valuable

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INSTRUMENTALITY, noun channel, device, equipment, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: insufficient evidence, insufficient
expedient, implement, instrument, interagent, intermediary, funds, insufficient service, insufficient verdict
intermediate, intermedium, machinery, manner, means,
medium, method, mode, operation, process, resource, INSUFFICIENT EVIDENCE, noun a negligible amount of
stratagem, technic, technique, tool, vehicle, way, where- evidence, absence of sufficient evidence, bereft of evi-
withal dence, deficient amount of evidence, devoid of sufficient
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: dangerous instrumentality proof, failing proof, inadequate amount of persuasive facts,
inadequate confirmation, inadequate facts to prove the
INSUBORDINATE, adjective contumacious, defiant, dis- point in question, inadequate means of proof, inadequate
loyal, disobedient, dissident, fractious, froward, indocile, proof, inadequate proof of facts, inadequate substantiation,
insubmissive, insurgent, insurrectionary, intractable, lawless, incomplete evidence, insufficient admitted testimony, in-
mutinous, noncompliant, rebellious, recalcitrant, recusant, sufficient body of facts, insufficient corroboration, insuffi-
refractory, resistive, restive, revolutionary, sansculottic, se- cient facts to establish the point in issue, insufficient means
ditiosus, treacherous, treasonous, turbulentus, uncomply- of proving a fact, insufficient proof at trial, insufficient veri-
ing, ungovernable, unruly, wayward fication, lacking proof, lean on evidence, meager degree of
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: contempt, discharge evidence, paltry amount of evidence, scant testimony, slim
proof, sparse proof, thin evidence, weak on evidence
INSUBSTANTIAL, adjective airy, baseless, bodiless, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: dismissal of an action, woefully insuf-
chimerical, ephemeral, fanciful, feeble, flimsy, fragile, frail, ficient evidence
groundless, hallucinatory, illusive, illusory, imaginary,
imagined, immaterial, impalpable, inadequate, INSULAR, adjective alone, apart, confined, detached,
inconsequential, inconsiderable, incorporeal, infirm, insig- discrete, distinct, enisled, isolated, removed, self-sufficient,
nificant, lacking firmness, lacking substance, lame, made separate, solitary
poorly, modest, nonexistent, notional, of no conse-
quence, paltry, petty, picayune, poor, powerless, scant, INSULATE, verb compartmentalize, cut off, detach, iso-
slender, slight, slim, spectral, superficial, tenuous, thin, tri- late, keep apart, quarantine, screen off, seclude, segregate,
fling, trivial, unbased, unfirm, unfounded, ungrounded, separate, sequester, set apart, zone
unimportant, unreal, unsolid, unsound, unsubstantial, un-
supportable, unsustainable, untenable, vague, visionary, INSULT, noun abuse, affront, aspersion, atrocity, defa-
weak, without basis, without foundation, without plausibil- mation, defilement, derision, diatribe, disparagement, enor-
ity, without reality, wobbly, worthless mity, impertinence, incivility, indignity, insolence, mockery,
offense, offensive remark, open disrespect, outrage, provo-
INSUFFERABLE, adjective acute, agonizing, crushing, cation, rebuff, revilement, ridicule, rudeness, slap in the
distressing, dreadful, excruciating, extreme, frightful, harrow- face, slight, snub, uncomplimentary remarks, vulgarity
ing, harsh, hurtful, impossible, insupportable, intolerabilis,
intolerable, intolerandus, painful, past bearing, past enduring, INSULT, verb affront, be rude to, denigrate, deride,
racking, searing, severe, torturous, unbearable, unendurable disoblige, disparage, display insolence toward, disregard,
disrespect, flout, hector, hold in derision, humiliate, jeer,
INSUFFERABLE HARM, noun disablement, evil, malig- mock, offend, pique, provoke, raise one’s dander, rebuff,
nance, malignancy, malignity, massive injury, not corrected ridicule, treat with contemptuousness, treat with discour-
by monetary compensation, noxiousness, permanent harm, tesy, treat with indignity
perniciousness, ruin, serious damage, serious ill-treatment,
significant detriment, significant ill-consequence, significant INSUPERABLE, adjective beyond control, difficult,
impairment, unbearable aggravation, unbearable harm, formidable, impassible, impervious, impossible, impracti-
virulence cable, impregnable, inaccessible, incapable of being over-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: Latham Act, Patent Act, permanent come, incapable of being surmounted, indomitable, innavi-
injunctions, preliminary injunctions, temporary restraining gable, insurmountable, invictus, invincible, invulnerable,
orders, Uniform Trade Secrets Act out of reach, out of the question, unachievable, unassail-
able, unattackable, unattainable, unbeatable, unbridgeable,
INSUFFICIENCY, noun absence, dearth, deficiency, unconquerable, undefeatable, unfeasable, unmasterable,
deficit, depletion, emptiness, exhaustion, exiguity, exigu- unobtainable, unovercomable
ousness, falling short, fewness, inadequacy, inadequate-
ness, incompetence, incompleteness, inopia, lack, meager- INSURABLE INTEREST, noun acceptable insured, ac-
ness, need, not enough, paucity, penuria, scantiness, ceptable risk, capable of being insured, insurable owner-
scantness, scarcity, short fall, short measure, short supply, ship, insurable risk, insurable stake, legitimate interest,
shortage, shortcoming, sparseness, stint, too few, want stake, sufficiently close relationships, vested interest
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: insufficiency of evidence, insuffi- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: life insurance
ciency of law to support a verdict
INSURANCE, noun agreement to pay, assurance
INSUFFICIENT, adjective bereft of, defective, deficient, against loss, bond against risk, compensation for injury,
denuded of, destitute of, devoid of, drained, failing, faint, compensation for loss, contract against future loss, contract
feeble, haud sufficiens, impar, imperfect, in default, inade- against unknown contingencies, guarantee against loss,
quate, incapable, incommensurate, incompetent, incom- indemnification, indemnity against loss, pledge, promise,
plete, inconsiderable, lacking, lean, meager, missing, negli- protection against loss, security against loss, stipulation to
gible, not enough, not sufficient, paltry, poor, scant, scanty, compensate for loss, warranty against loss
scarce, short, shy, slender, slight, slim, spare, sparse, thin, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accident insurance, binder, casualty
too little, uncompleted, unequal, unfinished, unfit, unfitted, insurance, claim, coinsurance, contract of insurance, con-
unqualified, unsound, unsufficing, unsuited, wanting, weak tributing insurance, controlled insurance, endowment

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 INSURE

insurance, excess insurance, fidelity insurance, fire insur- obstinate, pachydermatous, pococurante, recalcitrant, re-
ance, group insurance, guaranty insurance, health insur- gardless, removed, renitent, sensu carere, stubborn, tough,
ance, insurance agent, insurance application, insurance toughened, unaffected, unaroused, unbending, uncon-
broker, insurance carrier, insured, insurer, liability insur- cerned, unemotional, unfeeling, ungiving, unimpassioned,
ance, life insurance, loss, marine insurance, nonforfeitable unimpressible, uninterested, unmoved, unresponsive, un-
insurance, occupational disability insurance, ordinary insur- stirred, unsympathetic, untouched, unwilling to care, un-
ance, paid-up insurance, policy of insurance, premium, yielding, without regard
property insurance, reinsurance, surety insurance, term
insurance, title insurance, valued insurance, vehicle insur- INTACT, adjective all-embracing, all in one, all-inclusive,
ance, whole life insurance complete, comprehensive, entire, faultless, flawless, free from
imperfection, full, in good order, in its original form, in one
INSURE, verb cover against loss, gain indemnity against piece, in perfect condition, inclusive, intactus, integer, inte-
loss, guarantee against loss, have underwritten, obtain in- gral, inviolate, perfect, preserved, replete, safe, salvus, solid,
surance, protect against loss, reassure, secure against loss, sound, together, unabated, unabridged, unaffected by injury,
underwrite against loss unalloyed, unaltered, unblemished, unbroken, unbruised,
uncensored, unchanged, uncut, undamaged, undecayed,
INSURER, noun assurer, compensator, guarantee, guar- undefaced, undemolished, undestroyed, undiminished, undi-
antor, indemnifier, indemnitor, insurance company, recom- vided, unedited, unexpurgated, unfaded, unharmed, unhurt,
penser, remunerator, surety, underwriter unified, unimpaired, uninjured, unmarked, unmarred, unre-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: absolute insurer, accident and health duced, unscarred, unscathed, unscratched, unsevered, un-
insurer, agent, broker, casualty insurer, liability insurer, life shattered, unspoiled, unsullied, untainted, untorn, untouched,
insurer unworn, whole, with nothing missing, without loss
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: keeping a law intact
INSURGENCY, noun agitators, criminals, exciters, guer-
rillas, incendiaries, inducers, inspirers, insurrection, prompt- INTANGIBLE, adjective abstract, aerial, airy, amor-
ers, provokers, rebellion, rebels, revolutionaries, stimula- phous, asomatous, bodiless, difficult to appraise, dim, dis-
tors, uprising carnate, disembodied, ethereal, immaterial, impalpable,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: counter insurgency strategy, global imperceptible, imponderable, inappreciable, inconspicu-
insurgency, quelling insurgency ous, incorporal, incorporate, incorporeal, indefinite, indis-
cernible, infinitesimal, insensible, insubstantial, intactile,
INSURGENT, noun agitator, anarchist, demagogue, dis- intactilis, invisible, nonphysical, nonsubstantial, not clear to
rupter, insubordinate, insurrectionary, insurrectionist, muti- the mind, not definite, shadowy, spiritual, theoretical, un-
neer, nihilist, radical, rebel, rebellis, reformer, renegade, apparent, unbeholdable, uncertain, unconcrete, undiscern-
revolter, revolutionary, revolutionist, rioter, seditionary, ible, unearthly, unfleshly, unperceivable, unphysical, unsee-
subverter, traitor able, unsolid, unsubstantial, untouchable, vague,
weightless, without form, without physical substance
INSURMOUNTABLE, adjective beyond one’s power, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: intangible assets, intangible person-
beyond one’s reach, beyond the bounds of possibility, formi- alty, intangible property
dable, hardly possible, impassable, impenetrable, impossible,
impracticable, impregnable, inaccessible, incapable of being INTANGIBLE, noun assignable rights of action, chose in
done, incapable of being overcome, incapable of success, action, incorporeal entity, intactilis, personal chattels which
indomitable, inexpugnable, insoluble, insuperable, invincible, are not in possession, personal right not reduced to posses-
out of reach, out of the question, too difficult, too hard, un- sion, right, right to personal things, right to recovery
achievable, unassailable, unattackable, unattainable, unbeat- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: intangible assets, intangible person-
able, unconquerable, undefeatable, unfeasible, unmasterable, alty, intangible property, intangible trust property
unperformable, unrealizable, unsolvable, unsubduable, un-
surmountable, unvanquishable, unviable, unworkable INTEGRAL, adjective basic, cardinal, central, compo-
nent, constituent, elemental, essential, essential to com-
INSURRECTION, noun anarchy, defiance, disobedi- pleteness, fundamental, indispensable, integrant, irreplace-
ence, disorder, disturbance, insubordination, insurgence, able, necessarius, necessary, needed, needful, prerequisite,
insurgency, motus, mutineering, mutiny, noncompliance, primary, required, requisite, vital
outbreak, overthrow, political upheaval, rebellio, rebellion, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: integral part of a case
resistance to government, revolt, revolution, riot, rising,
seditio, sedition, uprising INTEGRATE, verb accommodate, adjust, aggregate,
amass, assimilate, combine, complete, connect, constitute
INSUSCEPTIBLE (Resistant), adjective able to with- a whole, coordinate, desegregate, embody, embrace, fit,
stand, capable of resisting, defended, fortified, having im- harmonize, join, make into a whole, proportion, relate,
munity, having resistance, immune, immunized, not sensi- synchronize, systematize, unify
tive to, protected, repellent, strengthened, strong, tough,
unyielding INTEGRATION (Amalgamation), noun admixture, af-
filiation, alliance, association, blend, blending, coadunation,
INSUSCEPTIBLE (Uncaring), adjective aloof, apa- coalition, coexistence, combination, confederation, consoli-
thetic, blind, callous, capable of resisting, capable of with- dation, federalization, fusion, incorporation, intermixture,
standing, cold, cool, deaf, detached, devoid of feeling, medley, merger, mingling, mix, unification, union
distant, frigid, hard, hardened, heartless, impassive, imper- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: integration of the terms into a contract
vious, incapable of caring, indifferent, indurate, indurated,
inflexible, insensate, insensible, insensitive, insolicitous, in- INTEGRATION (Assimilation), noun agreement, alli-
souciant, insusceptire, lacking feeling, numb, obdurate, ance, association, coalition, coexistence, combination,

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confederation, consociation, cooperation, federation, fel- precise, realizable, scrutable, simple, solvable, unambigu-
lowship, merger, mingling, participation, partnership, racial ous, understandable, unequivocal, unmistakable
balance, racial harmonization, racial harmony, removal of
discrimination, solidarity, togetherness, undividedness INTEMPERATE, adjective exceeding, excessive, exorbi-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: equal protection, segregation tant, extravagant, extreme, immoderate, inabstinent, indul-
gent, inordinate, unbridled, unchecked, uncontrolled, un-
INTEGRITY, noun character, estimableness, fairness, curbed, uninhibited, unlimited, unmeasured, unreined,
faithfulness, fidelity, good faith, goodness, high character, unrestrained, unruly, unsuppressed, untempered, wasteful
high-mindedness, honesty, honor, honorableness, incor-
ruptibility, innocentia, integritas, justness, moral soundness, INTEND, verb aim, aspire to, be determined to, calcu-
moral strength, morality, nobleness, principle, probitas, late, cogitare, design, desire, determine upon, drive at,
probity, propriety, purity, rectitude, reputability, responsi- elect, endeavor, expect, fix the mind upon, harbor a design,
bility, righteousness, scruples, scrupulousness, self-respect, have in mind, have in view, intendere, mean, plan, pre-
sincerity, sound moral principle, strict honesty, trustworthi- meditate, presume, propose, purpose, resolve, scheme,
ness, truthfulness, upright moral character, uprightness, up- set as a goal
rightness of character, upstandingness, veridicality, virtue, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: intended design, intended destination,
virtuousness, worthiness intended purpose, intended to take effect upon death,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: character evidence, impugning the precatory words
integrity of a witness, want of integrity
INTENSE, adjective acer, acrimonious, active, acute,
INTELLECT, noun ability to perceive, ability to reason, aggressive, agonizing, all-consuming, ambitious, angry,
ability to understand, brain, brilliance, cerebration, cogni- animated, anxiety ridden, ardens, ardent, aspiring, as-
tion, cognitive faculty, comprehension, genius, intellectual siduous, brisk, burning, close, concentrated, consuming,
powers, intellectuality, intellegentia, intelligence, mens, cutting, deep, determined, diligent, distressing, drastic,
mental ability, mental acuteness, mental capacity, mental dynamic, earnest, emotional, emotive, energetic, enthusi-
faculty, mentality, mind, power to reason, rational faculty, astic, excessive, excitable, excited, extraordinary, extreme,
rationality, reach of mind, reason, reasoning faculty, rea- fervent, fervid, feverish, fierce, fiery, flaming, flaring, force-
soning power, sense, understanding ful, frantic, frenzied, grave, harrowing, harsh, head-strong,
heated, heightened, high-pressure, hostile, hot-heated,
INTELLECTUAL GILL-NETTING, noun gaining intellec- hysterical, impassioned, impatient, impetuous, impulsive,
tual rights through burying the language in an agreement, industrious, inflamed, injurious, intensified, intensive, in-
purchase of all intellectual rights in boilerplate language, tent, intentus, keen, malicious, nervous, passionate, perfer-
purchase of intellectual rights, purchasing perpetual and vid, powerful, profound, pungent, purposeful, rancorous,
universal multimedia rights in hidden contractual language resolved, rigorous, serious, severe, sharp, single-minded,
stinging, strenuous, strict, strong, tense, testy, undeviating,
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS, noun creative unwavering, vehement, vigorous, vivid, zealous
product protection, creative thinking protection, protec- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: intense law enforcement focus, intense
tion, protection of creativity, protection of writings scrutiny
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: copyrights, patent trademarks
INTENSIFY, verb add to, aggravate, amplificare, augere,
INTELLIGENCE (Intellect), noun acumen, aptitude, as- augment, boost, concentrate, deepen, emphasize, enhance,
tuteness, brains, brilliance, cleverness, cognition, cognitive escalate, exacerbate, exaggerate, heighten, increase, in-
faculty, comprehension, genius, insight, intellectional flame, magnify, redouble, sharpen, step up, strengthen
faculty, intellectual power, intellectuality, intellegentia,
keenness, mens, mental ability, mental acuteness, mental INTENSITY, noun acuteness, amplitude, ardor, bright-
capacity, mental faculty, mentality, mind, power to reason, ness, brilliance, degree, devotion, eagerness, earnestness,
quickness of perception, rational faculty, rationality, reach energy, enthusiasm, extent, extreme degree, fervency,
of mind, reason, reasoning faculty, reasoning power, sagac- fervor, force, furiousness, high degree, high pressure, loud-
ity, sense, understanding, wisdom ness, magnitude, main force, mightiness, passion, potency,
power, pressure, puissance, rigor, severity, sharpness,
INTELLIGENCE (News), noun account, acquired facts, spirit, strength, vehemence, vigor, vividness, warmth, zeal
aviso, communication, communiqué, data, details, dis-
patch, enlightenment, information, knowledge, known INTENSIVE, adjective acute, ardent, concentrated,
facts, message, monition, notice, nuntius, report, tidings, exhaustive, fervent, forceful, intense, intentivus, powerful,
tip, warning, word sharp, strenuous, strong, thorough, thoroughgoing, un-
mitigated, vehement, vigorous, zealous
INTELLIGENT, adjective able, acute, astute, brainy,
bright, capable, clever, discerning, enlightened, gifted, in- INTENT, noun aim, attentus, choice, contemplation,
tellectual, judicious, knowing, knowledgeable, perspica- design, determination, end, erectus, intentus, meaning,
cious, perceptive, percipient, sagacious, sapient, sciential, mind, motive, object, objective, plan, point, predetermina-
sensible, sharp-witted, shrewd, talented, understanding, tion, purport, purpose, resolution, resolve, scheme, scope,
well-informed, wise view, volition
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: charitable intent, corrupt intent,
INTELLIGIBLE, adjective apprehensible, articulate, criminal intent, felonious intent, fraudulent intent, general
clear, cognizable, cognizant, coherent, comprehensible, intent, implied intent, intent of parties to contract, intent of
definite, descriptive, distinct, easily understood, evident, testator, intent to defraud, larcenous intent, malice, mutual
explicable, explicit, fathomable, graphic, knowable, lucid, intent, premeditation, presumed intent, specific intent,
manifest, obvious, palpable, pellucid, plain, plain-spoken, testamentary intent, transferred intent

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FOREIGN PHRASES: Quod factum est, cum in obscuro sit, ex predetermined, premeditated, purposed, purposeful, rea-
affectione cujusque capit interpretationem. When there soned, resolved, studied, thought out, thoughtful, willful
is doubt about an act, it receives interpretation from the ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: intentional act, intentional homicide,
feelings or disposition of the actor. Impunitas continuum intentional neglect, intentional tort
affectum tribuit delinquendi. Impunity confirms the dis-
position of a delinquent. Intentio mea imponit nomen INTER VIVOS, noun conferment between the living,
operi meo. My intent gives a name to my act. Non aliter a conveyance between the living, transfer among the living
significatione verborum recedi oportet quam cum man- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: inter vivos will
ifestum est, aliud sensisse testatorem. The ordinary
meaning of the words ought not to be departed from unless INTERAGENT, noun agent, broker, go-between, instru-
it is evident that the testator intended otherwise. Quicunque ment, intermediary, intermediate, intermediate agent, in-
jussu judicis aliquid fecerit non videtur dolo malo fe- termediator, intervener, intervening agent, mediating
cisse, quia parere necesse est. Whoever does anything by agency, mediator, medium, middleman, negotiator,
the command of a judge is not deemed to have done it with spokesman, vehicle
an evil intent, because it is necessary to obey. Voluntas et
propositum distinguunt maleficia. The will and purpose INTERCEDE, verb act as agent, act as go-between, act
distinguish offenses. In criminalibus, sufficit generalis as mediator, arbitrate, bring into harmony, bring to an un-
malitia intentionis, cum facto paris gradus. In crimes, a derstanding, bring to terms, bring together, compose dif-
general malicious intent suffices where there is an act of ferences, conciliate, deprecari, interfere, intermeddle, inter-
equal degree. In criminalibus, voluntas reputabitur pro mediate, interpose, intervene, judge, make peace between,
facto. In criminal cases, the intent will be taken for the deed. meddle, mediate, moderate, negotiate, petition for, plead,
Voluntas facit quod in testamento scriptum valeat. The referee, settle, stand between, step in, umpire
will of the testator gives validity to what is written in the
will. Actus non facit reum, nisi mens sit rea. An act does INTERCEPT, verb avert, block, check, close with, come
not render a person guilty, unless the mind is guilty. between, commandeer, confiscate, debar, detain, dispossess,
Impunitas continuum affectum tribuit delinquendi. disrupt, foil, forestall, hamper, hinder, impede, impound,
Impunity confirms the disposition of a delinquent. In atro- inhibit, interfere, interpose, interrupt, obstruct, occlude,
cioribus delictis punitur affectus licet non sequatur ef- parry, preclude, prevent, restrain, retard, stave, stay, stem,
fectus. In the more atrocious crimes the intent is punished, stop, thwart, wrest from
although an effect does not follow. Malitia est acida; est ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: intercept criminal activity
mali animi affectus. Malice is sour; it is the quality of an
evil mind. Voluntas in delictis, non exitus spectatur. In INTERCESSION, noun arbitrage, arbitration, concilia-
crimes, the intent, and not the result, is regarded. tion, deprecatio, diplomacy, instrumentality, interference,
interjection, intermeddling, intermediation, interposition,
INTENTION, noun aim, ambition, consilium, design, intervention, mediation, negotiation, peacemaking, recon-
desire, destination, determination, direction, earnestness, cilement, reconciliation, supplication
end in view, end intended, fixed direction, fixed purpose,
goal, institutum, mark, object, objective, plan, propositum, INTERCHANGE, noun alternation, barter, change, ex-
purpose, resolution, resolve, set purpose, settled determi- change, give and take, intercourse, permutatio, rearrange-
nation, target, ultimate purpose ment, reciprocal exchange, reciprocation, requital, retalia-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: donative intention, implied intention, tion, swap, trade, transaction
the intention of the parties, malicious intention
FOREIGN PHRASES: In testamentis plenius voluntates tes- INTERDICT, verb arrest, bar, block, check, debar, de-
tantium interpretantur. In wills, the intentions of the tes- clare illegal, deny, deter, disallow, embargo, enjoin, forbid,
tators should be fully regarded. Non efficit affectus nisi halt, hinder, impede, inhibit, interdicere, obstruct, preclude,
sequatur effectus. The intention amounts to nothing un- prevent, prohibit, proscribe, refuse permission, repress,
less some effect follows. In conventionibus, contrahen- restrain, restrict, stop, thwart, veto
tium voluntas potius quam verba spectari placuit. In
contracts, it is the rule to regard the intention of the parties INTEREST (Concern), noun absorption, admiration,
rather than the actual words. Culpa lata dolo aequipara- anxiety, application, assiduity, attention, attention to detail,
tur. Gross negligence is held equivalent to malice. In ma- awe, care, close attention, concentration, conscientious-
leficiis voluntas spectatur, non exitus. In offenses, the ness, consequence, consideration, curiosity, curiousness,
intention is regarded, not the result. Intentio inservire desire to know, diligent attention, disposition to inquire,
debet legibus, non leges intentioni. The intention of a eagerness, enthusiasm, esteem, excitement, gravity, heed,
party ought to be subservient to the laws, not the laws to heedfulness, import, importance, inclination to ask ques-
intentions. Benigne faciendae sunt interpretationes, tions, intentiveness, intentness, mark, meddling, meticulos-
propter simplicitatem laicorum, ut res magis valeat ity, mindfulness, minute attention, minuteness, moment,
quam pereat; et verba intentioni, non e contra, debent note, pertinence, preoccupation, prying, questioning, re-
inservire. Interpretations should be liberal, because of the gard, regardfulness, relevance, reverence, salience, signifi-
lack of training of laymen, so that the subject matter should cance, solicitude, studiousness, studium, thoughtfulness,
be valid rather than void; and words should be subject to undivided attention, veneration, weight, weightiness, worry
the intention, not the intention to the words. ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: conflict of interest, declaration against
interest, direct interest, insurable interest, interest in the
INTENTIONAL, adjective by design, calculated, cogita- controversy, interested witness, legal interest, material in-
tus, conscious, consideratus, considered, contemplated, terest, real party in interest, united in interest
decided, deliberate, designed, determined, intended, know-
ing, lentus, meditated, outlined before hand, planned, INTEREST (Ownership), noun assets, belongings,
pondered, prearranged, preconsidered, predesigned, claim, dominion, droit, holding, lawful possession, part,

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participation, percentage of ownership, portion, posses- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: consent necessity, law enforcement,
sion, property, proprietorship, right, right of ownership, self defense, torts
rightful possession, seisin, share, stake, title
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accounts bearing interest, assignable INTERFERENCE, noun antagonism, antipathy, bar, bar-
interest, beneficial interest, common interest, contingent in- rier, censure, check, collision, conflict, contravention,
terest, continuity of interest, controlling interest, future inter- damper, disapproval, disturbance, encumbrance, fetter, fric-
est, interest in land, joint interest, legal interest, legal rate of tion, frustration, hindrance, impediment, imposition, in-
interest, life interest, person interested in a will, property fringement, interception, intercession, intermediacy, inter-
interest, qualified interest, remainder interest, remaining in- position, interruption, intervention, intrusion, invasion,
terest, transfer of interest, undivided interest meddling, nuisance, obstruction, onus, opposition, prohibi-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Nemo plus juris ad alienum transferre tion, resistance, restraint, setback, stricture, stumbling block
potest quam ipse habet. No one can transfer to another ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: contempt, frustration of contract, inter-
any greater right than he himself has. ference with contractual relations

INTEREST (Profit), noun accrual, advantage, dividend, INTERIM, adjective impermanent, intermediate, make-
earnings, faenus, gain, increment, monetary benefit, mon- shift, provisional, provisory, temporary, temporis interval-
etary gain, premium for the use of money, profit from lum, tentative, transient, unfinished, unofficial
money loaned, usura ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: interim relief, interim stay, provisional
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: legal rate of interest, usury remedies

INTEREST, verb absorb, affect, arouse, arouse notice, INTERIOR, adjective inherent, innate, inner, innermost,
arouse one’s enthusiasm, attract, attract notice, beguile, internal, inward, private, secret
catch the eye, concern, delectare, divert one’s attention,
engage the attention, engage the mind, engage the INTERIOR, noun center, core, essence, inland, inner
thoughts, engross, engross the mind, engross the thoughts, part, inside, middle
entangle, entertain, enthrall, entice, excite, fascinate, grip,
hold the attention, inspire, involve, move, occupy, occupy INTERJECT, verb add, blurt, comment, exclaim, explain,
the attention, pique, placere, rouse, stir, tantalize, tempt, express, force in, implant, include, incorporate, infiltrate,
titillate, touch, whet one’s interest inject, insert, intercalate, intericere, interjaculate, intermin-
gle, interpolate, interponere, interpose, interrupt, intervene,
INTERESTED, adjective affected, affiliated, associated, interweave, introduce, intromit, place into, put between,
biased, concerned, connected, directly affected by the out- set forth, specify, state, thrust in, vociferate, work in
come of a controversy, having investments in, influenced,
involved, one-sided, partial, partisan, prejudiced, prepos- INTERLOCKING, adjective connective, correlative, in-
sessed, solicitous, undetached teracting, interlinking, meshing
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: interested juror, interested party, inter- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: interlocking defenses, interlocking in-
ested witness struments, interlocking signal systems

INTERFERE, verb arrest, bar, be an obstacle, block, break INTERLOCUTORY, adjective interim, intermedial, inter-
in, burden, check, clog, counteract, countervail, cramp, mediary, intervening, interventional, nonfinal, nonperma-
cripple, cross, curb, deter, disallow, disturb, encroach, en- nent, not final, provisional, provisory, temporary, tentative,
cumber, entrammel, fetter, foil, forbid, hamper, handicap, transient, transitory
hinder, impede, infringe, inhibit, intercede, intercept, inter- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: interlocutory appeal, interlocutory
ject, intermeddle, intermit, interpellare, interpose, inter- costs, interlocutory decree, interlocutory injunction, inter-
rupt, intervene, intervenire, intrude, invade, meddle, ob- locutory order, interlocutory rulings
struct, preclude, prevent, prohibit, retard, stop, thwart,
work against INTERMEDIARY, noun agent, arbiter, arbitrator, buffer,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: interference with business relations, conciliator, connecting link, connection, delegate, depreca-
interference with contract rights, interference with inter- tor, diplomat, emissary, go-between, interceder, interces-
state commerce, unreasonable interference sor, link, mediary, mediator, medium, middleman, modera-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Forstellarius est pauperum depressor et tor, negotiant, negotiator, peacemaker, pleader, propitiator,
totius communitatis et patriae publicus inimicus. A reconciler, referee, representative, vehicle
forestaller is an enemy of the poor and a public enemy of
the country. Nemo debet immiscere se rei ad se nihil INTERMEDIATE, adjective average, between, central,
pertinenti. No one should interfere with a thing that in no compromising, equidistant, halfway, inserted, instrumental,
respect concerns him. intercurrent, interjacent, intermediary, interposed, interve-
nient, intervening, mean, medial, median, mediatorial,
INTERFERE WITH THE LAW, verb bar to investigation, mediatory, medium, medius, mesial, mesne, mid, middle,
become an obstacle to prosecutors, block prosecution, midmost, moderate, neutral, transitional
counteract the smooth prosecution of the law, countervail ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: interlocutory order, intermediate ap-
instructions, disturb a prosecution, hamper prosecution, pellate court, intermediate order
handicap prosecution, hinder prosecution, impede prose- FOREIGN PHRASES: Extremis probatis, praesumuntur
cution, infringe on a prosecution, inhibit prosecution, inter- media. When the extremes have been proved, those
rupt a prosecution, meddle in a prosecution, obstruct a things which are between them are presumed.
prosecution, prevent a prosecution, prohibit an ongoing
prosecution, retard an investigation, stop an investigation, INTERMINABLE, adjective boundless, ceaseless, con-
thwart a criminal investigation, work at cross-purposes with stant, continual, continuous, drawn-out, durable, endless,
an investigation eternal, everlasting, extended, extensive, illimitable,

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 INTERMISSION

immeasurable, incessant, indeterminate, inexhaustible, infi- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: authentic interpretation, close interpre-
nite, innumerable, limitless, long-drawn, long-winded, tation, customary interpretation, exact interpretation, free
measureless, olamic, open-headed, permanent, perpetual, and unrestricted interpretation, genuine interpretation, in-
profuse, prolonged, protracted, stretched, tediously long, correct interpretation, legal interpretation, liberal interpreta-
termless, unbounded, unending, unceasing, uninterrupted, tion, limited interpretation, predestined interpretation, re-
unlimited, unremitting, wearisome, without limit or end stricted interpretation, rightful interpretation, unfair
interpretation
INTERMISSION, noun abeyance, adjournment, break,
cessation, delay, discontinuance, discontinuity, halt, hia- INTERPRETIVE, adjective annotative, clarifying, con-
tus, interim, interlude, intermittence, interregnum, inter- structive, definitive, elucidative, enlightening, explanatory,
ruption, interval, intervention, leave, lull, pause, pendency, explicative, illuminating, interpretational
recess, remission, respite, rest, stoppage, suspense, sus-
pension INTERRELATED, adjective affiliated, affinitive, agnate,
akin, allied, analogous, associated, cognate, conjugate,
INTERMITTENT, adjective alternate, broken, cyclic, cy- connatural, connected, consanguineous, consociate, corre-
clical, desultory, discontinuous, fitful, flickering, fluctuating, lated, correlative, enmeshed, fraternal, germane, interaffili-
infrequent, intermitting, interrupted, irregular, nonuniform, ated, interallied, interassociated, interconnected, inter-
occasional, periodic, recurrent, recurring, remittent, rhyth- linked, interwoven, joined, kindred, linked, of the same
mic, seasonal, serial, spasmodic, sporadic, termly, unregu- family, pertinent, related, relevant, sib, tied, united
lar, unsuccessive, wavering
INTERRELATION, noun chain, coherence, connection,
INTERNAL, adjective absorbed, domestic, domesticus, contact, correlation, interaffiliation, interassociation, inter-
enclosed, implanted, infixed, ingrained, inmost, innate, connection, interdependence, interrelationship, mutual
inner, innermost, inside, interior, intestinus, private, under dependence, mutuality, nexus, proportion, relationship
the surface, within boundary lines
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: internal affairs, Internal Revenue INTERROGATE, verb ask, badger, catechize, conduct an
Service inquiry, cross-examine, delve into, grill, heckle, inquire,
interpellate, investigate, pose, probe, prosecute an inquiry
INTERNMENT, noun apprehension, arrest, bondage, of, put questions to, question, quiz, require an answer
captivity, confinement, constraint, custody, detention, du-
rance, immuration, immurement, impoundment, imprison- INTERROGATION, noun catechization, cross-exami-
ment, imprisonment term, incarceration, preventive custody nation, examination, exploration, formal questioning, grill-
ing, inquest, inquiry, inquisition, inspection, interrogatio,
INTERPOSE, verb be an obstacle to, block, break into, investigation, percontatio, probe, quaestio, query, ques-
come between, force in, hinder, impede, infiltrate, infringe, tioning, scrutiny, search, taking information
inject, insert, intercalate, intercede, intercept, interfere, in- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: grand jury inquiry, interrogation of a
tericere, interject, intermeddle, intermediate, interponere, party to an action, interrogation of a witness
interrupt, intervene, introduce, intrude, mediate, obstruct,
obtrude, parenthesize, penetrate, place between, prevent, INTERROGATIVE, adjective all-searching, diagnostic,
put in, stand in the way, thrust in exploratory, fact-finding, inquisitional, inquisitive, inquisito-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: interpose a claim, interpose a defense, rial, interested, interrogational, interrogativus, investiga-
interpose an objection tive, penetrating, piercing, probing, prying, questioning,
quizzical, scrutinizing, searching
INTERPOSITION, noun arbitration, insertion, intercala-
tion, intercession, intercurrence, interjacence, interjection, INTERROGATORIES, noun demands, inquiries, pre-
interlocation, intermediation, interpenetration, interposure, trial inquiries, questioning, questions, written requests for
interruption, intervention, introduction, negotiation information

INTERPRET, verb annotate, characterize, clarify, clear up, INTERRUPT, verb arrest, balk, barge in, break, break in,
conicere, construe, convey the meaning of, decipher, de- butt in, cause to cease, cause to delay, cease, check, chime
code, deduce, define, delineate, depict, describe, diagnose, in, clog, come between, cut, delay, desist, disconnect, dis-
explain, explain the meaning, explanare, explicate, ex- continue, disjoin, dissever, dissolve, distract, disturb, dis-
pound, figure out, give one an idea of, give one an impres- unite, divide, foil, frustrate, get in the way, hinder, inhibit,
sion of, illuminate, illustrate, interpretari, make clear, make intercept, interfere, intermit, intermittere, interpellare, inter-
plain, make sense of, offer an explanation of, reveal, set forth pose, intrude, leave off, meddle, obstruct, punctuate, put a
the meaning, simplify, solve, throw light upon, translate, stop to, put an end to, retard, separate, sever, stop, sunder,
translate orally, understand, unfold, unravel, unscramble suspend, thwart
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: construction, interpret a contract, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: interrupt a separation, interrupt pos-
interpret a will session

INTERPRETATION, noun analysis, annotation, application, INTERRUPTION, noun abeyance, armistice, arrest,
clarification, comment, commentary, connotation, construc- bar, block, break, cessation, check, clog, deadlock, delay,
tion, content, decipherment, definition, depiction, descrip- disconnection, discontinuance, disjunction, dissolution,
tion, diagnosis, elucidation, exegesis, exemplification, expla- disunion, gap, halt, hiatus, hindrance, impediment, inter-
nation, explication, exposition, illustration, implication, capedo, interception, interference, interim, interlude, inter-
inference, meaning, portrayal, prognosis, reading, rendering, missio, intermission, interstice, intervallum, intrusion, lull,
rendition, resolution, revelation, scholium, sense, significance, obstacle, obstruction, pause, recess, respite, severance,
signification, solution, translation, understanding, version standstill, stop, stoppage, sunderance, suspension, truce

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 INTRANSIGENT

ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: business interruption insurance, inter- familiaris, federate, fraternal, friendly, guarded, inmost, in-
ruption of adverse possession, interruption of service nermost, intimus, linked, on familiar terms, personal, pri-
vate, secret, strongly attached, trusted
INTERSECTION, noun bivium, concourse, conjunction, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: confidentiality, fiduciary relationship
connection, crossing, crossing point, crosspoint, crossroad,
crosswalk, cruciation, decussatio, decussation, interconnec- INTIMATION, noun allusion, denuntiatio, hint, idea,
tion, intercrossing, joining place, joint, junction, juncture, implication, inference, inkling, innuendo, insinuation, men-
meeting place, meeting point, traversal, union tion, nuntius, overtone, reference, suggestion

INTERSPERSE, verb diffuse, disseminate, distribute, im- INTIMIDATE, verb abash, affright, alarm, badger, brow-
miscere, interfuse, interlard, intermingle, interpenetrate, beat, bully, coerce, cow, daunt, dismay, dispirit, disquiet,
interpolate, interpose, interweave, mix, pepper, put be- duress, frighten, harass, hector, incutere, inicere, menace,
tween, scatter, shake, sprinkle, work in overawe, petrify, put in fear, scare, shock, terrify, terrorize,
threaten, unnerve
INTERTWINE, verb braid, crisscross, cross, enlace, en- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: unlawful intimidation
mesh, entangle, entwine, form a network, innectere, inos-
culate, interknit, interlace, interlink, intermix, interthread, INTOLERABLE, adjective impossible, insufferable, in-
intertwist, interweave, inweave, knot, lace, mesh, plait, supportable, unbearable, unendurable
plat, redimire, reticulate, splice, tangle, tie together, twine ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: intolerable cruelty, intolerable severity
together, twist, web, wreathe
INTOLERANCE, noun acerbitas, adrogantia, aversion,
INTERVAL, noun abeyance, break, gap, halt, hiatus, in- bias, bigotry, chauvinism, discrimination, dislike, hatred, illib-
terim, interlude, intermission, interregnum, interruption, inter- erality, incapacity to endure, jaundice, jingoism, lack of tolera-
stice, intervallum, intervening time, lapse, lull, pause, recess, tion, narrow-mindedness, narrowness, one-sidedness, partial-
respite, rest, spatium interiectum, spell, truce ity, persecution, preconception, prejudgment, prejudice,
racism, rejection, sectarianism, sectionalism, segregation,
INTERVENE, verb become a party to an action, break in, slant, subjectivity, superbia, want of forbearance, want of tol-
come between, encroach, infringe, intercede, intercedere, eration
interfere, intermeddle, interpose, interrupt, intervenire, in- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: intolerable cruelty
trude, meddle, obtrude, step in, supervenire
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: intervening act, intervening agency, INTOLERANT, adjective biased, bigoted, close-
intervening cause, intervening efficient cause, intervening minded, closed, disobliging, dogmatic, fanatical, illiberal,
estate, intervening force, intervening parties, intervening inconsiderate, inhospitable, insensitive, insular, jaundiced,
sufficient cause, intervening superceding cause, intervenor, mean spirited, narrow, narrow-minded, not open, one-
intervention as of right, intervention by leave of court sided, opinionated, partial, prejudiced, racist, sexist, small-
minded, uncharitable, unfriendly, ungenerousness, unrea-
INTERVENING CAUSE, noun act which breaks the chain sonable, unsympathetic
of events, break in causation, break in liability, break in ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bias crimes
proximate cause, independent act, interceding cause, inter-
fering cause, interrupting cause, intervening act, intruding INTONATION, noun accentuation, cadence, delivery,
cause, nullifying act or action, overriding act or action, over- inflection, phonation, pitch, quality, resonance, sound, tim-
ruling act or action, preclusion, superseding intervening bre, tonality, tone, tone of voice, vocalism, voice
cause ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: demeanor
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: duty of care, intervening damages,
intervening force, negligence, proximate cause, standard INTOXICATION, noun carousing, consuming alcohol
care, superseding cause, torts to an excess, consuming an overabundance of alcohol,
downing excessive alcohol, drinking to an excess, exorbi-
INTERVENTION (Imposition into a lawsuit), noun en- tant drinking, imbibing to an excess, insobriety, intemper-
trance into a lawsuit, entrance of a third party, insertion, ance, reveling, superfluity
interference, interjection, interjection into a lawsuit, inter- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: driving while under the influence,
position, intrusion drunken driving
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: intervention by leave of the court, in-
tervention by right INTRACTABLE, adjective adamant, balky, beyond
control, contrary, contumacious, defiant, difficilis, disobedi-
INTERVENTION (Interference), noun intercalation, inter- ent, dogged, firm, froward, headstrong, heedless, incorri-
ception, intercession, interjacence, interjection, interloping, gible, indocile, indocilis, indomitable, inflexible, insubordi-
intermeddling, intermediation, interpolation, interposition, nate, insuppressible, irrepressible, mulish, not easily
interruption, interventus, intrusion governed, not pliable, obdurate, obstinate, obstreperous,
pertinacious, perverse, pervicacious, rebellious, recalci-
INTERVIEW, noun audience, audition, colloquy, confer- trant, refractory, resistive, restive, stubborn, tenacious, un-
ence, congressio, conloquium, consultation, conversation, bending, uncontrollable, uncurbed, undisciplined, ungov-
dialogue, discussion, exchange of views, hearing, meeting, ernable, unmalleable, unmanageable, unruly, unsubmissive,
mutual exchange, oral examination, question and answer, unwilling, unyielding, wayward, willful
talk, verbal intercourse
INTRANSIGENT, adjective adamant, adamantine,
INTIMATE, adjective allied, associated with, brotherly, bullheaded, determined, dogged, firm, hard, hardened,
close, closely acquainted, closely associated, confidential, inconvincible, inexorable, obdurate, obsessive, obstinate,
confiding, coniunctus, consociated, faithful, familiar, opinionated, ossified, pat, persistent, pertinacious,

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pigheaded, relentless, resolute, resolved, set, severe, sin- INTUITION, noun apprehension, awareness, belief,
gle-minded, steadfast, stern, strict, stubborn, tenacious, clairvoyance, discernment, divination, extrasensory in-
unbending, uncompromising, unflinching, unrelenting, sights, feeling, foreboding, forecast, foreknowledge, fore-
unyielding, willful thought, gut reaction, hunch, inkling, insight, inspiration,
instinct, intuitiveness, perception, preconception, predic-
INTRICATE, adjective complex, complicated, delicate, tion, premonition, prescience, presentiment, prevision,
difficult, elaborate, involved, tangled, tricky readiness, realization, sagacity, second sight, sixth sense,
thinking, visceral reaction
INTRIGUE, noun artifice, collusion, connivance, conniv-
ing, conspiracy, contrivance, counterplot, cover-up, design, INUNDATE, verb bury, deluge, drench, engulf, fill to
frame-up, imbroglio, machination, maneuver, manipula- superfluity, flood, flow over, glut, immerse, overflood,
tion, plot, scheme, series of events, stratagem, strategy, overflow, overspread, overwhelm, pour over, run over, rush
subterfuge, trickery, web of intrigue upon, saturate, spill over, surge, swamp

INTRINSIC (Belonging), adjective implicit, inherent, na- INURE (Accustom), verb acclimate, acclimatize, accus-
tive, pertinent tom, acquaint, adjust, adsuefacere, condition, domesticate,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: intrinsic fraud, intrinsic jury, intrinsic familiarize, get used to, habituate, harden, make routine,
value naturalize, sanctify by custom, season, toughen

INTRINSIC (Deep down), adjective deep-seated, inner, INURE (Benefit), verb accumulate, advance, advantage,
internal, inward aid, assist, avail, be of use, be profitable, bolster, contribute,
enhance, enrich, forward, furnish aid, further, gain, help,
INTRODUCE, verb bring in, enter, inducere, induct, in- improve, pay, profit, promote, render useful, serve, sub-
ject, insert, interpose, introducere, invehere, offer, offer as serve, supply aid, turn to account, upgrade, yield gain,
an exhibit, place before, present, present formally, present yield profit
to the court for acceptance, proffer, put, put forward, put
forward for consideration, put in, submit, surrender, tender, INVADE, verb aggress, arrogate, assail, assault, attack,
usher in break in, encroach, enter hostilely, impinge, incurrere, in-
cursionem, infringe, intrude, invadere, obtrude, overrun,
INTRODUCE INTO EVIDENCE, verb offer as an exhibit, overtake, penetrate, raid, run over, trespass, usurp, violate
offer evidence, place into evidence, present evidence, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: invade the corpus of a trust, invade the
present formally, put forward for consideration, submit as province of the jury, invasion of privacy, invasion of prop-
evidence, submit to the court erty rights, invasion of rights
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: introduce into evidence exhibits, intro-
duce into evidence prior testimony INVALID, adjective abrogated, baseless, canceled, fal-
lacious, faulty, futile, having no force, inadequate, ineffec-
INTRODUCTION, noun act of bringing in, admittance, tive, ineffectual, inefficacious, infirmus, inoperative, inritus,
formal presentation, inductio, induction, interposition, in- lacking authority, lacking force, lacking strength, not bind-
troductio, invectio, offering, offering as an exhibit, placing, ing, nugatorius, nugatory, null, quashed, unauthentic,
presentation untenable, untrue, useless, vain, void, weak, without legal
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: introduction of evidence efficacy
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: invalid delegation, invalid gift, invalid
INTROSPECTION, noun contemplation, innermost transfer, invalid will
thoughts, introversion, ipsum se inspicere, looking within, FOREIGN PHRASES: Ab abusu ad usum non valet conse-
meditation, musing, pensiveness, reflection, reverie, self- quentia. A conclusion as to the use of a thing from its
absorption, self-communion, self-counsel, self-examination, abuse is invalid.
self-inspection, self-knowledge, self-scrutiny, self-study,
thoughtfulness INVALIDATE, verb abolish, abort, abrogate, annul,
cancel, confute, deprive of legal effect, disannul, disprove,
INTRUDE, verb come uninvited, crash, encroach, enter disqualify, erase, inritum facere, labefactare, make void,
uninvited, enter unlawfully, foist oneself, force oneself, horn nullify, override, overrule, overthrow, quash, refute, repeal,
in, impose, infringe, interfere, interlope, interrupt, invade, repudiate, rescind, rescindere, retract, reverse, revoke, un-
irrupt, obtrude, se interponere, thrust in, thrust oneself, dermine, undo, vitiate, withdraw
trench on, trespass ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: invalidate a transfer, invalidate a will,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: invade privacy, trespass invalidate an election

INTRUSION, noun aggression, attack, encroachment, INVALIDITY, noun annulment, cancellation, disqualifi-
forced entrance, importunitas, imposition, incursion, infil- cation, erroneousness, fallaciousness, fallacy, falseness, fal-
tration, infringement, interference, interloping, interruption, sity, inadequacy, incompetence, ineffectiveness, nullity,
invasion, irruption, meddling, obtrusion, overrunning, tres- unsoundness, untenableness, vitiation, voidness
pass, uninvited attendance, uninvited entry, unlawful entry, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: declaration of invalidity
unwelcome suggestion FOREIGN PHRASES: Pacta quae turpem causam continent
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: intrusion of rights, right of privacy, non sunt observanda. Contracts which are based on an
trespass unlawful consideration will not be enforced. Pacta quae
contra leges constitutionesque, vel contra bonos mores
INTRUSIVE, adjective hindering, infringing, interfering, fiunt, nullam vim habere, indubitati juris est. It is un-
interloping, interruptive, invading, invasive, obtrusive, tres- questionably the law that contracts which are made con-
passing trary to the laws or against good morals, have no force in

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law. Quae ab initio non valent, ex post facto convales- INVENTORY, noun catalog, checklist, contents, enu-
cere non possunt. Things invalid from the beginning can- meration, index, itemization, itemized list, list, list of
not be made valid by a subsequent act. properties, manifest, merchandise list, record, register,
schedule of articles, stock book, stock list, stock sheet, ta-
INVALUABLE, adjective beyond price, costly, expensive, bula, tally sheet
inaestimabilis, incalculable, incapable of being appraised, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: inventory of assets
inestimable, matchless, of inestimable value, peerless, pre-
cious, pretiosissimus, priceless, unequaled, unparalleled, INVERSE, adjective antipodal, antipodean, antithetical,
valuable, without price contrary, converse, conversus, diametrically opposite, in-
versus, inverted, opposite, reverse, reversed, transposed,
INVARIABLE, adjective certain, changeless, constant, turned about
definite, determinate, durable, enduring, established, fixed, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: inverse condemnation, inverse dis-
hard-and-fast, immovable, immutable, inalterable, incom- crimination
mutable, inflexible, lasting, permanent, set, settled, stable,
stationary, steadfast, steady, sure, unalterable, unchange- INVEST (Fund), verb advance, back, buy into, buy
able, unchanging, unvarying stock, deal in futures, employ capital, finance, gamble,
infuse funds, lay out, lend, lend on security, loan, make an
INVARIABLY, adverb always, as a rule, changelessly, investment, occupare, outlay, play the market, ponere,
commonly, constantly, conventionally, customarily, faith- provide capital, provide money, put out at interest, put
fully, fixedly, frequently, generally, habitually, immutably, in up, risk, risk one’s money, sink, speculate, sponsor, sup-
all cases, in every instance, normally, ordinarily, perpetually, port, venture
regularly, repeatedly, rigidly, routinely, steadily, systemati- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: invest capital
cally, traditionally, unalterably, unchangeably, undeviat-
ingly, uniformly, unvarying, usually, without exception INVEST (Vest), verb appoint, authorize, charge, charter,
commission, confer power, deferre, delegate, depute, em-
INVASION, noun aggression, assault, attack, attack on power, enable, endow with authority, entrust, furnish with
rights, breach, disobedience, encroachment, foray, hostile rank, give a mandate, give authority, give power, grant
entry, incursio, incursion, infiltration, infraction, infringe- authority, grant power, inaugurate, induct, install, instate,
ment, inroad, inruptio, interference, interloping, interven- institute, license, mandare, name, nominate, ordain, per-
tion, intrusion, overstepping, raid, siege, transgression, mit, privilege, put in commission, sanction
trespass, violation
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: invasion of a corpus, invasion of INVESTIGATE, verb analyze, ask, collect facts, conduct an
principal, invasion of privacy, invasion of rights, wrongful inquiry, consider, deliberate upon, delve into, dig into, discuss,
invasion dissect, examine, examine in detail, examine the particulars,
examine with care and accuracy, explore, go into, hold an
INVEIGH, verb attack, blast, cry out against, denounce, inquiry, inquire into, inquire into systematically, inspect, inter-
dispraise, exclaim against, fulminate, impugn, incessere, rogate, look into, peer into, perscrutari, probe, pursue an in-
increpare, insectari, lash, protest against, rage against, rail, quiry, quaerere, question, reconnoiter, review, scan, scrutinize,
raise one’s voice against, rate, revile, scold, score, storm search into, seek information regarding, study in detail, sur-
against, thunder against, utter invective, vilify, vituperate vey, take evidence, track, track mentally
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: investigate a crime, investigate
INVEIGLE, verb allure, attract, bait, bamboozle, befool, charges, investigate the merits of a case
beguile, blandish, cajole, cheat, chouse, coax, cozen, de-
ceive, decoy, defraud, delude, draw, ensnare, entangle, en- INVESTIGATION, noun careful search, careful study,
tice, entrap, fool, gull, illaqueate, importune, induce, influ- close inquiry, collection of facts, detailed examination, ex-
ence, lay a trap, lead astray, lead on, lure, maneuver, amination, exhaustive study, exploration, formal scrutiny,
mislead, persuade, seduce, snare, suborn, sway, tempt, trap, indagatio, inquire to ascertain facts, inquiry, inquisitio, inter-
trick, urge, victimize, wheedle, win rogation, investigatio, legal inquiry, official inquiry, probe,
questioning, research, scrutinization, scrutiny, search,
INVENT (Falsify), verb comminisci, counterfeit, distort, searching inquiry, statistical inquiry, strict inquiry, system-
embroider, exaggerate, fabricate, fake, falsify, feign, fib, atic search
fictionalize, humbug, lie, make believe, make up, misrepre- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: blanket investigation, criminal inves-
sent, misstate, pervert, pretend, prevaricate, sham, trump tigation, governmental investigation, judicial investigation,
up, varnish legislative investigation

INVENT (Produce for the first time), verb author, bring INVESTMENT, noun backing, capital invested, capital
into being, build, coin, come upon, compose, conceive, outlay, employment of capital, endowment, financial back-
concoct, construct, contrive, create, design, devise, dis- ing, financing, invested capital, invested money, invested
cover, draft, dream up, envisage, excogitare, excogitate, property, loan, loan at interest, outlay, speculation, venture
fabricate, fashion, find, forge, form, imagine, improvise, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: investment broker, investment con-
initiate, introduce, invenire, manufacture, originate, pro- tract, investment security, investment trust
duce, realize, reperire, think of, think up, visualize
INVETERATE, adjective accustomed, addicted,
INVENTION, noun brainchild, coinage, composition, chronic, chronical, confirmed, customary, deep-rooted,
concoction, contraption, contrivance, creation, creative ef- entrenched, established, firmly established, fixed, frequent,
fort, creative fabrication, discovery, fabrication, finding, habitual, habituated, hardened, ingrained, inured, invetera-
formation, handiwork, improvisation, innovation, inven- tus, long-standing, penitus defixus, penitus insitus, rooted,
tum, origination, product, reperta set, time-honored, wonted

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 INVIDIOUS

INVIDIOUS, adjective abominable, calculated to pro- encouragement, enticement, incitement, inducement, invi-
voke resentment, disagreeable, disliked, disobliging, tatio, offer, overture, petition, plea, proffer, prompting,
harmful, hateful, hurtful, injurious, invidiosus, irksome, proposal, proposition, provocative, request, solicitation,
likely to excite ill will, loathsome, malicious, objectionable, summons, tender, urging
obnoxious, odious, offensive, plaguesome, rancorous, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: business invitation, invitation to bid,
spiteful, troublesome, unacceptable, unaccommodating, license by invitation
ungracious, unkind, unpleasant, unwelcome, vexatious
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: invidious discrimination INVOICE (Bill), noun account, account rendered, note,
reckoning, statement, statement of account, statement of
INVIGORATE, verb activate, amp up, arouse, awaken, obligations, statement particularizing debts due, tab
charge, encourage, energize, enliven, enthuse, excite, fire,
inspire, jump-start, kindle, lift, liven up, motivate, move, pep INVOICE (Itemized list), noun account of goods
up, propel, quicken, raise, rally, recharge, rejuvenate, rekin- shipped, account of merchandise, bill of lading, check list,
dle, renew, revitalize, rouse, spark, spike, stimulate, stir, enumeration, inventory, itemized account, libellus, list of
strengthen, vitalize, vivify, wake goods, list of items, list of items shipped, list of mercantile
goods, merchandise specification, schedule, schedule of
INVIGORATING, adjective analeptic, animating, bracing, items and their respective prices
energizing, enlivening, exhilarating, healthful, invigorative, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: Uniform Commercial Code
medicinal, nourishing, quickening, refreshing, remedial,
reparative, restorative, salubrious, salutary, stimulating, INVOKE, verb ask solemnly for, beg for, bid, call on for
vitalizing a blessing, call on for help, call up, conjure, entreat, im-
plorare, implore, invocare, invocate, raise spirits, recite a
INVINCIBLE, adjective all-powerful, ever-victorious, im- spell, recite an incantation, summon, summon by incanta-
possible to defeat, impossible to vanquish, incapable of tion
being overcome, indestructible, indomitable, ineradicable, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: invoke the authority of the court, in-
inexpugnable, inexsuperabilis, inextinguishable, inperme- voke the Fifth Amendment
able, insuperable, insurmountable, invictus, inviolable, invul-
nerable, irresistible, overpowering, overwhelming, resistless, INVOLUNTARY, adjective against one’s will, averse,
secure from capture, unable to be overcome, unable to be coactus, coercive, compulsory, forced, independent of
quelled, unable to be subjugated, unassailable, unbeatable, volition, invitus, mandatory, obligatory, unassenting, un-
unconquerable, unsubduable, unvanquishable, unyielding conscious, unintended, unintentional, unmeditated, un-
premeditated, unthinking, unwilled, unwilling, without
INVIOLABILITY, noun immunity from assault, impenetra- consent, without power of choice, without will
bility, impregnability, incorruptibility, indestructibility, inex- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: involuntary bailment, involuntary bank-
pugnability, inviolableness, invulnerability, protection, safety, ruptcy, involuntary confession, involuntary dismissal, invol-
sanctitas, security, security against violence, unassailability untary manslaughter, involuntary payment, involuntary sale,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: inviolability of constitutional rights, involuntary servitude, involuntary statements, involuntary
inviolability of contracts suretyship, involuntary trust, involuntary unemployment

INVIOLABLE, adjective absolute, consecrated, exempt, INVOLUNTARY MANSLAUGHTER, noun accidental

hallowed, holy, honored, immune, inalienable, invincible, homicide, accidental killing, accidental murder, killing with
inviolate, privileged, protected, pure, recognized, re- criminal negligence, killing with reckless disregard, killing
spected, revered, ritual, sacred, sacrosanct, sanctified, se- without caution, killing without circumspection, uninten-
cure, shielded, time-honored, unassailable, unchangeable, tional homicide, unintentional killing, unpremeditated kill-
uncontested, untouchable, venerated ing
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: corporate manslaughter, murder
INVIOLATE, adjective complete, consecrated, free from
desecration, free from impairment, hallowed, intact, intac- INVOLUTION, noun complexity, complication, confu-
tus, integer, inviolatus, pure, sacred, sanctified, scatheless, sion, convolution, embroilment, entanglement, imbroglio,
secure, sound, spotless, stainless, unaffected by injury, unal- implicatio, intricacy, involvement, knot, labyrinth, maze,
tered, unblemished, unbroken, uncorrupted, undefiled, un- puzzle, sinuation, sinuosity, sleave, snarl, tangle, torsion,
destroyed, undisturbed, unharmed, unhurt, unimpaired, tortility, tortuosity, tortuousness, twist, web
uninjured, unpolluted, unprofaned, unscathed, unspotted,
unstained, untouched, unviolated, whole INVOLVE (Implicate), verb accuse, ally, associate,
blame, brand, bring accusation, bring charges, cast a slur
INVISIBLE (Small), adjective diminutive, imperceptible, on, charge, connect, consociate, continere, criminate, de-
inappreciable, inconspicuous, infinitesimal, microbic, late, denounce, draw in, entangle, incriminate, inculpate,
microscopic, minuscule interconnect, interrelate, lay the blame on, link together,
lodge a complaint, make a party to, make participator, pre-
INVISIBLE (Veiled), adjective cloaked, concealed, covert, fer charges, prove to be a participant in, relate, show to be
enshrouded, evanescent, hidden, impalpable, indiscernible, an abettor, stigmatize, tie in with
intangible, latent, lost to view, masked, obscure, screened, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: involve a codefendant
suppressed, unapparent, undetected, undisclosed, undiscov-
ered, undivulged, unexplained, unexposed, unnoticeable, INVOLVE (Participate), verb act in concert, associate,
unperceived, unrevealed, unseeable, unseen, untraced, veiled be a part of, be a party to, be in league with, collaborate,
collude, confederate, connect, contribute, cooperate, enter
INVITATION, noun advance, allurement, appeal, ap- into, have a hand in, join forces, join in, lend oneself to,
proach, attraction, bid, bidding, call, challenge, make common cause with, partake, play a part, relate,

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share, side with, strike in with, support, take part, take IRONCLAD, adjective covered, defended, difficult to
sides, team up, unite, work together alter, difficult to break, difficult to change, exacting, firm,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: involve a case or controversy, involve immutable, impossible to alter, impossible to break, impos-
a constitutional question, involve life or liberty, involve the sible to change, inexorable, inflexible, ironbound, irrevers-
merits of a case, involve title to real property, involve ible, irrevocable, relentless, rigid, rigorous, strict, stringent,
wrongdoing unalterable, unbending, unbreakable, unchangeable, un-
changing, uncompromising, unmalleable, unpliant, unre-
INVOLVED (A party to), adjective absorbed, absorbed lenting, unshakeable, unyielding
with, added as a defendant, added as a party, caught up in,
contributing, devoted to, engaged, engrossed in, immersed IRONCLAD AGREEMENT, noun binding contract, bind-
in, implied, intent, intent on, occupied, sued, taken up with ing legal document, concrete provisions, definite commit-
ment, exact and binding agreement, precise covenants, solid
INVOLVED (Complex), adjective a party to, cloudy, protections, strong provisions, substantial understanding
complexed, complicated, compound, concerned, con-
founded, confused, constructive, convoluted, difficult, IRONIC, adjective cynical, ironical, paradoxical, quizzi-
disordered, elaborate, esoteric, implicated, inextricable, cal, sarcastic, sarcastical, sardonic, satiric, satirical
interested, intricate, involute, involutional, labyrinthine,
obscure, problematic, recondite, sinuous, tortuous, IRONY, noun cynicism, dissimulatio, ironia, mockery,
unclear sarcasm, satire

INVOLVEMENT (Association), noun incrimination, in- IRRATIONAL, adjective absurd, absurdus, bizarre,
culpation brainless, contrary to reason, crazy, foolish, heedless, ill-
advised, ill-considered, ill-judged, illogical, imprudent,
INVOLVEMENT (Complex), noun affiliation, complex, injudicious, insensate, ludicrous, mindless, nonsensical,
complexness, complication, complicity, dilemma, embroil- outrageous, preposterous, reasonless, ridiculous, senseless,
ment, engagement, engrossment, enmeshment, entail- stultus, stupid, thoughtless, unconsidered, unintelligent,
ment, entanglement, implication, inextricability, involution, unreasonable, unreasoned, unreasoning, unreflecting, un-
participation, perplexity, personal involvement, quagmire, sensible, unsound, unthinking, unthoughtful, unwise, utterly
quandary, relation, relationship, sympathy, tanglement illogical, void of reason, without judgment, without reason,
without rhyme or reason, witless
INVOLVEMENT (Concentration), noun absorption, ap- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: irrational behavior
plication, devotion, engagement, intentness, occupation,
preoccupation IRREBUTTABLE, adjective incontestable, indisputable,
indubitable, irrefutable, unchallengeable, unimpeachable,
INVULNERABLE, adjective certain, defensible, en- unquestionable
trenched, fortified, immune, impenetrable, impregnable, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: irrebuttable evidence
indestructible, indomitable, inexpugnable, infrangible, insu-
perable, invincible, inviolable, permanent, safe, scatheless, IRRECLAIMABLE, adjective abandoned, beyond cure,
secure, tenable, unassailable, unattackable, unbreakable, beyond hope, hopeless, incurable, irredeemable, irremedi-
unchallengeable, unconquerable, unsurmountable able, irreparable, irretrievable, irreversible, irrevocable, lost,
ruined, undone, unredeemed
IOTA, noun bit, crumb, dab, dash, drop, fragment,
grain, jot, minute quantity, morsel, particle, scintilla, shred, IRRECONCILABILITY, noun absolute difference, con-
small amount, small quantity, spark, tittle, trace, whit flict, contention, contrariety, difference, disagreement, dis-
congruity, discrepancy, disinclination, disparity, enmity,
IPSO FACTO, adverb absolutely, by the act itself, by the hostility, implacability, incommensurability, incompatibility,
fact itself, by the mere fact, by the very fact, essentially, incongruity, inconsistency, inconsonance, intransigence,
positively, truly irrelation

IRASCIBLE, adjective bad-tempered, belligerent, can- IRRECONCILABLE, adjective adamant, alienated, an-
tankerous, captious, choleric, churlish, contentious, tagonized, at variance, contrariae, estranged, firm, hostile,
cranky, cross, disobedient, disputatious, dissentious, eas- immovable, immutable, implacabilis, implacable, implaca-
ily riled, edgy, fiery, fractious, froward, hostile, huffy, ill- bly opposed, inexorabilis, inexorable, inexpiable, inflexible,
humored, ill-natured, impatient, ireful, irritable, moody, inimical, intransigent, refusing to agree, refusing to harmo-
nettlesome, perverse, petulant, pugnacious, quarrelsome, nize, rigid, unable to be pacified, unadjustable, unaffected,
querulous, quick-tempered, snappish, testy, thin-skinned, unalterable, unappeasable, unbending, unchangeable, un-
unamiable compromising, unconformable, unforgiving, unmoved,
unreconciled, unyielding
IRK, verb aggravate, aggrieve, annoy, badger, chafe, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: irreconcilable conflict, irreconcilable
discommode, discompose, distress, disturb, exasperate, differences
exercise, harass, incommode, irritate, jade, nettle, offend,
perturb, pique, plague, provoke, rile, roil, ruffle, trouble, try IRRECONCILABLE DIFFERENCES, noun adamantness,
one’s patience, wear upon complete alienation, complete intractability, immovability,
immovable resolution, immutability, incurableness, inexora-
IRKSOME, adjective annoying, boresome, boring, ble positions, intransigence, irreparableness, irreversibility,
bothersome, distressing, gravis, irritating, jejune, molestus, irrevocability, obduracy, rigidity, rigorism, ruined relationship,
odiosus, tiresome, tiring, troublesome, weariful, wearing, total inflexibility, unbendingness, unmoved positions,
wearisome, wearying unyieldingness

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ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: divorce, no fault divorce question, deviating, extraneous, far from the point, for-
eign, gratuitous, immaterial, impertinent, inapplicable,
IRRECOVERABLE, adjective beyond recall, incorrigible, inapposite, inappropos, inappropriate, inapt, incongru-
irredeemable, irreparable, irretrievable, irreversible, past hope ous, inconsequent, inconsequential, inessential, insignifi-
cant, irrelative, malapropos, nihil ad rem pertinet, not ap-
IRREDEEMABLE, adjective beyond remedy, consumed, plicable, not on point, not pertaining to, not pertinent, not
cureless, dissipated, expended, finished, gone, gone to significant, not to the point, not to the purpose, not vital,
waste, hopeless, immitigable, incapable of being bought off the subject, off the topic, out of order, out of place, out
back, inconvertible, incorrigible, incurable, irreclaimable, irre- of the way, remote, unallied, unapt, unconnected, unes-
coverable, irreformable, irreparable, irretrievable, irreversible, sential, unimportant, unrelated, unsuitable, unwarranted,
irrevocable, lost, past cure, past hope, past mending, past without reference to
recall, remediless, ruined, spent, squandered, unchangeable, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: irrelevant evidence, irrelevant plead-
undone, unpayable, used up, wasted, without hope ing, irrelevant statement, irrelevant testimony

IRREFUTABLE, adjective axiomatic, axiomatical, beyond IRREMEDIABLE, adjective beyond correction, beyond
doubt, certain, certus, demonstrable, firmus, inappealable, cure, beyond hope, beyond recall, beyond redress, beyond
incontestable, incontrovertible, indisputable, indubious, remedy, cureless, deadly, hopeless, immedicable, immiti-
indubitable, irrefragable, past dispute, positive, proven, gable, impossible to better, incurable, inevitable, inexpia-
questionless, sure, testable, unanswerable, unchallengeable, ble, irrecoverable, irredeemable, irreparable, irretrievable,
unconfutable, uncontestable, uncontroversial, undeniable, irreversible, irrevocable, past cure, past help, past mending,
undoubtable, unequivocal, unimpeachable, unmistakable, un- remediless, ruined, unable to be corrected, unable to be
questionable fixed, unable to be remedied, unfixable, unimprovable
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: irrebuttable presumption
IRREPARABLE, adjective incurable, irrecoverable, irre-
IRREGULAR (Improper), adjective against the rules, deemable, irreversible, remediless, ruined, undone
condemnable, criminal, criminous, dishonest, foul, illegal, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: irreparable damage, irreparable harm,
illegitimate, illicit, immoral, nefarious, open to objection, out irreparable injury
of place, prohibited, unauthorized, unwarranted, wicked,
wrong, wrongful IRREPARABLE HARM, adjective beyond recall, incur-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: irregular conduct, irregular indorse- able effect, irreclaimable damage, irrecoverable effect, ir-
ment, irregularity in proceeding, jurisdictional irregularity redeemable impairment, irretrievable effect, irretrievable
injury, irreversible effect, irrevocable damage
IRREGULAR (Not usual), adjective aberrant, abnormal, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: Lanham Act, Patent Act, permanent
anomalistic, anomalous, asymmetric, asymmetrical, atypi- injunctions, preliminary injunctions, temporary restraining
cal, deviating from the general rule, deviating from the orders, Uniform Trade Secrets Act
norm, deviating from the standard, deviative, divergent,
eccentric, erratic, exceptional, extraordinary, freakish, het- IRREPREHENSIBLE, adjective above suspicion, above-
eroclite, inaequabilis, inusitatus, odd, out of order, out of board, blameless, circumspect, exalted, faultless, free from
place, out of the ordinary, peculiar, queer, singular, strange, fault, free of guilt, guiltless, honest, impeccable, incorrupt-
unconformable, unconventional, unique, unnatural, unsym- ible, inculpable, innocens, innocent, innoxious, inoffensive,
metric, unsymmetrical, unusual irreproachable, irreprovable, not guilty, sanctus, sinless,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS : irregular incorporation, irregular spotless, stainless, straightforward, unassailable, unblam-
judgment able, unblameworthy, unblemished, uncensurable, unchal-
lengeable, undeserving of censure, unerring, unexception-
IRREGULARITY, noun aberrance, aberrancy, aberration, able, unfallen, unimpeachable, uninvolved, unobjectionable,
abnormality, abnormity, anomaly, asymmetry, breach, unoffending, unsullied, upright, virtuous
changeableness, confusion, crookedness, desultoriness, de-
viation, disarrangement, discontinuity, disorder, disorderli- IRRESISTIBLE, adjective cogent, compelling, forceful,
ness, distortion, divergence, eccentricity, exception, fitful- forcible, formidable, impossible to overcome, impossible to
ness, idiosyncrasy, illegality, imperfection, improperness, resist, impossible to withstand, indomitable, insuperabilis,
inconsistency, infringement, intermittence, jaggedness, lack invictus, invincible, mighty, omnipotent, overpowering,
of order, lack of propriety, lack of symmetry, lawlessness, overwhelming, potent, powerful, puissant, resistless,
lumpiness, malformation, malfunction, mutability, noncon- strong, superior, unbeatable, unconquerable, vigorous
formity, oddity, oddness, peculiarity, rarity, roughness, sin- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: irresistible force, irresistible impulse
gularity, solecism, strangeness, turbulence, unconformity,
unevenness, uniqueness, unnaturalness, unorthodoxy, un- IRRESOLUTE, adjective capricious, changeable,
punctuality, unruliness, unsmoothness, unsteadiness, ununi- changeful, doubtful, doubting, dubius, erratic, faltering,
formity, unusualness, variability, variableness, variation, vio- fickle, fluctuating, frivolous, hesitant, hesitating, incertus,
lation, want of method, wildness indecisive, infirm of purpose, lukewarm, mercurial, mutable,
oscillating, spineless, timid, uncertain, undecided, undeter-
IRRELATIVE, adjective alien, apart, detached, imperti- mined, unfixed, unresolved, unsettled, unsteadfast, un-
nent, inapplicable, inapposite, independent, irrelevant, re- steady, vacillant, vacillating, vacillatory, volatile, wavering
moved, separate, separated, strange, unaffiliated, unallied,
unassociated, unattached, unconnected, unrelated, without IRRESPECTIVE, adjective despite, in spite of, regard-
connection, without relation less of, without reference, without respect or regard to

IRRELEVANT, adjective alien, alienus, aside from the IRRESPONSIBLE, adjective arbitrary, capricious,
point, beside the mark, beside the point, beside the changeable, disloyal, disobedient, dutiless, flighty,

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fluctuating, frivolous, inconstant, infirm of purpose, lawless, ISOLATION, noun aloneness, confinement, ghettoiza-
mutinous, perfidious, rash, rebellious, shiftless, thought- tion, incarceration, insulation, loneliness, lonesomeness,
less, treacherous, trustless, uncontrolled, uncurbed, unde- privacy, quarantine, removal, retirement, secludedness,
pendable, undisciplined, undutiful, unfaithworthy, unreli- seclusion, segregation, separation, sequestration, solitari-
able, unrestrained, unstable, unsteady, untrustworthy, ness, solitary confinement, solitude, vacuum, withdrawal
untrusty, vacillating, wavering
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: incompetence, irresponsible actions ISSUANCE, noun announcement, broadcast, bulletin,
communication, communiqué, culmination, debouchment,
IRRETRIEVABLE, adjective dissipated, dissolved, for- decree, delivery, discharge, dispatch, effluence, effluency,
feited, given up, gone, hopelessly lost, inreparabilis, irre- effusion, egress, egression, emanation, emergence, emis-
claimable, irrecoverable, irredeemable, irreparable, lost, sion, escape, exit, final result, fruit, gush, issue, manifesto,
past recall, spent, unrecoverable, untraceable, vanished message, notice, notification, outcome, outflow, outgo,
outlet, outpour, proclamation, promulgation, pronounce-
IRREVERENT, adjective arch, assertive, audacious, bel- ment, pronunciamento, prospectus, public announcement,
ligerent, blasphemous, bluff, blunt, bold-faced, brash, bra- publication, publicity, release, report, rescript, result, state-
zen, curt, defiant, disobedient, disrespectful, forward, hea- ment, ultimate result, upshot
then, heretical, impertinent, impious, impudent, insolent, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: issuance of an insurance policy, issu-
miscreant, obtrusive, pagan, profane, reprobate, sacrile- ance of execution, issuance of order, issuance of process,
gious, supercilious, unblushing, ungodly, unholy issuance of subpoena, issuance of summons

IRREVERSIBLE, adjective beyond remedy, cureless, ISSUE (Matter in dispute), noun causa, cause, debat-
entrenched, hopeless, immutable, impossible to change, able point, disputed point of law, disputed question, fact
impossible to reverse, incommutable, incurable, indefea- put in controversy by the pleadings, field of inquiry, item on
sible, indissoluble, indissolvable, ineradicable, inextin- the agenda, material point, material point deduced by the
guishable, irreclaimable, irrecoverable, irredeemable, ir- pleadings, matter, matter in hand, matter in question, mat-
reformable, irremedial, irremovable, irreparable, ter of contention, point, point in question, problem, propo-
irrepealable, irretrievable, irrevocable, lasting, nonre- sition, question, question at issue, res, subject for inquiry,
versible, not capable of annulment, permanent, remedi- topic under consideration
less, reverseless, unalterable, unchangeable, unrestor- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bond issue, collateral issue, fundamen-
able, unreturnable tal issue, genuine issue, immaterial issue, joining of issue,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: irreversible damage, irreversible det- justiciable issue, labor issue, material issue, moot issue,
riment note of issue, triable issue
FOREIGN PHRASES: Placita negativa duo exitum non faci-
IRREVOCABLE, adjective beyond recall, binding, unt. Two negative pleas do not make an issue.
changeless, definite, final, firm, fixed, immitigable, immov-
able, immutable, impossible to change, incapable of revoca- ISSUE (Progeny), noun child, children, descendants,
tion, incommutable, indefeasible, indelible, indestructible, family, heirs, liberi, lineage, lineal descendants, offspring,
indissoluble, indissolvable, ineluctable, ineradicable, inescap- progenies, stirps
able, inevasible, inevitable, inextinguishable, inflexible, inre- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: adopted children, die without issue,
vocabilis, intransmutable, irreclaimable, irredeemable, irre- failure of issue, last issue, legitimate issue
mediable, irremovable, irreparable, irrepealable, irretrievable, FOREIGN PHRASES: Si quis praegnantem uxorem reliquit,
irreversible, lasting, nonreversible, permanent, persisting, non videtur sine liberis decessisse. If a man dies leaving
remediless, reverseless, settled, stable, unable to be annulled, his wife pregnant, he is considered as having died childless.
unalterable, unavoidable, unchangeable, unmodifiable, unre-
pealable, unrestorable, without appeal ISSUE (Publish), verb air, announce, assert formally,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: irrevocable dedication, irrevocable gift, bring into the open, broadcast, call public attention to, circu-
irrevocable grant, irrevocable license, irrevocable option, late, communicate, declare, disclose, dispense, disperse,
irrevocable pledge, irrevocable transfer, irrevocable trust disseminate, distribute, divulge, edere, enunciate, expose,
give out, give public notice of, inform, lay before the public,
IRRITATE, verb affront, aggravate, agitate, anger, annoy, make a public announcement, make known, notify, notify
badger, bother, bully, chafe, discompose, displease, dis- publicly, offer to the public, post, print, proclaim, promul-
turb, enrage, exacerbate, exasperate, excite anger, excite gate, pronounce, pronuntiare, propound, publicize, put
impatience, fret, gall, give offense, grate, harass, hector, forth, put forward, put into circulation, put out, release, re-
incense, inflame, infuriate, inritare, irk, jar, madden, molest, veal, send out, set forth, spread, state, utter with conviction
nag, needle, nettle, offend, pain, peeve, persecute, pester, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: issue a decision of the court, issue a
pique, plague, provoke, put out of humor, rankle, rasp, rile, judgment, issue an order
rub the wrong way, ruffle, sting, stir to anger, tease, tor-
ment, torture, vex ISSUE (Send forth), verb break forth, burst forth, come
forward, come onto the horizon, come out, come out in the
ISOLATE, verb banish, blacklist, confine, cut off, detach, open, egredi, egress, emanate, emerge, erumpere, exire, exit,
disconnect, disengage, disjoin, dislocate, dissever, dissoci- exude, flow, flow out, make its appearance, manifest itself,
ate, disunite, enisle, exclude, excommunicate, exile, insu- pour forth, pour out, put in an appearance, spring up,
late, island, keep apart, keep from contact with others, stream, surface, surge, transmit
keep in solitude, maroon, ostracize, outlaw, part, place by ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: issue stock
itself, put aside, quarantine, refuse to associate with, rope
off, seclude, segregate, seiungere, separate, sequester, set ISSUE AN ORDER, verb command, declare, decree,
apart, set aside, sever, split, sunder determine, dictate, direct, find, hand down a judicial com-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: isolated occurrence, isolated transaction mand, hand down a judicial instruction, instruct, make an

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 ISSUE OF FACT

authoritative command, mandate, prescribe, proclaim, enumerate, index, inventory, list, mention, mention in
pronounce, publish an order, rule detail, note, number, particularize, point out, post, reca-
pitulate, recount, register, set down, specify, state by
ISSUE OF FACT, noun debatable issue, disputed factual items, tabulate
point, disputed question, inquiry into the truth, issue to be ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: itemize an account, itemize dam-
addressed, material disputed point, material point, matter in ages, itemize expenses
question, matter of contention, point at issue, point in ques-
tion, point to be determined, question at issue, question for ITERATION, noun adaptation, carbon copy, copy, du-
inquiry, question to be addressed, question to be deter- plication, interpretation, latest draft, new draft, print, redu-
mined, questionable issue plication, reiteration, rendition, renewal, repeat, repetition,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: affidavit, disputed fact a law, evidence, replay, replication, reprint, reprise, rerun, reworking, varia-
issue of material fact, issues of disputed fact tion, version

ITEM, noun article, asset, commodity, component, ITERATIVE, adjective duplicative, echoing, harping,
constituent, count, detail, effect, element, entity, entry, recurrent, recurring, redundant, reiterant, repeated, repeti-
feature, gadget, good, ingredient, merchandise, object, tious, repetitive, tautological
pars, part, particular, piece, piece of information, piece of
news, point, possession, product, res, salable commodity, ITINERANT, adjective ambulant, ambulatory, passing,
separate paragraph, singleton, specification, staple, story, peripatetic, journeying, moving, traveling, wandering,
unit, vendible, ware wayfaring
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: item of appropriation, item on deposit, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: itinerant dealer, itinerant merchant,
itemization of damages, itemized account itinerant trader, itinerant vendor

ITEMIZE, verb be specific, catalog, circumstantiate, ITINERANT, noun drifter, peripatetic, traveler, rambler,
count, designate, detail, document, enter into detail, roamer, rover, runabout, voyager, wanderer

JACTATION, noun boast, boastfulness, brag, braggado- JAPE, verb bemock, burlesque, caricature, chaff, flout,
cio, braggardism, conceit, fanfaronade, gasconade, jactita- fool, gibe at, imitate insultingly, jeer, jest, joke, lampoon,
tion, ostentation, pretension, rodomontade, self-glorifica- laugh at, make fun of, mimic, mock, parody, play tricks upon,
tion, swagger, swank, vainglory, vanity, vaunt, venditation poke fun at, ridicule, satirize, scoff, taunt, tease, travesty, twit

JAIL, noun carcer, cell, detention cell, detention center, JARGON (Technical language), noun argot, cant, code,
detention station, house of correction, house of detention, coined words, language of a particular profession, legalese,
inclosure, keep, penal institution, penitentiary, place of neologism, neology, private language, professional lan-
confinement, prison, prisonhouse, reformatory, stockade guage, professional vocabulary, specialized language, spe-
cialized terminology, specialized vocabulary
JAIL, verb apprehend, capture, cast into prison, commit ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: legal jargon
to an institution, commit to prison, confine, constrain, de-
tain, hold captive, hold in captivity, hold in custody, im- JARGON (Unintelligible language), noun babble, blab-
mure, impound, imprison, in carcerem, in custodiam, incar- ber, blather, confused language, confused talk, confusion,
cerate, institutionalize, isolate, lock in, lock up, place double talk, empty talk, foolishness, gibberish, inanity, inco-
inconfinement, put behind bars, put under restraint, re- herence, incoherent discourse, jabber, jumble, nonsense,
strain, restrict, send to prison, shut in, shut up, subjugate, nonsensical language, nonsensical talk, nonsensicalness, prat-
take into custody tle, rambling talk, senseless talk, silly talk, unintelligible talk

JAILBREAK, noun break, breakout by inmates, escape JEALOUS, adjective begrudging, competitive, covet-
by inmates, flight by inmates, forcible escape by inmates, ous, desiring, desirous, discontented, disposed to envy,
liberation, planned escape by inmates, prison break, revolt dissatisfied, distrustful, doubting, envious, greedy, grudging,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: overcrowding invidus, lividus, longing, possessive, rival, suspicious

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 JOINT AND SEVERAL LIABILITY

JEER, verb cavillari, deprecate, depreciate, deride, dis- fraternize, league together, make an agreement with, mingle,
parage, disregard, disrespect, gibe, have no regard for, participate, pool, register, se coniungere, side with, sign on,
hold in derision, inridere, insult, laugh at, make fun of, subscribe, take part, take up membership, team up with, unite
mock, ridicule, scoff, sneer, speak derisively, speak slight-
ingly, taunt, treat with insolence, twit JOIN (Bring together), verb accouple, accumulate, ad-
here, aggregate, aggroup, alloy, amalgamate, amass,
JEJUNE (Dull), adjective bleak, boresome, boring, color- annex, append, assemble, attach, band, bind, blend, bridge,
less, common, commonplace, drearisome, dreary, dry, flat, bring in contact, coact, collect, colligate, collocate, combine,
flavorless, hollow, indifferent, insipid, monotonous, ordi- commingle, compound, concatenate, conectere, conglom-
nary, plain, ponderous, prosaic, prosy, stolid, tame, taste- erate, conglutinate, coniungere, conjoin, connect, consoli-
less, tedious, thin, tiresome, torpid, undramatic, unenliv- date, convene, copulare, couple, entwine, federalize, feder-
ened, unentertaining, unexciting, unimpassioned, ate, fit together, fuse, gather, glue, group, harness,
uninspired, uninspiring, unlively, unpointed, unspirited, incorporate, inosculate, interlink, interlock, intertwine, inter-
usual, vacuous, vapid, weak, wearisome twist, interweave, knit, link, marry, mass, match, meld,
merge, mix, pair, piece together, pool, put together, rally,
JEJUNE (Lacking maturity), adjective adolescent, apa- splice, subjoin, unify, unite, wed, weld, yoke
thetic, arid, babyish, banal, bland, blank, boring, callow, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: issue joined, joinder of parties
childish, childlike, colorless, dull, empty, flat, foolish, frivo-
lous, green, immature, inane, inert, inexperienced, infan- JOINDER, adjective assemblage, bringing together,
tile, infantine, insipid, juvenile, languid, naïve, plain, puer- coalescence, combination, concatenation, conjugation,
ile, spiritless, stagnant, stolid, trite, unexciting, unfledged, conjunction, connection, coupling, joining, junction, link-
uninteresting, unlearned, unsophisticated, unspirited, vacu- age, linking, unification, union
ous, vapid, with no energy, with no zip, young ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: fraudulent joinder, improper joinder,
joinder of issue, joinder of parties, misjoinder, permissive
JEOPARDIZE, verb endanger, expose to danger, imperil, joinder, severance
in periculum, leave unprotected, menace, peril, place in
danger, risk, stake, threaten JOINDER OF A PARTY, noun adding a claimant, adding
a complainant, adding a defendant, adding a party, adding
JEOPARDY, noun crisis, danger, dangerous situation, dan- a plaintiff, enlisting a party, joining a party, joining an op-
gerousness, endangerment, hazard, imperilment, insecurity, posing party, joining a petitioner, joining a plaintiff
instability, menace, peril, perilousness, precariousness, risk, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: compulsory joinder, indispensable
threat, uncertainty, unsafety, vulnerability party, joinder of additional defendants, joinder of an inter-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: double jeopardy, former jeopardy, ested party, joinder of third parties, misjoinder, necessary
placed in jeopardy joinder, nonjoinder, notice of joinder, permissive joinder
FOREIGN PHRASES: Nemo bis punitur pro eodem delicto. No
one can be punished twice for the same offense. JOINT, adjective allied, amalgamated, associated, coad-
unate, coalitional, collaborative, collective, combined, com-
JETTISON, verb cast overboard, discard, dispense with, mon, communal, communis, community, concerted, con-
dispose of, eject, eliminate, expel, get rid of, part with, rid cordant, concurrent, confederate, conjoint, conjugate,
oneself of, slough, throw away, throw overboard, toss out, conjunct, consolidated, cooperative, coordinated, corporate,
toss overboard correal, harmonious, inseparable, joined, leagued, merged,
mixed, mutual, shared, synergetic, unified, united
JOB, noun assignment, avocation, billet, business, call- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: joint account, joint action, joint ad-
ing, chore, duty, employment, function, labor, mission, venture, joint and several liability, joint enterprise, joint in-
obligation, occupation, position, profession, responsibility, terest, joint liability, joint negligence, joint ownership, joint
role, task, trade, undertaking, vocation, work resolution, joint tenancy, joint tort feasors

JOBBERY, noun baseness, corruption, crime in public JOINT AND SEVERAL, adjective absolute and indi-
office, criminality, debasement, debauchery, decadence, vidual, all-encompassing and individual, blanket and indi-
degeneracy, demoralization, depravity, dishonesty, immo- vidual, complete, comprehensive and individual, each and
rality, impropriety, iniquitousness, iniquity, licentiousness, every and individual, entire and individual, full and indi-
meanness, misuse of the public trust, profligacy, public re- vidual, global and individual, omnibus and individual, the
buke, public censor, public reproof, reprehensible conduct, sum of total and individual, undivided and individual, uni-
reprehensibleness, unscrupulousness, wrong, wrongdoing versal and individual, wholly and individual
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: tortfeasors
JOCULAR, adjective amusing, arch, comic, diverting,
facetious, frisky, frivolous, frolicsome, full of fun, funny, JOINT AND SEVERAL LIABILITY, noun absolute, ab-
gamesome, gay, given to joking, gleeful, gleesome, hilari- struse, across-the-board, aggregate, all-embracing, all inclu-
ous, humorous, iocosus, iocularis, jesting, jocose, jocund, sive, all-out, bewildering, chaotic, circuitous, clear, collec-
joking, jolly, joshing, jovial, joyful, joyous, laughing, light, tive, combined, complete, complicated, composite,
merry, merrymaking, mirth-loving, mirthful, playful, pleas- comprehensive, confused, convoluted, difficult, downright,
ant, ridiculus, roguish, rollicking, rompish, sportive, dyed-in-the-wool, elaborated, enigmatic, entangled, entire,
sprightly, tricksy, waggish, witty exhaustive, explicit, express, extended, extensive, flexuous,
full, full-fledged, gradely, gross, impenetrable, implicated,
JOIN (Associate oneself with), verb act in concert, affiliate, inclusive, in-depth, individually and collectively liable,
align, ally, associate, band together, be united, become a individually and mutually liable, inextricable, inscrutable, in-
member, become connected with, belong to, combine, con- tegral, interlaced, interwoven, intricate, involuted, involu-
federate, consociate, consort, cooperate, enlist, enroll, enter, tional, involved, irreducible, jumbled, kaleidoscopic, knotted,

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 JOINT CUSTODY

labyrinthine, mingled, muddied, multiplex, obscure, cause itself demands; for the glory neither of severity nor
out-and-out, outright, perplexing, plenary, radical, rank, re- clemency should be affected. Judicis est in pronuntiando
condite, sheer, sinuous, snarled, straight-out, sweeping, sequi regulam, exceptione non probata. The judge in his
tangled, teetotal, thorough, together or separate, tortuous, decision ought to follow the rule, the exception not having
unambiguous, unarranged, unclassified, uncompromised, been proved. Nemo potest esse simul actor et judex. No
unconditional, undecipherable, unequivocal, unfathomable, one can be at the same time judge and suitor. Praxis judi-
universal, unmitigated, unmodified, unorganized, unquali- cum est interpres legum. The practice of judges is the inter-
fied, unreserved, utter, varied, whole, widespread preter of the laws. Judex non potest injuriam sibi datam
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: ostensible principal, torts punire. A judge cannot punish a wrong done to himself.
Boni judicis est ampliare justitiam. It is the duty of a good
JOINT CUSTODY, noun custody shared equally by both judge to make precedents which amplify justice.
parents, equal custody, joint care, joint guardianship, Quemadmodum ad quaestionem facti non respondent
shared custody judices, ita ad quaestionem juris non respondent jura-
Generally: cooperative care, shared responsibility tores. Just as judges do not answer questions of fact, so ju-
rors do not answer questions of law. Boni judicis est judi-
JOSTLE (Bump into), verb bang into, buffet, bump, cium sine dilatione mandare executioni. It is the duty of
bump against, butt, collide, crash into, crowd, elbow, fodi- a good judge to issue judgments without delay. De jure
care, graze against, hit against, hustle, jab, jar, jolt, knock, judices, de facto juratores, respondent. Judges decide
knock against, nudge, poke, press, prod, push, run against, questions of law; jurors, questions of fact. Ubi non est
shake, shove, strike against, strike together manifesta injustitia, judices habentur pro bonis viris, et
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: disorderly conduct judicatum pro veritate. Where there is no manifest injus-
tice, judges are to be regarded as honest men, and their
JOSTLE (Pickpocket), verb abscond with, convey away, judgment as truth. Judex damnatur cum nocens absolvi-
lift, loot, misappropriate, pick one’s pockets, pilfer, purloin, run tur. A judge is condemned when a guilty person is acquit-
away with, run off with, steal, take away, walk off with, waylay ted. Nemo sibi esse judex vel suis jus dicere debet. No
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: larceny man ought to be his own judge or to administer the law in
cases involving his family. Judici officium suum excedenti
JOURNAL, noun acta diurna, biographical record, non paretur. No obedience is to be given to a judge ex-
cashbook, chronicle, chronology, contemporary account, ceeding his office or jurisdiction. Non refert quid notum sit
daily paper, daily register, daybook, diary, ephemeris, ga- judici, si notum non sit in forma judicii. It matters not
zette, historical record, ledger, log, logbook, magazine, what is known to a judge, if it be not known in a judicial
narrative, periodical, record, register, serial form. Judex debet judicare secundum allegata et pro-
bata. A judge ought to decide according to the allegations
JUDGE, noun adjudger, adjudicator, administrator of and the proofs. Judex non potest esse testis in propria
justice, arbiter, arbitrator, assessor, chancellor, the court, her causa. A judge cannot be a witness in his own case. In re
honor, his honor, honorable justice, intercessor, interpreter, propria iniquum admodum est alicui licentiam tribuere
iudex, jurist, justice, justicer, magistrate, moderator, nego- sententiae. It is unjust for anyone to assign to himself the
tiator, one who dispenses justice, praetor, quaesitor, ref- privilege of deciding his own case. De fide et officio judicis
eree, surrogate, umpire, your honor non recipitur quaestio, sed de scientia, sive sit error
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: administrative judge, appellate judge, juris, sive facti. The good faith and honesty of a judge are
chief judge, County Court Judge, Court of Appeals Judge, not to be questioned, but his knowledge, whether it be in
Court of Claims Judge, District Court Judge, Family Court error of law or fact, may be. Judex ante oculos aequitatem
Judge, inferior court judge, judge de facto, judge of a court semper habere debet. A judge ought always to have equity
of record, justice of the peace, Justice of the Supreme Court, before his eyes. Judices non tenentur exprimere causam
law clerk, lay judge, magistrates, presiding judge, removal sententiae suae. Judges are not bound to explain the rea-
of a judge, superior court judge, Surrogate, town judge son for their sentences. Judex aequitatem semper spectare
FOREIGN PHRASES: In propria causa nemo judex. No one can debet. A judge ought always to regard equity. Bonus judex
be a judge in his own case. Ignorantia judicis est calami- secundum aequum et bonum judicat, et aequitatem
tas innocentis. The ignorance of a judge is the misfortune of stricto juri praefert. Good judges decide according to what
the innocent. Judex bonus nihil ex arbitrio suo faciat, nec is just and right, and prefer equity to strict law. Ad questio-
propositione domesticae voluntatis, sed juxta leges et nes facti non respondent judices; ad questiones legis
jura pronunciet. A good judge should do nothing of his non respondent juratores. Judges do not answer to a ques-
own arbitrary will, nor on the dictate of his personal wishes, tion of fact; jurors do not answer to a question of law. Qui
but should decide according to law and justice. Veritas ha- aliquid statuerit, parte inaudita altera, aequum licet
benda est in juratore; justitia et judicium in judice. Truth dixerit, haud aequum fecerit. He who decides anything
should be possessed by a juror; justice and judgment by a without hearing both sides, although he may decide cor-
judge. Judicium a non suo judice datum nullius est mo- rectly, has by no means acted justly. Judex habere debet
menti. A judgment rendered by one who is not the proper duos sales—salem sapientiae, ne sit insipidus; et salem
judge is of no force. Quicquid judicis auctoritati subjici- conscientiae, ne sit diabolus. A judge ought to have two
tur, novitati non subjicitur. Whatever is subject to the au- salts—the salt of wisdom, lest he be insipid; and the salt of
thority of a judge is not subject to innovation. Sententia a conscience, lest he be devilish. Optimam esse legem, quae
non judice lata nemini debet nocere. A sentence or judg- minimum relinquit arbitrio judicis; id quod cer titudo
ment rendered by a person who is not a judge ought not to ejus praestat. That law is the best which leaves the least
harm anyone. Respiciendum est judicanti ne quid aut discretion to the judge; this is an advantage which results
durius aut remissius constituatur quam causa deposcit; from its certainty. Optima est lex quae minimum relinquit
nec enim aut severitatis aut clementiae gloria affectan arbitrio judicis; optimus judex qui minimum sibi. That is
da est. It is a matter of import to a judge that nothing should the best system of law which leaves the least to the discre-
be either more leniently or more severely construed than the tion of the judge; that judge is the best who leaves the least

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to his own discretion. Optimus judex, qui minimum sibi. order, precedent, pronouncement, recommendation, re-
He is the best judge who leaves the least to his own discre- port, resolution, result, ruling, sentence
tion. Judicis officium est opus diei in die suo perficere. It ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: advisory judgment, collateral attack on
is the duty of a judge to finish the day’s work within that day. a judgment, conditional judgment, confession by judgment,
Judicis est judicare secundum allegata et probata. It is consent judgment, declaratory judgment, default judgment,
the duty of a judge to decide according to the allegations deficiency judgment, docketing a judgment, enforcement of
and proofs. Quam rationabilis debet esse finis, non a judgment, execution of judgment, final judgment, foreign
definitur, sed omnibus circumstantiis inspectis pendet judgment, full faith and credit, interlocutory judgment, judg-
ex justiciariorum discretione. What a reasonable fine ment by confession, judgment creditor, judgment debtor,
ought to be is not defined, but is left to the discretion of the judgment in rem, judgment lien, judgment non obstante
judges, all the circumstances being considered. veredicto, judgment roll, money judgment, opening a de-
fault judgment, personal judgment, relief from judgment,
JUDGE, verb adjudge, adjudicate, appraise, arbitrate, as- res judicata, satisfaction of a judgment, vacating a judgment
certain, assess, conclude, condemn, consider, criticize, de- FOREIGN PHRASES: Ubi eadem ratio ibi, idem jus; et de si-
cide, decree, deduce, deem, derive, determine, discern, milibus idem est judicium. Where there is the same rea-
draw a conclusion, estimate, examine, find, hold, infer, inter- son, there is the same law; and where there are similar situ-
pret, iudicare, iudicium exercere, moderate, negotiate, pass ations, the judgment is the same. Respiciendum est
sentence upon, pass under review, perceive, pronounce, judicanti ne quid aut durius aut remissius constituatur
reckon, referee, reprobate, resolve, review, rule on, sentence, quam causa deposcit; nec enim aut severitatis aut clem-
settle, sit in judgment, try, try a case, umpire, value, weigh entiae gloria affectanda est. It is a matter of import to a
FOREIGN PHRASES: Judicis est jus dicere, non dare. It is the judge that nothing should be either more leniently or more
duty of a judge to declare the law, not to make it. Judex severely construed than the cause itself demands; for the
est lex loquens. The judge is the law speaking; that is, he glory neither of severity nor clemency should be affected.
is the mouthpiece of the law. Boni judicis est ampliare Non exemplis sed legibus judicandum est. Judgment
jurisdictionem. It is the duty of a good judge to enlarge should not be rendered from examples, but by the law. Res
his remedial authority. judicata pro veritate accipitur. A thing which is adjudi-
cated is accepted or received for the truth. Judicium non
JUDGE’S CHAMBER, noun judge’s antechamber, debet esse illusorium; suum effectum habere debet. A
judge’s anteroom, judge’s court chamber, judge’s private judgment ought not to be illusory; it ought to have its proper
office, judicial chamber, judicial office, judicial room effect. Judicium a non suo judice datum nullius est mo-
menti. A judgment by one who is not the proper judge is of
JUDGMATIC, adjective calculating, circumspect, consid- no force. Omnis conclusio boni et veri judicii sequitur ex
erate, determinative, discriminating, discriminative, enlight- bonis et veris praemissis et dictis juratorum. Every con-
ened, fair-minded, impartial, judicative, judicatory, judicial, clusion of a good and true judgment arises from good and
judicious, juridical, juristic, just, magisterial, nonpartisan, true premises and the verdicts of jurors. In praeparatoriis
percipient, perspicacious, politic, provident, prudent, reflect- ad judicium favetur actori. In those matters preceding
ing, sagacious, thoughtful, tolerant, unbiased, unbigoted, judgment the plaintiff is favored. Frustra agit qui judicium
unprejudiced, well-advised, well-judged prosequi nequit cum effectu. He sues vainly who cannot
prosecute his judgment with effect. Sacramentum habet in
JUDGMENT (Discernment), noun ability to distinguish, se tres comites—veritatem, justitiam, et judicium; veritus
acumen, acuteness, analysis, apperception, appraisal, assess- habenda est in jurato; justitia et justicium in judice. An
ment, astuteness, awareness, circumspection, close observa- oath has in it three components—truth, justice, and judg-
tion, cognitive faculties, cognitive powers, comprehension, ment; truth in the party swearing; justice and judgment in
conclusion, consideration, consilium, contemplation, critical the judge administering the oath. Veredictum, quasi dic-
faculty, critical spirit, criticalness, critique, decision, diagnosis, tum veritatis; ut judicium, quasi juris dictum. A verdict
discrimination, discursive faculties, estimate, estimation, eval- is, as it were, the expression of the truth; as a judgment is
uation, examination, exhaustive inquiry, grasp, incisiveness, the expression of the law. Judicium semper pro veritate
inquiry, insight, inspection, intellectual faculties, intellectual accipitur. A judgment is always taken for truth. Judiciis
powers, intuition, iudicium, judiciousness, keenness, mental posterioribus fides est adhibenda. Credit should be given
faculty, observation, opinion, penetration, perception, percep- in the more recent decisions. Judex non reddit plus quam
tiveness, percipience, perspicacity, perspicuousness, probing, quod petens ipse requirit. A judge should not render judg-
quickness, ratiocination, rational faculty, rationality, reasoning, ments for a larger sum than the plaintiff demands. Parum est
reasoning faculties, reasoning power, review, sagacity, sapi- latam esse sententiam nisi mandetur executioni. It is not
ence, sharpness of mind, understanding, weighing enough that sentence should be given unless it be reduced
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: failure to exercise reasonable judgment to execution.
FOREIGN PHRASES: Incivile est, nisi tota lege perspecta, una
aliqua particula ejus proposita, judicare, vel respond- JUDGMENT ON THE FACTS, noun act of judgment,
ere. Unless the entire law has been examined, it is im- adjudication, authoritative decision, decision, deliberative
proper to pass judgment upon a portion of it. Judicia in determination, determination, disposition, final judgment,
deliberationibus crebro maturescunt, in accelerato findings, holding, irrevocable decision, judicature, judicial
processu nunquam. Judgments frequently mature by decision, opinion, pronouncement, resolution, ruling, set-
deliberations, never by hurried process. tled decision, verdict
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: a judgment or decree, appeals, di-
JUDGMENT (Formal court decree), noun adjudgment, rected verdict, pleadings, setting aside, summary judg-
adjudication, announcement, arbitrament, assessment, cen- ment, supplementary proceedings
sure, conclusion, condemnation, consideration, decision,
declaration, decree, determination, evaluation, finding, iudi- JUDICATORY, noun bar of justice, bench, court, court
cium, judicature, judicial assertion, legal decision, opinion, of justice, court of law, forum, institution where justice is

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rendered, judicature, judiciary, law court, place where jus- JUDICIOUSNESS, noun astuteness, cautiousness, delib-
tice is administered, ratio iudiciorum, tribunal eration, diplomacy, discernment, discretion, discriminating
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: inferior judicatory judgment, discrimination, enlightenment, expedience, good
judgment, judgment, moderation, perception, perspicacity,
JUDICATURE, noun administration of justice, authority, prudence, rationality, reason, reasonableness, restraint, sa-
bench, court, court of law, court’s jurisdiction, extent of the gaciousness, sagacity, sense, sensibility, shrewdness, sound-
court’s authority, forum, iurisdictio, judicatory, jurisdiction, ness, tactfulness, temperance, thoughtfulness
jurisdiction of the court, legal authority, legal power, tribunal
JUMPING OFF POINT, noun base, basis, bedrock, bot-
JUDICIAL, adjective considerate, disinterested, equita- tom, floor, flooring, foundation, fundamental basis, girder,
ble, fair, forensis, impartial, iudicialis, judgelike, judgmatic, ground, groundwork, premise, principle, rudiment, starting
judicative, judicious, juridical, juristic, juristical, just, know- point, support, supporting structure, underlying principle,
ing, politic, prudent, prudential, rational, reasonable, rea- underpinning basis
soned, sagacious, sage, sapient, sensible, thoughtful, unbi- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: floor plan in zoning and construction
ased, unbigoted, uninfluenced, unprejudiced, unswayed, laws, hacking the floor in parliamentary procedure, mini-
wise mum wage
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: critical state in a judicial proceeding,
judicial act, judicial business, judicial circuit, judicial deci- JUNCTION, noun accompaniment, adhesion, alliance, as-
sion, judicial district, judicial function, judicial inquiry, judi- sociation, attachment, chain, coalescence, coalition, collusion,
cial notice, judicial office, judicial opinion, judicial power, combination, concentration, concomitance, concourse, con-
judicial proceeding, judicial review, judicial separation, currence, confluence, conflux, conjugation, conjunction, con-
judicial sequestration, judicial tribunal nection, connivance, consolidation, contact, convergence,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Officia judicialia non concedantur ante- correlation, crossroad, coupling, encounter, focalization,
quam vacent. Judicial offices are not to be granted or ap- hinge, intersection, joining, liaison, meeting, union
pointed before they become vacant.
JUNCTURE (Crisis), noun contingency, critical moment,
JUDICIAL CONTEST, noun action, case, lawsuit, legal critical point, crux, dilemma, emergency, exigency, ex-
action, legal dispute, legal matter, legal proceedings, legal tremity, plight, predicament, quandary, strait
recourse, litigation, judicial proceeding, judicial recourse,
proceedings, suit, trial JUNCTURE (Eventuality), noun advent, assemblage, coa-
dunation, coalescence, coincidence, concentration, concourse,
JUDICIAL DETERMINATION, noun action, award, court concurrence, confluence, conflux, congregation, conjuncture,
resolution, court’s finding, declaration, decree, decretal, contingency, convergence, correlation, crisis, crossroad,
findings of fact and conclusions of law, holding, opinion event, eventuality, incident, intersection, meeting, moment,
judgment, judicial fiat, judicial pronouncement, order, order occasion, period, point, posture, situation, stage, union
of the court, pronouncement, ruling, sentence
JUNCTURE (Stage), noun correlation, eventuality, mo-
JUDICIAL PROCEEDING, noun action, case, cause in ment, opportunity, period, turning point
court, court proceeding, hearing, hearing on the merits,
judicial contest, judicial recourse, lawsuit, legal action, legal JUNIOR, adjective associate, auxiliary, inferior, little,
dispute, legal proceeding, legal recourse, legal remedy, lower, low-level, minor, minute, petty, secondary, second-
litigation, prosecution, suit, suit at law, suit in law, trial, trial class, second-rate, slight, small, smaller, small-time, subor-
of a case, trial of the issues dinate, subsidiary, two-bit

JUDICIAL REVIEW, noun certirari, judicial analysis, judi- JURAL, adjective according to law, de jure, founded
cial review, judicial scrutiny, legal analysis, legal review, in law, judicatory, judicial, judiciary, juridical, juristic,
legal scrutiny legal, of law, pertaining to law, recognized by law, sanc-
Specifically: judicial scrutiny tioned by law, within the law
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: appellate system, basis to appeal,
grounds to appeal, judicial issue, jurisdiction, trial de novo JURAT, noun accreditation, affirmation, asseveration,
attestation, attesting statement, authentication, avouch-
JUDICIARY, noun administration of justice, arm of the ment, avowal, certification, confirmation, documentation,
law, bar, bench, body of judges, courts, courts of justice, endorsement, ratification, solemn declaration, statement
department of justice, explicators of the law, forum of justice, which confirms information on an affidavit, substantiation,
interpreters of the law, judicatory, judicature, judicial branch, verification, verifying statement
judicial branch of government, judicial department, judicial ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: affidavit, affirmation, notary public, oath
forum, justices, law courts, legal forum, magistracy, tribunal
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: judiciary powers JURIDICAL, adjective according to law, adjudged,
advising, advisory, authoritative, authorized, concerning
JUDICIOUS, adjective apperceptive, astute, calculating, the law, conformable with the law, discerning, discretion-
careful, cautious, considerate, considered, deliberate, diplo- ary, discriminating, discriminative, enlightened, equitable,
matic, discerning, discreet, discretionary, discriminating, en- fair, forensic, impartial, in accordance with the law, in con-
lightened, heedful, judgmatic, mindful, moderate, percep- formity to the law, iuridicialis, judgelike, judgmatic, judica-
tive, percipient, perspicacious, politic, provident, prudens, tive, judicatorial, judicatory, judicial, judiciary, judicious,
prudent, prudential, rational, reasonable, reflecting, regardful, jural, juridic, jurisprudential, juristic, just, justifiable, justi-
sagacious, sagax, sage, sapiens, sapient, sensible, shrewd, fied, lawful, legal, legalistic, legalized, magisterial, percep-
sound, tactful, temperate, thorough, thoughtful, undaring, tive, percipient, perspicacious, politic, prescribed,
well-considered, wise principled, proper, provident, prudent, prudential, rational,

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reflecting, right, rightful, sagacious, sage, sanctioned, sapi- jurisdictional monetary threshold, jurisdictional outer edge,
ent, solicitorial, sound, unbiased, understanding, unpreju- jurisdictional perimeter, jurisdictional power, monetary
diced, warranted, well-advised, within the law amount that can be heard by a court, province, purview,
range, sphere, territorial authority, territorial range, territory
JURISDICTION, noun authority, authority to hear and ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: amount in controversy, subject matter
decide a case, capacity to decide the matter in issue, capac- jurisdiction
ity to hear the controversy, command, control, decision-
making power over the case, domain, domination, domin- JURISPRUDENCE, noun body of laws, corpus juris, doc-
ion, extent of authority, grasp, iurisdictio, legal authority, trines of lawmaking, iuris prudentia, knowledge of law,
legal power, legal power to decide a case, legal right, legal code, legal learning, legal philosophy, legal practice,
power, province, purview, range, reach, realm, reign, sov- legal precedent, legal science, nomography, nomology,
ereignty, sphere, superintendence, supervision, territorial philosophy of law, science of law, science of legal relations,
range of authority, territory system of laws
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: basis jurisdiction, civil jurisdiction, concur- FOREIGN PHRASES: Scire leges non hoc est verba earum tenere,
rent jurisdiction, court of competent jurisdiction, equity juris- sed vim ac potestatem. To know the laws is not to observe
diction, exclusive jurisdiction, forum non conveniens, in perso- their words alone, but their force and power. Cessante rati-
nam jurisdiction, in rem jurisdiction, inherent jurisdiction, one legis, cessat et ipsa lex. Where the reason for a law
jurisdiction of the court, jurisdiction over the person, jurisdic- ceases, the law itself also ceases. Jurisprudentia est divina-
tional amount, jurisdictional defect, jurisdictional dispute, juris- rum atque humanarum rerum notitia, justi atque injusti
dictional facts, jurisdictional plea, jurisdictional requirement, scientia. Jurisprudence is the knowledge of things divine and
jurisdictional statement, lack of jurisdiction, limited jurisdic- human, the science of what is just and unjust.
tion, original jurisdiction, pendent jurisdiction, primary jurisdic-
tion, quasi in rem jurisdiction, subject matter jurisdiction, JURIST, noun advocate, attorney, attorney-at-law, bar-
submission to jurisdiction, venue, want of jurisdiction rister, bencher, counsel, counselor, counselor-at-law, inter-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Est boni judicis ampliare jurisdictionem. cessor, iuris consultus, iuris peritus, judge, jurisconsult, ju-
It is the duty of a good judge to extend the jurisdiction. risprudent, justice, lawyer, learned counsel, legal advisor,
Extra territorium jus dicenti impune non paretur. One legal expert, legal practitioner, legal representative, legal-
exercising jurisdiction outside of his territorial limits cannot ist, legist, magistrate, master of jurisprudence, member of
be obeyed with impunity. Jurisdictio est potestas de pu- the bar, member of the legal profession, one called to the
blico introducta, cum necessitate juris dicendi. bar, pleader, practicing lawyer, practitioner of the law,
Jurisdiction is a power introduced for the public good, on procurator, prosecutor, public attorney, solicitor
account of the necessity of administering justice. Quaelibet FOREIGN PHRASES: Natura appetit perfectum, ita et lex. Nature
jurisdictio cancellos suos habet. Every jurisdiction has its seeks perfection, and so does the law. Non verbis sed ipsis
own bounds. Qui habet jurisdictionem absolvendi, habet rebus. leges imponimus. We do not impose laws upon
jurisdictionem ligandi. He who has jurisdiction to release, words, but upon the things themselves. Leges naturae per-
has jurisdiction to bind. Rerum ordo confunditur si uni- fectissimae sunt et immutabiles, humani vero juris condi-
cuique jurisdictio non servetur. The order of things is tio semper in infinitum decurrit, et nihil est in eo quod
confused if everyone does not give heed to his own jurisdic- perpetuo stare possit. The laws of nature are the most per-
tion. Ubi est forum, ibi ergo est jus. Where the forum is, fect and immutable, but the condition of human law is unend-
there the law is accordingly. Judici officium suum exce- ing, and there is nothing in it which can continue perpetually.
denti non paretur. No obedience is to be given to a judge
exceeding his office or jurisdiction. Est boni judicis ampli- JUROR, noun adjudger, adjudicator, appraiser, arbiter,
are jurisdictionem. It is the duty of a good judge to inter- assessor, assessor of liability and damages, estimator,
pret his jurisdiction liberally. In personam actio est, qua evaluator, examiner, hearer, individual selected for jury
cum eo agimus qui obligatus est nobis ad faciendum service, iudex, jurat, juryman, member of a jury, one autho-
aliquid vel dandum. The action in personam is that in rized to deliver a verdict, one of an adjudgment body, one
which we sue him who is under obligation to us to do some- sworn to deliver a verdict, reviewer, swearer, trier of fact
thing or give something. In omni actione ubi duae con- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: challenge for cause, competent juror,
currunt districtiones, videlicet, in rem et in personam, foreman, grand juror, peremptory challenge to the selec-
illa districtio tenenda est quae magis timetur et magis tion of a juror, petit juror
ligat. In every action where two distresses concur, that is to FOREIGN PHRASES: Veritas habenda est in juratore; justitia
say, in rem and in personam, that is to be chosen which is et judicium in judice. Truth should be possessed by a
most dreaded and which binds more firmly. Cui jurisdictio juror; justice and judgment by a judge. Omnis conclusio
data est, ea quoque concessa esse videntur, sine quibus boni et veri judicii sequitur ex bonis et veris praemis-
jurisdictio explicari non potest. Those things without sis et dictis juratorum. Every conclusion of a good and
which jurisdiction could not be exercised are held to be true judgment arises from good and true premises and the
given to each to whom jurisdiction has been granted. Debet verdicts of jurors. Triatio ibi semper debet fieri, ubi jura-
quis juri subjacere ubi delinquit. Everyone ought to be tores meliorem possunt habere notitiam. Trial ought al-
subject to the law of the place where he commits an of- ways to be had where the jurors can have the best informa-
fense. Nihil habet forum ex scena. The court has nothing tion. Quemadmodum ad quaestionem facti non
to do with what is not before it. Judicium a non suo judice respondent judices, ita ad quaestionem juris non re-
datum nullius est momenti. A judgment rendered by one spondent juratores. Just as judges do not answer ques-
who is not the proper judge is of no force. tions of fact, so jurors do not answer questions of law.

JURISDICTIONAL AMOUNT, noun amount involved in a JURY, noun adjudgment body, adjudicators, arbiters,
case, domain, extent of authority, jurisdiction, jurisdictional arbitrators, array, assessors, body of jurors, determiners,
authority, jurisdictional boundary, jurisdictional legal author- iudices, judges of the facts, jurymen, panel, reviewers of
ity, jurisdictional legal power, jurisdictional monetary limit, fact, talesmen, tribunal, triers of fact

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ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: acquittal by a jury, advisory jury, chal- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: just and reasonable grounds, just
lenges, charge to the jury, empaneling a jury, fair and cause, just claim, just compensation, just debts, just deci-
impartial jury, foreman of the jury, grand jury, hung jury, sion, just terms, just value in a case, without just cause
impartial jury, instructing the jury, invading the province FOREIGN PHRASES: Ubi lex aliquem cogit ostendere causam,
of the jury, petit jury, polling a jury, right to trial by jury, necesse est quod causa sit justa et legitima. Where the
special grand jury, swearing of the jury law compels a man to show cause, it is necessary that the
FOREIGN PHRASES: Matter en ley ne serra mise in boutche cause be just and legal.
del jurors. A matter of law shall not be put into the
mouth of jurors. Paribus sententiis reus absolvitur. JUST CLAIM, noun contingent interest, in accordance
When the opinions are equal, where the court is equally with legal provisions, legitimate cause of action, legitimate
divided, the defendant is acquitted. Nemo qui condem- legal issues, overwhelming proof, proper issues, strong
nare potest, absolvere non potest. No one who can basis, substantiated complaint, verifiable complaint
convict is unable to acquit. Patria laboribus et expensis
non debet fatigari. A jury ought not to be troubled by JUSTICE, noun aequitas, equitableness, equity, fair-
labors and expenses. De jure judices, de facto jura- mindedness, fair play, fair treatment, fairness, freedom from
tores, respondent. Judges decide questions of law, ju- bias, impartiality, iustitia, justness, objectivity, probity, pro-
rors, questions of fact. priety, reason, reasonableness, rectitude, reparation, retri-
bution, right, righteousness, rightfulness, uprighteousness
JURY DELIBERATIONS, noun chance verdict, common ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: due administration of justice, ends of
jury, compromised verdict, consideration by the jury, con- justice, equity, fleeing from justice, fugitive from justice, in
templation by the jury, jury analysis, jury review, panel furtherance of justice, in the interests of justice, miscarriage
determination of justice, obstructing justice, preventive justice, speedy
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: grand jury, jury verdict, petit jury, quo- justice, substantial justice
tient verdict, special jury, special verdict, trial jury FOREIGN PHRASES: Melior est justitia vere praeveniens
quam severe puniens. Truly preventive justice is better
JURY NULLIFICATION, noun commonsense judgment, than severe punishment. Justitia non est neganda non
disregard of the law by a body of jurors, improper verdict, differenda. Justice is neither to be denied nor delayed. In
independence by judges of the facts, independence by jury- re propria iniquum admodum est alicui licentiam
men, independence by reviewers of fact, independence of tribuere sententiae. It is unjust for anyone to assign to
the law by jurors, juror activism, jurors’ disregard of the law, himself the privilege of deciding his own case.
jurors’ independence, jury independence, paid jurors, preju- Sacramentum habet in se tres comites—veritatem, jus-
dicial verdict, professional jurors, refusal to convict even after titiam, et judicium; veritus habenda est in jurato; jus-
the jury believes the defendant is guilty, turning back the titia et justicium in judice. An oath has in it three com-
evidence, unwillingness to convict by a jury, verdict of ac- ponents—truth, justice, and judgment; truth in the party
quittal contrary to the law, wrongful determination swearing; justice and judgment in the judge administering
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: new trial, retrial, reversal the oath. Justitia est constans et perpetua voluntas jus
suum cuique tribuendi. Justice is the constant and per-
JURY-RIGGING, verb accompany, adjudgment body, ad- petual means to render to each one his rights. Lex dilatio-
judicators, agree, alternative, arbiters, arbitrators, array, asses- nes semper exhorret. The law always abhors delays. Boni
sors, be in time, body of jurors, coexist, coextend, coincide, judicis est ampliare justitiam. It is the duty of a good
concur, contemporize, co-occur, determiners, emergency, judge to make precedents which amplify justice. Discretio
expedient, fixing a jury, go along with, go hand in hand, im- est scire per legem quid sit justum. Discretion consists in
permanent, improvised, isochronize, judges of the facts, jury- knowing through the law what is just. Justitia est duplex,
men, keep in, keep pace with, keep time, makeshift, match, viz., severe puniens et vere praeveniens. Justice is dou-
panel, provisional, put or be in phase, reviewers of fact, step, ble, that is to say punishing severely and truly preventing.
stopgap, substitute, succedaneous, sync, synchronize, tales- Nulli vendemus, nulli negabimus, aut differemus rec-
men, temporary, time, tribunal, triers of fact tum vel justitian. We will sell to none, we will deny to
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: mistrial, peremptory challenges none, we will delay to none, either equity or justice.
Justitia non novit patrem nec matrem; solum veritatem
JUST, adjective aboveboard, according to law, admis- spectat justitia. Justice knows neither father nor mother;
sible, aequus, affording no undue advantage, appropriate, justice looks to the truth alone. Quod ad jus naturale at-
as it should be, authoritative, awarded deservedly, bal- tinet omnes homines aequales sunt. All men are equal
anced, befitting, bona fide, cogent, condign, conscien- as far as the natural law is concerned. Accipere quid ut
tious, constitutional, deserved, deserving, detached, di- justitiam facias, non est tam accipere quam extorqu-
rect, disinterested, dispassionate, due, equable, equitable, ere. The acceptance of a reward for doing justice is not so
ethical, even-handed, exact, expected, express, fair, fair much an acceptance as an extortion. Justitia nemini
and square, fair-minded, fit, fitting, forceful, honest, hon- neganda est. Justice is to be denied to no one. Plena et
orable, impartial, incorruptible, iustus, judicious, juridical, celeris justitia fiat partibus. Let full and speedy justice
justifiable, justified, lawful, legal, legitimate, licit, logical, be done to the parties. Jure naturae aequum est nemi-
merited, meritorious, meritus, moral, objective, open- nem cum alterius detrimento et injuria fieri locupletio-
minded, open to reason, owed, owing, precise, principled, rem. According to the laws of nature, it is just that no one
proper, rational, reasonable, reputable, right, righteous, should be enriched by the detriment and injury of another.
rightful, scrupulous, sincere, solid, sound, square, straight, Fiat justitia, ruat coelum. Let right be done, though the
straightforward, sufficient, suitable, unbiased, unbigoted, heavens fall. Nihil magis justum est quam quod neces-
unbought, unbribable, unbribed, unchallengeable, uncol- sarium est. Nothing is more just than what is necessary.
ored, uncorrupt, uncorrupted, unimpeachable, uninflu- Lex non deficit in justitia exhibenda. The law does not
enced, unprejudiced, unswayed, upright, upstanding, vera- fail in dispensing justice. Bonus judex secundum ae-
cious, virtuous, weighty, wise, worthy quum et bonum judicat, et aequitatem stricto juri

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praefert. Good judges decide according to what is just circumstance, mitigation, palliation, purgatio, rationalization,
and right, and prefer equity to strict law. Lex plus lauda- reason, reasonable excuse, reasoning, statement of defense,
tur quando ratione probatur. The law is most praisewor- vindication
thy when it is consistent with reason. Vigilantibus et non ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: justification for committing an unlawful
dormientibus jura subveniunt. The laws aid the vigilant act, legal cause
and not those who slumber. Judex bonus nihil ex arbitrio
suo faciat, nec propositione domesticae voluntatis, JUSTIFIED, verb accounted for, championed, condoned,
sed juxta leges et jura pronunciet. A good judge should countenanced, defended, endorsed, espoused, excul-
do nothing of his own arbitrary will, nor on the dictate of pated, excused, exonerated, explained, forgiven, legitima-
his personal wishes, but should decide according to law tized, maintained, made excuses for, made legitimate,
and justice. Qui aliquid statuerit, parte inaudita altera, mitigated, offered in defense, plead one’s cause, proven as
aequum licet dixerit, haud aequum fecerit. He who warranted, proven the truth of, seconded, shown to be just,
decides anything without hearing both sides, although he spoken in favor of, stood up for, supported, sustained, up-
may decide correctly, has by no means acted justly. Fraus held, urged as reasons for, vindicated, warranted, with ad-
et jus nunquam cohabitant. Fraud and justice never equate reasons, with sufficient reasons
dwell together. Festinatio justitiae est noverca infortu- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: family court, justification, juvenile de-
nii. The hastening of justice is the stepmother of misfor- linquency court, juvenile justice system, Megan’s Law,
tune. Commodum ex injuria sua non habere debet. No moral justification, termination from employment, torture
person ought to derive any advantage by his own wrong.
Veritas habenda est in juratore; justitia et judicium in JUSTIFY, verb absolve, account for, allege in support,
judice. Truth should be possessed by a juror; justice and allege in vindication, answer for, argue for, back, be answer-
judgment by a judge. Jus est ars boni et aequi. Law is the able for, be apologist for, bear out, bolster, champion, con-
science of what is good and just. Lex est dictamen ratio- done, contend for, countenance, declare guiltless, defend,
nis. Law is the dictate of reason. Lex est ratio summa, defend as conformable to law, defend as conformable to
quae jubet quae sunt utilia et necessaria et contraria right, endorse, espouse, espouse the cause of, exculpate,
prohibet. That which is law is the consummation of rea- excusare, excuse, exonerate, explain, forgive, give as an
son, which commands those things useful and necessary excuse, legitimate, maintain, maintain as conformable to
while prohibiting the contrary. Sequi debet potentia jus- duty, maintain as conformable to justice, make defense for,
titiam, non praecedere. Power ought to follow justice, make excuses for, make explanation of, make legitimate,
not precede it. Summa caritas est facere justitiam sin- mitigate, offer in defense, palliate, plead for, plead one’s
gulis, et omni tempore quando necesse fuerit. The cause, pragmatize, prove the truth of, prove warranted,
greatest charity is to do justice to everyone, and at all purgare, second, show to be just, speak in favor of, stand
times when it is necessary. up for, strengthen, support, sustain, uphold, urge reasons
for, vindicate, warrant
JUSTICE COURT, noun bar, bar of justice, bench, for
adjusting disputes, forum, forum of justice, judgment seat, JUVENILE, adjective callow, childish, childlike, imma-
judicial assembly, judicial forum, judicial tribunal, justice, ture, inexperienced, infantine, intended for youth, iuvenilis,
justice seat, lawcourt, magistrates, place where justice is minor, pubescent, puerilis, suited to youth, unadult, under-
administered, tribunal age, undeveloped, unfledged, unseasoned, vernal, young,
youthful
JUSTICIABLE, adjective actionable, amenable to law, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: juvenile court, juvenile delinquent,
appropriate for a trial, arguable, capable of being decided by Person in Need of Supervision, youthful offender
a court, capable of being litigated, capable of being tried,
cognizable, disputable, enforceable, jurisdictional, legally JUVENILE, noun adolescent, child, fledgling, immature
enforceable, liable to prosecution, litigable, proper for judi- person, inexperienced person, iuvenilis, junior, juvenal, minor,
cial examination, proper for judicial review, proper to be person under legal age, puerile person, puerilis, stripling, teen,
examined in courts of justice, ripe to submit for judicial re- teenager, ward, young person, youngling, youngster, youth
view, subject to a court case, subject to action of a court of ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: juvenile court, juvenile delinquent
justice, subject to being resolved in court, triable
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: justiciable controversy, justiciable JUVENILE DELINQUENT, noun blameworthy child,
disputes blameworthy minor, culpable youth, derelict adolescent,
derelict inexperienced person, derelict junior, immature
JUSTIFIABLE, adjective acceptable, admissible, allow- youngster, misbehaving teenager, miscreant, misguided
able, condonable, defendable, defensible, excusable, ex- teen, misguided young person, neglectful fledgling, offend-
emptible, expiable, forgivable, inculpable, iustus, justified, ing immature person, violator under age, young wrongdoer
lawful, legal, legalized, legitimate, legitimus, licit, maintain-
able, merited, meritorious, pardonable, permitted, plausi- JUXTAPOSE, verb abut, adjoin, align, annex, appose,
ble, practicable, proper, rational, reasonable, sanctioned, arrange side by side, border, bring near, bring together,
sensible, sound, suitable, vindicable, warrantable, war- connect, coordinate, interconnect, join, line up, make
ranted, well-grounded, worthy contiguous, make even, make uniform, neighbor, oscu-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: defense of justification, justifiable con- late, place close together, place near, place next to, place
troversy, justifiable homicide side by side, position together, put alongside, put beside,
put close together, put side by side, range together, set
JUSTIFICATION, noun adjustment, allowance, clarifying side by side
statement, clearance, compurgation, defense, exculpation,
excusatio, excuse, exonerating circumstance, exonerating JUXTAPOSITION, noun adjacency, apposition, colla-
fact, exoneration, explanation, exposition, extenuation, good tion, collocation, connection, contact, contiguity, contigu-
excuse, ground for excusing, legal defense, mitigating ousness, propinquity

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 K
KEEN, adjective acute, aggressive, all fired-up, all out, resume, retain, stay on top of, steadfastly persevere, stick
ambitious, animated, anxious, ardent, assiduous, avid, to, stick with, support, sustain
brisk, burning, committed, deep, deep-felt, desirous, dili- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: tolling statute of limitations or appeals
gent, disposed, dynamic, eager, earnest, ebullient, ener-
getic, enterprising, enthused, enthusiastic, excited, ex- KEEP IN CUSTODY, verb capture, cast into prison,
treme, exuberant, fervent, fervid, feverish, fiery, flaming, catch, under lock and key, commit to a prison, commit to
full of enthusiasm, heartfelt, hearty, heated, intense, intent, jail, confine, constrain, deprive of liberty, detain, encage,
obsessed, passionate, pliant, proactive, profound, prompt, hold, hold captive, imprison, imprison by authority, incar-
quick, raring to, ready, receptive, responsive, robust, spir- cerate, jail, legally restrain, lock up, make a captive, make
ited, vibrant, vigorous, vital, vivacious, vivid, zealous, a prisoner, place in confinement, place in custody, place in
zestful preventive custody, place in protective custody, put under
restraint, remain in confinement, restrain, restrict, secure,
KEEP (Continue), verb be constant, be steadfast, carry seize, seize by legal warrant, take captive, take prisoner
forward, carry on, endure, extend, forge ahead, go on, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: chain of custody, child custody,
keep going, last, lengthen, live on, maintain, move ahead, speedy trial, visitation
never cease, perpetuate, perseverare, persevere, persist,
press onward, progress, prolong, pursue, remain, run on, KEEP IN PERSPECTIVE, noun analyze correctly, cor-
stay, stick to, support, survive, sustain, wear rectly perceive, judiciousness keep as the center, keep as
the center of attention, keep as the center of interest,
KEEP (Fulfill), verb abide by, acknowledge, adhere to, be keep as the central point, keep as the converging point,
faithful to, be true to, carry out, celebrate, commemorate, keep as the focal point, keep as the goal, keep as the
complete, comply with, conform to, discharge, follow, heed, heart of the matter, keep as the objective, organize, the
honor, live up to, make good, meet, observare, observe, per- law of perspective
form, regard, respect, retinere, satisfy, solemnize, stand by
KEEP THE PEACE, verb agreement not to disturb, alli-
KEEP (Restrain), verb arrest, bar, block, cage, check, ance not to disturb, armistice, calm, calmness, coexistence,
cohibere, confine, constrain, contain, control, curb, delay, concord, cooperation, end of hostilities, end of unrest, end
deprive, detain, deter, enclose, foil, frustrate, halt, ham- of violence, harmony, hush, lull, maintain quiet, neutrality,
per, hinder, hold, hold back, hold in, hold up, impede, pact, quiet, quietness, rapport, reconciliation, serenity, si-
inhibit, obstruct, prevent, prohibit, restrict, retard, reti- lence, stillness, suspension of hostilities, tranquility, treaty,
nere, shut in, shut up, stay, stifle, stop, stymie, suppress, truce, unanimity, unity
thwart, withhold ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: curfews, law enforcement

KEEP (Shelter), verb accumulate, amass, bank, cache, KEN, noun 20/20 vision, appreciation, apprehension,
care for, cause to endure, cause to last, cherish, cling to, awareness, comprehension, discernment, discrimination,
condere, conserve, deposit, embrace, foster, guard, have, farsightedness, field of view, field of vision, foresight, intel-
hold, husband, keep alive, keep safe, lay aside, lay away, ligence, know-how, knowledge, perception, percipience,
look after, maintain, nurture, pile up, possess, preserve, peripheral field of vision, practical knowledge, range of vi-
protect, put aside, put away, reserve, retain, retard decay, sion, recognition, scope, sentience, understanding, vision,
safeguard, save, secure, shelter, spare, store, support, sus- wisdom
tain, take care of, tend, treasure, watch over
KEY, adjective critical, crucial, decisive, fateful, impor-
KEEP GOING, verb carry on for, continue, don’t give up, tant, influential, major, momentous, significant, weighty
don’t let up, endure, extend, fulfill, further keep administer-
ing to, keep advancing, keep at, keep attending to, keep KEY (Passport), noun bar, pass, permit, ticket
on, maintain, maintain a course, manage, minister to, per-
petuate, persevere, persist, press on, proceed, pursue, KEY (Solution), noun answer, method, resolution, way

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KEY MAN, noun indispensable person, man of mark, relation through ties of blood, relationship through consan-
officer, person of importance, person of repute, president, guinity, relative, sibling, stock
top person ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: next of kin

KEYNOTE, noun anchorage, basis, bedrock, body, bot- KIND, adjective accommodating, affable, affectionate,
tom line, bull’s-eye, centerpiece, central focus, chief focus, agreeable, amiable, amicable, assisting, beneficent, benevo-
core, cornerstone, essence, foundation, framework, ground- lent, benign, benignant, brotherly, charitable, chivalrous, class,
work, heart, highlight, main, main point, major focus, nu- compassionate, compliant, considerate, cordial, courteous,
cleus, pith, pivot, point, predominant focus, root, substance, decent, delicate, diplomatic, easy-going, forbearing, forgiving,
sum, theme, thesis, underpinning fraternal, friendly, gallant, generous, genial, gentle, giving,
good, good-natured, gracious, grade, heedful, helpful, hospi-
KICK THE CAN DOWN THE ROAD, verb arrest, bottle- table, humane, humanitarian, kindhearted, kindly, lenient,
neck, check, dally, dam, dawdle, delay, detain, drag, drag merciful, mild, nice, noble, noble-minded, obliging, patient,
one’s feet, give the run around, goldbrick, hinder, hold back, philanthropic, pleasant, sensitive, softhearted, solicitous, sort,
impede, linger, logjam, obstruct, pause, play a waiting game, sympathetic, sympathizing, tactful, temperate, thoughtful,
postpone, procrastinate, prolong, protract, shirk, stall, wait tolerant, understanding, well-intentioned, well-meaning
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: budgetary cuts, continuing resolution
KIND, noun breed, category, character, class, classifica-
KICKBACK, noun bribe, criminal gift, criminal share, tion, denomination, designation, division, form, forma,
graft, hush money, illegal commission, illegal compensa- generic class, generis, genre, genus, group, ilk, modus,
tion, illegal cut, illegal payment, illegal percentage paid, nature, sort, species, type, variety
illlegal recompense, illegal remuneration, payoff, payola, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: payment in kind
protection money
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: anti-kickback law, illegal kickback KINDHEARTEDNESS, noun act of kindness, affection,
scheme, official corruption agreeableness, altruism, amiability, amicableness, benefac-
tion, benefit, benevolence, blessing, charity, clemency,
KIDNAP, verb abduct, bear off, capture, carry off, con- compassion, consideration, cordiality, courteousness, cour-
vey away, ensnare, hold for ransom, impress, put under tesy, decency, generosity, gentleness, goodness, good
duress, run away with, run off with, seize, shanghai, snatch, disposition, good intentions, good-heartedness, good na-
spirit away, steal away, take away, take by force, unlawfully ture, good-natured disposition, graciousness, heartfelt
seize, waylay sympathy, humane, humanity, id, kindheartedness, kindli-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: false imprisonment ness, kindly disposed, kindness, loving, merciful, mildness,
FOREIGN PHRASES: A piratis aut latronibus capti liberi per- nice, philanthropic, softheartedness, sympathy, thoughtful-
manent. Persons captured by pirates or robbers remain ness, understanding, virtuous, warmheartedness
free.
KINDLE, verb affect, begin, commence, create, embark,
KILL (Defeat), verb abolish, abrogate, annul, arrest, emerge, engender, enkindle, establish, evolve, give birth, in-
beat, block, cancel, check, conficere, counteract, crush, augurate, incept, incite, induce, initiate, instigate, led, moti-
destroy, devitalize, dispatch, extinguish, interficere, invali- vate, nourish, nurture, occasion, originate, procure, start, stoke
date, nullify, overthrow, overturn, prevail over, put down,
quash, quell, repress, repulse, revoke, squash, stop, sur- KINDNESS, noun act of charity, act of grace, act of hu-
mount, thwart, triumph, trucidare, upset, vanquish manity, advantageous, affability, affectionate, agreeableness,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: kill a legislative bill aid, altruism, amiability, amicability, amicableness, assis-
tance, beneficence, beneficial, benevolence, big-hearted-
KILL (Murder), verb assassinate, conficere, deprive of ness, brotherhood, charitableness, chivalry, clemency, com-
life, destroy, dispatch, execute, exterminate, injure fatally, passion, consideration, cordiality, courteousness, decency,
interficere, liquidate, massacre, occidere, put to death, delicacy, diplomacy, fair, favorable, fellowship, fraternal,
slaughter, slay, smite friendliness, friendship, gailantry, generosity, good inten-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: deliberate killing, intent to kill, justifi- tions, good nature, goodheartedness, goodness, goodwill,
able killing, malicious killing, premeditated killing graciousness, helpfulness, hospitality, humaneness, kind-
heartedness, lovingness, magnanimous, mindfulness, nice-
KILLER, noun annihilator, assassin, assassinator, butcher, ness, philanthropy, solicitousness, succor, sympathy,
criminal, decapitator, destroyer, exterminator, gunman, hit thoughtfulness, understanding, warmheartedness, warmth
man, liquidator, manslayer, mass murderer, mass slayer,
murderer, serial murderer, shooter, slayer, triggerman, villain KINDRED, noun ancestor, ancestral relation, blood re-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: cop killer law, serial killer lations, blood relatives, brethren, clan, clansmen, cognati,
consanguinei, descendant, family, folk, kin, kinsfolk, kins-
KILLING, noun annihilation, assassination, bloody mur- men, kinspeople, lineage, necessarii, next of kin, relation by
der, decimation, destruction, elimination, execution, exter- birth, relation by blood, relation by consanguinity, relations,
mination, homicide, liquidation, massacre, murder, murder- relatives, stock
ous assault, slaughter, slaughtering, slaying, violent death ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: collateral kindred, degree of kindred
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: criminally negligent homicide, intent
to kill, justifiable killing, malicious killing, premeditation, KING, noun authority, bigwig, boss, chief, chieftain,
self-defense, wrongful death commander, czar, dictator, director, emperor, executive,
governor, head, head honcho, high chief, imperator, leader,
KIN, noun affiliation, blood relation, blood relative, de- lord, magnate, majesty, master, monarch, overlord, para-
scendant, distant relative, family, family ties, ilk, kindred, mount lord, patriarch, person who is reported to, poten-
kinship, line, lineage, near relation, next of kin, relation, tate, power, royal personage, ruler, superior

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KINGDOM, noun area of control, country, demesne, KNOWINGLY, adverb advisedly, deliberately, design-
domain, holding, interest, land, manor, nation, ownership, edly, intentionally, learnedly, pointedly, purposefully, with
possession, private domain, property, proprietorship, knowledge, wittingly
province, right of possession, rightful possession, seisin, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: knowingly and willfully, knowingly
territory permit, knowingly suffer

KINSHIP, noun affiliation, affinity, association, bond, KNOWLEDGE (Awareness), noun acquaintance, apper-
brotherhood, closeness, cognation, connection, consanguin- ception, appreciation, appreciativeness, cognition, cogni-
ity, family, family connection, kindredship, link, propinquity, zance, comprehension, consciousness, discernment, en-
relation, relationship, tie lightenment, familiarity, grasp, information, intellection,
intelligence, ken, know-how, mindfulness, perception, per-
KLEPTOMANIAC, noun criminal, lawbreaker, lifter, of- ceptiveness, percipience, realization, recognition, under-
fender, petty thief, pilferer, pillager, purloiner, stealer, thief, standing
wrongdoer ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: actual knowledge, actual notice, com-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: shoplifting mon knowledge, constructive knowledge, discovery, full
knowledge, guilty knowledge, implied knowledge, im-
KNAVERY, noun artfulness, artifice, beguilement, cheat, puted knowledge, judicial notice, knowledge sufficient to
cheating, chicanery, circumvention, corruption, cozenage, form a belief, scienter
craft, craftiness, criminality, cunning, cunningness, deceit,
deceitfulness, deception, defraudation, deviousness, dishon- KNOWLEDGE (Learning), noun cognitio, command,
esty, double-dealing, dupery, duplicity, foul play, fraud, doctrina, education, enlightenment, erudition, expertise,
fraudulence, fraus, guile, hoax, humbuggery, insincerity, familiarity, familiarization, information, ken, know-how,
knavishness, lack of principle, lack of probity, legerdemain, mastery, proficiency, scholarship, scientia, skill, study,
malfeasance, malitia, nequitia, pettifoggery, rascality, rogu- wisdom
ery, roguishness, scampishness, scoundrelism, shadiness, FOREIGN PHRASES: Idem est scire aut scire debet aut potu-
sharp practice, skulduggery, slyness, treachery, trick, trickery, isse. To be bound to know or to be able to know is the
trickiness, turpitude, underhand dealing, unreliability, untrust- same as to know. Lex neminem cogit ostendere quod
worthiness, villainousness, villainy, wiles, wrongdoing nescire praesumitur. The law compels no one to divulge
that which he is presumed not to know. Scienti et vo-
KNOCK DOWN, verb accost, assault, attack, batter, be lenti non fit injuria. A wrong is not done to a person
reckless in harming a person, beat, besiege, damage, deal a who understands and consents. Ignorantia praesumitur
blow, harm, hit, hurt, inflict harm, inflict injury, injure, shruck off ubi scientia non probatur. Ignorance is presumed
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: assault, battery, dart out case, hit and run where knowledge is not proved. Ignorantia facti.
Ignorance of facts excuses; ignorance of law does not
KNOCK-AND-ANNOUNCE RULE, noun knocking and excuse. Scientia utrimque par pares contrahentes
announcing requirement before entry, requirement that facit. Equal knowledge on both sides makes the con-
police officers announce their presence, requirement that tracting parties equal.
police officers knock prior to entering premises to execute
search
KNOWLEDGEABLE, adjective apperception, cognition,
cognizance, comprehension, discernment, enlightenment,
KNOW, verb absorb, apperceive, appreciate, appre-
familiarity, grasp, intellection, intelligence, ken, know-
hend, assimilate, be apprised of, be informed, cognize,
how, understanding
comprehend, conceive, conclude, conjecture, deduce, di-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: knowledgeable experts
gest, discern, fathom, find, gather, glean, grasp, identify,
infer, internalize, learn, master, perceive, pierce, read, real-
ize, recognize, retain, understand KNOWN (Established), adjective appreciated, ascer-
tained, catch on, celebrated, comprehended, computed,
KNOW-HOW, noun ability, adeptness, adroitness, art- conceived, discerned, disclosed, discovered, established,
fulness, artisanship, artistry, background, brilliance, capabil- familiar, famous, known, noted, notorious, popular, preva-
ity, capableness, capacity, cleverness, command, compe- lent, prominent, prominently known, recognized, revered,
tence, craft, craftsmanship, deftness, dexterity, execution, well-known, well-received
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: earliest known uses, little known laws,
experience, expertise, expertness, faculty, flair, gift, grace,
ingeniousness, ingenuity, intellect, knack, knowledge, mas- nationally known
tery, proficiency, prowess, resourcefulness, savoir faire,
skill, skillfulness, style, tactfulness, talent, technical mastery, KNOWN (Obvious), adjective accepted, acknowl-
technique, touch, workmanship edged, admitted, advertised, aired, clear, come to light,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: specialization in law confessed, declared, disclosed, discovered, established,
evident, exposed, familiar, identified, manifest, obvious,
KNOWING, adjective acquainted, acute, apperceptive, patently known, proclaimed, publicized, published, real-
apprehending, apprised, astute, aware, cognitive, cognizant, ized, recognized, revealed, uncloaked, unconcealed, un-
comprehending, conscious, deliberate, designed, educated, covered, undisguised, unmasked, well-known
heedful, informed, instructed, intended, intentional, knowl-
edgeable, meant, mindful, perceptive, percipient, planned, KUDOS, noun acclaim, acclamation, accolade, ap-
posted, prudens, purposeful, schooled, sciens, taught, un- plause, approbation, approval, commendation, compli-
derstanding, well-informed, well-posted, well-versed ment, congratulation, credit, distinction, endorsement,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: knowing or conscious, knowingly aid, flattery, glory, honor, laudation, magnification, plaudits,
knowingly and willfully, knowingly possess, knowingly popular favor, popularity, praise, prestige, recognition, re-
receive, knowingly suffer or permit nown, tribute

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LABEL, noun brand, cachet, classification, description, engaged, exacting, exertive, exhausting, fatiguing, formida-
docket, emblem, hallmark, identification, identification tag, ble, grueling, heavy, hellacious, Herculean, industrious, inten-
insignia, mark, mark of identification, marker, sign, slip, sive, intricate, involved, murderous, occupied, onerous, op-
stamp, sticker, superscription, tag, ticket pressive, painstaking, relentless, rigorous, rough, rugged,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: disclaimer on a label, misleading la- sedulous, severe, stiff, strenuous, tied-up, tiresome, toilsome,
bels, trademark for a brand on a label, warning on a label tough, troublesome, uphill, vigorous, working

LABEL, verb betoken, brand, call, call by a distinctive LABYRINTH (Complex), noun complexity, complica-
title, characterize, classify, define, demarcate, denominate, tion, confused situation, difficulty, enigma, involvement,
denote, describe, designate, differentiate, distinguish by a intricacy, intricate state, knotty problem, maze, mystery,
mark, docket, earmark, entitle, identify, imprint, indicate, problem, puzzle, riddle, tangle
mark, name, provide with nomenclature, put a mark upon,
set apart, single out, specify, stamp, tag, term, ticket, title LABYRINTH (Winding course), noun circuitous course,
complex course, complexity, complicated arrangement,
LABOR (Exertion), noun discipline, effort, endeavor, complication, convolution, involvement, maze, meander,
energy, enterprise, industry, mental toil, pains, strain, strife meanderings, problem, puzzle, tanglement, tortuousness
course, winding path, windings and turnings
LABOR (Work), noun advocation, assignment, calling,
craft, duty, employ, employment, job, line of business, line LABYRINTHINE, adjective baroque, byzantine, com-
of work, occupation, profession, pursuit, responsibility, plex, complicate, complicated, confusing, convoluted,
task, toil, trade, undertaking, vocation daedal, elaborate, intricate, involute, involved, knotty, so-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: boycotts, closed shop, collective bar- phisticated, tangled
gaining, labor arbitration, labor dispute, labor organization,
labor relations, labor union, lockout, open shop, scope of LACHES, noun delay, delay attended by change of posi-
employment, skilled labor, strikes, terms and conditions of tion, delay that results in disadvantage, dereliction, dereliction
employment, union labor, union shop, wildcat strike, work- of duty, failure of duty, failure to litigate within reasonable
men’s compensation period, improvidence, inattention, inexcusable delay, inexcus-
able delay in assertion of rights, inobservance, lack of dili-
LABOR, verb apply oneself, attend to business, be dili- gence, laggardness, laxity, laxness, laziness, neglect, neglect-
gent, be employed, be industrious, contendere, devote fulness, negligence, nonfeasance, nonperformance, omission,
oneself to, do a job, do work, drudge, endeavor, engage in, prejudicial delay, procrastination, remissness, unconscionable
exercise, exert energy, exert oneself, follow one’s vocation, delay, undue delay, unexcused delay, unexplained delay, un-
laborare, plod, plug away, ply, ply one’s trade, strain, necessary prolongation, unreasonable delay, want of duty
strive, struggle, toil, travail, work, work hard ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: equity, estoppel by laches, statute of
limitations
LABOR UNDER A MISAPPREHENSION, verb be de- FOREIGN PHRASES: Tempus enim modus tollendi obligatio-
ceived, be misguided, be misinformed, be misled, be mis- nes et actiones, quia tempus currit contra desides et sui
taken, blunder, deceive oneself, delude oneself, estimate juris contemptores. For time is a means of dissipating
incorrectly, fail to understand, interpret incorrectly, make a obligations and actions, because time runs against the
mistake, misapprehend, miscalculate, misconstrue, misesti- slothful and careless of their own rights. Vigilantibus et
mate, misinterpret, misjudge, misunderstand, put a false non dormientibus jura subveniunt. The laws relieve the
interpretation to, receive a false impression, receive a vigilant and not those who sleep on their rights.
wrong impression
LACK, verb be bereft of, be deficient, be deprived of,
LABORIOUS, adjective active, arduous, assiduous, be desirous, be destitute, be in need, be in want, be inad-
Augean, backbreaking, brutal, burdensome, bustling, busy, equate, be inferior, be insufficient, be needy, be poor, be
challenging, demanding, difficult, diligent, effortful, employed, wanting, be without, crave, desiderate, desire, fall short,

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feel a dearth, hunger for, long for, miss, need, require, suf- lacking awareness, lacking concern, lax, neglectful, negligent,
fer privation, want, wish for, yearn for not affording protection, not attending to, not consciousness,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: lack of capacity, lack of consideration, not heeding, not looking after, reckless, unattended, uncar-
lack of due care, lack of good faith, lack of intent, lack of ing, unconcerned, unheeding, unmindful, without heed,
jurisdiction, lack of knowledge, lack of mutuality, lack of without prudence, without regard
probable cause, lack of prosecution, lack of trustworthiness ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: manslaughter, negligence

LACK ABILITY, adjective forceless, helpless, ill-quali- LACK OF CERTAINTY, noun ambiguity, ambivalence,
fied, impotent, inadequate, inapt, incapable, ineffective, confusion, contingency, darkness, dimness, doubt, doubt-
ineffectual, inept, inferior, not able, not equal to, not up to fulness, dubiousness, equivocation, hesitancy, hesitation,
the task, outgunned, outmanned, outmatched, powerless, incertitude, indecision, indefiniteness, indetermination, ir-
unable, unequipped, unfit, unqualified, unsuitable, untal- resolution, perplexity, precariousness, quandary, reluc-
ented tance, undependability, unpredictability, unreliability, un-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: capacity, lack of legal ability to act steadiness, vacillation, wavering

LACK AGREEMENT, adjective at an impasse, at cross LACK OF CONTROL, adjective disobedient, disorderly,
purposes, contrary, discord, discordance, disharmonious, fractious, frenzied, headstrong, hysterical, impetuous, incor-
disputing, dissenting, failed to agree, far apart, feuding, rigible, indocile, insubordinate, insuppressible, insurgent,
fixed, holding divergent opinions, intransigent, not arriving irrepressible, lawless, obstreperous, out of control, recalci-
at a consensus, not gaining conformity, unable to reach a trant, refractory, riotous, tempestuous, uncontrollable, un-
resolution, warring governable, unmanageable, unruly, untoward, violent, wild
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: meeting of the minds, spirit of an
agreement LACK OF PERSONAL JURISDICTION, noun bereft of
authority, deficient personal jurisdiction, inadequate personal
LACK CONFIDENCE IN, noun doubtful thoughts, jurisdiction, insufficient personal jurisdiction, lack of authority
doubting feelings, equivocal feelings, hesitancy, hold a du- to hear and decide a case, lack of capacity to decide the mat-
bious belief, insecurity, lack assurance, lack certitude, lack ter in issue, lack of capacity to hear the controversy, lack of
faith, lack sureness, lack trust, problematic, skeptical conclu- decision-making power over the case, lack of legal authority,
sion, suspiciousness, tentativeness, uncertain of, uncer- lack of legal power to decide a case, lack of purview, want of
tainty, unconvinced of the outcome, undecided in ascertain- personal jurisdiction, without personal jurisdiction
ing the results, unsettledness, unsure of feelings, wavering
in a determination LACK OF SUBJECT MATTER, noun bereft of authority,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: confidentiality, encryption deficient subject matter jurisdiction, inadequate subject matter
jurisdiction, insufficient subject matter jurisdiction, lack of au-
LACK CONVICTION, adjective considering, have no thority to hear and decide a case, lack of capacity to decide the
opinion, have no view, hold no belief, lack assurance, lack matter in issue, lack of capacity to hear the controversy, lack
belief, lack certainty, lack certitude, lack faith, lack of direc- of decision-making power over the case, lack of legal author-
tion, mulling it over, not convinced, not resolute, not sold ity, lack of legal power to decide a case, lack of purview, want
on, pondering, unable to persuade, undecided of subject matter jurisdiction, without subject matter jurisdic-
tion
LACK HONESTY, adjective beguiling, bogus, cheating,
conscienceless, corrupt, deceitful, deceiving, deceptive, LACKLUSTER, adjective acceptable, adequate, all right,
devoid of honesty, dishonorable, disingenuous, faked, falla- average, common, decent, fair, fine, indifferent, mediocre,
cious, false, false-hearted, fraudulent, guileful, immoral, in- medium, middling, moderate, modest, ordinary, passable,
iquitous, insidious, insincere, lying, meretricious, nefarious, run-of-the-mill, second-class, second-rate, sufficient, suffic-
not honest, perfidious, shameless, treacherous, unauthen- ing, unexceptional, unimpressive
tic, underhanded, unethical, unprincipled, unscrupulous,
untrustworthy, untruthful, void of truth, without probity LACONIC, adjective abbreviated, abridged, adstrictus,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: lack of civility and honesty brevis, brief, brusque, closemouthed, compendious, com-
pressed, concise, condensed, contracted, curt, economical
LACK OF AWARENESS, adjective blinded, heedless, of words, epigrammatic, exact, mum, pauciloquent, pithy,
ignorant, inattentive, incognizant, not heeding, off guard, pointed, precise, quiet, reserved, reticent, secretive, sen-
surprised, unadvised, unapprised, unconscious, undiscern- tentious, short, sparing of words, succinct, summarized,
ing, unenlightened, unfamiliar with, uninformed, unknow- taciturn, telegraphic, terse, to the point, uncommunicative,
ing, unmindful, unprepared, unsuspecting, unwarned, ungarrulous, unloquacious, untalkative
without any notice
LAG, verb dally, dawdle, decelerate, decrease, delay,
LACK OF CAPACITY, noun disease, impotence, inade- diminish in pace, ebb, fail, fall back, fall behind, get behind,
quacy, inaptitude, incapability, incapacity, incompetence, go leisurely, hold back, idle, lag behind, linger, lose
ineffectiveness, ineffectuality, ineffectualness, inefficacious- strength, move slowly, procrastinate, put off, saunter, slow
ness, ineptitude, insanity, insufficiency, mental defect, up, take one's time, trail, wane
mental disease, mental disorder, mental effeteness, men- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: implementation date
tally incapacitated, powerlessness
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: ability to stand trial, incapacity, intent LAISSEZ FAIRE, noun abstinence from action, hands-off
policy, nonhampering, noninfringement, noninterference,
LACK OF CARE, adjective careless, casual, cavalier, dis- nonintermeddling, noninterruption, nonintervention, non-
regardful, flippant, forgetful, heedless, inadvertence, inatten- intrusion, nontampering, refraining from involvement,
tion, inattentive, inconsiderate, indifferent, lackadaisical, refusal to become involved

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LAMENT, verb bemoan, bewail, commiserate, feel con- fee, property holder, property owner, proprietor, real prop-
cern for, feel emotions for, feel for, feel remorse for, feel erty holder, real property owner, titleholder
sensitive to, fret, grieve, grieve for, mourn, mourn for, pine, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: landowner’s liability
pity, regret, sympathize
LANDSLIDE (Avalanche), noun accident, adversity, af-
LAMENTABLE, adjective awful, comfortless, deplorable, fliction, bad luck, calamity, casualty, catastrophe, devasta-
depressing, depressive, disheartening, dismal, distressful, tion, disaster, emergency, hardship, infliction, misery, mis-
distressing, doleful, dreadful, flebilis, grave, grievous, horri- fortune, ravage, tragedy, trouble
ble, horrid, joyless, lamentabilis, low, lugubrious, melan- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: catastrophe insurance
choly, miserable, mournful, painful, pathetic, piteous, pitiable,
pitiful, poor, regrettable, rueful, sad, saddening, sorrowful, LANDSLIDE (Overwhelming support), noun conclusive,
sorry, terrible, tragic, uncomfortable, unfavorable, unfortu- decisive, large, lopsided, many, overwhelming
nate, unhappy, woeful, wretched ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: landslide political victory

LANCINATE, verb break through, cleave, cut, cut into, LANGUAGE, noun communication, composition, dia-
discerp, divide, empierce, fractionalize, fragment, gash, lect, expression, faculty of speech, folk speech, form of
gore, impale, incise, knife, lacerate, lance, make an incision, expression, formulation, idiom, jargon, lingua, linguistics,
penetrate, perforate, pierce, prick, puncture, rend, rip, rive, means of communication, oral, oratio, parlance, phrasing,
slash, slit, stab, stick, sunder, tear, transpierce phraseology, rhetoric, sermo, speech, spoken expression,
spoken word, talk, terminology, tongue, verbal intercourse,
LAND, noun property, real estate, seisin, terrain, tract verbiage, vernacular, vocabulary, wordage, wording, writ-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: abutting land, adjacent land, agree- ten expression, written word
ment to sell land, alienation of land, appurtenance to ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: abusive language, ambiguous lan-
land, common lands, condemnation of land, contiguous guage, obscene language, precatory language
land, contract of sale of land, convey an interest in land,
covenants running with the land, easement, easement LANGUID, adjective adynamic, anemic, apathetic,
running with the land, equitable interest in land, high apathetical, asthenic, drooping, dry, dull, empty, exani-
land, improvements upon land, interest in land, land mate, exhausted, faint, fatigued, feeble, flagging, hebetu-
contract, land grant, land tax, lease of land, lien on land, dinous, impotent, inactive, indifferent, ineffective, inert,
raw land, right of way, subdivision of land, suit to recover lackadaisical, languens, languorous, lassus, leaden, lethar-
land, survey of land, title in land, title in fee, trespass on gic, lethargical, lifeless, limp, listless, lukewarm, lustless,
land tract, undivided land, unimproved land, vacant land, lymphatic, passionless, passive, phlegmatic, phlegmatical,
wastelands pithless, pluckless, powerless, prosaic, remissus, sapless,
sickly, sinewless, slack, slow, sluggish, spunkless, stag-
LANDHOLDER, noun estate owner, freeholder, holder nant, stale, strengthless, supine, tired, torpid, unagressive,
of legal title, landlord, landowner, leaseholder, one who unanimated, unimpassioned, uninspired, uninterested,
has land, owner of an estate in land, owner of the fee, unrefreshed, unrestored, unspirited, unstrengthened,
owner of the fee simple absolute, property holder, prop- vapid, wan, weak, without animation, without force, with-
erty owner, proprietor, real property holder, real property out spirit
owner, titleholder
LANGUISH, verb ail, become disheartened, become ill,
LANDLOCKED, adjective buried, completely sur- become weak, collapse, decay, decline, despair, despond,
rounded, confined, contained, embedded, encased, en- deteriorate, droop, drop, ebb, fade, fail, fail in health, fall ill, fall
compassed, hemmed in, implanted, locked in, wedged in sick, flag, fret, go into a decline, grieve, grow weak, lament,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: easements, egress, landlocked states languere, languescere, live under unfavorable conditions, lose
heart, lose spirit, lose strength, pine, pine away, repine, sag,
LANDLORD, noun agrorum possessor, lessor, owner of sicken, sink, slump, stagnate, succumb, suffer, tabescere, veg-
an estate in land, owner of lands, owner of tenements, etate, waste away, weaken, wear away, wilt, wither
propietory owner, proprietor
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: ejectment proceeding, landlord’s lien LANGUOR, noun apathy, debility, drowsiness, dullness,
emasculation, enervation, fatigue, feebleness, heaviness, heb-
LANDMARK (Conspicuous object), noun boundary etude, helplessness, idleness, immobility, impotence, inac-
marker, cairn, cynosure, direction post, familiar object, tion, inactivity, indifference, indolence, inertness, inexcitabil-
guidepost, lapis, marker, monument, prominent object, ity, lack of strength, languor, lassitude, laziness, lethargy,
signpost, waymark lifelessness, listlessness, oscitancy, passivity, phlegm, quies-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: preservation of landmarks cence, sloth, slow motion, slow pace, slowness, sluggishness,
somnolence, somnolency, stagnation, supineness, tiredness,
LANDMARK (Significant change), noun cardinal point, torpidity, torpidness, torpor, vegetation, weakness, weariness
critical happening, critical juncture, critical occasion, crucial
point, decisive turn, event, high point, key point, material LANGUOROUS, adjective apathetic, careless, dull, en-
point, milestone, moment of change, salient point, signifi- ervated, exhausted, feeble, frail, heedless, impassive, inac-
cant event, significant occurrence tive, indifferent, indolent, inert, lackadaisical, languid, lan-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: landmark decision guishing, lazy, lethargic, limp, passive, phlegmatic, slothful,
sluggish, spiritless, stolid, tired, torpid, weak, weary
LANDOWNER, noun agrorum possessor, estate owner,
freeholder, holder of legal title, landed proprietor, land- LAPSE (Break), noun fuga, hiatus, interlude, interrup-
holder, landlord, owner of an estate in land, owner of land, tion, lull, pause, recess
owner of real estate, owner of real property, owner of the ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: devise, lapsed, legacy

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LAPSE (Expiration), noun decline, default, delinquency, charity, congiarium, free giving, freehandedness, freeness,
dereliction, error, error, expiry, failure, inconstancy, lapsus, generosity, generousness, graciousness, help, helpfulness,
misdeed, misstep, mistake, negligence, peccatum, recre- hospitableness, hospitality, indulgence, kindliness, kind-
ancy, regression, relapse, retrogradation, retrogression, ness, largitio, lavishment, lavishness, liberality, liberalness,
reversion, secession, shortcoming, slip, termination magnanimity, magnanimousness, munificence, openhand-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: lapsed bequest, lapsed devise, lapsed edness, philanthropy, prodigality, readiness to give, self-
legacy, lapsed license, lapsed policy lessness, thoughtfulness, unselfishness

LAPSE (Cease), verb abate, become forfeit, become LARGESS (Gift), noun alms, assistance, award, benefac-
void, come to an end, complete, conclude, discontinue, tion, benefit, bestowment, bonus, boon, bounty, charity,
end, expire, pass to another, relinquish, reverti, run out, contribution, dole, donation, donative, dotation, endowment,
stop, terminate favor, grant, gratuity, handout, handsel, help, offering, pres-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Accusator post rationabile tempus non ent, presentation, presentment, vail, voluntary conveyance
est audiendus, nisi se bene de omissione excusaverit.
An accuser ought not to be heard after the lapse of a rea- LASCIVIOUS, adjective bawdy, carnal, coarse, concu-
sonable time, unless he can account satisfactorily for his piscent, corrupt, debauched, depraved, dissipated, disso-
delay. lute, erotic, fleshly, goatish, immodest, immoral, improper,
impurus, indecent, lascivus, lecherous, lewd, libertine, li-
LAPSE (Fall into error), verb be at fault, commit an error, bidinosus, libidinous, lickerish, lubric, lubricous, lustful, ob-
deviate from the proper path, deviate from virtue, do scene, Paphian, pornographic, promiscuous, prurient, rib-
wrong, err, errare, fail, fall from grace, go astray, go awry, ald, salacious, satyric, satyrical, sensuous, sex-ridden,
misbehave, misstep, peccare, slip, slip from virtue, stray, shameless, unblushing, unchaste, unregenerate, wanton
transgress, trespass, weaken ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: indecent and lascivious, lewd and las-
civious cohabitation, obscenity
LAPSE IN JUDGMENT, noun be at fault, commit an error,
deviation from the proper path, deviation from virtue, error, LASH (Attack verbally), verb admonish, animadvert
failure to act properly, fated moment, gone astray, gone upon, assail, berate, betongue, blackguard, cast reproach
awry, improper action, improper decision, improper judg- upon, castigate, chastise, chide, criticize severely, decry,
ment, misbehavior, misstep, negligent determination, neg- excoriate, exprobrate, flay, fulminate against, impugn,
ligent interval, slip, transgression, wrong decision, wrong increpate, inveigh, objurgate, rave against, rebuke, repre-
evaluation, wrongdoing hend, reprimand, reproach, reprove, revile, scarify, scathe,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: negligence, reckless slate, take to task, upbraid, vilify, vilipend, vituperate

LAPSE IN TIME, noun loss of age, loss of chronology, LASH (Strike), verb bastinado, batter, beat, birch, bruise,
loss of computation of time, loss of duration, loss of end of cudgel, deal a blow to, deal a stroke, drub, flagellare, flagel-
the matter, loss of era, loss of interim, loss of interlude, loss late, flay, flog, fustigate, give a beating, give a thrashing, hit,
of interval, loss of period, loss of tenure, loss of term larrup, maul, pelt, pound, pummel, scourge, slap, smite,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: latches switch, thrash, trounce, truncheon, whack

LARCENOUS, adjective brigandish, burglarious, crimi- LAST (Final), adjective aftermost, climactic, climactical,
nal, dishonest, felonious, fraudulent, lawbreaking, piratic, closing, completive, completory, concluding, conclusive,
piratical, plundering, plunderous, predaceous, predatory, conclusory, crowning, decisive, definitive, determinative,
privateering, rapacious, ravaging, thieving, thievish end, ending, endmost, extreme, farthest, final, finishing,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: larcenous intent furthest, hindermost, hindmost, outermost, permanent, rear,
terminal, terminating, terminational, terminative, ultimate
LARCENY, noun abstraction, appropriation, brigandage, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: last clear chance, last known address,
embezzlement, felonious stealing, fraudulent taking, furtum, last residence, last will and testament
misappropriation, peculation, pickpocketing, pilferage, rapac-
ity, rapine, swindle, swindling, theft, thievery, unlawful acqui- LAST (Preceding), adjective above, above-cited, above-
sition, unlawful conversion, unlawful taking, wrongful taking mentioned, above-named, above-stated, aforegoing,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: compound larceny, conversion, em- aforementioned, aforesaid, antecedens, antecedent, ante-
bezzlement, fraud, grand larceny, larceny by device, lar- rior, before mentioned, earlier, fore, foregoing, former,
ceny by false pretenses, larceny by fraud, larceny by trick, freshest, introductory, most recent, newest, past, prece-
petit larceny, receiving stolen goods, simple larceny dent, precursory, prefatory, preliminary, preludial, preludi-
ous, prelusive, prelusory, previous, prior
LARGE, adjective abundant, all-embracing, all-inclu-
sive, big, broad, capacious, colossal, comprehensive, con- LAST, verb be long-lived, be stable, be timeless, be
siderable, endless, enlarged, enormous, excessive, exhaus- unconsumed, be unexhausted, bide, carry on, continue,
tive, expansive, extensive, gargantuan, giant, giant-size, durare, endure, exist, hang on, hold on, hold out, hold up,
grand, great, great big, huge, immeasurable, immense, in- keep up, linger, live on, outlive, perdure, permanere, per-
finite, king-size, lavish, limitless, lofty, massive, monstrous, severe, persist, prevail, prolong, protract, remain, stand
of great scope, oversized, sizable, substantial, tremendous, firm, stay, stay on, subsist, survive, sustain, wait, withstand
unbounded, unlimited, vast, wide-ranging, wide-reaching
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: large law firms LASTING, adjective abiding, continuing, enduring, lin-
gering, maintained, perpetuated, perseverant, persistent,
LARGESS (Generosity), noun aid, almsgiving, altruism, persisting, preserved, remaining, standing, staying,
assistance, benefaction, beneficence, benignancy, benig- surviving, sustained, undestroyed, uneradicated, unerased,
nity, bounteousness, bountifulness, bounty, charitableness, unfailing, unremoved, unrepealed

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LATE (Defunct), adjective dead, deceased, demised, LAUGH AT, verb abase, be amused by, belittle, bully,
demortuus, departed, erstwhile, former, once, one-time, burn, caricature, chaff, corn, debase, decry, degrade, de-
passed on, perished, previous, then mean, denigrate, deride, discredit, gibe, harass, harry, has-
sle, heckle, humiliate, jibe, jive, josh, kid, lampoon, mock,
LATE (Tardy), adjective after time, behind time, be- needle, parody, pester, pillory, put down, rag, razz, rib, ride,
lated, deferred, delayed, detained, held up, lagging, mora- roast, satirize, shoot down, skewer, smirch, sneer, spoof,
tory, overdue, past due, postponed, retarded, slow, un- target, taunt, tease
punctual, unready
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: late filing LAUNCH (Initiate), verb activate, begin, embark, estab-
lish, found, generate, handsel, inaugurate, induce, institute,
LATENCY, noun behind the scenes, below the surface, introduce, lay the foundations, make active, open, origi-
camouflaged, concealed, covered, hidden from view, not nate, put in motion, set going, set in motion, start, take the
manifested, screened, submerged, unapparent, under the first step, take the lead, touch off, trigger, undertake
surface, underlying, undetected, undeveloped, undiscov-
ered, unexposed, unnoticed, unrevealed, unseen, unsus- LAUNCH (Project), verb cast, catapult, contorquere, eject,
pected, veiled fling, heave, hurl, immittere, impel forward, jaculate, lance,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: toll the statute of limitations pitch, precipitate, propel, push, send flying, send forth, send
headlong, send off, set in motion, shoot, throw, thrust, toss
LATENT, adjective abditus, absconditus, arcane, behind
the scenes, below the surface, camouflaged, concealed, LAUNCH AN INQUIRY, verb conduct an investigation
covered, covert, delitescent, hidden from view, impercep- into, delve into, dig into, examinate, explore, fact-find, go
tible, indiscernible, occultus, screened, submerged, unappar- into, inquire, investigate, look into, nose into, probe, pry into,
ent, under the surface, underlying, undetected, undevel- scrutinize, search, search for information, search into
oped, undiscovered, unexposed, unmanifested, unnoticed, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: launch a public inquiry, launch an inde-
unrevealed, unseen, unspied, unsuspected, veiled pendent inquiry
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: latent ambiguity, latent danger, latent
defect, latent injury, latent liability LAVISH (Opulent), adjective abounding, abundant, af-
fluent, ample, bounteous, bountiful, copious, costly, effu-
LATER, adverb after, after a time, after a while, after that, sive, excess, extravagant, generous, immoderate, inordi-
afterwards, at a future time, at a later date, at a later point in nate, liberal, luxuriant, munificent, open-handed, opulent,
time, at a subsequent time, at some point in the future, overabundant, overflowing, overlavish, overluxuriant, over-
before long, before too long, imminently, in days to come, sufficient, plenteous, plentiful, profuse, rich, sumptuous,
in the aftermath, in the course of time, in the future, in the superabundant
immediate future, in the sequel, later on, next, sequentially,
subsequently, succeeding, successively, then, tomorrow LAVISH (Wasteful), adjective extravagant, immoderate,
improvident, intemperate, overflowing, overlavish, over-
LATEST, adjective current, final, just completed, just luxuriant, oversufficient, squandering, thriftless, unthrifty
done, just finished, last, most current, most recent, newest,
recent, up-to-date, up-to-the-minute LAVISH, verb being generous, being extravagant, be
liberal, bestow, be thriftless, be wasteful, carry to excess,
LATITUDE, noun absence of restraint, accommodation, furnish, luxuriate, pour on, spare no expense, spend, spend
amplitude, autonomy, carte blanche, choice, discretion, freely, spend recklessly, squander
ease of movement, exemption from control, expanse, ex-
pansion, extension, field, free course, free decision, free LAW, noun act, article, body of rules, canon, charter,
hand, free play, free thought, free will, freedom, freedom code, command, decree, decree absolute, dictum, enact-
of action, full play, independence, indiscipline, largeness, ment, established rule, expressed command, fiat, firm prin-
leverage, liberalism, libertas, liberty, license, licentia, ma- ciple, instruction, ius, jurisprudence, legal code, lex, mandate,
neuverability, margin, noninterference, nonintervention, maxim, norm, order, ordinance, precedent, precept, pre-
openness, opportunity, option, play, power of choice, scribed form, prescription, principle, pronouncement, regula,
power to choose, range, range of choice, right of choice, regulation, rescript, rubric, rule, rule of conduct, set of rules,
room, scope, space, unconstraint, uninhibitedness, unre- settled principle, standard, standing order, statute, tenet
straint, unstrictness, will ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: action at law, adequate remedy at law,
adjective law, administrative law, allowed by law, amendatory
LAUD, verb accredit, acknowledge, adulate, applaud, law, antitrust laws, application of the law, appropriation law,
cheer, commend, crack up, deify, extol, flatter, glorify, hail, arising under laws of the united states, at law and in equity,
honor, idolize, laud, magnify, overpraise, praise, recognize, attorney-at-law, authorized by law, aviation law, bankruptcy
recommend, salute law, blue sky law, breach of the law, by operation of law,
change in the law, civil law, civil rights law, civil service law,
LAUDABLE, adjective admirable, approvable, com- color of law, color of state law, commercial law, common law,
mendable, creditable, deserving, estimable, excellent, ex- common-law marriage, common-law trust, compliance with
emplary, hallowed, laudabilis, laudatus, laude dignus, laws, conclusion of law, constitutional law, contrary to law,
matchless, meritorious, model, noble, peerless, praisewor- controversy arising under the laws of the United States, corpo-
thy, saintly, sterling, uncensurable, unimpeachable, virtu- rate law, court of law, criminal law, declare the law, domestic
ous, worthwhile, worthy, worthy of estimation relations law, due process of law, duties and liabilities im-
posed by law, election law, enjoined by law, entertainment
LAUDATION, noun benediction, blessing, doxology, law, environmental law, equal protection of the law, error of
encomium, eulogy, exaltation, glorification, honor, idolatry, law, established by law, ex post facto, executed in accordance
invocation, magnification, praise with law, existing laws, federal law, fixed by law, foreign laws,

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fundamental law, general law, governed by law, homestead the reason can be alleged, but it must be true and lawful and
law, ignorance of law, implied by law, inconsistent with law, not merely apparent. Non in legendo sed in intelligendo
instructions on the law, insufficient in law, insurance law, inter- legis consistunt. The laws consist not in being read, but in
national law, issue of law, judgment founded upon a matter of being understood. Lex semper intendit quod convenit
law, knowledge of the law, labor law, law and equity, law rationi. The law always intends what is agreeable to reason.
enforcement, law of the case, law of the land, limited by law, Lex spectat naturae ordinem. The law regards the order
local law, maritime law, martial law, matter of law, military of nature. Lex succurrit ignoranti. The laws assist the igno-
law, mistake of law, municipal law, natural heirs at law, not in rant. Lex succurrit minoribus. The law assists minors.
accordance with law, obligation imposed by law, omnibus Melius est jus deficiens quam jus incertum. A deficient
law, operation of law, ordinary course of law, organic law, law is better than an uncertain one. Multa in jure communi
patent and trademark law, penal law, practice of law, preexist- contra rationem disputandi, procommuni utilitate in-
ing law, prescribed by law, presumption of law, procedural troducta sunt. Many things have been introduced into the
law, process of law, prospective law, provided by law, pro- common law which are contrary to the public good, which
vided by state law, question of law, question of local law, are inconsistent with sound reason. Non exemplis sed
question of state law, real estate law, regulated by law, rem- legibus judicandum est. Judgment should not be rendered
edy at law, securities law, session laws, special law, specially from examples, but by the law. Id possumus quod de jure
prescribed by law, specific law, standing laws, state law, sub- possumus. We may do only that which we are able to do
stantive law, sufficient as a matter of law, suits at law, supreme lawfully. Idem est non probari et non esse; non deficit
law, surrender by operation of law, tax law, terminate by jus, sed probatio. What is not proved and what is not are
limitation of law, under color of law, unemployment compen- the same; it is not a defect of the law, but a want of proof.
sation law, uniform operation of laws, unwritten law, without Jus civile et quod sibi populus constituit. The civil law is
due process of law that law which the people establish for themselves. Lex
FOREIGN PHRASES: Ubi lex est specialis, et ratio ejus genera- prospicit, non respicit. The law looks forward, not back-
lis, generaliter accipienda est. Where the law is special, ward. Lex rejicit superflua, pugnantia, incongrua. The
and the reason of it general, it ought to be construed gener- law rejects those matters which are superfluous, repugnant,
ally. Praxis judicum est interpres legum. The practice of or incongruous. Lex semper dabit remedium. The law al-
the judges is the interpreter of the laws. Lex nemini opera- ways furnishes a remedy. Contra legem facit qui id facit
tur iniquum, nemini facit injuriam. The law never works quod lex prohibit; in fraudem vero qui, salvis verbis
an injury, or does a wrong. Lex est norma recti. Law is the legis, sententiam ejus circumvenit. He who does what
rule of right. Lex est sanctio sancta, jubens honesta, et the law prohibits, acts in fraud of the law; the letter of the
prohibens contraria. Law is a sacred santion, command- law being inviolate, cheats the spirit of it. Les fictions nais-
ing that which is right, and prohibiting the contrary. Lex est sent de la loi, et non la loi des fictions. Fictions arise from
tutissima cassis; sub clypeo legis nemo decipitur. Law is the law, and not law from fictions. Legem enim contractus
the safest helmet; under the shield of the law no one is de- dat. The contract makes the law. Ubi non est directa lex,
ceived. Lex fingit ubi subsistit aequitas. The laws feigns standum est arbitrio judicis, vel procedendum ad si-
where equity subsists. Lex intendit vicinum vicini facta milia. Where there is no direct law, the decision of the
scire. The law presumes that one neighbor is cognizant of judge is to be taken, or references to be made to similar
the acts of his neighbor. Non est certandum de regulis cases. Consuetudo ex certa causa rationabili usitata
juris. There is no disputing about rules of the law. Receditur privatcommunem legem. A custom, based on a certain
a placitis juris, potius quam injuriae et delictamaneant and reasonable cause, supersedes the common law. Jus
impunita. In order that crimes not go unpunished, the law vendit quod usus approbavit. The law recommends what
will be departed from. Res est misera ubi jus est vagum et use or custom has approved. La ley favour la vie d’un
incertum. It is a sorry state of affairs when law is vague and homme. The law favors human life. Actus legis nemini est
mutable. Salus populi est suprema lex. The welfare of the damnosus. The act of the law shall prejudice no one.
people is the supreme object of the law. Si a jure discedas, Matter en ley ne serra mise in bouche del jurors. A mat-
vagus eris, et erunt omniaomnibus incerta. If you depart ter of law shall not be put into the mouth of jurors. Equitas
from the law, you will go astray, and everything will be in a sequitur legem. Equity follows the law. Non obligat lex
state of uncertainty to everyone. Ubi lex non distinguit, nisi promulgata. A law is not obligatory unless it is pro-
nec nos distinguere debemus. Where the law does not mulgated. Lex respicit aequitatem. The law regards eq-
distinguish, we ought not to distinguish. Ubi non est lex, uity. Ignorantia juris non excusat. Ignorance of the law is
ibi non est transgressio, quo ad mundum. Where there is no excuse. Executio juris non habet injuriam. The execu-
no law, there is no transgression, so far as worldly concerns tion of law does no injury. Ignorantia excusatur, non juris
and matters. Firmior et potentior est operatio legis quam sed facti. Ignorance of fact may excuse, but not ignorance
dispositio hominis. The operation of the law is more firm of law. Scire leges non hoc est verba earum tenere, sed
and more powerful than the will of man. Non jus ex regula, vim ac potestatem. To know the laws is not to observe
sed regula ex jure. The law does not arise from the rule, but their words alone, but their force and power. Perpetua lex
the rule comes from the law. Non verbis sed ipsis rebus, est nullam legem humanam ab positivam perpetua-
leges imponimus. We do not impose laws upon words, messe, et clausula quae abrogationem excludit ab initio
but upon the things themselves. Quando abest provisio non valet. It is a perpetual law that no human and positive
partis, adest provisio legis. When a provision of the party law can be perpetual, and a clause in a law which precludes
is lacking, the provision of the law supplies it. Quod natu- the power of abrogationor repeal is void from the begin-
ralis ratio inter omnes homines constituit, vocatur jus ning. Experientia per varios actus legem facit. magistra
gentium. The rule which natural reason has established rerum experientia. Experience by various acts makes law.
among all men is called the law of nations. Ratio est legis Experience is the mistress of things. Nemo jus sibi dicere
anima; mutata legis ratione mutatur et lex. Reason is the potest. No one can declare the law for himself. Lex aequi-
soul of law; the reason of law being changed, the law is also tate gaudet; appetit perfectum; est norma recti. The law
changed. Ratio potest allegari deficiente lege; sed ratio delights in equity; it grasps at perfection; it is a rule of right.
vera et legaliset non apparens. Where the law is deficient, In fictione juris semper aequitas existit. In a fiction of

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law, equity is always present. Optima est lex quae mini- press agreement of parties overcomes the law. Quamvis
mum relinquit arbitrio judicis; optimus judex qui mini- lex generaliter loquitur, restringenda tamen est, ut, ces-
mum sibi. That is the best system of law which leaves the sante ratione, ipsa cessat. Although a law speaks gener-
least to the discretion of the judge; that judge is the best ally, yet it is to be restrained, so that when its reason fails, it
who leaves the least to his own discretion. Jus quo univer- should cease also. Processus legis est gravis vexatio, ex-
sitates utuntur est idem quod habent privati. The law ecutio legis coronat opus. The process of the law is a
which governs corporations is the same as that which gov- grave vexation; the execution of the law crowns the work.
erns individuals. Ignorantia facti excusat, ignorantia Ubi eadem ratio, ibi idem jus; et de similibus idem est
juris non excusat. Ignorance of fact excuses; ignorance of judicium. Where there is the same reason, there is the
the law does not excuse. Regula est, juris quidem igno- same law; and where there are similar situations, the judg-
rantiam cuique nocere, facti vero ignorantiam non no- ment is the same. Lex nil frustra facit. The law does noth-
cere. The rule is that a person’s ignorance of the law may ing in vain. Lex non deficit in justitia exhibenda. The law
prejudice him, but that his ignorance of fact will not. Per does not fail in dispensing justice. Lex plus laudatur
varios actus legem experientia facit. By various acts ex- quando ratione probatur. The law is most praiseworthy
perience makes the law. Juris affectus in executione when it is consistent with reason. Ubi lex aliquem cogit
consistit. The effectiveness of a law lies in its execution. ostendere causam, necesse est quod causa sit justa et
Cessante ratione legis, cessat et ipsa lex. Where the rea- legitima. Where the law compels a man to show cause, it
son for a law ceases, the law itself also ceases. Fortior et is necessary that the cause be just and legal. Ita semper fiat
potentior est dispositio legis quam hominis. The disposi- relatio ut valeat dispositio. Let the interpretation be so
tion of the law has greater force and stronger effect than made that the disposition stands. Judex est lex loquens.
that of man. Lex non curat de minimis. The law does not The judge is the law speaking; that is, he is the mouthpiece
regard small matters. Hominum causa jus constitutum of the law. Natura appetit perfectum; ita et lex. Nature
est. Law is established for the benefit of mankind. Judicis seeks perfection, and so does the law. A verbis legis non
est jus dicere, non dare. It is the duty of a judge to declare est recedendum. The words of the law must not be de-
the law, not to make it. Lex est dictamen rationis. Law is parted from. Apices juris non sunt jura. Legal niceties are
the dictate of reason. Lex est ratio summa, quae jubet not law. Communis error facit jus. A common error
quae sunt utilia et necessaria et contraria prohibet. That makes law. Casus omissus et oblivioni datus dispositioni
which is law is the consummation of reason, which com- communis juris relinquitur. A case omitted and forgotten
mands those things useful and necessary while prohibiting is left to the disposal of the common law. Contemporanea
the contrary. Nemo est supra leges. No one is above the expositio est optima et fortissima in lege.
law. Ubi jus incertum, ibi jus nullum. Where the law is Contemporaneous exposition is the best and most powerful
uncertain, there is no law. Lex neminem cogit ad vana seu in the law. Neque leges neque senatus consulta ita scribi
inutilia peragenda. The law compels no one to do futile or possunt ut omnis casus qui quandoque in sediriunt
useless things. Ex facto jus oritur. Law arises out of facts. comprehendatur; sed sufficit ea quae plaerumque acc-
Ad quaestionem facti non respondent judicis; ad quaes- idunt contineri. Neither laws nor acts of a legislature can
tionem juris non respondent juratores. Judges do not be so written as to include all actual or possible cases; it is
answer to a question of fact; jurors do not answer to a ques- sufficient if they provide for those things which frequently or
tion of law. Constructio legis non facit injuriam. A law ordinarily may happen. Jura eodem modo destituuntur
properly interpreted creates no wrong. Argumentum ab quo constituuntur. Laws are abrogated by the same means
inconvenienti est validum in lege, quia lex non permittit by which they are enacted. Jura naturae sunt immutabi-
aliquod inconveniens. An argument drawn from what is lia. The laws of nature are unchangeable. Leges humanae
inconvenient is good in law, because the law will not permit nascuntur, vivunt, et moriuntur. Human laws are born,
any inconvenience. Injustum est, nisi tota lege inspecta, live, and die. Legibus sumptis desinentibus, lege naturae
de una aliqua ejus particula proposita judicare vel re- utendum est. When laws imposed by the state fail, the laws
spondere. It is unjust to give judgment or advice concern- of nature must be invoked. Tortura legum pessima. The
ing any particular clause of a law without having examined torture or wresting of laws is the worst kind of torture.
the whole law. Cuilibet licet juri pro se introducto renun- Leges suum ligent latorem. Laws should bind their own
ciare. Any one may waive or renounce the benefit of a proposer. Jus constitui oportet in his quae ut plurimum
principle or rule of law that exists only for his protection. accidunt non quae ex inopinato. Laws ought to be made
Ignorantia legis neminem excusat. Ignorance of law ex- with a view to those cases which occur most frequently and
cuses no one. Ipsae leges cupiunt ut jure regantur. The not to those which are of rare or accidental occurrence.
laws themselves are desirous of being governed by what is Nova constitutio futuris formam imponere debet, non
right. Exempla illustrant non restringunt legem. praeteritis. A new law ought to affect the future, not what
Examples illustrate but do not restrain the law. Obedientia is past. Ad ea quae frequentius accidunt jura adaptan-
est legis essentia. Obedience is the essence of the law. tur. Laws are adapted to those cases which most commonly
Consuetudo est altera lex. Custom is another law. occur. Inde datae leges ne fortior omnia posset. Laws
Consuetudo vincit communem legem. Custom overrules were made lest the stronger might become all-powerful. Ex
common law. Consuetudo praescripta et legitima vincit malis moribus bonae leges natae sunt. Good laws arise
legem. A prescriptive and legitimate custom prevails over from evil morals. Quando lex est specialis, ratio autem
the law. Consuetudo et communis assue tudo vincit generalis, generaliter lex est intelligenda. When a law is
legem non scriptam, si sitspecialis; et interpretatur special, but its reason general, the law is to be understood
legem scriptam, si lex sit generalis. Custom and common generally. Intentio inservire debet legibus, non legesin-
usage override the unwritten law, if it be special; and inter- tentioni. The intention ought to be subservient to the laws,
pret the written law, if the law be general. Consuetudo est not the laws to intentions. Legislatorum est viva vox,
optimus interpres legum. Custom is the best interpreter of rebus etnon verbis, legem imponere. The voice of the
the laws. Conventio privatorum non potest publico juri legislators is the living voice, to impose laws upon things,
derogare. The agreement of private persons cannot dero- and not on words. Optimam esse legem, quae minimum
gate from public right. Conventio vincit legem. The ex- relinquit arbitrio judicis; id quod certitudo ejus praestat.

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That law is best which leaves the least to the decision of the nomothetic, obedient, permissible, permitted, prescribed by
judge; this being an advantage which results from its cer- law, proper, sanctioned, sanctioned by law, statutable, statu-
tainty. Leges posteriores priores contrariasabrogant. tory, unprohibited, valid, warranted by law, within the law
Subsequent laws repeal prior laws that are repugnant to ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS : lawful act, lawful age, lawful
them. Jus est ars boni et aequi. Law is the science of what beneficiary, lawful business, lawful command, lawful cus-
is good and just. Nihil infra regnum subditos magis con- tody, lawful damages, lawful entry, lawful heirs, lawful in-
servatin tranquilitate et concordia quam debitalegum terest, lawful issue, lawful order, lawful possession, lawful
administratio. Nothing better preserves in tranquillity and process, lawful purpose, lawful representative, lawful use
concord those subjected to the same government better
than one due administration of the laws. Aequum et LAWFUL AUTHORITY, noun agency of the law, authorized
bonum est lex legum. That which is equitable and good is agent of the law, authorized officer, established authority,
the law of laws. legitimate member of law enforcement, member of a law
enforcement agency, member of the police force, officer
LAW-ABIDING, adjective according to law, acquies- sanctioned by law, officer with credentials, police, proper
cent, bene moratus, careful to follow the law, complying, authority, rightful authority, sanctioned authority, security,
conforming, conforming to the laws, descent, dutiful, valid member of law enforcement
ethical, evenhanded, follows the law, follows the prescribed
laws, high-minded, high-principled, honest, honorable, in LAWFUL POSSESSION, noun allowable retention, au-
conformity with the law, incorrupt, incorruptible, inviolate, thorized proprietorship, authorized retention, lawful reten-
irreproachable, law-revering, legal, legitimate, licit, moral, tion, legal retention, legitimate control over, legitimate
noble, not illegitimate, obedient, obsequious, observant, on ownership, legitimate retention, permissible control, per-
the up-and-up, principled, proper, reputable, respectable, mitted control, possession in accordance with the law,
right-minded, righteous, scrupulous, statutable, statutory, possession in conformity to the law, possession prescribed
sticks to the law, sticks to the letter of the law, straight, by law, proper bailment, proper ownership, proper title,
straightforward, trustworthy, trusty, unbribable, uncor- retention sanctioned by law, retention warranted by law,
rupted, unimpeachable, upright, upstanding, valid, virtuous, right of retention, rightful control, rightful retention, sanc-
well-principled, within the law, within the limits of the law tioned retention, valid retention
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: law-abiding citizens ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: governmental authority, marshal law,
rule of law
LAW COURT, noun bench, court of justice, forum for
adjusting disputes, forum of justice, judicial forum, judicial LAWFUL POWER, noun allowed authority, authority
tribunal, judiciary, justice court, place where justice is admin- authorized by law, constitutional power, established power,
istered, tribunal force in power, lawful right, legal power, legalized author-
ity, legitimate authority, legitimized power, permitted
LAW FIRM, noun attorneys-at-law, business company, authority, power according to law, proper power, rightful
counselors-at-law, law office(s), legal practitioners, LLC, part- authority, sanctioned power, valid power, warranted power
nership, PLC ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: carrying of weapons
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: prominent law firm, white glove law
firms LAWFULLY, adverb absolutely according to law, abso-
lutely within conformity to the law, allowably, conforming to
LAW OF THE CASE, noun conclusion, conclusion of the the law, definitely reflected in statute, entirely established,
matter, decision, decree, determination, dictate, final judg- entirely in accordance with the law, entirely sanctioned,
ment, finding, holding, judicial decision, maxim, opinion, entirely sanctioned by law, entirely warranted by law, en-
order, order of the court, outcome, precedence, precedent, tirely within the law, entirely within the prescriptions of the
precept, principle, pronouncement, pronouncement by a law, law-abidingly, legally, legitimately, obediently, per-
court, resolution, result, settled holding, underlying basis, missibly, properly, validly
upshot, written order ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: lawfully authorized electronic surveil-
lance, lawfully engaged in an investigation
LAWBREAKER, noun arsonist, convict, convicted felon,
criminal, crook, defrauder, delinquent, embezzler, felon, fugi- LAWLESS, adjective against the law, anarchic, anar-
tive, guilty person, hoodlum, legis violator, malefactor, mal- chical, arrant, audax, capricious, contrarious, contuma-
feasor, miscreant, misdemeanant, misfeasor, murderer, of- cious, corrupt, criminal, degenerate, difficult, disobedi-
fender, outlaw, racketeer, recidivist, thief, transgressor, ent, disobeyed, disobeying, disorderly, disreputable,
vandal, violator, wrongdoer effrenatus, felonious, heedless, ill-disciplined, illegal, im-
moral, in defiance of the law, incorrigible, insidious, inso-
LAWBREAKING, adjective anarchic, anarchical, corrupt, lent, insubordinate, intemperate, intractable, irresponsi-
criminal, culpable, defiant, dirty, disobedient, disorderly, ble, knavish, lawbreaking, licensed, mutinous,
felonious, forward, fraudulent, illegal, illegitimate, illicit, nonconformist, nonlegal, nonobservant, not observant of
insubordinate, intractable, lawless, mutinous, offensive, the law, outlaw, profligate, rascally, rebellious, recalci-
rebellious, recalcitrant, refractory, riotous, tricky, undisci- trant, recreant, recusant, refractory, reinless, restive, revo-
plined, unlawful, unruly, wrong, wrongful lutionary, riotous, seditious, subversive, transgressive, unac-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: penal law, prosecution countable, unbidden, uncompliant, uncomplying,
unconformable, unconstrained, uncontrolled, uncurbed,
LAWFUL, adjective according to fiat, according to law, undisciplined, unfettered, ungovernable, ungoverned, un-
allowable, allowed, authorized by law, conformable to law, principled, unreined, unrighteous, unscrupulous, unsubmis-
conformable with the law, constitutional, established, in ac- sive, unsuppressed, untamed, untoward, unwarrantable,
cordance with the law, in conformity to the law, inviolable, unwarranted, venal, violative, wayward, without law,
juridic, law-abiding, legal, legalized, legitimate, legitimus, licit, wrongful

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LAWLESSNESS, noun actions in defiance of the law, an- LAY ASIDE, verb abandon, adjourn, cancel, continue,
archy, criminal anarchy, disreputable conduct, felonious defer, delay, detain, discard, disclaim, discount, dismiss,
conduct, havoc, illegal conduct, insidious behavior, insubor- disregard, drop, exclude, extend, forestall, forgo, hold,
dination to the rule of law, irresponsible conduct, lawbreak- hold in abeyance, hold off, hold up, ignore, isolate, keep,
ing activity, mutinous conduct, outlawed conduct, rebellious keep pending, lay away, lay by, lay in a stock, not decide,
conduct, recalcitrant conduct, revolutionary conduct, riotous over rule, pass over, pause, pick out, place on hold, post-
behavior, seditious activity, subversive actions, uncontrolled pone, preserve, pretermit, procrastinate, prolong, put
actions, ungovernable actions, unlicensed behavior, unsup- aside, put in suspension, put off, put on hold, recess, re-
pressed conduct, untoward behavior, unwarrantable behav- ject, relinquish, remove, renounce, repudiate, retain, re-
ior, wrongful action tard, scrap, segregate, select, separate, set apart, set
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: international law, rule of law aside, set by, shelve, shut out, spurn, stall, stave off, stay,
stockpile, store away, store up, suspend, table, turn over,
LAWMAKER, noun alderman, alderwoman, assembly- wait, weed out, winnow, withdraw, withhold
man, assemblywoman, bill drafter, congressman, congress-
woman, councilman, councilwoman, formulator of laws, LAY DOWN (Dictate the Law), noun ascertain, assert,
lawgiver, legislative draftsman, legislator, member of a leg- declare, delineate, determine, maintain, proclaim, report,
islature, member of Congress, member of the Assembly, specify, state, state categorically
member of the House, member of the Senate, politician, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: lay down the law
politico, proposer of a law, proposer of legistation, repre-
sentative, representative in Congress, senator LAY DOWN (Give up), noun cede, declare defeat, quit,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: Assembly, Congress, House of relinquish, submit, surrender, turn over, yield
Representatives, Senate
LAY DOWN THE LAW, verb administer the law, carry
LAWSUIT, noun action, action at law, case, case for into effect the law, carry into execution the law, carry out
decision, cause in court, claim, contention, contest, contro- the law, compel obedience with the law, effectuate the law,
versia, controversy, controversy before a court, court ac- enforce the law, enforce to the letter of the law, ensure
tion, dispute, judicial contest, legal action, legal argument, compliance, execute the law, implement the law, impose
legal contest, legal controversy, legal dispute, legal pro- the law, insist upon, make compulsory, mandate, necessi-
ceedings, lis, litigation, matter for judgment, proceeding, tate, obtain by force, put into effect, put into execution, put
suit at law, suit in equity, trial pressure on, read the riot act, require, strictly regulate,
subject to pressure
LAWYER, noun avocat, advocate, attorney, attorney-
at-law, barrister, barrister-at-law, counsel, counselor, coun- LAY THE BLAME ON, verb accuse, ascribe blame,
selor-at-law, iurisconsultus, iurisperitus, jurisconsult, juris- blame, bring up on charges, cast blame upon, charge,
prudent, jurist, legal advisor, legal advocate, legal consultant, charge with an offense, complain against, condemn, con-
legal practitioner, legist, member of the legal profession, nect with a crime, criminate, denounce, expose, find fault
solicitor with, hold accountable, implicate, impute guilt to, incul-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: admission to bar, attorney-client pate, indict, inform on, insinuate, involve, involve in
privilege, bar association, character and fitness commit- criminal proceeding, lodge a complaint, place the blame
tee, code of professional conduct, grievance committee, on, prefer charges, prosecute
work product
LAY WASTE, verb abolish, annihilate, deal destruction,
LAX, adjective absentminded, apathetic, careless, ca- deracinate, desolate, destroy, destroy thoroughly, devas-
sual, derelict, disorganized, disregarding, dissolutus, feck- tate, efface, obliterate, ravage
less, forgetful, halfhearted, heedless, idle, imprecise, im-
provident, imprudent, inaccurate, inadvertent, inattentive, LAYER, noun amount, band, belt, blanket, cloak, cover,
incautious, indifferent, indolent, inexact, lackadaisical, lazy, coverage, covering, curtain, level, shell, stratum, thickness,
loose, mindless, neglectful, neglegens, negligent, nonag- tier, zone
gressive, oblivious, perfunctory, pococurante, regardless,
remiss, remissus, slack, slipshod, slothful, slovenly, slug- LAYMAN, noun amateur, civilian, laic, nonprofessional,
gish, temerarious, thoughtless, unambitious, unapprehen- nonspecialist, one who has no specialized training, un-
sive, unaspiring, unaware, uncaring, uncircumspect, uncon- skilled practitioner, untrained person
cerned, undemanding, unenterprising, unguarded, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: lay witness
unheeding, uninterested, unmindful, unobservant, unob-
serving, unprepared, unstrict, unthinking, unthorough, un- LAYOFF, noun banishment, cashiering, cessation, de-
thoughtful, untidy, unwary, unwatchful sistance, discarding, discharge, discontinuance, discontin-
uation, disemployment, dismissal, displacement, ejection,
LAXITY, noun amorality, apathy, carelessness, derelic- ejectment, elimination, expulsion, firing, halt, idling, inter-
tion, disregard, heedlessness, imprecision, improvidence, ruption, letting go, ouster, rejection, release, removal, re-
inaccuracy, inadvertence, inadvertency, inattention, inat- tirement, riddance, stoppage, suspension of employment,
tentiveness, indifference, indolence, inexactitude, inexact- temporary deprivation, temporary discharge, temporary
ness, inobservance, lack of control, lack of interest, lack of suspension, termination, termination of employment
thoroughness, laziness, looseness, neglect, neglectfulness, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: suspension, temporary layoff
neglegentia, negligence, noncompletion, nonfeasance,
nonfulfillment, nonperformance, oversight, perfunctoriness, LAZY, adjective apathetic, careless, derelict, disinter-
remissness, slackness, sloppiness, sloth, slovenliness, ested, disregardful, drowsy, dull, forgetful, heedless, idle,
thoughtlessness, unconcern, unpreparedness, unrigorous- inattentive, indifferent, indolent, inert, lackluster, languor-
ness, untidiness, unwatchfulness ous, lax, lethargic, listless, neglectful, oblivious, phlegmatic,

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quiescent, remiss, shiftless, slack, sleepy, slothful, sluggish, partnership, pool, ring, societas, society, sodality, treaty,
supine, thoughtless, torpid, unambitious, unconcerned, trust, understanding, unification, union
unenergetic, unimpressive, unmindful
LEANING, noun attitude, bent, bias, conviction, disposi-
LEAD (Introduction), noun connection, foreword, open- tion, favor, favorable predisposition toward, favoritism, feel-
ing, preamble, preface, prelude, prologue, prompt ing, gravitation, habit, idiosyncrasy, in disequilibrium, inclina-
tion, liking, partiality, penchant, predisposition, predisposition
LEAD (Predominant), noun clue, direction, example, toward, prejudgment, prejudice, prepossession, proclivity,
generalship, guidance, headline, indication, influence, proneness, propensity, readiness, stand, standpoint, sus-
leading role, leadership, precedence, precedent, predomi- ceptibility, temperament, tendency, trend, unbalanced
nance, primacy, priority, protagonist, sign ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS : judge’s leaning toward issuing a
decision
LEAD, verb assume mastery over, coax, command,
conduct, control, direct, dominate, drive, gain ascendancy, LEAP OF FAITH, verb blind acceptance, blind accession,
govern, guide, handle, head, hold the reins, influence, blind belief, blind confidence, blind intentions, misguided
initiate, introduce, manage, manipulate, marshal, moti- trust, quantum confidence in, unjustified belief, unjustified
vate, officiate, originate, oversee, persuade, pilot, pioneer, confidence, unjustified freedom from doubt, unquestion-
precede, predominate, preside, prevail upon, prompt, ing acceptance, unshakable trust, unwarranted conviction,
regulate, rule, run, show the way, steer, superintend unwarranted credence, unwarranted loyalty, unwarranted
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: leading questions, leading the witness progression, unwarranted reliance, unwarranted trust

LEAD COUNSEL, noun advocate in charge, command- LEARN, verb acquire knowledge, analyze, become
ing counsel, controlling counsel, counsel in charge, first knowledgeable, comprehend, concentrate on, edify, edu-
counsel, supervising and controlling counsel cate, enlighten, experience, gain erudition, gain information,
gain knowledge, pursue knowledge, study, understand
LEADER, noun administrator, antecedent, captain,
chairman, chief, commander, controller, demagogue, direc- LEARNED, adjective accomplished, acquainted with,
tor, employer, forerunner, manager, mastermind, official, acroatic, apprised of, aware, bibliophilic, bookish, cognizant,
overseer, pathfinder, pioneer, precursor, predecessor, prin- conversant, doctus, educated, enlightened, erudite, eruditus,
cipal, protagonist, ruler, shepherd, supervisor experienced, expert, familiar, informed, instructed, knowing,
knowledgeable, lettered, literate, litteratus, omniscient,
LEADERSHIP, noun ascendancy, authority, captaincy, pansophic, pedantic, pedantical, professional, professorial,
chieftainship, direction, directorate, directorship, domina- proficient, profound, recondite, sagacious, sage, sapient,
tion, first place, generalship, governorship, guidance, influ- scholarly, schooled, skilled, studious, versant, versed, well-
ence, legal power, management, mastery, paramountcy, educated, well-informed, well-read, well-rounded, well-
potency, primacy, predominance, premiership, preroga- taught, well-trained, widely read, wise
tive, presidency, proctorship, puissance, reign, right, sei-
gniory, sovereignty, statesmanship, steering, superinten- LEARNING, noun acquired knowledge, acquirements,
dency, superiority, supremacy, suzerainty, sway acquisition of knowledge, analysis, attainment, body of
knowledge, common knowledge, comprehension, disci-
LEADING (Guiding), adjective controlling, directing, pline, edification, education, enlightenment, erudition, expe-
implicational, implicative, implicatory, inferential, insinuat- rience, extensive knowledge, information, instruction, men-
ing, insinuative, instructional, instructive, referential, regu- tal cultivation, pedantry, practical learning, proficiency,
lating, steering, suggestive, supervising, supervisory pursuit of knowledge, quest, recall, recalling, recollection,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: leading a witness, leading question remembering, remembrance, sagaciousness, sagacity, sci-
ence, search, study
LEADING (Ranking first), adjective beyond compare,
capital, cardinal, central, chief, dominant, dominating, fin- LEASE, noun agreement, conductio, contract, contract
est, first, foremost, greatest, main, most influential, out- for exclusive possession of lands, contract for possession
standing, paramount, predominant, preeminent, prevailing, and profits, conveyance in consideration of recompense,
primarius, primary, prime, princeps, principal, prominent, conveyance of interest in real property, conveyance of land
stellar, supreme, top, topmost, unequaled, unexcelled, un- for a designated period, grant, grant of realty, grant of use
matched, unparalleled, unrivalled, unsurpassed and possession, instrument, instrument granting posses-
sion of premises, legal agreement, permission to rent,
LEADING CASE, noun case dispositive on a salient point, tenant-landlord agreement, written agreement
case which is dispositive of an issue, decisive case in point, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: assignment of lease, building lease,
greatest precedence, highest case in a circuit, highest case of cancellation of a lease, concurrent lease, divisible lease,
precedence, milestone, most critical case in a subject area, forfeiture of lease, implied lease, let premises, long-term
most major case in point, number one case in the area lease, option to lease, parol lease, perpetual lease, renewal
of lease, rent, sublease, term of lease, termination of lease,
LEAGUE, noun accord, affiliation, agreement, align- voidable lease
ment, alliance, association, axis, band, bloc, cartel, club,
coalition, collaboration, combination, combine, compact, LEASE, verb allow the use of, charter, contract for ex-
complicity, concord, concordat, concurrence, confeder- clusive possession, contract for possession of land, contract
acy, confederation, conjunction, cooperation, copartner- for use and occupation, convey for a designated period,
ship, corporation, covenant, deal, federation, fellowship, convey real property for a specified period, demise, en-
foedus, fusion, gang, group, guild, mutual undertaking, gage, engage premises for a designated period, grant ex-
network, organization, pact, pactum, participation, clusive possession for a designated period, grant use and

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possession, lend on security, let, let premises for a desig- LEAVE A LEGACY (Accomplish), verb bring about,
nated period, locare, rent, rent out, sublet, subrent consummate, dedicate, enrich, fulfill, make a contribution
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: assignment of a lease, cancellation of a to society, minister, pass down, realize, redound to,
lease, commencement of a lease, extension of a lease, succeed
forfeiture of a lease, joint lease, lease at will, lease for years,
lease of premises, month-to-month tenacy, perpetual LEAVE A LEGACY (Bequeath), verb allot, assign, be-
lease, renewable lease, sublease, tenacy, tenacy at suffer- stow, demise, descend, devise, dispense, donate, endow,
ance, tenacy at will, term of a lease, termination of a lease, entrust, give, hand down, leave, leave by will, make a be-
voidable lease quest, pass on, transmit by will, will, will to
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bequeaths and devises, estates, gifts,
LEASEHOLD, noun estate for a fixed term, estate for a wills
fixed term of years, estate in realty, freehold, interest in
real estate, interest of a lessee, land held by lease, land LEAVE A WILL, verb compose a will, draw up a testa-
leased, property leased, real property subject to a lease, ment, prepare a last will and testament, prepare a testa-
tenure by lease ment, prepare an instrument, produce an instrument, write
a document, write a testament
LEAST (Inadequate), adjective beneath, deficient, im-
perfect, incompetent, inferior, insufficient, lowest, medio- LEAVE OUT, verb ban, banish, bar, blackball, blacklist,
cre, poorest block, count out, debar, deport, disregard, eliminate, ex-
clude, excommunicate, exile, expel, forget, freeze out,
LEAST (Insignificant), adjective bottom number of, impede, not include, obstruct, obviate, omit, ostracize,
fewest, infinitesimally low, littlest, lowest, microscopically oust, overlook, pass over, prohibit, remove, rule out, shut
small, minimal, minute, minutest, most trivial, next to out, skip, slight, suspend, throw out
nothing, slightest, small, smallest, trivial
LECHEROUS, adjective addicted to lewdness, bawdy,
LEAST RESTRICTIVE MEANS, noun least restricted concupiscent, corrupt, debauched, depraved, desirous, dis-
means to achieve interest, least restrictive way to effec- sipated, dissolute, erotic, erotical, fleshly, gluttonous, goat-
tively achieve government interest ish, immoral, inclined to lewdness, lascivious, lewd, liber-
tine, libidinous, licentious, lickerish, loose, lubric, lubricous,
LEAVE (Absence), noun absentation, break, commeatus, lustful, profligate, prurient, rakish, reprobate, ruttish, sala-
departure, freedom from duty, furlough, holiday, inactivity, cious, sexually indulgent, unbridled, unchaste, unregener-
interlude, intermission, interval of rest, leisure, liberty, non- ate, unrestrained, unspiritual, wanton
appearance, nonattendance, parting, pause, recess, recre-
ation time, relaxation, removal, repose, respite, rest, retire- LECTURE, (Admonish), verb berate, chide, correction,
ment, retreat, suspension of work, vacation discipline, dress down, excoriate, harangue, rebuke, re-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: leave of absence, sick leave monstrate, reprimand, reproach, scold, teach, teach an
example to, tear into, tongue-lash, upbraid
LEAVE (Permission), noun accordance, acquiescence,
agreement, allowance, approbation, approval, assent, au- LECTURE (Speak), verb address, comment, deliver an
thorization, certification, concurrence, consent, counte- address, discuss, elucidate, give a talk on, instruction, pre-
nance, dispensation, endorsement, exemption, favor, pare comments, prepare a disclosure on, present, present
grace, grant, imprimatur, indorsement, indulgence, legal- information on, remonstrate, speak on, talk on, teach
ization, liberty, license, licentia, permissio, permittance, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: continuing legal education
sanction, sufferance, tolerance, vouchsafement, warrant
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: leave of court LEDGER, noun account book, account of transactions,
accounts, balance sheet, bankbook, book of accounts,
LEAVE (Allow to remain), verb cease, deposit, desist, book of records, books, calculation, cashbook, codex ac-
discard, disuse, drop, forbear, forget, give up, let be, let cepti et expensi, computation, daybook, diary, entries, file,
continue, let go, let stand, neglect, permit, relinquish, re- index, log, logbook, passbook, profit and loss statement,
nounce, repudiate, set aside, shun, stop, supersede, sur- record, record book, record of credits and debits, record
render, suspend, waive of money transactions, register, registry, running account,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: leave no issue, leave the scene of an statement
accident
LEERY, adjective afraid, apprehensive, careful, cau-
LEAVE (Depart), verb abandon, abdicate, abjure, ab- tious, chary, circumspect, distrustful, doubtful, doubting,
scond, be off, bid farewell, break away, decamp, defect, dubious, entertaining suspicion, frightened, guarded, heed-
desert, disappear, discedere, drop out, embark, emigrate, ful, hesitant, hesitating, in doubt, mistrustful, questioning,
escape, evacuate, excedere, exit, flee, fly, forsake, go, go shy of, skeptical, suspect, suspecting, suspicious, unbeliev-
away, go forth, migrate, move on, part, proficisci, pull out, ing, uncertain, unconvinced, unsure, vigilant, wary, watch-
quit, resign, retire, retreat, run away, secede, set out, slip ful, without belief, without faith
away, take leave, tergiversate, vacate, vanish, withdraw
LEEWAY, noun allowance, breathing room, breathing
LEAVE (Give), verb accord, allot, apportion, assign, space, deviation, elbowroom, extra room, freedom, head-
award, bequeath, bestow, confer, consign, demise, de- room, indulgence, latitude, liberty, license, margin, room
vise, donate, endow, entrust, give by will, grant, hand to maneuver, room to move, room to operate, room to
down, impart, legare, make a bequest, make a testamen- spare, slack, some play, space
tary disposition, present, relinquere, settle upon, trans- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: federal sentencing guidelines, man-
mit, will dates

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LEFT (Direction), adjective left hand, left-hand side, left philosophy, pleading, position, positive declaration or state-
side, leftward, near, on the other side, over there, port, ment, statement, statement offered in proof
portside
LEGAL ASSISTANT, noun assistant, contract paralegal,
LEFT (Liberal), adjective communalistic, communistic, freelance paralegal, independent paralegal, law assistant,
leftist leanings, leftwing, liberal, progressive, radical, revo- legal document assistant, legal technician, paralegal, tradi-
lutionary, socialistic tional paralegal

LEFT (Remaining), adjective balance, continuing, extra, LEGAL AUTHORITY (Legal ability), noun agent under
leftover, over, spare, staying, surplus, surplusage the law, authorization, authorized legal permission to act,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: no child left behind, remainder lawful power to act, lawful right to act, legal permission,
proper legal power, statutory authority
LEFTOVER, noun balance, carry-over, excess, extra,
overage, remainder, remaining, remnants, residual, resi- LEGAL AUTHORITY (Legal support), noun backup to
due, residuum, rest, surplus, unused support a position, case law, cases on point to back up a
contention, cases to prove an issue of law, cases which
LEGACY, noun bequeathal, bequest, bestowal, confer- support a contention, legal research, statutes to prove an
ment, dispensation, disposition, disposition of personalty, issue, support for a legal argument, support for a theory
dotation, endowment, gift by will, gift of property by will,
grant, heritance, impartment, inheritance, legatum, testa- LEGAL CLAIM, noun action, allegation, bill of com-
mentary gift plaint, complaint, declaration, demand, lawsuit, legal pro-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: absolute legacy, alternate legacy, chari- cess, right, suit, summons
table legacy, conditional legacy, contingent legacy, cumula- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: affirmative defenses, counterclaim,
tive legacy, demonstrative legacy, general legacy, indefinite cross-claims, defenses
legacy, lapsed legacy, pecuniary legacy, residuary legacy,
special legacy, specific legacy LEGAL DISCOURSE, noun analysis of legal language,
examination of legal language, legal conversation, legal
LEGAL, adjective according to the law, allowable, al- expression, precise expression of legal concepts, technical
lowed, approved, authorized, authorized by law, cognizable in analysis of legal language, verbal exchange
courts of law, constitutional, decreed, enforceable in a court of
law, established by law, good and effectual in law, governed LEGAL DISPUTE, noun action, action at law, action in
by law, in conformity with law, lawful, legalized, legitimate, court, aggressive argument, case, challenge in the courts,
legitimus, licit, permissible, permitted by law, prescribed, claim, conflict, confutation, contention, controversy, court
prescribed by law, proper, quod ex lege, recognized by the action, disputation, field action, judicial contest, lawsuit,
law, required by law, rightful, sanctioned, secundum leges fit, legal action, legal challenge, legal clash, legal contest, legal
statutory, sufficient in law, valid, warranted, within the law disagreement, legal feud, legal proceeding, litigation, pro-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: legal action, legal age, legal arrest, ceeding, suit at law, suit in law, trial
legal beneficiaries, legal capacity to sue, legal cause, legal ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: dispute resolution
claim, legal consideration, legal damages, legal detriment,
legal disability, legal duty, legal entity, legal heir, legal no- LEGAL DOCUMENTS, noun evidentiary records, ex-
tice, legal obligation, legal presumption, legal proceedings, hibits, legal evidence, legal instruments, legal materials,
legal process, legal remedy, legal representative, legal legal papers, legal proof, legal record, legal reports, le-
tender, legal title gally written materials, papers, recorded material, verifi-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Id possumus quod de jure possumus. We cations
may do only that which we are able to do lawfully. ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: discovery, document management,
legal forms, legal research
LEGAL ACTION, noun action, action at law, cause,
controversy, instituted proceedings, judicial proceedings, LEGAL EVIDENCE, noun admitted testimony, body of
judicial recourse, lawsuit, legal process, legal recourse, liti- facts on which belief is based, circumstances in a case,
gation, matter, proceeding, process, prosecution, suit, suit confirmation, corroboration, document, documentation,
in law documents, documents which tends to prove, exhibit, ex-
hibits submitted to jury, facts, facts admitted at trial, facts
LEGAL ADVISOR, noun advocate, attorney-at-law, judicially noted, facts which bear on the point in question,
barrister, counsel, counselor, counselor-at-law, lawyer, legal facts which establish the point in issue, factual matter,
practitioner, legist, member of the bar, member of the legal ground of proof, grounds for belief, instrument of proof,
profession, officer of the court, pleader, solicitor legal proof, legal validation, legal verification, matter le-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: appointment of counsel, retention of gally submitted to the jury, matters of fact, means of proof,
counsel means of proving a fact, medium of proof, persuasive facts,
proof legally presented at trial, proof of facts, record, rele-
LEGAL AGREEMENT, noun binding agreement, binding vant fact, relevant material, substantiation, testimony which
compact, binding contract, formal conveyance of interest, furnishes proof
formal document, understanding ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: demonstrative evidence, digital evi-
dence, documentary evidence, exculpatory evidence,
LEGAL ARGUMENT, noun affirmation, allegation, argu- physical evidence, rules of evidence, scientific evidence,
ment, asseveration, attestation, belief, cause of action, claim, testimony
counter argument, course of reasoning, declaration, defend-
ing of a cause by argument, defense, defensive measures, LEGAL EXPERT, noun authority, experienced, ex-
doctrine, insistence on a right or claim, issue, justification, pert witness, highly qualified individual, highly technical

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 LEGALLY ENFORCEABLE

specialist, leading authority in the field, legal scholar, LEGAL RIGHT, noun authority, authorization, cause,
professional authority, qualified professional, scholar, claim, empowerment, entitlement, freedom, inalienable
specialist, specially trained person, technician, well- right, just claim, legitimate right, license, power, preroga-
known authority tive, vested right or interest
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: forensic witness, legal consultant ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: due process, freedom of the press,
free speech, right against self-incrimination, right to as-
LEGAL ISSUE, noun affirmation, allegation, argument, semble, right to petition
asseveration, cause, concern arising from law, counterargu-
ment, debatable point, declaration, disputed point of law, LEGALESE, noun language of the law, lawyer’s lan-
disputed question, fact put in controversy by the pleadings, guage, legal language, legal parlance, legal usage, legal
field of inquiry, finer legal pint, finer point of law, item, in- writing, the legal profession’s language
sistence on a right or claim, justification, legal contention,
legal question, legality, material point, material point LEGALISM (Conservative meaning of the law), noun ac-
educed from the pleadings, matter, matter in hand, matter cording to the letter of the law, by the strict letter of the law,
in question, matter of contention, overriding question to be chapter and verse of, conforming precisely to the law, conser-
researched, overriding question to be resolved, point, vative interpretation, exactly according to the law, literal inter-
point in question, point of contention, position, positive pretation of the law, orthodox interpretation of the law, pre-
declaration, positive statement, problem, question at issue, cise interpretation of the law, strict interpretation of the law
question of law, sticking point, subject for inquiry
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: issue named in a will LEGALISM (Legalese), noun abstruse language, bloated
wording, bombastic wording, complex legalese, convoluted
LEGAL PRACTITIONER, noun advocate, attorney, attor- wording, grandiloquent language, inflated wording, legal
ney-at-law, barrister, counsel, counselor, counselor-at-law, jargon complexities, long-winded jargon, orotund language,
Juris Doctor, lawyer, legal professional, member of the bar, ostentatious wording, pedantic verbiage, pompous word-
practitioner, professional, solicitor, specialist ing, sophisticated legal term, sophisticated legal verbiage,
swollen wording, technical language, technical term, techni-
LEGAL PRECEDENT, noun authoritative decision, au- cal wording, turgid wording
thoritative principle of law, case law, controlling law, de- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: legal term, legal verbiage, technical
cree, established doctrine, legal doctrine, model, para- language, technical term
digm, ruling, standard
LEGALISTIC, adjective absolute adherence with the let-
LEGAL PROCEEDING, noun action, action at law, case, ter of the law, absolute compliance with words contained on
cause, contest, controversy, instituted proceeding, judicial the page, strict adherence with the law, strict compliance
dispute, judicial recourse, lawsuit, legal dispute, legal pro- with the text of the law, strict respect for language in a law
cess, legal recourse, litigation, matter, proceeding, prose-
cution of a claim, suit, trial LEGALITY, noun accordance with law, allowableness,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: commencement of an action, enforce- authorization, conformity to law, conformity with the law,
ment of judgments, judgment, prosecution of a case, verdict constitutionality, lawfulness, legalism, legitimacy, legiti-
mateness, permissibleness, rightfulness, sanction, sanction-
LEGAL PROCESS, noun summons, summons for a ableness, validity, warrantableness
case, summons for a cause in court, summons for a contro- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: legality of consideration, legality of
versy before a court, summons for a court action, summons contract, legality of obligation, legality of purpose
for a judicial contest, summons for a legal action, summons
for a legal contest, summons for a legal controversy, sum- LEGALIZATION, noun affirmation, approval, authoriza-
mons for a legal dispute, summons for a trial, summons for tion, codification, confirmation, legislative sanction, legiti-
an action, summons for an action at law, summons for legal matization, passing into law, ratification, regulation by
proceedings, summons for litigation, summons for suit at statute, sanction, validation
law, writ
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: means to compel attendance LEGALIZE, verb approve, authorize, bring into confor-
mity with law, confirm, confirm by law, decree by law,
LEGAL PROFESSION, noun admitted attorneys, legal enact by law, ferre, legislate, legitimate, legitimatize, make
community, practicing attorneys, the bar, the profession lawful, make legal, order by law, permit by law, pronounce
of law legal, sanction, sanction by law, validate

LEGAL RECOURSE, noun action, action at law, case, case LEGALLY BINDING, adjective compulsory, controlled
for decision, cause in court, claim, contention, contest, con- for, controlling, effective, enforceable, final, fully executed,
troversy, controversy before a court, court action, court governing, has legal effect, has legal force, imperative, in
proceedings, dispute, judicial contest, legal action, legal ar- effect, legally adopted, legally committed, legally com-
gument, legal contest, legal controversy, legal dispute, legal pelled, legitimate, mandatory, necessary, obligated for,
proceedings, litigation, matter for judgment, proceeding, obligatory, operative, prescribed, required, signed, valid,
suit at law, suit in equity, trial validated
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: contracts, instrument, marriage
LEGAL REPRESENTATIVE, noun administrator, admin-
stratrix, appointed representative, attorney-at-law, autho- LEGALLY ENFORCEABLE, adjective authoritative, au-
rized individual, authorized representative, executor, execu- thorized, binding, compelling, compulsory, decreed valid,
trix, legal agent, legal proxy, legal spokesman, legal effective, established, formulate, has legal effect, has legal
substitute, professional representative force, imposed, in effect, legally binding, legitimate, legiti-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: personal representative matized, licensed, mandated, mandatory, necessary,

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 LEGALLY IN FORCE

operative, ordained, prescribed, put into force, put into LEGISLATIVE, adjective congressional, decreeing, en-
operation, put into practice, required, sanctioned, valid, acting, lawgiving, lawmaking, legislating, ordained by leg-
validated, warranted islation, ordaining, prescriptive, statutory
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: legally enforceable rights ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: legislative enactment

LEGALLY IN FORCE, adjective compulsory, controlled LEGISLATIVE DECREE, noun act, article, canon, chapter of
for, controlling, effective, enforceable, final, fully executed, law, code, legislative command, legislative enactment, legis-
governing, has legal effect, has legal force, imperative, in lative established law, legislative fiat, legislative initiative,
effect, legally adopted, legally binding, legally committed, legislative law, legislative legal code, legislative mandate,
legally compelled, legitimate, mandatory, necessary, obli- legislative maxim, legislative order, legislative ordinance,
gated for, obligatory, operative, prescribed, required, legislative precedent, legislative precept, legislative prescrip-
signed, valid, validated tion, legislative principle, legislative pronouncement, legisla-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: contracts, instrument, marriage tive rule, legislative sanction, legislative set of rules, legisla-
tive standard, legislative statute, legislative tenet
LEGATEE, noun beneficiary, devisee, distributee, donee,
feoffee, grantee, heir apparent, heir at law, heiress, inheritor, LEGISLATIVE ENACTMENT, noun canon, code, codifica-
legal heir, legatary, one who inherits, recipient, transferee tion, codified law, dictate, edict, enactment, law, legal
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: pecuniary legatee, remainderman, re- code, legislation, mandate, measure, order, ordinance,
siduary legatee, sole legatee, specific legatee provision of the law, regulation, rubric, statute, written law

LEGEND (Fable), noun adventure, chronicle, epic, epos, LEGISLATIVE INTENT, noun background on a law,
fable, fantasy, fiction, folklore, lore, myth, mythology, odys- intent by lawmakers, intent of the government, jurisdictive,
sey, romance, saga, story, tale, tradition, yarn legislative interpretation, legislative meaning, purpose of a
law, reason and rationale for a law, the concepts behind a
LEGEND (Inscription), noun abstract, annotation, brief, law, the construction of a law, the intent of a law, the intent
caption, chronicle, cipher, compendium, device, epitaph, of a legislative enactment, the intent of the lawmakers in
heading, imprint, impression, narrative, record, rubric, super- passing a law, the legislative initial for a law, the meaning
scription of the law, the need for a law, the object of the law, the
objective of a law, the origin of a law, the reach of a law
LEGENDARY (Famous), adjective acclaimed, cele-
brated, distinguished, eminent, epic, esteemed, exalted, LEGISLATIVE MANDATE, noun legislative command,
fabled, famed, famous, heroic, illustrious, memorable, no- legislative decree, legislative directive, legislative fiat, leg-
table, outstanding, renowned islative forced imperatives, legislative imposed standards,
legislative order, legislative pronouncement, legislative
LEGENDARY (Fictitious), adjective apocryphal, fabled, rule, legislative tenet
fanciful, fictional, figmental, idealistic, imagined, mytho- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: unfunded mandates
logical, storied, uncanonical, unhistorical, unwritten
LEGISLATOR, noun congressman, lawgiver, lawmaker,
LEGISLATE, verb authorize, codify, constituere, create member of a governmental body, member of a legislative
by law, decree, dictate, effect, enact, enact laws, establish, body, member of parliament, officer of state, official repre-
establish by law, exercise the function of legislation, formu- sentative, one who formulates laws, one who gives or
late, institute, leges facere, make into law, make laws, make makes laws, one who helps to pass laws, parliamentarian,
legal, order, originate, pass, pass laws, prescribe laws, put politician, public servant, representative, senator
in force, rule, sanction, scribere, vote in
LEGISLATURE, noun assembly, body of persons who
LEGISLATION (Enactments), noun acts, bills, body of formulate laws, congress, house of representatives, law-
laws enacted, canon, canons, codes, dictates, laws, mea- making body, law-making branch of government, lawgiv-
sures, ordinances, prescripts, provisions of a law, regula- ers, lawmakers, legislative body, parliament, senate
tions, rulings, statutes
LEGITIMACY, noun authorization, conformity to law,
LEGISLATION (Lawmaking), noun codification of laws, genuineness, justifiability, lawfulness, legality, legitimate-
enacting laws, formulating rules for the future, legislative ness, legitimation, legitimization, licitness, originality, per-
process, preparation of laws missibility, realness, rightfulness, soundness, validity
FOREIGN PHRASES: Leges figendi et refigendi consuetudo ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: illegitimacy, paternity proceeding
est periculosissima. The practice of making and remak- FOREIGN PHRASES: Semper praesumitur pro legitimatione
ing the laws is a most dangerous one. Jura eodem modo puerorum. The presumption always is in favor of the legiti-
destituuntur quo constituuntur. Laws are abrogated by macy of children. Cum legitimae nuptiae factae sunt, pa-
the same means by which they are enacted. Legislatorum trem liberi sequuntur. Children of a lawful marriage follow
est viva vox, rebus et non verbis, legem imponere. The the condition of the father. Praesumitur pro legitimatione.
voice of the legislators is the living voice, to impose laws There is a presumption in favor of legitimacy. Non est justum
upon things, and not on words. Neque leges neque aliquem antenatum post mortem facere bastardum qui
senatus consulta ita scribi possunt ut omnis casus toto tempore vitae suae pro legitimo habebatur. It is not
qui quandoque in sediriunt comprehendatur; sed suf- just to make anyone a bastard after death who during his
ficit ea quae plaerumque accidunt contineri. Neither lifetime was regarded as legitimate. Pater est quem nuptiae
laws nor acts of a legislature can be so written as to in- demonstrant. He is the father whom the marriage points out.
clude all actual or possible cases; it is sufficient if they
provide for those things which frequently or ordinarily LEGITIMATE (Lawfully conceived), adjective born in
may happen. wedlock, born of parents legally married, conceived of

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 LESSEN IN VALUE

parents legally married, natural, of lawful parentage, sired considerateness, easiness, easygoingness, endurance, for-
in wedlock bearance, forgiveness, generosity, generousness, humane-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: legitimate issue ness, humanity, indulgence, kindheartedness, kindness, le-
nience, liberality, liberalness, mercifulness, mercy, mildness,
LEGITIMATE (Rightful), adjective according to law, moderateness, moderation, pardon, patience, permissive-
allowed, authorized, constitutional, enacted, genuine, in ness, sympathy, temperance, temperateness, tolerance, will-
accordance with law, in accordance with legal provisions, ingness to forgive, yielding
juristic, law-abiding, lawful, legal, legalized, legislated, li- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: leniency delays, leniency law, leni-
censed, licit, mandated, official, real, recognized by law, ency policies, sentencing
rightful, sanctioned, sanctioned by custom, sanctioned by
law, sanctioned by legal authority, sound, statutable, statu- LENIENT, noun allowing, benevolent, charitable, clemens,
tory, valid, well-founded, well-grounded, within the law clement, compassionate, condoning, considerate, easy, easy-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: legitimate business, legitimate heirs, going, enduring, exorable, favoring, forbearing, forgiving,
legitimate purpose, legitimate title free from vindictiveness, generous, gentle, humane, humor-
ing, indulgent, indulging, kind, kindhearted, lenis, liberal,
LEGITIMATE, verb approve, authorize, certify, declare long-suffering, longanimous, magnanimous, merciful, mild,
lawful, legalize, legitimatize, make lawful, make legal, mitis, moderate, pampering, pardoning, patient, pitying,
make legitimate, sanction, validate placable, soft, softhearted, sparing, sympathetic, tolerant,
undemanding, unstrict, willing to forgive, yielding
LEGITIMIZE, verb authorize, confirm, constitute, declare FOREIGN PHRASES: Cum confitente sponte mitius est agen-
lawful, enact, legalize, legitimate, make legal, make legiti- dum. One confessing voluntarily should be dealt with more
mate, make proper, pass, ratify, sanction, validate leniently.

LEND, verb accommodate with, advance, afford, aid, LESS (Fewer), adjective a decreased number, a limited
allow credit, assist, commodare, entrust, extend credit, fi- number, a reduced number, a restricted number of, a smaller
nance, furnish, furnish credit, give, give credit, give money number, curtailed, cutback, diluted, diminished, fewer,
over, grant, invest, loan, permit to borrow, provide, pro- hardly any, in decline, lessened, lesser, limited, little, minus,
vide with, put up the money, sign over, supply, supply aid, not as many, not as much, pared down, reduced, slighter,
turn over smaller
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: lend credit, lend funds ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: concise legal writing, plain language

LENGTH, noun breadth, continuance, dimension, dis- LESS (Inferior), adjective attenuated, belittled, beneath,
tance, distance lengthwise, elongation, expanse, expansion, circumscribed, curtailed, cutback, declined, decreased, de-
extensiveness, extent, lengthiness, limit, long-windedness, emphasized, deficient, deflated, depressed, diluted, dimin-
magnitude, measure, measurement, proportion, range, ished, dissipated, downplayed, dropped, eroded, fallen, in
reach, size, span, stretch decline, inferior, insignificant, junior, lessened, lesser, limited,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: length of memoranda of law, term limit lower, lowered, mediocre, minimized, minor, pared down,
reduced, retrenched, scaled-down, secondary, second-rate,
LENGTHEN, verb add to, aggrandize, amplify, augment, subordinate, watered-down, weakened
compound, continue, draw out, elongate, enlarge, enlarge
upon, expand, extend, increase, keep, make larger, project, LESSEE, noun boarder, conductor, holder of an estate by
prolong, prolongate, protract, spin out, spread, stretch, virtue of a lease, leaseholder, lodger, occupant, occupier,
supplement, sustain, temporize person in possession, possessor, property holder, rent
payer, rentee, renter, resident, roomer, tenant
LENGTHY (Prolix), adjective digressive, discursive, gar-
rulous, long-winded, loquacious, talky, verbose LESSEN, verb abate, abbreviate, abridge, abstract, adulter-
ate, allay, alleviate, assuage, attenuate, bate, belittle, boil
LENGTHY (Prolonged), adjective elongated, extensive, down, calumniate, censure, check, compress, condense, con-
far-reaching, gaunt, lengthened, made to last, prosy, pro- tract, curb, curtail, cut, cut down, decimate, decline, decrease,
tracted, rangy, sesquipedalian, spare, sustained decry, deduct, defame, deflate, degenerate, deliquesce, de-
minuere, deplete, depreciate, dequantitate, deride, dero-
LENGTHY (Tedious), adjective accented, boring, desul- gate, deteriorate, detract, devaluate, die away, dilute, dimin-
tory, diffuse, drawn-out, elongated, endless, errant, ex- ish, discommend, discount, discredit, disparage, dispraise,
tended, interminable, long-spun, roving, spun out, tire- disvalue, dock, drop off, dull, dwarf, dwindle, ease, ebb,
some, wearisome, wordy erode, evaporate, extenuate, imminuere, let up, lighten,
lower, malign, melt away, minify, minimize, mitigate, mod-
LENIENCE, noun acceptance, benevolence, charity, clem- erate, modulate, palliate, pare, qualify, reduce, remit, run
ency, compassion, condonation, consideration, disposition to down, set at naught, shorten, shrink, slacken, slight, soothe,
mercy, endurance, favor, flexibility, forbearance, forgiveness, speak slightingly, stigmatize, stunt, subdue, subside, sub-
forgivingness, freedom from vindictiveness, generousness, tract, summarize, take away, taper, temper, thin, thin out,
gentleness, grace, humanity, indulgence, kindness, lack of traduce, trim, underestimate, underrate, undervalue, vilify,
strictness, leniency, lenity, liberality, longanimity, merciful- vilipend, wane, waste away, water down, weaken, wear
ness, mercy, mildness, moderation, pampering, patience, away, weed out
pity, placability, placableness, quarter, ruth, softheartedness,
softness, sympathy, tolerance, toleration, understanding LESSEN IN VALUE, verb abate, curtail, cut, decline,
decrease, deflate, depreciate, depress, diminish, dropping,
LENIENCY, noun allowance, benevolence, charitableness, dwindling, eroding, lower, reduce, shrink, subside, wane
compassion, compassionateness, condonation, condoning, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: depreciation, residual value insurance

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 LESSER

LESSER, adjective ancillary, baser, diminished, hum- slip, take the lid off, take the wraps off, tell, uncloak, uncover,
bler, inferior, junior, less considerable, lower, mediocre, unfold, unfurl, unmask, unveil, unwrap, utter sounds
minor, more modest, secondary, second-rate, shorter, sim- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: confidentiality, off officials, privilege
pler, slighter, smaller, subaltern, subordinate, subservient,
under, unimportant LET OUT (Release), verb deliver, demobilize, discharge,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: lesser charge, lesser included offense dismiss, free, let go, let go free, let loose, let off, let out on
bail, pardon, parole, release from custody, release from
LESSER INCLUDED OFFENSE, noun decreased charge, prison, unbridle, unchain, unfetter, unharness, unlatch, un-
inferior charge, lower charge within the crimes charged, leash, unlock, unshackle
reduced charge, smaller charge, subordinate charge ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: appeal, habeas corpus
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: acceptance of guilt, guilty plea, verdict
LET STAND, verb affirm, approve, assent to, back, cer-
LESSON (Castigation), noun admonishment, censure, tify, confirm, consent to, corroborate, defend, endorse, es-
chastening, chastisement, chiding, correction, denunciation, tablish, fortify, ratify, reaffirm, reinforce, sanction, substanti-
disciplinary measure, discipline, infliction, punishment, pu- ate, support, sustain, uphold, validate, verify, vindicate
nition, rebuke, reprimand, reproach, reproof, scolding, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: let stand a ruling, let stand a verdict,
tongue-lashing, upbraiding let stand an award

LESSON (Example), noun advice, archetype, education, LETHAL, adjective annihilative, baleful, baneful, danger-
exemplary, gold standard, good example, ideal, illustration, ous, deadly, death-bringing, death-dealing, deathly, destruc-
instruction, learning experience, lecture, maxim, model, tive, evil, exitialis, fatal, fell, feral, funestus, harmful, hurtful,
moral fable, noble action, paragon, preachment, precedent, injurious, internecine, internecive, killing, lethiferous, ma-
precept, prototype, schooling, sermon, shining example, lefic, maleficent, maleficial, malign, malignant, mortal, mor-
standard, teaching tifer, mortiferous, murderous, nocent, nocuous, noxious,
pernicious, pestiferous, pestilent, pestilential, poisonous,
LESSOR, noun business owner, landlord, owner, prop- slaughtering, toxic, toxiferous, unhealthy, venomous, viru-
erty owner lent
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: lethal weapon
LET (Lease), verb allow the use of, charter, contract,
convey, demise, grant, grant the occupancy of, hire, hire LETHARGY, noun apathy, boredom, disinterest, dull-
out, lend, loan, make available, rent, rent out ness, ennui, fatigue, heedlessness, idleness, inaction, inac-
tivity, inanition, incuriosity, indifference, indolence, inertia,
LET (Permit), verb affranchise, allow, approve, assent, languor, lassitude, laziness, listlessness, passiveness, sleep-
authorize, certify, commission, concede, concedere, con- iness, sloth, slowness, sluggishness, stupor, torpidity, tor-
sent, empower, enable, endorse, enfranchise, entitle, en- pidness, unconcern, unmindfulness, weariness
trust, favor, franchise, give leave, give permission, grant,
have no objection, indulge, liberate, license, make possible, LETTER, noun account, announcement, bulletin, card,
oblige, pati, privilege, release, sanction, sinere, suffer, sup- communication, communiqué, correspondence, dispatch,
port, tolerate, vouchsafe, warrant, yield document, e-mail, epistle, item, mail, memo, memoran-
dum, message, missive, note, piece, release, report, trans-
LET DOWN (Disappointing outcome), noun dash one’s mittal
hopes, defeat one’s expectations, disappointment, discon- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: enforcement to the letter of the law
certedness, disenchantment, disgruntlement, dishearten-
ment, disillusionment, dissatisfaction, failure, failure to live LETTER OF CREDIT, noun credit account, credit note,
up to expectations, fall, fallen short, feelings of failure, frus- guaranty, negotiable instrument, paper credit, security
tration, thwarted hopes ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: financial guarantee, letter of delega-
tion, letter of exchange, letter of introduction, letter of li-
LET DOWN (Rest), noun abatement, allayment, allevia- cense, letters testamentary
tion, diminution, drugging, easing, lessening, let up, light-
ening, loosening, mitigation, reduction, relaxation, relent- LETTER OF THE LAW, noun according to the letter, an
ing, slackening, slacking off orthodox interpretation, by chapter and verse, conserva-
tive interpretation, exact words of the law, exactly as writ-
LET GO, verb abandon, cede, clear, disband, discharge, do ten, literal interpretation, literally interpreted, perfectly as
away with, free, give up, leave, leave hold of, liberate, release, written, precise interpretation, precisely as written, strict
relinquish, remit, surrender, terminate, yield, yield control of construction, strict interpretation
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: release from bailment, release from ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: respecting the spirit and letter of the law
custody
LEVEL (Balance), noun aligned, equal, equal on a
LET OFF, verb absolve, acquit, clear, discharge, excuse, plane, even, exact, in the same plane, matched, of the
exempt, exonerate, expiate, forgive, free, let go, liberate, same height, same, standard, straight, uniform
loose, pardon, release, relieve, remit, spare, unburden,
vindicate, whitewash LEVEL (Grade), noun advanced status, class, freshman,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: finding of innocence, finding of not graduate, junior, lowerclassman, program, senior, seniority,
guilty, reversal sophomore, status, underclassman, undergraduate, upper-
classman, year, year of graduation, year of studies
LET OUT (Disclose), verb air, bare, break the news, com-
municated, divulge, expose, express audibly, impart, leak, let LEVEL (Plane), noun bank, deep slope, distance up-
slip out, make known, remove the veil, reveal, shine light on, ward, easy slope, elevation, equal, exact, flat, flat surface,

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 LIBERAL

flattened, flush, grade, gradient, inclination, incline, inclined FOREIGN PHRASES:Quando de una et eadem re duo onera-
plane, on a line, parallel, pitch, slope, steep slope biles existunt, unus pro insufficientia alterius, de inte-
gro, onerabitur. When two persons are chargeable with
LEVERAGE, noun advantage, force, influence, potency, one and the same thing, one of them is chargeable with the
pressure, purchase, vantage whole thing, upon the failure of the other.

LEVIED, adjective assessed, attached, collected, com- LIABLE, adjective accountable, amenable, answerable,
mandeered, confiscated, conscripted, drafted, exacted, bound in equity, bound in law, bound to, bound to re-
excised, extorted, imposed as an assessment, put a duty spond, chargeable, exposed to, exposed to penalty, in
on, recruited, seized, taken by force, take possession of, danger, justly responsible, legally bound, legally responsi-
taxed, tolled ble, obligated, obliged, obliged in law, obnoxius, respon-
sible, subject to, susceptible, under legal obligation, under
LEVY, noun assessment, attachment, collection, confis- obligation, vulnerable
cation, duty, exaction, exactment, excise, gathering, im- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: jointly liable, liable for debts, liable in
post, impressment, seizure, setting aside of specific prop- tort, liable to forfeiture, liable to penalty, liable to prosecu-
erty, tariff, tax, taxation, toll tion, liable to punishment, party liable, personally liable,
secondarily liable
LEVY, verb affix, assess, attach, charge, collect, confis-
cate, conscript, demand, disseise, distrain, divest, enlist, LIAISON, noun administrator, agent, bond, connection,
exact, execute, force, garnish, gather, impose, inflict, lay contact, delegate, deputy, emissary, envoy, go-between,
on, muster, place, put on, raise, require, seize, set, take by interagent, intercessor, intermediary, intermedium, lieuten-
force, take up, tax, usurp, wrest ant, link, linkage, manger, mediating agency, mediator,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: levy a tax, levy an assessment, wrong- messenger, negotiant, negotiator, nexus, representative,
ful levy spokesman, spokesperson, substitute, tie

LEWD, adjective bawdy, carnal, concupiscent, cor- LIBEL, noun accusation, aspersion, calumny, carmen
rupt, depraved, dissolute, exhibiting lust, immodest, im- famosum, censorious writing, defamation, defamatory
moral, impudicus, impure, impurus, incestus, indecent, writing, degradation, denigration, denunciation, disparage-
indelicate, lascivious, lecherous, libertine, libidinous, li- ment, false accusation, false publication, false statement,
centious, lubricous, lustful, morally impure, morally unre- falsehood, falseness, falsification, impairment of reputation,
strained, obscene, offensive, pornographic, profligate, impeachment of virtue, injury to character, injury to one’s
prurient, publicly indecent, questionable, reprobate, rib- reputation, invective, libellus famosus, malicious defama-
ald, risque, ruttish, rutty, salacious, scandalous, scarlet, tion, malicious falsehood, malicious publication, revile-
scurrilous, sexually impure, sexually indecent, shameless, ment, slur, smear, vilification, writing that discredits, written
suggestive, unchaste, unclean, unvirtuous, vulgar, wanton accusation
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: lewd and lascivious cohabitation, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: actionable libel, libel per quod, libel
obscenity per se, publication of libel, slander

LEX LOCI, noun enactment in the area, firm principles LIBEL, verb accuse falsely, accuse in writing, asperse,
in the area, law of the locale, law of the locality, law of the besmirch, calumniate, censure, condemn, debase, decry,
region, legal code in the local area, local law, settled prin- defame, defame by a published writing, degrade, denigrate,
ciples in the area, the law in the area, the law of the circuit, denounce, derogate, discredit, discredit in writing, dispar-
the law of the judicial circuit, the law of the place, the law age, expose to public contempt, impair one’s reputation,
of the site, the law of the territory, the law of the vicinity, incriminate, injure another’s reputation, injure by a pub-
the law of the zone lished writing, injure one’s reputation, maliciously defame,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: choice of law, domicile, forum selec- malign, publish a falsehood, revile, ridicule, scandalize,
tion, lex domicilii, lex loci arbitri, lex loci celebrations in slander, slur, smear, traduce, vilify
marriage, lex loci contractus, lex loci delicti commissi, lex ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: absolute privilege, actionable libel,
situs, lex tori actual malice, criminal libel, defamation, defense of truth,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Lex loci actus. The law of the location disparagement, First Amendment, libel per quod, libel per
where the act was done. se, privileged communication, publication, qualified privi-
leged, republication, slander, trade libel
LIABILITY, noun accountability, accountableness, ame-
nability, amenableness, answerability, aptness, bounden LIBELOUS, adjective abusive, acrimonious, aspersive,
duty, burden, contract obligation, debit, debt, disadvantage, calumnious, condemnatory, contemptuous, damaging, dam-
drawback, due, duty, duty to pay, encumbrance, handicap, natory, defamatory, denunciatory, derogatory, detracting,
hindrance, indebtedness, legal obligation, legal responsibil- detractive, discreditable, discrediting, disgracing, dishonor-
ity, obligation, onus, proclivity, proneness, responsibility, able, dishonoring, disparaging, false and injurious, humiliat-
unliquidated claim, vulnerability ing, ignominious, ill-willed, improficient, injurious, insulting,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: absolute liability, admission of liabil- malevolent, malicious, malignant, odious, pejorative, scan-
ity, civil liability, contingent liability, criminal liability, de- dalous, scurrile, scurrilous, traducing, vilifying, vituperative
nial of liability, existing liability, fixed liability, incurring a
liability, joint liability, known liability, legal liability, liability LIBERAL (Broad-minded), adjective adaptable to
imposed by law, liability insurance, liability without fault, change, advanced, emancipated, fair-minded, flexible,
limited liability, manufacturer’s liability, original liability, freethinking, impartial, liberalis, liberated, neutral, nonpar-
pecuniary liability, potential liability, primary liability, sec- tisan, not narrow-minded, objective, open, open-minded,
ondary liability, several liability, statutory liability, strict progressive, receptive, tolerant, unbiased, unbigoted, unin-
liability, tort liability fluenced, unopinionated, unprejudiced, unswayed

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LIBERAL (Generous), adjective abundant, almsgiving, facultas ejus quod, cuique facere libet, nisi quod de
altruistic, ample, beneficent, benevolent, bounteous, boun- jure aut vi prohibetur. Liberty is a person’s natural power
tiful, charitable, copious, free, freely giving, generous, which permits one to do as he pleases. Libertas non re-
handsome, hospitable, humane, humanitarian, lavish, mag- cipit aestimationem. Freedom does not admit a valuation.
nanimous, munificent, munificus, openhanded, open-
hearted, philanthropic, plentiful, princely, prodigal, pro- LICENSE, noun accordance, allowance, approbation,
fuse, selfless, stintless, ungrudging, unselfish, unsparing, approval, assurance, authority, authorization, canation, cer-
unstinting tification, charter, clearance, confirmation, consent, copia,
empowerment, endorsement, enfranchisement, entitle-
LIBERAL (Not literal), adjective broad, enlarged, ex- ment, exception, fiat, formal permission, franchise, free-
tended, free from narrowness, general, imprecise, inexact, dom, grant, imprimatur, leave, liberty, permission, permit,
loose, open, unprecise, unrigorous, unstrict, wide, with li- potestas, power, prerogative, privilege, right, sanction, spe-
cense cial privilege, vouchsafement, warrant, written permission
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: liberal construction, liberal interpretation ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: assignment of a license, cancellation of
license, easement, issuance of license, patent license, per-
LIBERALITY, noun benefaction, beneficence, benefit, manent license, renewal of a license, revocation of license,
benevolence, charitableness, chivalry, clemency, generos- suspension of license
ity, generous giving, generous offering, generousness,
gratuity, habit of giving, kindness, lavishness, lenience, lib- LICENSE, verb allow, approve, authorize, certify, char-
eral-mindedness, magnanimity, munificence, open-hearted- ter, clothe with authority, clothe with power, confirm, em-
ness, philanthropy, reward, tolerance, unselfishness power, enable, endow, enfranchise, entitle, grant, invest,
permit, sanction, strengthen warrant
LIBERATE, verb acquit, affranchise, bail out, deliver, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: license fee, license tax, licensed to
discharge, disembroil, disengage, disenthrall, disimprison, practice law, professional licenses
dislodge, dismiss, emancipate, enfranchise, exculpate, ex-
onerate, extract, franchise, free, give freedom, give liberty LICENSEE, noun appointee, assignee, assignee in fact,
to, let go, let loose, let out, liberare, loose, manumit, consignee, donee, nominee, selectee, transferee
manumittere, open up, pardon, parole, redeem, release,
release from custody, rescue, separate, set at large, set at LICENSING OF RIGHTS, noun approval of rights, au-
liberty, set free, turn loose, unbind, unchain, undo, unfas- thority, formal authorization, formal permission, granting of
ten, unfetter, unloose, unshackle, untie, vindicate rights, sanctioning of use, warranted use

LIBERATED, adjective absolved, acquitted, affran- LICENSOR, noun appointer, assignor, consignor, nomi-
chised, cleared, delivered, discharged, disengaged, eman- nator, releasor, selector, transferor
cipated, exculpated, exonerated, extricated, free, freed,
liberal, pardoned, paroled, redeemed, released, sovereign, LICENTIOUS, adjective abandoned, aberrant, bawdy,
unbound, vindicated concupiscent, debauched, disorderly, dissipated, dissolute,
dissolutus, free, freethinking, immoral, impudicus, impure,
LIBERATION, noun absolution, achievement of liberty, indecent, indelicate, lascivious, lewd, libertine, libidinosus,
acquittal, acquittance, affranchisement, deliverance, deliv- loose, lubricous, lurid, nonconforming, obscene, profligate,
ery, discharge, disembroiling, disengagement, disenthrall- promiscuous, rakish, riotous, ruttish, scandalous, scarlet,
ment, disimprisonment, dislodgment, dismissal, emancipa- unchaste, uncontrolled, unconventional, uncurbed, undisci-
tion, enfranchisement, exculpation, exoneration, plined, ungoverned, unreined, unrestrained, unruly, vulgar,
franchisement, freedom, freeing, liberatio, manumissio, wanton, wild
manumission, pardon, parole, redemption, release, releas-
ing from custody, rescue, separation, unbinding, unchaining, LICIT, adjective according to edict, according to law,
unfettering, unshacking, untying, vindication admissible, allowable, allowed, authorized, chartered, con-
stitutional, in accordance with the law, judicatory, judicial,
LIBERTY, noun absence of foreign rule, absence of re- juridic, jurisprudent, jurisprudential, just, law-abiding, law-
straint, absence of servitude, affranchisement, autonomy, ful, lawlike, legal, legalized, legislated, legitimate, legitimus,
choice, clearance, deliverance, emancipation, enfranchisement, licensed, mandated, obedient, permissible, permitted, pre-
exemption from control, exemption from external con- scribed, proper, quod ex lege, right, rightful, sanctionable,
trol, exemption from restraint, franchise, free will, free- sanctioned, sound, statutable, statutory, unprohibited, up-
dom, freedom from captivity, freedom of action, freedom right, valid, warrantable, warranted, within the law
of choice, grant, independence, latitude, leave, liber, lib-
eration from foreign restraint, libertas, license, licentia, LID, noun cap, ceiling, cover, greatest number, limit,
noninterference, permission, political independence, maximum, most quantity, outer limit, outer restriction, roof,
power of choice, power to choose, prerogative, privilege, stop, top, top number
right, right of choice, sanction, self-determination, self-di- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: caps on awards
rection, self-government, unconstraint, uninhibitedness
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: abuse of liberty, civil liberty, depriva- LIE, noun calumny, deceit, deception, distortion, fabri-
tion of liberty, individual liberties, liberty of contract, liberty cation, false statement, falsehood, falsification, falsity, fal-
of free press, liberty of speech, personal liberty, political sum, fiction, fraud, intentional distortion, intentional exag-
liberty, religious liberty geration, intentional misstatement, intentional untruth,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Favorabilia in lege sunt fiscus, dos, invention, mendacity, mendacium, misrepresentation, mis-
vita, libertas. Favorites of the law are the treasury, dower, statement, perversion, prevarication, untruth
life, and liberty. Libertas inaestimabilis res est. Liberty is ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: defamation, libel, perjury, polygraph
a thing of inestimable value. Libertas est naturalis test, slander

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 LIGHT

LIE (Be sustainable), verb be allowable, be appropriate, LIFELESS (Dull), adjective apathetic, arid, banal, bar-
be available, be established, be evident, be fitting, be per- ren, benumbing, boring, characterless, colorless, common-
missible, be permitted, be possible, be proper, be suitable, place, deactivated, deadened, debilitated, dismal, dor-
be suited, be supportable, be warranted, exist, extend, stand mant, drearisome, dreary, dronish, dry, empty, exsanguis,
feeble, flat, frigidus, hebetudinous, inactive, indolent, inert,
LIE (Falsify), verb be dishonest, be untruthful, bear inexcitable, insensible, insipid, insulse, lackadaisical, lack-
false witness, belie, commit perjury, concoct, counterfeit, luster, laggard, languid, languourness, lazy, leaden, lethar-
deceive, delude, deviate from the truth, dissimulate, gic, lethargical, listless, lumpish, lusterless, monotonous,
equivocate, fable, fabricate, falsify, fib, fool, forswear, in- oscitant, passionless, passive, phlegmatic, pococurante,
vent, mentiri, misguide, misinform, mislead, misrepresent, producing boredom, producing ennui, prosaic, quiescent,
misstate, palter, perjure oneself, pervert, pretend, prevari- quiet, slothful, sluggish, somber, spiritless, stagnant, stale,
cate, represent falsely, swear falsely, tell a falsehood, tell stodgy, stupefied, supine, tame, tedious, tired, tiresome,
an untruth torpescent, torpid, trite, unactivated, unaroused, uncapti-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: false testimony, lie detector, perjury vating, unenlivened, unenterprising, unentertaining, unen-
thusiastic, unfeeling, unfertile, unimaginative, unimpas-
LIEN, noun charge, charge imposed on specific prop- sioned, uninspired, uninspiring, uninteresting, uninventive,
erty, claim, claim on property, debt, hold on property, hold unlively, unoriginal, unresponsive, unsparkling, unspirited,
upon the property of another, incumbrance, indebtedness, unvivid, usual, vapid, vegatating, vegetative, weak, weari-
indebtment, liability, obligation, pledge, property right, real some, wearying
security, right to enforce charge upon property, security,
security on property, stake LIFETIME, noun aetas, aevum, age, duration of life,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: agricultural lien, artisan’s lien, attorney’s epoch, era, generation, life, life span, life’s duration, period
lien, builder’s lien, carrier’s lien, common-law lien, concur- of existence, period of life, period of survival, season, span,
rent lien, contractor’s lien, discharge of lien, equitable lien, span of years, term, time, years of existence
factor’s lien, general lien, judgment lien, junior lien, land- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: life estate, pur autre vie, rule against
lord’s lien, mechanic’s lien, possessory lien, prior lien, prior- perpetuities
ity of a lien, statutory lien, superior lien, vendor’s lien
LIFT (Boost), noun accommodation, advancement, aid,
LIFE (Period of existence), noun anima, continuance, assist, assistance, auspices, backing, betterment, bliss, ela-
cycle, duration, endurance, existence, lastingness, lifetime, tion, encouragement, enhancement, exaltation, furtherance,
period, period of survival, span, survival, term, term of good turn, guidance, help, improvement, inspiration, main-
activity, term of effectiveness, time, time from birth to tenance, ministration, nurture, patronage, preferment, pro-
death, vita motion, rapture, relief, succor, support, sustenance, transport
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: life annuity, life estate, life expectancy, life
imprisonment, life insurance company, life interest, life tenant LIFT (Elevation), noun acclivity, advance, ascension, as-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Non nasci, et natum mori, paria sunt. cent, climb, crane, derrick, elevator, eminence, erection,
Not to be born, and to be born dead, are the same. La ley escalator, heave, height, hill, hoist, pickup, promotion, raise,
favour la vie d’un homme. The law favors human life. raising, rise, rising, slope, sphere, upgrade, upheaval, uplift,
vantage point, winch
LIFE (Vitality), noun activeness, activity, alacritas, alert-
ness, animation, ardor, breeziness, briskness, drive, dynamic LIFT (Boost), verb advance, aggrandize, ameliorate,
quality, dynamism, eagerness, effervescence, energy, enthu- benefit, buoy, elate, ennoble, exalt, give one a lift,
siasm, exuberance, fieriness, fire, impassionedness, intensity, heighten, improve, inspire, inspirit, promote, soar, support,
jocularity, jocundity, joviality, liveliness, lustiness, spirit, spir- take the load off one’s mind, uplift
itedness, sprightliness, verve, vigor, vim, vis, vivacity, zeal,
zest, zestfulness LIFT (Decontrol), verb free, liberate, lighten, release,
take off, unburden
LIFE SUPPORT, noun artificial maintenance of life, con-
tinuance of life through medical equipment, extension of life LIFT (Raise), verb acquit oneself of, appropriate, as-
by technological means, sustenance of life by artificial means cend, build, clear, come up or off, dignify, do a good turn,
Generally: being kept alive, fostering of life, life retention, elevate, enhance, erect, flush, grow, heave, help, hoist,
preservation of life, prolongation of existence leaven, liquidate, mount, pick up, pull, raise, rear, set on its
feet, take, take off, take up, transport, tug, upraise, uprear
LIFEBLOOD, noun animus, arterial blood, basic, basic
nutrition, driving force, essence of life, essential ingredient, LIFT (Steal), verb pilfer, purloin, snatch, swipe, thieve
force of life, foundation, fundamental, inspiration, inspirit-
ing force, inspiriting power, life essence, moving force, LIFT A BAN, verb abate, abolish, alleviate, annihilate,
raison d’etre, spirit, vital energy, vital flame, vital fluid, vital cancel, clear, delete, eliminate, eradicate, free, obliterate,
force, vital principle, vital spark, vital spirit obviate, omit, release, relieve, remove, suspend, take away,
withdraw
LIFELESS (Dead), adjective abrogated, annihilated, an- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: lift a ban on abortions, lift a ban on
nulled, at rest, bereft of life, breathless, cadaveric, cadaver- arms, lift a ban on funding, lift a ban on immigration
ous, canceled, deceased, defunct, demised, departed,
destitute of life, devoid of life, ended, exanimate, exani- LIGHT (Easy), adjective breezy, carefree, cushy, debo-
mus, expired, extinct, gone, impercipient, inanimate, in- nair, effortless, facile, lighthearted, manageable, not bur-
sensate, insensient, irrecoverable, late, null, passed away, densome, not complex, not complicated, not difficult, not
passed on, perished, pulseless, quashed, repealed, unani- involved, nothing to it, painless, plain, simple, smooth,
mated, unfeeling, unrevived, void, without life straightforward, uncomplicated

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 LIGHT

LIGHT (Entertaining), adjective amusing, animated, expectance, expectancy, expectation, fair chance, fair pros-
beamish, bird-witted, blithe, blithesome, breezy, capricious, pect, favorable chance, favorable prospect, good chance,
carefree, changeable, cheerful, cheery, comical, debonair, de- good prospect, likeliness, plausibility, possibility, possible-
lighted, distracting, diverting, easygoing, elated, erratic, fickle, ness, potential, potentiality, probabilitas, probability, pros-
flighty, flyaway, free and easy, frivolous, gay, glad, gleeful, pect, reasonable chance, reasonable ground, reasonable
happy, happy as a lark, happy-go-lucky, humorous, impulsive, presumption, reasonable prospect, veri similitudo, well-
in good or high spirits, inconsequential, inconsiderable, incon- grounded hope, well-grounded possibility
stant, insouciant, irresponsible, jaunty, jocund, jolly, jovial,
joyful, jubilant, laughing, lighthearted, lively, mercurial, merry, LIKELY, adverb by all odds, doubtless, doubtlessly, in
mirthful, optimistic, out in left field, out to lunch, petty, pleas- all likelihood, in all probability, indubitably, more likely
ing, pleasurable, positive, recreative, riant, scatterbrained, than not, most likely, no doubt, presumably, presump-
skittish, smiling, sportive, sunny, superficial, trifling, trivial, tively, probably, undoubtedly, very likely, with almost a
unimportant, untroubled, upbeat, volatile, whimsical, witty certainty
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: likely to be reversed on appeal, likely
LIGHT (Weightless), adjective airy, buoyant, diluted, to prevail, likely to uphold the law, likely violates the law
feathery, floatable, floating, fluffy, light as a feather, light as
air, lighter than air, slender, slight, superficial, thin, thin- LIKE-MINDED, adjective agreeing, akin, allied, analo-
bodied, unsubstantial, watered down gous, cogeneric, coincident, commensurate, congenial,
connate, connatural, consonant, correspondent, corre-
LIGHT (Daylight), noun crack of dawn, dawn, day, day- sponding, equivalent, homogenous, indistinguishable, kin,
break, daylight hours, daytime, starlight, sunbeam, sun- kindred, like, matching, of the same bent, of the same per-
light, sunrise, sunshine, sunup, visibility suasion, parallel, relatable, resembling, same, similar, syn-
onymous, twin, uniform
LIGHT (Illumination), noun beaming, brightness, bril- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: conspiracy, joint tortfeasors
liance, brilliancy, clearness, comprehension, effulgence,
emanation, flood of light, fluorescence, glare, gleam, gleam- LIKENESS, noun analogy, carbon copy, caricature, clone,
ing, glimmer, glitter, glow, glowing, incandescence, irradia- cloneness, comparability, conformity, counterpart, depiction,
tion, knowledge, lambency, lightness, luminescence, lumi- doppelganger, double, duplicate, duplication, facsimile, il-
nosity, luminous energy, luminousness, luster, openness, lustration, image, look-alike, match, mirror image, parallel,
publicity, radiance, radiation, sheen, shine, shining, sparkle, parallelism, parity, photograph, portrait, replica, representa-
sunlight, understanding tion, resemblance, ringer, semblance, silhouette, similitude,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: evidence coming to light, shine the sketch, spitting image, twin, two of a kind
light of law
LIMIT, noun ambit, border, bound, boundary, boundary
LIGHTEN, verb allay, alleviate, assuage, cut down, de- line, circumscriptio, circumscription, extreme boundary,
crease, disburden, disencumber, ease, ease up, have less final point, finis, fringe, frontier, furthest point, line of de-
weight, lessen, lessen the load, lessen the weight of, make marcation, outer edge, outer line, outer point, perimeter,
less burdensome, make lighter, mitigate, reduce, reduce rim, terminus, verge
the load of, reduce weight of, relieve, remove, temper, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: jurisdictional limit, territorial limit
unburden, unload
LIMIT, verb bind, bridle, check, circumscribe, circum-
LIKE, adjective akin, alike, allied to, analogous, ap- scribere, confine, constrain, constrict, contain, curb, deter,
proaching, approximate, close, cognate, common to, com- enclose, finire, hamper, hem in, hinder, hold back, impede,
parable, comparative, congeneric, congruous, equal, equiv- leash, modulate, narrow, proscribe, repress, restrain, re-
alent, identical, illustrative, imitative, implicatory, implying, strict, set bounds, suppress, terminare
inferential, near, not unlike, parallel, probable, related, rela-
tive, relevant, similar, resembling, suggestive of, symbolic, LIMITATION, noun barrier, block, circumscriptio, cir-
uniform, unique with cumscription, clause, condition, constraint, curb, demarca-
tion, determinatio, disallowance, prohibition, proscription,
LIKE, verb admire, affect, appreciate, be attracted to, provision, qualification, reservation, restraint, restriction,
be fond of, be partial to, befriend, care, care for, care to, specific confinement, specific curtailment, specification
choose, correlate, delight in, desiderate, desire, enjoy, es- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: alternative limitations, collateral
teem, fancy, feel inclined, find agreeable to one’s taste, find limitation, conditional limitation, contingent limitation,
convenient, have a mind to, hold in regard or affection, conveyance upon a limitation, estate upon a limitation,
please, regard with favor, relish, savor, take a fancy to, take executory limitation, limitation of actions, limitation of
pleasure in, think fit, want, welcome, wish damages, limitation of liability, limitation of time, limitation
of warranties, limitation over, public debt limitation, special
LIKE-KIND, adjective alike, analogous, another of limitation, statute of limitations, tax limitation, words of
similar quality, close copy, close imitation, close match, limitation
close reproduction, commensurable, comparable, compar-
ative, comparison, correlative, correspondent, equal, LIMITED, adjective angustus, bounded, brevis,
equivalent, identical, like, near, of equal quality, parallel, checked, circumscribed, circumscriptive, confined, confin-
related, relive, replicate, similar, sister, twin ing, constricted, controlled, cramped, curbed, definite, en-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: exchanges of like-kind properties, closed, fixed, hampered, impeded, insular, narrow, parvus,
property of like-kind, quality of like-kind prescribed, restrained, restricted, stinted
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: limited agency, limited by law, limited
LIKELIHOOD, noun anticipation, chance, conceivability, guaranty, limited jurisdiction, limited partnership, limited
conceivableness, confident expectation, excellent prospect, waiver of immunity, limited warranty

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LIMITING, adjective checking, circumscribing, close fused, grouped, hitched, hooked, identified, integrated,
fitting, confining, constricting, containing, curbing, ham- interconnected, interlinked, interlocked, intermeshed,
pering, hindering, impeding, repressing, restraining, re- joined, likened, lumped together, related, strung together,
stricting, restrictive, stinting, suppressing tied together, united, welded, yoked

LIMITS, noun amplitude, area, boundary, bounds, ca- LIQUID (Changeableness), noun convertibleness, flu-
pacity, configuration, confines, dimensions, extremity, ency, fluidity, fluidness, liquidness, ready to be converted
frontiers, limitations, metes and bounds, outlines, perime- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: liquid debt, liquid funds
ters, premises, purview, range, reach, scope
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: basis jurisdiction, jurisdiction of the LIQUID (Fluid), noun damp solution, fluid, fluidic solu-
courts, limited jurisdiction, monetary jurisdiction tion, liquefied solution, moist solution, solvent, watery
substance, wet substance
LINE (Ancestry), noun arrangement, avenue, beat,
birth, blood, bloodline, channel, communication, course, LIQUIDATE (Convert into cash), verb cash in, change into
derivation, descent, direction, dispatch, drift, epistle, fam- cash, change into money, conclude, distribute assets, ex-
ily, stock, genealogy, heredity, idea, lane, letter, lineage, change for money, finish, realize in cash, redeem, sell, sell
method, missive, nature, note, origin, parentage, path, assets, terminate, terminate business affairs, turn into money
progeny, race, railroad, road, route, scheme, sort, succes- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: liquidated account, liquidating trust,
sion, system, tendency, track, trail, transportation, way liquidation of assets, trustees in liquidation
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: descendant, direct line, maternal line,
paternal line LIQUIDATE (Determine liability), verb adjust, ascertain
liability, ascertain the amount of indebtedness, ascertain the
LINE (Business), noun activity, airline, avocation, bus balance due, assemble and apportion assets, cancel debts,
line, calling, career, chain, employment, livelihood, mer- determine the amount of indebtedness, discharge, dis-
chandise, occupation, profession, pursuit, specialization, charge a liability, discharge debts, dispose of, extinguish
specialty, stock in trade, undertaking, vocation, work indebtedness, make restitution, meet payments, pay, pay
and settle, pay debts, satisfy, settle, settle accounts with
LINEAGE, noun ancestors, ancestry, antecedents, blood the debtors and creditors
relatives, bloodline, clan, descent, extraction, family, folk, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: liquidated claim, liquidated damages,
forebears, forefathers, genealogy, gens, genus, line, line of liquidated debt, liquidated demand
descent, origin, origo, parentage, progenitors, stirps
LIS PENDENS, noun filed notice, notice of an action,
LINEUP, noun arrangement, arrangement with a poten- notice of pending suit, notice of right, notice on file
tial defendant, configuration with the defendant, file, for-
mation with the defendant, grouping, line to identify the LIST, noun accounting, an account, archive, arrange-
criminal, line with a potential defendant, line with the likely ment, catalog, directory, docket, enumeration, file, index,
suspect, order, parade, police lineup, queue, showing, inventory, itemization, listing, manifest, overview, record,
showing of criminal defendants, showing of criminals for register, specific delineation, specific listing, summary, tally
inspection and identification, showing of possible suspects, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: court calendar, docket
showing of suspected criminals, stage arrangement con-
taining the guilty party LISTEN, verb ausculate, be attentive, concentrate on,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: double-blind lineup, prejudicial and give one’s attention to, hark, hear, hearken, heed, inter-
overly suggestive lineup, show-up cept, listen in, monitor, obey, overhear, pick up

LINK, noun affiliation, alliance, association, bond, LISTLESS, adjective absent, abstracted, apathetic, be-
bridge, chain, connection, connective, contact, coupler, numbed, careless, despondent, disinterested, distant, dor-
coupling, go-between, interconnection, intermediary, in- mant, dreamy, dull, exanimate, faineant, faint, heedless, idle,
termedium, intersection, joint, juncture, kinship, liaison, impassive, inactive, inanimate, inattentive, incurious, indif-
linkage, medium, member, nexus, privity, propinquity, re- ferent, indolent, inert, inexpressive, insipid, insouciant, lack-
lation, relationship, tie, union, vinculum, weld ing zest, lackadaisical, lackluster, laggard, languid, lethargic,
lifeless, nonchalant, oblivious, otiose, pepless, phlegmatic,
LINK, verb ally, anastomose, appertain, associate, at- slack, sluggish, spiritless, stagnant, supine, torpid, uncon-
tach, band, bind, bridge, combine, commingle, conjoin, cerned, uninterested
connect, consolidate, contact, couple, engage, fasten, fuse,
fix, identify with, implicate, inosculate, interconnect, join, LITERACY, noun education, bookishness, culture, edifi-
knot, marry, merge, relate, unite, span, tie, touch, yoke cation, enlightenment, erudition, intelligence, knowledge,
learning, literacy, reading, scholarship, wisdom
LINKAGE, noun affiliation, affinity, alliance, associa- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: literacy laws
tion, bond, coalescence, combination, concatenation, con-
fluence, conjugation, conjunction, connection, coupling, LITERAL, adjective accurate, authentic, careful, close,
hookup, interconnection, intersection, joinder, joining, correct, exact, factual, faithful, faultless, meticulous, pre-
junction, juncture, linking, marriage, meeting, relationship, cise, rigid, scrupulous, strict, textual, to the letter, true, true
tie, tie-up, union, weld to fact, truthful, unchanged, uncorrupted, undeviating, un-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: evidence, link to a crime distorted, unembroidered, unerring, unexaggerated, un-
figurative, ungarbled, unmetaphorical, unvaried, unvar-
LINKED, adjective affiliated, associated, cemented, nished, veracious, verbatim, without exaggeration,
coalesced, combined, compared, concatenated, conju- word-for-word
gated, connected, corded together, coupled, equated, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: literal interpretation

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 LITERAL MEANING

LITERAL MEANING, noun accurate meaning, correct legal battle, legal contest, legal dispute, legal matter, legal
meaning, defined meaning, definition, distinct meaning, proceeding, legal remedy, matter, proceeding, suit, suit at
exact meaning, explanation, explicit meaning, express law, trial, wrangling
meaning, faithful meaning, inflexible meaning, methodical ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: appellate proceedings, civil proceed-
meaning, meticulous meaning, narrow meaning, not sub- ings, collateral proceedings, common-law proceedings,
ject to interpretation, ordinary meaning, plain meaning, criminal proceedings, frivolous litigation, plenary proceed-
precise meaning, prescribed meaning, rigid meaning, rig- ings, special proceedings, summary proceedings, supple-
orous meaning, sharply defined, significance, specific mental proceedings
meaning, strict meaning, unbending meaning, uncompro-
mising meaning, unequivocal meaning LITIGATOR, noun appointed counsel, attorney, co-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: construction, literal contract, literal counsel, counsel, counsel representing a party, lead coun-
proof plain meaning rule, rules of statutory, soft plain sel, legal adversary, legal opponent, litigating attorney, liti-
meaning rule, textualism gation counsel, of counsel, opposing counsel, retained
counsel
LITERALLY, adverb correctly, definitely, distinctly, ex-
actly, explicitly, expressly, precisely, rigidly, rigorous, simi- LITIGIOUS, adjective actionable, aggressive, antago-
larly, specifically, unambiguously, uncompromisingly, un- nistic, arguing, argumental, argumentative, at variance,
equivocally, unerringly bellicose, belligerent, combative, conflicting, contentious,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: laws read literally, strict construction contested, contrary, controversial, controvertible, debat-
able, disagreeing, discordant, disposed to controversy,
LITERATE, adjective accomplished, apprised, aware, con- disputable, disputatious, disputative, dissentious, eristic,
versant, cultivated, cultured, disciplined, educated, enlight- eristical, exceptious, fighting, given to disputation, hostile,
ened, enriched, erudite, having formal education, informed, inimical, irreconcilable, litigatory, litigiosus, militant, of-
intellectual, knowing, knowledgeable, learned, lettered, liter- fensive, open to debate, open to question, opposing, po-
ary, polished, practiced, proficient, qualified, sapient, scholarly, lemic, polemical, pugnacious, quarrelsome, querulous,
scholastic, schooled, skilled, studied, studious, trained, well- unpeaceful, warlike
educated, well-informed, well-read, well-taught, widely read ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: barratry

LITERATURE, noun belles lettres, books, classics, infor- LITTLE, adjective abbreviated, cursory, diminutive, few,
mation, letters, literary output, papers, printed word, pub- fleeting, immaterial, inadequate, inappreciable, inconse-
lication, reading matter, store of knowledge, treatises, quential, inconsiderable, inessential, inferior, insignificant,
work, works, writings, written language, written word insubstantial, insufficient, Lilliputian, limited, meager,
minor, minute, negligible, nonessential, paltry, petty, scant,
LITIGABLE, adjective actionable, appealable, arguable, slight, slim, sparse, superficial, trivial, unessential, unim-
argumentative, capable of being debated, confutable, con- portant, unimpressive
testable, controversial, controvertible, disputable, in dis- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: little-known law, little law
pute, justiciable, refutable
LITTLE-KNOWN, adjective abstract, abstruse, arcane,
LITIGANT, noun adversary, adverse party, appellant, concealed, cryptic, dark, enigmatic, esoteric, hidden, mys-
appellee, claimant, complainant, contender, contestant, terious, mystic, mystical, nebulous, obscure, perplexing,
controversialist, correspondent, cross-complainant, cross- profound, puzzling, recondite, secret, shrouded in mystery
defendant, defendant, disputant, intervenor, legal adver-
sary, legal opponent, litigationist, litigator, opponent, op- LITTORAL, adjective beach, beachfront, coastal, coast-
ponent in a lawsuit, party, party to a lawsuit, party to a legal land, lakeside, riparian, seaboard, seacoast, seashore, sea-
action, party to a proceeding, party to a suit, party to an side, tidewater, waterfront, waterside
action, party to legal proceeding, petitioner, plaintiff, re-
spondent, suitor, the defense LIVE (Conscious), adjective animate, animated, breath-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: public interest litigant law, vexatious ing, endowed with life, existent, existing, full of life, grow-
litigant law ing, imbued with life, incarnate, living, mortal, quick, viable,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Litigare. To litigate. vital

LITIGATE, verb altercate, appeal to the law, assert in LIVE (Existing), adjective abiding, continued, continu-
court, bring action against, bring an action, bring suit, bring ing, enduring, existent, extant, intact, lasting, ongoing,
to the bar, bring to trial, carry on a lawsuit, contend, contest perduring, persevering, persisting, progressing, remain-
in court, contest in law, go into litigation, institute legal ing, staying, surviving, sustained, unceasing, unchecked,
proceedings, litigare, prefer a claim, press in court, pursue undestroyed, unended, unfading, unfailing, unreversed,
in court, seek legal redress, start a lawsuit, start an action, unrevoked, unstopped
sue, take to court, urge in court ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: live cause of action

LITIGATING COUNSEL, noun appointed counsel, at- LIVELIHOOD, noun business, calling, career, craft,
torney, cocounsel, counsel, counsel representing a party, employment, enterprise, job, keep, line of work, living,
legal adversary, legal counsel, legal opponent, legal repre- maintenance, means, occupation, position, profession, pur-
sentative, litigating attorney, litigation attorney, litigation suit, resources, situation, source of income, subsistence,
counsel, litigator, retained counsel support, sustainment, sustenance, trade, undertaking, ven-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: vexatious litigation laws ture, victus, vocation, work

LITIGATION, noun action, case, cause, controversy, LIVID, adjective angry, disgusted, enraged, frantic,
disputation, dispute, judicial contest, lawsuit, legal action, frenzied, fuming, furious, hostile, inflamed, infuriated,

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 LOCATE

ireful, offended, offensive, outraged, raging, storming, deplorable, despicable, detestable, disagreeable, disgusting,
tempestuous, tumultuous, turbulent disliked, dissatisfactory, distasteful, distressing, dreadful,
execrable, foedus, forbidding, foul, frightful, fulsome, ghastly,
LIVING (Alive), noun activity, animal existence, anima- hateful, heinous, hellish, hideous, horrible, horrid, insuffer-
tion, being alive, breathing, existence, existing, having life, able, intolerable, invidious, irritating, loathful, mean, nasty,
respiring, subsisting, surviving, vitality nauseating, nauseous, objectionable, obnoxious, odious, of-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: assisted living laws, living and cohabi- fensive, opprobrious, painful, putrid, rancid, rank, repellent,
tating together, living trust, living will repelling, reprehensible, repugnant, repulsive, revolting,
shocking, sickening, taeter, terrible, ugly, unbearable, unde-
LIVING (Occupation), noun area, career, discipline, do- sirable, unendurable, unpalatable, unpleasant, unsavory, vile
main, field, livelihood, maintenance, means of living, niche,
profession, province, realm, specialty sphere, subsis- LOBBY, noun active partisans, active reformers, active
tence, trade supporters, activists, advocates, agitators, influencers,
influential persons, persuaders, petitioners, pressure group,
LIVING QUARTERS, noun abode, accommodations, ad- reformers, special interest group, special interests, zealous
dress of residency, apartment, domicile, dwelling, habitation, advocates
home, house, housing, location of residency, lodging, lodg-
ment, place, place of residency, residence, residency, shelter LOBBY, verb actively represent, actuate, advance,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: closing, commercial leases, recording, arouse, bring pressure to bear, defend, effect, encourage,
residential leases enlist, espouse, exercise influence, exert influence, exert
pressure, incline, induce, influence, inspirit, instigate, moti-
LIVING WILL, noun an instrument prescribing care in vate, negotiate, personally solicit, persuade, press, pres-
life-threatening situations, an instrument preventing med- sure, procure, promote, provoke, pull strings, put pressure
ical life support to sustain life, an instrument to refuse care on, represent, request, solicit, solicit votes, sway, urge, use
through medical life support, instructions for care when one’s influence, work on
the patient has a terminal illness, instructions for care ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: lobbyists, registration laws, special in-
when the patient has an incurable disease, instructions for terest groups
care when the patient has an incurable illness, instructions
for care when the patient has an incurable injury LOBBYIST, noun active partisan for, active supporter,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: durable power of attorney, euthanasia activist, advocate, agent, government affairs executive,
government affairs representative, influencer, influential
LOAD, verb burden, cram, cumber, fill, fill up, flood, agent, legislative representative, peddler of influence, per-
freight, inundate, lade, make heavy, mass, onerare, onus suader, reformer, representative, retained agent, special
imponere, pack, pile, put aboard, put goods in, put on interest representative
board, saddle, shower upon, stack, steeve, store, stow, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: disclosure ethics, law disclosure, lob-
stuff, take on cargo, weigh down, weight byist law, lobbyist registration

LOAN, noun accommodation, advance, advancement, LOCAL, adjective adjacent, adjoining, civic, close, dis-
aid, allotment, assistance, backing, commodare, credit, trict, divisional, domestic, limited, localized, municipal,
dole, entrustment, extension of credit, financing, funding, native, near, nearby, neighborhood, provincial, regional,
grant, imprest, moneys borrowed, mutuum, pledge, res restricted, sectional, subdivisional, surrounding, territorial
commodata, stake, stipend, subsidy, sum entrusted, sum of ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: local act, local action, local agent, local
money borrowed, sum of money lent, temporary accom- application, local assessment, local authorities, local bill,
modation, time payment, trust local concern, local improvement, local law, local rules
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bond, building loan, construction loan,
continuing loan, discount, excessive loan, forbearance, gra- LOCALE, noun address, area, district, domain, domi-
tuitous loan, loan association, loan broker, loan value of a cile, environs, exact location, geographic location, geo-
policy, mortgage, secured loan, simple loan, stock loan, graphic place, habitat, home, location, neighborhood,
temporary loan, unpaid loan, usurious loan, usury laws place, precise location, region, scene, seat, sector, site,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Creditorum appellatione non hi tan- spot, territory, venue
tum accipiuntur qui pecuniam crediderunt, sed omnes
quibus ex qualibet causa debetur. Under the head of LOCALITY, noun address, area, bearings, demesne,
“creditors” are included, not only those who have lent district, domain, environment, environs, habitat, locale, loca-
money, but all to whom from any cause a debt is owing. tion, locus, neighborhood, pale, place, position, province,
purlieus, quarter, region, scene, seat, section, sector, site,
LOAN, verb accommodate, advance, allow, extend credit, situation, situs, spot, station, surroundings, terrain, terri-
furnish funds, give, lend, permit to borrow, supply funds tory, venue, vicinage, vicinity, whereabouts, zone

LOATHE, verb abhor, be repulsed by, detest, dislike, LOCATE, verb ascertain a position, assign to a place,
dislike intensely, harbor hostility toward, harbor ill will to- bring to light, come upon, define limits, define location, de-
ward, hate, have a strong distaste toward, have animus lineate, demarcate, deposit, designate a place, detect, dis-
toward, have antagonism toward, have antipathy toward, cern, discover, discover by search, discover by survey, dis-
have aversion to, have enmity toward, have ill feeling to- cover the location of, discover the place of, establish,
ward, have malevolence toward, possess hostility toward expose, ferret out, find, fix the position, house, install, lodge,
make a place for, map out, move to, park, pinpoint, place,
LOATHSOME, adjective abhorrent, abject, abominable, position, put, put in place, quarter, reveal, search out, select
accursed, annoying, appalling, atrocious, base, below con- boundaries, set, set in place, settle, situate, station, stumble
tempt, beneath contempt, blameworthy, contemptible, on, take up abode, trace, track down, uncover, unearth

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LOCATION, noun area, demesne, district, environ- LODGE A COMPLAINT, noun accuse, blame, bring a
ment, fixation, locale, locality, locus, neighborhood, place, suit, bring an action, bring charges, bring proceedings
placement, plot, point, position, post, purlieus, quarter, against, bring up on charges, challenge, charge with, cite,
region, scene, section, site, spot, station, territory, vicinage, complain of, criminate, file a charge, file a claim, file a suit,
vicinity, zone implicate, impose blame upon, impose responsibility on,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: domicile, residency, venue impute, incriminate, inculpate, inform against, institute a
lawsuit, make an accusation, prefer charges
LOCK, verb arrest, attach, band, bar, barricade, block,
blockade, bolt, cage, catch, cement, check, cinch, clasp, LODGER, noun addressee, boarder, denizen, deversor,
close, close fast, concludere, confine, connect, couple, curb, dweller, habitant, indweller, inhabitant, inhabiter, inmate,
cut off, dam, encircle, enclose, enthrall, entwine, fasten, inquilinus, leaseholder, lessee, occupant, occupier, pos-
fuse, glue, grapple, hamper, hinder, hold, immobilize, im- sessor, rent payer, renter, resident, residentiary, resider,
mure, impede, impound, imprison, incarcerate, inhibit, roomer, sojourner, tenant, termor, transient
intern, jail, join, link, lock up, make fast, make insaperable,
obserere, obstruct, occlude, padlock, pen, prohibit, put LODGING, noun abode, accommodation, address,
behind bars, restrain, restrict, seal, secure, shackle, shut apartment, asylum, berth, billet, chambers, deversorium,
out, shut up, stop, trap, unite, weld, yoke deverticulum, domicile, dormitory, dwelling, dwelling
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: lockout place, habitat, habitation, harbor, home, housing, inhabit-
ance, inhabitancy, living place, lodging place, lodgment,
LOCK UP, verb apprehend, arrest, bar, bind, capture, meritoria, place of residence, place of rest, protection,
catch, commit, confine, constrict, detain, gate, hamper, quarters, refuge, residence, rooms, shelter
hinder, immure, impede, impound, imprison, incarcerate,
jail, remand to jail, repress, restrain, restrict, shut, suppress LOFTY, adjective august, cavalier, celebrated, celestial,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: sentencing, sentencing guidelines dignified, distinguished, elevated, eminent, enhanced, es-
teemed, exalted, exalted ideal, fabled, famous, far-reach-
LOCKOUT, noun barring out, cessation of employment, ing, heavenly, heightened, high, high intellectual values,
cessation of the furnishing of work, close-out, coercive re- high score value, honorable, illustrious, immortal, kingly,
fusal to furnish work, employer work stoppage, exclusion of leading, legendary, lordly, magisterial, magnificent, majes-
workers, nonadmission of employees, preclusion of work, tic, noble, notable, noted, predominant, preeminent,
refusal to furnish work, repudiation of employment, stop- princely, prominent, raised, renowned, respected, revered,
page of work, temporary closing, work stoppage soaring, venerable
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: strike ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: lofty goals, lofty ideals, lofty plans

LOCO PARENTIS, adverb as a substitute for a parent, LOGIC, noun analytic, analytical, argument, argumen-
as an alternative for a parent, in place of a parent, instead tation, art of controversy, art of disputation a, chain of rea-
of a parent soning, cogent, common sense, course of argument,
course of thought, deduction, dialectic, dialectical, dialec-
LOCUS, noun bailiwick, demesne, emplacement, envi- tics, explanation, good sense, inference, line of reasoning,
ronment, ground, locale, locality, location, place, place- logical reasoning, method of reasoning, philosophical, phi-
ment, position, region, site, situs, territory losophy, polemics, process of reasoning, ratiocination, ra-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Locus crontractus, locus criminis. The tional, rationalization, reason, reasoned, reasoning, science
place of the crime. Locus delecti. The place of the of- of reasoning, sense, sound judgment, sound reasoning,
fense. Locus partitus. A place divided. Locus reisitae. A thought process, wisdom
place where something is situated. ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: laws of logic, logical relevancy

LODGE (Bring a complaint), verb accuse, bring a case, LOGICAL, adjective analytic, analytical, cogent, coher-
bring a suit, bring accusation, bring an action against, bring ent, consistent, deductive, dialectic, dialectical, inductional,
charges against, bring proceedings against, bring to justice, inductive, philosophical, ratiocinative, ratiocinatory, ratio-
bring to the bar, bring to trial, bring up on charges, call to nal, reasonable, reasoned, sound
account, cast blame upon, charge with, file a claim, file a
suit, fix the blame for, incriminate, inculpate, place the LOITER, verb be idle, be vagrant, hang around, idle,
blame for, prefer charges, prosecute linger, move aimlessly, pass time in idleness, poke, stand
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: lodge a criminal complaint around, tarry, wander aimlessly
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: vagrancy
LODGE (House), verb afford sanctuary, assign to lodg-
ings, bed, berth, domicile, find a place for, find room for, LONE, adjective alone, deserted, exclusive, first and
furnish room for, furnish with quarters, garrison, harbor, hos- last, individual, isolated, lonesome, one and only, only,
pitio excipere, hostel, install, locate, make a place for, park, single, singular, sole, solitary, unique
place, put, quarter, screen, shield, situate, station, supply ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: lone dissenter
accommodations for
LONG (Delayed), adjective continued, day after day,
LODGE (Reside), verb abide, board, camp, deversari, dilatory, dragged out, drawn out, endless, enduring,
devertere, domicile, dwell, encamp, establish oneself, in- eternal, forever and a day, hour after hour, interminable,
habit, live, locate oneself, make one’s home at, place, long drawn-out, marathon, overlong, perpetual, pro-
quarter, remain, reside, rest, set up housekeeping, settle, longed, protracted, sustained delay, unending delay,
sleep at, sojourn, squat, station, stay, stop, take lodgings, without end
take rooms, take up quarters, take up residence in, tarry, FOREIGN PHRASES: Longa possession jus parit. Long posses-
tenant sions begets what is right.

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 LOOPHOLE

LONG (Lengthy), adjective boundless, broad, contin- perpetual, persistent, persisting, prolonged, protracted,
ued, day after day, deep, distant, elongate, elongated, recognized, recurring, remaining, rooted, steadfast, sus-
endless, enduring, eternal, expanded, expansive, ex- tained, time-honored, traditional, tried-and-true, true-
tended, extensive, faraway, far-off, far-reaching, far-seeing, blue, unabating, unfading, venerable
forever and a day, great, hour after hour, interminable, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: longstanding law, longstanding policy
large, lasting, lengthened, limitless, lofty, outstretched,
perpetual, remote, spread out, stretched out, stretching, LOOK (Complexion), noun appearance, aspect, bearing,
sustained, unending, widespread, without end cast, color, complexion, condition, configuration, counte-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: long arm of the law, long-term nance, demeanor, deportment, fashion, feature, figure,
front, general aspect, guise, idea, impression, manner,
LONG AND SHORT OF IT, noun analysis, assessment mien, presence, quality, seeming, semblance, shape, show,
bottom line, conclusion, essence, essential parts, evalua- thought
tion, immediate answer, immediate assessment, pro or ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: first look
con, professional opinion, quick answer, quick assess-
ment, quick determination, result, solution, upshot LOOK (Sight), noun contemplation, gaze, glimpse,
glower, inspection, observance, reconnaissance, regard,
LONG-ARM JURISDICTION, noun jurisdiction of the survey, view, vision
court, jurisdiction over foreigners, jurisdiction over out-of-
state defendants, personal jurisdiction over nondomicili- LOOK, verb attend, be a spectator, be cautious of, be
aries, personal jurisdiction over nonresident defendant, closely observant, be on guard, be on the lookout for, be-
sufficient jurisdiction hold, contemplate, examine, explore, eye, gaze at, inspect,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: long-arm statute keep under observation, look at, monitor, note, notice, ob-
serve, pay attention to, peer, perceive, regard, scrutinize,
LONG-DRAWN (Protracted), adjective delayed, dil- see, sport, stare, stare at, study, superinted, survey, tend,
atory, enduring, eternal, forever and a day, lengthy, linger- view, visualize, watch, witness
ing, long, long-lived, long-winded, meandering, overlong, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: a free look, cancellation in insurance
perpetual, prolonged, roundabout, tedious, unending,
without end LOOK INTO, verb ask about, check, delve into, dig
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: long-drawn-out trials into, evaluate, examine, explore, inquire, inquire into,
inspect, investigate, look up, observe, poke into, probe,
LONG-DRAWN (Verbose), adjective garrulous, lengthy, pursue, research, review, scrutinize, search, search into,
lingering, long-winded, loquacious, meandering, orotund, study
overlong, prolix, prolonged, repetitious, roundabout, te- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: criminal investigation, grand jury in-
dious, unending vestigation
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: plain language
LOOK OVER, verb analyze, check thoroughly, edit,
LONG-LASTING, adjective abiding, anchored, con- examine, go over, inspect, make corrections, make im-
stant, dependable, durable, enduring, established, fas- provements, provide suggested changes, provide sug-
tened, firm, fixed, immovable, impervious, lasting, perdu- gested edits, recheck, reexamine, review, revise, reword,
rable, perduring, permanent, persistent, riveted, robust, rewrite, scrutinize, to examine in a cursory way, to exam-
rooted, secure, soldered, sound, stable, stationary, steady, ine swiftly
stout, strong, substantial, tenacious, tough, unshakable
LOOK UP, verb delve into, explore, ferret through, find,
LONGANIMITY, noun composure, control, endurance, gain, go to see, inquire into, look into, pry, pursue, re-
forbearance, forgiveness, forgivingness, fortitude, imper- search, scrutinize, search for, search thoroughly, seek out,
turbation, indulgence, inexcitability, lenience, leniency, study, track down
magnanimity, optimism, pardon, patience, patient endur- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: legal research
ance, perseverance, placability, placidity, refusal to be
provoked, resignation, self-control, stamina, steadiness, LOOMING (Becoming visible), adjective appearing, as-
stoicism, submission, sufferance, temperance, tenacity, cending, ascertainable, becoming clear, coming into view,
tolerance, toleration, tranquility, understanding coming to light, coming to the fore, emerging, impending,
materializing, menacing, mounting, noticeable, revealing
LONGEVITY, noun advancement, age, continuance, itself, rising, showing itself, surfacing, threatening, tower-
continuation, durability, durableness, duration, elderli- ing, visible
ness, endurance, furtherance, great span of life, lasting-
ness, length of life, long life, longlivedness, maintenance, LOOMING (Menacing), adjective admonitory, brew-
old age, oldness, perpetuation, persistence, prolonga- ing, dangerously, foreboding, hanging over, hovering over,
tion, protraction, seniority, surviorship, survival, surviv- ill-omened, impending, ominous, portentous, precariously
ance, years lingering, threatening, with a black cloud overhead
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: looming battle in Congress, looming
LONGSTANDING, adjective abiding, acknowledged, lawsuits
admitted, aged, ancient, antique, chronic, constant, con-
tinuing, continous, customary, deep-rooted, deep- LOOPHOLE, noun alternative, aperture, contrivance,
seated, durable, enduring, established, fixed, habitual, device, escape clause, escape hatch, escape valve, eva-
hallowed, handed down, immemorial, immutable, in- sion, exception, excuse, expedient, foramen, means of
born, inbred, ingrained, inveterate, lasting, legendary, escape, mechanism for evasion, opening, outlet, saving
lingering, long-established, long-lasting, long-lived, clause, uncommunicativeness, vehicle for escape, way of
long-term, of long duration, of long standing, perennial, escape, way out

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 LOOSE

LOOSE (Disconnected), adjective detached, free, freed, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: actual loss, allowable loss, business
liberated, separate, suggestive, unattached, unbound, un- loss, capital loss, cause of loss, consequential loss, con-
chained, unclasped, unconnected, unfastened, unlatched, structive total loss, damages, deductible, direct loss, finan-
unlocked, unrestrained, untethered, untied cial loss, guaranty funds, indemnification, involuntary
losses, irreparable loss, loss of bargain, loss of earnings,
LOOSE (Inexact), adjective abstruse, careless, circu- loss of life, loss of profits, loss of services, loss payable
itous, confused, cursory, decumbent, deviative, discon- clause, loss reserves, measure of damages, net loss, oper-
nected, discursive, disjointed, erratic, free, heedless, inac- ating loss, out-of-pocket loss, pecuniary loss, permanent
curate, indefinite, inexact, lax, lecherous, liberal, licentious, loss, profit and loss, recovery of losses from bad debts,
muddled, obscure, open-ended, perfunctory, promiscuous, salvage loss
rambling, salacious, unexacting, vague, weak FOREIGN PHRASES: Nemo debet locupletari ex alterius in-
commodo. No one ought to gain by another’s loss. Fictio
LOOSEN (Ease up), verb abate, allay, alleviate, assuage, legis inique operatur alieni damnum vel injuriam.
decrease tension, diminish, ease, ease off, extricate, free, Fiction of law is wrongful if it works loss or harm to anyone.
lessen, let loose, let up, lighten, mitigate, moderate, palliate, Non omne damnum inducit injuriam. Not every loss
reduce, relax, release, relieve, soften, soften up, weaken produces an injury. Lex citius tolerare vult privatum
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: loosen a monopoly, loosen rules, damnum quam publicum malum. The law would rather
loosen the law tolerate a private loss than a public evil. Officium nemini
debet esse damnosum. An office ought to be injurious to
LOOSEN (Release), verb cut loose, detach, disjoin, ease, no one. Non videntur rem amittere quibus propria non
free, let go, let loose, let up, loosen, relax, relieve tension, fuit. Persons to whom a thing did not belong are not con-
unbind, unbolt, unbridle, unbuckle, undo, unfasten, unfet- sidered to have lost it.
ter, unlatch, unlock, unloosen, unshackle, untie
LOSS OF AFFECTION, noun cause of action, damages,
LOOT, verb abscond with, appropriate, break into, bur- deprivation of companionship, forfeiture of companionship,
glarize, carry off, defalcate, depredate, despoil, embezzle, loss of care, loss of companionship, loss of consortium, loss
forage, harry, lay waste, make off with, maraud, peculate, of passion
pilfer, pillage, pirate, plunder, prey upon, purloin, raid, ran- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: alienation of affection
sack, ravage, rifle, rob, sack, seize, spoil, spoliate, steal,
strip, take, thieve LOSS OF OPPORTUNITY, noun cost of removing from
use, deprivation, forfeiture, loss of availability, loss of
LOQUACIOUS, adjective babbling, blabbing, chatter- productivity, loss of prospective benefit, loss of readi-
ing, chatty, communicative, copious in speech, disposed to ness, loss of use, privation, removal, sacrifice
talk freely, effusive, exuberant, flatulent, fluent, gabby, gar- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: interference with contractual relations,
rulous, garrulus, glib, gushy, informative, jabbering, long- loss of opportunity doctrine
winded, longiloquent, loquax, noisy, prattling, profuse,
prolix, rambling, talkative, talking, tonguey, verbal, ver- LOSS OF REPUTATION, noun abasement, attaint,
bose, verbosus, vociferous, voluble, windy, wordy badge of infamy, bad reputation, bad repute, baseness,
black eye, black mark, blemish, debasement, defilement,
LOSE (Be deprived of), verb amittere, be deprived of, be degradation, derogation, discredit, disesteem, disfavor,
impoverished, be without, become poorer by, experience a disgrace, dishonor, disparagement, disrepute, exclusion
loss, fail to find, fail to keep, forfeit, forget, incur a loss, meet from favor, humiliation, ignominy, ill repute, infamy, inglo-
with a loss, mislay, misplace, miss, part with, sacrifice, riousness, obloquy, odium, opprobrium, reproach, scan-
squander, suffer a deprivation, suffer loss, waste dal, shame, shameful notoriety, stain, stigma, tarnish, tur-
pitude
LOSE (Undergo defeat), verb be confounded, be de- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: libel, slander
feated, be destroyed, be disappointed, be foiled, be frus-
trated, be humbled, be left behind, be outdistanced, be LOSS OF VALUE, noun contraction, debasement, de-
outvoted, be overthrown, be ruined, be thwarted, be un- clension, declination, decline, declivity, decrease, deflation,
successful, come in last, fail, fail to win, forfeit, go down in degeneration, depreciation, deterioration, devaluation,
defeat, succumb, suffer by comparison, suffer defeat, take a diminution, dwindling, losing ground, recession, regres-
beating, yield sion, retrenchment, retrogression, shrinking
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: lose a case ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: diminishment, inquest

LOSE BY DEFAULT, verb abrogate responsibilities, be LOST (Disoriented), adjective adrift, astray, baffled,
delinquent, be derelict, fail to answer, fail to appear, fail to befogged, befuddled, bemuddled, bewildered, confused,
meet one’s obligations, neglect, never answer the docket mystified, obfuscated, perplexed, puzzled, strayed, unable
call, omission, violation of duty to find the way, wandering, without bearings

LOSE GROUND, verb backsliding, backtrack, fail, fail to LOST (Taken away), adjective absent, annihilated,
keep up, fail to make progress, fail to progress, fall behind, confiscated, depleted, destroyed, dissipated, effaced,
lose footing, regression, return, reverse, slip, weaken a eliminated, eradicated, exhausted, exterminated, extin-
position guished, extirpated, forfeited, gone, gone to waste, hid-
den, irreclaimable, irrecoverable, irredeemable, irretriev-
LOSS, noun calamity, catastrophe, cost, damnum, de- able, irrevocable, mislaid, misplaced, missing, nowhere to
cline, decrement, deprivation, detrimentum, disaster, fail- be found, obliterated, obscured, out of sight, perished,
ure, forfeit, forfeiture, iactura, ill fortune, ill luck, misfor- sacrificed, squandered, taken, thrown away, vanished,
tune, privation, removal, ruin, sacrifice, waste wasted

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 LUDICROUS

LOST CAUSE, noun a defeated cause, abortion, bank- dilute, diminish, disbar, discount, dissipated, downgrade,
ruptcy, bomb, defeat, dereliction, downfall, flop, frustration, downplay, dropped, lessen, lesser, lowered, modify, palli-
hopeless situation, insolvency, losing game, malfunction, ate, pared down, play down, quell, relieve, remove, re-
misadventure, miscarriage, misstep, nonperformance, non- trench, scale down, smaller, soften, soothe, strip, subtract,
starter, nonsuccess, omission, terminal case, total loss, take away
waste of energies, waste of time
LOWEST (Far below), adjective all the way down, en-
LOT, noun parcel, part, piece, piece of ground, plot, tirely under, extremely far under, furthest down, inferior in
portion, small parcel of land, subdivision, tract position, rock-bottom, under, way down, way under
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: adjacent lots, block, building lot, con-
tiguous lots, partition of lots, vacant lot LOWEST (Least), adjective fewest, littlest, minimal,
shortest, slightest, smallest
LOTTERY, noun allotment by chance, bet, chance, draw,
drawing, gamble, game of chance, lot, raffle, sors, sortitio, LOYAL, adjective allegiant, beholden, biddable, bound,
sweepstake, wager bounden, committed, compliant, conscientious, constant,
dedicated, dependable, devoted, duteous, dutiful, faithful,
LOUD (Deafening), adjective big-voiced, blaring, blat- fast, fidelis, fidus, filial, firm, honorable, incorrupt, incor-
ting, blustering, boisterous, booming, brawling, clattery, ruptible, indebted, obedient, patriotic, pledged, reliable,
crashing, ear-piercing, ear-rending, ear-splitting, earth- resolute, slavish, staunch, steadfast, steady, tried, true,
shaking, emphatic, fulminating, grinding, head-splitting, truehearted, trustworthy, trusty, unbetraying, unbought,
howling, intense, jarring, loud-sounding, noisy, obstreper- unbribed, unchangeable, unchanging, undeviating, unfail-
ous, penetrating, piercing, powerful, pulsating, pulsing, ing, unimpeachable, uninfluenced, unperfidious, un-
raucous, rebounding, reechoing, repercussive, resonant, swayed, unswerving, untreacherous, unwavering, worthy
resounding, roaring, roiling, roistering, rollicking, shouting, of confidence
shrill, sounding, throbbing, thundering, thunderous, tumul- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: duty of loyalty, faithful performance,
tuous, vociferous loyalty oath, undivided loyalty

LOUD (Ostentatious), adjective blinding, brash, con- LOYALTY, noun adherence, adherency, allegiance, at-
spicuous, extravagant, flagrant, flaring, flashy, flaunting, tachment, bond, compliance, constancy, dedication, de-
garish, gaudy, glaring, intrusive, jazzy, loudmouthed, pendability, devotedness, devotion, duty, faithfulness,
lurid, meretricious, obtrusive, offensive, ornate, outlandish, fealty, fidelitas, fidelity, fides, good faith, group feeling,
out-of-place, outstanding, pronounced, rude, showy, snazzy, incorruptibility, obedience, reliability, single-minded-
spectacular, splashy, striking, tasteless, tawdry, vulgar ness, singleness of heart, stanchness, steadfastness,
submissiveness, support, troth, trueness, trustworthi-
LOVE (Affection), noun adoration, ardor, attachment, ness, zeal
attraction, cherishing, closeness, craving, crush, desire,
devotedness, devotion, emotion, enchantment, enjoy- LUCID, adjective apparent, articulate, certain, clear,
ment, esteem, fancy, fervor, flame, fondness, friendship, clear-cut, clear-minded, clear-thinking, clear-witted, clear-
infatuation, intimacy, like, liking, longing, mutual attrac- headed, comprehending, comprehensible, crystalline, di-
tion, passion, rapture, regard, sentiment, tender passion, aphanous, discerning, discriminating, distinct, effulgent,
tenderness, true love, wanting, warmth, weakness, evident, explicit, express, fulgid, illuminated, illumined,
yearning indisputable, intelligible, limpid, lucent, lucidus, luculent,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS : marriage ceremonies, same-sex manifest, nitid, obvious, overt, palpable, patent, pellucid,
marriages pellucidus, perceptive, perspicacious, perspicuous, per-
spicuus, plain, pronounced, rational, refulgent, responsible,
LOVE (Penchant), noun affection, avocation, consum- sagacious, sage, sane, sensible, simple, sober, sound,
ing interest, dedication, devotion, effort, inclination, inter- straightforward, transparent, unambiguous, undeniable,
est, likening for an interest, passion, predilection, pursuit, understandable, understood, undisguised, unequivocal,
relished interest, vocation, zest for an effort unmistakable, unquestionable

LOW (Ignoble), adjective deep, depraved, depressed, LUCK, noun advantageous outcome, chance, coinci-
flat, heinous, ignoble, inelegant, lamentable, minimal, dence, destiny, fate, fortuity, gamble, good break, good
nominal, odious, offensive, outrageous, poor, prone, scan- fortune, good luck, opportunity, positive results,
dalous, scarce, scurrilous, servile, subaltern, tainted, unele- serendipity
vated ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: gaming laws, moral luck

LOW (Nominal), adjective inconsiderable, inferior, in- LUCRATIVE, adjective accumulative, advantageous,
significant, meager, minimal, minimum, minute, modest, bearing revenue, beneficial, compensating, compensa-
negligible, nonsubstantial, reduced, unimportant, unsub- tory, contributive, fertile, fruitful, gainful, high-paying,
stantial invaluable, lucrosus, moneymaking, paying, productive,
profitable, quaestuosus, remunerative, rewardful, re-
LOWER (Below), verb bring down, bring low, decrease, warding, successful, useful, valuable, well-paying,
de-escalate, demote, descend, detrude, down further, worthwhile
drop, go down, go under, immerse, incline, less, lessen,
lesser, let down, lower level, push down LUDICROUS, adjective absurd, amusing, asinine, at
variance with the facts, barely possible, beyond belief,
LOWER (Reduce), verb cutback, declass, decrease, de- bizarre, comical, contrary to common sense, contrary to
flate, defrock, demote, depose, depreciate, devaluate, reason, crazy, derisible, doubtable, dubitable, eccentric,

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fallacious, fantastic, fantastical, farcical, fatuous, foolish, foolish, frenetic, frenzied, insane, insensate, irrational, mad,
funny, hard to believe, humorous, idiotic, implausible, maniacal, manic, mentally aberrant, mentally ill, mentally
impossible, inane, incongruous, inconsistent, incredible, unbalanced, nonsensical, obsessed, of unsound mind, out
irrational, laugh-provoking, laughable, nonsensical, odd, of one’s mind, out of one’s senses, possessed, raging, rant-
open to doubt, outlandish, peculiar, preposterous, queer, ing, raving, reasonless, senseless, touched, unhinged, un-
questionable, ridiculous, risible, senseless, silly, stagger- settled, wandering, wild
ing belief, strange, suspect, unbelievable, unconvincing,
unheard of, unreasonable, untenable, unthinkable, wild, LURE, noun allure, attractive nuisance, bait, dangerous
without reason conditions, draw, endangerment, enticement, inducement,
seducement, unprotected
LUGUBRIOUS, adjective cheerless, crestfallen, dark, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: attractive nuisance doctrine, specific
dejected, depressing, despondent, disconsolate, discour- conditions
aged, disheartened, dismal, dispirited, doleful, dolorous,
downcast, dreary, elegiac, flebilis, forbidding, forlorn, fu- LURE, verb adlicere, allure, attract, bait, beguile, be-
nereal, gloomy, glum, grieving, heavyhearted, joyless, witch, bribe, cajole, captivate, charm, coax, court, decoy,
low-spirited, lugubris, melancholy, miserable, morose, draw on, entice, hold out allurement, hold out temptation,
mournful, piteous, plaintive, sad, saturnine, somber, sor- induce, inlicere, inveigle, pellicere, provoke desire, seduce,
rowful, tearful, unhappy, weary, woebegone, woeful, tantalize, tempt
wretched
LURID, adjective appalling, caliginosus, coarse, disgust-
LULL, noun abatement, armistice, break, breather, ing, exaggerated, extreme, fulsome, ghastly, glaringly vivid,
breathing spell, breathing time, brief silence, calm, calm- graphic, gross, gruesome, harsh, horrible, horrifying, indeli-
ness, cessation, cessation of activity, cessation of sound, cate, luridus, obscurus, offensive, overwhelming, racy,
desistance, discontinuance, discontinuation, halt, hush, repulsive, revolting, risque, salacious, scabrous, scrofulous,
idleness, inactivity, interlude, intermission, interregnum, sensational, shocking, startling, uncensored, unexpurgated,
interruption, pause, peace, period of rest, quiescence, qui- unusual, vulgar
escency, quiet, recess, remission, repose, respite, rest, si-
lence, soundlessness, standstill, stay, stillness, stop, stop- LURK, verb ambuscade, be stealthy, be unseen, con-
page, subsidence, suspension, temporary quiet, temporary ceal oneself, crouch, delitescere, ensconce oneself, escape
stillness, tranquillity, truce detection, escape notice, escape observation, escape rec-
ognition, hide, keep out of sight, latere, latitare, lie con-
LULL, verb allay, alleviate, assuage, calm, cause to cealed, lie hidden, lie in ambush, lie in wait, lie low, move
relax, compose, cradle, dulcify, ease, encourage repose, furtively, prowl, seclude oneself, secrete oneself, skulk,
hush, induce forgetfulness, make calm, mitigate, pacify, slink, sneak, steal
palliate, placate, put to rest, put to sleep, quell, quiet, quiet
down, quieten, relax, remit, remove one’s anxieties, re- LUXURY, noun accessory, added comfort, added con-
move one’s fears, rock, sedare, settle, silence, soothe, still, venience, added creature toy, added enjoyment, added
stupefy, subdue, tranquilize pleasure, added state-of-the-art edition, added techno-
logical advancement, advantage, delight, delightfulness,
LUMP SUM PAYMENT, noun aggregate, bulk payment, ease of comfort, extra, extravagance, frill, gadgetry, new-
conglomerate, congregate, entire funds due, payment at est product, nicety, nonessential, option, physical pleasure
once, payment for all due, payment in bulk, payment in ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: luxury tax
mass, total outstanding payment, total payment
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: awards, disability, divorce, employ- LUXATE, verb break, detach, disconnect, disengage,
ment termination, lump sum settlement disjoin, disjoint, dislocate, dispart, displace, dissever, dis-
sociate, disunite, eject, expel, part, put out of joint, put out
LUMP TOGETHER, verb admix, amalgamate, annex, of place, rend, rive, separate, sever, sunder, throw out of
append, attach, bind, blend, coalesce, cohere, commin- gear, unhinge, unjoint, wrench
gle, commix, compound, conglomerate, conglutinate,
conjoin, connect, consolidate, couple, entwine, fasten, LYING, adjective bluffing, covinous, cunning, deceitful,
form a union, fuse, glue, group, interblend, interfuse, in- deceptive, delusive, delusory, devoid of truth, dishonest,
terlink, intermix, link, meld, merge, mingle, mix, paste, disingenuous, dissembling, double-dealing, equivocating,
piece together, put together indiscriminately, splice, tie, fabricating, faithless, faked, false, feigned, fictitious, for-
unify, unite sworn, fraudulent, mendacious, misleading, misrepresenta-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: classifications, drawing new congres- tive, perfidious, perjured, sneaky, spurious, treacherous,
sional lines, gerrymandering, lumping sale, reapportion- tricky, trumped up, truthless, uncandid, unfactual, untrue,
ment, redistricting untruthful, unveracious
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: perjury
LUNACY, noun craziness, delusion, dementia, de-
rangement, disordered mind, folly, foolishness, frenzy, LYNCH LAW, noun anarchy, blatant violation of law,
impairment of mental faculties, insaneness, insanity, in- breakdown of administration, disorderliness, flagrant
stability of mental powers, madness, mania, mental aber- abuse of the law, illegal infliction of punishment, lack of
ration, mental abnormality, mental dissociation, mental due process, lack of justice, lack of legal sanction, lawless-
illness, mental imbalance, mental sickness, unsoundness ness, misgovernment, misrule, mob rule, mobocracy, ni-
of mind hilism, ochlocracy, outlawry, paralysis of authority, pun-
ishment without trial, reign of terror, summary punishment
LUNATIC, adjective absurd, bereft of reason, crazed, by mob, taking the law in one’s own hands, terrorism,
crazy, daft, dementate, demented, deranged, disordered, unruliness

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MACABRE, adjective abhorrent, abominable, atrocious, MAD (Absurd), adjective absent-minded, anserine,
awful, beneath contempt, contemptible, deplorable, despi- apish, asinine, befooled, beguiled, bemused, besotted,
cable, detestable, dreadful, drive, foul, frightening, frightful, bird-brained, brainless, buffoonish, careless, childish, clue-
ghastly, ghoulish, gruesome, harrowing, hateful, heinous, less, confused, crackbrained, crazy, credulous, daft, danger-
horrendous, horrid, horrifying, indefensible, loathsome, ous, dazed, derisible, dizzy, doting, driveling, dull-witted,
obnoxious, odious, offensive, outrageous, pathetic, pitiful, dumb, excessive, extravagant, fatuitous, fatuous, feeble-
repellent, reprehensible, repulsive, revolting, shameful, minded, fond, fool, fool headed, foolish, for the birds, fud-
shocking, terrible, terrifying, unspeakable, vile, villainous, dled, futile, gaga, giddy, groundless, gulled, harebrained,
wholly inadequate harum-scarum, idiotic, ill-advised, ill-considered, illogical,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: deplorable conditions ill-suited, imbecile, imbecilic, immature, impractical,
improper, imprudent, inane, inappropriate, incoherent, in-
MACHIAVELLIAN, adjective arch, artful, base, cagey, congruous, inconsistent, indiscreet, inept, infatuated, inju-
calculating, canny, cheating, clever, collusive, collusory, con- dicious, insane, insensate, irrational, irresponsible, laugha-
niving, conscienceless, contriving, corrupt, covinous, crafty, ble, light-headed, light-minded, ludicrous, maudlin,
crooked, cunning, deceitful, deceiving, deceptive, delusive, moronic, muddled, muddlepated, nonsensical, perilous,
designing, devious, dirty, dishonest, dishonorable, disin- pointless, preposterous, puerile, rambling, rash, reckless,
genuous, double-crossing, double-dealing, double-tongued, ridiculous, risible, scatterbrained, senseless, sentimental,
evasive, faithless, falsehearted, feline, foxy, fraudulent, short-sighted, silly, simple-minded, spastic, stupid,
guileful, hypocritical, ignoble, immoral, infamous, insidious, thoughtless, unfounded, unreasonable, unsafe, unsensible,
insincere, intriguing, knavish, mean, misdealing, opportun- unsound, unwary, unwise, wandering, wet, wild-eyed,
ist, perfidious, plotting, rascally, roguish, scheming, shady, witless
shameless, sharp, shifty, shrewd, slick, slippery, sly, smooth,
sneaking, sneaky, stealthy, subdolous, tortuous, treacherous, MAD (Insane), adjective bereft of reason, deluded,
trickish, tricky, two-faced, undependable, underhand, under- demented, deprived of reason, deranged, idiosyncratic,
handed, unethical, unprincipled, unscrupulous, untrustwor- insane, irrational, lunatic, manic, mentally deficient, non
thy, untruthful, venal, vile, vulpine, wily compos mentis, not of a sound mind, reasonless, senseless,
unbalanced, unsound
MACHINATION, noun artful dodge, artifice, cabal, col-
lusion, conspiracy, contrivance, covin, crafty design, crafty MAD (Irritated), adjective abandoned, amok, angry,
device, crafty plan, design, dodge, dolus, foul play, in- annoyed, at the end of one’s rope, bellowing, berserk,
trigue, jugglery, machina, maneuver, manipulation, plot, beside oneself, blue in the face, carried away, chafed,
ploy, ruse, scheme, stratagem, strategy, subterfuge, tactic, delirious, demoniacal, demonic, displeased, distracted,
treachery, trick, underplot, wile, wily device drive one mad, ecstatic, enrage, enraged, enraptured, fed
up, feral, ferocious, fierce, fiery, flaming, flared up, flaring,
MACHINE, noun accessory, accoutrement, apparatus, flushed with anger, frantic, frenzied, frenzy, frothing at the
appliance, automation, contraption, contrivance, device, mouth, fulminating, fuming, furious, galled, haggard,
engine, expedient, gear, implement, instrument, means, hog-wild, howling, hysterical, in a huff, in a transport or
mechanism, piece of equipment, system, tool, utensil ecstasy, in high dudgeon, in hysterics, incensed, indig-
nant, inflamed, infuriate, infuriated, intoxicated, irate, ire-
MACHINERY (Equipment), noun apparatus, appurte- ful, lash into fury, madden, madding, make one’s blood
nances, effects, equipment, facilities, heavy equipment, boil, maniac, maniacal, nettled, orgasmic, orgiastic, out of
mechanism, products one’s wits, peeved, piqued, possessed, rabid, raging,
ramping, ranting, raving, ravished, ready to burst, red-
MACHINERY (Means), noun contrivance, devices, hot, riled, roaring, running mad, storming, transported,
guns, inner workings, instruments, means to implement, uncontrollable, up in arms, vexed, violent, white-hot,
mechanism, mechanization, methods, organization, power, wild, wild-eyed, wild-looking, work up into a passion,
system, tools, vehicle, wherewithal, workings wrathful, wroth

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MAELSTROM, noun bluster, bouleversement, cata- handsome, imposing, impressive, lovely, luxurious, majes-
clysm, commotion, disturbance, fervor, furor, fury, gulf, tic, nice-looking, out of this world, outrageous, plush, posh,
outbreak, outburst, pandemonium, paroxysm, squall, pretty, princely, radiant, regal, resplendent, royal, splendid,
storm, tempest, tumult, upheaval, uproar, upset, vortex, splendiferous, stately, sublime, superb, terrific
whirlwind
MAGNIFY, verb add to, aggrandize, amplificare, amplify,
MAGIC, adjective by chance occurrence, coincidental, augere, augment, balloon, boost, broaden, build up, cause
fortunate, lucky, out of the ordinary, magical, miraculous, growth, deepen, emphasize, enhance, enlarge, exaggerare,
mystic, mystical, mysterious, occult, sorcery, supernatural, exaggerate, exalt, expand, extend, glorify, heighten, idealize,
uncanny, under a charm, under a spell, unusual, wizardly, increase, increase the size of, inflate, intensify, make great,
wonderful make larger, make more important, maximize, overestimate,
overprize, overrate, overstate, overstress, overvalue, play up,
MAGISTRATE, noun arbitrator, assessor, judge, jurist, raise, spread, strengthen, stretch, stretch a point, swell,
justice, legist, magistratus, moderator, officer, official widen

MAGNANIMITY, noun altruism, beneficence, benevo- MAGNITUDE, noun amplitude, amplitudo, bearing, con-
lence, charitable contributions, charity, chivalry, civility, com- cern, consequence, consideration, degree, dimension, ef-
munity, compassion, cordiality, courtesy, dispensation, elee- fect, eminence, enormity, essentiality, extension, extent,
mosynary interests, empathy, fellowship, friendliness, gauge, gravity, immensity, import, importance, magni-
generosity, grace, greatheartedness, honor, humaneness, tudo, mark, materiality, materialness, measure, measurement,
kindliness, kindness, magnificence, mercy, neighborliness, momentousness, precedence, primacy, priority, propor-
nobility, philanthropy, selflessness, service, valor, worthiness tions, range, reach, scale, scope, seriousness, significance,
size, span, spatium, stature, stretch, value, vastness, vol-
MAGNANIMOUS, adjective altruistic, benevolent, big- ume, weight, weightiness, worth
hearted, brotherly, charitable, chivalrous, compassionate,
exalted, fraternal, generous, generous to a fault, giving, MAIL, noun envelope sent, formal communication sent,
great hearted, great spirited, high-minded, idealistic, item sent, letter sent for delivery, message sent, note sent,
kind, magnificent, noble, noble-minded, overly generous, package sent, package which is posted, postal matter, sent
philanthropic, princely, stately, sympathetic, unselfish communication, sent correspondence, sent letter, sent pack-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: charitable organizations ages, sent through regular means, sent through U.S. mail
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: mail matter
MAGNATE, noun aristocrat, aristocratic, baron, big
businessman, big gun, big name, bigwig, capitalist, captain MAIM, verb cripple, damage, deface, disable, hobble,
of industry, celebrity, dignitary, director, distinguished per- hurt, impair, incapacitate, injure, lame, make useless, muti-
son, enterpriser, entrepreneur, financier, giant, industrialist, late, wound
leading figure, lion, lord, luminary, man of distinction, man
of eminence, manager, name, noble, nobleman, person of MAIN FOCUS, noun cardinal feature, cardinal point,
eminence, person of importance, person of influence, per- center, central idea, chief feature, chief issue, chief part,
sonality, pillar of society, power, power elite, star, super- chief point, core, critical feature, critical point, crucial fea-
star, top executive, tycoon, very important person ture, crucial point, crux, essence, essential matter, essential
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: industrial magnate part, essential point, essentialness, fundamental feature,
fundamental part, fundamental point, gravamen, heart,
MAGNETIC, adjective absorbing, alluring, appealing, implication, import, important feature, important part,
arresting, attracting, attractive, beguiling, bewitching, cap- important point, main force, main idea, major part, major
tivating, charismatic, charming, compelling, dynamic, effec- portion, material point, meaning, nucleus, pivotal point,
tive, electric, electrical, enchanting, engaging, engrossing, prime basis, prime ingredient, principal point, prominent
enthralling, enticing, entrancing, exciting, fascinating, aspect, prominent point, purport, quintessence, salient
glamorous, grabbing, gripping, hypnotic, interesting, in- feature, salient point, significance, substance
triguing, inviting, irresistible, magnetized, mesmeric, mes-
merizing, persuasive, potent, powerful, provocative, spell- MAIN FORCE, noun aggressiveness, brute force, com-
binding, tantalizing, tempting, winning pulsion, controlling force, controlling power, dominant
strength, duress, effort, energy, forcefulness, full force,
MAGNIFICATION (Enlargement), noun amplification, intensity, matchless effort, maxim effort, might, potence,
augmentation, blowup, boost, buildup, elaboration, en- potency, power, powerfulness, pressure, puissance, push,
hancement, enlargement, exaggeration, expansion, great- sheer force, sheer power, strength, toughness, unrivaled
ening, heighten, increase the size of, intensification, maxi- effort, utter force, vigor
mization, raising
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: magnification of damages MAIN POINT, noun backbone, base, basis, benchmark,
caput, cardinal feature, cardinal point, center, central idea,
MAGNIFICATION (Exaggeration), noun amplification, chief feature, chief idea, chief issue, chief part, chief point,
augmentation, broadening, elaboration, enhancement, en- core, cornerstone, cream, crisis, critical feature, critical point,
largement, expansion, extension, extremism, glorification, crucial feature, crucial point, crux, drift, elixir, essence, es-
heightening, hyperbole, hyperbolism, inflation, overstate- sential matter, essential part, essential point, essentialness,
ment, superlative focal point, focus, force, fundamental feature, fundamental
part, fundamental point, gist, gravamen, great point, heart,
MAGNIFICENT, adjective august, awe-inspiring, beau- heart of the matter, implication, import, important feature,
teous, beautiful, brilliant, distinguished, elegant, exalted, important part, important point, inner core, kernel, key, key
excellent, exceptional, glorious, gorgeous, grand, great, point, keynote, keystone, lifeblood, main idea, main thing,

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major part, marrow, material point, meaning, nub, nucleus, MAJOR, adjective big, chief, comprehensive, conse-
outstanding feature, pith, pivotal point, prime constituent, quential, considerable, crucial, decisive, distinguished,
prime ingredient, prime issue, principal point, prominent enormous, essential, extensive, extraordinary, far-reaching,
aspect, prominent point, purport, quiddity, quintessence, fateful, goodly, grave, great, high-level, important, impos-
real issue, res summa, root, salient feature, salient point, ing, impressive, intense, key, large, leading, massive,
sense, significance, substance, tenor, vital concern matchless, material, memorable, meritorious, moderately
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: the main point in a legal argument large, momentous, notable, noteworthy, outstanding, para-
mount, ponderous, pressing, prime, principal, remarkable,
MAINLY, adverb above all, all in all, all things considered, serious, significant, sizable, sober, solemn, substantial, su-
chiefly, cardinally, consequentially, dominantly, effectively, preme, top, top-level, tremendous, unparalleled, vital,
essentially, exhaustive, first, foremost, in general, in the main, weighty, worthy of consideration, worthy of remark
on balance, on the whole, overall, particularly, predominantly,
preponderantly, prevailing, primarily, principally, usually MAJORITY (Adulthood), noun age of discretion, age of
majority, age of responsibility, full age, full legal age, legal
MAINSTAY, noun anchor, assurance, backbone, backer, age, legal competence, legal maturity, manhood, mature-
bastion, brace, bulwark, buttress, champion, chief reliance, ness, maturity, voting age, womanhood
cornerstone, crutch, deliverance, dependence, foundation, FOREIGN PHRASES: Minor ante tempus agere non potest in
help, keystone, maintainer, nucleus, pillar, principal backer, casu proprietatis nec etiam convenire. A minor under
principal maintainer, principal support, principal supporter, age cannot act in a case of property.
principal sustainer, prop, rampart, reinforcement, reliance,
right arm, right hand, salvation, security, staff, stay, strength, MAJORITY (Greater part), noun better part, biggest
stronghold, support, sustainer, sustenance, tower of share, body, bulk, generality, greater number, larger number,
strength, upholder larger part, lion’s share, main body, main part, maior nu-
merus, maior pars, major part, mass, more than half, most,
MAINTAIN (Carry on), verb adfirmare, confirmare, plurality, predominance, predominant part, preponderance,
contendere, continue, follow up, go on, keep alive, keep preponderation, principal part, weight of numbers
going, keep on, keep up, perpetuate, persevere, persist, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: majority rule, majority vote, plurality,
proceed with, prolong, pursue, shore up, stick to quorum, requisite majority

MAINTAIN (Commence), verb activate, begin, embark MAKE, verb accomplish, achieve, actualize, assemble,
upon, initiate, institute, introduce, launch, originate, set in attain, author, beget, bring about, bring forth, bring into
motion, set in operation, start, undertake being, bring into existence, bring to effect, bring to pass,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: maintain an action build, call into being, call into existence, carry into effect,
carry into execution, cast, cause, cause to exist, coin, com-
MAINTAIN (Sustain), verb abet, adhere, advocate, aid, pel, complete, compose, compound, concoct, constitute,
assist, attend, be firm, be firmly fixed, bear up against, constrain, construct, contrive, creare, create, develop, de-
bolster, buttress, care for, champion, come to the defense vise, draft, draw up, effect, effectuate, efform, enact, en-
of, conserve, countenance, cover, defend, espouse the force, engender, erect, establish, evolve, execute, fabricari,
cause of, feed, finance, guard, hold up, justify, look after, fabricate, facere, fashion, force, forge, form, formulate,
make provision, make safe, nourish, nurse, nurture, over- frame, generate, give birth to, give origin to, give rise to,
see, preserve, protect, provide for, rally to, safeguard, hammer out, hatch, have in production, improvise, initiate,
save, screen, secure, see to, service, shelter, shield, shoul- institute, invent, kindle, machine, manufacture, model,
der, side with, stand by, stand firm, stand one’s ground, mold, organize, originate, pattern, perform, piece together,
stick to, subscribe to, subsidize, substantiate, supply, sup- prepare, produce, provide, put together, set up, shape,
port, take care of, take charge of, uphold, vindicate, watch synthesize, think up, turn out, yield results
over, weather ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: make a decision, make a demand,
make a motion, make an agreement, make an offer
MAINTENANCE (Support of spouse), noun aid, alimony,
allowance, assistance, financial backing, financing, legal MAKE A DEMAND, verb announce a sum demanded,
assistance, legal support, means of subsistence, monetary ask for recompense, assert a legal right for damages, con-
help, necessaries, necessities of life, preservation, provi- duct negotiations, demand compensation, impose a claim,
sions, subsidy, subsistence, sustenance, upkeep, victus impose a peremptory claim, impose a requirement, make
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: separate maintenance, support and a financial claim, make an authoritative request for dam-
maintenance ages, request compensation, serve an ultimatum, state a
claim, state a requisite sum as damages, state an amount
MAINTENANCE (Upkeep), noun care, carrying charge, in question, state an imperative
conservatio, conservation, cost, disbursement, drain on re-
sources, expenditure, expense, outlay, overhead, repair, MAKE A FINDING, verb adjudge, adjudicate, announce
running expenses, salus, service a conclusion, arrive at a conclusion, ascertain, ascertain by
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: ordinary maintenance and repair, rea- judicial inquiry, calculate, come to a conclusion, conclude,
sonable maintenance decide, deduce, deliver, determine, draw a conclusion,
establish, hold, judge, make a decision, pass judgment,
MAJESTIC, adjective aristocratic, august, awe-inspiring, pronounce, resolve, rule
baronial, classic, courtly, exquisite, fine, gallant, genteel,
glorious, graceful, grand, grandeur, grandiose, handsome, MAKE A MOTION, verb apply, ask for, make a formal
inspiring, lavish, luxurious, magnificent, noble, ornate, os- application, make a request, make application, move, offer
tentatious, patrician, prominent, refined, rich, royal, signifi- for more consideration, petition, propose formally, put
cant, sophisticated, splendid, stately, tasteful forth, put forward, request, requisition, submit

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 MAKE A REBUTTAL

MAKE A REBUTTAL, verb answer, argue, argue against, bring to light, circulate, communicate, concede, confess,
confute, contradict, contravene, controvert, countercharge, confide, confirm, declare, describe, disabuse, disclose, dis-
counterclaim, deny, disagree, disprove, dispute, join issue, play, disseminate, divulge, enlighten, evince, explain, ex-
negate, oppose, present arguments against, rebuff, rebut, re- pose, give currency to, give inside information, impart,
fute, rejoin, reply, repudiate, respond, retaliate, retort, submit indicate, inform, make public, make publicly known, mani-
arguments against, surrebut, surrejoin, take a stand against fest, mention, notify, off, open, promulgate, publish, set
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: rebut an argument, rebuttal case, sur- right, tell, uncloak, uncover, unearth, unfold, unmask,
rebuttal. unseal, unveil, utter, vent, verify, voice
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: confidentiality, grand jury secrecy,
MAKE A STATEMENT, verb affirm, allege, argue, assert privilege
positively, asseverate, attest, authenticate, aver, avouch,
avow, bear, certify, claim, confirm, contend, converse, de- MAKE LEGAL, verb approve by law, authorize by law,
clare, explain, express, formulate, maintain, present, pro- bring into conformity with the law, confirm by law, decree
claim, profess, pronounce, propose, purport, report, speak, by law, enact by statute, enact into law, legalize, legislate,
state, validate, verify, warrant legitimatize by law, make lawful, order by law, pass into law,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS : closing statement, statement to the permit by law, pronounce by statute, ratify, sanction by com-
jury mon law, sanction by law, sanction by the judiciary, validate

MAKE AN ARGUMENT, verb advance, allege, argue, MAKE NULL AND VOID, verb abolish, abrogate,
assert, challenge, claim, confute, contend, contest, contro- annul, cancel, declare not binding, declare of no effect,
vert, debate, disagree, dispute, elucidate, emphasize, declare of no legal authority, declare of no legal effect,
enunciate, establish, explain, expostulate, express, main- declare of no legal force, declare of no validity, declare
tain, oppose, present arguments against, present argu- without legal authority, defeat, disestablish, end, eradicate,
ments for, proclaim, pronounce, propose, propound, put extinguish, fail to consummate, make defunct, negate, nul-
forth, put forward, remonstrate, set forth, show, state with lify, obliterate, omit, overrule, overturn, quash, render
conviction, stress, submit, urge forceless, render impotent, render ineffective, render inef-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: arguments contained in a submission, ficacious, render inoperative, render invalid, repeal, re-
oral argument scind, reverse, revoke, set aside, supersede, suspend, ter-
minate, vacate, void, withdraw
MAKE APPLICATION, verb appeal, appeal for, apply, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: annulment, declare a marriage null and
bid, bid for, call for, demand, file for, make formal request, void, law superseded and null and void
move, obsecrate, petition, petition for, put in for, request,
seek, solicit MAKE PROGRESS, verb advance, ameliorate, approach,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: make application for a directed verdict, ascend, climb, complete, continue onward, develop, en-
make application for costs, make application for substitu- hance, enrich, expand, finish, forge ahead, gain, gain
tion of counsel, make application for summary judgment ground, get ahead, get results, go forward, go on, grow,
improve, increase, keep going, keep moving, make head-
MAKE CERTAIN, verb accomplish, achieve, acquire, af- way, meliorate, mend, mount, move on, press on, pro-
fect, attain, complete, conclude, consummate, determine, ceed, prosper, ripen, rise
earn, effectuate, end, ensure, execute, finish, get done, get
it over with, guarantee, influence, leave no stone unturned, MAKE RESTITUTION, verb atone, compensate, indem-
make absolutely certain, make absolutely definite, make nify, make amends, make whole, pay, pay back, pay dam-
definite, make unequivocal, perfect in detail, procure, put ages, provide legal redress, recompense, refund, reim-
the finishing touches on, realize, reap, seal, secure, settle, burse, remit, remunerate, repay, return, reward, satisfy an
take every step necessary, take no conceivable chance, win obligation, settle
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: criminal restitution law, law of restitu-
MAKE CLEAR, verb articulate, bare, bring to light, clear tion, legal remedies
up, comment upon, construe, decipher, define, delineate,
demonstrate, disentangle, elucidate, enlighten, exemplify, MAKE VOID, verb annul, cancel, declare not binding,
explain, explicate, expose, exposit, expound, free from declare null and void, declare of no force, declare useless,
ambiguity, free from confusion, illuminate, illustrate, inter- declare without legal force, determine not in force, extin-
pret, lay open, make comprehensible, make explicit, make guish, make ineffective, make ineffectual, make inopera-
intelligible, make lucid, make understood, refine, render tive, make meaningless, nullify
intelligible, shed light on, show, simplify, spell out, subtilize, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: void for vagueness, void where pro-
unfold, unmask, unravel, unscramble, unveil hibited by law, voidable
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: plain language
MAKER, noun author, devisor, donor, initiator, producer
MAKE INROADS, verb ameliorate a situation, be light ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: maker of a note, maker of an instru-
years ahead, become better, develop, enhance, enrich, ex- ment
pand, forge ahead, gain, gain ground, get strides ahead, go
forward, grow, improve, increase, make advancements, MALADMINISTRATION, noun bad job, blunder, botch-
make headway, make progress, make quantum leaps, mel- ery, bungling, default, dereliction of duty, evasion of duty,
iorate, mend, move ahead, move onward, press on, pro- failure of duty, incompetency, inefficiency, inefficient man-
ceed, prosper, push on, progress agement, malfeasance, malversation, misadministration,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: investigations misapplication, misconduct, misdirection, misfeasance, mis-
government, misguidance, mishandling, mismanagement,
MAKE KNOWN, verb acknowledge, admit, advise, af- misrule, neglect, negligence, poor administration, prava
firm, announce, apprise, bare, blurt out, break the news, rerum administratio, unproficiency, want of duty

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MALADROIT, adjective awkward, botched, bungling, MALEVOLENCE, noun abomination, acerbity, acri-
callow, clumsy, fumbled, gauche, graceless, handless, mony, actively opposed, adverse, aggressive, animosity,
heavy-hand, ill-equipped, inapt, incapable, incompetent, antagonism, antagonistic, antipathetical, belligerence, bit-
inept, inexpert, uncoordinated, unfit, unhandy, unpre- terness, contempt, cruelty, devilishness, diabolicalness,
pared, unqualified, unskilled, unskillful, untrained, useless disdain, embitterment, enmity, evil, evil-mindedness, full
of hate, full of malice, grudge, harshness, hate, hatefulness,
MALADY, noun abnormality, affliction, ailment, defect, hostility, hurtfulness, ill will, iniquitousness, injuriousness,
deformity, desperate condition, disability, disease, disorder, invidiousness, ire, lethalness, malice, maliciousness, ma-
handicap, health difficulty, health problem, illness, impair- lignance, malignity, meanness, mercilessness, odium,
ment, infirmity, medical condition, sickness, syndrome, perfidiousness, perniciousness, pique, pitilessness, rancor,
weakness repugnance, resentfulness, resentment, spite, treacherous-
ness, vengeance, venom, venomousness, viciousness,
MALAPROPOS, adjective amiss, awkward, clumsy, virulence, vitriol
graceless, improper, inapposite, inappropriate, inapt, in-
congruous, incorrect, indecorous, infelicitous, malapropos, MALEVOLENT, adjective acrimonious, actively opposed,
out of place, perverse, unbecoming, unfit, unhappy, un- adverse, aggressive, antagonistic, antipathetic, antipathetical,
seemly, unsuitable, untoward, wrong baleful, baneful, barbarous, bellicose, belligerent, bilious, bit-
ter, bloodthirsty, brutal, churlish, cold, cold-blooded, con-
MALCONTENT, noun agitator, anarchist, ardent cham- spiratorial, cruel, damaging, deadly, deleterious, demoniac,
pion of change, brawler, caviler, censurer, complainant, demoniacal, demonial, despiteful, devilish, diabolic, diaboli-
complainer, critic, crusader, demonstrator, detractor, diehard, cal, disaffected, disobliging, embittered, envenomed, evil,
disputer, dissenter, dissentient, dissident, extremist, fanatic, evil-minded, faithless, ferocious, feuding, fiendish, full of hate,
faultfinder, fighter, fretter, griper, grumbler, heretic, homo full of malice, full of revenge, full of spite, galling, grim,
rerum novarum cupidus, instigator, insubordinate, insurgent, grudgeful, grudging, hard-hearted, harmful, harsh, hateful,
insurrectionist, kicker, mutineer, nihilist, nonconformist, non- heinous, hellish, hostile, hurtful, ill-disposed, ill-intentioned,
cooperator, objector, obstructionist, petitioner, political agita- ill-natured, ill-wishing, implacable, infamous, infernal, iniqui-
tor, protester, rabble-rouser, radical, reactionary, reactionist, tous, injurious, invidious, lethal, malefic, maleficent, malevo-
rebel, recusant, reformer, renegade, repiner, resister, revi- lus, malicious, malign, malignant, mean, merciless, mischie-
sionist, revolter, revolutionary, revolutionist, rioter, sedition- vous, oppugnant, perfidious, pernicious, pitiless, plotting,
ary, seditionist, traitor, troublemaker, whiner, wrangler poisonous, rancorous, repugnant, resentful, retaliative, retali-
atory, revengeful, ruinous, ruthless, satanic, savage, scatheful,
MALEDICTION, noun abusive speech, anathema, curse, sinister, snaky, spiteful, spleenful, treacherous, truculent,
damnation, defamation, denunciation, dirae, dispraise, evil- unamicable, unfeeling, unfriendly, unkind, venomous, vi-
speaking, execration, exsecratio, foul language, fulmina- cious, villainous, vindictive, viperous, virulent, vitriolic, war-
tion, ill wishes, imprecation, invective, malevolence, mali- like, wicked
son, obloquy, revilement, tongue-lashing, verbal abuse,
verbal assault, verbal attack, vilification, vituperation MALFEASANCE, noun bad conduct, corruption, dere-
liction, deviation from rectitude, ill conduct, illegal action,
MALEFACTION, noun abomination, atrocity, breach, infringement, injurious action, misbehavior, misdeed,
contravention, crime, encroachment, evil deed, felony, misdoing, misgovernment, mismanagement, overstep-
harm, horror, hurt, illegal act, infringement, malfeasance, ping, peccadillo, peccancy, transgression, unjust perform-
malpractice, misdeed, offense, outrage, tort, transgression, ance, unlawful action, wrongful action, wrongful conduct
violation, wrong, wrongdoing ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: malfeasance in office, malfeasance of a
public officer, misconduct, misfeasance, nonfeasance
MALEFACTOR, noun bandit, brigand, convict, criminal,
culprit, delinquent, desperado, evildoer, felon, gangster, MALFEASANT, noun a corrupt person, a derelict per-
hardened criminal, homo maleficus, homo sceleratus, son, a person with wrongful actions, a person with wrong-
hoodlum, hooligan, lawbreaker, lawless individual, mis- ful conduct, an actor with ill conduct, an individual whose
chief-maker, miscreant, misdemeanant, offender, offender conduct deviates from rectitude, an individual with bad
against the law, outlaw, racketeer, rapscallion, rascal, re- conduct, an individual with illegal actions, an individual
cidivist, reprobate, rogue, ruffian, scamp, scoundrel, trans- with misbehavior, an individual with unjust actions, an indi-
gressor, trespasser, villain, violator of laws, wrongdoer vidual with unlawful actions, a person with misdeeds, a
person with transgressions, criminal, defendant, felon, law-
MALEFIC, adjective antagonistic, antipathetic, bad, breaker, malefactor, miscreant, offender, reprobate, rogue,
baleful, calamitous, corrupt, deadly, deleterious, destruc- transgressor, wrongdoer
tive, incompetent, inept, inimical, injurious, malicious, ma- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: impeachment, malfeasance in office
lignant, noxious, pernicious, pestilential, poisonous, ruin-
ous, venomous, wicked MALFEASOR, noun accused, bad actor, convict, cor-
rupter, criminal, culprit, delinquent, felon, immoralist, law-
MALEFICENT, adjective antagonistic, baleful, baneful, breaker, miscreant, misdemeanant, misdoer, offender, out-
deleterious, detrimental, diabolic, evil, evil-disposed, evil- law, perpetrator, racketeer, reprobate, sinner, suspect,
intentioned, evil-minded, harmful, heinous, hostile, hurtful, transgressor, trespasser, villain, wrongdoer
ill-natured, inimical, injurious, invidious, lethal, malefic,
malevolent, malicious, malignant, merciless, noxious, ob- MALFUNCTION, noun abnormality, anomaly, break-
noxious, odious, offensive, oppressive, perfidious, perni- down, bug, defect, deviation, disorder, error, failure, fault,
cious, ruthless, surly, vicious flaw, glitch, hitch, impairment, irregularity, malformation,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Maleficia propositis distinguuntur. Evil misfire, mishap, miss, mistake, problem, technological
deeds are to be distinguished from evil purposes. problem

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 MALICE

MALICE, noun acrimony, active ill will, animosity, ani- discredit, calumniate, cast a slur upon, cast aspersions,
mus, antagonism, antipathy, aversion, bad intent, bad in- curse, decry, defame, defile, denigrate, denounce, depre-
tention, bitter animosity, conscious violation of law, con- cate, derogate, disesteem, dishonor, dishonor by false
tempt, culpable recklessness, detestation, disaffection, reports, disparage, dispraise, falsify, fulminate against,
dislike, enmity, evil disposition, evil intent, hard feelings, impugn, libel, revile, ridicule, slander, slur, smear, smirch,
hard-heartedness, harmful desire, hate, hatred, hostility, ill speak evil of, speak ill of, spread an evil report, stain
feeling, ill will, intentional wrongdoing, invidia, invidious- one’s reputation, traduce, vilify, vilipend, vituperate
ness, loathing, malevolence, malevolentia, maliciousness,
malignitas, malignity, odium, personal hatred, pique, pitiless- MALIGNANT, adjective atrocious, baleful, baneful, bar-
ness, rancor, rankling, repugnance, repulsion, resentment, barous, bitter, blackhearted, bloodthirsty, brutal, brutish,
spite, spitefulness, umbrage, venom, viciousness, violent cancerous, caustic, cold-blooded, coldhearted, consuming,
animosity, wanton disregard, wrath corrosive, cruel, damaging, dangerous, deadly, death-bring-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: actual malice, constructive malice, ing, death-dealing, deathly, deleterious, demoniacal, des-
implied malice, legal malice, malice aforethought, malice in piteful, destructive, detrimental, devilish, diabolical, enven-
fact, malice in law, malicious abandonment, malicious omed, evil, evil-minded, execrable, fatal, fell, feral, ferocious,
abuse of process, malicious arrest, malicious injury, mali- fiendish, fiendlike, flint-hearted, foul, hard of heart, harmful,
cious intent, malicious mischief, malicious prosecution, hateful, heinous, hellish, hostile, hurtful, ill-intentioned, infer-
malicious use, malicious wrong, universal malice nal, inhuman, iniquitous, injurious, insalubrious, invidious,
FOREIGN PHRASES: In criminalibus, sufficit generalis mali- lethal, malefic, maleficent, malevolent, malicious, malign,
tia intentionis, cum facto paris gradus. In crimes, a marble-hearted, mephitic, miasmal, miasmatic, miasmatical,
general malicious intent suffices where there is an act of monstrous, morbid, morbiferous, morbific, morbifical, mor-
equal degree. Malitia est acida; est mali animi affectus. dacious, murderous, nasty, nefarious, nocuous, noisome,
Malice is sour; it is the quality of an evil mind. Maleficia noxious, oppressive, peccant, pernicious, persecuting, pes-
propositis distinguuntur. Evil deeds are distinguished by tiferous, pestilential, poisonous, rancorous, resentful, re-
their evil purposes. Malitiis hominum est obviandum. vengeful, ruinous, ruthless, satanic, savage, scatheful, scurril-
The malicious designs of men must be thwarted. Eum qui ous, sinful, sinister, spiteful, spleenful, stonyhearted, tending
nocentem infamat, non est aequum et bonum ob eam to cause death, toxic, toxiferous, treacherous, truculent, un-
rem condemnari; delicta enim nocentium nota esse merciful, venomous, vicious, vile, villainous, vindictive, vio-
oportet et expedit. It is not just and proper that he who lent, virulent, virulently inimical, vitriolic, wicked
speaks ill of a bad man should be condemned on that ac-
count; for it is fitting and expedient that the crimes of bad MALLEABLE, adjective accommodating, acquiescent,
men be made known. Malum non praesumitur. Evil is not adaptable, adjustable, agreeable, amenable, amiable, bend-
presumed. able, compliant, conformable, conforming, controllable,
deferential, docile, ductile, ductilis, easily bent, easily influ-
MALICE AFTERTHOUGHT, noun bent, criminal intent, enced, easily persuaded, easy, easygoing, elastic, flexible,
devices, intention, objective, plan, plot, preconceived ac- flexile, following, formable, governable, impressionable,
tion, preconceived plan, predetermination, preplanned lentus, limber, lissome, lithe, lithesome, manageable, meek,
action, pretension, purpose, resolution, resolve, scheme moldable, moldable like putty, moldable like wax, mollis,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: commission of a crime, intent obliging, plastic, pliable, pliant, soft, softened, spineless,
stretchable, submissive, tame, teachable, tractable, twista-
MALICIOUS, adjective acrimonious, antagonistic, brutal, ble, usable, weak like putty, weak-minded, weak-willed,
cruel, demoniac, demoniacal, destructive, diabolic, diabolical, well-behaved, willing, yielding
evil, evil-minded, feral, ferocious, harmful, hateful, hostile,
ill-disposed, ill-natured, invidious, invidus, malefic, malefi- MALPRACTICE, noun breach of practice, breach of
cent, maleficial, malevolent, malevolus, malignant, merciless, profession, carelessness, culpable professional neglect,
mischievous, ornery, pernicious, relentless, resentful, ruth- dereliction of duty, improper professional action, improper
less, savage, spiteful, treacherous, truculent, unfeeling, ven- professional conduct, injudicious treatment, injurious
emous, vicious, vindictive, virulent, wanton, wicked treatment by a professional, misconduct, professional error
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: malicious mischief, malicious prosecu- of judgment, professional laxness, professional misconduct,
tion professional neglect, professional negligence, unprofes-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Malitiis hominum est obviandum. The sional conduct, unprofessional treatment, violation of pro-
malicious designs of men must be thwarted. fessional code, violation of professional duty
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: legal malpractice, medical malpractice,
MALICIOUS PROSECUTION, noun indefensible prose- professional malpractice
cution, Kafka-like prosecution, malicious charges insti-
tuted by a prosecutor, malicious criminal enforcement, MALTREAT, verb abuse, assail, ill-treat, ill-use, mishan-
malicious pursuit by a law enforcement agency, prosecu- dle, mistreat, oppress, persecute
tion maintained with venal intentions, prosecution with-
out proper procedures, reprehensible prosecution, uncon- MALVERSATION, noun abuse, bad repute, crime,
scionable prosecution, unconstitutional prosecution, criminality, delinquency, dereliction, evil, immorality, im-
underhanded prosecution, unfair prosecution, unjust and propriety, malfeasance, malpractice, misbehavior, mischief,
unfair pursuit of criminal charges, unjustifiable prosecu- misconduct, misdemeanor, naughtiness, offense, transgres-
tion, unmerited prosecution, unprincipled prosecution, sion, wrongdoing
unscrupulous prosecution, unwarrantable prosecution,
wrongful prosecution MAMMOTH, adjective as high as the sky, astronomical,
colossal, enormous, gargantuan, gigantic, great, huge, im-
MALIGN, verb abuse, anathematize, asperse, attack, mense, large, massive, monstrous, mountainous, thunder-
attack the reputation of, besmirch, blaspheme, bring into ing, towering, tremendous, up to the sky, vast, walloping

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 MANIFEST

MANAGE, verb administer, administrare, administrate, jurisdictio explicari non potest. To whom jurisdiction is
be in power, boss, care for, carry on, command, conduct, given, those things also are held to be granted, without
control, cope with, dictate, direct, disburse, dominate, en- which the jurisdiction cannot be exercised.
gineer, execute, exercise authority, govern, guide, handle,
have control, have under command, head, keep in order, MANDATORY, adjective binding, bounden, called for,
lead, look after, maneuver, manipulate, master, master- coercive, commanded, commanding, compulsory, cru-
mind, occupy the chair, officiate, operate, order, oversee, cial, decreed, demanded, essential, exigent, imperative,
pilot, preside, preside over, regere, regiment, regulate, rule, incumbent on, indispensable, involuntary, necessary, ne-
run, see to, steer, subjugate, superintend, supervise, sway, cessitated, necessitous, obligatory, ordained, peremptory,
take charge of, take over, tractare, transact, treat, wield prerequisite, prescribed, pressing, required, requisite, una-
authority, work voidable, urgent, vital, without appeal, without choice
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: mandatory injunction, mandatory re-
MANAGEABLE, adjective able to be completed, able to lief, mandatory sentence, mandatory statutory provisions
be finished, controllable, capable of completing, capable of
finishing, doable, operable, performable, under control, MANDATORY MINIMUM SENTENCE, noun mandatory
workable minimum, mandatory sentencing laws, minimum jail term,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: judicially manageable standards minimum number of years in prison, nondiscretionary mini-
mum, obligatory minimum term of imprisonment, set sen-
MANAGED CARE, noun controlled medical panel, su- tencing requirements
pervised medical care, supervised medical panel ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: fixed sentence, forced sentence
Generally: health care system
MANEUVER (Tactic), noun approach, course of con-
MANAGEMENT (Directorate), noun administration, duct, decursio, decursus, device, line of action, manage-
administrators, advisors, authority, board, board of direc- ment, manipulation, mode of procedure, move, operation,
tors, bureau, bureaucracy, caretakers, central office, chair, plan of attack, planned campaign, procedure, scheme,
chairmen, command, committee, controllers, custodians, stratagem, strategy, stroke, undertaking
decision-making body, directors, directorship, executive
committee, executive office, executives, front office, gen- MANEUVER (Trick), noun artful dodge, artifice, artifi-
erals, governing body, government, headmen, headquar- cium, chicanery, circumvention, cozenage, crafty device,
ters, leaders, leadership, officers, officials, party in power, cunning contrivance, deception, decoy, design, device,
power, presidency, presidium, regime, steering commit- dodge, dolus, feint, fraud, fraudulent expedient, hoax, leg-
tee, stewards, strategists, superintendents, supervisors erdemain, machination, plot, ruse, scheme, sharp practice,
sleight, stratagem, subterfuge, trap, underhanded act, wile
MANAGEMENT (Judicious use), noun conduct, cunning
practice, dealing, disposal, economic use, employment, fi- MANEUVER, verb arrange, be in collusion, brew, cabal,
nesse, frugality, handling, manipulation, operation, prudent cheat, collude, complot, concoct, connive, conspire, con-
conduct, running, skillful treatment, steerage, thrifty use, trive, countermine, counterplot, deploy, design, devise,
treatment, usage, utilization engineer, evagari, form a plot, frame, intrigue, jockey, lay
plans, machinate, make a plan, make arrangements, man-
MANAGEMENT (Supervision), noun administratio, age, move, plan, plan strategy, plot, prearrange, proceed
administration, administrators, authority, board of direc- by stratagem, scheme, shift, take steps, trick, work out
tors, care, charge, command, control, controllers, cura, di-
rection, directorate, directors, directorship, executive arm, MANIC, adjective agitated, aroused, enraged, excited,
executives, generalship, governance, guidance, leadership, frantic, frenzied, hyped-up, hyper, hyperactive, hysterical,
managers, managership, oversight, pilotage, protectorship, incensed, inflamed, nervous, out of control, perturbed,
regulation, steering, stewardship, superintendence, surveil- stirred-up, worked-up, wrought-up
lance, tractatio, wardship ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: insanity defense
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: exclusive management, fraud in man-
agement, general management, management of one’s af- MANIFEST, adjective apertus, apparent, avowed, bald,
fairs, management of property bare, beholdable, blatant, clear, clear-cut, conspicuous, cry-
ing, crystal clear, defined, discernible, disclosed, distinct,
MANDAMUS, noun charge, command, decree, dictate, easy to see, evidens, evident, explicit, exposed, express,
direct, legislate, order, rule eye-catching, flagrant, glaring, gross, identifiable, in bold
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: writ of mandamus relief, in evidence, in focus, in full view, in sight, in the fore-
ground, in view, indisputable, indubitable, insuppressible,
MANDATE, noun authoritative command, authoritative lucid, marked, naked, not concealed, not obscure, notable,
order, behest, bid, canon, charge, command, command by noticeable, observable, obvious, open, ostensible, overt,
the court, commandment, decree, decretal, dictate, dicta- palpable, patent, perceivable, perceptible, perspicuous, per-
tion, direction, directive, edict, enactment, fiat, imperative, spicuus, plain, prominent, pronounced, public, recognizable,
instruction, judicial command, judicial decree, judicial revealed, salient, seeable, showable, standing out, sticking
order, mandatum, order, precept, prescript, prescription, out, striking, tangible, transparent, unclouded, unconcealed,
proscription, regulation, request, requirement, requisition, uncontestable, undisguised, unhidden, unmistakable, un-
rule, ruling, ultimatum, written order questionable, visible, well-defined, well-marked, well-seen
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: judicial mandate, legislative mandate, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: manifest danger, manifest error, mani-
mandate of the court fest necessity, manifest peril
FOREIGN PHRASES: Rei turpis nullum mandatum est. The
mandate of an immoral thing is void. Cui jurisdictio data MANIFEST, verb air, aperire, attest, bare, be evidence of,
est, ea quoque concessa esse videntur, sine quibus bespeak, betoken, bring forth, bring forward, bring into the

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 MANIFESTATION

open, bring out, bring to light, bring to notice, bring to the MANNERISM, noun affectation, attitude, attribute,
front, bring to view, certify, declarare, declare, demonstrate, characteristic, custom, disposition, distinct quality, eccen-
denote, designate, disclose, discover, display, divulge, evi- tricity, habit, inclination, individualism, mark, nature, odd-
dence, evince, exhibit, explain, expose, expose to view, ity, pattern, peculiarity, practice, quirk, singularity, ten-
express, hold up, hold up to view, illuminate, illustrate, dency, tic, trait
impart, indicate, lay bare, lay open, lay out, make clear,
make conspicuous, make evident, make known, make obvi- MANNERS, noun bearing, behavior, civilities, conduct,
ous, make plain, make visible, mark, open, open up, point convention, courtesy, custom, decorum, delicateness, de-
out, present, proclaim, prove, publish, represent, reveal, set meanor, deportment, etiquette, fashion, form, formalities,
forth, set out, show, signify, speak out, testify, throw open, mien, mode, pleasantries, poise, politeness, politesse, pro-
unconceal, uncover, uncurtain, undrape, unearth, unfold, prieties, protocol, style, ways
unmask, unscreen, unshroud, unveil
FOREIGN PHRASES: In rebus manifestis, errat qui auctoritates MANSLAUGHTER, noun accidental homicide, homi-
legum allegat; quia perspicua vera non sunt probanda. cide, homicidium, hominis caedes, killing, murder, reckless
In clear cases, he mistakes who cites legal authorities; for homicide, unintentional homicide, unintentional murder,
obvious truths are not to be proved. Manifesta probatione unpremeditated murder
non indigent. Manifest facts do not require proof. ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: involuntary manslaughter, killing in the
heat of passion, second-degree manslaughter, voluntary
MANIFESTATION, noun appearance, badge, declaratio, manslaughter
demonstratio, demonstration, disclosure, discovery, dis-
play, divulgence, emblem, emergence, evidence, evince- MANUAL, adjective by hand, by use of the hands, each
ment, exhibit, exhibition, expose, exposition, exposure, one, hand-operated, not automated, not automatic, old-
expression, indication, indicium, mark, materialization, fashioned, one-at-a-time, one-by-one, without technology
production, representation, revelation, show, showing, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: manual labor, manual rates
sign, signal, signification, symbol, symptom, uncovering,
unfolding, unmasking, unveiling MANUAL, noun comprehensive book, exercise book,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: manifestation of intent guidebook, handbook, how-to book, reference book,
standard, step-by-step analysis, text, textbook
MANIFOLD, adjective assorted, considerable, divers, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: buyer’s manual
diverse, diversified, innumerable, many, miscellaneous, mul-
tifarious, multifold, multiform, multiple, multiplex, multipli- MANUFACTURE, noun assemblage, assembly, composi-
cate, multitudinous, myriad, numerous, populous, profuse, tion, construction, creation, development, execution, fabrica,
several, sundry, teeming, variegated, various, varius fabrication, fashioning, forging, formation, forming, making,
molding, origination, preparation, production, synthesis
MANIPULATE (Control unfairly), verb dominate, ex-
ploit, influence, manage, misuse, pull strings, pull wires, MANUFACTURE, verb assemble, build, compose, con-
rig, rule, take advantage of, use struct, contrive, create, devise, engineer, evolve, fabricari,
fabricate, fashion, forge, form, formulate, generate, invent,
MANIPULATE (Utilize skillfully), verb apply, command, make, make by mechanical industry, make up, mass pro-
conduct, control, direct, drive, employ, engineer, govern, duce, mold, originate, process, produce, put in production,
guide, handle, lead, make use of, maneuver, operate, pilot, put together, turn out, turn out by industrial process
ply, put in action, put into operation, regulate, run, set in ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: manufacture goods, products liability
motion, set to work, steer, tractare, use, utilize, wield, work involved in manufactured goods

MANIPULATION, noun change, control, dominate, MANY (Ample), adjective abundant, adequate, aplenty,
employment, execution, exercise, exploitation, finagling, bounteous, bountiful, considerable, copious, filled, fulsome,
governance, handling, influence, machination, manage- lavish, luxuriant, plenteous, profuse, rich, rife, sufficient,
ment, maneuvering, maneuvers, plotting, ploy, regulation, surplus
scheming, take advantage of
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: manipulation of security prices, market MANY (Multiple), adjective countless, diverse, innu-
manipulation law merable, manifold, miscellaneous, mixed, multifold, multi-
tudinous, myriad, numberless, numerous, several, some,
MANNER (Behavior), noun actions, acts, address, air, sundry, uncountable
appearance, approach, aspect, attitude, bearing, behavior ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: multiple causes of action
pattern, carriage, comportment, conduct, consuetude,
course of action, course of conduct, custom, customary MAR, verb abase, begrime, besmear, besmirch, blem-
procedure, decorum, demeanor, deportment, distinctive ish, blight, cloud, color, damage, darken, debauch, deface,
social attitude, etiquette, fashion, guise, habit, habitual prac- demoralize, dirty, dishonor, distort, harm, pervert, pollute,
tice, line of action, line of conduct, look, method, method of spoil, stain, subvert, tar, tarnish, touch, twist
action, mien, mode, mode of proceeding, observance, op-
eration, pattern, personal bearing, personal style, port, MARATHON, adjective extended, forever, intermina-
posture, practice, praxis, presence, procedure, proceeding, ble, lasting, lengthened, lingering, long, long-continued,
routine, stance, style, tactics, tone, usage, way, wise, wont long-continuing, long-drawn, long-drawn-out, long-
winded, never-ending, overlong, prolonged, protracted,
MANNER (Kind), noun brand, categorization, category, taking forever, time-consuming, unending
class, classification, denomination, description, designa-
tion, division, fashion, form, grouping, ilk, kind, make, MARGIN (Outside limit), noun bank, border, boundary,
order, selection, sort, species, style, type, variety bounds, brim, brink, circumference, curb, edge, frame,

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fringe, hem, ledge, limit, lip, outskirt, perimeter, periphery, discolored, disfigured, faulty, flawed, fouled, garbled, ham-
portal, rim, shore, skirt, threshold, verge strung, harmed, hurt, impaired, imperfect, impure, in-
fected, injured, lamed, maimed, mangled, marked, muti-
MARGIN (Spare amount), noun amount reserved, clear- lated, no longer in perfect condition, pitted, rotten, ruined,
ance, elbowroom, extra amount for contingencies, extra scarred, scathed, scratched, speckled, spoiled, spotted,
amount for emergencies, headway, latitude, leeway, open- stained, sullied, tainted, tarnished, wounded
ing, reserve, reserved amount, room, room to spare, space
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: margin of profit MARRIAGE (Intimate relationship), noun accouple-
ment, alliance, bond, close relationship, closeness, cohabi-
MARGINAL, adjective average, bare, barely accepta- tation, couplement, coupling, intimacy, joining, linkage,
ble, barely adequate, below par, borderline, fair, humble, in linking, tie, union
margine positus, in margine scriptus, inappreciable, indif- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: common-law marriage
ferent, low-quality, meager, mediocre, mere, middling,
moderate, modest, passable, poor, scant, scanty, skimpy, MARRIAGE (Wedlock), noun bond of matrimony, cohabi-
tenuous, tolerable, trifling, undistinguished, wanting, weak tation, coniugium, conjugal union, conjugality, connubiality,
espousal, espousement, marriage tie, married life, married
MARGINALIA, noun commentary, entry, footnote, in- state, married status, matrimonium, matrimony, nuptiae,
scription, notation, note, memorandum, record, register nuptial bond, nuptial tie, spousal, wedded state, wedding
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: adultery, annulment, bigamous mar-
MARK, noun autograph, badge, characteristic, check, riage, consensual marriage, consummation of marriage, con-
cipher, countermark, emblem, identification, idiosyncrasy, tract of marriage, coverture, curtesy, divorce, dower, mar-
imprint, indication, initials, manifestation, marker, particu- riage ceremony, marriage license, marriage promise,
larity, proof, record, representation, sign, signature, stamp, polygamous marriage, solemnize a marriage, void marriage,
symbol, token, trace, trademark, vestige voidable marriage
FOREIGN PHRASES: Nuptias non concubitus sed consensus
MARK, verb brand, check, customize, designate, dif- facit. Not cohabitation but consent makes the valid mar-
ferentiate, earmark, hallmark, identify, impress, imprint, riage. Pater est quem nuptioe demonstrant. He is the
inscribe, label, letter, name, particularize, stamp, tag, ticket father whom the marriage points out. Semper praesum-
itur pro matrimonio. The presumption is always in favor
MARKED OFF THE CALENDAR, verb deferred, de- of the validity of a marriage. Subsequens matrimonium
layed, extended, halted temporarily, held in abeyance, tollit peccatum praecedens. A subsequent marriage re-
held off, in suspense, not heard, placed in oblivion, pro- moves a previous fault.
longed, put off indefinitely, shelved, stalled, stricken from
the calendar, suspended, suspended until restored, tabled, MARRY, verb affiance, coalesce, combine, commit,
unsettled compound, conjoin, conjugate, connect, couple, engage,
espouse, fuse, hitch, join, link, match, mate, pair off, unify,
MARKET (Business), noun agora, bazaar, bourse, con- unite, wed
cern, department store, emporium, establishment, exchange, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: Defense of Marriage Act, gay marriage
fair, financial center, general store, house, macellum, mart,
mercatus, nundinae, open mart, place of business, place of MARSHAL, noun arm of the law, bailiff, county officer,
buying and selling, place of commerce, place of trade, place court officer, dux, federal officer, law enforcement agent,
of traffic, retail store, rialto, shop, shopping center, store, minor officer of the law, officer, officer of the law, officer
trade fair, trading house, trading post, variety store who carries out orders of the court, peace officer
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: actual market value, fair market price,
market conditions, market place, market price, market value MARSHAL, verb allocate, allot, apportion, arrange,
array, assign, bring to order, collocate, compose, coordi-
MARKET (Demand), noun call, call for, consumer de- nate, deal out, disponere, distribute, fix, form into ranks,
mand, desire, desire to buy, desire to obtain, earnest seek- group, guide, index, instruere, introduce order, lead, line
ing, essentiality, heavy demand, indispensability, inquiry, up, manage, muster, organize, parcel out, place, place in
insufficiency, interest, lack, mania, necessity, need, outlet, order, position, put in order, rank, regiment, regulate, set in
pressing requirement, pursuit, request, requirement, requi- order, set up, systematize
sition, run, search, steady demand, strong demand, vogue, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: marshaling assets, marshaling liens,
want, willingness to purchase, wish marshaling remedies, marshaling securities

MARKETABLE, adjective commercial, exchangeable, MARVELOUS, adjective amazing, animating, astonish-

fit for sale, merchantable, salable, tradable, venalis, vendible ing, astounding, awesome, awful, conspicuous, energizing,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: marketable title enlightening, enlivening, excellent, extraordinary, eye-
opening, fabulous, impressive, incomprehensible, incon-
MARKETPLACE, noun agora, emporium, exchange, ceivable, incredible, meritorious, mind-boggling, miracu-
exposition, financial center, forum, open market, place of lous, notable, noticeable, outstanding, phenomenal,
business, place of business traffic, place of buying and sell- portentous, prodigious, rare, remarkable, sensational, sin-
ing, place of commerce, place of trade, plaza, shopping gular, smashing, spectacular, staggering, striking, stunning,
center, square, trading place stupendous, sublime, surprising, terrific, unbelievable, un-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: public markets common, unimaginable, unique, unthinkable, unusual, un-
wonted, wonderful, wondrous
MARRED, adjective blemished, blighted, bruised, can-
kered, contaminated, corrupted, crippled, damaged, MASK (Cover), noun camouflage, cloak, cover-up,
defaced, defective, deformed, despoiled, disabled, deflection, device, disguise, excuse, facade, false front,

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feint, front, guise, lame excuse, masquerade, mere cosmet- nobility, perfection, polish, practical ability, preeminence,
ics, obscuration, pretense, pretension, pretext, professed premiership, proficiency, profound knowledge, skill, skill-
motive, refuge, screen, sham, smoke screen, stalking fulness, specialized knowledge, style, success, superiority,
horse, stratagem, subterfuge, varnish, whitewash tact, tactfulness, technical brilliance, technical mastery,
technical skill, technique, timing, total command, unique
MASK (Shield), noun camouflage, deflection, disguise, knowledge, victory over, virtuosity, wizardry
false front, false identity, incognito, masquerade, pretense,
shield, veil MATCH (Contest), noun bout, championship, competi-
tion, fight, final game, game, games, joust, matching,
MASS (Body of persons), noun aggregate, assemblage, meet, playoff game, test, tournament, tourney
body, cluster, congregation, crowd, drove, flock, gathering,
host, mob, multitude, multitudo, phalanx, plurality, swarm, MATCH (Duplicate), noun clone, companion, copy,
throng, vulgus equal, exact copy, exact duplicate, exact likeness, facsimile,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: mass market, mass picketing likeness, mate, mirror, mirror copy, model, perfect likeness,
reflection, replica, resemblance, semblance, the image, twin
MASS (Weight), noun amplitude, bigness, body, bulk,
density, dimension, extent, fullness, gauge, greatness, MATCH (Marriage), noun alliance, arranged marriage,
immensity, largeness, magnitude, measure, measurement, bed, bond, bridal bed, bridebed, cohabitation, common-
sizableness, size law marriage, conjugal bliss, conjugal bond, conjugality,
coverture, getting hitched, holy matrimony, holy wedlock,
MASSACRE, verb annihilate, assassinate, blow away, homosexual marriage, husbandhood, ill-assorted marriage,
blow up, butcher, decimate, demolish, destroy, devastate, interfaith marriage, intermarriage, interracial marriage,
eradicate, exterminate, kill, mow down, murder, purge, si- lesbian, living as man and wife, marriage bed, marriage
lence, slaughter, slay, snuff out, waste, wipe out sacrament, married state or status, married status, match-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: assault guns, background checks, mur- ing, match-up, matrimonial union, matrimony, misalliance,
der in the first degree miscegenation, mixed marriage, nuptial bond, one flesh,
remarriage, sacrament of matrimony or marriage, splicing,
MASSIVE, adjective august, Brobdingnagian, burden- spousehood, tying the knot, union, wedded bliss, wedded
some, colossal, elephantine, enormous, giant, gigantic, state, weddedness, wedding knot, wedlock, wifehood
gross, hefty, Himalayan, huge, immense, infinite, large,
major, mammoth, mega, monstrous, monumental, outsize, MATERIAL (Important), adjective basic, capital, cardi-
overweight, planetary, ponderous, prodigious, solid, sub- nal, central, compelling, consequential, considerable, criti-
stantial, tremendous, unlimited, vast, weighty, whopping cal, crucial, decisive, effective, essential, extensive, far-
reaching, fundamental, indispensable, influential, key,
MASTER, adjective arch, authoritative, capital, central, leading, main, major, memorable, momentous, necessary,
chief, commanding, controlling, crowning, dictating, domi- paramount, pertinent, pivotal, prevalent, primary, principal,
nant, eminent, foremost, governing, great, head, hegemonic, relevant, remarkable, salient, signal, significant, substantial,
hegemonical, incomparable, influential, leading, main, most valuable, vital, weighty, worth considering
important, outstanding, paramount, predominating, preemi- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: material allegation, material alteration,
nent, prepotent, prevailing, prevalent, primary, prime, rank- material amendment, material change in circumstances,
ing, recognized, regnant, reigning, ruling, sovereign, star, material defect, material defendant, material departure
stellar, supereminent, supreme, top-flight, well-known from the truth, material error, material evidence, material
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: agency, master and servant fact, material false representation, material misrepresenta-
tion, material witness
MASTERFUL, adjective ace, adept, adroit, apt, artistic,
authoritarian, authoritative, brilliant, clever, crackerjack, MATERIAL (Physical), adjective actual, bodily, con-
cunning, slick, deft, dexterous, diplomatic, excellent, ex- crete, corporeal, corporeus, de facto, earthly, mundane,
emplary, expert, first-rate, ingenious, lordly, magical, nonspiritual, palpable, real, secular, solid, substantial,
model, polished, powerful, preeminent, professional, profi- tactile, tangible, temporal, unspiritual, worldly
cient, quintessential, refined, resourceful, statesmanlike, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: material furnished
stylish, technically brilliant, the complete professional, the
consummate professional, virtuoso MATERIAL POINT, noun benchmark, cardinal point,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: masterful arguments in court center, central idea, chief point, core, cornerstone, critical
point, crucial point, crux, essence, essential matter, essential
MASTERMIND, noun authority, creative genius, crea- part, essential point, focal point, focus, fundamental point,
tor, expert, genius, intellect, intellectual, intellectual prod- gist, gravamen, heart, heart of the matter, important issue,
igy, leader, learned person, luminary, master, mental giant, important part, inner core, kernel, linchpin, main idea,
mentor, person of intellect, prodigy, pundit, qualified per- marrow, material point, meat, nitty-gritty, nucleus, pivotal
son, sage, savant, specialist, strategist, tactician, thinker, point, prime feature, prime issue, quintessence, root, salient
wise man point, substance, substantive point
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: material point in an argument
MASTERY, noun ability, accomplishment, achievement,
acquirement, acquisition, adeptness, adroitness, artisanship, MATERIALITY (Consequence), noun caliber, distinction,
artistry, attainment, brilliance, chieftainship, cleverness, eminence, gravity, greatness, import, importance, magni-
cognizance, command, competence, comprehension, tude, materialness, matter, memorability, momentousness,
craftsmanship, cunning, expertise, expertness, extensive notability, notableness, priority, prominence, purport, rank,
knowledge, facility, finesse, grace, grasp, in-depth knowl- relevance, salience, significance, substantiality, sum and
edge, influence, ingeniousness, ingenuity, knowledge, substance, value, weight, weightiness, worth

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MATERIALITY (Physical existence), noun bodiliness, issue, item for the agenda, litigation, matter, matter being
bodily existence, body, concreteness, corporality, corpore- examined in depth, matter in controversy, matter in
ity, embodiment, entity, essential nature, existence, mass, dispute, matter in hand, matter under investigation, plot,
material existence, materialness, matter, palpability, physi- point, point at issue, point in question, polemic, position,
cal being, physical nature, physicalness, reality, solidity, premise, pretext, problem, purport, question, question at
substance, substantiality, substantialness, tangibility issue, rationale, reason, reasoning, refutation, result, stance,
subject, subject matter, substance, text, thesis, underlying
MATERIALMAN, noun artificer, builder, constructor, issue
contractor, designer, deviser, engineer, outfitter, provider,
supplier MATTER OF COURSE, noun common practice, common
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: materialman’s lien run, common state of affairs, customary procedure, general
run, natural state, ordinary run of things, ordinary state, pre-
MATERNITY, noun fertility, motherhood, motherliness, scribed form, procedure, regular procedure, routine, routine
parenthood, propagation, reproduction event, routine happening, rule, set form, usual custom, usual
occurrence, usual practice, usual procedure, usual thing
MATRIMONY, noun alliance, cohabitation, conjugality,
connubiality, consortium, espousal, espousement, joining, MATTER OF RECORD, noun a material part of the
marriage, marriage tie, married life, married state, married record, a point in question, accounted for on the record,
status, match, mating, matrimonium, nuptial bond, nup- chronicled, documented on the record, entered into evi-
tial state, nuptial tie, partnership, sacrament of marriage, dence, entered into testimony, entered into the record,
spousal, union, wedded state, wedlock introduced into evidence, introduced into testimony, on
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: matrimonial action, matrimonial co- the record, part of the record, part of the recorded pro-
habitation, matrimonial domicile, matrimonial res ceedings, part of the text of the record, part of the tran-
script, part of the transcription
MATTER (Case), noun action, causa, cause, cause in ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: court testimony, estoppel by matter of
court, claim, court action, dispute, inquiry, lawsuit, legal record
action, legal proceedings, litigation, pleadings, proceed-
ings, suit, suit at law, trial MATURE, verb accrue, advance toward perfection, age,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: matter of record attain majority, attain maturity, become due, become fully
developed, become payable, become perfected, become
MATTER (Subject), noun business on hand, case, case in prime, become ripe, bring to full development, bring to its
question, claim, concern, debatable point, dispute, field of peak, bring to maturity, bring to perfection, come of age,
inquiry, institutum, issue, item on the agenda, point, point consummate, culminate, develop, evolve, fall due, finish,
at issue, point in question, problem, proposition, proposi- grow up, maturare, maturate, nurture, perfect, ripen, season
tum, question, res, subject for inquiry, subject matter, topic, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: matured account
topic for discussion
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: immaterial matter, matter in contro- MATURITY, noun adulthood, completion, consumma-
versy, matter in dispute, matter in issue, matter in pais, tion, culmination, due date, evolution, falling due, fulfill-
matter of fact, matter of form, matter of law, matter of ment, full age, full development, full growth, majority,
record, matter of substance, matters pending matureness, maturitas, perfected condition, perfection,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Certa debet esse intentio, et narratio, et preparedness, readiness
certum fundamentum, et certa res quae deducitur in ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: maturity of a debt, maturity of an obli-
judicium. The intention, declaration, foundation, and mat- gation
ter brought to judgment ought to be certain. Eventus var-
ios res nova semper habet. A new matter always holds MAXIM, noun adage, aphorism, aphoristic expression,
the possibility of a different result. Culpa est immiscere se axiom, byword, canon, established principle, expression,
rel ad se non pertinenti. It is a fault for anyone to meddle gnomic saying, moralism, pithy saying, postulate, praecep-
in matters which do not concern him. tum, precept, principium, principle, proverb, proverbial
saying, regula, rule, sage reflection, saw, saying, senten-
MATTER IN DISPUTE, noun argument, bone of conten- tious saying, sententious utterance, statement of general
tion, case, concern, conclusion, conflict, contention, con- truth, teaching, truth, wise saying
tentiousness, contestation, controversy, crux, debate, dia-
logue, disputation, disputatiousness, dispute, embroilment, MAXIMIZE, verb add, aggrandize, amplify, augment,
essence of the dispute, feud, fight, fighting, focus of atten- balloon, blow up, broaden, build up, distend, enhance,
tion, formal argument, fracas, hostility, imbroglio, infight- enlarge, escalate, exaggerate, extend, increase, inflate,
ing, issue, item for the agenda, litigation, matter, matter loosen, magnify, pad, puff, push, spread, stretch, well,
being examined in depth, matter in hand, matter under widen
investigation, open controversy, open quarrel, plot, point,
point at issue, point in question, polemic, position, premise, MAXIMUM (Amplitude), noun ampleness, capacity,
pretext, problem, purport, quarrel, quarreling, question, fullness, greatest, peak, plentitude, saturation, size, total,
question at issue, point at issue, rationale, reason, reason- utmost
ing, refutation, result, stance, subject, subject matter, sub-
stance, text, thesis MAXIMUM (Pinnacle), noun crown, culmination, limit,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: subject matter of dispute most, ne plus ultra, upper extremity

MATTER IN QUESTION, noun argument, concern, con- MAYHEM, noun agitation, anarchy, brawl, bustle,
clusion, controversy, crux, dialogue, dispute, embroil- chaos, clamor, commotion, complication, confusion, dis-
ment, focus of attention, formal argument, imbroglio, combobulation, discord, disorder, fracas, havoc, hullabaloo,

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imbroglio, insurrection, mischief, pandemonium, quarrel, hollow, immaterial, inane, inapplicable, incomprehensible,
rebellion, revolution, riot, ruckus, trouble inconsequential, inconsiderable, ineffective, ineffectual, inef-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: crime of mayhem ficacious, insignificant, insubstantial, irrational, irrelevant,
malfunctioning, minor, miscarried, miscarrying, negligible,
MAZE (Confusion), noun complexity, confusion, con- nonsensical, not worth mentioning, of little account, of little
volution, intricacy, labyrinth, meandering, network, puzzle, consequence, of little effect, of little import, of little impor-
snarl, tangle, twist, winding tance, of no concern, of no great weight, paltry, petty, picay-
une, piddling, pointless, purposeless, senseless, small, trivial,
MAZE (Winding course), noun bafflement, befuddle- unessential, unfortunate, unimportant, unintelligible, unrea-
ment, bewilderment, complex, convolution, disorientation, sonable, unsubstantial, unsuccessful, useless, worthless
entanglement, incomprehensibility, intricacy, labyrinth, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: jury nullification, meaningless law,
meandering, morass, network, perplexity, puzzle, tangle, meaningless utterances, rendered meaningless
torsion, twist, winding
MEANS (Funds), noun assets, finances, resource, re-
MEAGER, adjective a cosmetic measure, a drop in the sources, wealth, wherewithal
bucket, bare, bare-boned, cursory, deficient, depthless, in- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: means doctrine, means of knowledge,
adequacy, inadequate, inconsequential, inconsiderable, in- means of satisfaction, means of support
frequent, insignificant, insufficient, lacking, lean, measly,
miserly, negligible, niggardly, not enough, not much, not MEANS (Opportunity), noun application, capacity, de-
plentiful, paltry, petty, picayune, piddling, pittance, rare, vices, employment, fashion, form, guise, handiness, man-
scant, scanty, scarce, seldom seen, shabby, shallow, skele- ner, measures, method, mode, serviceability, style, system,
tal, skimping, slender, slight, slim, small, spare, sparing, tone, usage, use, ways, wherewithal
sparse, sprinkled, superficial, tenuous, too little, trifling,
trivial, underfed, undernourished, undersized, under- MEASURE, noun act, bill, caveat, declaration, decree,
weight, unimportant, unsuitability, wanting dictate, edict, enactment, law, legislation, legislative enact-
ment, legislative mandate, legislative proclamation, man-
MEAN (Average), adjective central, grouping, interme- date, piece of legislation, prescript, prescription, proposal,
diary, medial, median, medium, mesial, middle, midmost, proposed act, proposition, regulation, rubric, rule, ruling,
statistical average statute
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: appropriate measures, measure of
MEAN (Base), adjective abject, brutal, contemptible, benefit, measure of damages, measure of value, regulatory
degrading, despicable, disgraceful, dishonorable, heinous, measure, remedial measures
ignoble, ignominious, inappreciable, inconsiderate, inimi-
cal, intermediate, loathsome, low-grade, low-minded, MEASURE, verb admeasure, appraise, ascertain dimen-
Machiavellian, malevolent, mediocre, mercenary, miserly, sions, ascertain size, assess, bring into comparison, calcu-
nasty, niggardly, odious, paltry, penurious, perverse, petu- late, calibrate, compare, compute, correlate, demetiri, de-
lant, questionable, servile, shady, shameful, spiteful, tight- termine size, determine value, estimate, evaluate, fathom,
fisted, vicious, vile, villainous, wretched form an estimate, form an opinion, gauge, grade, graduate,
graph, judge, liken, make a comparison, make an estimate,
MEAN, noun average, balance, center, heart, mean mark off, match, metari, mete, meter, pace off, permetiri,
proportion, median, mediocrity, medium, middle ground, portion out, quantify, rank, rate, reckon, rule, set a value on,
middle state, normal, rule size, span, survey, value, weigh
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: appropriate measure of damages
MEAN, verb affirm, allude to, bespeak, betoken, con-
note, convey, declare, denote, express, imply, import, MEASURABLE, adjective appraisable, appreciable, as-
indicate, intend, intimate, manifest, propose, purport, certainable, calculable, capable of being delineated, capa-
represent, signify ble of being quantified, computable, considerable, determi-
nable, estimable, fathomable, measured, numerable,
MEANING, noun acceptation, connotation, content, defi- perceptible, quantifiable, ratable
nition, denotation, drift, explanation, idea, import, interpreta- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: measurable pollutants
tion, purport, semantics, semasiology, sense, sententia, sig-
nificance, significatio, signification, substance, tenor, text, vis MEASUREMENT, noun admeasurement, amount, anal-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: plain meaning, secondary meaning ysis, appraisal, appraisement, assessment, bulk, calculation,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Primo excutienda est verbi vis, ne ser- capaciousness, capacity, computation, dimensions, esti-
monis vitio obstruatur oratio, sive lex sine argumentis. mate, estimation, extent, gauge, girth, greatness, large-
The force of a word should be ascertained in the beginning, ness, limit, magnitude, mass, measure, mensio, mensura,
lest the sentence be destroyed by the fault of expression, mensuration, metage, meterage, quantification, quantity,
or the law be without reason. Sensus verborum est anima rating, reckoning, size, span, survey, valuation, vastness
legis. The meaning of words is the spirit of the law. In ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: measurement of damages, measure-
testamentis ratio tacita non debet considerari, sed ment of liability
verba solum spectari debent; adeo per divinationem
mentis a verbis recedere durum est. In wills an unex- MECHANICS LIEN, noun charge, charge imposed on
pressed intention ought not to be considered, but the specific property, claim on property, hold on property,
words alone ought to be regarded; for it is difficult to re- right to enforce charge on property, security on property
cede from the words by guessing at their intention.
MECHANISM, noun apparatus, appliance, avenue,
MEANINGLESS, adjective absurd, asinine, empty, failed, components, contrivance, device, force, gadget, imple-
failing, farcical, fatuous, foolish, frivolous, fruitless, futile, ment, innards, instrument, instrumentality, machinery,

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means, medium, method, operation, route, source, struc- trivial, typical, undistinguished, unexceptionable, unexciting,
ture, system, tool, workings unimportant, uninspiring, uninteresting, unnoteworthy, un-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: finding a mechanism to enforce the objectionable, unremarkable, usual
law
MEDIOCRITY, noun acceptability, adequateness, aver-
MEDDLE, noun barge in, be curious, be officious, break age, averageness, baseness, common lot, commonness,
in on, bust in, chime in, crash the gates of, dabble in, en- commonplaceness, deficiency, fairness, inconsiderable-
croach, encumber, horn in, impose, infringe, inject into, ness, inferiority, inferiorness, insignificance, low grade, low
inquire, insert yourself into, interfere, interlope, intermed- quality, mean, meanness, mediocritas, middle state, ordi-
dle, interpose, interrupt, intervene, intrude, muscle into, nariness, passableness, poorness, satisfactoriness, stand-
obstruct, provide your two cents, pry, push in, tamper with, ardness, tolerability, tolerableness, triviality, unexceptional-
trespass ity, unimportance, unnoteworthiness, unremarkableness,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: tampering with evidence unsatisfactoriness

MEDIATE, verb adjust, adjust difficulties, arbitrate, ar- MEDIUM, noun agency, agent, broker, channel, dele-
range differences, bring to an understanding, bring to gate, deputy, emissary, envoy, expedient, go-between,
terms, bring together, compromise, conciliate, effect an instrument, instrumentality, interagency, interagent, inter-
agreement, intercede, interfere, intervene, moderate, nego- mediary, intermediate, intermediate agent, intervener, link,
tiate, pacem conciliare, parley, reconcile, referee, restore machinery, means, mechanism, mediating agency, media-
harmony, se interponere, settle, settle a dispute, settle by tor, middleman, mouthpiece, negotiant, negotiator, spokes-
conciliation, settle differences, umpire, work out differences person, tool, vehicle
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: arbitrate
MEET, verb amass, assemble, associate, band together,
MEDIATION, noun adjustment, adjustment of difficul- center around, cluster, collect, collide, come face to face,
ties, arbitration, conciliation, finding a middle course, inter- come together, concur, concurrere, confluere, congre-
cession, interference, intervention, intervention to facilitate gate, convene, converge, convoke, encounter, flock,
a compromise, negotiation, negotiation process, parley, forgather, gather together, get together, group, hold a
reconciliation, settlement of difficulties, settlement of dis- convocation, hold a meeting, hold a session, huddle,
pute inter se congredi, join, mass, muster, parley, rally, rejoin,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: fact finding, mediation board reunite, swarm, throng, unite

MEDICAID, noun government-provided health insur- MEETING (Conference), noun assembly, caucus, collo-
ance for the uninsured, health care for the underprivileged, quy, conclave, concursus, congressio, consistory, consulta-
health coverage for low income persons tion, convention, conventus, convocation, discussion, en-
Generally: health insurance, medical assistance, medical counter, exchange of views, forum, gathering, interchange of
coverage, national health insurance, supplemental medi- views, negotiation, open discussion, panel, parley, plenum,
cal program reunion, seminar, session, summit, symposium, synod
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: annual meeting of shareholders, meet-
MEDICAL CONFIDENTIALITY, noun doctor-patient ing of creditors, organizational meeting, public meeting,
confidentiality, health care provider confidentiality, patient regular meeting, special meeting
confidentiality, protection of personal identifiable medical
information MEETING (Encounter), noun appulsion, clash, collision,
concours, confrontation, contact, convergence, conver-
MEDICARE, noun government health insurance cover- gency, engagement, fusion, intersection, joining, junction,
age, government program for hospitalization of persons juncture, merger, rendezvous, unification, union
65 years of age, government-provided health insurance for ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: meeting of minds
senior citizens
Generally: health care, health protection, national health MEETING OF THE MINDS, noun accordance, agree-
insurance, supplemental medical program ment, common assent, compatibility, complete accord,
compliance, concert, concord, concordance, concurrence,
MEDICINAL, adjective Aesculapian, alexipharmic, al- consensus, consentaneity, harmony, like-mindedness, mu-
leviative, analeptic, anodyne, antidotal, antifebrile, assuas- tual understanding, rapport, unanimity, unanimousness,
ive, balmy, beneficial, cleansing, corrective, curative, de- understanding, uniformity, unison, unity
mulcent, depurative, emollient, febrifugal, healing, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bilateral contract, rescission of an
health-giving, helpful, invigorating, lenitive, medical, med- agreement
icative, palliative, purifying, recuperative, recuperatory, re-
formative, remedial, restitutive, restorative, roborant, salu- MELANGE, noun admixture, amalgam, assortment,
brious, salutary, salutiferous, sanative, sanatory, soothing, blend, cento, combination, commixture, composition,
therapeutic, therapeutical, tonic, vulnerary compound, confused mass, conglomeration, farrago, galli-
maufry, hash, hodgepodge, intermixture, jumble, medley,
MEDIOCRE, adjective acceptable, adequate, all right, minglement, miscellaneous collection, miscellany, mixture,
average, banal, colorless, common, commonplace, decent, olio, pastiche, patchwork, potpourri, union
everyday, fair, fairish, good enough, inconsequential, indif-
ferent, inferior, inglorious, insignificant, lesser, lifeless, low- MELIORATE, verb adorn, advance, ameliorate, amend,
class, low-grade, low-quality, meager, mean, mediocris, assuage, beautify, better, correct, cultivate, cure, doctor,
medium, middle, middling, moderate, modest, normal, or- elaborate, elevate, embellish, emend, enhance, enrich, for-
dinary, passable, poor, prosaic, prosaical, run-of-the mill, ward, have a good influence, improve, invigorate, lard, make
satisfactory, second-rate, so-so, standard, tolerable, trite, better, make improvements, mend, mitigate, modernize,

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palliate, polish, purify, raise, reclaim, rectify, reface, refine, MENACE, noun commination, danger, dangerous situ-
reform, refresh, refurbish, regenerate, rehabilitate, reinvigor- ation, hazard, imminent danger, imperilment, intimidating
ate, relieve, render better, renew, renovate, reorganize, re- force, intimidation, minacious force, minacity, peril, prog-
pair, restore, revive, touch up, transfigure, transform, up- nostic, threat
grade, uplift
MENACE, verb affright, alarm, cause alarm, comminate,
MELTDOWN, noun agitation, alarum, anxiety, appre- direct a threat against, disconcert, disquiet, disturb, exhibit
hension, breakdown, destruction, discomposure, disquiet, hostile intentions, frighten, impend, inspire fear, intimidate,
disturbance, episode, incident, perturbation, tailspin put in bodily fear, put in fear, raise apprehensions, scare,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: fiscal meltdown, global fiscal crisis, show hostility, startle, strike with overwhelming fear, terrify,
recession threaten, unnerve

MEMBER (Constituent part), noun article, branch, cate- MENDACIOUS, adjective artful, clever in deception, col-
gory, component, department, division, element, factor, lusive, concocted, counterfeit, covinous, cunning, deceitful,
feature, fraction, ingredient, integral part, item, link, part, deceiving, devoid of truth, dishonest, distorted, embroi-
piece, portion, section, segment, share, small part, subdivi- dered, fabricated, false, falsified, feigned, fictitious, fraudulent,
sion, subordinate part, unit given to lying, incorrect, insincere, invented, lacking truth,
lying, made up, make-believe, mendax, misrepresentative,
MEMBER (Individual in a group), noun affiliate, associ- misrepresented, misstated, not straightforward, perfidious,
ate, belonger, cardholder, committeeperson, comrade, perjured, perverted, pretended, prevaricating, sham, sly,
confederate, constituent, cooperator, copartner, cosharer, spurious, truthless, uncandid, ungenuine, untrue, untruthful,
enlistee, enrolled person, fellow, follower, guildsman, in- unveracious, unveridical, varnished, void of truth, wrong
sider, participator, partner, patron, registered person,
shareholder, sharer, stockholder, teammate MENDACITY, noun deception, dishonesty, disingenu-
ousness, distortion, exaggeration, fabrication, falsehood,
MEMBER OF THE LEGAL PROFESSION, noun advocate, falsification, guilefulness, inaccuracy, legal fiction, lie, lying,
attorney, attorney at-law, barrister, barrister-at-law, coun- mendaciousness, misrepresentation, misstatement, not
sel, counselor, counselor-at-law, esquire, lawyer, legal credible, overstatement, partial truth, prevarication, sketch,
advisor, legal advocate, legal consultant, legal practitioner, tale, untruth, untruthfulness
practitioner, solicitor
MENIAL, adjective base, basic, beginning, crude, ele-
MEMORABLE, adjective celebrated, classic, conse- mental, fundamental, humble, introductory, lamblike,
quential, descent, distinguishable, doable, dramatic, electri- lowly, modest, mundane, ordinary, preliminary, prepara-
fying, elevated, eminent, esteemed, estimable, eventful, tory, primal, primary, primitive, rudimental, rudimentary,
excellent, exceptional, exciting, extraordinary, famous, servile, simple, slavish, tedious, trivial, unassuming, un-
fantastic, favorable, fine, first-rate, formidable, historic, il- complicated, unpretentious
lustrious, important, inspiring, makes the cutoff, marked,
momentous, notable, noteworthy, of mark, ordinary, out- MENS REA, noun criminal design, criminal guilt, crimi-
standing, passes muster, passes the grade, prestigious, nal intent, criminal purpose, criminality, culpability, vice,
prominent, reasonably notable, remarkable, special, sub- wrong, wrongdoing
lime, telling, thrilling, top-notch, top ten, unique, unusual
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: memorable decision MENTAL ABILITY, noun acuity, acumen, alertness, apti-
tude, astuteness, braininess, brainpower, brilliance, canni-
MEMORANDUM, noun aide-memoir, annotation, brief, ness, capacity, common sense, discernment, discriminabil-
chronicle, memoir, notation, note, postnote, record, report ity, insight, intellect, intellectualism, intelligence, judgment,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: memorandum of law keenness, mentality, mind, perception, reason, sense, tal-
ent, understanding, wisdom, wit
MEMORANDUM OF LAW, noun brief, brief containing
legal arguments, brief containing legal justification, compen- MENTAL CAPACITY, noun ability, adequacy, adroit-
dium of law justifying a case, condensation of law supporting ness, aptitude, capability, clearheadedness, competence,
a case, extract of body of law justifying a position, legal effectiveness, facility, faculty, fitness, health, lucidity, nor-
abstract of law supporting a case, legal document, legal malcy, normality, rationality, reason, sanity, soundness,
memorandum, memorandum, summary of case law sup- understanding, wherewithal
porting an action, summary of law supporting positions, sum- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: criminal insanity, intent, mens rea, not
mary on the law, supporting legal issues, supporting posi- guilty by reason of insanity
tions, synopsis of law, the legal arguments in favor of a case,
the legal basis supporting the outcome of a case MENTALLY ILL, adjective bereft of reason, certifiable,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: memorandum of law in support, mo- delirious, demented, deranged, disabled, disordered, fre-
tion for a directed verdict, motion to dismiss netic, frenzied, hysterical, incoherent, maniacal, manic,
mental, mentally deranged, neurotic, of unsound mind,
MEMORY (Commemoration), noun celebration, remem- paranoiac, phobic, psychotic, raving, suffering with schizo-
brance, writing phrenia, unsound
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: insanity
MEMORY (Retention), noun mind, recalling, recollec-
tion, reflection MENTION (Reference), noun allegation, allusion, asser-
tion, comment, communication, enlightenment, expres-
MEN, noun chaps, fellows, gentlemen, gents, guys, sion, hint, implication, indication, indirect hint, inference,
lads, males, members of the male sex insinuation, intimation, mentio, note, passing word, recital,

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recitation, referent, relation, remark, report, statement, MERCURIAL, adjective adaptable, capricious, change-
suggestion able, changeful, erratic, finicky, fluctuating, fluid, inconsis-
tent, inconstant, irregular, mutable, temperamental, uncer-
MENTION (Tribute), noun acclaim, acclamation, adula- tain, undependable, unpredictable, unreliable, unstable,
tion, applause, appreciation, approbation, approval, blan- unsteady, vacillating, variable, versatile, volatile, wavering
dishment, celebration, citation, commendation, compli-
ment, credit, decoration, esteem, eulogistic speech, MERE, adjective bare, just, nothing but, only, plain,
eulogy, exaltation, expression of merit, flattery, glorifica- sheer, simple
tion, high opinion, homage, honor, laud, laudation, mark of ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: mere assumption of title, mere glim-
honor, official recognition, panegyric, plaudit, praise, public mering of reason, mere license, mere possibility
recognition, regard, respect
MERETRICIOUS, adjective artificial, bedizened, brum-
MENTION, verb acquaint, adduce, advert to, affirm, al- magem, cheap, counterfeit, deceitful, deceptive, delusive,
lude to, announce, annunciate, apprise, assert, bring word, fake, false, fraudulent, garish, gaudy, imitation, misleading,
broach, cite, comment upon, communicate, confide to, con- mock, ornate, sham, showy, speciously attractive, spurious,
vey information, convey knowledge, declare incidentally, tawdry, theatrical, tinsel, vulgar
denominate, direct the attention to, disclose, discuss, di- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: adultery, meretricious relationship
vulge, enlighten, enumerate, express, give a hint, give no-
tice, give utterance, hint at, impart, indicate, inform, insinu- MERGE, noun alliance, amalgamation, amassing, asso-
ate, intimate, let know, make allusion to, make known, name, ciation, blending, bringing together, buildup, coalescence,
note, notify, observe, point out, point to, recite, recount, refer combination, coming together, compact, compound, com-
to, remark on, report, reveal, speak of, specify, state, stipu- pression, concentration, condensation, congealing, con-
late, suggest, talk about, tell, touch upon, utter, voice gealment, congelation, conglomeratization, conjoining,
conjunction, conjuncture, connection, consolidation, con-
MERCANTILE, adjective business, commercial, eco- tract, contraction, crystallization, fortification, fusion, hard-
nomic, exchange, financial, fiscal, industrial, market, ening, intensification, joining, melding, mixing, mixture,
merchandising, monetary, trade solidification, supplement, unification, uniting
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: mercantile law, mercantile paper ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: doctrine of merger in copyright law,
doctrine of merger in estates, merge companies, merger
MERCENARY, adjective accessible to bribery, acquisi- doctrine
tive, avaricious, bribable, conductus, corrupt, corruptible,
covetous, exacting, exploitative, grasping, greedy, hired, MERGE, verb absorb, ally, amalgamate, associate, band
hireling, leased, materialistic, mercenarius, money con- together, be one with, be swallowed up, blend, cement,
scious, money hungry, motivated by a desire for money, combine, compound, conglomerate, conjoin, consolidate,
motivated by greed, opportunistic, paid, possessive, prof- entwine, fuse, harmonize, incorporate, intermingle, inter-
iteering, purchasable, rapacious, selfish, simoniacal, unide- mix, intertwine, join, join forces, lose identity, lose individu-
alistic, usurious, venal, venalis ality, melt into one, mix, piece together, unify, unite, weld

MERCHANDISE, noun articles, articles of commerce, MERGER, noun absorption, affiliation, alliance, amalga-
assets, belongings, capital goods, cargo, chattel, com- mation, assimilation, association, centralization, coales-
modities, consumer durables, consumer goods, contents, cence, coalition, combination, confederation, conflation,
effects, freight, goods, goods for sale, items for sale, line, consolidation, federation, fellowship, fusion, incorporation,
line of goods, manufactured goods, material assets, materi- integration, joinder, joint concern, loss of identity, mixture,
als, merx, movables, possessions, produce, property, pro- partnership, solidarity, syndicate, unification, union, united
visions, res venales, salable commodities, shop goods, front, voluntary association
specialty, staples, stock, stock in trade, store, supplies, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: compulsory merger, conglomerate
tangible assets, vendibles, wares merger, consolidation, forced merger, horizontal merger,
merger of estates, vertical merger
MERCHANT, noun businessperson, chandler, consigner,
dealer, distributer, distributor, entrepreneur, handler, MERIT, noun character, concern, concernment, conse-
hawker, huckster, mercator, merchandiser, middleman, quence, consideration, credit, desert, deservedness, digni-
monger, peddler, retailer, salesperson, seller, shopkeeper, tas, distinction, excellence, emphasis, good actions, good
shopman, storekeeper, trader, tradesperson, vendor behavior, goodness, greatness, honor, import, importance,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Jus accrescendi inter mercatores, pro interest, meritoriousness, meritum, note, praiseworthy
beneficio commercii, locum non habet. The right of sur- quality, quality, rectitude, richly deserving, righteousness,
vivorship does not exist between merchants for the benefit self-importance, significance, superiority, uprightness,
of commerce. value, virtue, virtus, worth, worthness
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: affidavit of merits, dismissal on the
MERCILESS, noun barbaric, barbarous, bestial, brutal, merits, merit system
callous, cold-blooded, cold-hearted, cruel, ferocious,
fierce, harsh, heartless, indifferent, inhuman, monstrous, MERIT, verb be deserving, be entitled to, be worthy of,
murderous, pitiless, relentless, remorseless, ruthless, san- deserve, due, earn, justify, richly deserve
guinary, savage, severe, stony-hearted, unappeasable,
uncaring, uncivilized, uncompassionate, unconcerned, un- MERITORIOUS, adjective above par, acceptable, admi-
feeling, unforgiving, unmerciful, unremorseful, unsparing, rable, approvable, approved, august, benevolent, better,
unsympathetic, untamed, unyielding, vicious, vindictive, charitable, chivalric, chivalrous, choice, commendable,
without mercy commendatory, conscientious, creditworthy, creditable,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: merciless law dazzling, decent, deserving, deserving of commendation,

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 MESNE

deserving of compliment, deserving of praise, deserving of system, tactic, technique, uniformity, via, way, working plan
reward, desirable, dignified, distinctive, distinguished, du- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: business methods, method of opera-
teous, dutiful, edifying, elevated, eminent, entitled, envia- tions
ble, estimable, ethical, excellent, exemplary, extraordinary,
fine, first-rate, generous, glorious, good, good-quality, gra- METHODICAL, adjective carefully designed, carefully
cious, great, greathearted, guiltless, heroic, high-minded, planned, clocklike, correct, detailed, detail-oriented, exact,
high-principled, honest, honorable, idealistic, impeccable, ordered, orderly, organized, precise, regular, specific, stan-
incorrupt, incorruptible, irreproachable, just, laudabilis, dardized, structured, systematic, systematized, thorough,
laudable, laudatory, laude dignus, lofty, magnanimous, thoughtful
magnificent, marvelous, moral, noble, perfect, philan-
thropic, popular, possessing merit, praiseworthy, preemi- METICULOUS, adjective alert, assiduous, attentive,
nent, prime, princely, principled, proper, quality, rare, re- careful, circumspect, clean, conscientious, considered, cor-
fined, reliable, remarkable, reputable, right-minded, rect, diligens, diligent, exact, exacting, faithful, fastidious,
righteous, select, solid, sound, splendid, stainless, sterling, finical, finicking, finicky, fussy, gingerly, heedful, industri-
sublime, substantial, superb, superior, superlative, supreme, ous, mindful, minute, minutely careful, neat, orderly, over-
terrifc, tested, uncensurable, unimpeachable, unselfish, up- careful, painstaking, particular, precise, punctilious, regard-
right, valuable, virtuous, well-done, well-intentioned, won- ful, rigid, rigorous, scrupulous, strict, thorough,
derful, worth imitating, worthwhile, worthy, worthy of fame, thoroughgoing, tidy, vigilant, watchful
worthy of praise
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: meritorious cause, meritorious cause of MIDDLE, adjective average, axial, centermost, central,
action, meritorious claim, meritorious defense, meritorious centric, centroidal, equidistant, halfway, interjacent, inter-
grounds mediary, intermediate, mean, medial, median, mediate,
mediocre, medium, mid, midmost, midway, pivotal
MESNE, adjective coming between, interfering, interja-
cent, intermediary, intermediate, intervenient, intervening, MIDDLE, noun average, axis, center, centrality, central
mean, median, middle, transitional part, central point, central position, centrum, core, focal
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: mesne attachment, mesne grant, point, heart, hub, kernel, mean, medium, mesne, mid-point,
mesne process, mesne profits midst, nucleus

MESSAGE, noun account, billet, bulletin, cable, commu- MIGHT, noun authoritativeness, brawn, durability, effi-
nication, disclosure, dispatch, intelligence, issuance, letter, cacy, energy, force, greatness, influence, intensity, main
missive, note, notice, notification, report, signal, statement, force, mightiness, muscle, potency, potential, powerful-
telegram, wire ness, prowess, puissance, robustness, severity, sinew,
strength, sturdiness, toughness, vigor, vitality
METAMORPHOSES, noun adjustment, alteration,
change, development, disfigurement, distortion, emerging MIGRANT, noun colonist, gypsy, nomad, ranger, rover,
reformation, modification, mutation, refashioning, reforma- settler, trekker, wanderer
tion, remodeling, revamping, revision, reworking, shift,
transfiguration, transformation, transition, transmutation MILD (Affable), noun amiable, calm, civil, compas-
sionate, conciliatory, considerate, docile, easy, easy to
METE, noun barrier, border, borderland, borderline, get along with, easy-going, easy-natured, fair, forbearing,
bound, boundary, boundary line, boundary mark, bounds, forgiving, genial, good-natured, good-tempered, gra-
circumscription, confine, division line, end, limit, limitation, cious, halcyon, humane, inane, indulgent, insipid, judi-
line of circumvallation, line of demarcation, margin, meas- cious, kind, lenient, lukewarm, meek, mellow, merciful,
ure, outline, perimeter, periphery, rim, terminal, terminus moderate, mollifying, nonviolent, pacific, passive, peace-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: legal description, metes and bounds ful, placid, pleasant, pretty, prudent, sensitive, serene,
sober, subdued, submissive, sympathetic, tactful, tame,
METE, verb admeasure, administer, allocate, allot, appor- tepid, tractable, tranquil, unassertive, unassuming, un-
tion, apportion by measure, appropriate, assess, assign, be- complaining
stow, consign, deal out, dispense, distribute, divide, dole out,
give, give out, hand out, issue, measure, measure out, parcel MILD (Temperature), noun bland, easy, flat, gentle,
out, pay out, present, ration, share out, split, weigh out insipid, jejune, moderate, middle ground, neutral, passive,
placid, pleasant, pretty, soft, subdued, tame, tasteless,
METEORIC RISE, noun ascension, ascension to star- temperate, tepid, tranquil, unexcessive, unflavored, weak
dom, ascension to the top, ascent, augmentation, blastoff,
boost, change, elevation, expansion, gain, hike, increase, MILESTONE, noun boiling point, break, breaking point,
levitation, liftoff, promotion, soaring, upgrade, upheaval, climax, crossroad, crucial point, event, flash point, happen-
upsurge, upsweep, upturn ing, highlight, juncture, landmark, major development,
major point, milepost, significant development, turnabout,
METHOD, noun arrangement, blueprint, classification, turnaround, watershed
consistency, course, course of action, custom, discipline,
established order, fixed order, formula, habit, layout, logical MILITANT AGGRESSOR, noun adversary, agitator, an-
order, manner, master plan, means, mode, modus, opera- tagonist, assailant, attacker, belligerent, brawler, bruiser,
tion, order, orderliness, orderly arrangement, orderly dispo- combatant, contender, disputant, duelist, enemy, fighter,
sition, organization, plan, practice, procedure, process, pro- foe, offensive, opponent, pugilist
gram, program of action, ratio, reduction to order, regular
arrangement, regularity, regularity of action, routine, rule, MILITARY TRIBUNAL, noun armed services court,
scheme of arrangement, sequence, settled procedure, setup, armed services court of law, armed services judiciary, army

430
 MINORITY

tribunal, judiciary of the army, military court, military court MINISTERIAL, adjective administrative, agential, at-
of law, military judiciary, military trial tendant, attending, auxiliary, bureaucratic, effectual, func-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: Patriot Act tional, helpful, helping, implemental, instrumental, inter-
medial, intermediary, intermediate, intervening, managing,
MILITATE, verb act on, affect, agitate, bring about officiating, operative, practical, serviceable, useful
change, carry on, contra rem facere, contrive, control, deal ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: ministerial act, ministerial duty, minis-
with, direct, engineer, handle, have effect on, have influ- terial officer
ence on, influence, interfere, manage, maneuver, manipu-
late, meddle, mold, operate, perform on, rei adversari, rei MINOR, adjective accessory, cursory, dispensable, ex-
obstare, shape, steer, take action, wield, work pendable, futile, immaterial, inappreciable, inconsequen-
tial, inconsiderable, ineffectual, inessential, inferior, insig-
MIND, noun animus, attitude, brain, brains, compre- nificant, insubstantial, irrelevant, junior, less important,
hension, conatus, concept, conception, concern, con- lesser, little, low-level, lower, meaningless, mere, minimal,
science, consideration, contemplation, conviction, desire, minimum, minute, modest, negligible, nonessential, not
estimation, expectation, frame, gray matter, intellect, intel- vital, not worth mentioning, nugatory, obscure, of no ac-
ligence, intent, judgment, memory, mentality, observa- count, of second rank, paltry, peripheral, petty, picayune,
tion, personal judgment, pleasure, position, propensity, scant, secondary, slight, small, smaller, subaltern, subordi-
psyche, reason, theory, thinking, understanding, will, wish nate, subsidiary, superficial, trifling, trivial, unessential, un-
important, uninfluential, unnecessary, unnoteworthy, un-
MINDFUL, adjective aware, be reminded of, bear in noticeable
mind, call to mind, conjure up, do not forget, fix in the ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: minor breach, minor defect, minor
mind, have at your fingertips, heed, keep in mind, know, dispute, minor subdivision
know once again, master, memorize, preserve, recall, rec-
ognize, recollect, remind oneself, retain, summon up, MINOR, noun adolescent, baby, child, dependent, fil-
think back ius familias, individual under age, individual under the age
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: mitigating factors in sentencing of majority, infant, junior, juvenile, one not legally compe-
tent, person under legal age, person under 18 years of age,
MINIMAL, adjective abbreviated, abridged, below the person who is not of full age, pubescent, teenager, under-
mark, brief, cut, deficient, diminished, diminutive, exigu- age person, ward, young person, youngling, youngster,
ous, fragmentary, impalpable, inappreciable, inconsidera- youth
ble, infinitesimal, insufficient, lean, least, lesser, light, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: emancipation of a minor, minor de-
Lilliputian, limited, little, low, meager, minimum, minor, pendent, unemancipated minor
minute, moderate, modest, narrow, paltry, reduced, rudi- FOREIGN PHRASES: Minor minorem custodire non debet,
mentary, scant, scanty, scarce, short, shortened, slender, alios enim praesumitur male regere qui seipsum regere
slight, slim, small, smallest, thin, tiny, under par, under the nescit. A minor ought not to be guardian to a minor, for a
mark, undersized, unimportant person who knows not how to govern himself is presumed
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: minimal jurisdictional contacts, mini- to be unfit to govern others. Meliorem conditionem
mal standards suam facere potest minor, deteriorem nequaquam. A
minor can make his own condition better, but by no means
MINIMIZE, verb abbreviate, abridge, attach little impor- worse. Succurritur minori; facilis est lapsus juventutis.
tance to, attenuate, bedwarf, belittle, cheapen, clip, criticize, A minor is to be favored; youth errs easily. Minor non
curtail, cut down, cut down to size, cut short, decimate, tenetur respondere durante minori aetati, nisi, in causa
decrease, decry, deduct, deflate, degrade, demote, depre- dotis, propter favorem. A minor is not held responsible
ciate, derogate, detract, diminish, discount, disparage, dis- during his minority, unless, by reason of favor, in the matter
prize, dwarf, lessen, lower, make brief, make less, make little of dower.
of, make smaller, make thin, misprize, overshadow, pare,
pay little attention to, pay little heed to, prune, reduce, MINORITY (Infancy), noun childhood, immaturity, in-
render less, ridicule, run down, scale down, scorn, set at experience, infant status, legal immaturity, legal incapacity,
naught, shave, shorten, show no respect, shrink, slash, legal incompetence, nonage, period of being under legal
slight, slur over, sneer at, strip, subtract, thin, think little of, age, period of being under statutory age, puerility, unripe-
think nothing of, underestimate, underpraise, underprice, ness, youth, youthfulness
underrate, underreckon, understate, undervalue ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: age of minority, incapacity to contract,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: minimize damage voidable contracts
FOREIGN PHRASES: Haeres minor uno et viginti annis non
MINIMUM, noun bit, dash, drop, fragment, iota, jot, respondebit, nisi in casu dotis. A minor heir under
least amount, least part, least quantity, lowest quantity, 21 years of age is not answerable, except in the matter of
minim, modicum, morsel, mote, pars minima, particle, dower. Minor ante tempus agere non potest in casu
piece, quorum, scantling, scintilla, shade, sliver, small proprietatis nec etiam convenire. A minor under age
amount, small quantity, sprinkling, sufficiency, sufficient cannot act in a case of property.
amount, tincture, tinge, tittle, touch, trace, whit
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: minimum age, minimum charge, mini- MINORITY (Outnumbered group), noun insignificant
mum fee schedule, minimum price, minimum wage number, lesser group, lesser part, the outvoted, paltry few,
peripheral group, powerless group, secondary group, small
MINIMUM WAGE, noun bare minimum wage, barely group, small number, small percentage, small proportion,
adequate income, least recompense, lowest acceptable small quantity, smaller group, smaller part, subordinate
wage, lowest lawful pay, lowest legal hourly rate of com- group, subsidiary group, uninfluential group, weak group
pensation, lowest permissible wage, lowest possible remu- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: minority group, minority member,
neration minority party, minority stockholders

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MINUTE, adjective fiddling, foolish, frivolous, inciden- misconceive, misconjecture, misconstrue, miscount, mis-
tal, inconsequential, inconsiderable, insignificant, little, deem, misestimate, misjudge, misreckon, mistake, re-
minimal, minor, negligible, nugatory, slight, small, tiny, ceive a false impression, slip, slip up, stray, stumble, un-
trifling, trivial derstand incorrectly

MIRACLE, noun accomplishment, beauty, curiosity, MISCARRIAGE, noun abortion, abortive attempt, abor-
delight, event, good fortune, happening, inconceivable tive effort, bad behavior, breakdown, cadere, collapse, de-
marvel, incredible wonder, inspiring development, marvel, fault, defeat, disappointment, downfall, failure, fiasco, frus-
occurrence, phenomenon, portent, revelation, sensation, tration, futile effort, hopeless failure, ineffectiveness,
sight, spectacle, spectacular development, splendor, sur- ineffectual attempt, loss, lost labor, misadventure, misbe-
prise, wonder, wow havior, mischance, misconduct, misfire, mistake, negative
result, noncompletion, nonfulfillment, nonperformance,
MISADVISED, adjective badly advised, fatuous, ill-ad- nonsuccess, overthrow, parum procedere, perdition, rout,
vised, ill-considered, ill-judged, illogical, impolitic, impru- ruin, secus procedere, stoppage, successlessness, total loss,
dent, in error, inadvisable, incautious, indiscreet, inexpedi- unlawful act, unproductivity, vain attempt, vain effort
ent, infelicitous, injudicious, irrational, irresponsible, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: miscarriage of justice
misconducted, misdirected, misguided, misinformed, mi-
sinstructed, misled, mistaken, poorly advised, reasonless, MISCELLANEOUS, adjective admixed, aggregated,
reckless, senseless, shortsighted, thoughtless, unconsid- amalgamated, assorted, blended, collected, combined,
ered, unreasonable, unreflecting, unsensible, unsound, un- commingled, commixed, composite, disparate, diverse,
thinking, unthoughtful, unwary, unwise, wrongly advised diversified, diversiform, diversus, eclectic, heterogeneous,
inconsistent, indiscriminate, intermixed, jumbled, manifold,
MISAPPLICATION, noun abuse, corrupt use, dishonest many, medley, merged, mixed, mosaic, motley, multifari-
application, dishonest use, distortion, errancy, error, extrava- ous, multiform, multiplex, nonuniform, of every descrip-
gance, false construction, fraudulent application, idle ex- tion, of mixed character, of various kinds, promiscuus,
penditure, illegal application, improper use, impropriety, scrambled, sundry, unclassified, unselected, unsorted, var-
incorrect application, incorrect usage, incorrect use, irregu- ied, variegated, variform, various, varius
larity, malapropism, malpractice, misappropriation, miscon-
ception, misconstruction, misemployment, misexplanation, MISCHIEF, noun annoyance, criminality, cruelty, damage,
misexplication, mishandling, misinterpretation, misjudg- damnum, danger, detriment, devilment, deviltry, disservice,
ment, mismanagement, mistake, mistranslation, misunder- evil, evil conduct, fault, foul play, frolicsomeness, harm, harm-
standing, misusage, misuse, misuse of funds, misuse of ful action, hurt, ill consequence, impishness, incommodum,
words, perversion, poor usage, prodigality, reckless ex- infliction, injurious conduct, injuriousness, injury, injustice,
penditure, squandering, useless expenditure, usus perver- knavery, maleficium, malicious action, malignity, maltreat-
sus, waste, wasteful expenditure, wastefulness, wrong ap- ment, meanness, misbehavior, misconduct, misdoing, misu-
plication, wrong interpretation, wrong usage, wrong use, sage, molestation, nastiness, naughtiness, nuisance, outrage,
wrongful use playfulness, prankishness, puckishness, rascality, roguery,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: misapplication of funds roguishness, ruin, transgression, trouble, vice, villainy, wag-
gery, waggishness, wickedness, wrong, wrongdoing
MISAPPREHEND, verb be deceived, be in error, be ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: malicious mischief
misled, be mistaken, blunder, confuse, distort, err, fail to
understand, have the wrong impression, miscalculate, MISCONCEIVE, verb be deceived, be misguided, be
miscomprehend, misconceive, misconstrue, misdeem, misinformed, be misled, be mistaken, blunder, deceive
misinterpret, misjudge, misreckon, mistake, misunder- oneself, delude oneself, distort the meaning, err, estimate
stand, receive a false impression, take amiss, take wrongly incorrectly, fail to understand, fall into error, guess wrong,
interpret incorrectly, labor under a misapprehension, make
MISAPPROPRIATE, verb bilk, cheat, commit breach of a mistake, misapprehend, miscalculate, misconjecture,
trust, divert, embezzle, exploit, expropriate, misapply, mis- misconstrue, misdeem, misestimate, misinterpret, mis-
direct, misemploy, mismanage, peculate, pilfer, purloin, judge, misreckon, misunderstand, perperam accipere, per-
rob, steal, swindle vert, put a false construction on, receive a false impression,
receive a wrong impression, value incorrectly
MISAPPROPRIATION, noun abuse, appropriation for a
dishonest use, appropriation for a wrongful use, arrogation, MISCONCEPTION, noun blunder, confusion, decep-
breach of trust, conversion, defalcation, defraudation, diver- tion, delusion, distortion, error, fallacy, false assumption,
sion, embezzlement, fraud, fraudulent conversion, illegal false impression, falsity, illogical conclusion, incorrect as-
use of property, larceny, malversation, misapplication, mi- sumption, incorrect conclusion, misapplication, misappre-
semployment, misusage, misuse, peculation, pilferage, hension, misconjecture, misestimation, misguided conclu-
stealing, swindle, theft, thievery, wrongful conversion of sion, misinformation, misjudgment, mistake,
property, wrongful use misunderstanding, wrong impression
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: conversion, misappropriation of funds
MISCONDUCT, noun bad conduct, bad management,
MISCALCULATE, verb be erroneous, be in error, be crime, delictum, delinquency, dereliction, deviation from
misguided, be misled, be mistaken, be wrong, blunder, rectitude, dishonest management, disorderly conduct, error,
calculate wrongly, commit an error, deceive oneself, de- failing, failure, fault, guilty act, ill management, illegality,
viate, err, errare, estimate incorrectly, fall into error, falli, improper conduct, impropriety, indiscretion, infamous con-
go amiss, go astray, go awry, have the wrong impres- duct, maladministration, malfeasance, malpractice, malversa-
sion, labor under a misapprehension, labor under an tion, misadministration, misbehavior, misdeed, misde-
error, make a mistake, male computare, miscompute, meanor, misdoing, misfeasance, misgovernment,

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 MISFORTUNE

misguidance, mismanagement, misprision, negligence, non- credence to, give no credit to, harbor suspicions, have
feasance, offense, peccadillo, peccatum, tort, transgression, doubts about, have fears, have no confidence in, have no
turpitude, unprofessional conduct, wrong, wrongdoing faith in, have questions, have reservations, have suspicions,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: discharge for misconduct, gross mis- hesitate, hold questionable, lack confidence, lack convic-
conduct, misconduct in office, official misconduct tion, lack faith, misbelieve, misgive, mistrust, pause, ques-
tion, scruple, suspect, waver, withhold judgment
MISCONSTRUE, verb be confused, be in error, be mis-
led, be wrong, blunder, confuse, construe wrongly, distort, MISEMPLOY, verb abuse, abuti, corrupt, defile, dese-
fail to understand, garble, get wrong, have an incorrect crate, dissipate, distort, divert, employ improperly, ill-treat,
impression, make a mistake, misapprehend, misconceive, ill-use, maltreat, manipulate improperly, misapply, misap-
misinterpret, misjudge, misread, mistake, misunderstand, propriate, misconduct, misdirect, misdo, mishandle, mis-
pervert, put a false sense on, receive a false idea, receive a manage, misrule, misspend, mistreat, misuse, molest,
false impression, twist the words, understand improperly overtax, overwork, pervert, pollute, prostitute, ruin, spoil,
squander, taint, use wrongly, violate, waste, wear out
MISCUE, noun bad idea, blunder, botch, bungle,
clumsy performance, corrigendum, deviation, erratum, MISERABLE (Deplorable), adjective awful, bad, discon-
error, flaw, fumble, impropriety, inadvertence, inadvert- certing, disgusting, lousy, low, morbid, poor, terrible, unac-
ency, irregularity, miscalculation, misjudgment, miss, mis- ceptable, unpleasant, upsetting, wretched
statement, misstep, mistake, misunderstanding, omission, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: deplorable prison conditions
oversight, slip, stumble
MISERABLE (Unhappy), adjective bleak, broken-
MISDEED, noun abomination, atrocity, bad behavior, hearted, cheerless, crestfallen, depressed, depressing,
blunder, crime, cruel act, culpable omission, delict, delic- depressive, desolate, despondent, disconsolate, dismal, dis-
tum, delinquency, dereliction, dutilessness, evil deed, fault, tressed, downcast, dreary, elegiac, forlorn, funereal, gloomy,
felony, guilty act, illegality, improper behavior, impropriety, glum, hopeless, inconsolable, melancholic, melancholy, mo-
infamous conduct, infraction, infringement, iniquity, injury, rose, pessimistic, sad, sepulchral, sorrowful, woeful
injustice, lapse, lawlessness, malefaction, maleficium, mal-
feasance, malpractice, malversation, misbehavior, miscon- MISERY, noun ache, affliction, agony, asperity, calam-
duct, misdemeanor, misdoing, misfeasance, mistake, of- ity, crucible, curse, depths of despair, difficulty, disaster,
fense, outrageous act, peccadillo, peccancy, peccatum, distress, drag, gall, hardship, heartache, heartbreak, horror,
scrape, sin, slip, transgression, trespass, villainy, violation, joylessness, misfortune, nightmare, ordeal, pain, rigor,
wicked action, wicked deed, wrong, wrongdoing soreness, straits, torment, torture, tragedy, trial, tribulation,
unhappiness
MISDEMEANOR, noun act committed in violation of
law, act of lawbreaking, breach of law, crime committed, MISESTIMATION, noun bad judgment, distorted idea,
criminal act, criminal activity, criminal offense, delictum, distorted impression, erroneousness, error, fallaciousness,
dereliction, guilty act, illegality, improbity, impropriety, false idea, false impression, inaccuracy, inaccurateness, in-
indiscretion, infamous conduct, malfeasance, malversation, correct appraisal, incorrect evaluation, incorrect valuation,
misdeed, misdoing, misfeasance, offense, offense against inexactitude, inexactness, misapprehension, miscalcula-
the law, peccadillo, punishable offense, transgression, vio- tion, miscomputation, misconception, misconjecture, mis-
lation of law, wicked deed, wrong interpretation, misjudgment, misreckoning, misstatement,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: felony, high crimes and misdemeanors, mistake, misunderstanding, poor judgment, uncorrectness,
misdemeanor complaint, petit misdemeanor, violation unpreciseness, warped idea, warped impression, warped
judgment, wrong impression
MISDIRECT, verb confound, confuse, create a false im-
pression, give a false impression, instruct badly, involve in MISFEASANCE, noun breach of law, civil wrong, derelic-
error, lead astray, lead into error, misaddress, misadvise, tion, deviation from rectitude, improper action, improper
miseducate, misguide, misinform, misinstruct, mislead, performance, infringement, injurious exercise of lawful au-
misteach, put off the scent, throw into confusion thority, injurious exercise of authority, misconduct, misdeed,
misdoing, offense, offense against the law, official miscon-
MISDOING, noun badness, blunder, bungle, crime, duct, peccadillo, transgression, unlawful use of power, viola-
cruel act, culpability, delinquency, deviation from rectitude, tion of law, wrong, wrong arising from affirmative action,
dishonesty, disorderly conduct, dutilessness, error, evildo- wrongdoing, wrongful performance of a normally legal act,
ing, fault, foul play, guilty act, illegality, immorality, impro- wrongfulness
bity, impropriety, incorrectness, indiscretion, inexcusability, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: malfeasance, negligence, nonfeasance
infamous conduct, injustice, irregularity, knavery, lawless-
ness, maladministration, malefaction, malpractice, malversa- MISFORTUNE, noun accident, adverse event, adverse
tion, misapplication, misbehavior, mischief, misconduct, fortune, adverse lot, adverse luck, adversity, affliction,
misdeed, misdemeanor, misfeasance, mismanagement, backset, bad fortune, bad luck, bale, blow, calamitas, ca-
misprision, offense, outrage, peccadillo, rascality, roguery, lamity, casualty, cataclysm, catastrophe, comedown, de-
ruffianism, scrape, sharp practice, slip, transgression, tres- struction, disadvantage, disappointment, disaster, evil for-
pass, turpitude, unrighteousness, unsuitability, vice, villainy, tune, fortuna adversa, hardship, ill fortune, ill luck,
violation, wicked deed, wickedness, wrong, wrongfulness incommodum, infelicity, misadventure, mischance, mis-
hap, problem, reverse, ruin, setback, suffering, tragedy,
MISDOUBT, verb be apprehensive, be doubtful, be ir- trial, tribulation, trouble, unforeseen adversity, unfortunate
resolute, be nervous, be skeptical, be uncertain, be unde- occurrence, unlucky accident, unlucky happening, visitation
termined, challenge, cherish doubts, disbelieve, distrust, FOREIGN PHRASES: Festinatio justitiae est noverca infortunii.
doubt, entertain doubts, entertain suspicions, give no The hastening of justice is the stepmother of misfortune.

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 MISGIVING

Negligentia semper habet infortunium comitem. MISINTERPRETATION, noun distortion, incompre-

Negligence always has misfortune for a companion. hension, misapplication, misapprehension, misconception,
misconstruction, misconstruing, misestimation, misimpres-
MISGIVING, noun anxietude, anxiety, anxious con- sion, misinterpretation, misknowledge, misperception,
cern, anxiousness, apprehension, apprehensiveness, con- misprison, misreading, mistake
cern, critical attitude, disquiet, distrust, doubt, doubtful- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: professional malpractice
ness, dubiety, fear, fearfulness, forbodement, foreboding,
gaingiving, hesitation, inquietude, lack of certainty, lack MISJOINDER, noun bad match, incongruity, misalli-
of confidence, metus timor, mistrust, mistrustfulness, ance, misfit, mismatch
nervousness, objection, perturbation, praesagium, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: misjoinder of causes, misjoinder of parties
prediction of misfortune, premonition, presage, presenti-
ment, qualm, reluctance, reservation, reserve, skeptical- MISJUDGE, verb be bewildered, be perplexed, blunder,
ness, skepticism, sollicitudo, trepidation, uncertainty, err, err in judgment, estimate incorrectly, fail to recognize,
uneasiness have a wrong impression, judge erroneously, judge inac-
curately, judge wrongly, make a mistake, make an error,
MISGOVERN, verb administer badly, administer im- male iudicare, misapprehend, miscalculate, miscompute,
properly, administer poorly, govern badly, maladminister, misconceive, misconstrue, misdeem, misesteem, misesti-
male administrare, male regere, manage badly, misadmin- mate, misinterpret, misread, misreckon, mistake, mis-
ister, misdirect, misguide, mismanage, misrule, rule dis- think, misunderstand, rate incorrectly
honestly
MISJUDGMENT, noun bad judgment, error, fallacy,
MISGUIDE, verb befool, beguile, bewilder, cause a mis- grave injustice, gross injustice, imposition, inaccuracy, inac-
take, cause error, conceal, corrupt, create a false impres- curateness, inequitableness, inequity, inexactitude, inexact-
sion, deceive, delude, dissemble, distort, falsify, fool, in ness, injustice, misapprehension, miscalculation, miscarriage
errorum inducere, lead astray, lead into error, lie, maladmin- of justice, miscomputation, misconception, misconstruction,
ister, misadvise, misconduct, misdirect, miseducate, mis- misestimation, misinterpretation, mistake, misunderstand-
handle, misinform, misinstruct, mislead, mismanage, ing, poor judgment, unfair judgment, unfairness, unjust
misrepresent, misstate, misteach, pervert, tell a falsehood, opinion, unpreciseness, wrong estimation
tell a lie, tell an untruth, trip
MISLABEL, verb brand incorrectly, classify incorrectly,
MISHANDLE (Maltreat), verb abuse, assail, assault, bat- deceive, defraud, describe incorrectly, designate incor-
ter, defile, handle badly, ill-treat, ill-use, impose upon, in- rectly, docket incorrectly, falsely characterize, identify in-
jure, manhandle, maul, misemploy, misuse, molest, over- correctly, label incorrectly, lead astray, lead into error, mark
burden, persecute, ravish, rough, treat abusively, treat ill, incorrectly, misbrand, mischaracterize, misclassify, misde-
treat improperly, tyrannize, use dispiteously, use wrongly, nominate, misdescribe, misdesignate, misdirect, misguide,
victimize, violate, wrong misidentify, misinform, mislead, mismark, misname, mis-
represent, misstate, misticket, mistitle, name incorrectly,
MISHANDLE (Mismanage), verb abuse, administer im- represent incorrectly, stamp incorrectly, tag incorrectly,
properly, conduct dishonestly, conduct without efficiency, ticket incorrectly, title incorrectly
conduct without honesty, handle badly, maladminister, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: fraud
manage badly, misconduct, misdirect, misuse, squander,
use wrongly, waste MISLEAD, verb bait, be dishonest, befool, beguile,
cause error, cheat, corrupt, counterfeit, cozen, create a false
MISHAP, noun accident, adversity, affliction, bump, impression, cully, deceive, decipere, decoy, defraud, de-
calamity, casualty, cataclysm, catastrophe, challenge, colli- lude, dissemble, distort, double-cross, dupe, ensnare, en-
sion, deathblow, dilemma, disaster, failure, glitch, hardship, trap, fallere, falsify, fib, fool, give a false idea, give a false
interference, letdown, malfunction, misadventure, mis- impression, guide astray, guide into error, guide wrongly,
chance, misfortune, obstacle, obstruction, roadblock, trag- in errorem inducere, lead astray, lead into error, lie, misad-
edy, trial, wall, wreck vise, misdescribe, misdirect, miseducate, misguide, misin-
form, misinstruct, misrepresent, misstate, misteach, per-
MISINFORM, verb conceal, create a false impression, vert, practice deception, prevaricate, seduce, snare,
deceive, delude, distort, exaggerate, falsify, give a false sophisticate, swindle, take advantage of, take in, tell a false-
impression, misadvise, miscolor, misdirect, miseducate, hood, tell an untruth, trap, trick, varnish
misguide, misinstruct, mislead, misrepresent, misstate, mi-
steach, propagandize, report inaccurately MISMANAGE, verb act foolishly, act improperly, admin-
ister improperly, administer inefficiently, administer poorly,
MISINTERPRET, verb be misled, blunder, confuse, blunder, boggle, botch, bungle, confound, derange, disar-
distort, err, explain incorrectly, fail to understand, garble, range, fail, flounder, fumble, ill-manage, maladminister,
jumble, make a mistake, make an error, male interpretari, manage poorly, manage unskillfully, misadminister, misap-
misapprehend, miscalculate, misconceive, misconjecture, ply, misappropriate, misconduct, misdirect, misdo, misem-
misconstrue, misdeem, misjudge, misread, misreckon, mis- ploy, misgovern, misguide, mishandle, misrule, missend,
represent, mistake, mistranslate, misunderstand, place a misuse, neglect, pervert, reduce to chaos, spoil, violate
false construction on, place a wrong construction on, place rules
an erroneous construction on, receive a false impression, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: mismanage trust assets
receive a wrong idea, receive an incorrect impression, twist
the meaning, understand incorrectly MISNOMER, noun error in naming, misapplied name,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bilateral mistake, mistake of fact, miscalling, misnaming, misterm, wrong designation,
mistake of law, recission, reformation, unilateral mistake wrong name

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 MISTAKE

MISPRISION, noun contempt, delinquency, deviation MISS (Overlook), verb disregard, fail to accomplish, fail
from rectitude, malefaction, malfeasance, malpractice, mal- to attain, fail to catch, fail to hear, fail to perform, fail to
versation, misconduct, misdeed, misfeasance, neglect, receive, fail to see, fail to understand, fall short, gloss over,
negligence, obstruction of justice, offense, transgression, go amiss, go astray, ignore, lack, let slip, let the moment
violation, wrongful action of a public official pass, lose, lose an opportunity, miscarry, miscue, misfire,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: clerical misprision, misprision of fel- miss a chance, miss the mark, not succeed, omit, overlook,
ony, misprision of treason pretermit, prove unsuccessful, skip

MISPRIZE, verb be contemptuous of, belittle, contemn, MISS THE MARK (Not convey properly), verb be off the
deprecate, depreciate, despise, disdain, disesteem, dispar- mark, cause error, close to, commit an error, get an incorrect
age, disprize, disregard, feel contempt for, hold cheap, assessment, give a false impression, gloss over the signifi-
hold in contempt, look down upon, make little of, make cance, go amiss, go astray, go wrong, labor under a misap-
nothing of, minimize, misjudge, overlook, push aside, ridi- prehension, make a mistake, miss the importance, miss the
cule, run down, scorn, set at naught, slight, sneer at, speak most important issue, not be clear, not be germane
slightingly of, underestimate, underprize, underrate, under-
reckon, undervalue MISS THE MARK (Not on point), verb be deceived, be
erroneous, be misguided, be misled, be mistaken, be wrong,
MISREAD, verb be deceived, be erroneous, be mis- commit an error, delude oneself, fall into error, labor under a
taken, blunder, confuse, distort, err, fall into error, garble, misapprehension, make a mistake, misapprehend, miscalcu-
interpret incorrectly, make a mistake, misapprehend, mis- late, miscompute, misconstrue, misinterpret, misjudge,
construe, misdeem, misidentify, misinterpret, mistake, misunderstand, receive a false impression
mistranslate, misunderstand, pervert, put a false construc- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: directed verdict, motion to dismiss
tion on, put a wrong construction on, read incorrectly, re-
ceive a false impression, receive a wrong impression, re- MISSION, noun aim, appointment, assignment, busi-
ceive an incorrect impression, translate incorrectly, twist ness, calling, charge, commission, concern, delegation,
the meaning of, understand incorrectly design, duty, embassy, errand, goal, job, legation, man-
date, objective, office, profession, purpose, pursuit, task,
MISREPRESENT, verb assert incorrectly, be false, bear trust, undertaking, venture, vocation, work
false witness, beguile, belie, betray, break faith, calumniari,
camouflage, color, contort, deceive, defraud, delude, dep- MISSTATE, verb be deceptive, be erroneous, deceive,
ravare, disguise, dissemble, dissimulate, distort, distort in- delude, dissemble, distort, falsify, give a false impression,
tentionally, dupe, embroider, equivocate, exaggerate, ex- give a wrong idea, lead astray, lead into error, lie, mis-
plain wrongly, fabricate, fake, falsify, feign, fool, give a false guide, misinform, mislead, misreport, misrepresent, per-
coloring, give a false representation, hoax, lie, malign, mis- vert, prevaricate, state incorrectly, state misleadingly, tell a
cite, miscolor, misdescribe, misexplain, misguide, mislead, falsehood, tell a lie, tell an untruth, twist the meaning
misquote, misreport, misrepresent, misstate, misteach,
mock, overstate, palter, pass off for, perjure oneself, per- MISSTATEMENT, noun bad reporting, blunder, deceit,
vert, pretend, prevaricate, put a false appearance on, put a deception, deviation from truth, distortion, duplicity, erra-
false construction on, represent falsely, represent fraudu- tum, error, false statement, falsehood, falsification, fiction,
lently, represent incorrectly, sham, simulate, slant, speak imprecision, inaccuracy, incorrect statement, inexactitude,
falsely, state an untruth, state falsely, tell a falsehood, tell inexactness, insincerity, lie, mendacity, mendacium, misin-
lies, trick, trump up, twist the meaning of, understate, utter formation, misrepresentation, mistake, perjury, perversion,
a falsehood pretense, slip, subreption, suppression of truth, untruth,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: fraud, knowingly misrepresent, mis- untruthfulness, wrong statement
represent a material fact ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: misstatement of fact

MISREPRESENTATION, noun deceitfulness, deception, MISSTATEMENT OF FACT, noun distortion, exaggeration,

deceptive statement, deceptiveness, distortion, exaggera- fabrication, false coloring, false statement, falsification, gar-
tion, fabrication, false representation, false statement, bled version, misconstruction, misinformation, misinterpreta-
falsehood, falsification, falsity, fraud, inaccuracy, incorrect tion, misrepresentation, misstatement, perversion, untruth
assertion, intentional misstatement, lie, misapplication, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: perjury, subornation of perjury
misconstruction, misguidance, misquotation, misreport,
misstatement, misstatement of fact, overstatement, untrue MISSTEP, noun accident, blunder, challenge, dilemma,
statement, untruth, untruthfulness, unveracity errancy, error, fault, fumble, gaffe, inaccuracy, inconve-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: actionable misrepresentation, deceit, nience, interference, lapse, misapprehension, miscalcula-
false misrepresentation, fraudulent misrepresentation, in- tion, miscue, misimpression, misinterpretation, misjudg-
nocent misrepresentation, material misrepresentation, ment, mistake, obstacle, obstruction, omission, oversight,
misrepresentation of a material fact, negligent misrepre- problem, slip, slipup, stumble, trip
sentation
MISTAKE, verb be deceived, be erroneous, be in the
MISRULE, noun anarchism, anarchy, breakdown of wrong, be misguided, be misled, be mistaken, blunder,
administration, chaos, confusion, disorder, disorganiza- bungle, commit an error, confuse, err, fall into error, get
tion, impolicy, lawlessness, maladministration, malfea- wrong, go amiss, go astray, go wrong, identify incorrectly,
sance, misconduct, misdirection, misgovernment, misguid- ignorare, labor under a misapprehension, misapprehend,
ance, mishandling, mismanagement, turmoil, unruliness miscalculate, misconceive, misconstrue, misidentify, misin-
terpret, misjudge, misread, misunderstand, name inaccu-
MISS (Long for), verb desiderate, desire, pine for, regret rately, put a false sense on, receive a false impression, re-
the loss ceive a wrong impression, slip up, stumble

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ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: excusable mistake, harmless error, mispronunciation, misuse, peculation, perversion, pollution,
mistake of fact, mistake of law, mistaken identity, mutual prostitution, violation, wrong use
mistake, unilateral mistake
MISUSE, noun abuse, degradation, erroneous use, ill
MISTAKEN, adjective beguiled, confused, cozened, treatment, ill usage, ill use, improper usage, improper use,
deceived, deluded, duped, errant, erroneous, fallacious, incorrect usage, incorrect use, maladministration, malprac-
false, fooled, hoaxed, hoodwinked, ill-advised, inaccurate, tice, maltreatment, misapplication, misappropriation, mi-
inexact, misadvised, misguided, snowed, strung along, semployment, mishandling, mismanagement, mistreat-
tricked, untrue, wrong ment, misusage, perversion, solecism, usus, violation,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: case of mistaken identity wrong use
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: misuse of a product, misuse of an
MISTREAT, verb abuse, afflict, aggrieve, annoy, assail, easement, misuse of funds, misuse of powers, misuse of
assault, attack, badger, be hurtful, be malevolent, be offen- property, patent misuse
sive, be pitiless, be rude, be violent, bear malice, berate, FOREIGN PHRASES: Expedit reipublicae ne sua re quis male
bother, bruise, bully, burden, cause evil, cause pain, create utatur. It is for the interest of the state that no one should
havoc, debase, desecrate, destroy, disoblige, distress, dis- make ill use of his property.
turb, do an injustice to, do violence to, do wrong, force,
give pain, harass, harm, harrow, harry, heckle, hurt, ill-treat, MITIGATE, verb abate, abate in intensity, adjust, allay,
ill-use, impair, induce pain, inflict evil, inflict pain, injure, lay alleviate, ameliorate, appease, assuage, check, control,
waste, lead into trouble, make mischief, malign, maltreat, curb, cushion, decrease, diminish, ease, give relief, lenire,
manhandle, maul, misemploy, misgovern, mishandle, mis- lessen, lessen in force, lighten, make less severe, meliorate,
manage, misrule, misuse, molest, offend, oppress, over- mitigare, mitiorem facere, moderate, moderate in severity,
burden, overtask, overtax, overwork, persecute, pervert, mollify, palliate, reduce, regulate, relieve, restrain, soften,
plague, pollute, prostitute, provoke, run down, savage, temper, unburden
show ill will, spite, strain, strike, torment, torture, trample ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: duty to mitigate
on, tread on, treat badly, tyrannize, use dispiteously, use
hard, use wrongly, vex, victimize, violate, waste, wear out, MITIGATING, adjective abating, alleviating, ameliora-
work evil, worry, wound, wrong tive, assuaging, calmative, diminishing, discounting, eas-
ing, exculpatory, excusing, extenuating, lessening, limiting,
MISTRIAL, noun abrogation, annulment, cancellation, col- meliorative, modifying, palliative, qualifying, reducing,
lapse, disannulment, erroneous trial, failure, fruitless trial, in- relieving, softening, subduing, tempering
effective trial, invalid trial, nonfulfillment, nonsuccess, nuga- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: duty to mitigate damages, mitigating
tory trial, nullification, nullity, revocation, terminated trial, circumstances
unproductive trial, unsuccessful trial, useless trial, void trial,
worthless trial MITIGATING FACTOR, noun diminution of sentence,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: deadlocked jury, declaration of a mis- extenuating circumstance, factor that decreases the sever-
trial, prejudicial error ity of an offense, favorable sentencing consideration, help-
ful factor, lower-level classification, mitigating circumstance
MISTRUST, verb apprehend, be anxious, be apprehen-
sive, be cautious, be doubtful, be dubious, be loath, be MITIGATION, noun abatement, abridgment, adjustment,
nervous, be skeptical, be uncertain, cherish doubts, distrust, alleviation, assuagement, attenuation, comforting, decrease,
doubt, dread, entertain doubts, entertain suspicions, fear, diminishment, diminution, easing, lessening, levamentum,
give no credit to, harbor doubts, harbor suspicions, have levatio, lightening, mitigatio, moderation, palliation, reduc-
anxiety, have doubts, have fears, have misgivings, have no tion, relaxation, relief, softening, soothing, weakening
faith in, have no trust in, have qualms, have reservations, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: mitigation of damages, mitigation of
have suspicions, hesitate, hold back, lack belief in, lack sentence
confidence in, lack faith in, lack trust in, misdoubt, misgive,
question, regard with suspicion, shrink from, shy from, MITTIMUS, noun authorization, command, command
suspect, treat with reserve to incarcerate, court order of imprisonment, decree, de-
cretal, direction to imprison, edict, legal order, mandate,
MISUNDERSTAND, verb be confused, be ignorant, be in official order, order, transcript of minutes of commit-
the wrong, be misguided, be misled, be mistaken, blun- ment, warrant of commitment, written precept of impris-
der, commit an error, confuse, delude oneself, distort, err, onment
fail to understand, fall into error, jumble, labor under a ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: commitment
misapprehension, lack information, make a mistake, misap-
prehend, miscalculate, misconceive, misconstrue, mis- MIX, verb amalgamate, associate, blend, combine,
deem, misinterpret, misjudge, misperceive, misread, mis- commingle, commix, compound, conjoin, consolidate, de-
reckon, mistake, perperam, pervert, put a false construction nature, desegregate, diffuse, fuse, incorporate, interfuse,
on, put a wrong construction on, put an erroneous con- intermingle, interpolate, intersperse, interweave, join,
struction on, receive a wrong impression, twist the mean- merge, mingle, pool, put together, unite
ing, understand wrongly
MIXED, adjective amalgamated, assorted, bound,
MISUSAGE, noun abuse, bad treatment, corruption, brought together, combined, commixed, composite, con-
debasement, defilement, degradation, desecration, distor- glomerate, cross-bred, disparate, divergent, diverse, eclec-
tion, diversion, exploitation, force, ill treatment, ill usage, tic, heterogeneous, hybrid, incorporated, indiscriminate,
improper usage, improper use, impropriety, maladministra- intermingled, intermixed, joint, merged, motley, multiple,
tion, malapropism, malpractice, malversation, misapplica- multitudinous, myriad, sundry, unsorted, various
tion, misappropriation, misemployment, mismanagement, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: single-purpose bills

436
 MOIETY

MOCK (Deride), verb chaff, deridere, disparage, fleer, MODERN, adjective au courant, contemporary, current,
flout, gibe, heckle, hold in derision, hold up to ridicule, hoot, fashionable, futuristic, happening, high-tech, in modish, lat-
inridere, insult, jeer, joke about, lampoon, laugh at, ludibrio, est, modernistic, modernized, new, new age, newest,
make a butt of, make a fool of, make fun of, poke fun at, rag, nouvelle, now, present, recent, relevant, stylish, updated,
ridicule, satirize, scoff, scorn, sneer, snicker, snigger, spurn, up-to-date
taunt, tease, treat with contempt, treat with derision, treat ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: a modern interpretation of the
with disrespect, treat with scorn, trifle with, twit Constitution, a modern reading of the construction of a
statute
MOCK (Imitate), verb act, ape, assume the appearance
of, burlesque, caricature, copy, counterfeit, do likewise, MODEST (Insubstantial), adjective average, intermedi-
duplicate, echo, emulate, fake, feign, follow, follow suit, ate, little, middling, midsize, minimal, moderate, nominal,
follow the example of, impersonate, mime, mimic, mirror, slight, small
model after, pantomine, parody, parrot, pattern after, per-
sonate, play a part, portray, pretend, repeat, reproduce, MODEST (Unassuming), adjective acquiescent, bashful,
satirize, simulate, take after, take off on, travesty cowering, cringing, demure, diffident, down-to-earth,
meek, mousy, overmodest, passive, quiet, reserved, retir-
MODE, noun convention, course, craze, custom, de- ing, self-effacing, sheepish, shrinking, subdued, timid, un-
sign, fad, fashion, form, formula, guise, habit, manner, affected, unaggressive, unassertive, unobtrusive, unpreten-
means, method, modus, outline, practice, precedent, pre- tious, yielding
vailing style, prevailing taste, prevalence, procedure, proc-
ess, protocol, rage, ratio, regulations, routine, rule, rules, MODICUM, noun fraction, fragment, grain, insignificant
scheme, shape, style, system, taste, technique, tendency, amount, iota, minimum, minor amount, mite, particle, pau-
tenor, trend, usage, via, vogue, way lulum, paulum, small amount, small quantity, trifle amount

MODE OF OPERATION, noun approach, avenue, be- MODIFICATION, noun adaptation, adjustment, alteration,
havior, conduct, course, course of conduct, definite proce- change, correction, exception, limitation, partial change,
dure, fashion, form, guise, line of action, manner of operat- qualification, reservation, restriction, slight change, variation
ing, means, method, methodology, mode, modus operandi, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: amendment, material modification,
plan of action, practice, procedure, process, standard pro- modification of a contract, modification of a decree, modi-
cedure, strategy, style, system, tactics, technique, usage, fication of a will, modification of an order, modification of
way, ways and means judgment, reformation

MODEL, noun antetype, archetype, copy, copy in MODIFY (Alter), verb adapt, adjust, affect, ameliorate,
miniature, design, example, exemplar, exemplum, facsim- amend, change, commutare, convert, correct, effect a
ile, gauge, guide, ideal, image, imitation, miniature, mold, change, emend, emendate, give a new form to, improve,
paradigm, paragon, pattern, plan, precedent, prototype, improve upon, introduce changes, make adjustments, make
replica, representation, sample, specimen, standard corrections, make improvements, meliorate, metamor-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: Model Code phose, modernize, mutare, overhaul, qualify, readjust, rear-
range, recast, reconstruct, rectify, refine, reform, regularize,
MODERATE (Preside over), verb act as chairman, act as remodel, remold, render in a better form, reshape, revamp,
moderator, act as president, administer, be at the head of, revise, rework, rewrite, touch up, transfigure, transform,
be in authority, chair, command, control, direct, discipline, transmute, transubstantiate, vamp, vary, work over
govern, have charge of, head, hold in check, hold sway ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: modify a contract, modify a decision,
over, hold the chair, lead, manage, master, officiate, over- modify an order
see, pilot, police, regulate, run, stand over, steer, supervise,
take charge of MODIFY (Moderate), verb abate, allay, assuage, blunt,
check, condition, curb, cushion, decrease, ease, extenuate,
MODERATE (Temper), verb abate, allay, alleviate, ap- lessen, lighten, limit, lower, make less extreme, make less
pease, assuage, attemper, blunt, calm, chasten, check, con- intense, make less severe, mitigate, moderari, mollify,
strain, cool, curb, dampen, decelerate, decrease, diminish, qualify, reduce, regulate, restrict, soften, subdue, temper,
dull, ease, hush, keep within bounds, lessen, lighten, limit, temperare, tone down
make less, mitigate, modify, mollify, mute, narrow, pacify,
palliate, qualify, quell, quiet, reduce, repress, restrain, sea- MODUS OPERANDI, noun approach, behavior, conduct,
son, slacken, slow down, smooth, sober, soften, soothe, still, course, course of conduct, definite procedure, line of conduct,
subdue, suppress, tame, tone down, tranquilize, weaken manner, manner of operating, means, method, methodology,
mode, mode of operation, mode of procedure, operation,
MODERATION, noun abstemiousness, abstinence, alle- order, pattern, procedure, process, routine, standard proce-
viation, assuagement, avoidance of extremes, balance, dure, style, system, tactics, technique, way, ways and means
calmness, composure, conservatism, constraint, continence,
continentia, control, coolness, deliberateness, diminution, MODUS VIVENDI, noun interim agreement, manner of
dispassionateness, economy, equanimity, fairness, forbear- living, method of living, mode of living, nonpermanent
ance, frugality, gentleness, innocuousness, justice, lack of agreement, nonpermanent arrangement, provisional settle-
excess, lenience, leniency, lenity, limitation, mean, mild- ment, temporary agreement, temporary arrangement,
ness, mitigation, moderateness, moderatism, modus, non- temporary settlement, transient arrangement, way of life,
violence, palliation, patience, quiet, reasonableness, reduc- way of living, working arrangement
tion, regulation, restraint, restriction, sedateness, self-control,
sobriety, steadiness, temperance, temperantia, temperate- MOIETY, noun allotment, division, equal part, equal
ness, thrift, thriftiness share, 50 percent, fraction, fragment, half, indefinite portion,

437
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indefinite share, measure, parcel, part, percentage, piece, MONEY, noun affluence, assets, bank note, bankroll,
portion, ration, section, segment, share buying power, capital, cash, change, coin, coinage, cur-
rency, finances, fortune, funds, greenback, hard cash, in-
MOLD, verb alter, break down, change, coach, com- come, legal tender, means, measure of value, medium of
mute, convert, corrupt, develop, disintegrate, encourage, exchange, mintage, nummus, pecunia, property, resources,
form, influence, inspire, make over, metamorphose, mod- revenue, riches, specie, standard of value, substance, token,
ify, mutate, recast, redo, refashion, remake, retool, revise, treasure, wealth, wherewithal, working capital
revolutionize, rework, serve as a role model, shape, trans- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: money award, money damages,
figure, transform money decree, money demand, money due and owing,
money had and received, money judgment, money paid
MOLEST (Annoy), verb anger, arouse, badger, bother, into court, moneyed corporation
discommode, disquiet, disturb, harass, harm, harry, hound,
hurt, incense, incommode, inconvenience, inflame, injure, MONITION (Legal summons), noun authoritative cita-
interfere with, interrupt, irk, irritate, misuse, perturb, pester, tion to appear, authoritative command, bidding, call, cita-
pique, plague, provoke, ruffle, sollicitare, tease, torment, tion, command, commandment, decree, dictate, direction,
trouble, vex, vexare, worry edict, fiat, invitation, legal notice, mandate, notice to ap-
pear, notification, official call, official notice, order, requisi-
MOLEST (Subject to indecent advances), verb abuse, tion, rescript, subpoena, summons, summons to appear
assault, attack, defile, rape, ravish, sexually abuse, sexually and answer, warrant, writ
assault, violate
MONITION (Warning), noun admonishment, admoni-
MOLESTATION, noun abuse, aggravation, annoyance, tion, advice, alarm, alert, caution, caveat, dehortation, en-
bother, disturbance, ill treatment, ill usage, inconvenience, lightenment, exhortation, forewarning, hint, indication, in-
interference, interruption, intrusion, irritation, maltreat- formation, notice, notification, prediction of danger
ment, meddling, mistreatment, nuisance, oppression, per-
secution, vexatio, vexation MONITOR, verb admonitor, attend, audit, check, con-
duct an inquiry, control, eavesdrop, examine, guard, inquire
MOLLIFICATION, noun abatement, allayment, allevia- into, inspect, investigate, keep in sight, keep in view, listen,
tion, amelioration, appeasement, assuagement, calmness, observe, overlook, oversee, review, scan, scrutinize, study,
check, conciliation, curb, deadening, decrease, diminish- subject to examination, subject to scrutiny, survey, watch
ment, diminution, dulcification, easement, easing, lessen-
ing, lightening, lull, mediation, melioration, mitigation, MONOPOLIZE, verb absorb, appropriate, control, con-
pacification, palliation, placation, propitiation, reconcilia- trol market supply, control prices, control trade, corner,
tion, reduction, relaxation, relief, slackening, softening, corner the market, dominate, engage, engross, enthrall, ex-
softness, soothing, tranquilization ercise exclusive rights, grip, have all to oneself, hold spell-
bound, hold the interest of, involve, keep entirely to oneself,
MOLLIFY, verb abate, allay, alleviate, ameliorate, ap- obtain exclusive possession, occupy, own exclusively, retain
pease, assuage, attemper, blunt, calm, check, compose, exclusive control, retain exclusive possession, secure exclu-
conciliate, cool, curb, deaden, decrease, diminish, dulcify, sive control, secure exclusive possession, stifle competition,
dull, ease, give relief, hush, improve, lenire, lessen, lull, suppress competition
make better, mediate, meliorate, mellow, milden, mitigare, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: conspiracy to monopolize, restraint of
mitigate, moderate, mollire, pacificate, pacify, palliate, pla- trade
cate, propitiate, quell, quiet, reconcile, reduce, relax, re-
lieve, restrain, smooth, soften, soothe, still, subdue, tem- MONOPOLY, noun control, control of the market,
per, tone down, tranquilize, weaken control of trade, domination, exclusive control, exclusive
possession, exclusive privilege to carry on a traffic, exclu-
MOMENT, noun a mere split second, beat, eyeblink, sive right, monopolium, oligopoly, sole control of a com-
flash, heartbeat, instant, minute, nanosecond, period, modity
phase, second, space, spell, split second, stretch, time, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: antitrust laws, combination in restraint
while of trade, exemptions from antitrust laws, price fixing, trust
FOREIGN PHRASES: Commercium jure gentium commune
MOMENTOUS, adjective big, consequential, critical, esse debet, et non in monopolium et privatum pauco-
crucial, earthshaking, far-reaching, fateful, grand, grave, rum quaestum convertendum. By the law of nations,
great, important, impressive, magni momenti, major, commerce ought to be common and not converted into a
marked, material, memorable, notable, noteworthy, out- monopoly and the private gain of a few persons. Monopolia
standing, prominent, remarkable, serious, signal, signifi- dicitur, cum unus solus aliquod genus mercaturae uni-
cant, special, stirring, substantial, uncommon, unordinary, versum emit, pretium ad suum libitum statuens. A
unusual, weighty monopoly is said to exist when one person alone buys up
the whole of one kind of commodity, fixing a price at his
MOMENTUM, noun antecedent, boost, catalyst, cause, own pleasure.
encouragement, goad, headway, impetus, incentive, incita-
tion, incitement, inducement, instigation, motivation, mo- MONSTROUS, adjective aberrant, abnormal, abomi-
tive, occasion, reason, spark, spur, stimulant, stimulus, nable, awful, bad, bloodcurdling, defaced, deformed, dire,
success distorted, fearsome, forbidding, formidable, frightening,
grotesque, heart-stopping, heinous, horrible, horrific, hor-
MONETARY, adjective capital, financial, fiscal, minted, rifying, irregular, misshapen, nightmarish, noxious, ob-
numismatical, nummulary, pecuniary, stamped scene, offensive, onerous, repulsive, revolting, shocking,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: monetary damages, monetary relief terrible, ugly, unspeakable, vile

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 MOTION IN LIMINE

MONUMENT, noun achievement, cairn, cenotaph, MORTAL, adjective a living being, alive, animate, an-
cromlech, dolmen, lasting reminder, mark, memorial, thropoid, awake, being, bodily, corporeal, creatural, earth-
monumentum, permanent structure, remembrance, re- born, existent, fleshly, hominid, human, humanlike, indi-
minder, shrine, testimonial vidual, living, material, natural, person, physical, temporal,
terrestrial, worldly
MONUMENTAL, adjective august, awesome, baronial,
colossal, cosmic, enormous, epic, extraordinary, huge, im- MORTALITY, noun condicio mortalis, death, destruc-
posing, impressive, incredible, magnific, magnificent, ma- tion, evanescence, extinction, fatality, fugaciousness, fu-
jestic, major, massive, noteworthy, operatic, opulent, pala- gacity, human race, humanity, humanness, impermanence,
tial, regal, remarkable, royal, sensational, splendid, stately, man, mankind, mortalitas, mortalness, subjection to death,
titanic, tremendous temporary existence, transientness, transitoriness
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: mortality tables
MOOT, adjective abstract, academic, actionable, argu-
able, contentious, contestable, contested, controversial, MORTGAGE, noun charge, collateral security, conditional
controvertible, debatable, disputable, disputatious, dis- conveyance of land, conditional property transfer, contractual
puted, doubtful, dubious, hypothetical, in dispute, in issue, obligation, encumbrance, engagement, indebtedness, loan
in question, open to discussion, open to question, prob- transaction, obligation, pignus, pledge, pledge for the pay-
lematical, questionable, questioned, speculative, subject to ment of a debt, pledge of security, real security, security, se-
controversy, suppositional, theoretical, uncertain, unde- curity for a debt, something owing, state of indebtedness,
cided, under discussion, undetermined, unsettled, untried transfer of property as security for a debt, transfer of security
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: academic question, moot appeal, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: amortization of a mortgage, assignment
moot case, moot controversy, moot court, moot question of a mortgage, assumption of a mortgage, chattel mortgage,
constructive mortgage, equitable mortgage, first mortgage,
MORAL, adjective aboveboard, bene moratus, bound foreclosure of a mortgage, holder of a mortgage, lien, matu-
by duty, commendable, conscientious, correct, creditable, rity of a mortgage, mortgage commitment, mortgagee in
decent, deserving, duteous, dutiful, estimable, ethical, ex- possession, mortgagee of record, mortgagor, purchase
emplary, good, high-minded, high-principled, honest, money mortgage, recording of a mortgage, redemption of a
honestus, honorable, idealistic, incorrupt, incorruptible, in- mortgage, second mortgage, subject to a mortgage
nocent, just, laudable, law-abiding, meritorious, noble,
praiseworthy, principled, probus, proper, pure, reputable, MORTIFY, verb abash, affront, besmirch, castigate, cen-
respectable, responsible, right-minded, righteous, sanctus, sure, cheapen, condemn, confound, debase, depreciate,
scrupulous, spotless, truehearted, trustworthy, uncorrupt, discomfit, disconcert, discountenance, discredit, disgrace,
uncorrupted, unerring, upright, upstanding, virtuous, well- disgust, dishonor, disparage, embarrass, fluster, humiliate,
conducted, worthy insult, lower, nonplus, offend, rattle, shame, smirch
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: moral certainty, moral character,
moral consideration, moral dereliction, moral duty, moral MOST (Biggest), adjective best, biggest, greatest, high-
obligation, moral turpitude est, hugest, largest, topmost, unparalleled, unrivaled, un-
surpassed, uppermost
MORAL RECTITUDE, noun character, decency, deco-
rousness, decorum, ethics, ethos, etiquette, fitness, hon- MOST (More), adjective a lot, abundance, ample, in-
esty, incorruptibility, integrity, irreproachability, moral forti- numerable, manifold, many, maximum, multitudinous, nu-
tude, principles, propriety, righteousness, right-mindedness, merous, quite a lot
seemliness, standards, uprightness, virtue, virtuousness
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: character and fitness committee, pro- MOTIF, noun adornment, arrangement, beautification,
fessional conduct composition, construction, decoration, design, detail, dom-
inant theme, embellishment, figuration, figure, form, for-
MORALITY, noun authenticity, candor, character, cor- mat, garnishment, illumination, main feature, ornament,
rectness, decency, decorousness, decorum, etiquette, ornamentation, overall theme, pattern, plan, prevailing
forthrightness, frankness, genuineness, good faith, guile- idea, recurring theme, shape, structure, style, theme
lessness, honesty, honor, integrity, irreproachableness,
propriety, rectitude, rightness, scrupulosity, seemliness, MOTION, noun application, application for a ruling, ap-
sincerity, trustworthiness, truth, uprightness, virtue plication for an order, application for proposed relief, claim,
demand, petition, proposal, proposed measure, proposi-
MORATORIUM, noun abeyance, break, cessation, tion, request, rogatio, sententia
close, deferral, delay, desistance, discontinuance, end, end- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: alternative motions, costs of a mo-
ing, halt, hold, interim, interval, leaving off, lull, pause, tion, ex parte motion, interlocutory motion, motion for a
period, period of obligatory delay, postponement, recess, more definite statement, motion for a new trial, motion for
respite, rest, standstill, stop, stoppage, suspension, tempo- a nonsuit, motion for a decree, motion for judgment, mo-
rary halt, temporary relief, termination, wait, waiting period tion for judgment notwithstanding verdict, motion for
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: moratorium acts, moratorium on re- reargument, motion for summary judgment, motion pa-
payment of debt pers, motion to dismiss, motion to quash, motion to set
aside judgment, motion to strike, motion to vacate a judg-
MORDACIOUS, adjective acerbic, acid, acrid, acrimo- ment, omnibus motion, premature motion, renewal of a
nious, acute, biting, bitter, caustic, corrosive, cutting, harsh, motion, withdrawal of a motion
incisive, knifelike, malicious, mordant, penetrating, pierc-
ing, pointed, pungent, rancorous, raw, rough, scathing, MOTION IN LIMINE, noun motion to exclude as evi-
severe, sharp, slashing, spiteful, stinging, trenchant, un- dence, preliminary motion, pretrial motion on admissibility,
charitable, unkind, virulent, vitriolic threshold motion

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 MOTIVATE

MOTIVATE, verb activate, actuate, adjure, advise, af- awakening, breathtaking, captivating, charming, impelling,
fect, allure, animate, appeal, arouse desire, attract, capti- imposing, impressive, inciting, inflaming, influencing, in-
vate, carry weight, cause, challenge, charge, command, spiriting, instigating, interesting, miserabilis, overpower-
compel, convince, direct, draw, encourage, exert influ- ing, overwhelming, persuading, piquant, poignant,
ence, exhort, fill with longing, fire up, goad, guide, impel, prompting, provocative, provoking, rousing, sensational,
incite, incline, induce, infect, inflame, influence, inspire, sensitive, stimulating, stimulative, stirring, thrilling, touch-
inspirit, instigate, interest, invite, lead, move, move to ac- ing, warm
tion, persuade, press, prevail upon, promote, prompt,
provide with a motive, provoke desire, rouse, set in mo- MOVING (In motion), adjective active, ambulant, ambu-
tion, spirit, spur, stimulate, stir up, sway, talk into, tempt, lative, ambulatory, changing, conveyable, detachable, drift-
urge, work upon ing, fugitive, itinerant, journeying, kinetic, locomotive, mean-
dering, mercurial, migratory, mobile, motile, motive,
MOTIVE, noun aim, causa, causation, compulsion, con- mundivagant, nomadic, passing, peripatetic, removable,
sideration, design, determination, driving force, encour- restless, roaming, roving, separable, shifting, touring, tran-
agement, end, goal, impelling power, impulse, incentive, sient, transitional, transmigratory, traveling, unattached,
inducement, influence, inner drive, inspiration, moving unfastened, unsettled, unstaid, unstationary, vacillating, vag-
cause, moving power, moving spirit, object, objective, per- abond, vagrant, voyaging, wandering, wavering, wayfaring
sonal reasons, persuasion, plan, point, proposal, prospect, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: moving papers, moving party, moving
provocation, purpose, ratio, rationale, reason, reason for violation
action, stimulant, stimulation, stimulus
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: corrupt motive, intent MUCH, adjective a lot, abounding, adequate, ample,
beaucoup, bountiful, comfortable, countless, generous, in-
MOUTHPIECE, noun advocate, agent, ambassador, at- numerable, legion, liberal, many, multifold, multiple, multi-
torney, barrister, delegate, emissary, envoy, face, figure- tudinous, numberless, numerous, plenteous, plentiful,
head, hired gun, instrument, lawyer, negotiator, pleader, plenty, replete, rich, rife, significant, sufficient, surplus,
professional, protagonist, representative, solicitor, speaker, wealthy
spokesman
MUCKRAKE, verb aggravate, agitate, anger, antago-
MOVABLE, noun agilis, chattels personal, effects, nize, bother, cause distress through an investigation,
goods, mobilis, personal effects, personal property, person- change, condemn, enquire, enrage, exasperate, expose,
alty, possessions, transportables, transportable property get, inflame, investigate, offend, outrage, perturb, rankle,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: fixtures, movable goods, movable rile, unhinge, unsettle, upset through inquiry
machinery
FOREIGN PHRASES: Mobilia non habent situm. Movables MUDDLE, verb addle, baffle, becloud, befog, befuddle,
have no situs or local habitation. bewilder, botch, bungle, cloud, complicate, confound, con-
fundere, confuse, daze, derange, disarrange, discompose,
MOVE (Alter position), verb abscond, alter the position, disconcert, disorder, disorganize, disturb, embrangle, entan-
break camp, carry, change an abode, change place, change gle, fluster, fog, fuddle, ignore distinctions, jumble, make a
residence, come away, commovere, convey, depart, dis- mess of, make havoc, mismanage, mix up, obfuscate, per-
perse, emigrate, exit, flee, go, go away, go forth, go from miscere, puzzle, scramble, stupefy, throw into confusion,
home, go on, go one’s way, journey, leave, leave a place, throw out of order, turbare, unsettle, upset
migrate, move out, part company, progress, propel, push on,
put in motion, remove, slip away, slip off, take flight, transfer, MULCT (Defraud), verb cheat, deceive, embezzle,
translocate, transport, transpose, vacate, walk away, walk off fudge, peculate, practice fraud, sharp, steal, swindle, trick

MOVE (Judicially request), verb apply, ask for, introduce, MULCT (Fine), verb amerce, deprive, distrain, exact a
make a demand, make a motion, make a petition, make a fine, impose a fine, penalize, punish
request, make a requisition, make application, make formal
application, make one’s submission, offer for consideration, MULL OVER, verb analyze, brood, chew over, cogitate,
petition, propose, propose a motion, propose an action consider, contemplate, deliberate, entertain, examine, fix-
formally, put forth, put forward, put up a petition, referre, ate on, kick around, meditate, muse, obsess, opine, ques-
request, requisition, submit, submit a formal request tion, reflect, reminisce, review, ruminate, speculate, study,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: motion practice, move the court think through

MOVEMENT (Activity), noun campaign, cause, cru- MULTIFARIOUS, adjective different, disparate, dis-
sade, mass movement, motion, operation, principle, series similar, diverse, diversified, heterogeneous, irregular, mani-
of actions directed toward a particular end, undertaking fold, many, miscellaneous, mixed, motley, multiform,
multigenerous, multiplex, nonuniform, numerous, varied,
MOVEMENT (Progress), noun action, agitation, cam- variegated, various, varius
paign, circulation, course, denomination, effort, great cause,
interest, issue, measure, outflow, performance, removal, MULTIFOLD, adjective diversified, diversiform, mani-
shift, step, stir, stride, transition, transmittal, traveling fold, many, multifarious, multiform, multigenerous, multi-
ple, multiplex, multiplicate, multitudinous, numerous, var-
MOVEMENT (Shipment), noun cartage, conveyance, ied, variegated, variform
transit, transportation
MULTIPLE, adjective abundant, aggregate, ample, as-
MOVING (Evoking emotion), adjective absorbing, affect- sorted, composed of several elements, considerable, differ-
ing, agitating, animating, arousing, arresting, astonishing, ent, divergent, diverse, diversified, generous, innumerable,

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many, miscellaneous, mixed, more than one, multifarious, reflect, remark, review, revolve, ruminate, speculate, study in
multifold, multiplex, multitudinous, myriad, numerous, silence, study quietly, take into consideration, take stock of,
plenteous, plural, profuse, several, sundry, superabundant, think, think about, think over, turn over, weigh
uncounted, unnumbered, untold, varied, various
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: multiple claims, multiple damages, MUST-CARRY RULES, noun cable provider require-
multiple dwelling, multiple offender, multiplicity of suits ment, digital must-carry, local TV station requirement, re-
quirement to carry locally licensed television stations, sig-
MULTIPLICITY, noun many sidedness, multitudinous, nal carriage obligation, television station mandate
numerousness, plurality
MUTABLE, adjective alterable, capricious, changeable,
MULTIPLY, verb accelerate, accumulate, add to, aggran- changeful, commutable, fickle, fluctuating, inconstans, in-
dize, amplify, augment, bear, beget, boom, boost, breed, constant, irresolute, mutabilis, protean, subject to change,
build up, bump, compound, engender, enlarge, escalate, transient, uncertain, undecided, unreliable, unsettled, un-
expand, extend, flesh out, generate, heighten, increase, stable, unsteadfast, unsteady, vacillating, variable, versatile,
inflate, intensify, produce, propagate, reproduce, spike, volatile, wavering
stoke, supersize, swell FOREIGN PHRASES: Nomina sunt mutabilia, res autem im-
mobiles. Names are mutable, but things are immutable.
MULTITUDE, noun abundance, accumulation, aggrega- Res est misera ubi jus est vagum et incertum. It is a sorry
tion, amassment, army, array, assemblage, assembly, band, state of affairs when law is vague and mutable.
bevy, body, cluster, collection, conglomeration, congrega-
tion, covey, crowd, cumulation, drove, flock, force, gather- MUTE, adjective close-lipped, closemouthed, dumb,
ing, herd, horde, host, legion, magnitude, many-sidedness, hushed, inarticulate, incapable of speech, incommunicative,
mass, masses, multiplicity, numbers, numerosity, numer- indisposed to talk, mutus, noiseless, pauciloquent, quies-
ousness, plurality, populace, profusion, quantities, quantity, cent, quiet, refraining from utterance, reserved, reticent, si-
scores, swarm, throng, troupe, volume lent, soundless, speechless, still, taciturn, tight-lipped,
tongue-tied, unable to speak, unable to utter articulate
MUNDANE, adjective accustomary, average, banal, bod- sound, uncommunicative, unexpressive, unloquacious, unt-
ily, carnal, common, commonplace, conventional, corporeal, alkative, unvocal, unvocalizing, voiceless, wordless
customary, earthly, everyday, familiar, fleshly, frequent, ha-
bitual, hackneyed, homespun, irreligious, material, nonsa- MUTILATE, verb amputate, batter, blemish, bruise,
cred, nonspiritual, ordinary, pedestrian, physical, plain, butcher, cripple, cut, damage, debilitate, deface, deform,
profane, prosaic, prosy, regular, routine, secular, sensual, deprive of an important part, disable, disfigure, dismantle,
simple, stale, standard, stereotyped, sublunar, sublunary, dismember, distort, gash, impair, incapacitate, injure, knock
tedious, tellurian, telluric, temporal, terrene, terrestrial, trite, out of shape, lacerate, maim, mangle, mar, mutilare, render
typical, undistinguished, uneventful, unexalted, ungodly, a document imperfect, render imperfect, tear, tear apart,
unhallowed, unholy, unimaginative, uninspired, uninterest- truncate, twist, unshape, warp, wound, wreck
ing, unpoetical, unsacred, unsanctified, unspiritual, usual,
wearisome, well-known, well-trodden, workday, worldly, MUTINY, noun defiance, disloyalty, disobedience, in-
worldly minded subordination, insurgence, insurgency, insurrection, motus,
opposition, oppugnancy, outbreak, rebellion, refusal to
MUNIFICENT, adjective altruistic, beneficent, benevo- comply, resistance, revolt, revolution, seditio, sedition,
lent, bighearted, bountiful, charitable, compassionate, free- subversion, treason, upheaval, uprising
hearted, generous, hospitable, humanitarian, kindly, lavish,
liberal, openhanded, philanthropic, Samaritan, sympa- MUTUAL (Collective), adjective coadjutant, coadjutive,
thetic, unselfish coadjuvant, coadunate, coalitional, collaborated, collabora-
tive, combined, common, communal, communalistic, com-
MURDER, noun act of killing, act of slaying, act of taking mutual, confederated, conjoint, cooperant, cooperative,
life, assassination, caedes, destruction, destruction of human federal, federate, federated, federative, general, in com-
life, destruction of life, destructiveness, elimination, geno- mon, interdependent, joint, leagued, participatory, shared,
cide, homicide, intentional killing, killing, liquidation, mas- unified, united
sacre, occisio, taking of human life, unlawful killing, violent ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: mutual benefit association, mutual en-
death terprise, mutual insurance company, mutual savings bank
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: assault with intent to murder, at-
tempted murder, felonious homicide, felony murder, first- MUTUAL (Reciprocal), adjective bilateral, commutative,
degree murder, premeditated murder, second-degree complemental, complementary, concurrent, correlative,
murder, voluntary manslaughter, willful murder correspondent, corresponding, done reciprocally, equiva-
lent, interactive, interchanged, interrelated, mutuus, paral-
MURDERER, noun annihilator, assassin, assassinator, lel, reciprocating, reciprocative, two-sided, two-way
butcher, contract killer, criminal, destroyer, eradicator, exe- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: mutual consent, mutual covenants,
cutioner, exterminator, gunman, hired gun, hired killer, hit mutual easements, mutual mistake, mutual promise,
man, killer, liquidator, slaughterer, slayer, sniper mutual wills

MUSE, verb be abstracted, be distracted, be in a reverie, MUTUAL AGREEMENT, noun acclamation, accord, ac-
be inattentive, be occupied in concentration, be occupied in cordance, affirmation, common consent, concord, concord-
study, bestow thought upon, brood, cerebrate, cogitate, com- ance, concurrent agreement, consensus, consentaneity,
ment, commune with oneself, concentrate, consider, contem- consentience, contract, general agreement, likemindedness,
plate, daydream, debate, deliberate, digest, disregard, exam- meeting of the minds, mutual arrangement, mutual bargain,
ine, intellectualize, introspect, meditate, mull, note, ponder, pact, unanimity, unison, universal agreement

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MUTUAL UNDERSTANDING, noun accord, agreement, supernormal, surreptitious, transcendental, umbrageous,

alliance, amity, bilateral contract, common agreement, unaccountable, uncanny, undeciphered, undercover, un-
common understanding, communion, compact, concord- derhand, undisclosed, unexplainable, unexplained, un-
ance, concurrence, contract, correlative agreement, en- fathomable, unintelligible, unknown, unrevealed, untold,
tente, interchangeable commitment, joint agreement, joint veiled, weird
pact, meeting of minds, mutual promise, pact, reciprocal
agreement, reciprocal commitment, treaty MYSTERY, noun abstruseness, arcanum, cabala, cabalism,
concealment, enigma, hidden meaning, inexplicableness,
MUTUALITY, noun coequality, commonality, commuta- inscrutability, inscrutableness, mysticism, obscurity, occult-
bility, commutation, correlation, correlativeness, correlativ- ism, occultness, puzzle, res occulta, riddle, secrecy, secret,
ity, correspondence, dependence, exchange, interaffiliation, secretiveness, thaumaturgy, undiscoverability, unexplored
interassociation, interchange, interchangeability, intercon- ground, unfathomability, unfathomableness
nection, interdependence, intermutation, interplay, interre-
lation, mutual dependence, mutual relation, permutation, MYSTICAL, adjective abstruse, ambiguous, apocryphal,
reciprocality, reciprocalness, reciprocation, reciprocity arcane, cabalistic, cryptic, dark, difficult to ascertain, enig-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: mutuality of consent, mutuality of con- matic, esoteric, hermetic, incomprehensible, magical, mys-
tract, mutuality of obligation, mutuality of remedy terious, obscure, occult, opaque, orphic, perplexing, recon-
dite, secret, strange, tenebrous, uncertain, unclear,
MYRIAD, adjective boundless, countless, endless, illim- unfathomable, vague
itable, immense, incalculable, inexhaustible, infinite, innu-
merable, innumerous, limitless, manifold, many, measure- MYTH, noun absurd story, concoction, doubtful narra-
less, multitudinous, numberless, numerous, sumless, tive, fable, fabrication, fabula, false story, falsehood, fan-
uncountable, uncounted, unending, unfathomable, unlim- tasy, fiction, fictitious story, figment, folklore, folktale, in-
ited, unnumberable, unnumbered, untold, without number vention, legend, legendary story, story, tale, tall story,
tradition, trumped-up story, unreality, untrue story, untruth,
MYSTERIOUS, adjective abstruse, arcane, arcanus, yarn
baffling, cabalistic, clandestine, cloaked, coded, con- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: legal fiction
cealed, covert, cryptic, dark, disguised, enigmatic, enig-
matical, esoteric, furtive, hidden, impenetrable, incompre- MYTHICAL, adjective allegorical, chimerical, con-
hensible, ineffable, inexplicable, inscrutable, magical, trived, fabled, fabulous, fake, fanciful, fantastic, fictional,
masked, mystic, mystical, mystifying, obscure, occult, oc- fictitious, ideal, imaginary, imagined, invented, legendary,
cultus, oracular, perplexing, preternatural, privy, puzzling, made up, make-believe, phantasmal, phantasmic, phan-
recondite, runic, screened, secret, secretive, secretus, shad- tom, pretend, romanticized, storied, unreal, visionary,
owy, sphinxian, sphinxlike, stealthy, strange, supernatural, whimsical

NAïVE, adjective believing, callow, childish, childlike, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: naked promise
credulous, deceivable, deludable, dupable, exploitable,
foolable, green, gullible, immature, inexperienced, inno- NAKED (Perceptible), adjective apparent, brought to
cent, natural, open, plain, provincial, simple, simplex, trust- light, clear, cognizable, conspicuous, discernible, disclosed,
ing, unaffected, unfeigned, unschooled, unsophisticated, discoverable, distinct, distinguishable, easy to see, evident,
unsuspecting, unsuspicious, unworldly, void of suspicion explicit, exposed, express, in plain view, made public, mani-
fest, not obscure, noticeable, observable, obvious, open, os-
NAKED (Lacking embellishment), adjective bare, basal, tensible, overt, patent, perceivable, plain, prominent, recog-
basic, devoid of consideration, elementary, fundamental, nizable, revealed, unconcealed, unmistakable, visible
laid bare, mere, plain, sheer, simple, stark, straight, unadorned,
unadulterated, uncomplicated, undecorated, undis- NAME, noun being, characteristic, difference, distinc-
guised, unembellished, unexaggerated, unmasked, unor- tion, distinctiveness, distinctness, identifier, identifying
namented, unvarnished, unveiled characteristic, identity, individualism, oneness, originality,

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particularity, personage, personal characteristic, personal- government action that goes no further than necessary,
ity, quality of being singular, self, selfness, singleness, sin- government action that is appropriate, government action
gularity, specialty, uniqueness that is not overbroad, government action that utilizes the
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: distinctive name, trade name least restrictive means

NAMED, adjective called, classified, delineated, de- NASCENCY, noun beginning, birth, commencement,
noted as, described as, designate as, determined as, dis- creation, debut, development, emergence, entrance, entry,
criminated as, distinguished as, identified as, known as, evolution, evolvement, first appearance, first stage, first
recognized as, referred to as, specified as step, formation, foundation, founding, genesis, inaugura-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: named in a caption tion, inception, inchoation, incipience, incipiency, incunab-
ula, induction, infancy, initiation, introduction, invention,
NARCOTIC, adjective anesthetic, anodyne, anodynous, launching, nascence, nativity, onset, origin, origination,
assuaging, assuasive, calmant, calmative, deadening, de- outset, rise, start, starting
pressant, dulling, hypnotic, mitigating, narcotical, opiate,
pain-killing, palliative, paregoric, sedative, slumberous, som- NASCENT, adjective beginning, blossoming, budding,
niferous, somnific, soothing, soporiferous, soporific, stupe- burgeoning, developing, earlier, early, elemental, elemen-
factive, torporifc, tranquilizing tary, embryonic, first, first ever, first of all, fledgling, flower-
ing, formative, foundational, fundamental, germinal, in its
NARCOTIC, noun alleviative, alleviator, anesthetic, infancy, inaugural, inceptive, inchoate, incipient, incunabu-
anodyne, assuasive drug, barbiturate, calmative, depres- lar, infant, infantile, infantine, initial, initiatory, introductory,
sant, dope, drug, hypnotic, lenitive, medication, medicine, inventive, original, originating, potential, prenatal, primal,
mitigative, opiate, pain reliever, painkiller, palliative, sedative, primary, prime, primeval, primitive, promising, rudimental,
somnifacient, soother, soporific, stupefacient, tranquilizer rudimentary, seminal, youthful

NARRATION, noun account, chronicle, delineation, NATION, noun captive nation, commonweal, common-
depiction, depictment, description, descriptive account, wealth, confederation, county, developed nation, domain,
discourse, disquisition, expositio, exposition, iteration, nar- dominion, kingdom, land, nationality, possession, power,
ratio, narrative, portrayal, recapitulation, recital, recitation, province, realm, territory
recountal, recounting, reiteration, relation, rendition, repe- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: comity, free trade, international law
tition, report, representation, restatement, retelling, re-
view, setting forth, sketch, storytelling, summarization, NATIONAL, adjective affecting the nation as a whole,
summary, tale, tale telling common, country-wide, domestic, established by the fed-
eral government, federal, general, government, govern-
NARRATIVE, adjective anecdotal, communicative, ment-owned, governmental, public, publicly owned, soci-
declarative, declaratory, descriptive, detailed, disquisi- etal, sovereign
tional, epic, exegetic, exegetical, explanatory, explicative,
explicatory, expositive, expository, graphic, illuminating, NATIONALITY, noun allegiance, birth, body politic, citi-
illuminative, illustrative, informational, informative, narrare, zenry, commonwealth, country, fatherland, habitancy,
recounted, reported, sequential, storylike, told homeland, inhabitancy, inhabitation, nation, national group,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: narrative testimony national status, native land, nativity, origin, people, polity,
populace, society, sovereign state, statehood, stock
NARROW, adjective attenuated, bigoted, circum- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: immigration and naturalization
scribed, compressed, confined, constricted, contracted,
contractus, cramped, crowded, defined, dogmatic, exact, NATIONALIZE, verb appropriate for federal use, appro-
fanatical, fine, illiberal, incapacious, inhibiting, intolerant, priate for government use, make national, make national in
limited, literal, narrow-minded, opinionated, parochial, character, place under government control, remove from
pinched, precise, prescribed, protected, provincial, quali- private ownership, seize for public use, seize for the gov-
fied, registered, restricted, rigid, scant, scanty, simple, ernment, socialize, transfer control to the government,
slender, strict, tapering, thin, tight transfer ownership to the government
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: a narrowly written decision, narrow
interpretation NATIVE (Domestic), adjective aboriginal, autochthonal,
autochthonic, autochthonous, domestic, enchorial, en-
NARROW MEANING, noun accurate meaning, correct choric, endemic, endemical, home-grown, indigenous,
meaning, defined meaning, definition, distinct meaning, local, locally born, not alien, not foreign, original, regional,
exact meaning, explanation, explicit meaning, express unborrowed, vernacular
meaning, faithful meaning, inflexible meaning, literal mean-
ing, methodical meaning, meticulous meaning, not subject NATIVE (Inborn), adjective basic, born, congenital,
to interpretation, ordinary meaning, plain meaning, precise connate, connatural, essential, fundamental, genetic, he-
meaning, prescribed meaning, rigid meaning, rigorous reditary, inbred, indigenous, ingenerate, ingenit, ingrained,
meaning, sharply defined, significance, specific meaning, inherent, inherited, innate, instinctive, instinctual, intrinsic,
strict meaning, unbending meaning, uncompromising natal, natural, organic, original
meaning, unequivocal meaning
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: construction, literal contract, literal NATIVE RIGHTS, noun Aboriginal American rights,
proof, plain meaning rule, rules of statutory, soft plain indigenous rights, Native American civil rights, Native
meaning rule, textualism American rights, tribal sovereignty

NARROWLY TAILORED, noun government action that NATURAL, adjective artless, authentic, characteristic,
addresses essential elements of government interest, connate, consistent, crude, free from affectation,

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fundamental, genuine, inborn, inbred, indigenous, ingener- sealed, settled, sure, unalterable, unavoidable, uncontrol-
ate, ingrained, innate, innatus, instinctive, instinctual, life- lable, undeniable, unevasible, unpreventable
like, native, nativus, normal, organic, original, pure, real, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: necessary damages, necessary ex-
realistic, regular, true to life, typical, unadulterated, unartifi- penses, necessary implication, necessary inference, neces-
cial, uncultivated, unsynthetic, untouched sary injury
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: natural law
NECESSARY (Required), adjective all-important, basic,
NATURALIZE (Acclimate), verb accommodate, accus- binding, bounden, chief, coercive, compelling, compul-
tom, adapt, adjust, assimilate, become habituated, cultivate sory, critical, crucial, demanded, dictated, essential, exi-
a habit, familiarize, fit the pattern, get used to, habituate, gent, expedient, fundamental, imperative, important, im-
harmonize, inure, learn a habit, make easy, make natural, posed, incumbent, indispensable, integral, key, mandatory,
normalize, regularize necessitated, necessitous, needed, obligatory, paramount,
prerequisite, prescribed, prime, principal, requisite, requi-
NATURALIZE (Make a citizen), verb accept as a citizen, sitioned, significant, strategic, strategical, substantive,
admit citizenship, adopt, adopt as a citizen, adopt into a urgent, vital
nation, assimilate, citizenize, confer privileges of a native ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: necessary parties
citizen, confer rights of citizenship, denizenize, endow with
rights of citizenship, extend citizenship to an alien, homini NECESSARY, noun essence, essential, essentiality, in-
civitatem dare, nationalize, place in the condition of natural dispensable thing, necessitas, necessities, necessitousness,
born subjects necessitude, necessity, need, prerequirement, prerequi-
site, qualification, requirement, requisite, vitals
NATURE (Kind), noun attribute, brand, breed, character, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: duty to provide necessaries, necessar-
characteristic, description, designation, differentia, differ- ies of life
ential, distinctive feature, domain, feature, ilk, individual-
ism, label, make, manner, mannerism, mark, model, mold, NECESSARY PARTY, noun critical party who cannot be
particularity, peculiarity, persuasion, quality, quirk, spe- joined, crucial party who cannot be joined, integral defend-
cialty, species, sphere, strain, style, taint, tang, taste, the ant who cannot be joined, integral disputant who cannot be
like or likes of, token, trait, tribe, trick, type, variety joined, integral party who cannot be joined, integral peti-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: nature of an action, the nature of a case tioner who cannot be joined, integral plaintiff who cannot
be joined, integral respondent who cannot be joined,
NATURE (Naturalness), noun artlessness, inartificiality, needed party who cannot be joined, party whose interests
intactness, natural man, natural state, nature in the raw, will be affected, prescribed party whose cannot be joined,
pristineness, state of nature, virginity significant party who cannot be joined, strategic party who
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: environmental law cannot be joined, vital party who cannot be joined
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: indispensable party, proper party
NEAR, adjective adjacent, adjoining, approaching, ap-
proximate, bordering, close, close by, contiguous, imminent, NECESSITATE, verb call for, clamor for, coerce, cogere,
impending, in close proximity, in the area, in the neighbor- compel, concuss, create a need, decree, demand, dictate,
hood, in the vicinity, nearby, neighboring, next, next to, enjoin, exact, force, impel, impose, insist upon, leave no
proximal, proximate to, surrounding, tangent, touching, vici- choice, leave no option, make indispensable, make inevitable,
nal make necessary, make unavoidable, obligate, oblige, ordain,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: case near to being put on the trial cal- predetermine, raise a demand, render necessary, require
endar, case nearly ready for trial, cases near trial, comple-
tion, near competition, substantial completion NECESSITY, noun absolute requisite, basic ingredient,
central element, characteristic feature, compelling quality,
NEARBY, adjective abutting, accessible, adjacent, ad- compulsory detail, crucial part, egestas, elementary detail,
joining, approaching, bordering, close, close-up, coming, essential, essential element, exigency, fundamental, funda-
contiguous, convenient, handy, immediate, local, near, mental principle, fundamental unit, highly important detail,
neighboring, next-door, nigh, proximate imperative, indispensable, indispensable provision, inevita-
ble, integral part, irreplaceable feature, irresistible compul-
NEAREST, adjective almost, approximate, closer, clos- sion, main ingredient, mandatory factor, necessary at-
est, close-up, immediate, most immediate, near, nearby, tribute, necessary component, necessitas, need,
neighboring, next-door, proximate, relative precondition, prerequirement, prerequisite, primary con-
stituent, qualification, recognized condition, required item,
NEBULOUS, adjective abstruse, ambiguous, bleared, requirement, requisite, rudiment, significant detail, strate-
blurred, blurry, clouded, cloudy, confused, dim, dusky, gic item, urgency, urgent requirement, vital part, vitals
faint, foggy, hazy, ill-defined, imperspicuous, indetermi- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: compelling necessity, economic ne-
nate, indistinct, lacking clarity, nebulose, nebulosus, not cessity, finding of necessity, prescription by necessity,
clear, obfuscated, obscure, out of focus, pale, recondite, public necessity, strict necessity
shadowed, shadowy, uncertain, unclear, undefined, undis- FOREIGN PHRASES: Quod est necessarium est licitum. That
cernible, unintelligible, vague which is necessary is lawful. Necessitas excusat aut ex-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: nebulous contract tenuat delictum in capitalibus, quod non operatur idem
in civilibus. Necessity excuses or extenuates an offense in
NECESSARY (Inescapable), adjective avoidless, certain, capital cases, but not in civil cases. Necessitas est lex tem-
choiceless, compelling, constraining, decided, decreed, poris et loci. Necessity is the law of a particular time and
designated, destined, expected, fated, fateful, fixed, foreor- place. Lex judicat de rebus necessario faciendis quasi re
dained, imminent, impending, ineluctable, ineludible, in- ipsa factis. The law judges of things which must necessar-
evitable, inexorable, irresistible, irrevocable, ordained, ily be done as if they were actually done. Necessitas

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inducit privilegium quoad jura privata. Necessity gives and void, renounce, repeal, repudiate, rescind, retract,
a privilege with reference to private rights. Necessitas reverse, revoke, rule out, set aside, suppress, suspend,
publica major est quam privata. Public necessity is traverse, vacate, veto
greater than private.
NEGATION, noun abjuration, abnegation, abolishment,
NECTAROUS, adjective candied, cloying, delectable, abolition, abrogation, annulment, cancellation, cassation,
delicious, dulcet, honeyed, luscious, melliferous, over- confutation, contradiction, contravention, declination, dec-
sweet, rich, saccharine, sugary, sweet, tasty linature, defiance, denial, disaffirmation, disagreement,
disapprobation, disapproval, disavowal, disclaimer, dis-
NEED (Deprivation), noun absence, dearth, deficiency, proof, dissent, forswearing, gainsay, gainsaying, infitiatio,
deficit, demand, exigency, extremity, inadequacy, incom- invalidation, negatio, nonacceptance, nonagreement, non-
pleteness, indigence, insufficiency, lack, necessitousness, compliance, nonconsent, noncorroboration, nullification,
necessitude, necessity, paucity, penury, privation, scanti- objection, opposition, protest, protestation, recantation,
ness, scarcity, shortage, shortness of supply, thirst, vac- refusal, refutation, rejection, repeal, repudiation, rescis-
uum, want, wantage sion, resistance, retractation, retraction, reversal, revoca-
tion, revokement, traversal
NEED (Requirement), noun compulsion, compulsory ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: negation of warranty
detail, crucial part, demand, desideration, desideratum, es-
sential element, essentiality, essentialness, fundamental, NEGATIVE, adjective acrimonious, antagonistic, antipa-
highly important detail, indispensability, indispensable thetic, antipathetical, argumentative, at odds with, attack-
provision, integral part, irreplaceability, irreplaceable fea- ing, averse, belligerent, bickering, cantankerous, clashing,
ture, mandatory factor, necessary, necessary attribute, conflicting, confutative, contentious, contesting, contradic-
necessary component, necessity, obligation, precondition, tory, contrary, contrasted, contrasting, contravening, con-
preliminary condition, prequisiteness, prerequirement, verse, counteractive, countering, demurring, denying, dis-
proviso, required item, requisite, requisiteness, strategic accordant, disavowing, discordant, disobliging, disputing,
item, urgency, urgent requirement, vital part, vitalness dissentient, dissident, factious, fractious, gainsaying, hos-
tile, ill-willed, impugning, incompatible, inimical, inverse,
NEED, verb claim, clamor for, crave, cry for, demand, negans, negatory, opposed, opposing, opposite, quarrel-
desire, exact, feel the necessity for, feel the want of, find some, rancorous, rebuffing, rebutting, refuting, rejecting,
indispensable, find necessary, have an urge for, have need repudiating, repugnant, resistive, reverse, spurning, tra-
for, have occasion for, have use of, hunger for, long for, lust versing, unaffirmative, unconverted, unconvinced
for, miss, require, thirst for, want, yearn for ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: negative covenant, negative ease-
ment, negative evidence, negative testimony
NEEDLESS, adjective avoidable, beside the point, cause-
less, dispensable, excess, excessive, exorbitant, expenda- NEGATIVE ADVERTISING, noun blemishing political
ble, expletive, extra, extraneous, fruitless, futile, gratuitous, ads, derogative political ads, derogatory commercials, im-
groundless, inordinate, irrelevant, non necessarius, non- moral ads, malicious political ads, marring political ads,
compulsory, nonessential, optional, overabundant, over- mean commercials, nasty political spots, negative commer-
much, overplentiful, oversufficient, pleonastic, prodigal, re- cials, offensive election commercials, smearing political ads
dundant, spare, superabundant, supererogatory, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: election law, Federal Election
superfluous, supernumerary, supervenient, surplus, unavail- Commission
ing, uncalled-for, undesirable, unessential, unnecessary, un-
needed, unprofitable, unrequired, unrewarding, unwanted, NEGLECT, noun abandonment, absentmindedness,
useless, valueless, wanton, wasteful, worthless breach, bungling, careless abandon, carelessness, default,
delinquency, dereliction, disregard, failure, heedlessness,
NEFARIOUS, adjective abominable, arrant, bad, base, idleness, improvidence, imprudence, inaction, inadvert-
confounded, contemptible, corrupt, criminal, degenerate, ence, inattention, inattentiveness, incuria, indifference, in-
deplorable, depraved, despicable, detestable, devilish, di- diligence, indiligentia, inexecution, inexertion, laches, lax-
abolical, discreditable, disgraceful, dishonorable, dissolute, ity, laxness, misprision, neglegentia, negligence,
dreadful, evil, execrable, felonious, flagitious, flagrant, foul, noncompletion, noncompliance, nonfeasance, nonfulfill-
gross, hateful, heinous, horrible, ignoble, immoral, impi- ment, nonobservance, nonperformance, omission, over-
ous, improper, indecent, infamous, infernal, iniquitous, sight, procrastination, prodigality, rashness, recklessness,
malignant, miscreant, monstrous, nefarius, obnoxious, remissness, slackness, slight, sloth, slovenliness, thought-
odious, outrageous, peccant, pernicious, profligate, repre- lessness, unactivity, unalertness, unconcern, unconscien-
hensible, reprobate, scandalous, shameful, sinful, sinister, tiousness, unheedfulness, unmindfulness, unobservance,
terrible, treacherous, unrighteous, vile, villainous, wicked, unwariness, unwatchfulness
wrong ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: culpable neglect, neglect of duty,
neglect to act, neglect to prosecute, willful neglect
NEGATE, verb abnegate, abolish, abort, abrogate, anni- FOREIGN PHRASES: Magna culpa dolus est. Gross neglect is
hilate, annul, cancel, confound, confute, contradict, contra- the equivalent of fraud.
vene, controvert, counter, counteract, countermand, coun-
terpoise, declare invalid, declare null and void, defeat, NEGLECT, verb be careless, be inattentive, be lax, de-
demur, deny, deprive of force, destroy, disaffirm, disallow, serere, disdain, disregard, fail, forget, gloss over, ignore,
disavow, disclaim, discontinue, discredit, disprove, dis- intermittere, lay aside, leave alone, lose sight of, neglegere,
pute, disregard, explain away, falsify, impugn, invalidate, not care for, not use, omit, overlook, pass by, pass over, pay
negative, neutralize, nullify, object, obliterate, offset, op- no attention, pay no heed to, pay no regard to, pretermit,
pose, override, overrule, overthrow, prohibit, protest, procrastinate, refuse to recognize, shirk, shun, skip, slight,
prove the contrary, quash, rebut, recant, refute, render null take no note, take no notice

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NEGLECTFUL, adjective careless, delinquent, derelict, NEGOTIABLE, adjective alienable, assignable, capable
disregardful, forgetful, heedless, inadvertent, inattentive, of being transferred, consignable, conveyable, exchangea-
incautious, injudicious, inobservant, irresponsible, lax, ble, interchangeable, maneuverable, marketable, salable,
mindless, neglectful, not diligent, not heedful, oblivious, transferable, transmissible, transmittible, vendible
reckless, remiss, thoughtless, unconcerned, unheeding, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: commercial paper, negotiable contract,
unmindful, unthinking, unwatchful negotiable instruments, promissory note
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: defendants neglectful of their duty,
neglectful parents NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENT, noun bank check, bank
note, bank paper, bill, bill of exchange, cashier’s check,
NEGLIGENCE, noun abandonment, breach of duty, check, commercial instrument, commercial paper, com-
carelessness, culpa, delinquency, dereliction, disregard, mercial transition, debenture, draft, negotiable paper, note,
failure, heedlessness, improvidence, imprudence, inadvert- personal check, promissory note, secured
ence, inadvertency, inattention, inattentiveness, incautious- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: dishonor, named payee presentment
ness, incircumspection, inconsideration, incuria, indiffer-
ence, indiligentia, inobservance, irresponsibility, lack of NEGOTIATE, verb accommodate, arbitrate, arrange for,
attention, lack of diligence, laxity, laxness, neglectfulness, bargain, bid for, bring to terms, come to terms, dicker, hag-
neglegentia, obliviousness, omission, oversight, reckless- gle, hurdle, intercede, intermediate, make peace, make
ness, regardlessness, remissness, slackness, unalertness, terms, mediate, meet halfway, parley, referee, settle, settle
unconcern, unmindfulness, unobservance, unwariness, un- disputes, straighten out, surmount, transact, umpire, work
watchfulness, want of thought out
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: actionable negligence, active negli-
gence, assumption of risk, causal negligence, comparative NEGOTIATION, noun arbitrament, arbitration, bargain-
negligence, concurrent negligence, contributory negli- ing, compromise, conference, conloquium, consultation,
gence, criminal negligence, culpable negligence, estoppel contract talks, deliberation, dickering, diplomacy, discus-
by negligence, gross negligence, imputed negligence, last sion, exchange of views, haggling, mediation, parley, sum-
clear chance doctrine, malpractice, negligence per se, ordi- mitry, treaty-making
nary negligence, passive negligence, res ipsa loquitur, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: collective bargaining, preliminary ne-
standard of care, supervening negligence, wanton negli- gotiation
gence, willful negligence
FOREIGN PHRASES: Magna negligentia culpa est; magna NEGOTIATOR, noun adjudicator, adjuster, agent, arbi-
culpa dolus est. Gross negligence is fault; gross fault is ter, bargainer, broker, consul, dealer, delegate, diplomat,
equivalent to a fraud. Culpa lata dolo aequiparatur. emissary, envoy, financier, go-between, intermediary, me-
Gross negligence is equivalent to intentional wrong. diator, merchant, middleman, moderator, plenipotentiary,
politician, representative, tactician
NEGLIGENCE PER SE, idiom absolute delinquency, ab- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: arbitration, litigation, mediation
solute fault, breach, breach of a standard of conduct, con-
travention, crime, disobedience, failure, infraction, lapse, NEIGHBORHOOD, noun area, citizenry, city, commune,
misbehavior, misconduct, misdeed, misdemeanor, neglect, community, hamlet, locale, locale enclave, locality, place,
noncompliance, offense, oversight, pure dereliction, strict populous, public, region, town, vicinity, village
imposition of liability, transgression, trespass, violation,
wrongdoing NEOPHYTE, noun abecedarian, amateur, apprentice,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: negligence per quod beginner, catechumen, debutant, entrant, fledgling, fresh-
man, learner, newcomer, novice, prentice, pupil, student,
NEGLIGENT, adjective bungling, careless, delinquent, tenderfoot, trainee, tyro
derelict, disregardant, disregardful, heedless, ill-consid-
ered, improvident, imprudent, inadvertent, inattentive, NEPOTISM, noun bias, corruptibility, corruption, family
incautious, indifferent, indiligens, injudicious, inobservant, patronage, favor, favoritism, inequitableness, inequity, in-
irresponsible, lax, mindless, neglectful, neglegens, oblivi- justice, interest, leaning, partiality, partisanism, partisan-
ous, off guard, rash, reckless, regardless, remiss, remissus, ship, patronage, preferential treatment, undetachment,
slack, slipshod, slothful, slovenly, temerarious, temerous, unfairness, unjustness
thoughtless, unalert, uncalculating, uncircumspect, uncon-
cerned, undiligent, unheedful, unheeding, unmindful, NESCIENCE, noun blindness, darkness, greenness,
unthinking, unthorough, unwary, unwatchful ignorance, ignoration, incognizance, inexperience, lack
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: negligent act, negligent conduct, of awareness, lack of knowledge, lack of learning,
negligent injury naïveté, rawness, unawareness, uncomprehension,
unenlightenment, uninformedness, unintelligence, un-
NEGLIGIBLE, adjective beneath notice, dispensable, knowingness, unlearnedness
expendable, immaterial, imperceptible, inappreciable, in-
consequential, inconsiderable, insignificant, insubstantial, NET, adjective clear, irreducible, leftover, remaining,
irrelevant, levis, light, little, meager, minor, minute, moder- residual, residuary, surplus, surviving, unexpended, unspent
ate, modest, nominal, nugatory, of little account, of little ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: net assets, net balance, net capital
consequence, of little importance, of no moment, of no stock, net earnings, net estate, net income, net loss, net
significance, paltry, picayune, poor, puny, scant, scanty, premium, net price, net proceeds, net profit, net rents, net
slight, small, tenuis, trifling, trivial, unessential, unimpor- revenues, net value, net worth
tant, unnoteworthy, unsubstantial, unworthy of regard,
valueless NETTLE, verb acerbate, affront, aggravate, agitate,
FOREIGN PHRASES: De minimis non curat lex. The law pays anger, annoy, antagonize, badger, chafe, disquiet, disturb,
no attention to insignificant things. exasperate, excite, fret, gall, goad, harass, incense, insult,

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ire, irritate, miff, pester, pique, provoke, rankle, sting, honored, illustrious, important, known, leading, matchless,
tease, upset, vex much touted, notable, noteworthy, notorious, outstanding,
popular, preeminent, prominent, recognized, remarkable,
NETWORK, noun body, combined system, complicated reputable, singular, unexampled, unique, unparalleled,
system, interface, intertwining system, laced system, sys- unprecedented, well-known
tematic web, weave, weaving, web, webbing
NEXT (Succeeding), adjective additional, consequent,
NEUTRAL, adjective disengaged, disinterested, dispas- ensuing, following, progressive, sequent, sequential, serial,
sionate, equitable, fair, fair-minded, impartial, impersonal, subsequent, successive
independent, indifferent, isolationist, nonaligned, nonbel- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: next devisee, next estate, next of kin
ligerent, noncombatant, noncommittal, noninterfering,
noninterventionist, nonparticipant, nonparticipating, non- NEXT OF KIN, noun blood kindred, blood relation, blood
partisan, objective, pacific, pacifistic, peaceable, peaceful, relative, close relative, collateral relative, consanguineal rela-
unaffected, unbiased, unbigoted, uncommitted, uncon- tions, family, family connection, family tie, individual’s near-
cerned, uninfluenced, uninvolved, unjaundiced, unpreju- est relative, kin, kindred, kinsman, kinspeople, near relation,
diced, unprepossessed, unswayed nearest blood relation, nearest relative by blood, related by
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: neutral property affinity, relation by blood, relations, relatives
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: decedent’s estate, heirs
NEUTRALITY, noun aloofness, detachment, disinterest,
disinterestedness, dispassionateness, impartiality, indiffer- NEXUS, noun affiliation, alliance, association, attach-
ence, moderateness, neutralism, nonbelligerence, noncom- ment, bond, bridge, connecting link, connection, connec-
batance, noninterference, nonintervention, nonpartici- tive, coupling, interconnection, intermedium, interrelation,
pance, nonparticipation, nonpartisanship kinship, liaison, link, privity, relation, relationship, thread,
tie, union, vinculum
NEUTRALIZE, verb annul, balance, cancel, cancel out,
counterbalance, counterpoise, countervail, deactivate, NICE, adjective affable, agreeable, befitting, correct,
deaden, demagnetize, destroy the effect of, disable, disen- decent, decorous, delicate, exact, finespun, genial, genteel,
able, equalize, incapacitate, invalidate, make ineffective, good-natured, good-tempered, gracious, hospitable, mel-
negate, nullify, offset, render inert, render inoperative, low, nice, nuanced, palatable, pleasant, polite, refined, re-
render neutral, vitiate spectable, seemly, subtle, sweet, well-disposed

NEW (Creative), adjective causative, conceived, con- NOBLE, adjective aristocratic, august, courtly, digni-
ceptive, conceptual, constructive, created with a different fied, distinguished, elevated, eminent, esteemed, estima-
approach, created with a different look, created with a ble, exalted, famous, glorious, grand, held in esteem, he-
fresh approach, created with a fresh look, effectuated, roic, highly esteemed, honorable, honored, inspiring,
formative, imagined, ingenious, innovative, inventive, kingly, lauded, lofty, magisterial, magnificent, majestic,
original, originated by, originative, produced, produced by meritorious, outstanding, prestigious, princely, prominent,
someone blessed with talent, produced by someone capa- regal, renowned, reputable, respectable, respected, re-
ble, produced by someone talented, resourceful, talented, vered, royal, soaring, stately, superb, worthy
unique
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: patents NOISE, noun ado, blare, blatancy, cacophony, charivari,
clamor, clamorousness, clangor, clatter, cry, detonation,
NEW (Initial), adjective beginning, chief, elementary, din, discord, fanfare, fracas, harsh sound, hubbub, hullaba-
first, first ever, foremost, fundamental, inaugural, inceptive, loo, jangle, loudness, outcry, pandemonium, racket, ruckus,
inchoate, incipient, introductory, nascent, original, prelimi- ruction, sonitus, sound, stir, strepitus, tumult, unpleasant
nary, primary, primary original, rudimentary, seminal, unique sound, uproar, uproariousness, vociferance, vociferation
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: new law ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: disturbing the peace, noise pollution,
nuisance
NEWS, noun broadcast news, coverage, current affairs,
daily news, developments, happenings, hard news, infor- NOISOME, adjective abhorrent, abominable, arrant,
mation, intelligence, media, news gathering, news me- atrocious, awful, base, blameworthy, brutal, coarse, con-
dium, news service, press, reportage, reporting, television, temptible, crude, deplorable, despicable, detestable,
the fourth estate, the press, the press corps, word disgusting, dreadful, egregious, execrable, fetid, foul,
grievous, heinous, horrible, horrid, ignoble, infamous,
NEWSWORTHY, adjective acclaimed, consequential, monstrous, nefarious, noxious, objectionable, obnoxious,
contemporary, crucial, essential, far-reaching, front-page, odious, offensive, repellent, reprehensible, repugnant,
great, important, influential, meaningful, momentous, no- repulsive, revolting, rude, sad, shameful, shocking, sick-
table, noteworthy, paramount, relevant, significant, sub- ening, terrible, vile, woeful, wretched
stantive, timely, topical, urgent, vital
NOLLO CONTENDERE, noun acceptance of penalty,
NEXT (Near), adjective abutting, adjacent, adjoining, admission of the facts, plea, settlement
bordering, connecting, contiguous, immediate, in the
neighborhood, in the vicinity, joined, juxtaposed, neigh- NOLLO PROSEQUI, noun abrogation, cancellation,
boring, tangential counter order, countermand, reversal, reversion

NEXT (Noted), adjective acclaimed, applauded, cele- NOMINAL, adjective cheap, cut-rate, hardly worth men-
brated, consequential, conspicuous, distinguished, eminent, tion, honorary, in name only, inconsiderable, inexpensive,
exalted, extraordinary, famed, famous, foremost, great, insignificant, little, low, low-priced, meager, meaningless,

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minimum, minute, moderate, modest, negligible, nomine, invisibility, invisibleness, nonattendance, nonpresence, ob-
petty, reduced, scanty, simple, slight, small, superficial, sym- scurity, truancy, unperceivability, unseeableness, vanishment
bolic, titular, titulary, token, trifling, trivial, unactual, unimpor-
tant, unsubstantial NONCANCELABLE, adjective abiding, durable, indeli-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: nominal capital, nominal considera- ble, ineffaceable, irrepealable, irreversible, lasting, nonabol-
tion, nominal damages, nominal defendant, nominal owner, ishable, nonannullable, nonerasable, nonrescindable, non-
nominal parties, nominal plaintiff, nominal value retractable, nonreversible, permanent, unchangeable,
undestroyable, unquashable, unvoidable
NOMINATE, verb appoint, assign, call, choose, com- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: noncancelable clause
mission, constitute, denominate, designare, designate for
appointment, designate for election, dicere, draft, engage, NONCHALANT, adjective aequo animo, apathetic,
entitle, install, label, name, name for office, nominare, or- blase, calm, carefree, casual, collected, composed, cool,
dain, ordinate, place in authority, place in command, place dispassionate, easygoing, impassive, imperturbable, indif-
in office, propose, propose as a candidate, put up, select, ferent, insouciant, inured, lacking enthusiasm, lacking inter-
specify, style, suggest, tag, title, vote into office est, lacking warmth, lukewarm, offhand, passionless,
pococurante, self-controlled, spiritless, studied, unaffected,
NOMINATION, noun appointment, assignment, au- unaroused, unblushing, uncaring, unconcerned, unenthusi-
thorization, choice, choosing, delegation, denomination, astic, unexcited, unfeeling, unflappable, unimpassioned,
deputization, designatio, designation, election, naming, unimpressed, uninterested, unmindful, unmoved, unruffled,
nominatio, ordainment, ordination, proposal, selection unshocked, unspirited, unstirred, untouched, unworried

NOMINEE (Candidate), noun chosen representative, NONCOMMITTAL, adjective careful, cautious, change-
flag bearer, named representative, political representative, able, close, discreet, evasive, faltering, guarded, hedging,
selection heedful, hesitant, hesitating, incommunicative, inconstant,
indecisive, infirm of purpose, irresolute, irresolved, laconic,
NOMINEE (Delegate), noun appointee, consignee, li- lukewarm, mutable, neutral, on guard, precautionary, pre-
censee, representative, selectee, trustee cautious, prudent, reserved, reticent, secretive, silent, taci-
turn, unassured, uncertain, uncommitted, uncommunica-
NON COMPOS MENTIS, adjective abnormal, bereft of tive, undaring, undecided, unforthcoming, uninvolved,
reason, crazed, crazy, declared insane, defective, de- unresolved, unresponsive, unsettled, unsteadfast, un-
mented, deprived of one’s wits, deranged, dim-witted, steady, unsure, vacillating, vague, wary, watchful, wavering
diseased in mind, disoriented, distraught, dull-witted, fee-
ble-minded, idiotic, insane, insanely deluded, lunatic, mad, NONCOMPETE CLAUSE, noun agreement not to com-
maddened, manic, maniacal, mental, mentally deficient, pete, contract against competing, covenant not to compete,
mentally diseased, mentally ill, mentally sick, mentally un- express promise not to compete, noncompete agreement,
sound, mindless, moronic, of unsound mind, out of one’s prohibition against competition, restrictive covenant not to
mind, out of one’s senses, out of one’s wits, psychologi- compete, restrictive provisions against competing
cally abnormal, psychopathic, psychotic, raving, senseless, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: golden handcuffs, per se violations of
simple-minded, unbalanced, unsettled, unsettled in one’s law, restrictive covenants, scope of geographical area, time
mind, unsound, unstable, utterly senseless period
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: insanity, lack of capacity
NONCOMPLIANCE (Improper completion), noun defi-
NON SEQUITUR, noun anacoluthon, bad logic, circular cient work, faulty work, inadequate final work, poor quality
reasoning, contradiction of terms, disconnectedness, discon- work, shabby work, wrong implementation
tinuity, fallacious argument, fallacious reasoning, fallacy, false ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: noncompliance with a judicial order
reasoning, flaw in the argument, illogical conclusion, illogical
deduction, illogical result, inconsequence, irrational conclu- NONCOMPLIANCE (Nonobservance), noun defiance,
sion, irrelevancy, loose thinking, lost connection, nonsensi- disloyalty, disregard of orders, non occurrence, noncon-
cality, nonsensicalness, paralogism, sophism, sophistry, formity, refusal
specious argument, specious reasoning, unfounded conclu-
sion, unwarranted conclusion, wrong reasoning NONCONFORMING, adjective aberrant, alien, at odds
with, at variance with, Bohemian, contrary, defiant, deviat-
NONACCEPTANCE, noun abnegation, abridgment, at ing, different, differing, disagreeing, disapproved, discord-
an impasse, confutation, contradiction, contrary assertion, ant, disobedient, dissentient, dissenting, dissident, dissimi-
contravention, disaffirmation, disallowance, disavowal, dis- lar, distinct, distinguished, diversified, eccentric, exotic,
clamation, dissent, negation, no agreement, no meeting of heretical, incongruous, independent, irregular, lawless, non-
the minds, objection, protest, rebuttal, recantation, refuta- adhering, noncompliant, nonobservant, nonuniform, origi-
tion, rejection, renouncement, renunciation, retraction nal, out of line, out of step, peculiar, quaint, rare, remarkable,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: presentment singular, solitary, special, unaccountable, unaccustomed,
unadaptable, unadjustable, unclassifiable, uncommon, un-
NONAGE, noun adolescence, childhood, early stage, conformable, unconventional, uncustomary, unexpected,
immaturity, infancy, legal immaturity, legal minority, mi- unfashionable, unique, unordinary, unorthodox, unparal-
nority, period of legal immaturity, period of legal minority, leled, unprecedented, unsubmissive, unusual, unwonted
tender age, youth ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: nonconforming use

NONAPPEARANCE, noun absence without leave, absen- NONCONFORMITY, noun aberration, abnormality, ab-
tation, absenteeism, concealment, default, failure to appear, normity, anomalousness, anomaly, apostasy, bizarreness,
hiding, imperceptibility, indiscernibility, inexistence, Bohemianism, change, contrast, defiance, departure,

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deviation, difference, disagreement, disconformity, diso- NONMILITANT, adjective accommodative, agreeable,

bedience, disparity, dispute, dissent, dissidence, dissimi- amicable, appeasable, conciliable, conciliative, conciliatory,
larity, distinctness, divergence, diverseness, diversity, ec- concordant, forgiving, gentle, halcyon, irenic, irenical,
centricity, exception, exceptionality, heresy, heterodoxy, meek, neutral, nonaggresive, noncombatant, noncombat-
heterogeneity, idiosyncrasy, incongruity, inconsistency, in- ive, nonviolent, pacificatory, pacifistic, peace-loving, peace-
dependence, individuality, irregularity, lack of agreement, able, peaceful, placable, placative, propitiable, propitiatory,
nonagreement, nonconcurrence, nonuniformity, objection, tolerant, unaggressive, unbellicose, unbelligerent, uncon-
originality, otherness, peculiarity, protest, protestation, tentious, unhostile, unmilitant, unpugnacious, unwarlike
recusancy, rejection, separateness, separatism, singularity,
strangeness, unconformity, unconventionality, uniqueness, NONOBSERVANCE, noun arbitrary, averse, contrary,
unlikeness, unorthodoxness, unorthodoxy, variance, varia- contumacious, defiant, delinquent, derelict, disloyal, disre-
tion, variety, veto garding, disrespectful, fractious, hostile, incorrigible, inde-
pendent, indisposed, insubordinate, insurgent, intractable,
NONCONSENTING, adjective critical, declinatory, defi- irascible, irresponsible, lawbreaking, lawless, licentious,
ant, disapproving, discontented, disobedient, disparaging, loath, mind of his or her own, misbehaving, mutinous, ne-
dissentient, dissenting, dissident, faultfinding, hostile, inac- glectful, negligent, noncompliant, nonconforming, obdu-
quiescent, insubordinate, intractable, nonconformant, non- rate, objecting, obstinate, obstreperous, opposed, oppos-
content, objecting, overcritical, protesting, recalcitrant, recu- ing, perfidious, rebellious, recalcitrant, refractory, reluctant,
sant, refusing, resistant, seditious, unapproving, uncomplying, remiss, resistant, resistive, restive, stubborn, uncoopera-
unconsenting, unsubmissive, unwilling tive, undependable, undisciplined, undutiful, unfaithful,
ungovernable, unmanageable, unmindful, unreliable, un-
NONCONTESTABLE, adjective nonchallengeable, non- ruly, unwilling, unyielding, violating, wayward, wild, willful
controvertible, nondebatable, nondisputable, nonproblem- FOREIGN PHRASES: Non observata forma, interftur adnul-
atical, nonquestionable, nonrefutable, undeniable, un- latio actus. Where form is not observed, the annulling of
doubtable, unquestionable the act is implied or follows.
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: noncontestable clause
NONOBVIOUSNESS, noun invention which is not an
NONDESCRIPT, adjective average, boring, characteris- obvious combination of preexisting work, invention which
tic, common, commonplace, conventional, difficult to clas- is not an obvious development of a preexisting work,
sify, difficult to describe, dull, everyday, familiar, hack- invention which is not an obvious variation of a preexisting
neyed, homely, indescribable, insipid, mediocre, middling, work, patent for invention unexpected by a person with
not extraordinary, not odd, not singular, not special, not ordinary skill in the art, requirement for patentability
unique, ordinary, pedestrian, plain, prosaic, stock, trite,
typical, unadorned, unclassifiable, undistinguished, unenli- NONPARTISAN, adjective autonomous, broad-minded,
vened, unexceptional, unexciting, unidentifiable, uninter- detached, disengaged, equitable, evenhanded, fair, fair-
esting, unremarkable, usual minded, impartial, independent, judicious, latitudinarian,
moderate, neutral, nonaligned, objective, self-determined,
NONENTITY, noun blank, cipher, existenceless, figure- self-directing, self-governing, sovereign, unbiased, unbig-
head, inexistence, insignificance, insignificancy, insubstanti- oted, uncommitted, uncompelled, unforced, uninduced,
ality, matter of no consequence, matter of no importance, uninfluenced, unprejudiced, unswayed, unwarped
nihil, no one, nobody, nonbeing, nonexistence, nothing,
nothingness, nought, nullity, terrae filius, unsubstantiality, NONPAYMENT, noun bad debt, balance due, default,
unsubstantialness deferred payment, delinquency, dishonor, dishonored bill,
evasion, failure, failure to pay, lapse, neglect, outstanding
NONESSENTIAL, adjective accessory, added, addi- debt, oversight, refusal to pay, repudiation, unpaid dues
tional, adscititious, auxiliary, avoidable, beside the point, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: nonpayment of rent
beside the question, dispensable, excess, expendable,
extra, extraneous, extrinsic, extrinsical, frivolous, gratui- NONPERFORMANCE, noun avoidance, breach of
tous, incidental, inconsequential, inessential, insignificant, promise, default, delinquency, dereliction of duty, disre-
minor, needless, negligible, of little consequence, of little gard, dutilessness, evasion, evasion of duty, failure to per-
importance, of no account, of no concern, of no conse- form, idleness, inactivity, inexecution, laxity, neglect, neg-
quence, of no importance, of no significance, of small im- ligence, noncompletion, noncompliance, noncooperation,
portance, optional, parenthetic, parenthetical, peripheral, nonfeasance, nonfulfillment, nonpractice, omission, tru-
redundant, spare, supererogatory, superfluous, superveni- ancy, unduteousness, undutifulness, unfulfillment
ent, supplemental, supplementary, trifling, trivial, uncalled ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: nonperformance of a contract, non-
for, unessential, ungermane, unimportant, unnecessary, un- performance of a duty
needed, unnoteworthy, unrequired, unwarranted
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: nonessential services NONPHASED, adjective addled, at a loss, at a nonplus,
at a stand or standstill, at an impasse, at one’s wit’s end, baf-
NONEXISTENT, adjective chimerical, fancied, fantastic, fled, bamboozled, bewildered, buffaloed, confounded,
fantastical, hallucinatory, hypothetical, ideal, illusory, im- dazed, deadlocked, fuddled, in a dilemma, in suspense, mud-
aginary, imagined, inexistent, legendary, notional, theo- dled, mystified, nonplussed, on tenterhooks, on the horns of
retical, unborn, uncreated, unexisting, unreal, visionary a dilemma, perplexed, puzzled, stuck and stumped, stymied

NONFEASANCE, noun delinquency, dereliction, disre- NONPROFIT, adjective altruistic, beneficent, benevo-
gard, disregard of duty, failure, inattention, indifference, lent, charitable, eleemosynary, humanitarian, munificent,
laxity, misprision, neglect of duty, negligence, nonfulfill- philanthropic, public service
ment, nonperformance, omission ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: nonprofit corporation

449
 NONRESIDENCE

NONRESIDENCE, noun absence, nondomicile, nonhab- NORMAL (Sane), adjective fit, logical, lucid, mentally
itancy, nonhabitation, noninhabitance, noninhabitancy, sound, of sound judgment, rational, reasonable, responsi-
nonoccupance, nonoccupancy, nonoccupation, nonpres- ble, sensible, sound, temperate
ence, nontenancy
NOSCITUR A SOCIIS, adverb comprehended from ac-
NONSECTARIAN, adjective all-comprehensive, all- companying words, perceived from accompanying words,
embracing, all-including, all-inclusive, broad, broad-based, realized from accompanying words, recognized from ac-
collective, comprehensive, ecumenical, general, global, in- companying words, understood from accompanying words
terdenominational, mixed, undenominational, universal,
unspecified, worldwide NOT ADMISSIBLE, adjective banned, barred, deemed
improper, deemed inapplicable, disallowed, disapproved,
NONSUBSTANTIAL (Not sturdy), adjective adynamic, excepted, excluded, inadmissible, inapposite, inappropri-
asthenic, attenuated, below par, breakable, brittle, defec- ate, ineligible, irrelevant, not admitted in, not allowed as
tive, deficient, delicate, destructible, enervated, ephemeral, evidence, not allowed in, not allowed in evidence, not al-
fallacious, feeble, flimsy, fragile, frail, frangible, ghostly, lowed to be admitted as evidence, not capable of being
illogical, inadequate, infirm, intangible, lame, limp, medio- introduced as evidence, objectionable, prohibited, refused,
cre, perishable, powerless, slight, sorry, strengthless, tenu- rejected, suppressed, unfit, unqualified, unsuitable, wrong
ous, unearthly, ungrounded, unsolid, unsound, unstable, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: evidence obtained by torture, hearsay,
unsturdy, unsubstantial, untenable, weak, weakly, without impeachment, not admissible into evidence
force, without foundation, wobbly
NOT COUNTENANCED, adjective disallowed, forbid-
NONSUBSTANTIAL (Not sufficient), adjective deficient, den, illegitimate, improper, inappropriate, incorrect, not
depleted, deprived, disappointing, drained, inadequate, allowed, not approved, not blessed, not permitted, not
incomplete, insignificant, insubstantial, lacking, low, proper, prohibited, proscribed, unapproved, uncertified,
meager, niggardly, paltry, scant, scanty, scarce, stingy, undue, unendorsed, unlawful, unlicensed, unsanctioned,
thin, too little, too small, unacceptable, ungratifying, unsat- unsuitable, unwarranted
isfactory, unsatisfying, unsufficing, wanting ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: a deception not countenanced, a sub-
stantial departure not countenanced by law, mistake not
NONSUIT, noun defeat, directed verdict, failure to es- countenanced, not countenanced by the courts, practices
tablish a cause of action, failure to make a case, failure to not countenanced by the courts
meet the burden of proof, failure to present sufficient evi-
dence, hostile verdict, insufficiency as a matter of law, in- NOT EQUITABLE, adjective biased, fraudulent, im-
sufficient evidence, judgment for the defendant as a matter proper, inequitable, jaundiced, not balanced, not fair, not
of law, termination of a case by inaction, termination of a just, not proper, one-sided, prejudiced, unequal, uneven,
judicial contest, termination of a lawsuit, termination of a unfair, unjust, unprincipled, unreasonable
lawsuit by failing to proceed, termination of a legal action, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: not equitable process
termination of a legal proceeding, termination of a pro-
ceeding, termination of a suit in law, termination of an ac- NOT GUILTY, adjective above suspicion, blameless,
tion, termination of an action at law by failure to proceed, clean-handed, exculpable, faultless, free from guilt, guilt-free,
termination of an action by neglect, termination of litigation guiltless, impeccable, incorrupt, inculpable, innocent, not re-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: compulsory nonsuit, demurrer, discon- sponsible, sinless, unblemished, unimpeachable, uninvolved
tinuance, dismissal, involuntary nonsuit, motion for nonsuit, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: plea of not guilty
peremptory nonsuit, voluntary nonsuit
NOT HONORABLE, adjective conniving, conscience-
NONTOXIC, adjective benign, harmless, hurtless, in- less, corrupt, deceitful, deceiving, deceptive, delusive, de-
nocent, innocuous, innoxious, inoffensive, nonfatal, nonir- lusory, discreditable, dishonorable, disingenuous, disrepu-
ritating, nonlethal, nonmalignant, nonpoisonous, nonven- table, faithless, fake, faked, false, false-hearted, falsified,
omous, nonvirulent, not baneful, not dangerous, not fraudulent, guileful, immoral, iniquitous, insidious, insin-
deadly, not deleterious, not pernicious, not toxiferous, safe, cere, lying, meretricious, misleading, nefarious, not fair, not
undestructive, unhazardous, uninjurious, unobjectionable, honest, not just, not legitimate, not proper, not true, per-
without risk fidious, shameless, shifty, spurious, surreptitious, treacher-
ous, underhanded, unethical, unfaithful, unprincipled, un-
NONUSE, noun abeyance, absence, abstinence, desue- professional, unscrupulous, untrue, untrustworthy,
tude, disusage, disuse, forebearance, neglect, nonemploy- untruthful, worthy of disbarment
ment, nonutilization, suspension
NOT PERMITTED, adjective banished, banned, barred,
NORM, noun average, general performance, general- blocked, checked, curbed, debarred, denied, disallowed,
ity, habit, median, midpoint, model, mold, ordinary run, disqualified, enjoined, excluded, forbid, foreclosed, halted,
pattern, point of comparison, regular performance, rule, hampered, hindered, illegal, impeded, inhibited, inter-
standard, typical performance dicted, interfered, limited, negated, obstructed, omitted,
opposed, ordered stopped, precluded, prevented, pro-
NORMAL (Regular), adjective according to rule, aver- scribed, quashed, quelled, refused, refused permission,
age, common, commonplace, conforming, conventional, regulated, rejected, repressed, repudiated, restrained, re-
customary, established, everyday, habitual, natural, orderly, stricted, revoked, shut out, smothered, stayed, stopped,
ordinary, representative, routine, standard, standardized, suppressed, suspended, thwarted, vetoed
true to form, typical, unexceptional, unvarying, usual ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: motion practice, not permitted to
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: normal conditions, normal course of disclose confidences, not permitted to many, punitive dam-
business, normal use ages in private lawsuits

450
 NOTICE

NOT PERTINENT, adjective alien, discordant, discrep- NOTE (Written promise to pay), noun bond, check, de-
ant, dissonant, gratuitous, improper, inadmissible, inap- benture, draft, money order, negotiable instrument, negoti-
plicable, inapposite, incongruent, incongruous, inconsist- able paper, voucher
ent, ineligible, inessential, inopportune, irrelevant, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accommodation note, bank note,
misapplied, misdirected, misplaced, not appropriate, not bearer notes, cognovit note, commercial paper, negotiable
germane, not related, objectionable, undue, unfit, unfitting, note, promissory note, treasury note
unharmonious, unsuitable, unsuited
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: evidence presented that is not perti- NOTE (Notice), verb acknowledge, advert to, apperceive,
nent, information requested that is not pertinent, not perti- appreciate, attend, be attentive, become aware, become
nent trait or character, objections conscious, cognize, direct attention to, discern, discover, fix
attention on, give attention to, hearken to, heed, look at,
NOT SUBSTANTIATED, adjective baseless, controverti- make out, mark, mind, observe, pay attention to, pay heed
ble, empty, flimsy, groundless, ill-conceived, ill-founded, to, perceive, realize, regard, see, take account of, take cog-
inconclusive, insubstantial, not proven, poorly argued, un- nizance of, take notice, turn attention to, watch, witness
founded, ungrounded, unproved, unsound, unsubstantial,
unsupportable, unsupported, unsustainable, unverifiable, NOTE (Record), verb adnotare, annotate, calendar, cata-
without a sound basis, without basis, without foundation log, chronicle, commit to writing, docket, document, en-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: allegations not substantiated, argu- register, enter, jot down, keep accounts, log, make a
ments not substantiated, claims not substantiated, com- memorandum, make an entry, mark, mark down, pen, put
plaints not substantiated, motions not substantiated in writing, put on paper, put on record, scribe, set down,
take down, write, write down
NOT VALID, adjective abrogated, baseless, canceled,
fallacious, faulty, futile, having no force, inadequate, inef- NOTED (Acknowledged), adjective accepted, admitted,
fective, ineffectual, inefficacious, inoperative, invalid, lack- cleared, declared, disclosed, discovered, established, evi-
ing authority, lacking force, lacking strength, not binding, dent, exposed, familiar, identified, manifest, obvious, pat-
nugatory, null, quashed, spurious, unauthentic, untenable, ently known, proclaimed, realized, recognized, revealed,
untrue, useless, vain, void, without legal basis, without well-known
legal efficacy, without legal justification ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: as noted, briefly noted, judicial notice
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: objections, patents, recordation in
copyright office, validity of claims, wills NOTED (Well-known), adjective acclaimed, applauded,
celebrated, consequential, conspicuous, distinguished, em-
NOTABLE, adjective above par, acclaimed, astonish- inent, exalted, extraordinary, famed, famous, foremost,
ing, atypical, awe-inspiring, awesome, celebrated, con- great, honored, illustrious, important, known, leading,
spicuous, distinguished, eminent, exceptional, extraordi- matchless, much touted, notable, noteworthy, notorious,
nary, famed, famous, foremost, illustrious, important, outstanding, popular, preeminent, prominent, recognized,
impressive, leading, luminous, marked, memorable, mo- remarkable, reputable, singular, unexampled, unique, un-
mentous, momumental, newsworthy, notabilis, noted, paralleled, unprecedented
noteworthy, outstanding, preeminent, prime, prominent, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: a noted authority
rare, remarkable, rememberable, renowned, salient, sig-
nal, significant, singular, special, striking, superior, talked NOTEWORTHY, adjective above par, amazing, anoma-
of, top-rank, transcendent, unforgettable, worthy of notice, lous, astonishing, astounding, atypical, bizarre, breathtak-
worthy of remark ing, celebrated, choice, commanding, considerable, con-
spicuous, curious, different, distinctive, distinguished,
NOTARIZE, verb accord one’s approval, accredit, af- egregious, eminent, especial, excellent, exceptional, ex-
firm, affix a legal signature, affix one’s signature to, ap- traordinary, extreme, famous, fantastic, foremost, idiosyn-
prove, attach a legal signature, attest to, authenticate, au- cratic, illustrious, important, impressive, incredible, indi-
thorize, bear witness, certify, confirm, confirm officially, vidual, individualistic, infrequent, leading, main, marked,
evidence, legalize, make valid, pronounce legal, seal, set material, memorable, momentous, monumental, newswor-
one’s hand and seal, sign, sign and seal, sign legally, sub- thy, notable, noticeable, novel, odd, original, out of the
scribe, undersign, validate, witness ordinary, outstanding, paramount, peculiar, peerless, perti-
nent, phenomenal, preeminent, principal, prodigious,
NOTARY PUBLIC, noun attestor of documents, clerk of prominent, queer, rare, remarkable, renowned, salient,
the court, commissioner of oaths, functionary, indorser, signal, significant, singular, special, standing out, stirring,
notary, official, recorder, register, registerer, registrar, strange, surprising, telling, uncommon, uncustomary, une-
scriba, scribe, scrivener, subscriber qualed, unfamiliar, unforgettable, unheard of, unimitated,
unique, unparalleled, unprecedented, unusual, wonderful,
NOTATION, noun annotation, chronicle, comment, wondrous, worthy of notice, worthy of remark
commentary, entry, footnote, inscription, marginalia, mem-
orandum, minute, note, record, register NOTHING (Void), noun blank, clean slate, emptiness,
empty feeling, empty space, inanity, nothingness, vacuity,
NOTE (Brief comment), noun abstract, adnotatio, an- vacuum
notation, billet, brief, codicilli, comment, commentary, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: nothing but the truth, nothing to hide
communication, dispatch, entry, epistula, exegesis, ex-
planatory comment, explanatory remark, footnote, gloss, NOTHING (Zero), noun naught, nil, none, not one iota,
marginal annotation, memorandum, message, minute, mis- nothing at all, nothing whatever
sive, record, reminder, scholium, short letter, statement,
word of explanation NOTICE (Announcement), noun bulletin, circular, com-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: note of issue munication, communique, declaration, decree, denuntiatio,

451
 NOTICE

disclosure, dispatch, enlightenment, enunciation, flier, in- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: attorney of record, court proceeding,
formation, memorandum, mention, message, news, note, notice of limited appearance
notification, presentation, proclamation, promulgatio,
pronouncement, publicity, release, reminder, report, reve- NOTIFICATION, noun announcement, annunciation,
lation, statement aviso, bulletin, caution, communication, communiqué, dec-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: legal notice, notice of appeal, notice of laration, denuntiatio, disclosure, dispatch, dissemination,
appearance, notice of claim, notice of motion, notice of divulgation, enlightenment, enunciation, evulgation, infor-
protest, public notice mation, intelligence, intercommunication, knowledge, legal
FOREIGN PHRASES: Notitia dicitur a noscendo; et notitia non notice, mention, message, monition, news, notice, procla-
debet claudicare. Notice is named from a knowledge mation, promulgatio, promulgation, pronouncement, pub-
being had; and notice ought not to be imperfect. licity, release, report, revelation, statement, transmission of
knowledge, warning
NOTICE (Heed), noun absorption, advertence, advert- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: due process, process of service,
ency, alertness, animadversio, attention, attentiveness, care, proper notification
careful attention, carefulness, cautel, caution, cautiousness,
circumspection, cognizance, consideration, discernment, en- NOTIFY, verb acquaint, advertise, advise, alert, announce,
grossment, guard, heedfulness, mindfulness, notatio, observ- annunciate, apprise, break the news, brief, bring word, call
ance, observation, recognition, regard, regardfulness, scru- attention to, caution, communicate, confide, contact, convey,
tiny, surveillance, thought, vigil, vigilance, wariness, watch, counsel, declare, disclose, disseminate, divulge, enlighten,
watchfulness enunciate, exhort, forewarn, give notice, give the facts, give
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: judicial notice to understand, give warning, herald, impart, indicate, inform,
FOREIGN PHRASES: De minimis non curat lex. The law is not instruct, issue a proclamation, issue a pronouncement, let
concerned with trifling matters. know, make an announcement, make known, make public,
mention, post, proclaim, promote, promulgate, propagate,
NOTICE (Warning), noun admonishment, admonition, publicize, publish, recount, relate, remind, report, reveal,
caution, caveat, commination, communication, counsel, serve notice, signal, signify, state, tell, tip off, transmit, warn
dehortation, denuntiatio, forewarning, monition, premon- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: notify a defendant of charges pending,
ishment, prenotification, ultimatum notify of an action pending
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: absence of notice, actual notice, ade-
quate notice, constructive notice, due notice, explicit no- NOTION, noun abstraction, apprehension, belief, ca-
tice, express notice, implied notice, imputed notice, notice price, concept, conception, conviction, desire, estimation,
of disallowance, notice to appear, notice to vacate, proper fancy, feeling, humor, idea, impression, inclination, inkling,
notice, reasonable notice, requisite notice, timely notice, judgment, mental image, notio, opinion, sentiment, sug-
verified notice, written notice gestion, supposition, suspicio, thought, understanding, va-
gary, view, whim
NOTICE (Give formal warning), verb address a warning
to, advise, apprise, communicate, convey knowledge to, NOTORIETY, noun attaint, bad report, bad reputation,
denuntiatio, direct attention to, disclose, divulge, entrust bad repute, bruit, celebrity, censure, conspicuousness,
with information, forewarn, formally advise, give fair warn- dedecoration, degradation, denunciation, disapprobation,
ing, give information, give warning, impart knowledge of, discredit, disesteem, disfavor, disgrace, dishonor, dispar-
impart to, inform, instruct, make a formal proclamation, agement, disreputability, disreputableness, disrepute,
make acquainted with, make an announcement, make disrespect, distinction, eclat, eminence, fama, fame, fa-
known, make mention of, make public, notify, offer a word mousness, flagrancy, ignominy, ignomy, ill repute, impu-
of caution, pass on information, promulgatio, publish, put tation, indignity, infamia, infamousness, infamy, inglori-
on one’s guard, reveal, warn ousness, loss of honor, loss of reputation, name, notability,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: notice a deposition, notice a hearing notedness, obloquy, odium, opprobrium, popular repute,
popularity, prominence, public notice, publicity, recogni-
NOTICE (Observe), verb acknowledge, animadvertere, tion, renown, reproach, reputation, repute, scandal,
appreciate, ascertain, assess, attend to, be attentive, be shame, significance, slur, stigma, stigmatization, taint,
conscious of, become aware of, become conscious of, unrespectability
behold, call attention to, cognize, comment, detect, dis-
cern, discover, distinguish, elucidate, examine closely, NOTORIOUS, adjective arrant, blameworthy, cele-
examine intently, give heed to, glance at, hear, heed, in- brated, conspicuous, contemptible, degraded, deplorable,
spect, investigate, look, look at, mark, mention, notatio, despised, discreditable, disgraceful, dishonorable, disrepu-
note, observe, occupy oneself with, pass under review, table, disrespectable, egregious, famed, famous, flagrant,
pay attention, perceive, pore over, realize, recognize, re- generally known, glaring, held in contempt, ignoble, igno-
gard, review, scrutinize, see, sight, spot, take cognizance, minious, infamous, inglorious, nobilis, noted, notus, odi-
take into account, take into consideration, take stock of, ous, of ill fame, of ill repute, opprobrious, outcast, outra-
view, watch, witness geous, prominent, publicized, renowned, scandalous,
shameful, shameless, shocking, unfavorably known, unre-
NOTICE OF APPEARANCE, noun announcement of spectable, unseemly, unworthy of respect, villainous, with-
the lawyer in a case, entrance by counsel in a case, formal out repute
notification of counsel’s presence, noted presence in ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: notorious easement, notorious pos-
court, notice of entry, notification of representation, noti- session, open and notorious use
fication of the entry of counsel to a case, official acknowl-
edgment of counsel’s presence, official appearance by NOTWITHSTANDING, preposition all the same, al-
counsel, official statement of representation, statement of though, despite, even, however, in any case, in any event,
counsel’s appearance in spite of, nevertheless, none the less, still, yet

452
 NULLIFY

NOVATION, noun complete substitution, exchange, FOREIGN PHRASES:

Aedificare in tuo proprio solo non licet
replacement, substitution quod alteri noceat. It is not lawful to build upon one’s own
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: novation of a contract land what may injure another.

NOVEL, adjective alien, anomalous, bizarre, different, NUISANCE VALUE, noun cost to resolve a frivolous ac-
distinctive, eccentric, exceptional, extraordinary, foreign, tion, disposal value, number to dispose of a frivolous case,
fresh, innovative, inusitate, irregular, modern, neoteric, number to get rid of a frivolous action, number to make a
neoterical, new, newly come, nonconformist, novus, odd, case go away, price to resolve a frivolous case, quick set-
original, peculiar, quaint, rare, recent, singular, strange, tlement amount for a frivolous case, value to dispose of a
uncharacteristic, uncommon, unconventional, uncustom- frivolous lawsuit, walking money
ary, unfamiliar, unheard of, unique, unordinary, unortho- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: frivolous lawsuit
dox, unprecedented, untested, untried, unused, unusual,
up-to-date, up-to-the-minute NULL (Insignificant), adjective beneath notice, dispen-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: novel question of law sable, disregarded, empty, expendable, immaterial, impu-
issant, inappreciable, inconsequential, inconsiderable, ines-
NOVICE, noun amateur, apprentice, aspirant, beginner, sential, inferior, insubstantial, insufficient, irrelevant,
catechumen, disciple, entrant, fledgling, freshman, hopeful, meaningless, minor, negligible, nominal, nugatory, of no
inexperienced person, initiate, learner, neophyte, new ar- account, of no effect, of no moment, of no value, paltry,
rival, newcomer, probationer, pupil, recruit, rookie, rudis, peripheral, petty, pointless, powerless, puny, secondary,
student, trainee, tyro, unskilled person, untrained individual small, superficial, tenuous, token, trifling, trivial, unavailing,
unessential, unimportant, uninfluential, unmeaningful, un-
NOW AND FOREVER, adverb evermore, for ever and necessary, unsubstantial, useless, valueless, without conse-
ever, forever, forevermore quence, without meaning, without significance, without
substance, worthless
NOXIOUS, adjective adverse, bad, baleful, baneful,
brutal, causing danger, contaminated, corrupting, damag- NULL (Invalid), adjective abolished, abrogated, an-
ing, dangerous, deleterious, destructive, detrimental, disad- nulled, canceled, dead, defeated, defunct, deleted, disan-
vantageous, fatal, fraught with danger, harmful, hazardous, nulled, disestablished, effectless, extinct, extinguished,
hurtful, impairing, injurious, insalubrious, internecine, jeop- forceless, gone, impotent, ineffective, ineffectual, ineffica-
ardous, lethal, malefic, malicious, malignant, menacing, cious, inoperative, inritus, negated, no longer law, not valid,
mischievous, nocent, noisome, offensive, perilous, perni- nugatory, nullified, obliterated, of no binding force, of no
cious, pestiferous, pestilent, poisonous, precarious, risky, effect, of no validity, of no weight, omitted, overruled, pow-
ruinous, scatheful, threatening, toxic, unfavorable, unhealthy, erless, quashed, repealed, rescinded, reversed, revoked, set
unsafe, unwholesome, vicious, virulent aside, strengthless, superseded, suspended, unauthorized,
unsanctioned, useless, vacated, valueless, void, withdrawn,
NUANCE, noun cast, degree, delicacy, difference, dif- without authority, without legal effect, without legal force,
ferentiation, discrimination, distinction, hidden meaning, without potency, without value, worthless
implication, nicety, shade, shade of difference, shade of
meaning, shadow, subtle difference, subtlety, suggestion, NULL AND VOID, adjective abolished, abrogated, an-
touch, variance nulled, canceled, defeated, defunct, disannulled, disestab-
lished, effectless, extinct, extinguished, forceless, impo-
NUCLEUS, noun apex, axis, base, capital, center, cen- tent, ineffective, ineffectual, inefficacious, inoperative,
tral, core, cornerstone, cynosure, epicenter, eye, focus, invalid, negated, no longer law, not valid, nugatory, nulli-
ground zero, heart, hub, locus, mecca, nerve center, nexus, fied, obliterated, of no binding force, of no effect, of no
nucleus, omphalos, seat, vortex legal weight, of no validity, omitted, overruled, quashed,
repealed, rescinded, reversed, revoked, set aside, strength-
NUGATORY, adjective fatuous, frivolous, frothy, futile, less, superseded, suspended, unauthorized, unsanctioned,
immaterial, inadequate, inane, inapt, incompetent, inconse- useless, vacated, valueless, void, withdrawn, without au-
quential, ineffective, ineffectual, inefficacious, inept, inop- thority, without legal effect, without legal force, without
erative, insignificant, insubstantial, inutile, invalid, irrelevant, potency, without value, worthless
jejune, nugatorius, null, null and void, otiose, paltry, petty,
purposeless, slight, superficial, trifling, trivial, unavailing, NULLIFICATION, noun abolishment, absolute contra-
unfruitful, unimportant, unproductive, unprofitable, unserv- diction, annulment, cancel, cancellation, canceling, contra-
iceable, useless, vain, valueless, void, worthless diction, contrary assertion, contravention, countering, disaf-
firmation, disallowance, disavowal, disclaimer, disclamation,
NUISANCE, noun affliction, aggravation, annoyance, disproof, emphatic denial, flat denial, invalidation, recanta-
anxiety, bedevilment, bother, burden, cause of distress, tion, refutation, renunciation, repeal, repudiation, rescind-
devilment, difficult situation, difficulty, discomfort, dis- ing, rescission, retraction, reversal, revocation, revoke, set-
pleasure, disturbance, grievance, handicap, harassment, ting aside, striking down, suspension, voidance
hardship, hindrance, imposition, inconvenience, infliction, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: antinullification, Constitution, state’s
infringement, injurious interference, interference, intru- rights, ultimate sovereign
sion, irritation, molestation, obstacle, ordeal, pain, pest,
pestilence, plague, problem, scourge, trial, trouble, unlaw- NULLIFY, verb abolish, abrogate, ad inritum redigere,
ful obstruction, unwarrantable intrusion, vexation, worry annul, cancel, cast aside, counteract, countermand, declare
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: abatement of a nuisance, attractive null and void, deprive of efficacy, deprive of legal force,
nuisance, common nuisance, continuing nuisance, nui- disannul, dissolve, invalidate, make useless, make valueless,
sance at law, nuisance in fact, nuisance per se, public make void, negate, neutralize, obliterate, offset, outweigh,
nuisance override, overrule, overturn, quash, recall, recant, render

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 NULLITY

invalid, renege, repeal, repudiate, rescind, retract, reverse, in words, not written, oral, oral declaration, oral testimony,
revoke, suspend, vacate, vitiate, void oratorical, parol, phonic, pronounced, spoken, stated,
unwritten, uttered, verbal, vocal, voiced
NULLITY, noun blankness, inanitas, inefficacy, inexist- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: nuncupative will
ence, insignificance, invalidity, naught, nihility, nonbeing,
nonentity, nonexistence, nothing, nothingness, oblivion, NUPTIAL, adjective allied, betrothed, bridal,
vacuity, vanitas, void conjugal, connubial, coupled, espoused, genialis, mari-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: decision to overrule decision tal, married, mated, matrimonial, nuptialis, united, wed-
ded
NUMBER, noun account, accounting, aggregate, calcu- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: antenuptial agreement
lation, collection, complement, count, decimal, degree,
estimate, exponent, figure, integer, integral, multitude, NUPTIAL AGREEMENTS, noun contract regarding a
overall amount, overall quantity, quantity, score, sum, sym- marriage arrangement, contract regarding the bonds
bol, tally, total of matrimony, marriage agreement, marriage compact,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: gaming marriage concordat, marriage understanding, marriage
undertaking, matrimonial contract, pact, pledge, postn-
NUMEROUS, adjective abundance, ample, an exces- uptial agreement, prenuptial agreement, spousal agree-
sive amount, bounteous, bountiful, copious, countless, ever ment
so many, exhaustless, generous, lavish, liberal, many, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: domestic relations, family law, post-
much, multiple, myriad, not a few, overflowing, plentiful, nuptial agreements, prenuptial agreement
plentious, plenty, rampant, too many
NURTURE, verb advance, aid, assist, back, bolster,
NUNC PRO TUNC, noun acknowledged, operative with bring to maturity, bring up, care for, cherish, coach, culti-
respect to the past, ratified, reaffirmed, reconfirmed, reen- vate, develop, direct, educate, encourage, enrich, feed,
dorsed, reestablished, retroactive effect, retrospective ef- fortify, forward, foster, further, give aid, harbor, help, im-
fect, revalidated prove, instruct, invigorate, maintain, make provisions for,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: nunc pro tunc order make strong, mold, nourish, nurse, nutrire, patronize, pre-
pare, promote, provide for, rear, render better, render
NUNCUPATIVE, adjective articulated, conversational, strong, sponsor, strengthen, succor, supply aid, support,
conveyed orally, declared, dictated, enunciated, expressed sustain, teach, train, tutor, victual

OATH, noun adjuration, affirmation, affirmation of truth, debet. An oath made between other parties ought neither
affirmation of truth of a statement, asseveration, attestation, to hurt nor profit. Non est arctius vinculum inter hom-
avouchment, avowal, avowance, guarantee, iusiurandum, ines quam jusjurandum. There is no stronger bond be-
open declaration, pledge, promise, solemn affirmation, sol- tween men than an oath. Jurato creditur in judicio. He
emn avowal, solemn declaration, solemn invocation, swear- who makes an oath is to be believed in a judicial proceed-
ing, sworn pledge, sworn promise, sworn statement, vow ing. Jusjurandi forma verbis differt, re convenit; hunc
FOREIGN PHRASES: Repellitur a sacramento infamis. An in- enim sensum habere debet: ut Deus invocetur. The form
famous person is denied the right to make an oath. of taking an oath differs in language, agrees in meaning; for
Sacramentum habet in se tres comites—veritatem, justi- it ought to have this meaning: that the deity is invoked.
tiam, et judicium; veritus habenda est in jurato; justitia Perjuri sunt qui servatis verbis juramenti decipiunt
et justicium in judice. An oath has in it three compo- aures eorum qui accipiunt. They are perjured, who, pre-
nents—truth, justice, and judgment; truth in the party serving the words of an oath, deceive the ears of those who
swearing; justice and judgment in the judge administering receive it. Omne sacramentum debet esse de certa sci-
the oath. Juramentum est indivisibile; et non est admit- entia. Every oath ought to be founded on certain knowl-
tendum in parte verum et in parte falsam. An oath is edge. Sacramentum si fatuum fuerit, licet falsum,
indivisible; it is not to be held as partly true and partly false. tamen non committit perjurium. A foolish oath, although
Jusjurandum inter alios factum nec nocere nec prodesse false, does not give rise to perjury.

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 OBJECTIONABLE

OBDURATE, adjective callous, cold, decided, deter- blind, blur, cloak, cloud, complicate, conceal, confound,
mined, dogged, dogmatic, dogmatical, firm, hard, hard- confuse, cover, curtain, darken, daze, dim, disconcert, dis-
bitten, hardened, hard-hearted, harsh, headstrong, heart- turb, dull, eclipse, fluster, fog, hide, keep one guessing,
less, immovable, immutable, impervious, impossible to mist, mix up, muddle, mystify, nonplus, obscure, obum-
influence, incorrigible, indifferent, indurate, indurated, in- brate, occult, overshadow, perplex, perturb, put off the
exorable, inflexible, insensitive, intractable, intransigent, track, puzzle, screen, shade, shield, shroud, stupefy, throw
invariable, iron-hearted, irreclaimable, merciless, mulish, into confusion, throw off the scent, unsettle, upset, veil
obstinate, opinionated, opinionative, pertinacious, pervica-
cious, pig-headed, positive, recalcitrant, refractory, relent- OBJECT, noun aim, butt, commodity, concern, consil-
less, remorseless, resolute, stony, strong-minded, strong- ium, corporeal body, design, destination, end, final cause,
willed, stubborn, tenacious, unalterable, unbending, finis, goal, item, material product, material substance, mat-
uncaring, unchangeable, uncompassionate, uncompromis- ter, point, propositum, purpose, subject, substance, target,
ing, unconcerned, uncontrollable, unfeeling, unforgiving, ultimate purpose
ungovernable, unmalleable, unmanageable, unmerciful,
unpitying, unrelenting, unresponsive, unstirred, unsuscep- OBJECT, verb attack, be at variance, be averse, call in
tible, unsympathetic, untouched, unyielding, willful question, challenge, complain, contra dicere recusare, con-
travene, controvert, criticize, demur, disagree, disapprove,
OBEDIENT, adjective acquiescent, amenable, attentive, dispute, dissent, enter a demurrer, enter a protest, except,
behaved, biddable, complaisant, compliable, compliant, express an objection, express disapproval, find fault, op-
complying, conformable, conforming, controllable, dedi- pose, protest, put forward in opposition, quarrel, re-
cated, deferential, devoted, dicto audiens, docile, ductile, pugnare, resist, state by way of objection, state opposition,
duteous, dutiful, faithful, governable, honoring, law-abid- take exception
ing, loyal, manageable, meek, obeisant, obliging, oboedi-
ens, observant, obtemperans, passive, pliant, regardful, OBJECT LESSON, noun case in point, crowning exam-
respectful, reverential, rule-abiding, servile, submissive, ple, demonstration, embodiment, epitome, example, ex-
subservient, supple, tame, tractable, unresisting, venerat- emplar, exemplification, explanation, heinous example,
ing, well-behaved, willing, yielding illustration, instance, most wretched instance, paragon,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Ubi non est condendi auctoritas, ibi non quintessence, relevant instance, representative, specimen,
est parendi necessitas. Where there is no authority for symbol, terrible, worst
establishing a rule, there is no need of obeying it. Ejus
nulla culpa est cui parere necesse sit. No guilt attaches OBJECT TO, verb absolutely differ with, be at variance
to a person who is compelled to obey. Quicunque jussu with, be averse to, be diametrically opposed to, be on all
judicis aliquid fecerit non videtur dolo malo fecisse, fours with, call in question, challenge, complain, contra-
quia parere necesse est. Whoever does anything by the vene, controvert, counter, criticize, deny, disagree with,
command of a judge is not deemed to have done it with disapprove, dispute, dissent, express an objection, express
an evil intent, because it is necessary to obey. Prudenter disapproval, find fault, oppose, protest, put forward in op-
agit qui praecepto legis obtemperat. He acts prudently position, resist, state by way of objection, state opposition,
who obeys the precept of the law. Obedientia est legis take exception, undermine
essentia. Obedience is the essence of the law. Legitime ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: evidence, rules of procedure
imperanti parere necesse est. One who commands law-
fully must be obeyed. OBJECTION, noun adverse argument, adverse charge,
adverse comment, adverse reason, challenge, contradictio,
OBEISANT, adjective affable, amiable, civil, complai- counterargument, countercharge, criticism, denunciation,
sant, compliant, conciliatory, courteous, decorous, deferen- difference, disagreement, disapprobation, disapproval, dis-
tial, deferring, duteous, dutiful, eager to please, good-hu- satisfaction, dissent, exception, expostulation, grievance,
mored, good-natured, gracious, helpful, honorable, opposition, protest, quod contra dicitur, reason for disap-
humble, meek, nonresisting, obedient, obliging, pliant, proval, rebuke, rejection, remonstrance, reservation
polite, respectful, reverent, reverential, self-abasing, show- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: frivolous objection, general objection,
ing homage, submissive, subservient, surrendering, unre- grounds for an objection, oral objection, overrule an objec-
sisting, willing, yielding tion, preservation of an objection, specific objection, sustain
an objection, technical objection, waiver, written objection
OBEY, verb abide by, accede, accept, accommodate,
acquiesce, act in accordance with orders, act on, adhere to, OBJECTIONABLE, adjective abhorrent, abominable,
agree, answer to, assent, attend to, attend to orders, be annoying, antipathetic, base, deplorable, despicable, de-
devoted to, be faithful to, be governed by, be guided by, testable, disagreeable, disgusting, dislikable, displeasing,
be loyal to, be obedient, be regulated by, be subject, be- distasteful, evil, exceptionable, execrable, filthy, foul, ful-
have, bend to, be ruled by, bow to, carry out, come at call, some, gross, hateful, heinous, horrid, illaudable, impalata-
comply, conform, consent, defer to, do the will of, execute, ble, improper, inadvisable, inappropriate, inexpedient,
fall in with, follow, follow orders, fulfill, fulfill the commands insufferable, intolerable, invidious, loathsome, nasty, nefari-
of, give allegiance to, give way, heed, humble oneself to, ous, noisome, noxious, obnoxious, obscene, odious, offen-
keep, kneel to, listen, live by, mind, oboedire, obsequi, ob- sive, opprobrious, peccant, pernicious, repugnant, repul-
serve, parere, perform, please, respect, respond, satisfy, sive, revolting, scurvy, sickening, unacceptable,
serve, submit, succumb, surrender, take orders, yield unappealing, unbearable, unbecoming, uncommendable,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Ejus nulla culpa est cui parere necesse undesirable, unendurable, uninviting, unlikable, unpalata-
sit. No guilt attaches to a person who is compelled to obey. ble, unpleasant, unpleasing, unsatisfactory, unsavory, un-
seemly, unsuitable, vile, wrong
OBFUSCATE, verb addle, adumbrate, baffle, becloud, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: objectionable conduct, objectionable
bedim, befuddle, begloom, bemist, bewilder, blacken, material, objectionable question

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OBJECTIVE, adjective actual, broad-minded, candid, fulfillment, the obligation is due immediately. Eisdem
concrete, corporeal, desired, detached, disinterested, dis- modis dissolvitur obligatio quae nascitur ex contractu,
passionate, equitable, factual, fair, fair-minded, impartial, vel quasi, quibus contrahitur. An obligation which arises
impersonal, judicial, just, material, neutral, nonpartisan, in contract, or quasi contract, is dissolved in the same ways
nonsubjective, open-minded, real, reasonable, scientific, in which it is con-tracted. Idem est scire aut scire debet
sober, unbiased, unbigoted, uncolored, uninfluenced, un- aut potuisse. To be bound to know or to be able to know
jaundiced, unprejudiced, unslanted, unswayed, unwarped is the same as to know. Nuda pactio obligationem non
parit. A naked agreement does not affect an otherwise
OBJECTIVE, noun achievement, aim, ambition, aspira- binding obligation. Impossibilium nulla obligatio est.
tion, design, desire, desired object, destination, dream, One cannot be obliged to perform impossible tasks.
end, expectation, final point, fixed purpose, formulated Unumquodque dissolvitur eodem ligamine quo ligatur.
intention, goal, height of one’s ambition, hope, idea, in- Every obligation is dissolved by the same manner with
tent, intention, locus qui petitur, mark, mission, point, which it is created. Omnia quae jure contrahuntur, con-
purpose, pursuit, set purpose, settled purpose, target, trario jure pereunt. All contracts which are entered into
terminal point under a law, become void under a contrary law. Ignorantia
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: lawful objectives eorum quae quis scire tenetur non excusat. Ignorance of
those things which a person is deemed to know is no ex-
OBJECTIVITY, noun aequitas, broadmindedness, de- cuse. L’obligation sans cause, ou sur une fausse cause,
tachment, disinterest, disinterestedness, dispassion, dis- ou sur cause illicite, ne peut avoir aucun effet. An obli-
passionateness, equitableness, equity, fair-mindedness, fair gation without consideration, or upon a false considera-
play, fairness, immovability, impartiality, impersonality, tion, or upon unlawful consideration, cannot have any ef-
justice, justness, lack of bias, lack of jaundice, lack of preju- fect. Nudum pactum est ubi nulla subest causa praeter
dice, neutrality, noninvolvement, nonpartisanship, nonsub- conventionem; sed ubi subest causa, fit obligatio, et
jectivity, open-mindedness parit actionem. A naked contract is where there is no
consideration except the agreement; but where there is a
OBJURGATE, verb abase, admonish, berate, blame, call consideration, an obligation is created and gives rise to a
down, castigate, censure, chasten, chastise, chide, humble, right of action.
humiliate, penalize, punish, rake over the coal, rebuke,
reprehend, reprimand, reproach, scold, scourge, upbraid OBLIGATION (Liability), noun accountability, amount
due, charge, debit, debt, duty to pay money, indebtedness,
OBJURGATION, noun accusation, admonishment, indenture, outstanding debt, that which is owing, unliqui-
admonition, berating, castigation, chiding, denunciation, dated claim, unpaid debt
expostulation, lecture, rebuke, reprehension, reprimand,
reproach, reproof, reproval, scolding, sermon, upbraiding OBLIGATION OF GOING FORWARD, noun adequate
evidence, adequate proof legally presented at trial, burden
OBLIGATE, verb agree to perform, agree to be bur- of going forward, burden of proof, legal responsibility, suf-
dened with, assume a duty, assume a moral responsibility ficient corroboration, sufficient evidence in a case, sufficient
for, assume responsibility for, assume the performance of, evidence to establish a case, sufficient proof, sufficient
become legally responsible for, become obliged, charged proof of facts, validation of proof of a case, verification of
with, committed to accomplish, compel, contracted, cove- proof of a case
nanted, indebted to, promise to do ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: cause of action or claim, evidence,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: contractual duties, implied obligations evidential burden, failure to sustain, preponderance of the
evidence, prima facie case, rebuttal
OBLIGATION (Duty), noun agreement, burden, charge, FOREIGN PHRASES: Onus probani. Burden of proof.
commitment, compulsion, contract, covenant, debt, duty
owed, homini gratiam debere, legal responsibility, moral OBLIGATORY, adjective binding, coactive, coercive,
responsibility, necessity, oath, obligement, officium, pact, commanded, compelling, compulsatory, compulsive, com-
performance owed, promise, responsibility, social respon- pulsory, constrained, dictated, enforced, essential, exigent,
sibility, that which a person owes to another, that which is forced, forcible, imperative, importunate, imposed, incum-
due from a person bent on, indispensable, inescapable, involuntary, leaving no
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: alternative obligation, antecedent obli- choice, mandatory, necessary, necessitated, not to be
gation, community obligation, conditional obligation, con- avoided, not to be evaded, prerequisite, pressing, re-
tingent obligation, contractual obligation, existing obliga- quired, requisite, unavoidable, unforgoable, urgent, vital,
tion, fiduciary obligation, impairment of obligation, joint with force of law, without appeal, without choice
obligation, legal obligation, moral obligation, mutual obli- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: obligatory advance, obligatory pay-
gations, parental obligation, pecuniary obligation, personal ment, obligatory writing
obligation, privity of obligation, secured obligation, several
obligations, statutory obligations, voluntary obligation OBLIGE, verb bind, coerce, compel, dragoon, elicit,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Fides est obligatio conscientiae alicujus exact, force, impel, impose, make another accept a role,
ad intentionem alterius. A truth is an obligation of con- make another accept responsibility for, make another party
science of one to the wishes of another. Nihil tam natu- perform, obligate, require
rale est, quam eo genere quidque dissolvere, quo col-
ligatum est; ideo verborum obligatio verbis tollitur; OBLIGEE, noun bestower, financier, grantor, lender, les-
nudi consensus obligatio contrario consensu dissolvi- sor, mortgage holder, mortgagee
tur. Nothing is so natural as to dissolve anything in the
way in which it was made binding. In omnibus obliga- OBLIGOR, noun borrower, debtor, drawee, loan ap-
tionibus in quibus dies non ponitur, praesenti die de- plicant, loanee, mortgagor, pledgor
betur. In all obligations in which no time is fixed for their ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: obligor on a note

456
 OBSERVATION

OBLIQUE (Evasive), adjective ambivalent, backhanded, lascivious, lecherous, lewd, libidinous, licentious, lubricous,
circuitous, circumlocutory, cloaked, concealed, devious, lurid, lustful, obscenus, offensive, offensive to decency, of-
disingenuous, elusive, elusory, equivocal, equivocating, fur- fensive to modesty, patently offensive, pornographic, pro-
tive, indeterminate, indirect, inexact, lacking clarity, prevari- fane, profligate, ribald, risque, salacious, scabrous, sensual,
cating, recondite, roundabout, secretive, sinuous, unclear, sexy, shameful, shameless, spicy, tending to excite lustful
underhand, underhanded, unstraightforward, vague, veiled desires, turpis, unchaste, unwholesome, vile, vulgar, wanton

OBLIQUE (Slanted), adjective angled, askew, aslant, OBSCENITY, noun bawdiness, coarseness, dirtiness, im-
awry, diagonal, inclined, inclining, leaning, obliquus, modesty, immorality, impropriety, indecency, indecorum,
slanting, sloping, steep, tilted, tipped, tipping indelicacy, lechery, lewdness, lubricity, obscenitas, offensive-
ness, pornography, ribaldry, salaciousness, salacity, scurrillity,
OBLITERATE, verb abolere, abolish, annihilate, annul, blot smut, smuttiness, turpitudo, unchastity, vileness, vulgarity
out, bring to nothing, cancel, conceal, consume, cover, cover
up, defeat, delere, delete, demolish, deracinate, desolate, OBSCURATION, noun adumbration, blackout, blur,
destroy, devastate, devour, disintegrate, dispel, dissipate, cloud, concealment, darkening, darkness, dimming, dim-
dissolve, efface, eliminate, erase, expunge, exterminate, ness, disappearance, faintness, fogginess, fuzziness, gloom,
extinguish, extirpate, gut, invalidate, level, liquidate, mask, gloominess, indistinctness, obfuscation, obliteration, obscu-
mow down, nullify, obscure, omit, pull up by the roots, rity, occultation, opacity, opaqueness, overshadowing, pri-
quash, quell, ravage, raze, remove, remove the traces, vacy, retirement, seclusion, secrecy, shade, shading, shad-
render illegible, render imperceptible, rub off, rub out, ruin, owing, unclearness, unintelligibleness, vagueness
rule out, scratch out, screen, shroud, smash, snuff out,
squash, stamp out, strike out, suppress, swallow up, sweep OBSCURE (Abstruse), adjective complex, cryptic, cryp-
away, tear down, topple, unmake, wipe out, wreck, write off tical, deep, difficult, difficult to understand, enigmatic, en-
igmatical, esoteric, hidden, impalpable, incomprehensible,
OBLIVIOUS, adjective absent, absentminded, ab- intricate, involved, mysterious, profound, recondite, tran-
sorbed, abstracted, blank, careless, distracted, dreamy, scendental, unapparent, unintelligible
faraway, forgetful, heedless, immemor, inattentive, incon-
siderate, indifferent, insensible, mindless, neglectful, negli- OBSCURE (Faint), adjective blurred, blurry, concealed,
gent, obliviosus, overlooking, preoccupied, remiss, dim, hard to see, hidden, impalpable, imperceptible, incon-
thoughtless, unaware, uncaring, unconscious, undiscern- spicuous, indefinite, indiscernible, indistinct, invisible,
ing, unheeding, unmindful, unnoticing, unobservant, un- murky, nebulous, pale, shadowy, subtle, unapparent, un-
recognizing, without consideration clear, undistinguished, unplain, vague, veiled, weak

OBLOQUY, noun abasement, abuse, abusive language, OBSCURE (Remote), adjective alien, distant, far, for-
accusation, animadversion, aspersion, berating, blame, casti- eign, isolated, private, rare, removed, secluded, strange,
gation, censure, chastisement, chiding, contempt, criticism, unconnected, unknown, unrenowned
debasement, defamation, degradation, denunciation, deri- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: obscure meaning
sion, derogation, diatribe, disapprobation, discredit, dises-
teem, disfavor, disgrace, dishonor, disparagement, disre- OBSCURE, verb adumbrate, becloud, bedim, befog,
pute, disrespect, dressing down, execration, exprobration, begloom, benight, blacken, blind, blur, cast a shadow, cloak,
faultfinding, humiliation, ignominy, ill favor, ill repute, in- cloud, conceal, cover, cover up, curtain, darken, darkle, dim,
famy, ingloriousness, invective, lashing, maledictum, objur- disguise, dull, dusk, eclipse, encloud, enshroud, fog, haze,
gation, odium, opprobrium, reproach, revilement, scolding, hide, keep in the dark, make dim, make indistinct, mask,
shame, slur, stigma, stricture, tirade, tongue-lashing, tra- mislead, obfuscate, occult, overcast, overcloud, over-
ducement, verbal abuse, vilification, vituperatio, vituperation shadow, screen, shade, shroud, suppress, veil, wrap
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: defamation FOREIGN PHRASES: Semper in obscuris quod minimum est
sequimur. In obscure matters the construction which is
OBNOXIOUS, adjective abhorrent, abominable, annoy- least obscure should always be applied.
ing, antagonizing, antipathetic, base, beastly, blameworthy,
censurable, contemptible, deplorable, despicable, detestable, OBSEQUIOUS, adjective compliable, compliant, con-
disagreeable, disgusting, displeasing, execrable, faulty, foul, cessive, crawling, cringing, crouching, deferential, docile,
fulsome, gross, hateful, heinous, hellish, horrible, horrid, im- enslaved, fawning, flattering, groveling, humble, ingratiat-
palatable, insufferable, intolerable, invidious, invisus, loathful, ing, obedient, scraping, servile, slavish, spineless, submis-
loathsome, nasty, nauseating, nefarious, noisome, noxious, sive, subordinate, subservient, sycophantic, toadying, un-
noxius, objectionable, odious, offensive, opprobrious, perni- assertive, yielding
cious, poisonous, rank, repellent, reprehensible, repugnant,
repulsive, revolting, unbearable, unendurable, unpleasant, OBSERVANCE, noun abidance, acquiescence, adher-
unpleasing, unwholesome, vile, villainous, vulgar, wretched ence, allegiance, attention, compliance, conformance, co-
operation, faithful adherence, honor, performance, respect,
OBNUBILATE, verb adumbrate, becloud, bedim, blacken, satisfaction, regard, submission, submissiveness
blind, blur, cast a shadow, cloak, cloud, cloud over, conceal, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: freedom of religion
cover, cover up, curtain, darken, dim, disguise, dull, eclipse,
encompass with gloom, enshroud, fog, haze, hide, make in- OBSERVATION, noun advertence, advertency, annota-
distinct, mask, obfuscate, obscure, occult, overcast, over- tion, ascertainment, assertion, attention, attentiveness,
cloud, overshadow, screen, shade, shadow, shroud, veil, wrap check, cognition, cognizance, comment, commentary, con-
centration, conclusion, consideration, declaration, detection,
OBSCENE, adjective bawdy, broad, debauched, foul, im- dictum, discovery, espial, espionage, estimation, examina-
modest, immoral, impure, indecent, indelicate, inquinatus, tion, expression of opinion, finding, heed, heedfulness,

457
 OBSERVE

inspection, intentness, investigation, look, mention, mind- bition, proscription, remora, restraint, restriction, snag, stop,
fulness, notatio, note, notice, observatio, opinion, pro- stoppage, stopper, stumbling block, suppression, trammel
nouncement, reconnaissance, reflection, regard, remark,
report, scrutiny, statement, study, supervision, surveillance, OBSTRUCT, verb bar, barricade, block, brake, bridle,
survey, utterance, view, watch, watchfulness, witnessing bring to a standstill, check, choke, circumscribe, congest,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: observation of the demeanor of a witness countervail, cramp, cripple, curb, debar, delay, disable,
embar, encumber, estop, forbid, frustrate, halt, hamper,
OBSERVE (Obey), verb abide by, acquiesce, adhere to, hamstring, handicap, hinder, impede, impedite, inhibit,
attend, be faithful to, be guided by, be regulated by, be sub- interfere with, interrupt, intervene, limit, occlude, oppi-
missive to, bow to, carry out, cling to, comply with, conform, late, preclude, prevent, prohibit, restrain, retard, slow
conservare, cooperate, discharge, do the will of, execute, down, snag, stall, stand in the way, stay, stem, stop, stop
follow, fulfill, heed, honor, keep, obey, observare, pay atten- up, stymie, suppress, suspend, terminate, thwart, tram-
tion to, perform, respect, satisfy, show regard for, yield to mel, trap
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: observe the laws ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: obstruct a lawful authority, obstruct an
investigation, obstruct justice, obstructing governmental
OBSERVE (Remark), verb announce, articulate, assert, administration
aver, comment, communicate, couch in terms, declare,
exclaim, express, give expression to, give tongue to, give OBSTRUCTION, noun balk, ban, bar, barricade, barrier,
utterance to, give voice to, impart, make a remark, make block, blockade, blockage, bridle, catch, check, clog, clo-
mention of, mention, muse, phrase, proclaim, put into sure, congestion, constraint, constriction, cork, curb, dam,
words, say, state, tell, utter, vocalize, voice difficulty, disallowance, embargo, embarrassment, enjoin-
ing, fence, forbiddance, hamper, hindrance, hitch, hurdle,
OBSERVE (Watch), verb animadvertere, attend, be a spec- impediment, impedimentum, impedition, injunction, inter-
tator, be a witness, be attentive, be aware, be conscious, be ference, interruption, limitation, obstacle, obstructio, ob-
vigilant, behold, command a view, descry, devote attention struent, obturation, occlusion, plug, preclusion, prevention,
to, direct the eyes to, espy, examine, eye, follow, gaze at, prohibition, proscription, remora, restraint, restriction,
give attention to, give heed to, have in sight, heed, hold in shackle, snag, stop, stopper, stricture, trammel
view, inspect, keep an eye on, keep in sight, keep in view, lay FOREIGN PHRASES: Forstellarius est pauperum depressor,
eyes on, look, look at, mark, mind, note, notice, observare, et totius communitatis et patriae publicus inimicus. A
pay attention, pay heed, peer at, perceive, peruse, recon- forestaller is an enemy of the poor, and a public enemy of
noiter, regard, review, scan, scout, scrutinize, see, spectare, the county.
spy, survey, take cognizance of, take note, take notice, take
stock, turn the attention to, turn the eyes on, view OBSTRUCTIONIST, noun assailant, extremist, firebrand,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: eyewitness hellion, incendiary, inciter, inflamer, initiator, instigator, in-
truder, invader, meddler, mischievous person, provocateur,
OBSESS, verb agitate, annoy, bedevil, beset, besiege, provoker, raider, ringleader, rowdy person, sparkplug, tres-
bewitch, compel, control, craze, dement, derange, discom- passer, troublesome person, unruly person
pose, disconcert, distress, dominate, drive, enthrall, gnaw,
haunt, hold captive, hound, infatuate, madden, nag, over- OBTAIN, verb accumulate, achieve, acquire, adipisci,
power, pervade, plague, possess, preoccupy, prey on the appropriate, arrive at, attain, be in receipt of, capture,
mind, seize, torment, trouble, unbalance, unhinge, vex, collect, come into possession, consequi, earn, enter into
weigh on the mind possession, gain, gain possession, gather, get, get hold
of, get possession of, grab, hold, lay hands upon, nan-
OBSESSION, noun absorption, application, attraction, cisci, pick up, pocket, possess, procure, reach, realize,
compulsion, craze, crotchet, dominating action, engross- receive, recover, secure, seize, take, take over, take pos-
ment, exclusive attention, fanaticism, fancy, fascination, session, win
fetish, fixation, fixed idea, immersion, infatuation, irresisti- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: obtain a judgment, obtain a search
ble impulse, mania, monomania, passion, preoccupation, warrant
rapt attention, ruling passion, ruling whim, single-minded-
ness, undivided attention, whole attention OBTRUDE, verb accroach, break in, burst in, butt in,
encroach, force, impose, inculcare, infringe, ingerere, inter-
OBSOLETE, adjective abandoned, anachronistic, anach- fere, interlope, intermeddle, interpose, interrupt, intervene,
ronous, ancient, antediluvian, antiquated, antique, archaic, intrude, invade, meddle, trespass
archaistic, bygone, dated, dead, discarded, discontinued,
dismissed, disused, early, expired, extinct, fallen into des- OBTRUSIVE, adjective aggressive, assuming, bold,
uetude, fallen into disuse, no longer in use, obsolescent, brash, brazen, encroaching, forward, impertinent, insolent,
obsoletus, old, old-fashioned, out-of-date, out of use, out- interfering, interrupting, interruptive, intruding, intrusive,
dated, outmoded, outworn, past, primitive, rejected, re- invasive, malapert, meddlesome, meddling, officious,
tired, stale, timeworn, unfashionable, unmodern presuming, presumptuous, prominent, protruding, protru-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: obsolete covenant, obsolete records, sive, protuberant, prying, pushy, rude, saucy, self-assertive,
obsolete restrictions unmannerly

OBSTACLE, noun arrest, balk, barricade, barrier, block, OBTUND, verb abate, allay, alleviate, anesthetize, as-
bridle, catch, check, constraint, curb, dam, delay, detainment, suage, benumb, blunt, calm, deaden, desensitize, dull,
difficulty, disallowance, drawback, embargo, enjoining, ease, impair the force of, make blunt, make less violent,
estoppel, fence, forbiddance, hamper, handicap, hindrance, mitigate, moderate, modulate, numb, palliate, quell, quiet,
hurdle, impediment, impedimentum, inconvenience, inhi- reduce the edge, reduce the violence, soften, take the
bition, injunction, limitation, obstruction, preclusion, prohi- edge off, weaken

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OBTURATE, verb block, clog, close, cork, hinder, inter- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bona fide occupant, illegal occupancy,
fere, obstruct, prevent, shut, stop up, stopper lawful occupant, right of occupancy, tenant in occupancy

OBTUSE, adjective asinine, blockish, blunt, blunt-witted, OCCUPATION (Possession), noun ascendancy, author-
callous, dense, doltish, dronish, dull, dull-witted, hebes, idi- ity, charge, command, control, direction, domination, do-
otic, ignorant, imbecilic, imperceptive, impercipient, insensi- minion, influence, inhabitation, jurisdiction, mastery, occu-
tive, lumpish, moronic, oafish, obtusus, opaque, phlegmatic, pancy, occupatio, ownership, power, predominance,
retusus, senseless, simple, simple-minded, slow, stupid, predominancy, proprietary rights, proprietorship, resi-
thick, thickheaded, torporific, uncaring, uncomprehending, dence, retention, right to retain, rule, seizure, superintend-
undiscerning, unfeeling, unimaginative, unintelligent, witless ence, tenure

OBVIATE, verb abolish, annihilate, crush, decimate, OCCUPATION (Vocation), noun activity, avocation,
defeat, demolish, destroy, eliminate, foil, invert, obliterate, business, calling, capacity, career, chosen work, craft, em-
overcome, overpower, overset, overthrow, overturn, over- ployment, enterprise, field, industry, job, line, livelihood,
whelm, quell, repress, reverse, ruin, subdue, subvert, sup- mission, negotium, office, position, profession, pursuit, sit-
press, topple, upend, uproot, upset, vanquish uation, specialty, trade, undertaking, venture, work
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: obviate the terms of a contract
OCCUPY (Engage), verb absorb, absorb the attention,
OBVIATION, noun abolition, abrogation, arresting, bar, absorb the mind, absorb the thoughts, address oneself to,
blockage, cancellation, check, deterrent, elimination, fore- amuse, apply oneself to, apply the attention to, apply the
stalling, interdiction, prevention, removal, stoppage, mind to, arrest the attention, attract the attention, attract
turning aside the mind, attract the thoughts, be active with, be at work
on, be concerned with, be employed, busy oneself with,
OBVIOUS, adjective accessible, apertus, apparent, axi- captivate, catch the attention, claim one’s thoughts, con-
omatic, axiomatical, bald, bright, clear, comprehensible, centrate on, concern oneself with, devote, direct the atten-
conspicuous, discernible, discoverable, distinct, distin- tion to, direct the mind to, engage the attention, engage
guishable, evident, exoteric, exoterical, explicit, exposed, the mind, engage the thoughts, engross, engross the mind,
glaring, in evidence, in view, indisputable, intelligible, engross the thoughts, entertain, enthrall, entrance, excite
lucid, manifest, manifestus, notable, noticeable, observa- the attention, fascinate, go about, immerse, in re versari,
ble, open, overt, palpable, patent, perceivable, perceptible, interest, invite the attention, involve, keep busy, monopo-
perspicuous, perspicuus, plain, prominent, pronounced, lize, monopolize the thoughts, obsess, occupare, plunge
recognizable, revealed, standing out, striking, transparent, into, ply, preoccupy, rivet the attention, rivet the mind,
uncamouflaged, unconcealed, undeniable, understandable, rivet the thoughts, set about, set to work, specialize in,
undisguised, unhidden, unmasked, unmistakable, unques- spend one’s time in, tackle, take employment, take on, take
tionable, unscreened, visible, well-defined part, take up, tenere, turn the attention to, turn the mind to,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: obvious danger, obvious defect, obvi- undertake, work at
ous error, obvious risks
OCCUPY (Take possession), verb abide, acquire, annex,
OCCASION, noun advent, affair, chance, conjuncture, appropriate, assume, assume ownership, be possessed of,
episode, event, experience, happening, incident, instance, capere, capture, claim, colonize, command, conquer, con-
juncture, moment, occasio, occurrence, opening, opportu- trol, denizen, dominate, dwell, dwell in, expropriate, have
nity, point, situation, suitable time, tempus, time possession of, have rights to, have title to, help oneself to,
hold, indwell, inhabit, invade, keep, keep hold of, keep
OCCASION, verb breed, bring about, cause, create, house, live, live in, lodge, make one’s home at, move into,
effect, generate, give cause for, induce, make, produce, obtain, occupare, own, possess, procure, recover, reside in,
provoke retain, seize, settle in, stay, take from, take over, take up
residence in
OCCLUDE, verb arrest, bar, barricade, block, blockade, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: actually occupy, lawfully occupy
check, choke off, close, cork, cover, dam up, debar, deter,
fasten, hamper, hedge in, hem in, hinder, impede, inhibit, OCCUR (Come to mind), verb be uppermost in the
intercept, interclude, interrupt, lock, obstruct, obturate, op- mind, become aware, become visible, come into view,
pilate, plug, preclude, prevent, prohibit, restrain, restrict, conjure up, crop up, cross one’s mind, emerge, enter the
retard, seal, shut, shut in, shut off, stanch, stop, stop up, mind, enter the picture, manifest itself, pass in the mind,
throttle, thwart, trammel, trap present itself, present itself to the mind, remember, reveal
itself, show itself, subit, suggest itself
OCCUPANCY, noun actual possession, control, domin-
ion, enjoyment, habitation, holding, inhabitancy, occupa- OCCUR (Happen), verb arise, become a fact, become
tion, ownership, possessio, possession, proprietorship, known, come about, come into being, come into existence,
residence, retention, temporary possession, tenure come to pass, develop, emerge, fieri, incidere, materialize,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: certificate of occupancy, continuous proceed, recur, result, take effect, take its course, take
occupancy, illegal occupancy, partial occupancy, physi- place, transpire
cal occupancy, principal occupation, residency laws,
right of occupancy OCCURRENCE, noun affair, casus, circumstance, con-
tingency, episode, event, eventuality, experience, fortuity,
OCCUPANT, noun addressee, denizen, dweller, free- happening, happenstance, incident, instance, occasion,
holder, habitant, householder, inhabitant, inmate, lease- phenomenon, predicament, proceeding, realization, res,
holder, lessee, lodger, occupier, possessor, renter, resident, situation, transaction, turn, venture
residentiary, resider, roomer, sojourner, tenant FOREIGN PHRASES: Casus fortuitus. A chance occurrence.

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 ODD

ODD (Numeral), adjective alternating number, every disturb, embarrass, enrage, gall, horrify, hurt, incense, in-
other number, symbol, uneven digit, uneven figure, uneven flame, infuriate, injure, irk, irritate, laedere, madden, make
integer, uneven number angry, mortify, nettle, offendere, outrage, pain, pique, pro-
voke, ridicule, rile, slight, snub, taunt, tease, treat with
ODD (Strange), adjective alien, antagonistic, antithetic, discourtesy, treat with indignity, vex, wound
atypical, changed, contradictory, contradistinctive, con-
trary, contrasting, contrastive, deviating, diametrically op- OFFEND (Violate the law), verb break a law, break the
posed, different, discordant, discrepant, disparate, dissimi- law, commit a breach of the law, commit a crime, commit
lar, dissonant, distinct, distinctive, divergent, diverse, a fault, commit an infraction, commit offense, commit sin,
foreign, idiosyncratic, in disagreement, incommensurable, contravene, disobey the law, disregard the law, err, in-
incomparable, incompatible, incongruous, individual, in- fringe, infringe a law, misconduct oneself, peccare, trans-
harmonious, mismatched, opposed, out of the ordinary, gress, trespass, violare
peculiar, set apart, unique, unlike, unmatched, unrelated,
unusual, variant, varied, varying OFFENDER, noun aggressor, assailant, criminal, delin-
quent, evildoer, felon, lawbreaker, malefactor, malfeasant,
ODDITY, noun aberrance, aberrancy, aberration, abnor- one implicated in the commission of a crime, one who
mality, anomalism, anomaly, bizarreness, caprice, capri- breaks the law, one who commits a crime, peccans, sinner,
ciousness, curiosity, curiousness, deformity, deviancy, de- transgressor, violator, wrongdoer
viation, distinctiveness, divergence, eccentric, exception, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: first offender, multiple offender, youth-
fancifulness, fantasticality, grotesqueness, idiosyncrasy, in- ful offender
congruousness, individuality, irregularity, malformation,
mannerism, maverick, misfit, oddness, original, peculiarity, OFFENDING, adjective aberrant, annoying, blamewor-
quaintness, rarity, strangeness, uniqueness thy, condemned, culpable, delinquent, devious, disobedi-
ent, displeasing, erratic, exasperating, galling, guilty, in
ODIOUS, adjective abject, abominable, accursed, annoy- error, irritating, miscreant, naughty, noncompliant, offen-
ing, base, beastly, blameworthy, coarse, confounded, con- sive, provoking, repellant, repugnant, stray, transgressing,
temptible, corrupt, cursed, damnable, despicable, detesta- unorthodox, vexing, wandering, wayward
ble, diabolic, dirty, disagreeable, disgraceful, disgusting,
displeasing, evil, execrable, forbidding, foul, frightening, OFFENSE, noun aggression, assault, attack, breach,
fulsome, grotesque, hateful, heinous, hideous, horrible, breach of the law, breaking of the law, crime, criminal act,
horrid, ignoble, ignominious, infamous, infernal, insuffera- criminal deed, criminality, delict, delictum, delinquency,
ble, intolerable, invidiosus, invidious, invisus, loathsome, disobedience, encroachment, evil behavior, evil deed, fail-
low, mean, monstrous, nasty, objectionable, obnoxious, ure, felony, illegal act, illegal conduct, illegality, impropri-
odiosus, offensive, rank, repellent, reprehensible, repugnant, ety, infraction, infringement, injury, inobservance, lawbreak-
repulsive, revolting, rotten, scurvy, shocking, sickening, ing, lawlessness, malefaction, malfeasance, malpractice,
sinister, tainted, ugly, unbearable, unendurable, unlovable, malversation, misconduct, misdeed, misdemeanor, misdo-
unpalatable, unpleasant, unpopular, unworthy, vile, vulgar ing, misfeasance, misprision, noncompliance, nonobser-
vance, offensio, official misconduct, omission, outrage,
ODIUM, noun abhorrence, alienation, animosity, animus, pecability, peccatum, transgression, umbrage, unlawful act,
antipathy, aversion, avoidance, bad feeling, blame, censure, unrighteousness, violation, violation of law, violation of
contempt, criticism, debasement, degradation, derision, de- orders, wrong, wrongdoing, wrongfulness
spite, detestation, disaffection, disapproval, disesteem, disfa- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bailable offense, capital offense,
vor, disgrace, disgust, dishonor, dislike, displeasure, disre- charged with an offense, compound offense, continuing
pute, distaste, dudgeon, enmity, execration, hate, hatred, offense, degree of offense, grave offense, lesser offense,
horror, hostility, humiliation, ignobility, ignominy, ill will, in- minor offense, offense against public decency, offense at
famy, inimicalness, loathing, malevolence, malice, malicious- common law, petty offense, prior offense, public offense
ness, obloquy, odiousness, opprobrium, rancor, rebuke, re- FOREIGN PHRASES: Peccata contra naturam sunt gravis-
proach, repugnance, repulsiveness, resentment, revulsion, sima. Crimes against nature are the most heinous.
scandal, scorn, shame, strong aversion, unpopularity, venom
OFFENSE SPECIFIC RIGHT, noun limitation on exten-
OF COURSE, adverb absolutely, agreeable, as ex- sion to factually related offenses, right limited to specific
pected, by all means, certainly, definitely, exactly, for a fact, offense, right limited to the offense at issue
for sure, indeed, indubitably, naturally, okay, positively, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: Sixth Amendment Right to Counsel
surely, undoubtedly, unquestionably, with every degree of
certainty, without a doubt, without fail, yes OFFENSIVE (Offending), adjective abhorrent, abomina-
ble, abusive, annoying, antipathetic, beneath contempt,
OF GREAT IMPORT, adjective of major significance, of biting, blasphemous, coarse, contemptible, contumelious,
overwhelming significance, of serious import, of significant detestable, disagreeable, discourteous, disdainful, disgust-
consequence, of significant importance, of significant ing, displeasing, disrespectful, distasteful, execrable, foul,
meaning, of vast importance gravis, harsh, hateful, heinous, hideous, horrible, horrid,
ignoble, ill-bred, impertinent, impious, impudent, inaffable,
OFF THE CHARTS, adjective amazing, astonishing, be- indecent, inharmonious, insolent, insulting, intolerable,
yond words, exceptional, great, incredible, marvelous, invidious, irritating, loathsome, low, malignant, monstrous,
masterful, mind-blowing, prodigious, spectacular, success- nasty, nauseating, noxious, objectionable, obnoxious, odio-
ful, terrific, wonderful sus molestus, odious, offending, opprobrious, outrageous,
peccant, putrid, reeking, repellent, repelling, reprehensi-
OFFEND (Insult), verb abuse, affront, anger, annoy, be ble, repugnant, repulsive, revolting, ribald, rude, sarcastic,
discourteous, be impolite, chagrin, displease, distress, saucy, shocking, sickening, stinging, truculent, unbearable,

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 OLD

uncivil, uncongenial, unendurable, ungracious, unman- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: official act, official bond, official busi-
nered, unmannerly, unpalatable, unpleasant, unpleasing, ness, official misconduct, official notice, official proceeding,
unsavory, unspeakable, vile, wounding official record

OFFENSIVE (Taking the initiative), adjective aggressive, OFFICIAL, noun administrative head, administrator,
agitational, antagonistic, assailant, assailing, attacking, bat- bureaucrat, executive, executive officer, functionary, head
tling, bellicose, combative, contentious, disruptive, excit- of government, leader, leader of affairs, office bearer, of-
ing, fighting, hostile, inciting, incursive, inflammatory, insti- ficeholder, officer, overseer, person in authority, person re-
gating, instigative, invading, invasive, militant, militaristic, sponsible, praefectus, public officeholder, superintendent,
provocative, provoking, unpacific, unpeaceful, warlike supervisor
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: public official
OFFENSIVE WORK ENVIRONMENT, noun abhorrent
workplace, abominable job environment at work, actiona- OFFICIAL MISCONDUCT, noun criminal conduct by a
ble workplace, execrable milieu at work, hostile workplace, public official, criminal conduct by an administration’s
repulsive workplace, unacceptable workplace member, dereliction of performance in office, deviation
from rectitude, dishonest management, failing to uphold a
OFFER (Propose), verb bid, bring forward, hold forth, sworn oath of office, failure in office, guilty act while a
hold out, invite, lay before, make a bid, make a proposition, public official, illegal act, illegality by a public official, im-
make an overture, offerre, pose, proffer, profiteri, pro- proper conduct by a public official, impropriety by a public
pound, put forth, put forth for acceptance, put forth for official, maladministration by a public servant, malfeasance
consideration, put forward, put forward for consideration, by a public servant, misadministration by a public servant,
recommend, submit, suggest, urge upon, venture misconduct by a public official, misdeeds by a public official,
misfeasance by a public official, misgovernment, misguid-
OFFER (Tender), verb advance, cede, extend, offer per- ance by a public official, mismanagement by an officeholder,
formance, pay, present, present for acceptance, produce, misprision by an officeholder, nonfeasance by an office-
proffer, proffer payment, remit, render, submit, tender per- holder, offenses while in office, transgressions by an office-
formance holder, turpitude by an officeholder, wrongdoing, by a
FOREIGN PHRASES: Praesentare nihil aliud est quam praesto public official
dare seu offere. To present is no more than to give or offer ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: unlawful gratuities
forthwith.
OFFICIATE, verb act, administer, carry out, command,
OFFICE, noun appointment, assigned task, berth, billet, conduct, direct, discharge a function, do duty, execute,
bureau, business, capacity, charge, duty, employment, exercise, fill an office, function, govern, guide, head, hold
function, incumbency, job, munus, occupation, officium, an office, lead, manage, minister, moderate, occupy the
partes, place of business, place of employment, position, chair, officio fungi, oversee, perform, pilot, preside, regu-
post, profession, role, service, situation, station, trade, late, run, serve, steer, superintend, supervise, take the chair
trust, work, workplace
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: impeachment from public office, mal- OFFSET, noun allowance, balance, compensation, con-
feasance in office, misconduct in office, misfeasance in of- trast, counter, counteractant, counteragent, counterbalance,
fice, neglect of duty, nonfeasance in office, removal from counterblast, counterpoise, counterweight, equalization,
office, vacancy in office equivalent, hedge, impedance, neutralizer, nullifier, oppo-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Officium nemini debet esse damnosum. site, opposition, preventative, satisfaction, set off, substitute
An office ought to be injurious to no one. Nemo duobus
utatur officiis. No one should hold two offices at the same OFFSHOOT, noun addition, annex, branch, by-prod-
time. Officia judicialia non concedantur antequam va- uct, derivative, descendant, development, division, exten-
cent. Judicial offices are not to be granted or appointed sion, issue, member, offspring, outgrowth, satellite, scion,
before they become vacant. subdivision, subsidiary, supplement

OFFICER, noun elected representative, functionary, OFFSPRING, noun brood, cadet, child, children, de-
named representative, officeholder, official scendants, family, heir, issue, lineage, next generation,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: officer of the court, officer of the law offshoots, posterity, progenies, progeny, proles, scion,
spawn, stirps, successor, younger generation
OFFICER OF THE COURT, noun advocate, appointed ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: illegitimate offspring, natural offspring
official of the court system, attorney, attorney-at-law, bar-
rister, barrister-at-law, counsel, counselor, counselor-at-law, OFTEN, adjective accustomed, common, consistently,
designated official of the court system, judicial designate, customary, familiar, frequent, habitual, numerous, occurring
judicial officer, judicial official, legal advisor, legal advocate, over again, often done, often repeated, over and over again,
legal consultant, legal practitioner, member of the legal persistent, prevalent, repeated, repetitive, same, usual
profession, official of the court
OLD, adjective advanced in years, ancient, antiquated,
OFFICIAL, adjective accredited, approved, assured, at- antique, archaic, crumbling, decadent, decayed, declining,
tested, authenticated, authoritative, ceremonious, certain, decrepit, deteriorated, dilapidated, discontinued, disinte-
certified, conclusive, correct, decided, definite, dependable, grated, early, elderly, enfeebled, hoary, inveteratus, ma-
endorsed, established, formal, guaranteed, indisputable, tured, no longer young, not modern, obsolete, olden,
insured, legitimate, licensed, magisterial, officiary, proper, original, past, preceding, preexisting, run down, rusty,
proven, publicus, reliable, sanctioned, to be depended on, stale, superannuated, timeworn, used, vetus, vetustus, vin-
to be trusted, trustworthy, undeniable, unequivocal, unim- tage, waning, weakened, weathered, worn, worn out
peachable, valid, verified, worthy of confidence ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: ancient records doctrine

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 OMINOUS

OMINOUS, adjective adverse, alarming, augurial, auspi- ON POINT, adjective compliant, conclusive, consum-
cial, baleful, bodeful, dangerous, dark, depressing, dire, dire- mate, decisive, definite, exact, explicit, fixed, infallible, lit-
ful, disastrous, dismaying, dispiriting, disquieting, disturbing, eral, narrow, particular, perceptive, positive, precise, ratio-
divinatory, fatidic, fatidical, fear-inspiring, fearful, forbidding, nal, rigid, rigorous, solid, sound, specific, strict, stringent,
foreboding, frightful, gloomy, grim, hapless, haunting, hope- sure, systematic, unambiguous, undeniable, unequivocal,
less, ill-boding, ill-fated, ill-omened, ill-starred, inauspicious, unmitigated, well-defined
luckless, menacing, minacious, minatory, monitory, morbid, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: a case on point, research is on point
perilous, pessimistic, portending evil, portentous, precursive,
precursory, premonitory, presageful, presaging, presentient, ON PURPOSE, adjective by design, deliberately, having
pythonic, sinister, somber, threatening, threatful, unfortunate, a mission, having an intended result, intended, purposeful,
unlucky, unpromising, unpropitious, vatic, vaticinal to a particular goal, to a specific end, to gain a desired re-
sult, with a plan, with a singleness of purpose, with an in-
OMISSION, noun breach, carelessness, default, default tended motive, with an intended objective, with intent,
in performance, delinquency, dereliction, disregard, ex- with perserverance, with persistence, with specific intent,
cluding, exclusion, failure, failure to perform, inadvertence, with tenacity, with the will to gain an intended result
laxity, laxness, leaving out, neglect, neglect to perform, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: malice, public purpose
negligence, nonfeasance, noninclusion, oversight, passing
over, praetermissio, pretermission, remissness, slip ON THE DOCKET, noun anticipated, approaching, ar-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: material omission, negligent omission, ranged, case which is calendared, due, expected, filed with
omission of duty, omission to act, willful omission the court, forthcoming, high on the agenda, imminent, im-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Omissio eorum quae tacite insunt nihil pending, listed on the calendar, litigation docket, on the cal-
operatur. The omission of those things which are tacitly endar, pending, planned, projected, prospective, put down
expressed is unimportant. on the docket, scheduled, scheduled case, set, slated, upcom-
ing
OMIT, verb abstain from inserting, bypass, cast aside, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: case ready for trial
count out, cut out, delete, discard, dodge, drop, exclude, fail
to do, fail to include, fail to insert, fail to mention, leave out, ON THE GROUNDS, adjective argued, arising from,
leave undone, let go, let pass, let slip, miss, neglect, omit- based on, brought as a result of, brought on account of,
tere, pass by, pass over, praetermittere, skip, slight, transire built on, contingent upon, dependent on, established by,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Casus omissus et oblivioni datus dispo- founded on, grounded on, justified by, rationalized by,
sitioni communis juris relinquitur. A case omitted and relying on, rested on, rooted in, settled upon
forgotten is left to the disposal of the common law. ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: charges brought on the grounds that,
grounds for divorce, legal grounds, on the grounds for
OMNIBUS, adjective all-embracing, all-inclusive, blan- appeal, on the grounds of prejudice, predicted on the
ket, broad, catholic, collective, compendious, complete, grounds for dismissal
composite, comprehensive, encyclopedic, encyclopedical,
exhaustive, expansive, extensive, general, generic, generi- ON THE LEVEL, adjective aboveboard, credible, de-
cal, inclusive, inclusory, indiscriminate, limitless, miscella- cent, dependable, fair, honest, legitimate, on the up-and-
neous, of great scope, overall, pandemic, sweeping, unlim- up, open, sincere, square, straight, trustworthy, truthful,
ited, unqualified, unrestricted, wide-reaching, widespread up front
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: omnibus law
ON THE OTHER HAND, adverb alternatively, by way
OMNIPOTENT, adjective able, all-powerful, almighty, of opposition, contrarily, contrariwise, conversely, counter,
capable, dominant, dominating, effective, effectual, god- in direct contraposition, in opposition, interchangeably,
like, Herculean, illimitable, infinitely powerful, irresistible, inversely, just the opposite, just the other way around, just
mighty, omnipotens, overwhelming, plenipotent, plenipo- the reverse, oppositely, otherwise, quite to other contrary,
tentiary, possessing unlimited power, potent, powerful, rather, to the contrary, to the other extreme, vice versa
predominant, prepotent, puissant, ruling, sovereign,
strong, supreme, uncircumscribed, unlimited in power ON THE RECORD, noun capable of being released, capa-
ble of being reported, documented, for attribution, for public
OMNISCIENT, adjective all-knowing, all-seeing, all- consumption, for the record, not discrete but open, not pri-
wise, apperceptive, comprehending, deific, deifical, discern- vate, not secret, officially, out in the open, preserved for the
ing, encyclopedic, farseeing, foreseeing, godlike, infinitely record, put in the minutes, recorded, reported to the public
wise, informed, knowing, knowledgeable, oracular,
Palladian, pansophic, pansophical, perceptive, percipient, ON THE WHOLE, adverb all considering, all in all, all
predicting, prescient, sagacious, sapient, smart, under- things considered, by and large, chiefly, essentially, every-
standing, well-informed, wise thing being equal, for all intents and purposes, for all practi-
cal purposes, for the most part, generally, having said that,
ON BEHALF OF, verb act for, act vicariously, appearing in the long run, in the main, mainly, mostly, nearly, on bal-
for, as agent for, be deputy for, be envoy for, be spokesman ance, on the average, overall, substantially, taking all things
for, be the authorized agent for, be the authorized repre- into consideration, taking everything into account, that
sentative for, by proxy, in behalf of, representing, stand in being so, uncharacterized
for, substitute for ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: the record taken as a whole
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: notice of appearance, representation
ONEROUS, adjective arduous, backbreaking, burden-
ON OR ABOUT, adverb approximately, in the general some, crushing, cumbersome, difficult, exacting, excessive,
time frame, in the immediate vicinity of, in the neighbor- fatiguing, formidable, gravis, grinding, grueling, hard,
hood of, more or less, somewhere about harrowing, harsh, heavy, Herculean, intolerable, laborious,

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oppressive, overbearing, overpowering, overtaxing, press- stolidity, stolidness, stupidity, stupidness, thickheaded-
ing, rigorous, severe, strenuous, taxing, tedious, toilsome, ness, thick-wittedness, thickness, unclarity, unclearness,
trying, unbearable, unwieldy, wearisome, weighty unfathomableness, unintelligibility, unplainness, unsearcha-
bleness, vacuity, vagueness, vapidity, want of transparency
ONE-SIDED, adjective biased, colored, discriminatory,
exparte, impar, inaequalis, influenced, iniquus, interested, OPAQUE, adjective addlebrained, addleheaded, ad-
jaundiced, narrow, narrow-minded, partial, partisan, preju- dlepated, ambiguous, asinine, benighted, bewildering,
diced, prepossessed, sectarian, slanted, swayed, unde- birdbrained, blind, blockish, boeotian, brainless, cloddish,
tached, undispassionate, uneven, unfair, unjust, warped clouded, cloudy, concealed, confused, confusing, cryptic,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: one-sided contract dark, dense, difficult, difficult to comprehend, difficult to
understand, dim, dimwitted, doltish, dull, dull-witted,
ONGOING, adjective abiding, adjourned, continuous, duncelike, duncical, enigmatic, fatuitous, fatuous, feather-
enduring, extension, lasting, lengthening, perpetuating, brained, foggy, hard to comprehend, hard to understand,
persevering, persisting, postponed, prolonged, protracted, hazy, ignorant, ill-defined, imbecilic, impenetrable, imper-
stayed, successively continued ceptive, imperspicuous, impervious, incomprehensible,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: labor law, ongoing negotiations indistinct, inscrutable, lacking clarity, loutish, lumpish,
mindless, misty, moronic, muddleheaded, muddy, nebu-
ONLY (No more than), adjective bare, mere, plain, simple lous, nescient, nontranslucent, oafish, obfuscated, obscure,
obtuse, purblind, puzzling, recondite, senseless, shadowy,
ONLY (Sole), adjective exclusive, first and last, individ- simple, simple-minded, slow in understanding, stolid, stu-
ual, lone, singular, solitary, unique pid, thick, thick-headed, thick-witted, turbid, unclarified,
unclear, uncomprehending, unenlightened, unfathomable,
ONLY (Unrepeated), adjective unmatched, unparalleled unintelligent, unintelligible, unplain, unreasoning, unthink-
ing, untransparent, vacuous, vague, witless
ONLY, adverb alone, apart, at least, at the very least,
exclusively, merely, plainly, purely, simply, singly, solely OPEN (Accessible), adjective allowable, allowed, ap-
proachable, attainable, available, defenseless, fit for travel,
ONLY, conjunction but, but for the fact that, excepting free of access, free to all, insecure, navigable, obtainable,
that, if it were not that patere, permitted, pregnable, procurable, public, reacha-
ble, securable, susceptible, unbarred, unblocked, unde-
ONSET (Assault), noun advance, aggression, assail- fended, unenclosed, unfenced, unfortified, unguarded,
ment, attack, barrage, blitzkrieg, bombardment, charge, unlocked, unobstructed, unoccupied, unrestricted, un-
dragonnade, encounter, foray, forced entrance, fusillade, sealed, unshielded, vacated, vulnerable, within reach
incursion, intrusion, invasion, maraud, offense, offensive, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: open account, open market, open shop
onrush, onslaught, raid, seizure, siege, storm, strike, thrust
OPEN (In sight), adjective aspertus, apparent, bare, be-
ONSET (Commencement), noun aurora, beginning, holdable, blatant, clarus, clear, conspicuous, discernible,
birth, coming, dawn, embarkation, entrance, establishment, discoverable, distinct, evident, exposed, exposed to view,
exordium, fashioning, first appearance, first move, first eye-catching, glaring, in full view, manifest, manifestus,
step, forging, forming, foundation, genesis, inauguration, marked, noticeable, observable, obvious, outstanding, overt,
inception, inchoation, incipience, incunabula, infancy, initia- patent, perceivable, perceptible, perspicuous, plain, promi-
tion, introduction, launching, making, oncoming, opening, nent, pronounced, recognizable, revealed, salient, seeable,
origin, origination, outbreak, outset, rise, source, start, striking, transparent, unclouded, unconcealed, uncovered,
starting point, threshold undisguised, unhidden, unmistakable, unobstructed, unpro-
tected, unsecluded, unsheltered, unshielded, visible
ONUS (Blame), noun accusation, blameworthiness, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: open and notorious possession, open
charge, culpability, error, fault, flaw, guiltiness, misdeed, court
reprehension, responsibility, shortcoming, transgression
OPEN (Persuasible), adjective acquiescent, amenable,
ONUS (Burden), noun affliction, burdensome require- apertus, candidus, flexible, impressible, impressionable,
ment, charge, drawback, encumbrance, handicap, hindrance, inducible, influenceable, malleable, movable, open-minded,
impediment, inescapable duty, interference, load, obstruc- persuadable, pervious, receptive, respondent, responsive,
tion, responsibility, struggle, unusual task, weary load, weight sensitive, simplex, suasible, suggestible, susceptible, sway-
able, sympathetic, tractable
ONUS (Stigma), noun badge, blemish, blot, blotch,
brand, censure, condemnation, degradation, denunciation, OPEN (Unclosed), adjective adapertus, agape, ajar,
discredit, disgrace, dishonor, dispraise, imputation, infamy, coverless, dehiscent, gaping, lidless, patens, patulous,
mark of Cain, reproach, scar, shame, slur, smirch, smudge, patulus, spacious, spread out, unclogged, uncorked, un-
smutch, soil, spot, stain, taint, tarnish covered, unfastened, unfurled, unlatched, unlocked, un-
sealed, unshut, unstoppered, wide, yawning
OPACITY, noun asininity, blockishness, confusion, dark-
ness, denseness, density, dimness, doltishness, dull-wit- OPEN AND OVERBOARD, adjective aboveboard,
tedness, dullness, fatuity, hebetude, impenetrability, im- blunt, candid, clear, clear-cut, crystal clear, decent, direct,
perceptibility, inapprehensibility, incomprehensibility, distinct, evident, explicit, express, forthright, frank, honest,
indiscernibility, indistinctness, indistinguishability, inscruta- ingenuous, manifest, obvious, on the up and up, open, open
bility, lack of understanding, lumpishness, nebulosity, oaf- and genuine, open and sincere, sincere, straight, straightfor-
ishness, obfuscation, obscuration, obscurity, obtuseness, ward, straight-out, unequivocal, unreserved, upfront
opaqueness, simplicity, slow-wittedness, slowness, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: franking privilege

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 OPEN TO QUESTION

OPEN TO QUESTION, verb allowed to ask questions, serviceable, successful, sufficient, usable, useful, valid,
free to address issues, free to inquire, free to question, workable, working, yielding
freely permitted to inquire into issues, not restrained from
asking questions, permitted to ask questions OPEROSE, adjective arduous, backbreaking, bother-
some, burdensome, crushing, demanding, difficult, effortful,
OPEN-ENDED, adjective boundless, ceaseless, chang- emasculating, embittering, enervating, exacting, exhaust-
ing, continued, continuing, expansive, going on, illimitable, ing, fagging, fatiguing, formidable, grinding, grueling, hard,
illimited, indecisive, indefinite, indeterminable, inexact, in- hard to cope with, Herculean, irksome, laborious, onerous,
finite, interminable, limitless, loose, measureless, modifia- painstaking, plodding, pressing, Sisyphean, straining, stren-
ble, not particular, not specific, ongoing, termless, un- uous, tiresome, tiring, toilsome, troublesome, trying, uphill,
bounded, unbridled, unceasing, unconfined, unconstrained, vexatious, weakening, wearing, wearisome, wearying
uncontrolled, undefined, unending, unlimited, unmeas-
ured, unrestricted, vague, variable, wide-open, without OPINE, verb adjudge, appraise, arbitrari, assume, be
limits, without specified limits convinced, be persuaded, be satisfied, believe, cherish a
belief, conclude, conjecture, consider, dare say, deem, de-
OPENING (Initial presentation of a case), noun begin- termine, diagnose, esteem, estimate, express an opinion,
ning of a case, commencement of a case, counsel’s initial fancy, feel, guess, have a hunch, have an idea, have an
statement, counsel’s introductory statement, counsel’s opinion, have faith, have no doubt, hold, hypothesize, im-
overview of a case, inception of litigation, initiation of a agine, infer, judge, look upon, nurture a belief, opinari,
legal case, introduction of a case, introductory, presenta- postulate, preconceive, prejudge, presume, presuppose,
tion, start of a case pronounce judgment, reckon, regard, rest assured, specu-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: litigation, opening statement late, stand, suppose, surmise, suspect, theorize, think, view,
ween
OPENING (Opportunity), noun availability, chance,
means, moment, occasion, once-in-a-lifetime chance, OPINION (Belief), noun assumption, attitude, conclu-
place, possibility, presented with an opportunity sion, conjecture, consideration, conviction, determination,
estimate, estimation, evaluation, fancy, feeling, guess, hy-
OPENING STATEMENT, noun opening argument, pres- pothesis, idea, impression, iudicium, judgment, notion,
entation of basics, presentation of data, presentation of outlook, perspective, persuasion, point of view, position,
essentials, presentation of the documentation, presentation posture, preconception, presumption, presupposition, re-
of the evidence, presentation of the facts action, reflection, sentiment, speculation, stance, stand,
supposition, surmise, suspicion, theory, thesis, thinking,
OPEN-MINDED, adjective accessible, amenable, broad- thought, view, viewpoint
minded, detached, disinterested, dispassionate, equitable, FOREIGN PHRASES: Incivile est, nisi tota lege perspecta, una
evenhanded, fair, fair-minded, impartial, independent, in- aliqua particula ejus proposita, judicare, vel respon-
different, judicial, just, latitudinarian, liberal, neutral, objec- dere. Unless the entire law has been examined, it is im-
tive, open, persuadable, persuasible, reasonable, receptive, proper to pass judgment upon a portion of it. Incivile est,
responsive, tolerant, unbiased, unbigoted, uncolored, un- nisi tota sententia inspecta, de aliqua parte judicare. It
dogmatic, unimpassioned, uninfluenced, unjaundiced, un- is improper to pass an opinion on any part without examin-
prepossessed, unswayed, unwarped ing the entire sentence. Nullius hominis auctoritas apud
nos valere debet, ut meliora non sequeremur si quis
OPERATE, verb accomplish, achieve, act, act upon, ad- attulerit. No man’s influence ought to prevail upon us, that
minister, administrate, assume responsibility, attain, bring we should not follow better opinions, should any one
about, caretake, carry into execution, carry on, carry out, present them. Opinio est duplex, scilicet, opinio vul-
cause, command, conduct, control, deal with, direct, dis- garis, orta inter graves et discretos, et quae vultum
charge, do, drive, effect, effectuate, enforce, engage in, en- veritatis habet et opinio tantum orta inter leves et vul-
gineer, execute, exercise, exercise power over, exert, fulfill, gares homines absque specie veritatis. Opinion is of two
function, govern, handle, have charge of, impel, implement, fold, namely, common opinion, which springs up among
lead, look after, manage, maneuver, manipulate, master- grave and discreet persons and which has the appearance
mind, militate, minister, move, officiate, oversee, perform, of truth, and opinion which arises among foolish and ordi-
perpetrate, pilot, practice, preside over, prevail over, put into nary men. Opinio quae favet testamento est tenenda. An
effect, put into practice, regulate, rule, run, steer, superin- opinion which favors a will is to be followed.
tend, supervise, take care of, take charge of, work
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: operate to the detriment of a party OPINION (Judicial decision), noun adjudication, ascer-
tainment, assessment, authoritative statement, conclusion,
OPERATION, noun act, action, campaign, course of ac- conclusion of the matter, consideration, decision, declara-
tion, crusade, effectio, enterprise, execution, exploit, func- tion, decree, decreement, determination, final judgment,
tion, handling, management, move, movement, perform- finding, formal statement, judgment, judgment on facts,
ance, practice, procedure, proceeding, process, production, order, position, pronouncement, report, resolution, rule,
pursuit, routine, step, stratagem, stroke, task, thrust, trans- ruling, sentence, sententia, settlement by authoritative
action, undertaking, venture decision, solution
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: advisory opinion, concurring opin-
OPERATIVE, adjective acting, active, adequate, advan- ion, dissenting opinion, expert opinion, judicial opinion,
tageous, ample, applicable, at work, beneficial, capable, legal opinion, majority opinion, memorandum opinion,
competent, effective, effectual, efficax, efficient, employed, minority opinion, opinion evidence, opinion of the court,
fruitful, functional, functioning, helpful, in action, in effect, per curiam opinion, professional opinion, written opinion
in force, in harness, in operation, in play, instrumental, on FOREIGN PHRASES: Ubi non est directa lex, standum est
duty, operational, performing, potent, productive, arbitrio judicis, vel procedendum ad similia. Where there

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 OPPROBRIUM

is no direct law, the decision of the judge is to be taken, or OPPOSING COUNSEL, noun competitor’s counsel,
references to be made to similar cases. Judices non tenen- defendant’s or plaintiff’s counsel, disputant’s attorney,
tur exprimere causam sententiae suae. Judges are not opponent’ attorney, opposing litigant’s attorney, oppo-
bound to explain the reason for their sentences. site counsel, the adversary’s counsel, the appellant’s or
appellee’s counsel, the opponent’s lawyer, the other par-
OPPONENT, noun adversarius, adversary, adverse ty’s lawyer, the other side’s counsel, the petitioner’s or re-
party, challenger, combatant, contender, corrival, disputant, spondent’s attorney
one who opposes, opposer, opposing litigant, opposing
party, opposite, opposite side, opposition, other side OPPOSING PARTY, noun adversary, appellant, appellee,
challenger, claimant, complainant, contender, defendant,
OPPORTUNE, adjective advantageous, appropriate, disputant, petitioner, plaintiff, respondent, the other party,
apt, auspicious, befitting, commodus, convenient, due, the other side
expedient, fit, fitting, idoneus, opportunus, propitious, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: adversarial system, litigation
providential, seasonable, suitable, suited, timely, well-
timed OPPOSITE, adjective absonant, adversarius, adverse,
antagonistic, antipodal, antipodean, antithetic, antithetical,
OPPORTUNITY, noun auspiciousness, chance, conven- clashing, conflicting, contradictive, contradictory, contra-
ience, copia, fair chance, favorable chance, favorable time, rius, contrary, contrasted, contrasting, converse, counter,
fit time, fitting occasion, fitting time, fortuity, good chance, diametrically opposed, disagreeing, discordant, facing,
good fortune, hap, liberty, luck, occasio, occasion, opening, hostile, incompatible, inconsistent, inharmonious, inimical,
opportune moment, opportune time, possibility, potestas, inverse, inverted, mismated, mutually opposed, negative,
proper occasion, proper time, propitiousness, prospect, opposed, opposing, oppugnant, perverse, resisting, resis-
readiness, reasonable chance, right time, ripeness, scope, tive, reverse, reversed, wayward
suitable circumstance, suitable occasion, suitable time,
time, turn OPPOSITION, noun antinomy, challenge, conflict, confu-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: earliest practicable opportunity, op- tation, contention, contrariety, contrary action, contravention,
portunity to appear, opportunity to be heard counteraction, counterattack, counterplot, counterworking,
denial, disagreement, disapprobation, disapproval, dissen-
OPPOSE, verb act in opposition to, argue against, balk, sion, enmity, impugnation, impugnment, interference, objec-
battle, be at cross purposes, be contrary to, block, buck, tion, oppugnancy, oppugnation, protest, protestation, recal-
challenge, collide, combat, come in conflict with, confront, citration, refutation, remonstrance, remonstration, resistance,
confute, contend, contest, contradict, contravene, contro- running counter to, struggle, traversal, want of harmony
vert, counter, counteract, counterattack, counterbalance,
countermine, counterpoise, countervail, counterweigh, OPPRESS, verb abuse, afflict, aggrieve, annoy, berate,
counterwork, debate, defy, demur, deny, disaffirm, disa- burden, crush, dishearten, dispirit, distress, encumber,
gree, disapprove, dispute, encounter, fight, go against, go handicap, harass, maltreat, overpower, overthrow, over-
contrary to, join issue, negate, not submit, not yield, object, whelm, persecute, plague, pray, press, pressure, prey on,
obstruct, offer resistance, oppugn, prevent, prohibit, pro- smother, strain, subdue, subjugate, suppress, tax, torment,
test, put in opposition, rebut, recalcitrate, refute, reject, trample, trouble, tyrannize, vex, weigh heavy upon, worry,
remonstrate, repel, repugn, repulse, resist, set against, wrong
stand firm against, strive, strive against, take a stand
against, take exception to, take issue with, tourney OPPRESSION, noun abuse, abusiveness, brutality, brute
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: oppose a motion, opposing counsel, force, coercion, compulsion, cruelty, despotism, dictator-
opposing interest, opposing parties ship, domination, enslavement, force, harassment, harsh-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Error qui non resistitur approbatur. An ness, ill treatment, inhumanity, iniuria, injustice, iron rule,
error which is not resisted or opposed is waived. liberticide, maltreatment, misrule, mistreatment, misuse of
power, persecution, reign of terror, repression, rule of might,
OPPOSED TO, verb act in opposition to, argue against, ruthlessness, severity, subjection, subjugation, suppression,
balk, battle, be at cross purposes, be contrary to, block, chal- torment, totalitarianism, tyranny, vexatio, victimization
lenge, collide, combat, come in conflict with, confront, con-
fute, contend, contest, contradict, contravene, controvert, OPPRESSIVE, adjective afflictive, arduous, burden-
counter, counteract, counterattack, counterbalance, counter- some, confining, cruel, crushing, cumbersome, cumbrous,
mine, counterpoise, countervail, counterweigh, counterwork, depressing, detrimental, devouring, difficult, difficult to
debate, defend, defy, deny, disaffirm, disagree, disapprove, bear, distressing, engulfing, exacting, exhausting, fatiguing,
dispute, fight, go against, go contrary to, go up against, ne- formidable, galling, grievous, grinding, hard, harmful, harsh,
gate, not yield, object, obstruct, offer resistance, oppugn, heavy, hurtful, imperious, inhuman, iniquus, intolerable, irk-
prevent, prohibit, protest, put in opposition, rebut, refute, some, laborious, molestus, onerous, operose, overbearing,
reject, remonstrate, repel, repulse, resist, stand firm against, overpowering, overwhelming, painful, pernicious, ponder-
take a stand against, take exception to, take issue with ous, rigorous, severe, stifling, strenuous, suffocating, taxing,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: picketing tiring, toilsome, troublesome, trying, tyrannical, unbearable,
uncomfortable, unendurable, unreasonable, unyielding, up-
OPPOSING, adjective adverse, against the grain, an- setting, vexatious, wearing, wearisome, weighty
tagonistic, anti, antithetical, autonomous, averse, conflict-
ing, confrontational, contending, contradictory, contrary, OPPROBRIUM, noun abasement, attaint, bad light,
contrasting, controverting, counterbalancing, defensive, bad name, blot, brand, contempt, culpability, debasement,
differing, disputing, dissentient, enemy, incendiary, object- dedecus, defamation, degradation, derogation, disapproba-
ing, on the other side, opposite, polar contrast, rival tion, discredit, disesteem, disgrace, dishonor, disrepute,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: opposing counsel disrespect, humiliation, ignobility, ignominiousness,

465
 OPPUGN

ignominy, ill fame, ill repute, imputation, indignity, infa- verbal annunciation, verbal declaration, verbal disclosure,
mousness, infamy, ingloriousness, loss of honor, loss of repu- writing
tation, loss of standing, notoriety, obloquy, odium, re- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: defamation, public official, right to
proach, scandal, shady reputation, shame, slur, smirch, privacy, slander
stain, stigma, taint, tarnish, vilification
ORAL EVIDENCE, noun corroboration, document, doc-
OPPUGN, verb aggress, assault, attack, be contrary, umentary evidence, documentation, species of proof, sub-
buck, call in question, challenge, clash, combat, conflict, stantiation, validation, verbal confirmation, verbal explana-
confront, contend, contradict, contravene, controvert, coun- tion of facts admitted at trial, verbal proof, verbal proof of
ter, countervail, counterwork, criticize adversely, cross, deal facts, verbal proof presented at trial, verbal testimony,
a blow, defy, denounce, descend upon, disagree, dispute, verbal testimony which is part of the record, verification
dissent, fall upon, fight, foil, gainsay, go against, hinder, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: independent experts, transcripts,
hold out against, interfere with, militate against, object, wiretaps
obstruct, oppose, outface, pounce upon, protest, reason
against, recalcitrate, refute, reluct, reluctate, remonstrate, ORCHESTRATE, verb adapt, adjust, allot the parts, ar-
resist, run against, run counter to, set upon, side against, range, assemble, assign the parts, bring into order, bring
stand against, stand up to, strike at, strive against, take together, compose, concert, conduct, construct, coordi-
exception, take the offensive, thrust at, thwart, traverse, nate, harmonize, lay out, methodize, order, organize, pre-
wrangle concert, predetermine, put in order, put into a systematic
form, reduce to order, regiment, regulate, set in order, set
OPT FOR, verb ascertain, choose, decide on, deter- to music, standardize, symphonize, systematize
mine, elect, favor, lean toward, make a choice, pick, prefer,
select, take ORDEAL, noun affliction, agony, anguish, annoyance,
burden, calamity, cross, difficulty, dilemma, distress, hur-
OPTION (Choice), noun alternate choice, alternative, dle to surmount, nightmare, obstacle to overcome, pain,
choice, discretion, election, free decision, free selection, plague, scourge, suffering, test, torment, torture, trial,
free will, freedom, freedom of choice, leave, liberty, op- tribulation, trouble, wall
portunity, pick, power to choose, preference, right of
choice, selection ORDER (Arrangement), noun adjustment, allocation,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: election between options, exercise of allotment, apportionment, array, catalog, categorization,
option, options after default chronology, classification, composition, design, disposal,
distribution, form, formation, gradation, grouping, layout,
OPTION (Contractual provision), noun acquired right, lineup, methodology, ordo, organization, pattern, place-
agreement, allowance, approval, authorization, consent, ment, plan, procession, progression, rotation, sequence,
continuing offer, continuing offer to buy, favor, grant, guar- setup, stratification, structure, system, systematization
anty, license, power, prerogative, privilege, proviso, right, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: order of creditors, order of priorities,
right to buy or sell, sanction, stipulation, term, understanding order of proof
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: conditional option, continuing option,
exercise of an option, first option, irrevocable option, op- ORDER (Judicial directive), noun authoritative com-
tion to buy, option to lease, option to purchase, option to mand, behest, command, commandment, court command-
renew, option to sell ment, court instruction, declaration, decree, dictate, direc-
tion, directive, edict, edictum, fiat, imperative, instruction,
OPTIONALLY, adverb alternatively, at the option of, iussum, judicial command, judicial instruction, mandate,
discretionally, electively, preferably, selectively mandatum, precept, prescript, prescription, proclamation,
pronouncement, rescript, rule, ruling, ukase
OPULENT, adjective abounding in riches, affluent, com- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: appealable order, charging order,
fortable, flourishing, flush, moneyed, opulentus, pecunious, confinement order, decision, decretal order, entry of order,
propertied, prosperous, rich, richly endowed, rolling in final order, interlocutory order, motion, nonappealable
riches, substantial, well-fixed, well-off, well provided for, order, nunc pro tunc order, order granting a new trial, order
well-situated, well-to-do, with means, worth a great deal of dismissal, order of the court, order staying execution,
order to show cause, preliminary order, restraining order,
ORACULAR, adjective cryptic, divinatory, enigmatic, self-executing order, settle order, suspension order
fatidic, fatidical, foreknowing, foretelling, knowing, myste-
rious, mystical, obscure, ominous, portentous, precursive, ORDER, verb adjure, call forth, call upon, cite, com-
precursory, predicting, predictive, presaging, prognostic, mand, compel, decree, demand, dictate, direct, edicere,
prophetic, sage, sapient, sibylline, vatic, vaticinal, wise imperare, impose, impose a duty, impose a task, insist on,
instruct, issue a decree, issue one’s fiat, iubere, make a
ORAL, adjective announced, articulated, audible, by requisition, make demands on, oblige, ordain, prescribe,
word of mouth, communicated, enunciated, expressed, proscribe, require, rule, serve, tell, warrant
expressed in words, phonic, said, said aloud, sounded, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS : administrative order, amended
spoken, spoken aloud, told, unwritten, uttered, verbal, order, appealable order, charging order, confinement
vocal, vocalized, voiced order, contempt order, entry of judgment and order of
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: nuncupative will, oral contract, oral the court, ex parte order, final order, interlocutory order,
testimony, statute of frauds nunc pro tunc order, order granting a new trial, order of
discontinuance, order of probate, order of proof, order of
ORAL COMMUNICATION, noun dissemination, di- the court, order to show cause, restraining order, review-
vulgement, information, message, news, notification, proc- able order, special order, stay order, suspension order,
lamation, report, revelation, utterance, verbal announcement, vacation of an order

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FOREIGN PHRASES: Quando aliquid mandatur, mandatur et native, natural, original, primary, primitive, rooted, rudi-
omne per quod pervenitur ad illud. When something is mentary, structural, substantial, substantive, underlying
commanded, everything by which it can be accomplished
is also ordered. ORGANIZATION (Association), noun affiliation, aggrega-
tion, alliance, bloc, club, coalition, combination, community,
ORDER OF THE COURT, noun authoritative pronounce- company, corps, coterie, establishment, faction, federation,
ment, authoritative ruling, binding order, command, court foundation, group, institute, institution, joint concern, league,
command, declaration by the court, edict, fiat, imperative, reipublicae forma, school, sodality, syndicate, troupe
judicial command, judicial decree, judicial dictate, judicial ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: charitable organization, de facto or-
direction, judicial directive, judicial mandate, pronouncement ganization, domestic organization, labor organization, non-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: entered order profit organization, political organization

ORDINANCE, noun authoritative rule, canon, charter, ORGANIZATION (Structure), noun arrangement, build,
code, command, decree, decretum, direction, edict, edic- classification, composition, configuration, conformation,
tum, enactment, fiat, imperative, law, legal command, constitution, construction, descriptio, design, figuration,
legislation, legislative decree, legislative edict, local law, figure, form, formation, framework, grouping, interrelation
local legislation, local rule, mandate, maxim, municipal of parts, makeup, manner of construction, order, place-
code, municipal regulation, ordainment, order, ordination, ment, plan, regularity, scheme, shape, style of arrange-
prescript, proclamation, regulation, requirement, rule, ment, systematization, temperatio
statute
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: city ordinance, criminal ordinance, ORGANIZE (Arrange), verb adjust, align, assort, cata-
local ordinance, municipal ordinance, regulatory ordinance, log, categorize, class, classify, combine, componere, cor-
traffic ordinance, violation of an ordinance, zoning relate, establish guide lines, establish parameters, file, form
ordinance into classes, get in formation, grade, group, introduce a
system, introduce order, lay down guide lines, list, marshal,
ORDINARY, adjective accepted, accustomary, accus- methodize, order, ordinare, place, place in order, put in
tomed, average, banal, boring, bourgeois, bromidic, char- array, put in order, put into shape, rank, rate, reduce to
acteristic, colloquial, commonplace, communis, consuetu- order, regiment, regulate, separate into categories, set
dinary, conventional, customary, daily, drab, established, guidelines, set in array, set in order, sort, standardize,
expected, familiar, fixed, frequent, general, generally prac- straighten, systematize
ticed, habitual, hackneyed, homely, homespun, household, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: organize a corporation, organized
humdrum, insipid, known, mediocre, middling, normal, labor
oft-repeated, pedestrian, philistine, platitudinous, plebeian,
plentiful, popular, prevailing, prevalent, prosaic, prosaical, ORGANIZE (Unionize), verb affiliate, amalgamate, associ-
quotidianus, recognized, regular, regulation, repeated, ate, band together, cement a union, centralize, collaborate,
representative, rife, simple, stale, standard, stereotyped, combine, confederate, consolidate, create, enlist employees in
stock, taken for granted, traditional, translaticius, trite, a labor union, enlist in a labor union, enter into a league, es-
typical, unassuming, undistinguished, unexceptional, unex- tablish, federate, form, form a labor union, form into a body,
citing, unimaginative, unoriginal, unvaried, usual, vernacular, formulate, incorporate, institute, join, join together, merge,
wearisome, well-trodden, well-worn, widespread, wonted, mold, set up, unify, unite, unite for a common purpose
workaday ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: organized labor
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: necessary expenses, ordinary care and
skill, ordinary course of business, ordinary course of trade, ORGANIZED LABOR UNION, noun brotherhood,
ordinary duty, ordinary expenses, ordinary income, ordinary craft union, guild, industrial union, industry, labor associa-
loss, ordinary meaning, ordinary negligence, ordinary pru- tion, labor organization, labor union, trade, trade union,
dent person, ordinary reasonable man, ordinary risk, ordi- trades union
nary standard of care, ordinary use, ordinary wear and tear ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: employment law
FOREIGN PHRASES: Recurrendum est ad extraordinarium
quando non valet ordinarium. Resort must be made to ORGULOUS, adjective affected, aloof, arrogant, assum-
the extraordinary when the ordinary does not succeed. ing, blustering, boastful, boasting, bragging, conceited,
condescending, contemptuous, disdainful, egocentric, ego-
ORDINARY WEAR AND TEAR, noun diminution, disre- istic, egoistical, egotistic, egotistical, fanfaronading, flaunt-
pair, normal damage, normal decline in value, normal de- ing, gasconading, grand, grandiose, haughty, immodest,
terioration, normal detriment, normal harm, normal impair- imperious, inflated, insolent, intolerant, lofty, lordly, narcis-
ment, normal loss sistic, overbearing, overproud, overweening, patronizing,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: depreciation, residual value insurance pompous, presumptuous, prideful, scornful, self-applaud-
ing, self-centred, self-flattering, self-glorifying, self-impor-
ORGAN, noun affiliate, agency, annex, appendage, tant, self-lauding, self-magnifying, self-praising, self-satisfied,
arm, associate, branch, branch office, bureau, chapter, com- supercilious, thrasonical, vain, vainglorious, vaunting
ponent, department, division, extension, instrument, in-
strumentality, local, lodge, means, member, newspaper, ORIGIN (Ancestry), noun ancestral descent, birth,
office, offshoot, part, periodical, post, ramification, section, bloodline, derivation, descent, dynasty, extraction, family,
subdivision, subsidiary, unit, wing filiation, genealogical tree, genealogy, heritage, kith and
kin, line, line of ancestors, line of descent, lineage, origo,
ORGANIC, adjective anatomical, basal, basic, constitu- parentage, parenthood, pedigree, race, stock, tribe
tional, deep-rooted, derived from within, elemental, FOREIGN PHRASES: Origine propria neminem posse vol-
fundamental, implanted, inborn, inbred, indigenous, in- untate sua eximi manifestum est. It is evident that no
grained, inherent, innate, instinctive, intrinsic, intrinsical, one by his own will can renounce his own origin.

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ORIGIN (Source), noun beginning, birth, birthplace, ORIGINATOR, noun author, beginner, commencer,
cause, commencement, cradle, creation, dawn, derivation, composer, conceiver, concocter, contriver, creator, deviser,
fons, font, foundation, fountainhead, genesis, inception, engineer, establisher, father, formulator, founder, framer,
initiation, nascency, nativity, onset, origo, principium, root, generator, improviser, inaugurator, inducer, initiator, in-
starting point, wellspring spirer, introducer, inventor, leader, maker, manufacturer,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Ex facto jus oritur. Law arises out of facts. motivator, pioneer, precipitator, preparer, producer, propa-
Causa et origo est materia negotii. The cause and origin gator, provoker, starter, stimulator, the first one to bring into
are the substance of the transaction. existence, the one who broke ground, undertaker
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: origination on loan
ORIGINAL (Creative), adjective artful, clever, daring,
demiurgic, demiurgical, different, eccentric, envisioning, OROTUND, adjective affected, artificial, blustering,
exceptional, fanciful, fecund, fertile, fictive, fresh, gifted, bombastic, clear, declamatory, elocutionary, flatulent,
imaginal, imaginative, individual, ingenious, inimitable, forceful, full, fustian, grandiloquent, grandiose, high-flown,
inspired, inventive, nonconformist, novel, odd, originative, histrionic, inflated, magniloquent, mellow, oratorical,
out of the ordinary, poetic, productive, rare, resourceful, pompous, presumptuous, pretentious, resonant, rhetorical,
singular, unborrowed, uncommon, unconformable, uncon- showy, sonorous, stilted, strong, stuffy, swelling, swollen,
ventional, uncopied, uncustomary, underived, unexam- theatrical, tumid, turgescent, turgid, vainglorious, windy
pled, unexpected, unfashionable, unheard of, unimitated,
unique, unmatched, unordinary, unorthodox, unparalleled, ORPHAN, noun abandoned child, abandoned infant,
unusual, unwonted, visioned, visualizing, whimsical bereaved child, castaway, child without parents, foundling,
homeless child, orbus, orphaned child, orphaned infant,
ORIGINAL (Initial), adjective antecedent, authentic, parentless child, twice-bereaved child, waif, ward
basal, basic, basilar, beginning, commencing, earliest, ele-
mental, elementary, embryonic, first, formative, founda- ORTHODOX, adjective accepting, according to custom,
tional, fundamental, germinal, inaugural, inauguratory, in- according to regulation, according to rule, according to the
choate, inchoative, incipient, incunabular, infant, initial, book, accustomed, acknowledged, approved, believing,
initiative, initiatory, introductory, maiden, nascent, natal, bound by convention, canonical, common, commonplace,
native, nonimitative, opening, precursory, preliminary, pre- compliant, conformable, conforming, conservative, conven-
lusive, prelusory, primal, primary, prime, primeval, primi- tional, correct, customary, devoted to convention, doctrinal,
genial, primitive, primordial, pristine, proemial, pure, rudi- established, formal, habitual, inflexible, literal, ordinary,
mental, rudimentary, seminal, starting, underlying orthodoxus, prescriptive, prevailing, proper, recognized,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: best evidence rule, original action, rigid, scrupulous, strict, traditional, typical, unbending, un-
original decree, original evidence, original holder, original changeable, uncompromising, unheterodox, usual, wonted
issue, original jurisdiction, original stock, original undertak-
ing, original writing OSCILLATE, verb agitari, agitate, alternate, be doubtful,
be indecisive, be irresolute, be uncertain, be undecided, be
ORIGINALITY, noun boldness, brilliance, cleverness, undetermined, be unresolved, be unsteady, be unsure,
creativity, daring, entry, freshness, imagination, ingenious- beat, bounce, debate, deliberate, falter, flap, fluctuate,
ness, ingenuity, innovation, interpretation, invention, mo- flutter, fret, hesitate, librate, lurch, move in waves, move to
dernity, novelty, resourcefulness, spirit, unorthodoxy and fro, pendulate, rock, rotate, seesaw, shift, sway,
swerve, swing, turn, undulate, vacillate, vary, waver
ORIGINATE, verb activate, arouse, author, awaken,
beget, begin, break ground, breed, bring about, bring into OSMOSIS, noun absorption, assimilation, diffusion,
existence, bring on, bring to pass, cause, coin, commence, digestion, engulfment, infiltration, ingress, interpenetra-
compose, conceive, concoct, contrive, create, devise, draft, tion, introgression, passage, penetration, permeation, satu-
effect, elicit, engender, engineer, establish, evoke, fabricate, ration, seepage, transmission
father, forge, form, formulate, found, frame, generate, get
going, get up, give birth to, give impulse to, give origin to, OSSIFIED, adjective bony, calcified, calloused, con-
give rise to, handsel, improvise, inaugurate, induce, initi- gealed, crystallized, dense, firm, fossilized, hard, hardened,
ate, inspire, institute, introduce, invent, kindle, launch, lay incrassate, incrassated, indurated, lapidified, petrified,
the foundation for, lead, make, make up, manufacture, mo- solid, solidified, stiff, stiffened, stony, thick, thickened,
tivate, mount, open, pioneer, plan, precipitate, prepare, tough, toughened, turned to bone
produce, promote, prompt, propagate, provoke, raise, set
afloat, set going, set in motion, set up, sire, start, stimulate, OSTENSIBLE, adjective able to be seen, apparent, ap-
take the first step, take the initiative, take the lead, think up, pearing, assumable, assumed, avowed, believable, claimed,
trigger, undertake, usher in clear, colorable, conjecturable, credible, deceiving, decep-
tive, declared, deluding, delusional, delusive, delusory,
ORIGINATION, noun ancestry, beginning, birth, causa- discernible, evident, explicit, express, fictus, illusional, il-
tion, cause, coinage, commencement, composition, cra- lusionary, illusive, illusory, indubitable, likely, manifest,
dle, creation, dawn, derivation, discovery, emergence, et- misleading, noticeable, observable, obvious, outward,
ymology, exordium, fabrication, fomentation, font, overt, patent, perceivable, perceptible, perspicuous, plain,
foundation, fountain, fountainhead, genesis, inauguration, plausible, presumable, pretended, professed, purported,
inception, inchoation, incipience, incipiency, incunabula, reasonable, seeable, seeming, self-evident, shown, simula-
infancy, initiation, instigation, introduction, invention, mo- tus, so-called, specious, supposable, supposed, surface,
tivation, motive, nascency, nativity, onset, opening, out- surmisable, visible
set, parentage, production, provenance, provenience, rise,
root, source, spring, start, starting point, stimulation, OSTENTATIOUS, adjective conspicuous, elaborate,
stimulus, wellspring exhibitionistic, extravagant, flagrant, flashy, garish, gaudy,

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grandiose, loud, obtrusive, offensive, peacocky, pompous, OUT OF POCKET, adverb compensation, costs, dam-
pretentious, showy, spectacular, theatrical, vain ages, expenses, just compensation, payment, recovery,
remuneration, reparation for loss, repayment, restitution,
OSTRACISM, noun avoidance, ban, banishment, black- restoration, retrieval, satisfaction
ball, blacklist, blame, blockade, censure, condemnation, cov- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: pocket expenses
entry, criticism, decrial, deportation, disbarment, dislodg-
ment, dismissal, displacement, dissociability, distance, OUT-OF-POCKET EXPENSES, noun administrative re-
ejection, elimination, eviction, exclusion, excommunication, imbursable expenses, defrayal, defrayment, disbursement,
exile, exilement, expatriation, expulsion, extrusion, hostil- entertainment expenses, expenses, individual expenses,
ity, inhospitality, intolerance, isolation, lockout, nonadmis- itemized expenses, payments, recompense, recoupment,
sion, noninclusion, obloquy, omission, preclusion, preju- reimbursables, remittance, remuneration, repayment,
dice, prohibition, proscription, quarantine, refusal, rejection, travel expenses
reprobation, reproof, segregation, separation, shame, snub, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: out-of-pocket rule
stricture, suspension, unfriendliness, unsociableness
OUT OF THE ORDINARY, adjective aberrant, aberrated,
OTHERWISE, adverb apart from this, besides, by way of abnormal, anomalous, atypical, especial, exceeding, extraor-
opposition, contrarily, contrariwise, conversely, counter, dinaire, extraordinary, irregular, odd, peculiar, rare, singular,
excepting that, excluding that, in a different circumstance, uncommon, uncustomary, unique, unusual, unwonted
in a different manner, in a different way, in opposition, in
other respects, in other ways, on the other hand, oppo- OUT OF THE QUESTION, adjective doubtable, hope-
sitely, quite to the contrary, rather, regardless, the other less, implausible, impossible, impractical, inconceivable,
way around, to just the opposite, to just the reverse, to the infeasible, insoluble, insolvable, insuperable, insurmount-
contrary, with this as an exception able, ridiculous, unattainable, unbelievable, undoable, un-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: otherwise law abiding imaginable, unrealizable, unsolvable

OTIOSE, adjective abortive, apathetic, arid, barren, OUTBALANCE, verb be greater in value, be greater in
bootless, dallying, dilatory, disengaged, dispensable, dis- weight, be superior, better, compensate, counteract, coun-
used, dormant, dried up, effete, exhausted, expendable, terbalance, counterpoise, countervail, counterweigh, cover,
faineant, fallow, feckless, fruitless, futile, idle, impotent, dominate, eclipse, equalize, equiponderate, exceed, gain
impracticable, impractical, inactive, indolent, ineffective, the ascendancy, get ahead of, have the advantage, have
ineffectual, inefficacious, inefficient, inert, infertile, inop- the edge on, hedge, indemnify, make compensation, make
erative, invalid, issueless, jejune, jobless, lackadaisical, leeway, make up for, neutralize, offset, outdo, outpoint,
laggard, lagging, lame, languorous, lazy, leaden, lethar- outrival, outstrip, outvie, outweigh, overbalance, over-
gic, lethargical, lifeless, listless, lymphatic, motionless, come, overmatch, overtop, overweigh, pass, predominate,
neglectful, nonfunctional, nonfunctioning, nonparticipat- preponderate, prevail, recoup, redeem, rise above, rival,
ing, nugatory, null and void, oscitant, passive, phleg- set off, surpass, top, transcend, trump
matic, powerless, resultless, slack, slothful, slow, sluggish,
spiritless, stagnating, sterile, supine, torpescent, torpid, OUTBREAK, noun affray, aggression, agitation, as-
unable, unadaptable, unavailing, uncalled-for, unem- sault, attack, bloodshed, blow up, brawl, breach, breach of
ployed, unfertile, unfruitful, unnecessary, unneeded, un- the peace, burst, cataclysm, commotion, conflict, convul-
occupied, unpersevering, unproductive, unprofitable, un- sion, declaration of war, disruption, disturbance, ebullition,
prolific, unserviceable, unsubstantial, unsuccessful, eruption, explosion, ferocity, fit, flare-up, foment, fomenta-
unusable, unwanted, unworkable, useless, vain, valueless, tion, fracas, fray, fury, insurgence, insurrection, invasion, ir-
wasted, weary, worthless ruption, mayhem, mutinousness, mutiny, onslaught, out-
burst, overthrow of authority, paroxysm, proruption,
OUST, verb banish, cast out, chase out, depose, deprive quarrel, rage, raid, rebellion, revolt, revolution, riot, rising,
of office, dislodge, dismiss, displace, dispossess, divest of rush, siege, spasm, strife, throe, thunder, torrent, unruliness,
office, drive out, eject, expel, force out, purge, put out, uprising, uproar, violent behavior, warfare
remove, remove from office, repudiate, throw out, thrust
out, turn out, unseat OUTBURST, noun affray, agitation, attack, blast, blaze,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: impeachment, removal from public office blowout, blowup, bluster, breach of the peace, burst,
clamor, commotion, convulsion, detonation, discharge, dis-
OUSTER, noun deprivation, dislodgment, disposses- gorgement, disquiet, disquietude, disruption, disturbance,
sion, ejection, elimination, eviction, exclusion, permanent ebullition, ejaculation, emission, eruption, explosion, expul-
exclusion, removal, repudiation sion, fit, flare up, flurry, foment, fomentation, fray, frenzy,
furor, fury, fuss, gush, hysteria, hysterical state, hysterics,
OUT-OF-BOUNDS, adjective banned, barred, disal- impetuosity, insurgence, insurrection, irascibility, irascible-
lowed, forbidden, illegal, impermissible, improper, non- ness, irruption, jet, mayhem, outbreak, outpour, paroxysm,
permissible, not acceptable, not allowed, not appropriate, proruption, rage, rampage, rebellion, restlessness, revolt,
not proper, off limits, prohibited, ruled out, unauthorized, revolution, rising, rush, sally, spasm, spurt, stir, strife, sud-
unlawful, unlicensed, unsanctioned den excursion, tempest, throe, thunder, torrent, unruliness,
upheaval, uproar, vehemence, violence, volcano
OUT-OF-ORDER, adjective discordant, egregious, im-
proper, indecent, indecorous, inharmonious, objectionable, OUTCOME, noun achievement, aftereffect, aftermath,
out of place, outrageous, prohibited, shocking, unallowable, answer, attainment, close, completion, consequence, con-
unauthorized, unbecoming, unbefitting, uncharacteristic, summation, creation, culmination, decision, denouement,
undesirable, unreasonable, unrefined, unruly, unseemly, development, effect, end, end product, ending, eventual-
unsound, wrong ity, eventuation, finding, finish, fruit, fruition, fulfillment,

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issue, judgment, offspring, outgrowth, product, produc- OUTLAW, verb aqua et igni interdicere, banish, bar, de-
tion, realization, resolution, result, resultant, sequence, clare illegal, declare unlawful, exclude, expel, forbid by law,
sequent, settlement, solution, upshot, yield make unlawful, place outside the protection of the law,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: outcome-determinative test proscribe, proscribere, put beyond the protection of the
law, reject, repel
OUTCRY, noun accusation, blame, brawl, broken silence,
bruit, burst of sound, castigation, censure, charge, chiding, OUTLAY, noun amount expended, budgeted items,
chorus, clamor, clamorousness, complaint, condemnation, charge, cost, disbursement, expenditure, expense, im-
convicium, criticism, cry, denunciation, diatribe, din, disap- pensa, outgo, payment, spending, sumptus
probation, disapproval, discontent, dislike, dissatisfaction,
dissent, disturbance, execration, explosion, fracas, furor, OUTLET, noun access, aperture, avenue, channel,
grievance, howl, hullabaloo, invective, lament, loud noise, chute, conduit, demand, door, egress, egressus, emissar-
loud protest, noise, objection, opposition, pandemonium, ium, exhaust, exit, exitus, floodgate, gate, gateway, hatch,
philippic, plaint, protest, protestation, racket, raised voice, hole, market, means of escape, opening, passage out, path,
rebuke, reprimand, reproach, reprobation, revilement, portal, spout, vent, way out
scolding, scream, shout, stricture, tumult, turmoil, upbraid-
ing, uproar, vilification, vituperation, voces, vociferatio, vo- OUTLINE (Boundary), noun ambit, border, bounds,
ciferation, wail, weeping, yell bourn, brink, circuit, circumference, circumscription, com-
pass, confine, contour, demarcation, edge, edging, external
OUTDATED, adjective anachronistic, anachronous, form, extrema lineamenta, extremity, frame, fringes, frontier,
ancient, antediluvian, antiquated, antique, archaic, behind limitations, limits, line of demarcation, lineaments, margin,
the age, behind the times, bygone, dated, defunct, de- metes, pale, perimeter, periphery, profile, rim, skirt,
mode, discarded, disused, expired, extinct, fallen into threshold, tracing, verge
desuetude, fallen into disuse, forgotten, former, gone by,
gone out, grown old, no longer customary, no longer fash- OUTLINE (Synopsis), noun abbreviation, abridgment,
ionable, no longer in style, no longer prevailing, no longer abstract, adumbratio, agenda, brief, compend, compendium,
prevalent, no longer stylish, not current, not in vogue, not compression, condensation, conspectus, contents, contrac-
modern, obsolescent, obsolete, of a previous fashion, of a tion, core, digest, epitome, essence, minute, note, pandect,
previous style, of great age, of old, of the old order, of the recapitulation, report, skeleton, sketch, summation, syllabus
old school, old, old-fashioned, old-time, old-world, olden,
out-of-date, out-of-fashion, out-of-use, outmoded, out- OUTLOOK, noun angle, aspect, attitude, emotional
worn, passe, past, primitive, quaint, rejected, stale, style- tone, field of view, frame of mind, frame of reference, ob-
less, superannuated, superseded, unaccepted, uncontem- servation, perspective, point of observation, point of view,
porary, uncurrent, unfashionable, unpracticed, unstylish position, posture, regard, slant, stand, standpoint, view-
point, way of thinking
OUTED, verb betrayed, confidentiality announced, con-
fidentiality revealed, cover blown off, identity declared, OUTMODED, adjective anachronistic, anachronous,
identity disclosed, identity divulged, identity exposed, ancient, antediluvian, antiquated, antique, archaic, behind
identity revealed, inform on the identity, leak the identity, the age, behind the times, bygone, dated, demoded, des-
make known, make public, promulgation, publication, re- uete, disapproved, discarded, disused, expired, extinct,
lease confidential information, reveal confidential informa- fallen into desuetude, fallen into disuse, forgotten, former,
tion, secret identity brought out into the open, secret gone out, grown old, neglected, no longer conventional,
identity brought to light, tell everything, tell the identity, no longer customary, no longer prevailing, not in vogue,
unburden the identity of, uncover, unmask, unveil obsolescent, obsolete, of a previous fashion, of a previous
style, of the old school, old, old-fashioned, old-world,
OUTFLOW, noun abatement, current, defluxion, dis- outdated, out-of-date, out-of-fashion, out-of-use, out-
charge, disemboguement, drain, drainage, ebb, effluence, worn, passe, past, primitive, quaint, rejected, retired,
efflux, effusion, egression, emanation, emergence, emer- stale, styleless, superannuated, superseded, unaccepted,
sion, emigration, eruption, escape, evacuation, exodus, uncurrent, unfashionable, unpracticed, unstylish
expenditure, expense, export, exportation, expulsion, ex-
travasation, extrusion, exudation, flood, flux, gush, issue, OUTPOUR, verb be effusive, be prolix, cascade, cast
jet, leakage, movement, ooze, outburst, outgush, outpour, forth, decant, detrude, discharge, discourse at length, disem-
outstream, outward flow, outward sweep, overflow, reces- bogue, disgorge, drain, effuse, eject, emit, empty, enlarge
sion, refluence, reflux, runoff, seep, shipments, spill, spout, upon, eruct, eructate, evacuate, exhaust, expel, extravasate,
spurt, stream, tide, transudation, wane, withdrawal harangue, inundate, let fall, pour forth, pour out, rant, send
forth, send out, shed, spill, spout, spurt, stream, vent
OUTGROWTH, noun aftereffect, aftermath, develop-
ment, effect, end result, eventuality, eventuation, excres- OUTPUT, noun accomplishment, achievement, amount
cence, fruit, issue, offshoot, offspring, repercussion, result, produced, avail, benefit, creation, crop, discharge, earn-
resultance, resultant, sequel, sprout, yield ings, effectuation, emanation, end, end product, fruit, gain,
harvest, issuance, issue, manufactured product, merchan-
OUTLAW, noun bandit, brigand, convict, criminal, de- dise, outcome, proceeds, produce, product, production,
linquent, evildoer, felon, fugitive, fugitive from the law, profit, quantity produced, result, return, yield
habitual criminal, habitual offender, hardened criminal, law- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: output contract
breaker, lawless individual, malefactor, miscreant, notorious
criminal, offender, offender against society, proscriptus, OUTRAGE, noun abomination, absurdity, abuse, af-
public enemy, racketeer, recidivist, robber, swindler, thief, front, atrocity, contempt, contumacious, cruelty, dis-
transgressor, underworld character, violator of the law gracefulness, dishonorableness, disrespect, harmfulness,

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hatefulness, horribleness, ignobleness, iniquitousness, inju- exalted, excellent, excelling, exceptional, eximious, extraor-
riousness, intolerableness, malevolence, maliciousness, dinary, famed, famous, far-famed, foremost, great, honorable,
nefariousness, odiousness, offensiveness, perfidiousness, honored, illustrious, important, imposing, impressive, incom-
unreasonableness, wickedness parable, influential, known, luminous, lustrous, majestic,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: moral outrage marked, memorable, nonpareil, notable, noted, noteworthy,
paramount, peerless, preeminent, prestigious, princely, prin-
OUTRAGEOUS, adjective abominable, absurd, abusive, cipal, ranking, recognized, remarkable, renowned, reputable,
acrimonious, affronting, arrant, atrocious, barefaced, base, respected, revered, royal, salient, significant, special, starring,
black, brazen, conspicuous, contemptible, contumeliosus, con- sublime, substantial, supereminent, superior, superlative, su-
tumelious, corrupt, cruel, deplorable, despicable, despiteful, preme, transcendent, unforgettable, unparalleled, venerable
dire, disgraceful, dishonorable, disobliging, disrespectful, dras-
tic, egregious, enormous, exaggerated, excessive, execrable, OUTSTANDING (Unpaid), adjective delinquent, due, in
exorbitant, extreme, fanatic, fanatical, ferocious, flagitious, fla- arrears, overdue, owing, past due, payable, surviving,
grant, foul, fulsome, galling, glaring, gross, grossly offensive, uncollected, ungathered, unliquidated, unrecompensed,
harmful, hateful, heinous, horrifying, hot-headed, hyperbolical, unrequited, unsatisfied, unsettled
ignoble, immanis, immense, immoderate, immoderatus, infa-
mous, infuriating, iniquitous, injurious, inordinate, insolent, in- OUTSTANDING (Unresolved), adjective in suspense,
sulting, intolerable, low, mad, madcap, malevolent, malicious, incomplete, indefinite, irresolved, open, pending, unad-
malign, malignant, maniacal, monstrous, nefarious, notorious, justed, unascertained, unconcluded, undecided, undeter-
odious, offensive, opprobrious, overdone, perfidious, prepos- mined, unfinished, unsettled
terous, questionable, rabid, radical, raging, reprehensible,
scandalous, shameless, shocking, sinful, spiteful, tempestuous, OUTWEIGH, verb be of greater significance, beat, better,
unconscionable, undue, unpleasant, unreasonable, unwar- come first, dominate, eclipse, exceed, exceed in importance,
ranted, villainous, wanton, wicked, wild, wrongful exceed in value, excel, get ahead of, go beyond, outbalance,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: outrageous conduct outdo, outrank, outrival, overbalance, overpoise, overpower,
overshadow, overtop, overweigh, potiorem, predominate,
OUTRIGHT, adjective absolute, all-out, altogether, com- preponderate, prevail, rise above, superare, surpass, take
plete, comprehensive, consummate, downright, entire, ex- precedence over, top, transcend, vincere, weigh more than
haustive, flagrant, full, full-fledged, obvious, out-and-out,
sheer, straightforward, straight out, sweeping, thorough, OVER AGAIN, adjective do over, duplicate, give an
through and through, total, unconditional, undiminished, encore, perform multiple times, re-create, recur, redo, re-
undivided, unequivocal, unmitigated, unqualified, utter duplicate, reenact, remake, renew, repeat, replicate, re-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: outright grant
produce, resume, retrace
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: concurrent sentences, consecutive
sentences
OUTRUN, verb beat, catch up, catch up with, come up
to, edge out, gain on, leave behind, leave standing, outdo, OVERABUNDANCE, noun abundance, bellyful, bounty,
outmaneuver, outpace, outperform, outrange, outreach, excess, overage, overflow, overkill, overstock, oversupply,
outrival, outstrip, overtake, pass, prevail over, win plenitude, plenty, plethora, plus, profusion, stock, suffi-
ciency, superfluity, supply, surfeit, surplus, too much
OUTSET, noun beginning, birth, commencement,
dawn, embarkation, entrance, exordium, first move, first OVERABUNDANT, adjective abundant, ample, ba-
step, foundation, genesis, inauguration, inception, incho- roque, devilish, excessive, exorbitant, extravagant, ex-
ation, incipience, incipiency, induction, infancy, initiation, treme, fancy, immoderate, inordinate, insane, intolerable,
initium, introduction, launching, onset, opening, origin, lavish, overdue, overextravagant, overmuch, steep, stiff,
origination, outbreak, rise, start, starting point, threshold towering, unconscionable, undue, unmerciful
OUTSIDE (Exterior), adjective aways, back, exterior, OVERAGE, noun avalanche, balance, deluge, excess,
external, front, not within, outermost, outlying, outmost, extra, glut, inundation, leftover, overabundance, overflow,
outside, outward, side overmeasure, overplus, oversupply, plenty, profusion,
redundance, redundancy, remainder, remnant, repletion,
OUTSIDE (Foreign), adjective alien, extraneous, exter- residue, spare, supersaturation, surfeit, surplus, surplusage,
nal, foreign, immaterial, inapplicable, insignificant, irrele- too many, too much, undue amount
vant, nonessential, supervenient, unessential, unnecessary
OVERALL, adjective all-in-one, all-embracing, all-
OUTSOURCING, verb contracting with outside sources, encompassing, all-inclusive, blanket, complete, comprehen-
disposing of, eliminating work, eliminating workers, going sive, entire, extended, extensive, general, globally, inclusive,
outside, hiring outside sources, retaining others, retaining panoramic, sweeping, total, undivided, universal, whole,
outside sources, subcontracting wholesale, with all sides considered, with every aspect

OUTSPOKEN, adjective abrupt, blunt, brazen, brusque, OVERBEARING, adjective aggressive, arrogant, as-
candid, direct, earnest, forthcoming, forthright, guileless, sumptive, authoritarian, authoritative, autocratic, belliger-
honest, natural, open, plain, plainspoken, real, rude, ent, despotic, dictatorial, domineering, huffy, imperious,
straightforward, undiplomatic, unguarded, uninhibited, lofty, lordly, magisterial, narcissistic, onerous, pompous,
unrestrained, unsubtle, up-front, vocal, vociferous strong-handed, tyrannical, tyrannous, unreasonable

OUTSTANDING (Prominent), adjective august, cele- OVERCOME (Overwhelm), verb astonish, bewilder, bowl
brated, chief, consequential, conspicuous, distinctive, over, break down, burden, confound, crush, daze, deluge,
distinguished, elevated, eminent, especial, esteemed, discomfit, drown, encumber, engulf, flood, get the upper

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hand, glut, hamper, immerse, inundate, overlay, overload, overexert, overfeed, overfill, overstrain, overstuff, overtask,
overpower, overtax, prostrate, saddle, shatter, stagger, stun, overtax, overuse, overweigh, overwhelm, overwork, pack,
submerge, swallow up, swamp, weigh down, whelm saddle, saturate, soak, strain, supercharge, supersaturate,
surcharge, surfeit, weigh down, work to excess
OVERCOME (Surmount), verb beat, command, con-
quer, defeat, destroy, dominate, drub, eclipse, get the better OVERLOOK (Disregard), verb fail to appreciate, fail to
of, get the upper hand, master, outdo, outrival, outshine, observe, fail to see, forget, leave out, leave undone, let
outstrip, overmatch, overpower, overshadow, overthrow, ride, miss, neglect, omit, pass over, take no notice
prevail over, quash, quell, rise above, rout, subdue, subju-
gate, tower above, transcend, triumph over, vanquish OVERLOOK (Excuse), verb condone, disregard, excuse,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: overcome a presumption forgive, pardon

OVERDRAW, verb aes alienum contrahere, be debited OVERLOOK (Superintend), verb administer, be at the
with, be in debt, be prodigal, become bankrupt, become in- helm, be inattentive to, command, command a view of,
solvent, deplete, dissipate, exhaust, incur a debt, overcharge, condonare, conduct, control, direct, examine, govern,
overextend, overspend, overstrain, overstretch, owe, owe guide, have charge of, hold the reins, ignore, ignoscere,
money, run into debt, spend more than one has, squander inspect, look after, look out, look over, oversee, pilot, pra-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: overdraw an account eterire, preside, review, scrutinize, steer, study, supervise,
survey, watch over
OVERDUE, adjective behind time, belated, debitus,
delayed, delinquent, due, in arrears, late, long-delayed, OVERLY, adverb abnormally, excessively, exorbitantly,
more than due, not on time, outstanding, past due, past extortionately, extraordinarily, extravagantly, immoderately,
the time for payment, remiss, tardy, unpaid, untimely improperly, inappropriately, inexcusably, inordinately, intem-
perately, intolerably, monstrously, overly, overmuch, singu-
OVERESTIMATE, verb adulate, aggrandize, attach too larly, unacceptably, unbearably, uncommonly, unconsciona-
much importance to, enlarge, estimate too highly, exagger- bly, uncustomarily, unduly, unreasonably, unruly, unusually
ate, exalt, exceed, expand, extol, flatter, glorify, inflate, mag-
nify, make too much of, maximize, misestimate, misjudge, OVERPOWER (Defeat), verb attack, conquer, crush, get
misrepresent, overassess, overcalculate, overcount, overdo, the upper hand, master, outmaneuver, overcome, over-
overjudge, overlaud, overmeasure, overpraise, overprize, whelm, prevail, rout, stun, stupefy, subdue, subjugate,
overrate, overstate, overvalue, set too high an estimate surmount, vanquish

OVEREXTEND, verb develop too fast, develop too OVERPOWER (Overtake), verb beat, finish first, master,
much, distend, go too far, grow too fast, grow too much, outmaneuver, outrace, overmaster, overmatch, overset,
overcommit, overdevelop, overexpand, spread too far, prevail over, trounce, upset, win
spread too thin, strain, stretch, stretch too far
OVERREACH, verb accroach, annul, cheat, circum-
OVERHEAD, noun budget, business expenses, charges, scribere, circumvenire, circumvent, deceive, defeat one’s
cost, cost incurred, cost of living, current expenses, disburse- own purpose, defeat oneself by overdoing matters, de-
ment, drain on resources, expenditures, expense, general fraud, dupe, encroach, exceed, extend beyond, extend
expenses, liabilities, living expenses, money expended, op- over, fool, get the better of, have one’s plans backfire,
erating expenses, outlay, payments, spendings, upkeep mislead, nullify one’s gains, offset, outsmart, outwit, over-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: overhead expenses act, overdo, overextend, overshoot, reach beyond, reach
over, reach too far, thwart, trick, trip, undermine, undo
OVERHEAR, verb attend, become aware of, catch, de- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: undue influence
tect, eavesdrop, exaudire, excipere, find out, glean knowl-
edge of, hear, intercept, listen in on, listen stealthily, moni- OVERRIDE, verb act despite, annul, cancel, counteract,
tor, obtain knowledge of, pick up, receive information, countermand, crush, defeat, discard, dismiss, disregard, do
receive knowledge of, subauscultare away with, dominate, flout, fly in the face of, ignore, invali-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: eavesdropping, wiretapping date, make ineffectual, make null and void, make void,
neglect, nullify, outweigh, overcome, overpower, overrule,
OVERINDULGE, verb be gluttonous, be greedy, be intem- overturn, pass over, prevail over, quell, reverse, revoke, set
perate, be selfish, be voracious, carry to excess, carry too far, aside, subdue, supersede, surpass, take no account of, take
cater to excessively, coddle excessively, eat excessively, favor precedence, thwart, upset
excessively, gratify to excess, humor excessively, lack self- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: override a veto, overriding state in
control, overdo, overeat, overgorge, overgratify, pamper ex- terest
cessively, satiate to excess, satisfy to excess, spoil excessively
OVERRULE, verb abrogate, annul, cancel, counter-
OVERLAP, verb adjoin, cover, encroach, exceed, extend mand, decide against, gubernare, invalidate, make null,
beyond, go beyond, imbricate, imminere, impendere, im- make void, nullify, obviate, override, overturn, refuse to
pinge, infringe, invade, lap over, lie over, make contact, sustain, reject, reject by subsequent action, reject by subse-
overgrow, overhang, overlay, overlie, override, overrun, over- quent decision, renounce, repeal, repudiate, rescind, re-
spread, project, protrude, reach over, run over, spread over, tract, reverse, revoke, rule against, rule out, set aside, su-
superimpose, touch persede, undo, upset, vincere, void
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: overrule a decision, overrule a mo-
OVERLOAD, verb burden, choke, congest, cram, tion, overrule an objection
crowd, cumber, deluge, drench, encumber, flood, force,
glut, gorge, inundate, load to excess, make heavy, op- OVERSEE, verb administer, attend to, be at the helm, be
press, overabound, overburden, overdo, overdose, the guiding force, carry on, coach, command, conduct,

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control, dictate, direct, dominate, engineer, examine, exe- OVERTURN, verb abolish, annihilate, conquer, crush,
cute, govern, guide, handle, have authority over, have charge defeat, demolish, destroy, evertere, foil, invert, obliterate,
of, have the direction of, head, instruct, lead, look after, man- overcome, overpower, overset, overthrow, overwhelm,
age, master, mastermind, navigate, officiate, pay attention to, quell, repress, reverse, ruin, subdue, subvert, subvertere,
pilot, procurare, reconnoiter, regiment, regulate, rein, rule, suppress, topple, upend, uproot, upset, vanquish
scrutinize, steer, superintend, supervise, watch, watch over ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: overturn a decision
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: master servant relationship, principal
agent relationship, respondeat superior OVERVIEW, noun analysis, comprehensive analysis,
detailed summary, examination, general outlook, introduc-
OVERSHADOW, verb cast into the shade, dominate, tion, iteration, outline, recap, recapitulation, recount, re-
dwarf, eclipse, extinguish, obscure, outshine, overshadow, counting, reiteration, statement, summary, summation,
prevail over, reduce, rise above, run circles around, shroud, survey
steal the spotlight from, surmount, take the glory out of, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: law firm profile
top, tower above, tower over, upstage
OVERWHELM, verb astonish, beat, besiege, bewilder,
OVERSIGHT (Carelessness), noun blunder, careless mis- bury, confound, confuse, conquer, daze, defeat, deluge,
take, careless omission, erratum, error, failure, failure to no- demergere, destroy, discomfit, immerse, impress, inundate,
tice, heedlessness, inadvertency, inattention, incuria, lapse, master, obruere, opprimere, overcome, overpower, over-
laxity, laxness, mistake, neglect, negligence, nonobser- run, overthrow, quash, quell, shock, stun, subdue, subju-
vance, remissness, slip, supervision, thoughtlessness, unin- gate, submerge, suppress, surmount, surprise, triumph
tentional mistake, unintentional omission over, vanquish, weigh down
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: negligence
OVERWHELMING, adverb absolutely, astonishingly,
OVERSIGHT (Control), noun management, overlooking, astronomically, comfortably, completely, decisively, defini-
superintendence, supervision, watchful care, watchfulness tively, distinctly, dramatically, emphatically, immensely,
overpoweringly, popularly, radically, significantly, strongly
OVERSTATEMENT, noun aggrandizement, amplifica- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: overwhelmingly approved, over-
tion, boasting, coloring, distortion, elaboration, embroi- whelming passing the legislature, overwhelmingly re-
dery, enlargement, exaggerated statement, exaggeration, jected, overwhelmingly supported
expansion, extravagance, extravagancy, falsification, hyper-
bole, hyperbolism, inflated statement, inflation, magnifica- OWE, verb be beholden, be bound, be due, be in debt,
tion, magniloquence, misjudgment, misrepresentation, be indebted, be liable, be obligated, be under obligation,
misstatement, overestimation, puffery contract a debt, debere, have a loan, have an obligation,
incur a debt
OVERSTEP, verb accroach, advance beyond proper lim- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: debt owed, debtor-creditor laws, le-
its, break in upon, encroach, entrench, exceed, go beyond, gally owed, taxes owed
go over, go too far, impinge, infringe, interfere, intrude,
invade, meddle, not observe, obtrude, overpass, overrun, OWN, verb be in possession of, be in receipt of, be
run over, strain, stretch, transcend, transgress, trench on, master of, be possessed of, claim, command, contain, con-
trespass, usurp, violate trol, dominate, enjoy, habere, have, have a deed for, have
a title to, have claim upon, have hold of, have in hand, have
OVERT, adjective apertus, apparent, clear, definite, dis- rights to, have to one’s name, hold, keep, maintain, oc-
closed, distinct, easily seen, evident, explicit, exposed, ex- cupy, possess, possidere, retain, tenere
press, glaring, in full view, in plain sight, manifest, manifestus, FOREIGN PHRASES: Id solum nostrum quod debitis deductis
noticeable, notorious, obvious, open, ostensible, palpable, nostrum est. That only is ours which remains to us after
patent, perceptible, perspicuous, plain, public, revealed, un- deduction of our debts.
concealed, uncovered, undisguised, unhidden, visible
OWNER, noun claimer, controller, holder, homeowner,
OVERT ACT, noun action, beginnings, commencement, householder, land owner, landlord, lessor, legitimate per-
criminal act, dealings, deed, doings, intentional act, maneu- son entitled to, master, occupier, person holding ownership
ver, manifest act, open act, outward act, start on record, possessor, property owner, proprietor, receiver,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: conspiracy record holder, retainer, title holder
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: beneficial owner, co-owner, equitable
OVERTHROW, verb abolish, adfligere, be victorious over, owner, general owner, gun owner, joint owners, owner of
break up, bring down, cast down, conquer, defeat, deicere, copyright, part owners, record owner, repeated owner
dethrone, diruere, disrupt, eradicate, exterminate, extirpate,
fell, invert, master, nullify, obliterate, obviate, overmaster, OWNERSHIP, noun claim, control, dominion, domin-
overpower, overrun, overset, overturn, overwhelm, pros- ium, holding, mastery, occupancy, possessorship, proprie-
trate, quash, quell, ravage, refute, remove, reverse, revolt, tary, proprietorship, right of possession, seisin, tenancy,
revolutionize, shatter, subdue, subjugate, subvert, suppress, tenure, title, use
surmount, terminate, throw down, throw over, topple, turn ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: absolute ownership, apparent owner-
upside down, uncrown, unseat, upend, uproot, upset ship, certificate of ownership, change of ownership,
exclusive ownership, incident of ownership, individual
OVERTURE, noun advance, approach, beginning, bid, ownership, joint ownership, occupation, ownership rights,
condicio, exordium, foreword, initiative, introduction, possession, proprietary interest, qualified ownership, silent
invitation, motion, offer, opening of negotiations, pream- partner, sole ownership, sole proprietor, tenancy by the
ble, preface, preliminary, preliminary negotiation, prelude, entirety, transfer of ownership, unconditional ownership,
presentation, proem, proffer, proposal, proposition, tender undisclosed interest, unqualified ownership

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PACHYDERMATOUS, adjective coldblooded, cold- troubling, trying, unbearable, uncomfortable, unendurable,
hearted, difficult to change, immovable, impassive, impen- unpleasant, unsufferable, wearisome
etrable, impenitent, impervious, implacable, insensitive,
intransigent, indurate, obdurate, stubborn, thick-skinned, PAINSTAKING, adjective assiduous, attentive, careful,
tough, unsympathetic, unyielding conscientious, diligent, earnest, elaborate, energetic, ex-
acting, hardworking, heedful, industrious, labored, labori-
PACIFY, verb accommodate, alleviate, appease, assuage, ous, meticulous, never-tiring, operose, operosus, particular,
becalm, bring to terms, calm, componere, conciliate, dulcify, persevering, plodding, precise, punctilious, regardful, scru-
ease, lenire, make peace, mediate, mellow, mollify, pacificate, pulous, sedulous, sedulus, sparing no pains, strenuous,
placate, please, propitiate, quell, quiet, reconcile, relieve, strict, thorough, untiring, zealous
restore harmony, restore to a state of peace, restore to a state
of tranquillity, reunite, salve, satiate, satisfy, settle, settle dif- PALATABLE, adjective acceptable, agreeable, ambrosial,
ferences, smooth, soothe, still, subdue, tranquilize ambrosian, amenable, appetizing, becoming, causing plea-
sure, cibarious, comestible, congenial, delectable, delicate,
PACT, noun agreement, alliance, arrangement, assurance, delicious, delightful, drinkable, dulcet, dulcis, eatable, edible,
bargain, bond, charter, coalition, compact, compromise, con- enjoyable, epicurean, esculent, flavorful, flavorous, flavor-
cord, concordance, concordat, consentaneity, consortium, some, good, good-tasting, good to eat, gratifying, inviting,
contract, convention, cooperation, covenant, deal, entente, iucundus, likable, luscious, meeting standards, nectareous,
foedus, guarantee, indenture, league, mutual agreement, nice, piquant, pleasant, pleasing, pleasurable, potable, pre-
mutual pledge, mutual promise, pactio, paction, pactum, possessing, refreshing, relishable, sapid, satisfactory, savory,
pledge, promise, reconciliation, settlement, stipulation, scrumptious, suavis, succulent, tangy, tasteful, tasty, tempt-
treaty, understanding, union, warranty ing, toothsome, unobjectionable, up to par, welcome

PAIN, noun ache, adversity, affliction, aggravation, PALAVER, noun babble, balderdash, blather, chatter,
agony, ailment, anguish, blight, calamity, disability, dis- empty words, foolishness, gab, idle chatter, idle talk, mere
comfort, disease, displeasure, distress, dolor, grief, griev- chatter, nonsense, prattle, twaddle, words
ous trouble, hurt, ill, infliction, injury, malady, malaise,
misery, ordeal, pang, sickness, sore, soreness, sorrow, PALE, adjective anemic in comparison, become impo-
strong discomfort, suffering, torment, unease, woe, worry tent, become tarnished, colorless in comparison, contrast,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: pain and suffering dim, dismal, drab, drained of color, dreary in comparison,
fails in comparison, feeble in comparison, flat in comparison,
PAIN AND SUFFERING, noun award for permanent flimsy in comparison, frail in comparison, ghastly, impotent,
damage, award for serious damage, award for sustained inadequate, incompetent, ineffective, insufficient, lackluster,
damage, damages, damages for an injured party, damages languishing, lose their luster, lusterless, obfuscated, ob-
for emotional distress, damages for mental distress, dam- scured, pallid
ages for physical distress, damages for the afflicted, dam-
ages for the impaired, grant for damages sustained, non- PALIMONY, noun alimony for a longtime relationship,
economic damages alimony to a live-in companion, award of support, cohabi-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: general damages, special damages tation with an obligation for alimony, divorce allowance,
divorce payments, domestic-partner alimony, nonmarital
PAINFUL, adjective aching, afflictive, agonizing, an- alimony, out of wedlock with an award of alimony, support
guishing, arduous, beset with difficulties, difficult, difficult for an out-of-wedlock companion, support for unmarried
to endure, discomforting, distressful, distressing, disturb- cohabitants
ing, excruciating, grievous, grueling, hard to endure, harm- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: divorce laws, palimony agreements
ful, harrowing, hurtful, hurting, inflamed, insufferable, intol-
erable, irksome, irritating, laborious, smarting, sore, PALLIATE (Abate), verb allay, alleviate, appease, arrest,
throbbing, tiresome, tormenting, torturous, troublesome, assuage, attemper, bate, bound, bring to a standstill, cease,

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check, circumscribe, curb, curtail, deactivate, decelerate, humble, inadequate, incomplete, inconsequential, inconsid-
decrease, desist, diminish, discontinue, ease, eliminate, le- erable, insignificant, irrelevant, lacking, little, meager, mean,
nify, lessen, limit, make less severe, make mild, minimize, measly, mediocre, minute, minutus, miserable, modest, neg-
mitigate, moderate, modulate, obtund, pacify, qualify, quell, ligible, niggardly, nugatory, of little consequence, of little
quiet, reduce, regulate, relieve, soften, still, stop, subdue, value, of no account, of small value, pathetic, petty, piddling,
suppress, suspend, temper, terminate pitiful, poor, puny, pusillus, scant, scanty, scarce, shameful,
slight, small, sorry, trifling, trivial, unappreciable, unimport-
PALLIATE (Excuse), verb absolve, acquit, adjudge inno- ant, unsatisfactory, unworthy of serious consideration, use-
cent, allow for, assoil, be lenient, clear, condone, declare less, valueless, vile, vilis, wanting, worthless, wretched
guiltless, defend, discharge, disculpate, dismiss charges, ex-
culpate, exempt, exonerate, extenuate, forbear, forgive, give PANACEA, noun answer, assistance, balm, catholicon,
amnesty, give dispensation, grant absolution, grant amnesty, correction, corrective, curative, cure, cure-all, cure for all
grant exemption, grant immunity, judge innocent, justify, let ills, healing agent, improvement, medicament, medicine,
go, let off, liberate, license, make allowance for, overlook, palliative, relief, remedy, restorative, restorative agent, solution,
pardon, permit, privilege, provide justification, release, re- solution to difficulties, tonic, universal cure, universal remedy
lease from obligation, remit the penalty, reprieve, rescue, set
free, show mercy, shrive, spare, support, tolerate, vindicate PANDECT (Code of laws), noun body of law, canon,
canon of laws, charter, code, codification, codified law, col-
PALLIATIVE (Abating), adjective allaying, alleviating, lection of laws, complete body of laws, digest, digest of
alleviative, assuaging, assuasive, beneficial, calmative, con- law, enactment, legal code, principles, statute book
solatory, corrective, curative, easeful, helpful, lenient,
drudge, mitigating, mitigative, modifying, modulatory, mol- PANDECT (Treatise), noun analysis, article, commen-
lifying, pacifying, quelling, quieting, relieving, restorative, tary, compendium, complete digest, comprehensive di-
sedative, softening, soothing, stilling, subduing, tempering, gest, conspectus, data paper, digest, discourse, discussion,
therapeutic, tranquilizing disquisition, dissertation, essay, excursus, exhaustive tract,
explanation, exposition, formal discourse, formal essay,
PALLIATIVE (Excusing), adjective apologetic, condon- handbook, lucubration, manual, outline, paper, position
able, condoning, excepting, exculpable, exculpating, excu- paper, publication, study, summary, survey, syllabus,
satory, exempting, expiating, extenuating, extenuative, synopsis, tract, tractate, treatment
forgiving, justificatory, justifying, pardoning, qualifying,
vindicating, vindicative, vindicatory PANADEMIC, noun all-embracing epidemic, far-reach-
ing disease, global epidemic, international dispose, univer-
PALPABLE, adjective able to be felt, able to be handled, sal disease, widespread disease, worldwide epidemic
able to be touched, apparent, bold, certain, clear, clear-cut,
conspicuous, crystal clear, definite, detectable, discernible, PANDEMONIUM, noun affray, agitation, anarchy, bed-
disclosed, discoverable, distinct, easily perceived, easily lam, chaos, clamor, commotion, confusedness, confusion,
seen, evidens, evident, exhibited, explicit, glaring, identifi- convulsion, derangement, din, disarrangement, disarray,
able, in evidence, indisputable, indubitable, lucid, manifest, discomposure, disharmony, disorder, disorganization, dis-
manifestus, marked, notable, noticeable, observable, obvi- quietude, disruption, disturbance, embroilment, entangle-
ous, overt, patent, perceivable, perceptible, perspicuous, ment, ferment, fracas, frenzy, imbroglio, inquietude, jumble,
plain, prominent, pronounced, readily perceived, readily lack of order, melee, mix-up, noise, outcry, panic, racket,
seen, recognizable, revealed, salient, seeable, self-evident, rampage, riot, roar, row, ruction, rumpus, stir, storm, trouble,
stark, striking, tactile, tangible, touchable, tractabilis, un- tumult, turbulence, turmoil, unruliness, uproar, uproarious-
concealed, uncontestable, uncovered, uncurtained, undis- ness, vociferation, want of method, wild uproar, wildness
guised, undoubtable, unequivocal, unhidden, unmasked,
unmistakable, unobscure, unobscured, unquestionable, PANDER, verb assist, attend, be instrumental, be of ser-
unscreened, unshrouded, unveiled, visible vice, be servile, be subservient, be useful, cater, court favor,
do service, furnish, give, gratify, help, humor, indulge, ingra-
PALTER, verb act, act insincerely, be deceitful, be de- tiate oneself, make contented, make oneself useful, minister,
ceptive, be dishonest, be evasive, be false, be fraudulent, obey, oblige, pamper, please, procure, provide, purvey,
be hypocritical, be inconstant, be insincere, be mendacious, render service, satisfy, satisfy desires, serve, subserve, sup-
be perfidious, be uncandid, be untruthful, bear false wit- ply, tend, toady, truckle to, wait on, work in the service of
ness, beguile, betray, bluff, break faith, cant, cheat, concoct,
counterfeit, cozen, deal crookedly, deceive, defraud, de- PANEL (Discussion group), noun advisory body, caucus,
lude, deviate, disguise, dissemble, dissimulate, distort, conference, consilium, council, deliberative body, ex-
doctor, dodge, dupe, equivocate, evade, evade the truth, change of views, forum, joint discussion, open discussion,
fabricate, fake, falsify, feign, fence, fool, forswear, gammon, open forum, roundtable, seminar, summit, symposium
hoax, inveigle, invent, lack candor, lead astray, lie, make
false pretenses, make false statements, manufacture, mas- PANEL (Jurors), noun body of jurors, body of persons
querade, misdirect, misguide, misinform, mislead, misren- summoned as jurors, body of persons sworn to render a
der, misreport, misrepresent, misstate, perjure, pervert, verdict, group of jurors, jury, list of jurors, persons sum-
playact, pose, pretend, prevaricate, profess, render lip ser- moned to attend the court as jurymen, triers of fact
vice, represent falsely, shift, shuffle, talk insincerely, tergi- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: grand jury, panel en banc, petit jury
versate, trifle, trump up, twist, use trickery, utter a false-
hood, victimize PANIC, noun affright, agitation, alarm, anxiety, awe,
confusedness, confusion, consternation, cowardice, de-
PALTRY, adjective below par, beneath contempt, beneath spair, discomposure, disorder, disquietude, disturbance,
notice, cheap, contemptible, deficient, despicable, diminutive, dread, fear, fearfulness, flutter, frenzy, fright, great fear,

475
 PANOPLY

horror, hysteria, hystericalness, inquietude, irrational terror, equidistant, equivalent, even, matched, matching, mutual,
nervousness, outcry, overpowering fright, pandemonium, of a kind, opposite, proportioned, resembling, similar, sym-
pavor, perturbance, perturbation, phobia, sheer terror, metrical, tantamount, tied, uniform
stampede, state of terror, sudden fear, terror, trepidation,
turmoil, unreasoning fear PARALLEL, noun analogue, coequal, companion, com-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: heat of passion, manslaughter, tempo- peer, complement, correspondent, counterpart, double,
rary insanity equal, equivalent, fellow, like, match, mate, peer, resem-
blance, same, twin
PANOPLY, noun armature, armor, armored protection,
barrier, brigandine, buffer, covering, cuirass, defense, de- PARALLEL, verb associate, be comparable to, be equal
fensive arms, defensive clothing, defensive equipment, with, be equivalent to, be parallel, coextend, compare, com-
deterrent, envelopment, fender, fortification, full array, pare with, copy, correlate, correspond to, double, draw a
guard, means of protection, precaution, preservation, pre- parallel, duplicate, follow, go alongside, imitate, match,
ventive measure, protection, protective covering, protec- relate, run parallel to
tive outfit, safeguard, screen, shelter, shield, targe
PARAMOUNT, adjective arch, beyond compare, beyond
PAR (Equality), noun aequalis, aequus, balance, equal comparison, cardinal, champion, chief, crowning, distin-
footing, equal value, equal worth, equality, equalness, guished, extraordinary, first, foremost, grand, great, great-
equipollence, equivalence, evenness, identicalness, iden- est, head, hegemonic, hegemonical, highest, incomparable,
tity, interchangeableness, likeness, sameness, similarity inimitable, leading, main, master, matchless, memorable,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: above par value, at par value, par value model, notable, peerless, preeminent, prepollent, prepo-
of stock tent, primary, prime, principal, prominent, regnant, reigning,
remarkable, salient, second to none, significant, sovereign,
PAR (Face amount), noun amount, appraisal, appraise- summus, supereminent, superior, superlative, supreme, top,
ment, evaluation, face value, market price, price, rate, transcendent, transcendental, unapproached, unequaled,
valuation, value, value in exchange, worth unexcelled, unmatched, unparalleled, unrivaled, unsur-
passed, without parallel, worthy of notice, worthy of remark
PARADE, noun caravan, cavalcade, column, display,
exhibit, exhibition, gala, grandeur, honorary march, honor- PARANOIA, noun delusional insanity, delusions, dis-
ary procession, march, motorcade, presentation, public eased mind, disordered reason, insanity, lunacy, madness,
procession, salute to, show, spectacle, stream of marchers, mania, mental aberration, mental disease, phobia, unrea-
throngs of marchers, walk of marchers sonable fear, unreasonable fright
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: parade law, permits
PARAPHERNALIA (Apparatus), noun accessories, ac-
PARADIGM, noun archetype, example, exemplar, guide, companiments, accouterments, apparatus, appliances, ar-
ideal, model, norm, original, paradigma, pattern, prototype, ticles, attachments, contrivances, conveniences, equipage,
sample, standard equipment, gear, impedimenta, implements, instruments,
material, supplies, tools, utensils
PARADOX, noun antilogy, antinomy, contradiction, con-
trariety, disagreement, discrepancy, dissonance, enigma, PARAPHERNALIA (Personal belongings), noun acces-
incompatibility, incongruity, inconsistency, inconsonance, sories, appointments, assets, chattels, effects, estate, goods,
irreconcilability, lack of agreement, lack of harmony, per- holdings, merchandise, movables, parcels, perquisites, per-
plexity, puzzle, quod est admirabile contraque opinionem sonal effects, personal estate, personal property, personalty,
omnium, seeming contradiction, self-contradiction possessions, property, resources, seisin, trappings

PARADOXICAL, adjective abnormal but true, absurd but PARAPHRASE, noun abridgment, brief, citation, con-
true, ambiguous but true, bewildering, conflicting but true, densation, description, elucidation, enucleation, equiva-
confounding but true, contradictory but true, enigmatic but lent meaning, explanation, explication, free translation,
true, incompatible but true, incongruous but true, inconsis- free wording, indirect quotation, interpretatio, interpreta-
tent but true, inconsonant but true tion, loose rendering, loose translation, meaning, minute,
nonliteral translation, paraphrasis, recapitulation, render-
PARAGON, noun acme of perfection, champion, emi- ing, rendition, representation, restatement, rewording,
nent person, example, exceller, exemplar, good example, simplification, summary, synopsis, translation, version
great person, height of perfection, hero, ideal, man of
mark, model, model of virtue, nonesuch, nonpareil, person PARASITE, noun adsecula, barnacle, beggar, blood-
of repute, prize, standard, standard for comparison, sum- sucker, borrower, burden, cadger, destructive agency, fol-
mit, superior individual lower, leech, loafer, mendicant, nonworker, panhandler,
scrounger, sponge, sycophant
PARALEGAL, noun assistant, law assistant, legal admin-
istrative assistant, legal document assistant, legal assistant, PARCEL, noun acreage, area, block, district, enclave,
legal technician enclosure, estate, field, ground, land, lot, property, patch,
piece, piece of land, plot, plot of ground, plot of land, por-
PARALLEL, adjective abreast, agreed, akin, aligned, tion, real estate, region, section, sector, segment, square,
analogous, coequal, coextending, coextensive, cognate, terrain, territory, tract
coincident, collateral, commensurable, comparable, com- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: conveyance, partition
paring, comparison, concerted, concomitant, concurrent,
congeneric, congenerous, congruous, consensual, conso- PARCEL, verb administer, allocate, allot, appoint, ap-
nant, correlative, correspondent, corresponding, equal, portion, appropriate, assign, award, bestow, carve, deal

476
 PAROL

out, dispense, dispose of, distribuere, distribute, divide, foster parent, in loco parentis, natural parent, paternity
divide into shares, dividere, dole out, give away, give out, proceeding, sole surviving parent
grant, measure, mete, part with, partiri, partition, pass out, FOREIGN PHRASES: Parentum est liberos alere etiam nothos.
portion out, prorate, ration, sectionalize, segment, split up, It is the duty of parents to support their children even when
subdivide illegitimate.

PARCEL OUT, verb allocate, allot, allow, apportion, ap- PARI MATERIA, noun in consonance, in harmony, on
propriate, assign, award, bestow, contribute, dispense, dis- the same matter, read as one, read in tandem, read with
tribute, divide, dole out, furnish, give, give away, give out, respect of another, read together
grant, hand out, hand over, issue, measure out, mete out,
pay out, portion, present, ration, share, spare, supply PARIAH, noun castaway, deportee, derelict, exile, ex-
patriate, fugitive, heretic, offender, outcast, outlaw, out-
PARDON, noun absolution, acquittal, amnesty, clear- sider, proscribed person, rebel, renegade, scab, sectarist,
ance, clemency, compurgation, discharge, dismissal, dis- sectary, tergiversator
pensation, exemption from punishment, exoneration,
forgiveness, leniency, obliteration of grievances, release, PARITY, noun alikeness, analogy, approximation, bal-
release from penalty, release from punishment, relinquish- ance, close correspondence, coequality, comparability,
ment, reprieve, venia, vindication comparison, correlation, correspondence, equability, equal-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: amnesty, commutation, conditional ity, equation, equilibrium, equipoise, equivalence, equiva-
pardon, parole, relief from disabilities, suspended sen- lency, identical value, identicalness, likeness, parallelism,
tence, unconditional pardon resemblance, sameness, semblance, similarity, similtude,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Veniae facilitas incentivum est delin- state of being equal, symmetry, uniformity
quendi. Facility of pardon is an encouragement to crime. ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: wage parity

PARDON, verb acquit, cancel a punishment, cancel an PARLANCE, noun address, allocution, choice of words,
offense, condone, deliver, discharge, emancipate, excuse, command of idiom, command of language, command of
exonerate, expunge the record of, fail to exact a penalty, words, conference, conversation, delivery, diction, dis-
forgive, give absolution, grant amnesty, grant clemency, course, elocution, eloquence, expression, fashion, flow of
grant forgiveness, grant remission, let loose, liberate, over- language, flow of words, fluency, formulation, idiom, inter-
look, purge, redeem, release, release from punishment, re- locution, locution, manner, manner of speaking, mode, oral
mission of guilt, reprieve, set at liberty, set free, suspend communication, oratory, phraseology, recitation, rhetoric,
charges, vindicate sense of language, speech, spoken word, style, talk, termi-
nology, tone, use of words, utterance, verbal intercourse,
PARDONABLE, adjective admissible, allowable, blame- vocabulary, vocalization, wordage
less, condonable, defensible, excusabilis, excusable, expia-
ble, faultless, forgivable, guiltless, innocent, inoffensive, PARLAY (Bet), verb ante, back, bet on, gamble, hazard, lay
justifiable, justified, passable, permitted, slight, unblamable, a wager, lay money on, make a bet, make book, play, risk,
unculpable, understandable, unobjectionable, vindicable speculate, stake, take a chance, trust to chance, venture, wager

PARENT, noun ancestor, author, author of one’s exis- PARLAY (Exploit successfully), verb boost, broaden,
tence, derivation, father, generator, mother, mover, origina- build up, develop, elevate, escalate, exalt, expand, further,
tor, precursor, predecessor, primogenitor, procreator, pro- maximize, pyramid, raise, use
genitor, source
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: abusive parent, child welfare, neglect PARLEY, noun assembly, collocution, colloquy, com-
munication, conclave, conference, congress, conloqui,
PARENTAGE, noun ancestry, antecedents, birth, blood- consultation, convention, conversation, council, debate,
line, derivation, descent, extraction, family, family connec- deliberation, dialogue, diplomacy, disceptare, discussion,
tion, family tree, filiation, forebears, forefathers, foreparents, exchange of views, hearing, intercommunication, interlocu-
former generations, genealogical tree, genealogy, genesis, tion, interview, meeting, negotiation, oral communication,
genus, house, line, line of ancestors, lineage, origin, pater- seminar, summit, summit conference, summit talk, sympo-
nity, pedigree, primogenitors, progenitors, source, stem, siac, symposium, talk, verbal intercourse
stirps, stock, tribe
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: determination of parentage, illegiti- PAROCHIAL, adjective biased, dogmatic, fanatical, hide-
macy, legitimacy, paternity proceeding bound, illiberal, insular, intolerant, jaundiced, limited, literal,
narrow, narrow-minded, one-sided, opinionated, opinionative,
PARENTHETICAL, adjective beside the mark, beside orthodox, parochialis, partial, partisan, predisposed, preju-
the point, beside the question, explanatory, explicative, diced, prepossessed, provincial, regional, restricted to a small
expressive, external, extraneous, extrinsic, illustrative, inci- area, restricted to a small scope, sectarian, small-minded, un-
dental, inconsequent, inconsequential, inessential, inserted, bending, uncatholic, unimaginative, unliberal, untolerating
intervening, nonessential, not at issue, not to the purpose,
of interest, also an issue, also material, also on point PARODY, noun amphigory, apery, buffoonery, bur-
lesque, caricature, cartoon, comical representation, distor-
PARENTS, noun ancestor, begetter, creator, father, fore- tion, exaggeration, farce, imitation, lampoon, ludicrous
bear, founder of the family, genitor, head of the household, imitation, mime, mimicry, mockery, mummery, pasquinade,
immediate forebear, matriarch, mother, parens, patriarch, ridicula imitatio, ridicule, satire, squib, travesty
precursor, predecessor, procreator, progenitor
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: abandonment of child, adoptive par- PAROL, adjective evidenced solely by speech, ex-
ent, custody of children, duty to support, fitness of parent, pressed, expressed solely by speech, lingual, not committed

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to writing, not expressed by writing, not written, nuncupa- PART (Role), noun burden, character, charge, chore,
tive, oral, outspoken, told, unwritten, uttered, verbal, vocal, concern, function, impersonation, job, mimesis, partes,
voiced performance, portrayal, province, realm, representation,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: extrinsic evidence, parol agreement, responsibility, task, undertaking
parol assignment, parol contract, parol evidence rule, parol
gift, parol lease PART (Leave), verb be gone, break away, defect, depart,
escape, evacuate, get away from, go, go away, go forth,
PAROLE, noun affirmation, conditional deliverance, march off, migrate, move away, move out, quit, remove,
conditional discharge, conditional disenthrallment, condi- retire, retreat, separate oneself from, set off, set out, take
tional disimprisonment, conditional emancipation, condi- leave, take one’s departure, tear oneself away, withdraw
tional freedom, conditional freedom from confinement,
conditional independence, conditional liberation, condi- PART (Separate), verb be severed, be sundered, bifur-
tional liberty, conditional release, conditional reprieve, cate, break, carve, compartmentalize, cut in two, detach,
declaration, deliverance, discharge, emancipation, free- disassociate, disconnect, disengage, disentangle, disjoin,
dom, freeing from prison, granting freedom, liberation, dismember, dissever, dissociate, dissolve, disunite, divide,
liberty, release, release from prison, reprieve, setting free dividere, fissure, halve, isolate, keep apart, parcel, partiri,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: commutation of sentence, conditions partition, portion, section, separare, sever, sort out, split,
of parole, pardon, parole board, probation, release from stand between, subdivide, sunder, tear assunder, undo, un-
dissabilities loose

PAROLE, verb cast loose, conditionally release, condi- PART WITH, verb award, bequeath, bestow, cede, con-
tionally release from imprisonment, deliver, discharge, dis- tribute, confer, depart, dispense with, dispose of, donate,
imprison, emancipate, free, let go free, let out of jail, let out get away from, gift, give away, give up, grant, impart with,
of prison, liberate, make free, release, release conditionally, leave, separate from, pass, transfer, turn over, will
release from imprisonment, set at liberty, set free, turn loose,
unbolt, uncage, unchain, unfetter, unharness, unshackle PARTAKE, verb accept, be a party to, experience, have
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: commutation, commute, pardon, pa- a hand in, have a portion of, have a share of, lend oneself
role board, probation to, participate, receive, sample, savor, share, share in, take,
take a share of, take an active part in, take part in, taste
PAROLE EVIDENCE RULE, noun controlling writing,
inadmissible verbal evidence to contradict an agreement PARTIAL (Biased), adjective bigoted, cupidus, discrimi-
between the parties, prohibition against injecting extrinsic natory, favorably disposed, inclined, influenced, iniquus,
terms into an agreement, prohibition against oral evidence interested, jaundiced, narrow-minded, one-sided, partisan,
in interpreting a contract, prohibition on extrinsic evidence predisposed, prejudiced, prepossessed, prone, restricted,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: completely integrated contract studiosus, subjective, swayed, unbalanced, unequal, un-
even, unfair, unjust, unjustified, unreasonable
PARRY, verb avert, avoid, beat off, block, brush off, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: partial acceptance, partial delivery,
chase away, chase off, confute, counter, defendere, deflect, partial performance, partial restraint, partial summary
dodge, drive away, drive back, elude, escape, evade, judgment
fence, fend off, fight off, foil, force back, hedge, hold at bay,
hold back, hold off, intercept, interfere, intervene, keep at PARTIAL (Part), adjective apart, confined, divided, di-
bay, keep away, keep clear of, keep off, offer resistance, visible, factional, fragmentary, incomplete, limited, narrow,
oppose, outface, prevent, propulsare, push away, put up a not complete, not completed, partim, sectional, split, un-
struggle, rebuff, refute, reluct, reluctate, repel, repellere, completed, unfinished, unperformed, wanting
repulse, resist, sidestep, stave off, stop, stymie, take eva-
sive action, thwart, turn aside, turn away, turn back, ward PARTIAL (Relating to a part), adjective abridged, defi-
off, withstand cient, divided, divisible, fractional, fragmentary, imperfect,
incomplete, inexact, insufficient, limited, partim, scanty,
PARSIMONIOUS, adjective acquisitive, avaricious, sectional, segmental, sketchy, uncompleted, undeveloped,
chary, cheap, close, closefisted, curmudgeonly, eco- unfinalized, unfinished, unperfected, unthorough, wanting
nomical, excessively frugal, frugal, grasping, grudging, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: partial payment, partial summary
illiberal, mean, mercenary, miserly, niggardly, parcus, judgment
penny-pinching, penurious, petty, restrictus, scrimping,
selfish, small-minded, sparing, stingy, stinting, tenax, PARTIALITY, noun affinity, attachment, attraction, bent,
thrifty, tight, uncharitable, ungenerous, unwilling to give, bias, biased judgment, discrimination, favor, favoritism,
unyielding fondness, inclination, iniquitas, injustice, intolerance, lean-
ing, liking, one-sidedness, partisanship, penchant, precon-
PART (Place), noun area, division, locale, location, ception, predilection, predisposition, preference, preferen-
premises, purlieus, quarter, room, section, site, spot tial treatment, prejudgment, prejudice, prepossession,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: part in a courthouse proclivity, propensity, taste

PART (Portion), noun allocation, allowance, amount, PARTICIPANT, noun abettor, accessory, accomplice,
bit, chip, chunk, collop, component, constituent, cutting, adjuvant, aid, ally, assistant, associate, attendant, auxiliary,
detachment, detail, division, excerpt, factor, fraction, frag- coadjutor, collaborator, colleague, comate, companion,
ment, helping, ingredient, interest, lump, measure, parti- comrade, confederate, cooperator, copartner, coworker, fel-
cle, percentage, piece, quantity, section, segment, serving, low, fellow worker, helper, mate, partaker, particeps, par-
share, slab, slice, subdivision, subgroup ticipator, partner, party, shareholder, sharer
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: principal part ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: participant in a crime

478
 PARTNERSHIP

PARTICIPATE, verb act in concert, act together, affiliate item, lineament, mark, meticulousness, minute circumstance,
with, aid, associate, be a party to, be in league with, be in- minuteness, particularness, perfectionism, preciseness, pre-
volved, become involved with, collaborate, compete, con- cision, punctiliousness, rigidness, scrupulosity, scrupulous-
federate, consortem, contribute, cooperate, engage, engage ness, selectiveness, singleness, singularity, special point,
in, enter into, esse participem, get in the act, go along with, specific quality, strictness, trait, uniqueness
have a hand in, have a part in, have a part of, have a share
of, join, join forces, join in, join in partnership with, partake, PARTICULARLY, adverb above all, chiefly, distinctly,
play a part in, share, share in, take a part in, take a part of, eminently, especially, expressly, extraordinally, individu-
take an active part in, take an interest in, take part, under- ally, inordinately, mainly, markedly, maxime, notably, ob-
take, unite efforts with, unite with, work together servably, peculiarly, praecipue, praesertim, preeminently,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: participate in a business venture, primarily, principally, prominently, remarkably, signally,
participate in a conspiracy, participate in a crime, partici- singularly, specially, specifically, strikingly, supremely, un-
pate in a labor dispute commonly, uncustomarily, unfamiliarly, uniquely, unusually

PARTICIPATION, noun assistance, association, atten- PARTISAN, adjective biased, clannish, cliquish, de-
dance, camaraderie, companionship, concurrence, conjunc- nominational, devoted, factional, factionary, fanatic, fautor,
tion, connection, cooperation, fellowship, help, kinship, homo studiosus, influenced, leagued, partial, predisposed,
league, membership, partnership, relation, support, union sectarian, swayed, undetached, undispassionate

PARTICLE, noun atom, bit, component part, crumb, PARTISAN, noun adherent, advocate, ally, apostle,
cutting, fragment, grain, granule, hint, mite, modicum, backer, believer, champion, comrade, confederate, copart-
moiety, molecule, morsel, piece, pittance, point, scintilla, ner, coworker, defender, devotee, disciple, encourager,
snippet, speck, spot, suggestion, trace enthusiast, favorer, fellow worker, follower, friend, hanger-
on, mainstay, maintainer, participant, partner, party-liner,
PARTICULAR (Exacting), adjective accurate, astringent, party member, patron, promoter, proselyte, satellite, sec-
attentive, attentive to detail, careful, choosy, conscien- onder, sectarian, sectary, sponsor, support, supporter, sus-
tious, critical, delicatus, demanding, difficult to please, tainer, sympathizer, upholder, votary, zealot, zealotist
discriminating, discriminative, elegans, epicurean, exces- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: discrimination, partisan motives
sively critical, exigent, fastidious, faultfinding, finical, finicky,
fussy, hairsplitting, hard to please, heedful, hypercritical, in- PARTISANSHIP, noun advocacy, blind allegiance, blind
flexible, meticulous, mindful, overconscientious, overcritical, sponsor, blind support, blind sympathy, proselytism, sectar-
overfastidious, overmeticulous, painstaking, persnickety, ian allegiance, unfair allegiance, unjust allegiance, zealotry
picky, precise, punctilious, quality-minded, querulous, re- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: election law
gardful, rigid, rigorous, scrupulous, selective, stern, strict,
stringent, thorough, thoroughgoing, uncompromising, un- PARTITION, verb allocate, allot, apportion, break up,
yielding carve, compartmentalize, cut up, dissect, distribute, divide,
divide into distinct portions, divide into portions, divide
PARTICULAR (Individual), adjective characteristic, defi- into shares, divide proportionately, divide up, dole out,
nite, distinct, distinctive, distinguished, especial, exclusive, form into classes, group, mete, mete out, parcel out, pi-
original, own, peculiar, personal, respective, separate, sin- geonhole, place in a category, portion, portion out, prorate,
gle, singular, special, specific, unique, unusual section, sectionalize, segment, sever, sever the unity of
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: particular gift, particular purpose possession, share, split up, subdivide
FOREIGN PHRASES: Generale tantum valet in generalibus, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: partition property
quantum singulare in singulis. That which is general
prevails in general matters, as that which is particular pre- PARTNER, noun abettor, accessory, accomplice, adju-
vails in particular matters. tant, adjutor, adjuvant, aid, aider, ally, assistant, associate,
coadjutant, coadjutor, cohelper, collaborator, colluder, co-
PARTICULAR (Specific), adjective characteristic, cho- mate, companion, compeer, confederate, consociate, co-
sen, differential, differentiated, distinct, distinctive, distin- operator, coowner, copartner, coworker, fellow worker,
guishable, distinguished, eccentric, especial, exceptional, helper, member of a partnership, partaker, particeps, par-
express, extraordinary, idiosyncratic, individual, marked, ticipant, participator, sharer, teammate, teamworker, work-
noteworthy, odd, outstanding, peculiar, prominent, pro- fellow
prius, select, selected, separate, separatus, signal, single, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: equal partner, general partner, limited
singular, special, striking, uncommon, unique, unmistak- partner, managing partner, nominal partner, partner in
able, unusual crime, silent partner, surviving partner
FOREIGN PHRASES: Cum aliquis renunciaverit societati, sol-
PARTICULAR, noun article, aspect, case, circumstance, vitur societas. When any partner renounces the partner-
detail, event, experience, fact, feature, incident, incidental, ship, the partnership is dissolved. Socii mei socius meus
instance, item, item of information, matter, minutia, occasion, socius non est. The partner of my partner is not my partner.
occurrence, particularity, piece of information, point, punc-
tilio, respect, single case, special point, specific, specification PARTNERSHIP, noun alliance, association, coalition, com-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bill of particulars bination, concord, confederacy, confederation, conjunction,
connection, consociation, consortio, consortium, cooperation,
PARTICULARITY, noun care, carefulness, characteristic, cooperative society, copartnership, federation, fellowship,
characteristic quality, circumstantiality, conscientiousness, firm, guild, joint interest, league, legal entity, mutual com-
criticalness, detail, discriminatingness, discrimination, dis- pany, participation, pool, societas, sodality, syndicate
tinctive feature, exactingness, exactitude, exactness, fastidi- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: commercial partnership, copartner-
ousness, feature, finicality, finicalness, fussiness, individuality, ship, corporation, dissolution of partnership, general

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 PARTY

partnership, joint enterprise, joint venture, limited partner- by, get through, make one’s mark, master, meet require-
ship, partnership agreement, partnership assets, partner- ments, prevail, qualify, reach, realize, satisfy requirements,
ship at will, partnership debts, partnership for a single stand the test, succeed, triumph
transaction, partnership property, professional partnership,
silent partner, special partnership, voluntary association PASS AWAY, verb break down, decease, demise, de-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Nemo debet in communione invitus te- part, die, end, expire, fade, fall, flatline, give out, part, pass
neri. No one should be retained in a partnership against his on, perish, quit, succumb
will. Si alicujus rei societas sit et finis negotio impositus
est, finitus societas. If there is a partnership in any matter PASS JUDGMENT, verb adjudge, adjudicate, administra-
and the business is concluded, the partnership is ended. tor, arbitrate, ascertain, assess, compromise, conclude, de-
cide, decree, declare, deliver, determine, dispense justice,
PARTY (Litigant), noun adversary, appellant, appellee, draw a conclusion, establish, find, hold, interpret, judge,
challenger, charger, claimant, complainant, contender, moderate, negotiate, officially act, order, referee, resolve,
contestant, controversialist, defendant, disputant, inter- rule, umpire
vener, libelant, opposing party, petitioner, plaintiff, respon-
dent, suitor PASS UP, verb abandon, abdicate, abjure, abstain,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: adverse party, defect in parties, disin- avoid, cease, cede, deny oneself, desist from, dispense
terested party, indispensable party, jurisdiction of parties, with, disposed of, do without, drop, eschew, fast, forbear,
material party, mutuality of parties, necessary parties, forfeit, forgo, forswear, give up, give up on, go without,
nominal party, nonjoinder of parties, opposing party, party hold back, hold off, lay down, leave off, let alone, make do
in practice, prevailing party, proper party, real party in in- without, not use, refrain, release, relinquish, renounce, re-
terest, substantial party serve, resign, sacrifice, shun, surrender, waive, withhold,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Saepe constitutum est, res inter alios write off, yield, yield up
judicatas aliis non praejudicare. It has often been de- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: forgo interest owed, forgo opportunity
cided that matters adjudged between others ought not to
prejudice those who are not parties. PASSABLE, adjective acceptable, accessible, achiev-
able, admissible, allowable, approachable, bearable, beaten,
PARTY (Participant), noun attendant, cooperator, mem- broad, capable of passing, clear, crossable, easy, fair, fit for
ber, partaker, participator, partisan, partner, sharer travel, fordable, free, mediocre, middling, moderate, navi-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accommodation party, competent gable, open, ordinary, penetrable, pervious, presentable,
party, guilty party, injured party, innocent party, real party pretty good, reachable, realizable, receivable, serviceable,
in interest, third party tolerable, travelable, traveled, traversable, unimpeded, un-
obstructed, usable, within reach
PARTY (Political organization), noun association, body,
caucus, club, coalition, combine, confederation, faction, PASSION, noun agitation, anger, ardency, ardor, avid-
group, league, lobby, organized group, party machine, ity, craze, desire, eagerness, ecstasy, emotion, eruption,
political machine excitability, excitement, explosion, fanaticism, feeling,
ferment, fervency, fervor, fierceness, fire, frenzy, furor,
PASS (Advance), verb abalienatio, award, bequeath, fury, glow, gusto, heat, hunger, impetuosity, impulse, in-
cede, change, change ownership, communicate, confer fatuation, intensity, intoxication, ire, irresistible urge, itch,
ownership, continue, convey, cross, deliver over, devolve, lust, mania, rabidity, rage, rampage, rampancy, rapture,
endow, flow, go, go by, go on, go past, proceed, progress, storm, strong feeling, temper, thrill, transport, vehemence,
relay, remise, transfer ownership, transfer title, transgredi, vehement desire, verve, violence, violent anger, wrath, zeal
transire, transmit, transpire ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: heat of passion
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: pass by will, pass title
PASSIVE, adjective acquiescent, amenable, apathetic,
PASS (Approve), verb accede to, accept, acquiesce, calm, compliable, compliant, complying, concessive, con-
adopt, advocate, affirm, agree to, allow, approbate, assent, formable, docile, dormant, duteous, dutiful, enduring, fee-
authorize, be in favor of, carry, confirm, consent, declare ble, flexible, forbearant, heedless, indifferent, indolent, in-
lawful, decree, dictate, enact, endorse, establish, establish fluenced, irresolute, lamblike, languorous, malleable,
by law, favor, give approval, give legislative sanction to, nonresistant, nonresisting, obedient, obeisant, obsequious,
institute, institute by law, legalize, legislate, legitimize, otiose, phlegmatic, pliable, pliant, quiescent, receptive,
make into law, make legal, ordain, ordain by law, prescribe, recumbent, resigned, resistless, restrained, sequacious,
put in force, put into effect, put through, ratify, sanction, servile, subdued, subject, submissive, subordinate, subser-
support, sustain, uphold, validate, vote favorably, vote in vient, supine, supple, tame, tractable, unassertive, unde-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: pass a law monstrative, unopposing, unresistant, unresisting, yielding
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: passive negligence, passive tortfeasor
PASS (Determine), verb announce, decide, declare, de-
cree, deliver, deliver a judgment, determine, enunciate, PAST, adjective ancient, antediluvian, antiquated, ar-
give an opinion, impart, ordain, present, pronounce, pro- chaic, back, defunct, departed, elapsed, expired, forgotten,
nounce judgment, put forth, render a decision, render a former, gone, gone by, historical, irrecoverable, lapsed,
judgment, rule, set forth last, late, lost, no longer functioning, obsolete, old, out-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: pass judgment dated, outmoded, over, passed, previous, prior, quondam,
retired, unrecollected, unremembered
PASS (Satisfy requirements), verb accomplish, achieve, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: past consideration, past recollection
approbare, attain, be accepted, be graduated, be pro-
moted, be successful, be victorious, come up to the stan- PAST, noun ancient times, antecedence, anteriority,
dard, conform to, conquer, do well, earn, finish, fulfill, get antiquity, history, former time, former times, long ago, past

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 PATTERN

times, preexistence, previous time, previousness, retro- tenacious, tolerans, tolerant, tractable, tranquil, unceasing,
spection, the past, times past unchangeable, uncomplaining, uncompromising, undaunted,
understanding, undeviating, undiscouraged, undisturbed,
PAST DUE, adverb in arrears, in debt, in default, out- unfaltering, unflagging, unflinching, unmurmuring, unper-
standing, overdrawn, overdue turbed, unrelaxing, unrelenting, unremitting, unresisting,
unruffled, unshaken, unswerving, untiring, unvexed, unwav-
PATENT, adjective apertus, apparent, clarus, clear, con- ering, unwearied, unwearying, unyielding, yielding
spicuous, disclosed, discoverable, easy to be seen, evident,
exposed, exposed to view, free to all, glaring, in full view, PATIENT, noun aeger, aegrotus, case, convalescent, con-
in view, individual, manifest, manifestus, noticeable, ob- valescent case, hospital case, hospitalized person, ill individ-
servable, obvious, open, ostensible, overt, perceivable, ual, inmate, invalid, medical case, one seeking cure, one
perceptible, perspicuous, plain, plain to be seen, promi- seeking relief, one undergoing therapy, one undergoing
nent, public, published, revealed, standing out, uncamou- treatment, shut-in, sick individual, sick person, sickling, victim
flaged, unconcealed, undisguised, unhidden, unmasked, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: doctor-patient privilege
unobstructed, unshaded, unusual, visible, wide-open
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: patent ambiguity, patent danger, pat- PATROL, verb attend, be on the alert, be on the look-
ent defect, patent error out, be on the watch, circumire, cover, cover a beat, go the
rounds, guard, inspect, keep an eye on, keep guard, keep
PATENT, noun certificate of invention, diplomatis, ex- in view, keep vigil, keep watch, look out, march, monitor,
clusive license, exclusive privilege, exclusive right, exclu- observe, overlook, pace, perform sentry duty, police, pro-
sive title, governmental grant, grant, grant of authority, tect, reconnoiter, safeguard, scan, scout, stand guard, stand
legal right, license, permit, privilege, right, right to profits sentinel, superintend, sweep through, traverse, walk, walk
accruing, use and title a beat, watch
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: assignment of a patent, infringement
of a patent, patent license, patent right PATRON (Influential supporter), noun advocate, backer,
benefactor, champion, defender, endorser, favorer, financer,
PATERNAL, adjective ancestral, benevolent, benign, friend, guardian, helper, influential sponsor, investor, leader,
family, fatherlike, fatherly, kindly, parental, patriarchal, pat- patronus, philanthropist, promoter, sponsor, supporter,
rimonial, protective upholder

PATERNITY, noun ancestry, derivation, descent, father- PATRON (Regular customer), noun business contact,
hood, fathership, lineage, male parentage, origin, parent- buyer, client, consultor, consumer, customer, emptor, fre-
age, paternal parentage, progenitorship quenter, patronizer, prospective buyer, purchaser, shopper,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: paternity proceeding supporter, vendee
FOREIGN PHRASES: Filiatio non potest probari. Filiation can-
not be proved. Pater est quem nuptiae demonstrant. He PATRONAGE (Power to appoint jobs), noun advantage,
is the father whom the marriage points out. assistance, auctoritas, authority, backing, choice, control,
controlling power, directing agency, dominance, domina-
PATH, noun access, access path, access road, approach, tion, favor, good offices, gratia, indulgentia, influence, in-
avenue, channel, course, device, entrance, easement, foot- fluentiality, patrocinium, persuasion, position of influence,
path, ingress, means, method, passage, passageway, path- power, praesidium, predominance, preference, right of
way, right of way, road, roadway, route, street, trail, walk- choice, selection, sway
way, way
PATRONAGE (Support), noun aid, assistance, backing,
PATIENCE (Composure), noun acceptance, calm, compo- care, commendation, commercial backing, cordial assis-
sure, condonation, ease, equanimity, even temper, forbear- tance, countenance, encouragement, favor, friendly inter-
ance, forgiveness, imperturbability, indulgence, lenience, le- est, friendship, guardianship, guidance, help, influence, in-
niency, longanimity, moderation, passiveness, passivity, terest, protection, protectorship, recommendation, special
placidity, poise, refusal to be provoked, resignation, self- privileges, sponsorship, support, tutelage
control, self-possession, serenity, stoicism, sufferance, tem-
perament, temperance, tolerance, tranquility, understanding PATRONIZE (Condescend toward), verb assume a lofty
bearing, deign, favor, grant, indulge, look down on, lower
PATIENCE (Indefatigability), noun assiduousness, deter- oneself, oblige, talk down to, treat in a condescending way,
mination, diligence, firmness, persistence, pertinacity, quiet vouchsafe
perseverance, sedulity, staying power, tenacity of purpose
PATRONIZE (Trade with), verb be a customer of, buy
PATIENT, adjective acquiescent, agreeable, assiduous, from, deal with, do business with, favere, favor with one’s
calm, compliant, composed, constant, continuing, con- patronage, frequent, frequent as a customer, have dealings
trolled, decided, determined, diligent, docile, dogged, duti- with, purchase from, shop at, shop with, support, traffic
ful, easygoing, enduring, firm, forbearing, forgiving, hard with, transact business with, transact with, use
working, imperturbable, indefatigable, indulgent, lamblike,
levelheaded, long-suffering, longanimous, meek, mild, mild- PATTERN, noun antetype, archetype, basis, criterion, de-
tempered, nonresisting, pacific, passive, patiens, peaceable, sign, die, draft, example, exemplar, exemplum, form, guide,
perseverant, persevering, persistent, persisting, pertinacious, ideal, impression, layout, matrix, model, mold, norm, origi-
philosophic, placid, pliant, plodding, quiescent, quiet, qui- nal, outline, paradigm, paragon, plan, precedent, prototype,
etly persevering, reconciled, relentless, resigned, resolute, rule, sample, shape, specifications, specimen, standard, stan-
resolved, restrained, sedulous, self-controlled, serene, dard of criticism, standard of judgment, template, tracing
steadfast, steady, stoic, stoical, submissive, sympathetic, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: pattern jury instructions

481
 PAUCITY

PAUCITY, noun absence, bare subsistence, dearth, defi- PAYMENT (Act of paying), noun acquittal, acquittance,
ciency, deprivation, destitution, drought, exigency, exigu- amortization, amortizement, clearance, compensation, de-
ity, famine, fewness, finite quantity, fraction, inadequacy, frayal, defrayment, disbursement, discharge of a debt, expen-
infrequency, insufficiency, lack, limited amount, minimum, diture, liquidation, outlay, quittance, receipt in full, reckon-
minority, modicum, need, paucitas, pittance, poverty, pri- ing, recompense, reimbursement, remittance, restitution,
vation, rareness, scantiness, scantness, scarceness, scarcity, return, satisfaction, settlement, spending, subsidy
shortage, small number, small quantity, sparseness, spar-
sity, thinness, trickle, trifle, uncommonness, want PAYMENT (Remittance), noun allotment, allowance,
amount, charge, compensation, consideration, earnings,
PAUSE, noun abeyance, armistice, break, breather, emolument, expenditure, expense, fee, gratuity, guerdon,
breathing spell, cessation, deferment, delay, demur, demur- honorarium, indemnification, indemnity, money, pay, pre-
ral, disconnection, gap, halt, hesitance, hesitancy, hesitation, mium, quittance, recompense, reimbursement, remittance,
intercapedo, interim, interlude, intermissio, intermission, in- remuneration, reparation, restitution, salary, solatium, sti-
terruption, interval, intervallum, intervening period, lag, pend, tribute, wage
letup, lull, moratorium, procrastination, recess, relaxation, FOREIGN PHRASES: In satisfactionibus non permittitur am-
remission, respite, rest, rest period, space, standstill, stay, plius fieri quam semel factum est. In settlements, more
stillness, stoppage, suspension, time out, truce, vacation must not be received than was received once for all.
Reprobata pecunia liberat solventem. Money refused
PAUSE, verb be dubious, be irresolute, be uncertain, bide releases the debtor. Quicquid solvitur, solvitur secun-
time, break, breathe, cast anchor, cease, come to a standstill, dum modum solventis; quicquid recipitur, recipitur se-
consider, dally, dawdle, delay, deliberate, demur, desist, dis- cundum modum recipientis. Whatever money is paid, is
continue, dwell, forbear, halt, hang back, hesitate, hold back, paid according to the direction of the payor; whatever
hold off, intermit, intermittere, interrupt, linger, loiter, mark money is received, is received according to that of the re-
time, morari, put off, reflect, repose, rest, slacken, stall, stand cipient. Qui ignorat quantum solvere debeat, non potest
still, stay, stop and consider, straddle, suspend, take a improbus videre. He who does not know how much he
breather, take time out, tarry, think over, think twice, vacillate, ought to pay, cannot seem dishonest. Jus non patitur ut
wait, waver, weigh idem bis solvatur. Law does not suffer the same thing to
be twice paid. Bona fides non patitur ut bis idem exiga-
PAWN, verb bond, deposit, deposit as collateral, de- tur. Good faith does not allow us to demand the payment
posit as security, give as security, give in earnest, guaran- of the same thing twice.
tee, hypothecate, impignorate, mortgage, offer collateral,
pignerare, pledge, post, put at hazard, put at stake, put in PAYOFF (Payment in full), noun discharge, payout, sat-
pledge, risk, stake, wager isfaction in full, settlement

PAY, noun allowance, award, compensation, consider- PAYOFF (Result), noun closure, conclusion, consumma-
ation, defrayal, defrayment, earnings, emolument, fee, tion, determination, end, finale, finish
grant, hire, income, indemnity, meed, merces, monetary
return, payment, perquisite, profit, reckoning, recom- PAYROLL, noun allowance, compensation, disburse-
pense, reimbursement, remittance, remuneration, repay- ment of salary, employees’ earnings, employees’ salaries,
ment, return, revenue, reward, salary, settlement, sola- labor expense, list of paid employees, list of salaried em-
tium, stipend, stipendium, support, wages ployees, list of wages to be paid out, payment, payment for
services, recompense, remuneration, salary, stipend, wages
PAY, verb acquit, adjust, award, be a good investment, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: certification payroll, payroll check-off
be profitable, bear the cost, clear, compensate, contribute, system, payroll deduction, payroll tax
defray, deposit, disburse, discharge a debt, expend, finance,
foot, give payment, hand over, honor, indemnify, liquidate, PEACE, noun accord, adjustment of differences, agree-
make a good return, make compensation, make good, ment, alliance, amity, armistice, brotherhood, calm, calm-
make payment, make restitution, meet, numerare, pendere, ness, coexistence, community of interests, conciliation,
present, quit, ransom, reckon with, recompense, reimburse, concord, concordance, concordancy, concordia, consenta-
remunerate, render, reward, satisfy, settle, spend, square, neity, consentaneousness, cooperation, end of hostilities,
square accounts, subsidize, support, tender fellowship, fraternalism, freedom from war, friendliness,
friendship, good will, harmoniousness, harmony, hush, law
PAY DAMAGES, verb award damages, conclude, final- and order, lull, neutrality, oneness, order, orderliness,
ize, indemnify, make restitution, make whole, pay for inju- otium, pacification, pact, pax, quiescence, quiet, quietness,
ries sustained, pay for losses sustained, pay for the losses, rapport, reconciliation, repose, serenity, silence, stillness,
pay just compensation, pay the value of a case, recom- suspension of hostilities, tranquility, treaty, truce, unanim-
pense, remunerate, resolve, restitution, restoration, settle ity, unity
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: pay damages for defrauding investors ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: breach of the peace, disturbing the
peace, peace officer
PAYABLE, adjective collectable, due, justly claimable, FOREIGN PHRASES: Paci sunt maxime contraria vis et inju-
mature, maturing, outstanding, owing, redeemable, uncol- ria. Violence and injury are especially hostile to peace.
lected, unpaid, unsatisfied, unsettled
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accounts payable, bills payable, due PEACE OFFICER, noun arm of the law, civil officer, con-
and payable, payable to bearer, payable upon demand, sum stable, custodian of the law, detective, guard, guardian of
payable the peace, law enforcement agent, law officer, member of
the police force, officer, officer of the law, patrolman, po-
PAYEE, noun acceptor, assignee, consignee, devisee, lice, police constable, police officer, policeman, police-
donee, drawer, endorsee, grantee, recipient, taker, transferee woman, protector, security officer, sheriff

482
 PEDESTRIAN

PEACEABLE, adjective agreeable, amiable, amicable, PECULIAR (Distinctive), adjective atypical, characteris-
bloodless, calm, composed, contented, disposed to peace, tic, contrasted, contrasting, contrastive, deviating, differ-
easygoing, equable, forgiving, free from war, friendly, ent, differentiated, differing, disagreeing, discordant,
gentle, good-tempered, halcyon, halcyonian, imperturb- discrepant, disparate, dissimilar, dissonant, distinct, dis-
able, inoffensive, kindly, lamblike, mild, moderate, neutral, tinguishable, distinguished, divergent, exceptional, ex-
noncombative, orderly, pacific, pacificatory, pacifistic, pa- traordinary, idiosyncratic, in a different class, inconform-
tient, peace-loving, peaceful, peacelike, placabilis, placid, able, incongruent, incongruous, individual, marked,
placidus, quiescent, quiet, reasonable, restrained, satisfied, noteworthy, original, out of the ordinary, particular, sepa-
sedate, serene, slow to take offense, sober, still, tame, tem- rated, singular, special, uncommon, unconformable, un-
perate, tolerant, tranquil, unagitated, unanxious, unbelli- conforming, unequal, unimitated, unique, unlike, un-
cose, unbelligerent, uncontentious, undisturbed, unexcit- usual, variant
able, unexcited, unmilitant, unmoved, unpugnacious,
unresisting, unruffled, untroubled, well-disposed PECULIARITY, adjective atypical, characteristic, con-
trasted, contrasting, contrastive, deviating, different, dif-
PECCABLE, adjective bad, below par, blamable, blame- ferentiated, differing, disagreeing, discordant, discrepant,
worthy, censurable, culpable, defective, erring, exception- disparate, dissimilar, dissonant, distinct, distinctive, distin-
able, fallen, fallible, faulty, flawed, guilty, illaudable, imper- guishable, distinguished, divergent, exceptional, extraordi-
fect, inadequate, iniquitous, lacking, lax, less than perfect, nary, idiosyncratic, in a different class, incongruent, incon-
liable to err, liable to sin, objectionable, recreant, reprehen- gruous, individual, marked, one-of-a-kind, original,
sible, reprobate, tainted, twisted, unchaste, uncommend- particular, singular, special, uncommon, unconformable,
able, unheroic, unprincipled, unrighteous, unsound, unsta- unequal, unique, unlike all others, unusual, variant
ble, unvirtuous, virtueless, warped, wayward ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: peculiar susceptibilities

PECCANT (Culpable), adjective aberrant, accursed, ac- PECUNIARY, adjective budgetary, economic, economi-
cusable, amoral, astray, bad, base, blameful, blameworthy, cal, fiducial, fiduciary, financial, fiscal, monetary, numis-
censurable, chargeable, criminal, criminous, debauched, matical, nummary, pecuniarius, sumptuary
dishonest, erroneous, evil, execrable, faultful, fiendish, foul, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: pecuniary advantage, pecuniary dam-
full of mischief, guilty, guilty of transgression, heinous, ille- ages, pecuniary gain, pecuniary injury, pecuniary interest,
gal, immoral, impious, incorrigible, inexcusable, inexpiable, pecuniary legacy, pecuniary loss, pecuniary profit
infamous, iniquitous, intolerable, maleficent, maleficial, mer-
iting blame, mischievous, naughty, nefarious, offensive, PEDAGOGIC, adjective admonishing, admonitory, ad-
peccans, reprehensible, reprobate, scandalous, shameful, visory, cautionary, didactic, dogmatic, educational, enlight-
sinful, transgressing, trespassing, unforgivable, unjust, un- ening, holier-than-thou, instructive, moralistic, moralizing,
justifiable, unpardonable, unprincipled, unrighteous, unscru- preachy, prescriptive, self-righteous, sententious
pulous, unvirtuous, unworthy, vicious, vile, villainous,
wicked, without excuse, wretched, wrong, wrongful PEDAGOGUE, noun academician, advisor, classmaster,
don, educator, expounder, faculty member, governor, guide,
PECCANT (Unhealthy), adjective afflicting, contami- headmaster, inculcator, instructor, learned man, lecturer,
nated, corroding, corrosive, dangerous, deadly, deleterious, magister, man of letters, master, preceptor, professor, sage,
detrimental, disadvantageous, diseased, disserviceable, en- scholar, schoolman, schoolmaster, schoolteacher, teacher,
venomed, gravis, harmful, injurious, insalubrious, insalubris, trainer, tutor
lethal, malefic, maleficent, malignant, miasmal, morbid,
morbific, nocuous, noisome, noxious, perilous, pestilent, PEDANT, noun affecter, bluffer, closed-minded person,
poisoned, poisonous, septic, tainted, toxic, unfavorable to dogmatist, narrow-minded person, opinionated person,
health, unhygienic, unwholesome, venomous, virulent philosophaster, pretender, sciolist

PECULATE, verb appropriate criminally, appropriate PEDANTIC, adjective abstruse, academic, affected,
dishonestly, appropriate illegally, appropriate wrongfully, arid, bombastic, didactic, doctrinaire, donnish, egotistic,
bilk, cheat, cozen, deceive, defraud, divert, embezzle, mis- erudite, excessive moralizing, formal, fussy, grandiloquent,
appropriate, mulct, obtain money on false pretenses, obtain inflated, magniloquent, pompous, punctilious, recondite,
under false pretenses, pilfer, purloin, rob, steal, swindle rhetorical, stilted

PECULATION, noun bad repute, defalcation, embezzle- PEDESTRIAN, adjective arid, banal, barren, boresome,
ment, fraud, larceny, misapplication, misappropriation, boring, characterless, cold, colorless, commonplace, dead,
misuse, pilferage, pilfering, purloining, skimming, theft, deadly, diffuse, drab, drearisome, dreary, dry, dull, flat,
thieving graceless, hackneyed, heavy, humorless, inelegant, inferior,
insipid, jejune, lifeless, meaningless, mediocre, monoto-
PECULIAR (Curious), adjective aberrant, abnormal, ab- nous, ordinary, plain, platitudinous, plodding, pointless,
normous, alien, anomalistic, anomalistical, anomalous, as- ponderous, prosaic, prosy, soporific, spiritless, stale,
tonishing, bizarre, breaking with tradition, eccentric, for- stodgy, stuffy, tame, tasteless, tedious, tiresome, trite, una-
eign, inexplicable, irregular, little-known, mysterious, musing, uncaptivating, uncharming, unenlivened, unenter-
mystifying, odd, out of place, out of the ordinary, out of the taining, unimaginative, uninspiring, uninteresting, uninven-
way, outlandish, perplexing, preternatural, puzzling, queer, tive, unlively, unoriginal, unpoetical, unreadable,
rare, remarkable, signal, singular, startling, strange, super- unscintillating, unsparkling, unvaried, unvivid, unwitty,
natural, surprising, unaccountable, unaccustomed, unclassi- usual, wearisome
fied, unconformable, unconventional, uncustomary, unex-
ampled, unexpected, unfamiliar, unheard of, unimaginable, PEDESTRIAN, noun ambulator, foot passenger, foot trav-
unnatural, unorthodox, weird eler, marcher, peripatetic, roamer, rover, traveler afoot, walker

483
 PEER

PEER, noun associate, coequal, companion, compeer, proneness, propensio, propension, propensity, relish, spe-
competitor, comrade, contemporary, contender, corrival, cialty, specific aptness, specific quality, talent, tendency,
equal, equivalent, fellow, likeness, match, mate, opposite weakness
number, par, parallel, rival
PENDENCY, noun abeyance, adjournment, break, ces-
PEJORATIVE, adjective abusive, acrimonious, belittling, sation, continuance, discontinuity, halt, hiatus, interim,
blackening, calumnious, castigatory, censorious, critical, interlude, intermediate time, intermission, interregnum,
cynical, damaging, decrying, defamatory, denigrating, de- interruption, interval, intervening period, lapse, lull, mora-
nunciatory, depreciative, depreciatory, derisive, deroga- torium, pause, postponement, recess, respite, suspense,
tive, derogatory, detracting, disapproving, discourteous, suspension, temporary stop
disdainful, disparaging, disrespectful, faultfinding, harsh, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: pendency of an action, pendency of an
injurious, insulting, irreverent, scornful, severe, slighting, appeal
smearing, spiteful, uncomplimentary, underestimating,
unflattering, venomous, vilifying, vituperative PENDENT, adjective additional, adjunct, adscititious,
affinitive, allied to, ancillary, appurtenant, auxiliary, close,
PELLUCID, adjective apparent, clear, clear-cut, compre- closely connected, cognate, collateral, complementary,
hensible, crystalline, diaphanous, disclosed, easy to under- congeneric, congenerical, congenerous, connatural, corre-
stand, exoteric, explicit, express, hyaline, intelligible, lim- spondent, corresponding, equivalent, instar omnium,
pid, lucid, manifest, obvious, overt, palpable, patent, matching, much the same, quasi, secondary, similar, some-
pellucidus, plain, pure, recognizable, revealed, simple, thing like, subsidiary, supplemental
straightforward, transparent, unambiguous, unconcealed, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: pendent claim, pendent jurisdiction
understandable, undisguised, unhidden, unquestionable
PENDING (Imminent), adjective about to happen, an-
PENAL, adjective castigatory, containing a penalty, cor- ticipated, approaching, at hand, close, close at hand,
rective, disciplinary, enacting punishment, inflictive, coming, eventual, expectant, fearful, foreseen, foreshad-
mulctuary, poenalis, prohibiting, punishing, punitive, puni- owing, forthcoming, immediate, impending, instant,
tory, relating to a penalty, retaliatory, retributive looming, minacious, momentary, near, ominous, on the
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: penal action, penal bond, penal law, horizon, oncoming, overhanging, prospective, threaten-
penal ordinances, penal statute ing, upcoming
FOREIGN PHRASES: In haeredes non solent transire actiones ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: pending action, pending case, pend-
quae poenales ex maleficio sunt. Actions which are ing cause, pending claim, pending proceeding
penal and which arise out of anything of criminal nature do
not pass to the heirs. PENDING (Unresolved), adjective in a state of uncer-
tainty, in abeyance, in question, indefinite, indeterminate,
PENALIZE, verb amerce, avenge, bring to account, call open to discussion, open to question, still in debate, sus-
to account, carry out a sentence, castigate, chastise, con- penseful, unascertained, uncertain, unclear, unconcluded,
fiscate, correct, discipline, exact a penalty, exact retribu- undecided, under consideration, undetermined, unfixed,
tion, execute a sentence, execute judgment, fine, forfeit, unsettled, unsolved
harm, hurt, impose a penalty, inflict a penalty, inflict pun-
ishment, mulct, punish, put at a disadvantage, rebuke, PENETRABLE, adjective able to be pierced, absorbent,
reprimand, reprove, retaliate, revenge, sentence, subject accessible, agape, ajar, assailable, attackable, conquerable,
to a handicap, subject to penalty, subject to punishment, dehiscent, foraminated, foraminous, gaping, open, opened,
visit punishment passable, penetrabilis, perforable, perforated, permeable,
pervious, pervius, porous, pregnable, receptive, riddled, sus-
PENALTY, noun amercement, castigation, compulsory ceptible, unclosed, vincible, vulnerable, wide open, yawning
payment, cost, deprivation, disadvantage, disciplinary ac-
tion, fine, forefeiture, forfeit, handicap, infliction, liability, PENETRATE, verb absorb, bore, break into, burst in
loss, multa, onus, penal retribution, penance, poena, pre- upon, cut through, empierce, enter, erupt, fill, filter in,
scribed punishment, punishment, punishment fixed by law, flow in, force a passage, give entrance to, go through,
punishment prescribed by law, reprisal, retributive justice, gore, imbrue, impale, impregnate, infiltrate, inflow, inject,
sconce, sentence insert, interfuse, lance, leak into, leaven, make a passage,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: action for penalty, civil penalty, confis- osmose, overspread, pass, penetrare, perforate, perme-
catory penalty, criminal penalty, excessive penalty, penalty ate, pervade, pervadere, pierce, pour in, prick, probe,
clause, penalty for forfeiture, subject to penalty puncture, riddle, run through, saturate, seep in, sink in,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Quod a quoque poenae nomine exactum skewer, slip into, soak through, spear, spike, stab, suffuse,
est id eidem restituere nemo cogitur. No one is com- tincture, transpierce, tunnel
pelled to restore that which has been exacted as a penalty.
PENITENT, adjective apologetic, atoning, awakened,
PENALTY PHASE, noun postjudgment phase, postliabil- chastened, compunctious, conciliatory, conscience-smitten,
ity phase of trial, posttrial sentencing, punishment phase, conscience-stricken, contrite, expiatory, full of regrets,
sentencing in bifurcated trial humble, making amends, penitential, piacular, plagued by
conscience, propiatory, purgatorial, reformed, regenerate,
PENCHANT, noun affinity, appetite, ardor, attachment, regretful, remorseful, repentant, rueful, self-accusing,
attraction, bent, bias, capacity, competence, direction, dispo- self-condemned, self-convicted, self-reproachful, sobered,
sition, eagerness, enthusiasm, fancy, fondness, gravitation, sorrowful, sorry
inborn ability, inclinatio, inclination, innate ability, leaning,
liking, partiality, particular aptitude, passion, polarity, predi- PENITENT, noun confessor, conscience-smitten per-
lection, predisposition, preference, prejudice, proclivity, son, conscience-stricken person, contrite person, penance

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doer, reformed character, remorseful person, repentant PERCEIVABLE, adjective apparent, appearing, appre-
person, shriver ciable, apprehensible, before one’s eyes, beholdable, bold,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: priest-penitent privilege clear, cognizable, detectable, discernible, disclosed, discov-
erable, distinct, distinguishable, easy to see, evident, exo-
PENITENTIARY, noun cell, detention camp, detention teric, explicit, exposed, exposed to view, express, glaring,
center, house of correction, house of detention, jail, jail- in evidence, in full view, in plain sight, in sight, in view,
house, lockup, penal colony, penal institution, penal settle- knowable, macroscopic, manifest, naked, notable, notice-
ment, place of confinement, place of detention, place of able, observable, obvious, open, open to view, overt, pal-
imprisonment, prison, prisonhouse, reformatory pable, patent, perceptible, perspicuous, plain, plain to be
seen, prominent, recognizable, remarkable, revealed, sa-
PENSION, noun allotment, allowance, annua, annual lient, seeable, showing, sighted, tangible, transparent, un-
allowance, annuity, compensation, emolument, endow- clouded, unconcealed, unhidden, unmistakable, viewable,
ment, fee, financial remuneration, grant, grant for support, visible, visual, well-defined, well-marked
grant in aid, payment, pecuniary aid, remittance, remunera- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: last clear chance, latent defect, patent
tion, retirement benefits, retirement income, specified in- defect
come payable for life, stated maintenance, stipend, subsidi-
zation, subsidy, subvention, support PERCEIVE, verb apperceive, appreciate, apprehend,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: pension act, pension and benefit fund, awaken, be acquainted with, be apprised of, be attentive
pension benefits to, be aware of, be cognizant of, be conscious of, be in-
formed of, be sensitive to, become aware of, become
PENSIVE, adjective absorbed, abstracted, attentive, cal- conscious of, cognize, cognoscere, come to know, compre-
culating, concentrating, contemplative, deliberative, dream- hend, detect, discern, discover, discriminate, distinguish,
ing, dreamy, engrossed, full of thought, given to thought, in espy, experience, externalize, familiarize oneself, feel, gain
cogitatione defixus, introspective, meditative, museful, mus- insight into, give attention to, have cognizance of, have
ing, obsessed, occupied, rapt, ratiocinative, ratiocinatory, knowledge of, ken, know, learn, make out, mark, note,
reasoning, reflective, ruminant, ruminative, self-communing, notice, observe, percipere, react, realize, recognize, regard,
serious, sober, speculative, studious, thoughtful, wistful see, sense, sentire, take notice, understand, witness
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: perceive a product defect, perceive
PENUMBRA, noun brink, cover, edge, fringe, margin, danger
outskirt, reflection, shade, shadow
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: penumbra of a constitutional amend- PERCENTAGE, noun allotment, commission, contingent,
ment factorage, fraction, interest, moiety, part, percent, portion,
proportion, quota, rate per hundred, ratio, ration, share
PENURIOUS, adjective chary, cheap, churlish, close,
close-fisted, close-handed, frugal, greedy, grudging, illib- PERCEPTIBLE, adjective apparent, apprehensible, ascer-
eral, impoverished, in distress, in need, in want, indigent, tainable, beholdable, clear, clearly defined, clearly marked,
mean, mercenary, miserly, needy, niggard, niggardly, non- cognizable, comprehensible, defined, detectable, discernible,
paying, parsimonious, penniless, petty, poverty-stricken, disclosed, discoverable, distinct, distinguishable, easy to be
saving, selfish, shabby, sordid, sparing, stingy, tenax, un- seen, evident, explicit, exposed, exposed to view, express,
generous, unwilling to pay, venal glaring, in bold relief, in evidence, in full view, in plain sight,
in sight, in view, indubitable, knowable, macroscopic, mani-
PEOPLE, noun citizenry, commonality, community, fest, manifestus, marked, naked, notable, noticeable, observ-
community at large, country, cultures, general public, able, obvious, open, open to view, overt, palpable, patent,
humanity, inhabitants, multitude, nation, national group, perceivable, perspicuous, plain, prominent, recognizable,
nationality, persons, populace, population, race, society, revealed, salient, seeable, showing, shown, sighted, tangible,
state unconcealed, understandable, unhidden, unmistakable, view-
able, visible, visual, well-defined, well-marked
PER ANNUM, adverb annually, at a fixed interval, on
the anniversary, on the basis of a year, yearly PERCEPTION, noun ability to make distinctions, acuity,
acumen, acuteness, apperception, appraisal, appreciation,
PER CAPITA, adverb allocated, an equal percentage, apprehension, ascertainment, assessment, astuteness, at-
each to each, per head, percentage, pro rata, proportion- tention, awareness, clear sight, cleverness, cognition,
ately, respectively, share and share alike, to each according cognizance, comprehension, consciousness, deduction,
to his share detection, determination, discernment, discovery, dis-
criminating judgment, discrimination, espial, estimate,
PER DIEM, preposition per day, for each and every day, evaluation, field of vision, finding, grasp, idea, image, im-
for each day, for every day pression, inkling, insight, iudicium, judgment, keen sight,
keeness, mental image, mental impression, mentis acies,
PERAMBULATE, verb amble, circle, circumambulate, mindfulness, noesis, note, notice, notion, observation,
course, cover, cross, go around, go for a walk, go on an penetration, percipience, perspicaciousness, perspicacity,
outing, go on foot, hike, jaunt, journey, make rounds, point of view, quick sense, realization, recognition, regard,
march, meander, pace, pass, pass through, patrol, pedestri- sagaciousness, sagacitas, sagacity, scrutiny, sense, sensi-
anize, peragrare, peregrinate, perlustrare, pervagari, prom- bility, sensory experience, sharp sight, sharpness, shrewd-
enade, prowl, ramble, range, reconnoiter, roam, rove, ness, sight, smartness, supposition, surmise, theory, un-
saunter, scour, stalk, step, stride, stroll, strut, sweep through, derstanding, view, viewpoint, visualization
take a constitutional, take a walk, take an airing, tour, tramp,
travel, traverse, tread, trek, trudge, walk, walk through, PERCEPTIVE, adjective acute, apperceptive, apprehen-
wander sive, astute, aware, cognitive, cognizant, comprehending,

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conscious, discerning, discriminating, discriminative, easily pinnacle, pinpoint precision, preeminence, quintessence,
affected, feeling, impressible, impressionable, keen, know- realization, refinement, summit, superiority, transcendence,
ing, mindful, percipient, perspicacious, quick of apprehen- ultimate, wholeness
sion, receptive, responsive, sagax, sensible, sensitive, sen- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: perfection of a lien
tient, sharp, shrewd, understanding, wise
PERFERVID, adjective burning, exceedingly ardent,
PERCIPIENT, adjective acquainted, acute, appercep- impassioned, on fire, overly passionate, too zealous
tive, astute, au courant, bright, brilliant, circumspect, cog-
nizant, conscious, discerning, discriminating, informed, PERFIDIOUS, adjective base, betraying, cheating, con-
keen, knowing, knowledgeable, perceptive, reasonable, niving, corrupt, deceitful, deceiving, designing, dishonest,
supraliminal, understanding, vigilant, watchful dishonorable, disloyal, disobedient, dissembling, double-
crossing, double-dealing, faithless, false, falsehearted,
PEREMPTORY (Absolute), adjective actual, axiomatic, fraudulent, guileful, hypocritical, inconstant, insidious, in-
certain, complete, decided, decisive, definite, determi- triguing, knavish, lying, perfidiosus, perfidus, perjured,
nate, determined, express, final, imperious, implicit, in- plotting, scheming, shifty, slippery, sneaking, sneaky, trai-
controvertible, independent, overbearing, perfect, posi- torous, treacherous, treasonable, treasonous, tricky, troth-
tive, real, resolute, resolved, self-existent, total, less, unconscionable, undependable, unfaithful, unprinci-
unalterable, unconditional, unconditioned, unequivocal, pled, unreliable, unscrupulous, untrue, untrustworthy,
unlimited, unqualified, unquestionable, unrestricted, with- untruthful, without honor
out limitation
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: peremptory adjournment, peremp- PERFIDY, noun adultery, betrayal, deceit, deception,
tory challenge, peremptory exception, peremptory plea, disloyalty, double-crossing, double-dealing, faithlessness,
peremptory writ falseness, falsity, inconstancy, lying, treachery, treason,
unfaithfulness, unreliability, wickedness
PEREMPTORY (Imperative), adjective assertive, authori-
tative, commanding, compulsory, crucial, decisive, de- PERFORM (Adhere to), verb abide by, achieve, be faithful
manding, despotic, dictatorial, domineering, essential, exi- to, carry into execution, carry out, cling to, complete, comply
gent, firm, imperious, important, inexorable, inflexible, with, conclude, consummate, enact, end, enforce, execute,
iron-handed, mandatory, necessary, obligatory, paramount, finish, fulfill, keep, keep one’s word, observe, obtain, practice,
pressing, unavoidable, urgent put in force, put in practice, respect, satisfy, transact
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: peremptory instruction ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: perform a contract

PEREMPTORY CHALLENGE, noun absolute challenge, PERFORM (Execute), verb accomplish, achieve, bring
arbitrary challenge, axiomatic challenge, certain challenge, into operation, bring to pass, carry into execution, com-
challenge as of right, challenge within prerogative, conclu- plete, discharge, discharge a duty, do, effect, effectuate,
sive challenge, decision challenge, discretionary challenge, employ oneself, enact, function, perficere, perpetrate, pur-
final determining challenge, guaranteed challenge, objec- sue a course, put in force, serve, serve in the capacity of,
tion as of right, positive challenge, rejection as of right, take action, take steps, work
right to eliminate jurors, self-determined challenge, un-
perative challenge, unrestricted challenge PERFORMANCE (Execution), noun accomplished fact,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: challenge for cause accomplishment, achievement, act, action, attainment, car-
rying into effect, carrying through, commission, comple-
PERFECT, adjective absolute, best, classic, consum- tion, consummation, culmination, deed, enactment, fin-
mate, excellent, exception, extraordinary, fabulous, fault- ished product, fulfilment, implementation, operation,
less, fine, flawless, great, ideal, immaculate, impeccable, perpetration, production, realization, rendition, work
inerrant, infallible, irreproachable, masterly, prime, seam- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: full performance, impossibility of per-
less, superb, ultimate, unblemished, uninjured formance, partial performance, performance bond, preven-
tion of performance
PERFECT, verb absolvere, accomplish, bring to a conclu- FOREIGN PHRASES: Non quod dictum est, sed quod factum
sion, bring to an end, bring to completion, bring to fullness, est inspicitur. Not what is said, but what is done, is to be
carry out, complete, conclude, consummate, correct, cul- regarded. Lex non cogit ad impossibilia. The law does
minate, cumulare, effectuate, execute, finish, follow to a not require the performance of the impossible.
conclusion, perficere, refine
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: perfect a security interest, perfect an PERFORMANCE (Workmanship), noun ability, accom-
appeal, perfect a title plishment, achievement, action, aptitude, aptness, ars, art,
artfulness, artificium, attainment, caliber, capability, capac-
PERFECT STORM, noun apocalypse, Armageddon, ca- ity, competence, competency, composition, construction,
lamity, cataclysm, catastrophe, disaster, eradication, extinc- craft, craftsmanship, creation, dexterity, effort, endow-
tion, great downfall, great misfortune, hardship, havoc, in- ment, exhibition, expertness, faculty, finesse, formation,
fliction, obliteration, upheaval, worst-case scenario forte, handicraft, handiness, handiwork, ingenuity, manipu-
lation, manufacture, mastership, mastery, operation, opus,
PERFECTION, noun accomplishment, achievement, at- play, preparation, production, proficiency, qualification,
tainment, climax, completeness, completion, consumma- quality of execution, quality of work, representation, show,
tion, correctness, crown, crowning point, culmination, skill, skillfulness, talent, technique, virtuosity, work, work-
development, effectuation, elaboration, entireness, exacti- ing ability
tude, exactness, excellence, faultlessness, finish, flawless-
ness, fulfillment, fullness, goodness, height, highest degree PERFUNCTORY, adjective absent-minded, abstracted,
of proficiency, idealization, impeccability, paragon, peak, apathetic, below par, careless, casual, cursory, deficient,

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disinterested, dispassionate, disregardful, failing, formal, half- PERISH, verb be annihilated, be destroyed, be eradicated,
hearted, hasty, heedless, hollow, hurried, ill-done, imperfect, be extinguished, be null and void, be ruined, become extinct,
inadequate, inattentive, incautious, incomplete, indifferent, cease, cease living, cease to be, cease to exist, cease to live,
inexact, insubstantial, lacking, lax, lenient, lukewarm, me- come to an end, come to naught, come to ruin, crumble,
chanical, mindless, needing, neglectful, negligent, offhand, depart, die, die away, die out, disappear, evanesce, evapo-
omitting, passionless, poor, poorly done, quick, regardless, rate, expire, fade, fade away, fade out, fail, go, interire, leave
remiss, requiring, routine, rushed, short, sketchy, speedy, no trace, lose life, meet death, melt away, pass, pass away,
substandard, superficial, thoughtless, unattended to, uncar- pass on, perire, peter out, relinquish life, render null, sink
ing, unconcerned, undiscerning, unenthusiastic, unexam- away, succumb, surrender, vanish, wilt, wither
ined, unfeeling, unguarded, unheeded, unheedful, unheed-
ing, uninspired, uninterested, uninvolved, unmindful, PERJURE, verb be false, be untruthful, bear false witness,
unobservant, unregarded, unresponsive, unstudied, un- break one’s oath, break one’s word, deviate from the truth,
thinking, unthorough, unthought of, unwatchful, un- falsify, falsify testimony, feign, forswear, hide the truth, lie,
weighed, wanting, without concern, without enthusiasm misrepresent, palter, periurare, periurium facere, put a false
construction upon, say less than the truth, speak falsely,
PERIL, noun approach of danger, crisis, danger, danger- strain the truth, stretch the truth, swear falsely, tell a false-
ous situation, desperate situation, emergency, endanger- hood, tell a lie, trump up, utter a falsehood
ment, exposure to danger, exposure to destruction, exposure
to harm, exposure to injury, exposure to loss, hazard, help- PERJURY, noun act of oath-breaking, distortion of the
lessness, hopelessness, imperilment, insecurity, jeopardy, li- truth, false statement, false swearing, falsehood, falseness,
ability to injury, parlous state, precariousness, predicament, falsification, intentional misstatement, invention of lies,
risk, source of danger, source of risk, susceptibility, suscepti- misrepresentation, misstatement, periurium, perversion of
bleness, susceptivity, threat, uncertainty, unhealthy situation, truth, prevarication, untruth, violation of an oath, willful
unsafety, unsureness, vulnerability, vulnerable point distortion of the truth, willful falsehood, willful telling of a
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: common peril, discovered peril, doc- falsehood, willful telling of a lie
trine of discovered peril, doctrine of last clear chance, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: subornation of perjury
manifest peril, unforeseen peril FOREIGN PHRASES: Lex punit mendacium. The law punishes
mendacity. Perjuri sunt qui servatis verbis juramenti
PERIMETER, noun ambit, border, borderline, boundary, decipiunt aures eorum qui accipiunt. They are perjured,
bounds, brink, circuit, circumference, compass, configuration, who, preserving the words of an oath, deceive the ears of
confines, contour, curb, delineation, edge, enclosure, frontier, those who receive it. Sacramentum si fatuum fuerit, licet
girdle, limit, limitations, margin, outline, outside edge, pale, falsum, tamen non committit perjurium. A foolish oath,
periphery, purview, range, zone although false, does not give rise to perjury. Qui non libere
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: adverse possession, constructive evic- veritatem pronunciat proditor est veritatis. He who
tion, metes and bounds, trespassing does not freely speak the truth is a betrayer of the truth.

PERIOD, noun age, bout, continuance, course, diutur- PERMANENT, adjective abiding, ageless, ceaseless,
nity, duration, eon, epoch, era, hitch, interval, juncture, changeless, chronic, confirmed, constant, continued, continu-
length of time, limited time, point, season, shift, span, ing, dateless, deep-seated, durable, endless, enduring, en-
spell, stage, stint, stretch, tenure, term, time, time interval, grafted, entrenched, established, eternal, everlasting, fast,
time stretch, tour, while fixed, immortal, immutable, imperishable, incommutable, in-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: period of redemption defatigable, indefeasible, indelible, indestructible, ineradica-
ble, inextinguishable, infinite, ingrained, insusceptible to
PERIODIC, adjective cadenced, cadent, continual, cy- change, interminable, intransient, intransmutable, invulnera-
clic, cyclical, erratic, fluctuating, frequent, habitual, inter- ble, irremovable, irreversible, irrevocable, lasting, long-last-
mittent, measured, occasional, occurring again, oft-re- ing, never-ceasing, never-ending, never-stopping, nonrevers-
peated, oftentime, patterned, perpetual, reappearing, ible, perdurable, perduring, perennial, perennis, perpetual,
recurrent, recurring, regular, regulated, remittent, re- perpetuated, persevering, persistent, persisting, preserved,
peated, returning, returning at intervals, rhythmic, rhythmi- radicated, remaining, reverseless, rooted, secure, sempiter-
cal, seasonal, serial, sollemnis, spasmodic, sporadic, suc- nal, set, stabilis, stable, static, stationary, staying, steadfast,
cessive, systematic, variable steady, surviving, sustained, tenacious, unalterable, un-
ceasing, unchangeable, unchanging, unchecked, undestroy-
PERIPHERAL, adjective beside the point, circumferen- able, undying, unending, unerasable, unfading, unfailing, un-
tial, collateral, exterior, external, extraneous, farthest, flagging, uninterrupted, unmodifiable, unmovable,
fringe, impertinent, inconsequential, inessential, irrelevant, unrepealable, unshifting, unvarying, unwavering, unyielding,
on the edge, outer, outermost, outland, outlying, outmost, without end
outside, perimetric, perimetrical, secondary, trivial, unger-
mane, unimportant, without PERMEATE, verb bathe, diffuse, drench, fill, go through,
imbue, impregnate, infiltrate, infuse, inject, interpenetrate,
PERIPHERY, noun ambit, border, borderland, bound, leaven, osmose, overrun, overspread, pass through, pene-
boundary line, circuit, circumambiency, circumference, cir- trate, percolate, pervade, run through, saturate, seep, soak,
cumscription, compass, confine, contour, delimitation, de- souse, spread through, steep, suffuse, transfuse, wash,
marcation, edge, end, exterior, extreme edge, fringe, waterlog
frontier, limit, limitation, line of demarcation, march, mar-
gin, mete, outer boundary, outer part, outline, outpost, PERMISSIBLE, adjective according to law, admissible,
outside, outside surface, outskirts, pale, perimeter, perimet- allowable, allowed, amenable to law, approvable, ap-
ros, purlieu, rim, skirts, surrounding area, surrounding proved, authorized, constitutional, empowered, fitting,
space, terminus, verge franchised, granted, lawful, legal, legally sound, legitimate,

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licensed, licet, licit, licitus, permitted, proper, sanctioned, produce, put into action, put into effect, take measures,
sanctioned by law, stamped with approval, sufferable, tol- transact, work, work out
erable, unchallenged, unforbidden, unprohibited, viable, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: perpetrate a crime
warrantable, within the law
PERPETUAL, adjective adsiduus, amaranthine, cease-
PERMISSION, noun acquiescence, allowance, approval, less, chronic, constant, continuous, deathless, endless, en-
assent, authority, authorization, blessing, concurrence, con- during, eternal, ever-abiding, everlasting, fixed, having no
sent, copia, countenance, facultas, formal consent, full au- limit, immortal, imperishable, impossible to stop, incessant,
thority, grace, leave, license, potestas, sanction, tolerance, indelible, indestructible, ineradicable, inexhaustible, infi-
visa nite, interminable, intransient, lasting, never-ceasing,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: explicit permission, implied permis- never-dying, never-fading, never-failing, never-stopping,
sion, permission of the court perdurable, perennis, permanent, perpetuated, persistent,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Tout ce que la loi ne defend pas est per- sempiternal, sempiternus, stable, surviving, unceasing,
mis. Everything which the law does not prohibit is allowed. undestroyable, unending, unerasable, unfading, unfailing,
uninterrupted, unlimited, unrepealable, without end
PERMISSIVE, adjective acquiescent, allowing, broad- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: perpetual easement, perpetual franchise,
minded, complaisant, discretional, granting, indulgent, perpetual injunction, perpetual lease, perpetual lien,
lenient, liberal, mild, nonprohibitive, tolerant, tolerating, perpetual succession
volitive, yielding FOREIGN PHRASES: Perpetua lex est nullam legem huma-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: permissive counterclaim, permissive nam ac positivam perpetuam esse, et clausula quae
joinder, permissive statute, permissive use abrogationem excludit ab initio non valet. It is a per-
petual law that no human and positive law can be perpet-
PERMIT, noun affirmation, approbation, approval, au- ual, and a clause in a law which precludes the power of
thority, authorization, carte blanche, certificate, charter, abrogation or repeal is void from the beginning.
confirmation, document granting permission, fiat, grant,
leave, legalization, license, pass, passport, patent, permis- PERPETUATE, verb carry forward, carry on, cause to be
sion, privilege, sanction, ticket of leave, visa, voucher, war- continued, cause to endure, cause to last, eternize, immor-
rant talize, keep alive, keep in existence, maintain, make eternal,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: license make everlasting, make last, make permanent, make per-
petual, preserve, prolong, render deathless, retain, save,
PERMIT, verb accord one’s approval, agree to, allow, sustain
approve, approve of, assent, authorize, award assent, be in ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: perpetuate testimony
favor of, be indulgent of, confer a privilege, consent, em-
power, enable, entitle, facilitate, give clearance, give con- PERPETUITY, noun boundlessness, ceaselessness, con-
sent, give leave, give opportunity for, give permission, give stancy, constant progression, continualness, continuance,
power, grant permission, have no objection, let, license, continuation, continued existence, continuous time, contin-
make possible, remove the obstacles, sanction, suffer, tol- uousness, endless duration, endless time, endlessness,
erate, warrant, yield assent eternalness, eternity, everlasting, forever, incessancy, in-
definiteness, infinite duration, infiniteness, infinity, intermi-
PERNICIOUS, adjective adverse, affliciting, baleful, nability, never-endingness, perenniality, permanence, per-
baneful, brutal, calamitous, catastrophic, corrosive, crip- petualness, perpetuation, perpetuitas, time without end,
pling, cruel, damaging, deadly, death-bringing, death- timelessness, unintermitted continuance, uninterrupted ex-
dealing, deathful, deathly, deleterious, destructive, detri- istence, uninterruptedness
mental, devouring, diabolic, dire, disadvantageous, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: after-born children, in perpetuity, lives
disastrous, disserviceable, distressing, envenomed, evil, in being, period of perpetuities, restraint on alienation, rule
exitiosus, extirpative, fatal, fell, fiendish, fraught with evil, against perpetuities
fraught with harm, harmful, hurtful, inimical, injurious, insa-
lubrious, insidious, killing, lethal, malefic, maleficent, male- PERPLEX, verb baffle, bedevil, bemuse, beset, bewilder,
ficial, malevolent, malign, malignant, menacing, mephitic, bother, complicate, confound, confuse, corner, discompose,
mischievous, morbiferous, morbific, mortal, murderous, disconcert, disorient, disquiet, distrahere, disturb, embar-
nocent, noisome, painful, perniciosus, pestiferous, pestilen- rass, encumber, entangle, fill with doubt, fog, involve, make
tial, poisonous, ruinous, serious, sinister, tending to cause difficult, make intricate, mix up, muddle, mystify, nonplus,
death, toxic, toxicant, toxiferous, treacherous, unhealthful, perturb, pose, pother, puzzle, rattle, render uncertain, snarl,
unhealthy, unkind, unpropitious, unwholesome, venom- sollicitare, tangle, tease, trouble, unsettle, upset, vex, worry
ous, vicious, violent, virulent, wicked
PERQUISITE, noun allowance, annuity, benefaction,
PERORATION, noun address, bombast, declamation, bonus, compensation, consideration, donation, emolument,
discourse, epilogus, formal speech, grandiloquence, hom- endowment, fee, financial remuneration, financial reward,
ily, lecture, magniloquence, monologue, oration, oratorical gain, gift, gratuity, incidental profits, payment, premium,
display, orotundity, peroratio, prelection, prepared speech, present, profit, recompense, remuneration, return, revenue,
public address, recitation, rhetorical discourse, sermon, reward, reward for service, stipend, subsidy, tip, token, wage
soliloquy, speech, talk
PERSECUTE, verb abuse, afflict, aggrieve, agonize,
PERPETRATE, verb accomplish, achieve, be guilty of, annoy, assail, attack, badger, be intolerant, be malevolent,
bring about, bring to pass, carry into execution, carry off, be malicious, be offensive, be ruthless, bedevil, beset,
carry on, carry out, carry through, commit, committere, do, bother, browbeat, bully, carp at, chevy, crucify, damage,
effect, effectuate, execute, follow through, fulfill, imple- distress, disturb, do an injustice to, do harm, do mischief,
ment, impose, inflict, maneuver, manipulate, perform, do violence, do wrong to, dragoon, endamage, enrage,

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harass, ill-treat, ill-use, inflict evil, injure, maltreat, man- human race, mortal, mortal body, mortalis, party, person-
handle, misemploy, mishandle, mistreat, misuse, offend, age, somebody, someone, soul
oppress, outrage, overburden, overtax, overwork, plague, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: adult person, artificial person, compe-
provoke, refuse to tolerate, scathe, scourge, show no tent person, credible person, disorderly person, fictitious
mercy, show no pity, torment, treat poorly, trouble, use person, injured person, natural person, person aggrieved,
dispiteously, vexare, victimize, wrong person in need of supervision, poor person, third person,
unauthorized person
PERSECUTOR BAR, noun bar to asylum for a persecu-
tor, prohibition on asylum for a persecutor, prohibition on PERSON OF INTEREST, noun an individual the subject
asylum when persecution on account of belonging to a of investigation, individual under investigation, potential
social group occurred, prohibition on asylum when perse- suspect, suspicious person not arrested, suspicious person
cution on account of national origin occurred, prohibition not charged
on asylum when persecution on account of political opinion
occurred, prohibition on asylum when persecution on ac- PERSONAL (Individual), adjective characteristic, differ-
count of race occurred, prohibition on asylum when perse- entiating, discriminative, distinct, distinguishing, idiosyn-
cution on account of religion occurred cratic, own, particular, peculiar, private, select, specific
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: personal action, personal appearance,
PERSEVERANCE, noun application, backbone, con- personal communication, personal covenant, personal ef-
stancy, continuance, continuation, determination, devo- fects, personal estate, personal exemption, personal ex-
tion, diligence, doggedness, endurance, firmness of pur- penses, personal goods, personal injury, personal judg-
pose, indefatigableness, industry, intransigency, obduracy, ment, personal jurisdiction, personal liability, personal
obduration, obstinacy, patience, persistence, pertinacity, obligation, personal privilege, personal property, personal
purpose, resoluteness, resolve, single-mindedness, single- representative, personal rights, personal safety, personal
ness of purpose, stamina, steadfastness, steadiness, stub- service of process, personal services, personal transaction,
bornness, tenacity, tolerance, will, zeal personally responsible

PERSEVERE, verb adhere, apply oneself, be constant, PERSONAL (Private), adjective buried, clandestine,
be determined, be obstinate, be resolute, be steadfast, be closed, concealed, confidential, covert, cryptic, hidden, in-
steady, be stubborn, be tenacious, be unyielding, carry on, timate, privatus, privy, restricted, secret, singular, subjec-
cling, cling tenaciously, constare, continue, endure, exert tive, undisclosed, unrevealed, unshared, untold, veiled
oneself, follow up, go forward, go on, hang on, hold fast, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: personal articles, personal belongings
hold on, hold out, keep driving, keep going, keep on,
keep up, labor, last, maintain, maintain a course, outlast, PERSONALITY, noun attributes, being, character, char-
perpetuate, persist, persistere, perstare, plod, plug away, acteristics, disposition, distinction, distinctiveness, ego-
prevail, prolong, pursue, refuse to give up, refuse to yield, hood, identity, individualism, individuality, ingenium,
remain, resist change, run on, spare no effort, stand fast, makeup, nature, oneness, originality, particularity, pecu-
stand firm, stay, stick to, stop at nothing, struggle, sur- liarities, personal identity, personal mark, predisposition,
vive, sustain, take no denial, toil, work unceasingly, work selfhood, selfness, singularity, soul, style, temperament,
unflaggingly traits, type, uniqueness

PERSIST, verb abide, be determined, be obstinate, be PERSONALTY, noun assets, available means, belong-
resolute, be steadfast, be steady, be tenacious, be unyield- ings, chattels, effects, funds, holdings, investments, per-
ing, bide, carry on, cling to, continue, drag on, endure, go sonal property, personal resources, possessions, property,
forward, go on, hold fast, hold on, hold out, insist, keep at, resources, wealth
keep on, last, linger, live on, maintain, make headway,
never cease, outlast, perdure, persevere, persistere, per- PERSONHOOD LAWS, noun abortion ban, fetal pro-
stare, plod, plug away, prevail, progress, pursue relent- tection, fetal right-to-life statute, laws championing preg-
lessly, refuse to give up, remain, remain unchanged, stay, nancy from the time of implantation, laws protecting
stick to, survive, sustain, take no denial, toil unceasingly, human embryos, laws protecting life beginning at concep-
work unceasingly, work unflaggingly tion, legal protection of preborn humans, right to life laws
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: abortion rights, prochoice advocacy,
PERSISTENT, adjective abiding, adamant, assiduous, right to life
chronic, continued, continuing, continuous, determined,
diligent, dogged, durable, enduring, everlasting, faithful, PERSONIFY, verb ascribe personal qualities to, be the
indefatigable, insistent, lasting, obstinate, patient, perdu- embodiment, characterize, copy, embody, embrace, exem-
rable, perseverant, persevering, pertinacious, purposeful, plify, humanize, incarnate, manifest, orationem attribuere,
refusing to relent, relentless, remaining, repeated, resolute, symbolize, treat as human, typify
resolved, sedulous, serious, set upon, staying, steadfast,
steady, strong-willed, stubborn, sustained, tenacious, tire- PERSONNEL, noun assistants, band of employees, body
less, unallayed, unceasing, unchanging, unchecked, un- of employees, cast, clerical staff, company, corps of em-
daunted, undeviating, undiscouraged, undying, unfailing, ployees, coworkers, crew, employees, factotums, fellow
unfaltering, unflagging, unrelaxing, unremitting, unstop- workers, help, labor supply, laborers, laboring force, man-
ping, unswerving, untiring, unvarying, unwavering, unwea- power, members, office force, servantry, servants, staff,
rying, unyielding team of employees, work force, work party, workers, work-
ing people
PERSON, noun autonomous being, being, caput, chap,
character, fellow, homo, human, human being, human crea- PERSPECTIVE, noun angle of vision, attitude, concep-
ture, individual, living being, living soul, member of the tion, distance, eyereach, feeling, field of view, field of vision,

489
 PERSPICACIOUS

framework, impression, inclination, leaning, line of sight, PERTINACIOUS, adjective adamant, adhering to a pur-
mental view, orientation, outlook, point of observation, pose, assidous, bent, bullheaded, certain, continuing, de-
point of view, position, range of view, range of vision, scope cided, determined, diligent, dogged, earnest, enduring,
of vision, sense of proportion, situation, slant, standpoint, exhibiting purpose, faithful, firm, hard to get rid of, head-
thought, vantage point, view, viewpoint, way of thinking strong, holding to a purpose, immovable, immutable, im-
placable, indefatigable, indomitable, industrious, inexora-
PERSPICACIOUS, adjective acutus, alert, apperceptive, ble, inflexible, insistent, intent, intractable, inveterate,
argute, artful, astute, bright, canny, clear-sighted, clear- mulish, never-tiring, never-wearying, obdurate, obstinate,
headed, clever, crafty, cunning, dioristic, discerning, dis- obstinatus, painstaking, patient, persevering, persistent,
criminating, discriminative, farseeing, farsighted, foresighted, persisting, pertinax, pervicacious, pervicax, pigheaded,
forethoughtful, hardheaded, informed, intelligent, judicious, plodding, purposeful, relentless, resolute, resolved, rigid,
keen, keen-eyed, keen-sighted, keen-witted, knowing, long- sedulous, self-willed, serious, set, single-minded, stalwart,
sighted, nimble-witted, observant, penetrating, perceptive, stanch, steadfast, steady, strong-willed, stubborn, sure,
percipient, perspicax, piercing, quick, quick-witted, saga- tough, unbending, uncompromising, undaunted, undeviat-
cious, sagax, sage, sapient, sensible, sharp, sharp-sighted, ing, undistracted, undoubting, unfaltering, unflagging, un-
sharp-witted, shrewd, understanding, wise flinching, unmovable, unrelaxing, unrelenting, unremitting,
unshakable, unshaken, unshrinking, unswerving, untiring,
PERSPICACITY, noun acuity, acumen, acute discern- unwavering, unwearying, unyielding, willful, zealous
ment, acuteness, astuteness, capacity, clear thinking, clear
thought, clear vision, discernment, discretion, discrimina- PERTINACITY, noun adamancy, bullheadedness, dili-
tion, farsightedness, insight, judgment, ken, perception, gence, doggedness, firmness, hardheadedness, hardness,
perceptiveness, sagacity, sense, sensitivity, sharpness of immovability, inflexibility, intransigence, inveteracy, obdu-
mind, shrewdness, tact, understanding racy, obstinacy, perseverance, recalcitrance, rigidity, rigor,
stubbornness, willfulness
PERSPICUOUS, adjective accurate, apparent, apprecia-
ble, apprehensible, clear, cognizable, coherent, comprehen- PERTINENT, adjective adapted, affinitive, appertaining,
sible, conceivable, definite, distinct, evident, exact, expli- applicable, apposite, appropriate, appurtenant, apropos,
cable, explicit, factual, forceful, genuine, intelligible, apt, associated, associative, bearing on the question, be-
manifest, obvious, overt, palpable, patent, pellucid, perceiv- longing, concerning, connected, fit, fitting, germane, hav-
able, perceptible, real, transparent, truthful, unambiguous, ing direct bearing, having to do with, material, opposite,
understandable, unmistakable pertaining, referrential, referring, regarding, related, relat-
ing, relational, relevant, suitable, to the point, to the pur-
PERSUADE, verb actuate, advise, align, bend to one’s pose, with reference to
will, blandish, bring a person to his senses, bring around, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: pertinent testimony, relevant evidence
bring over, bring to reason, cajole, coax, compel, convert,
convince, counsel, enlist, exercise influence, exert influ- PERTURB, verb abash, agitate, alarm, annoy, arouse,
ence, exhort, gain the confidence of, impel, importune, badger, baffle, bewilder, bother, bring into disorder, cause a
impress, indoctrinate, induce, influence, inveigle, lead, fuss, cause agitation, cause alarm, cause confusion, cause
lead to believe, lure, make one’s point, make oneself felt, disorder, cause upset, churn, complicate, confound, confuse,
motivate, move, prevail upon, prompt, propagandize, derange, disarrange, discomfit, discompose, disconcert, dis-
proselyte, proselytize, rouse, satisfy by evidence, satisfy may, disorder, disquiet, distract, distress, disturb, embarrass,
by proof, seduce, sell, suborn, sway, urge, win over, woo entangle, exasperate, excite, ferment, flurry, fluster, fret,
frustrate, gall, give cause for alarm, grieve, harass, harry, in-
PERSUASION, noun actuation, advocacy, alignment, flame, infuriate, irk, irritate, jar, jolt, madden, make havoc,
argument, blandishment, cajolement, cajolery, cajoling, make uneasy, nonplus, outrage, pain, perplex, perturbate,
coaxing, conversion, dissuasion, encouragement, enlist- perturbo, pester, pique, plague, pother, provoke, put out,
ment, enticement, exhortation, incitation, incitement, in- rouse, ruffle, shake, shake up, shock, snarl, stir, stir up, throw
ducement, influence, insistence, inveiglement, motivation, into confusion, trouble, unnerve, unsettle, upset, vex, work
pleading, pressure, prompting, propaganda, proselytism, up, worry
salesmanship, solicitation, suasion, winning over
PERUSAL, noun analysis, attention, close reading, con-
PERSUASIVE, adjective actuating, arousing, authorita- templation, discovery, examination, inquiry, inspection,
tive, coaxing, cogent, compelling, convictive, convincing, investigation, reading, review, scrutiny, study, survey
credible, effective, eloquent, forceful, hortative, hortatory,
impelling, impressive, inductive, influential, inspiring, invit- PERUSE, verb analyze, browse, check, con, conduct re-
ing, logical, moving, persuasory, plausible, pointed, potent, search on, consider, contemplate, delve into, devote one-
powerful, propagandistic, provocative, provoking, rousing, self to, examine, explore, feel out, glance over, glean infor-
sound, strong, suasive, subornative, swaying, telling, mation, go over, inquire into, inspect, investigate, look
tempting, tenable, touching, valid, weighty over, observe, overlook, pass under review, peer into, pore
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: persuasive arguments, persuasive au- over, probe, pry into, read, regard studiously, research,
thority, persuasive legal testimony review, scan, scrutinize, search, study, subject to scrutiny,
survey, take note of, take stock of, thumb, turn one’s gaze
PERTAIN, verb appertain, be appropriate, be associated upon, turn the leaves of, watch
with, be concerned with, be connected to, be suitable, bear
upon, befit, behoove, belong, concern, have implications PERVADE, verb affect entirely, bathe, be rife, diffuse,
for, have interrelationship with, have reference to, have disseminated, drench, enter, extend through, fill, filter
relation to, have relevance, have significance for, refer, re- through, flow into, force a passage, go through, imbrue,
late, stand in relation to, tie in with, touch upon imbue, implant, impregnate, infiltrate, infuse, inject, instill,

490
 PETTY

interfuse, interpenetrate, intrude, invade, make an en- miserable, morbid, morose, sad, sorrowful, troubled, un-
trance, overspread, pass through, penetrate, perforate, cheerful, uncheery, unhappy, unjoyful, unpromising,
permeate, pierce, radiate, run into, run through, saturate, wretched
seep in, soak, spread, spread through, steep, suffuse,
transfuse PESTILENT, adjective baleful, baneful, contagious, dam-
aging, dangerous, deadly, death-dealing, deathly, deleteri-
PERVERSE, adjective bad, bad-natured, bad-tempered, ous, destructive, disastrous, disease-ridden, diseased, epi-
base, bellicose, belligerent, boorish, bumptious, cantanker- demic, evil, fatal, feral, foul, harmful, hurtful, infectious,
ous, captious, churlish, contemptible, contrary, contuma- injurious, insalubrious, killing, lethal, lethiferous, malefic,
cious, contumelious, corrupt, corrupted, crabbed, cranky, maleficent, malign, malignant, mephitic, morbid, morbifer-
cross, crusty, debauched, degenerate, depraved, deviating, ous, morbific, morbifical, mortal, murderous, nocent, nocu-
difficult, discourteous, disobedient, disorderly, evil, evil- ous, noisome, noxious, pernicious, pestilens, pestilential,
minded, fractious, froward, hard to deal with, hard to man- plagueful, poisonous, tending to cause death, terrible,
age, headstrong, ill-behaved, ill-natured, ill-tempered, im- threatening, toxic, toxicant, toxiferous, unhealthful, un-
polite, improper, impudent, inaffable, incorrigible, inimical, healthy, venomous, violent, virulent
insubordinate, insulting, intractable, irascible, mean, nasty,
naughty, negative, negativistic, noncompliant, obstinate, PETITION, noun adjuration, application, bid, call for aid,
obstreperous, peevish, persisting in error, persisting in demand, earnest request, entreaty, formal writing em-
fault, perversus, perverted, petulant, pugnacious, refrac- bodying a request, formal written plea, formal written re-
tory, reprobate, resistive, rude, self-willed, snappish, snarl- quest, invocation, libellus, motion, plea, prayer, request,
ing, spiteful, spleenful, spleeny, splenetic, stubborn, surly, request for relief, requisition, solemn request, written ap-
testy, thoughtless, touchy, troublesome, truculent, unac- plication for relief
commodating, uncivil, uncomplaisant, uncompliant, unco- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: affidavit, cross-petition, ex parte peti-
operative, unfriendly, ungallant, ungovernable, ungracious, tion, filing of petition, order dismissing a petition, petition
unhelpful, unmanageable, unmannerly, unpolite, unreason- for a name change, petition for divorce, verified petition,
able, unruly, untoward, unyielding, venomous, vexatious, voluntary petition in bankruptcy
waspish, wayward, wicked, wrong, wrongheaded
PETITION, verb adjure, advocate, appeal for, apply for,
PERVERSION, noun abasement, aberrance, aberrancy, apply to, ask for, beseech, bid, call upon, clamor for, en-
aberration, abnormality, abomination, abuse, baseness, treat, entreat earnestly, file for, formally urge, implorare,
contamination, corruptio, corruption, debasement, de- implore, make a requisition, make application, make de-
bauchery, defilement, degradation, demoralization, depra- mands, make written application, obtest, plead, pray for,
vatio, depravation, depravity, evil behavior, foulness, im- prefer a request to, request, requisition, rogare, seek, sol-
morality, infraction, lewdness, looseness of morals, emnly request, solicit, urge
malefaction, misuse, pollution, prostitution, sophistication, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: petition for a rehearing, petition for a
turpitude, unnatural habit, violation, vitiation, want of prin- writ of certiorari, petition for a writ of mandamus, petition
ciple, wickedness for a writ of prohibition, petition for redress, petition for
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: deviant sexual behavior removal, petition for review

PERVERT, verb abuse, canker, contaminate, corrumpere, PETITIONER, noun applicant, asker, litigant, movant,
corrupt, debauch, degenerate, demoralize, depravare, de- one who applies for relief, one who files an application for
prave, divert, falsify, infect, lead astray, lower, make cor- relief, one who requests relief, party, pleader, solicitant,
rupt, misapply, mislead, misrepresent, misuse, poison, solicitor, supplex, supplicant
pollute, prostitute, render evil, ruin, soil, sophisticate, spoil, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: aggrieved party
stain, subvert, taint, tamper with, teach wickedness, vitiate,
warp PETTIFOG, verb beguile, bluff, cavil, circumvent, con-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Quae ad unum finem loquuta sunt, non nive, deceive, dodge, dupe, ensnare, evade, fence, mislead,
debent ad alium detorqueri. Those words which are spo- outmaneuver, palter, prevaricate, split hairs, trick, trifle
ken to one end ought not to be perverted to another.
PETTIFOGGER, noun beguiler, bluffer, charlatan, cheat,
PESSIMISM, noun blighted hope, cheerlessness, cyni- con artist, deceiver, dishonest lawyer, disreputable lawyer,
cism, dashed hopes, defeatism, dejectedness, dejection, empiric, fake, faker, fraud, hypocrite, imitator, impersonator,
depression, despair, desperation, despondence, despon- masquerader, mimic, mocker, phony, pretender, quack,
dency, disconsolation, discouragement, disheartenment, sham, trickster, unscrupulous lawyer
dispiritedness, dolefulness, downcastness, downheartedness, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: code of professional conduct, criminal
faint hope, forlorn hope, gloom, gloominess, gloomy out- law
look, glumness, heaviness of heart, heaviness of spirit,
hopelessness, joylessness, lack of enthusiasm, lack of PETTIFOGGERY, noun artfulness, artifice, bamboozle-
expectation, low-spiritedness, low spirits, melancholia, ment, cheating, chicane, chicanery, circumvention, corrup-
melancholy, misery, sorrowfulness, uncheerfulness, un- tion, cozenage, craft, craftiness, cunning, deceit, deception,
happiness, wretchedness dishonesty, dodgery, duplicity, equivocation, evasion, foul
play, fraud, fraudulence, fraudulency, fraudulent practice,
PESSIMISTIC, adjective cheerless, crushed, cynical, guile, humbug, indirection, intrigue, jobbery, jugglery, jug-
defeatist, dejected, depressed, despairing, desperate, de- gling, knavery, petty dishonesty, sharp practice, treachery,
spondent, disconsolate, discouraged, disheartened, dis- trickery, trickiness, underhand dealing, underhand practice
mayed, dispirited, distrustful, downcast, downhearted,
foreboding, forlorn, gloomy, glum, grieved, heavyhearted, PETTY, adjective beggarly, contemptible, diminutive,
hopeless, joyless, low-spirited, melancholic, melancholy, dispensable, expendable, fribble, frivolous, inappreciable,

491
 PETULANT

inconsequential, inconsiderable, insignificant, limited, little, lavish, liberal, magnanimous, munificent, obliging, open-
marginal, meager, mean, minor, minute, minutus, negligi- handed, princely, public-spirited, selfless, ungrudging,
ble, nonessential, nugatory, of small account, of small mo- unselfish, unsparing, unstinting
ment, paltry, petit, picayune, piddling, puny, scant, scanty,
skimpy, slight, small, sparse, tenuis, trifling, trivial, unes- PHILANTHROPIST, noun almsgiver, altruist, backer,
sential, unimportant, unnotable, unworthy of regard, benefactor, bestower, conferrer, contributor, donor, Good
worthless Samaritan, grantor, helper, humanitarian, patron, supporter,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: petty larceny, petty misdemeanor, volunteer
petty offense
PHILANTHROPY, noun almsgiving, altruism, benefi-
PETULANT, adjective acrimonious, annoyed, argumen- cence, benevolence, benevolentia, benignancy, benignity,
tative, bad-tempered, bearish, cantankerous, captious, bounteousness, bountifulness, bounty, brotherhood, broth-
carping, cavilling, censorious, choleric, churlish, conten- erliness, brotherly love, charitableness, charity, considerate-
tious, crabbed, crabby, cranky, cross, cross-tempered, ness, consideration, devotion to others, fellow feeling, free
crusty, curmudgeonly, difficult, disagreeable, disputatious, giving, free-handedness, generosity, good-heartedness,
fractious, fretful, froward, grouchy, growling, grumbling, good nature, good will, good works, graciousness, helpful-
grumbly, grumpy, hot-headed, hot-tempered, huffy, ill- ness, hospitableness, hospitality, humaneness, humanitari-
humored, ill-tempered, impatient, indocile, iracund, irasci- anism, humanitas, indulgence, kindliness, kindness, lar-
ble, irritable, liverish, mean, mean-tempered, moody, nag- gess, lavishness, liberality, love of mankind, magnanimity,
ging, out of humor, out of sorts, peevish, perverse, pettish, munificence, open-handedness, princeliness, public spirit,
petulans, piqued, pugnacious, quarrelsome, querulous, self-sacrifice, selflessness, ungrudgingness, unselfishness,
short, short-tempered, shrewish, snappish, snappy, snarl- unsparingness
ing, sour, sour-tempered, spiteful, spleenful, splenetic,
splenetical, surly, testy, touchy, vixenish, waspish, whiny PHILISTINE, noun artless person, conformist, conven-
tionalist, nouveau riche, social climber, traditionalist
PHANTOM, noun airy spirit, apparition, appearance,
banshee, chimera, creation of the imagination, creation of PHILLIPIC, noun abusive language, acrimony, asper-
the mind, delusion, disembodied spirit, dream, eidolon, sion, bitter language, bitter words, castigation, censure,
fiction, fictive creation, figment, figment of the imagination, chastisement, commination, contumely, defamation, de-
ghost, ghostly form, hallucination, illusion, image, imago, nunciation, detraction, diatribe, disparagement, execra-
incorporeal being, mental image, mirage, phantasm, pol- tion, harangue, invective, malediction, obloquy, reproba-
tergeist, revenant, shade, specter, spirit, sprite, unreality, tion, revilement, screed, tirade, tongue-lashing, verbal
vapor, vision, wraith abuse, vilification, vituperation

PHASE (Aspect), noun angle, consideration, facet, fea- PHILOSOPHY, noun axiom, belief, belief system, doc-
ture, part, point, portion, ratio, section, side, status trine, dogma, explanation, gospel, ideology, manifesto,
principle, rationale, tenet, testament, theory
PHASE (Period), noun age, continuance, duration,
epoch, era, measured time, moment, period of time, point, PHLEGMATIC, adjective aloof, apathetic, bloodless,
point of time, season, session, shift, space of time, span, bovine, callous, calm, cold, cold-blooded, comatose, cool,
spell, stage, state, step, stretch, tenure, term, time, tour detached, disinterested, dispassionate, distant, dull, frigid,
halfhearted, hebetudinous, impassive, imperturbable, indif-
PHENOMENAL, adjective amazing, exceptional, ex- ferent, inert, insensible, lackadaisical, languid, languorous,
traordinary, fantastic, great, incredible, magical, marvelous, lazy, lentus, lethargic, lethargical, lifeless, listless, lym-
noticeable, outstanding, preternatural, prodigious, rare, phatic, oscitant, passionless, passive, patiens, phlegmatical,
superhuman, transcendent, transcendental, uncanny, un- pluckless, sedate, serene, slow, sluggish, sober, spiritless,
common, unearthly, unique, with a wow factor, wonderful spunkless, staid, stoical, stolid, stony, stupefied, supine,
tame, tardus, torpid, unagitated, unanxious, unapprehen-
PHENOMENON (Manifestation), noun apparition, ap- sive, uncaring, uncommunicative, unconcerned, undemon-
pearance, display, feature, figure, form, image, materializa- strative, undisturbed, unemotional, unexcitable, unexcited,
tion, presence, realization, shape, show, sight, sign, spec- unfeeling, unflustered, unimpassioned, unperturbed, unre-
tacle, vision sponsive, unruffled, unsusceptible, untroubled, unworried

PHENOMENON (Unusual occurrence), noun amazement, PHOBIA, noun abhorrence, abject fear, alarm, antipa-
amazing thing, astonishing thing, astonishment, curiosity, thy, anxiety, apprehension, aversion, awe, detestation,
exception, experience, freak occurrence, marvel, miracle, dislike, distaste, disturbance, dread, fear, fright, horror,
nonesuch, nonpareil, ostentum, portent, prodigium, rare loathing, obsession, panic, repugnance, terror, trepidation,
occurrence, rarity, res mira, sight, special occurrence, spec- unreasoned alarm, unreasoned fear
tacle, unusual circumstance, unusual happening, unusual
incident, wonder, wonderment, wonderwork PHRASE, noun adage, aphorism, apothegm, byword,
caption, clause, dictum, figure of speech, formula, idiom,
PHILANTHROPIC, adjective accommodating, almsgiv- inscription, motto, peculiar expression, proverb, saw, say-
ing, altruistic, beneficent, benevolent, benign, benignant, ing, slogan, trite expression, turn of expression, utterance,
bighearted, bounteous, bountiful, brotherly, charitable, watchword, word group
civic-minded, considerate, devoted to others, eleemosy-
nary, free, freehanded, generous, giving, good-natured, PHRASE, verb articulate, call, clothe in words, come out
good-hearted, gracious, helpful, hospitable, humane, hu- with, comment, communicate, convey, couch, declare,
manitarian, humanus, indulgent, kind, kindhearted, kindly, deliver, denominate, describe, designate, dub, entitle,

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enunciate, express, find words to express, formulate, give PIERCE (Discern), verb appreciate, apprehend, be ac-
expression to, give tongue to, give utterance, give voice quainted with, be apprised of, be aware of, be conscious of,
to, give words to, impart, make known, mouth, name, ob- be informed, behold, cognize, comprehend, descry, detect,
serve, present, pronounce, put, put into language, put into discover, distinguish, fathom, glimpse, grasp, have in sight,
words, recite, relate, remark, say, sound, speak, state, have knowledge of, know, lay eyes on, make out, make
style, talk, tell, term, utter, verbalize, vocalize, voice, word sensible, note, notice, observe, perceive, realize, recog-
nize, see, understand, view, witness
PHRASEOLOGY, noun argot, cant, choice of language,
choice of words, command of idiom, command of lan- PIERCE (Lance), verb bore, confodere, cut through,
guage, composition, dialect, dicendi genus, diction, expres- drive into, empierce, gore, impale, insert, knife, penetrate,
sion, expression of ideas, formulation, idiom, jargon, lan- perforate, plunge in, poniard, prick, puncture, run through,
guage, lingo, literary artistry, literary style, locution, manner skewer, spear, spike, spit, stab, stick, transfigere, transfix,
of expression, mode of expression, mode of speech, ora- transpierce
tory, parlance, patois, pattern of words, peculiarity of ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: pierce the corporate veil
phrasing, phrasing, rhetoric, selection of words, speech,
style, terminology, text, tone, turn of expression, usage, PIERCING OF THE CORPORATE VEIL, noun alter ego,
use of words, vein, vocabulary, wording finding of additional liability in a subsidiary, finding of ad-
ditional liability in shareholders, finding of personal liabil-
PHYSICAL, adjective actual, bodily, carnal, concrete, ity, lancing of the corporate veil, lifting of the corporate
corporal, corporeal, corporeous, earthly, embodied, exter- veil, piercing of a body corporate’s liability, piercing of a
nal, flesh and blood, fleshly, human, incarnate, material, corporate body’s liability, piercing of an artificial entity’s
materiate, mundane, natural, nonspiritual, organic, palpa- liability, piecing of limited liability
ble, real, sensible, sensual, sensuous, somatic, substantial,
substantive, systemic, tangible, temporal, unspiritual, PIERCING THE CORPORATE VEIL, noun breaking the
worldly corporate facade, exposure of shareholders’ personal as-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: physical assets, physical condition, sets, lifting the corporate veil, mechanism to create share-
physical contact, physical control, physical damage, physi- holder liability, nonlimited liability
cal delivery, physical depreciation, physical disability, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: alter ego liability, alter ego theory,
physical force, physical impairment, physical injury, physi- cloak, exposure as an alter ego, fraud, instrumentality rule,
cal loss, physical property legitimate corporate purpose, limited liability, prevent un-
fairness or injustice, sham, unity of interest and ownership
PICK UP (Acquire), verb absorb, accumulate, achieve,
adopt, amass, annex, appreciative, attain, become cogni- PIGEONHOLE, verb allocate, allot, arrange, assort,
zant, become conscious of, become conversant with, cap- bracket, break down, catalog, categorize, class, collocate, di-
ture, catch, come by, comprehend, cultivate, detect, dis- vide, docket, file, form into classes, grade, group, index, label,
cern, draw, embrace, form, gain, garner, get, grasp, learn, list, methodize, name, order, organize, place, place in a cate-
master, obtain, procure, rack up, recognize, secure, take gory, put in order, rank, rate, reduce to order, section, sort,
on, understand subdivide, subsume, systematize, tabulate, tag, ticket, type

PICK UP (Overhear), verb detect, discern, find out, hear, PILFER, verb abscond with, appropriate illegally, bilk,
heed, intercept, learn, listen, listen in, listen into, listen commit larceny, convert, deprive illegally, embezzle, filch,
stealthily, monitor, notice, realize, receive, spy, surveil furari, loot, make off with, misappropriate, pillage, poach,
purloin, rob, seize, steal, surripere, take, thieve
PICKET, verb avoid, blackball, blockade, boycott, dem-
onstrate, demonstrate against, demonstrate protest, dis- PILLAGE, noun appropriation, booty, brigandage, depre-
suade from entering, persuade not to work, protest, repu- dation, deprivation, despoilment, despoliation, destruction,
diate, restrict access, take part in a demonstration devastation, direptio, expilatio, foray, havoc, maraud, pi-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: informational picketing, lawful picket- racy, plunder, plunderage, prey, raid, ransack, rapacity,
ing, mass picketing, organizational picketing, peaceful rapina, rapine, ravage, razzia, sack, spoliation, vandalism
picketing, primary picketing, recognitional picketing, retal-
iatory picketing, secondary boycotts, situs picketing, sym- PILLAGE, verb bring to ruin, burglarize, damage, de-
pathy strikes, unlawful picketing, violent picketing populate, depredate, desolate, despoil, destroy, devastate,
lay in ashes, lay in ruins, lay waste, level, loot, make a
PICTURE, verb caricature, characterize, conceive, con- shambles, make havoc, maraud, pirate, plunder, raid, ran-
ceptualize, conjure up, delineate, depict, diagram, docu- sack, reave, rob, ruin, ruinate, sabotage, sack, spoil, spoli-
ment, envisage, envision, fantasize, ideate, illustrate, ate, steal, strip, thieve, waste, wreck
imagine, outline, portray, render, represent, silhouette, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: larceny
sketch, visualize
PILLORY, verb accuse, asperse, attaint, befoul, belittle,
PIECE, noun aspect, atom, bit, chip, clipping, component, berate, besmear, besmirch, bespatter, blacken, blot, brand,
crumb, flake, fraction, grain, granule, molecule, morsel, odd- bring shame upon, calumniate, cast a slur upon, cast asper-
ment, paring, part, particle, portion, remainder, scrap, sec- sions on, cause a scandal, damage a reputation, debase,
tion, segment, shard, shaving, sliver, snip, snippet, splinter defame, defile, degrade, denigrate, denounce, destroy a
reputation, discredit, disgrace, dishonor, disparage, ex-
PIECEMEAL, adverb by degrees, drop by drop, gradu- pose, expose to infamy, gibbet, give a bad name, hold up
ally, in installments, in small doses, in small quantities, inch to ridicule, hold up to shame, impute shame to, lampoon,
by inch, little by little, partially laugh at, lower, make fun of, malign, mock, put in a bad
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: piecemeal zoning light, put to shame, ridicule, run down, scandalize, scorn,

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smear, smirch, soil, spatter, speak ill of, stain, stigmatize, negate, object, obstruct, offer resistance, oppose, oppugn,
sully, taint, tarnish, traduce, vilify, vituperate prevent, prohibit, protest, put in opposition, rebut, refute,
reject, remonstrate, repel, resist, set against, stand firm
PINNACLE, noun acme, apex, apogee, cap, ceiling, against, stand on the other side of, take a stand against,
climax, consummation, crest, crown, crowning point, cul- take exception to, take issue with
mination, extremity, head, height, highest degree, highest ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: litigation
point, meridian, peak, point, summit, tip, top, upper ex-
tremity, utmost extent, utmost height, zenith PITY, noun commiseration, compassion, condolement,
condolence, consolation, feeling, fellow feeling, fellow suffer-
PINPOINT, verb be specific, enumerate, fix in, focus, ing, fellowship in sorrow, kindliness, lenience, leniency, len-
locate, place, quantify, site, situate, specify ity, mercifulness, mercy, misericordia, quarter, ruth, sympathy
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: pinpoint rule ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: amnesty, clemency, pardon

PIONEER, noun adventurer, colonist, colonizer, discov- PIVOTAL, adjective basic, critical, crucial, decisive, el-
erer, establisher, explorer, forerunner, founder, founding fa- ementary, essential, fundamental, indispensable, life-and-
ther, frontiersman, innovator, inventor, lead, leader, mod- death, material, necessary, pressing, requisite, urgent,
ernist, pacesetter, pathfinder, precursor, predecessor, weighty
ringleader, scout, settler, trail blazer, vanguard ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: pivotal juncture in settling a case

PIQUE, verb affront, agitate, anger, annoy, arouse re- PIVOTAL POINT, noun center, center of activity, center
sentment, bait, bedevil, beset, bother, bully, bullyrag, cause of attention, center of attraction, center of interest, central
resentment, discompose, disgust, dismay, displease, dis- point, centrality, converging point, critical point, crux, es-
quiet, distemper, disturb, enrage, exasperate, fret, gall, give sence, focal point, gravamen, heart, hub, key issue, main
offense, give umbrage, gnaw, goad, harass, harry, heckle, issue, most important part, point of convergence
hurt, incense, incite, incommode, inflame, infuriate, insti-
gate, insult, irk, irritate, kindle wrath, madden, make wrath- PLACABLE, adjective appeasable, benevolent, capable
ful, molest, needle, nettle, offend, pain, persecute, perturb, of being appeased, capable of being pacified, charitable,
pester, plague, pother, provoke, put out of countenance, clement, compassionate, conciliatory, disposed to mercy,
rile, roil, rouse, ruffle, sollicitare, sting, stir up, taunt, tease, exorabilis, exorable, forbearant, forbearing, forgiving, gener-
torment, torture, trouble, try the patience, upset, vex, work ous, gracious, indulgent, lenient, longanimous, magnani-
up, worry mous, merciful, mild, pacifiable, placabilis, reasonable, rec-
oncilable, reluctant to punish, ruthful, satisfiable, softhearted,
PIRATE (Reproduce without authorization), verb adopt sparing, understanding, unresentful, unrevengeful, unvin-
and pass off as one’s own, appropriate, borrow dishonestly, dictive, willing to forgive
copy, counterfeit, crib, help oneself to, make use of without
permission, plagiarize, purloin, steal, take illegally PLACATE, verb allay, appease, assuage, bring to terms,
calm, conciliate, disarm, dulcify, heal the breach, humor,
PIRATE (Take by violence), verb commit piracy, commit hush, make peace, mollify, pacificate, pacify, patch up a
robbery, despoil, lay hold of, loot, pillage, plunder, ran- quarrel, placare, please, propitiate, quiet, reconcile, restore
sack, rifle, rob, sack, seize, spoil, spoilate, steal, take by harmony, salve, satisfy, silence, smooth, soothe, still, tran-
force, thieve quilize, win over

PITEOUS, adjective awful, deplorable, despicable, dis- PLACE, noun area, city, community, country, district,
gusting, distressing, emotional, grievous, heartbreaking, division, environment, locale, locality, location, neighbor-
heartrending, lamentable, miserable, mournful, pitiable, hood, point, region, scene, section, site, spot, state, terri-
pitiful, poor, regrettable, reprehensible, rueful, sad, sorrow- tory, town, vicinity, village, zone
ful, sorry, terrible, touching, upsetting, woeful, wretched ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: jurisdiction, long-arm jurisdiction,
place of domicile, place of employment, place of resi-
PITFALL, noun abyss, catch, chasm, danger, dangerous dence, place to be named with particularity in searches
spot, exposure to danger, exposure to harm, fovea, hazard, and seizures, short-arm jurisdiction, venue
imminent danger, obstacle, peril, predicament, problem,
quagmire, risk, risks, snare, threat, trap PLACID, adjective at peace, balmy, calm, calmative,
collected, composed, cool, easeful, easygoing, equable,
PITHY, adjective brief, compact, compendious, com- even, gentle, halcyon, halcyonian, imperturable, irenic, ire-
pressed, concise, condensed, epigrammatic, full of mean- nical, meek, mild, motionless, pacific, paradisiacal, pastoral,
ing, gnomic, incisive, juicy, laconic, meaningful, meaty, patient, peaceable, peaceful, placidus, quiescent, quiet,
medullosus, packed, pointed, sententious, substantial, suc- quietus, reposeful, restful, serene, smooth, soothing, still,
cinct, summary, terse, trenchant stormless, subdued, tame, tranquil, tranquillus, unagi-
tated, undemonstrative, undisturbed, unexcited, unimpas-
PITTED AGAINST, verb act in opposition to, argue sioned, unmoved, unruffled, unstirring, untroubled
against, attack, battle, be at cross purposes, be contrary to,
be on the opposite side of, be on the other side of, chal- PLAGIARISM, noun appropriation, appropriation of a
lenge, collide, combat, confront, confute, contend, contest, literary composition, copying, copyright infringement, dupli-
contradict, contravene, controvert, counter, counteract, cation, forgery, imitation, imitation of an original, infringe-
counterattack, counterbalance, countermine, counterpoise, ment, literary forgery, literary piracy, literary theft, misap-
countervail, counterweigh, counterwork, debate, defy, propriation, pilfering, reproducing, reproduction, simulation,
demur, deny, disaffirm, disagree, disapprove, dispute, en- stealing, taking, thievery, unauthorized borrowing
counter, go contrary to, go up against, join issue, land into, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: copyright

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PLAGIARIZE, verb adopt as one’s own, apply to one’s make ready, map out, mark out a course, organize, outline,
own uses, appropriate, avail oneself of, borrow dishonestly, plot, prearrange, preconcert, precontrive, predesign, pre-
copy from, counterfeit, duplicate, expropriate, fabricate, determine, premeditate, prepare, project, propose, pro-
falsify, follow as a model, forge, imitate, infringe, misap- vide for, purpose, resolve, schedule, scheme, set up, shape
propriate, paraphrase, pass off another’s ideas as one’s a course, take measures, think ahead, work out
own, pass off another’s writings as one’s own, pirate, redu-
plicate, steal PLANT (Covertly place), verb bury, cache, camouflage,
cloak, cover up, disguise, hide away, keep clandestine,
PLAGUE, verb afflict, aggravate, aggrieve, annoy, badger, keep hidden, keep secret, mantle, mask, obscure, put in
bait, bedevil, beset, bother, browbeat, bullyrag, cross, devil, concealment, put out of sight, render invisible, screen, se-
discommode, discompose, displease, disquiet, distress, dis- crete, shade, shroud, veil, wrap
turb, exagitare, exasperate, exercere, fret, gall, gibe, grate, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: entrapment
harry, haunt, heckle, hector, incommode, inflict pain on, irk,
irritate, macerate, molest, mortify, nag, needle, nettle, offend, PLANT (Place firmly), verb base, bed, deposit, embed,
oppress, pain, persecute, pester, pique, pother, prey on, pro- engraft, ensconce, establish, fix, ground, implant, impreg-
voke, rack, roil, ruffle, scourge, smite, spite, taunt, tease, nate, infix, inject, inlay, insert, inset, install, instill, lay the
torment, torture, trouble, try the patience, vex, worry foundation, locate, make a place for, place, put, root, set, set
firmly, set up, settle, situate, sow, station, stick in, thrust in
PLAIN LANGUAGE, noun accepted language, clear
language, cogent writing, concise writing, conventional PLATFORM, noun assumed position, attitude, body of
language, correct English, exact writing, plain English, plain principles, campaign promises, course, course of action,
speaking, plain speech, precise expression, precise writing, declaration, declaration of policy, doctrine, line of conduct,
specific writing, unambiguous legalese, understandable outlook, party line, party planks, plan, plan of action, point
language of view, policy, position, precepts, principles, program,
Generally: plain language laws proposal, proposed action, proposition, rule of action,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: comprehensible writing, correct writ- scheme, tenets, view
ing, effective writing, proper writing
PLATITUDE, noun absence of meaning, banality, cliche,
PLAINT, noun agony, anguish, complaint, cry, dirge, commonplace expression, commonplace idea, common-
discontent, displeasure, dissatisfaction, distress, expression place phrase, dearth of ideas, dull comment, flat saying,
of discontent, expression of grief, expression of pain, grief, hackneyed expression, hackneyed idea, hackneyed phrase,
grieving, groan, lament, lamenta, lamentation, moan, out- hackneyed saying, inanity, insipid remark, meaningless say-
cry, querela, querimonia, sigh, sorrow, wail, whine, woe ing, nonsense, reiteration, senseless prate, stale comment,
stereotyped saying, threadbare phrase, trite expression,
PLAINTIFF, noun accuser, adversary, claimant, com- trite phrase, trite remark, trite saying, triviality, truism,
plainant, individual who brings a lawsuit, litigant, one who vapid expression, want of originality
brings an action, opponent, party to the suit, party who
sues, petitioner, petitor, suitor PLAUSIBILITY, noun believability, capability, chance,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: indispensable party plaintiff, nominal contingency, credibility, eventuality, feasibility, liability,
plaintiff, proper plaintiff, real plaintiff, third-party plaintiff likelihood, possibility, potentiality, probability, prospect,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Reus excipiendo fit actor. The defendant sense, viability
by pleading may make himself a plaintiff. Melior est condi-
tio possidentis ubi neuter jus habet. The condition of the PLAUSIBLE, adjective accepted, apparent, arguable,
possessor and that of the defendant is better than that of the believable, cogitable, colorable, commanding belief, con-
plaintiff. Cum par delictum est duorum, semper oneratur ceivable, conjecturable, convincing, credible, defensible,
petitor, et melior habetur possessoris causa. When there demanding belief, deserving belief, feasible, grantable,
is equal fault on both sides, the burden is always placed on imaginable, justifiable, legitimate, logical, maintained, os-
the plaintiff, and the cause of the possessor is preferred. In tensible, possible, presumable, probabilis, putative, rational,
praeparatoriis ad judicium, favetur actori. In those reasonable, seeming, seemingly worthy of acceptance, sen-
matters preceding judgment, the plaintiff is favored. sible, sound, supposed, suppositional, thinkable, verisimilis,
within the realm of possibility, worthy of credence
PLAN, noun agenda, alternative, ambition, arrange-
ment, cabal, campaign, complot, conspiracy, course of ac- PLEA, noun allegation, answer, arguments at the bar,
tion, curriculum, design, draft, expedient, forethought, assertion, claim, counterstatement, defendant’s answer to
hope, intendment, intent, intention, itinerary, plot, predelib- charges, defense, exceptio, excusatio, legal argument, legal
eration, preparation, program, projection, proposal, pro- defense, petitio, pleading, pleadings, rebuttal, refutation,
posed action, proposition, prospectus, readiness, resolve, reply, response, retort, statement alleged in defense, state-
schedule, scheme, strategem, strategy, suggestion, sylla- ment alleged in justification, statement of defense, state-
bus, tactic, undertaking ment which answers the charges, statements on behalf of
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: ecological plan, feasibility plan, plan for the defense
reorganization, planning board ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: entering a plea, plea in abatement,
plea in bar, plea in equity, plea of estoppel, plea of guilty,
PLAN, verb aim, arrange, block out, cabal, calculate, col- plea of insanity, plea of nolo contendere, plea of not guilty,
lude, complot, concoct, connive, conspire, contrive, coun- plea of payment, plea of recoupment, plea of release, plea
terplot, design, determine upon, devise, engineer, establish of self-defense, plea of setoff
guidelines for, expect, figure, frame, harbor a design, have a FOREIGN PHRASES: Ambiguum placitum interpretari debet
policy, intend, intrigue, lay out, lay the foundation, look contra proferentem. An ambiguous plea ought to be inter-
ahead, machinate, make arrangements, make preparations, preted against the party entering it. Exceptio falsi omnium

495
 PLEAD

ultima. A false plea is the worst of all. Interdum evenit ut PLEASURE, noun benefit, bliss, comfort, content, con-
exceptio quae prima facie justa videtur, tamen inique tentedness, delectation, delight, diversion, ease, elation,
noceat. It sometimes happens that a plea which on its face enjoyment, excitement, felicity, fulfillment, gaiety, glad-
seems just, nevertheless is injurious and inequitable. ness, glee, gratification, happiness, intoxication, jollity, joy,
jubilation, pleasance, relish, satisfaction, thrill
PLEAD (Allege in a legal action), verb advance, affirm,
affirm explicitly, allege, assert, assert formally, assert posi- PLEBISCITE, noun ballot, choice, election, mandate,
tively, attest to, bring forward, contend, emphasize, enunci- poll, referendum, vote
ate, maintain, make an affidavit, make an assertion, present,
proclaim, put forth, put forward, put in an affidavit, reaffirm, PLEDGE (Binding promise), noun act of giving one’s
reassert, set forth, state, state emphatically, stress, swear word, agreement, assurance, attestation, avowal, avowance,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: plead a cause of action, responsive commitment, compact, contract, covenant, guarantee, oath,
pleading obligation, promise, promissory oath, promissum, solemn
declaration, solemn word, statement on oath, undertaking,
PLEAD (Argue a case), verb advocate, argue at the bar, vow, warranty, word, word of honor
argue the point, bring into court, causam agere, contend
for, defend a case, maintain by arguments, prosecute one’s PLEDGE (Security), noun collateral, deposit, earnest,
case, put one’s case, speak for, speak up for, stand up for, earnest payment, guarantee, installment, personal secu-
state one’s case, urge reasons for, use arguments rity, pignus, real security, security, stake, stake money,
token payment
PLEAD (Implore), verb address a request, beseech, call ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: assignment, collateral security, pledge
upon, charge, clamor for, entreat, importune, make a re- of securities, pledged personalty, pledged property, se-
quest, obsecrare, orare, petition, prefer a request, press, cured transactions
put up a request, request, solicit, supplicate, urge
PLEDGE (Deposit), verb bond, give as a guarantee, give
PLEAD GUILTY, verb accept guilt, acknowledge guilt, as security for a debt, give as security for an obligation, give
admit guilt, concede fault, confess guilt, declare guilt as surety, give one’s signature, give security, guarantee,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: prosecution of a criminal case hypothecate, impignorate, indorse, insure, offer collateral,
post, put in pawn, put up, stake
PLEAD INNOCENT, verb contradict charges of guilt,
disaffirm guilt, disavow guilt, disclaim any wrongdoing, PLEDGE (Promise the performance of), verb assert sol-
refute charges, reject charges, repudiate guilt emnly, assure, avow, be answerable for, become bound to,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: prosecution of a criminal case bind, bind oneself, commit oneself, contract an obligation,
covenant, engage solemnly, engage to give, give a guaran-
PLEADING, noun accusation, allegation, allegation of tee, give assurance, give one’s word, guarantee, make a
facts, answer, argument, claim, complaint, counterstatement, promise, obligare, oppignerare, promise solemnly, take
defendant’s answer to charges, defense, denial, formal asser- upon oneself, undertake, warrant, vow
tion, formal averment, plaintiff’s allegations, plea, rebuttal,
reply, responsive allegations, statement of defense, written PLENARY, adjective absolute, complete, comprehen-
statement of defense, written statements of accusation sive, entire, exhaustive, full, full-blown, full-charged, fully
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: alternative pleading, amendment to constituted, fully furnished, limitless, thorough, total, un-
a pleading, amplication of the pleadings, argumentative confined, undiminished, unlimited, unqualified, unre-
pleading, blind pleading, clarification of the pleading, stricted, whole
defect in the pleading, demurrer, failure to state a cause ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: plenary action
of action, failure to state a claim, formal pleading, frivo-
lous pleading, inconsistent pleadings, liberal construc- PLENIPOTENTIARY, noun advocate, agent, ambassador,
tion of pleadings, motion to correct pleadings, motion to assistant, broker, chancellor, coagent, consul, delegate, dep-
dismiss the pleading, petition, prejudicial pleading, uty, diplomat, diplomatic agent, emissary, envoy, factor, leg-
privileged pleadings, responsive pleading, scandalous ate, lieutenant, messenger, official representative, proctor,
pleading, sham pleading, supplemental pleading, veri- provost, proxy, regent, representative, secondary, speaker,
fied pleading spokesman, spokesperson, substitute, surrogate, viceroy
FOREIGN PHRASES: Placita negativa duo exitum non faci-
unt. Two negative pleas do not make an issue. Qui non PLENITUDE, noun abundance, affluence, ampleness,
negat fatetur. He who does not deny admits. Ambigua amplitude, avalanche, bounteousness, capacity, copious-
responsio contra proferentem est accipienda. An am- ness, deluge, enough, fruitfulness, luxury, mass, opulence,
biguous answer is to be taken against him who offers it. piles, plethora, profusion, prosperity, quantity, sufficiency,
torrent, volume, wealth
PLEASANT, adjective affable, agreeable, amiable, at-
tractive, congenial, darling, delightful, desirable, dulcet, PLETHORA, noun abundance, accumulation, ampli-
enjoyable, felicific, felicitous, good, good-natured, harmo- tude, congestion, deluge, engorgement, excess, exorbi-
nious, inviting, kindly, nice, palatable, personable, pleasing, tance, exorbitancy, flood, full measure, fullness, glut, great
pleasurable, pretty, satisfying, sweet, welcome quantity, heap, impletion, inundation, load, margin, nimi-
ety, overabundance, overflow, overload, overplus, over-
PLEASE, verb amuse, appease, assuage, captivate, cater supply, plentifulness, plenty, profuseness, profusion, re-
to, charm, coddle, comfort, content, delight, divert, enter- pleteness, repletion, richness, satiation, satiety, saturation,
tain, fulfill, gladden, gratify, humor, indulge, ingratiate, spate, superabundance, superfluity, superfluousness, su-
mollify, pamper, placate, pleasure, quench, sate, satiate, persaturation, surfeit, surplus, surplusage, swelling, turges-
satisfy, spoil, suit, titillate, treat cence, undue amount

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PLIABLE, adjective accommodating, acquiescent, ransack, ravage, raze, reave, rifle, rob, ruin, sack, seize,
adaptable, adaptive, adjustable, alterable, amenable, as- spoliate, steal, strip, take away, thieve
senting, bendable, biddable, changeable, compliant, con-
formable, conforming, controllable, docile, ductile, easily PLURALITY, noun advantage in votes cast, bulk, great
bent, easily influenced, easily persuaded, easygoing, elas- number, host, large amount, large number, large quantity,
tic, facile, fictile, flexibilis, flexible, flexile, formable, for- lead, main part, majority, multitude, preponderance, pre-
mative, governable, impressionable, inclined, lamblike, ponderancy, shoal, superiority in number, weight of num-
lentus, limber, lissome, lithe, lithesome, malleable, man- bers
ageable, manipulable, meek, modifiable, moldable, mu- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: majority, quorum
table, nonresisting, obedient, obliging, persuadable, per-
suasible, pervious, plastic, pliant, protean, proteiform, PLY, verb busy oneself with, carry on, devote oneself to,
receptive, responsive, sequacious, servile, slavish, stretch- do work with, employ, engage in, exercere, exercise, ex-
able, suasible, submissive, supple, swayable, teachable, ploit, handle, make use of, manipulate, occupy oneself
tractable, tractile, variable, versatile, willing, yielding with, operate, persevere at, practice, pursue, put in prac-
tice, put into effect, tackle, take up, undertake, use, utilize,
PLIANT, adjective accommodating, acquiescent, adapt- wage, wield, work
able, agreeable, bendable, compliable, compliant, conces-
sive, conformable, conforming, deferential, docile, ductile, POACH, verb appropriate, carry off, filch, furtim feras
easily bent, easily persuaded, elastic, flexible, formable, intercipere, make off with, misappropriate, peculate, pilfer,
impressible, impressionable, indecisive, indulgent, influ- pirate, plunder by stealth, purloin, rifle, run off with, snatch,
enceable, irresolute, lentus, limber, lithe, malleable, man- steal, take by illegal methods, take by unfair methods, take
ageable, meek, moldable, mollis, movable, nonresisting, illegally, walk off with
obedient, obeisant, passive, plastic, pliable, readily influ-
enced, receptive, responsive, sequacious, servile, slavish, POIGNANT, adjective acute, affecting, arresting, bitter,
soft, submissive, subordinate, subservient, suggestible, eloquent, emotional, engaging, engrossing, expressive, im-
supple, susceptible, susceptive, swayable, tractable, tractile, pactful, impressive, inspirational, moving, passionate, pene-
unassertive, undecided, willing, yielding trating, pert, piquing, provoking, sensitive, stirring, touching

PLIGHT, noun adverse circumstance, adversity, awk- POINT (Item), noun argument, caput, consideration,
ward situation, case, circumstance, condition, corner, crisis, designated ground, detail, feature, ground, issue, matter,
critical situation, difficulty, dilemma, embarrassing position, particular, reason, res, specific, thought
embarrassing situation, emergency, footing, hardship, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: point of law, point of order
imbroglio, lot, misfortune, muddle, pass, pinch, position,
predicament, problem, quagmire, quandary, reverse, POINT (Period of time), noun conjuncture, exact mo-
scrape, setback, situation, state, state of affairs, station, ment, hour, instant, interval, juncture, moment, occasion,
strait, trial, trouble precise moment, second, specific moment, stage, time

PLOT (Land), noun acreage, agellus, block, division, POINT (Purpose), noun aim, core, design, end, es-
field, ground, lot, parcel of land, patch, piece of land, plat, sence, goal, import, intent, intention, motive, object, ob-
property, tract jective, purport, reason, significance, substance

PLOT (Secret plan), noun cabal, chicane, collusion, com- POINT OF VIEW, noun angle, angle of vision, apprehen-
plicity, complot, coniuratio, conspiracy, conspiratio, coun- sion, attitude, belief, concept, conception, conviction, esti-
terplot, deception, design, intrigue, manipulation, ploy, mate, idea, opinion, outlook, perception, perspective,
ruse, scheme, stratagem, tactic, trick platform, position, posture, private opinion, respect, side,
slant, stand, standpoint, viewpoint
PLOT, verb act in collusion, arrange, be in collusion,
cabal, collude, connive, conspire, deal secretly, devise, POINTLESS, adjective aimless, brainless, empty, frivo-
engineer, form a plan, frame, have designs, intrigue, lous, fruitless, haphazard, hopeless, illogical, immature,
machinate, make a plan, make arrangements, make prepa- inane, inconsequential, insignificant, mindless, minor, neg-
rations, maneuver, organize, outline, plan mischief, plan ligible, nonsensical, purposeless, senseless, slight, trifling,
secretly, prearrange, preconcert, premeditate, prepare, trivial, unimportant, unreasonable, wasteful
scheme, take measures, take steps, undermine, work out
POISE, noun air, aspect, attitude, bearing, behavior,
PLOY, noun action, artifice, contrivance, device, ma- breeding, carriage, class, composure, conduct, counter-
neuver, mechanism, plan, ruse, scheme, stratagem, trick, poise, decorum, demeanor, deportment, elegance, excep-
way, wile tional pedigree, finest breeding, look, mannerisms, man-
ners, mien, presence, refinement, stance, station
PLUNDER, noun booty, depredation, devastation, foray,
haul, ill-gotten goods, illicit gains, loot, maraud, pillage, POISON, noun agent that kills, bane, contagion, sub-
praeda, raid, rapina, rapine, ravin, razzia, robbery, sack, stance that kills, toxic, toxicant, toxin, venom
seizure, spoils, spoliation, stolen articles, stolen goods,
take, theft POLARIZE, verb break up into opposing factions, con-
trapose, contrast, oppose, pit against one another, put in
PLUNDER, verb buccaneer, carry off, compilare, de- opposition
plume, depredate, desolate, despoil, displume, divest, ex-
pilare, flay, impoverish, lay in ruins, lay waste, loot, maraud, POLEMIC, adjective argumental, argumentative, con-
overthrow, pillage, pirate, praedari, prey on, purloin, raid, flicting, contentious, contestable, contradictory,

497
 POLEMICAL

controversial, debatable, dialectic, dialectical, discordant, prevents encroachment by judiciary on legislative and ex-
discrepant, disputatious, dissentient, dissonant, divided, ecutive branches, nonjudicial matter to be determined by
eristic, eristical, factious, inharmonious, open to debate, the legislative or executive branch, nonjusticiable contro-
open to discussion, open to question, polemical, pugna- versy, nonjusticiable question, nonlegal issue of politics
cious, quarrelsome, schismatic, subject to controversy, un- over which a court lacks jurisdiction
reconciled
POLITICAL SPIN, noun appropriate fashion, comfort-
POLEMICAL, adjective acidic, aggressive, argumenta- able alibi, comfortable approach, comfortable form, defen-
tive, bearish, bellicose, belligerent, bilious, cantankerous, sive methodology, exculpable approach, exculpatory ap-
combative, contentious, contrary, controversial, disputa- proach, explanatory manner, move, nicety, normal
tious, feisty, fractious, intractable, militant, obdurate, obsti- approach, perfect answer, political blueprint, political de-
nate, pugnacious, quarrelsome, querulous, recalcitrant, sign, political explanation, political game plan, political
scrappy, testy, truculent program, political scheme, political tactic, political tactics,
reasonable solution, right strategy, shift, smooth political
POLICE, noun arm of the law, constabulary, custodians technique, style, understandable modus operandi
of the law, detective force, forces of law and order, govern-
ment officers, law enforcement agency, law enforcement POLITICAL THEATER, noun crafty scheme, political an-
agents, law enforcement body, officers, officers of the law, tics, political artifice, political contrivance, political display,
peace officers, police force, police officers political exhibit, political exhibition, political intrigue, po-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: police action, police brutality, police litical machinations, political means, political methods, po-
power litical plot, political scheme, political show, political show-
manship
POLICE, verb care for, check, control, exercise authority,
exert authority, have authority, have charge of, invigilate, POLITICIAN, noun campaigner, candidate, governmen-
keep guard, keep in order, keep in view, keep order, keep tal leader, lawgiver, lawmaker, legislator, office seeker, of-
orderly, keep under control, keep vigil, keep watch, observe, ficeholder, officer of state, official, partisan, party member,
overlook, oversee, patrol, preserve public order, preserve politico, public servant, representative, statesman
public tranquility, prevent crime, prevent offenses against
the state, promote public health and safety, protect, regu- POLITICS, noun campaigning, civilis ratio, electioneer-
late, render safe, restrain, restrict access, rule, safeguard, ing, governance, government, matters of state, partisanism,
secure, stand guard, stand sentinel, superintend, supervise, party leadership, party politics, party system, political affairs,
systematize, use one’s authority, watch, watch diligently political influence, political involvement, political maneuvers,
political methods, political partisanship, political process,
POLICY (Contract), noun agreement, arrangement, political strategy, public service, state affairs, statesmanship
contractual obligation, contractual statement, insurance ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: campaign financing laws, disclosure
contract, legal document, mutual agreement, mutual under- laws, election laws, lobbying laws, reporting laws
taking, obligation, pact, schedule, understanding FOREIGN PHRASES: Politiae legibus non leges, politiis adap-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: insurance policy tandae. Politics should be adapted to the laws, not the
laws to politics.
POLICY (Plan of action), noun approach, consilium,
course, course of action, course of conduct, doctrine, estab- POLITY, noun body politic, civil constitution, common-
lished order, fundamental principles, general guidelines, wealth, constitution, country, course, form of government,
general principles, governing course of action, governing fundamental principles of government, line, nation, nation-
plan, governing principle, line, line of action, line of con- ality, plan of action, platform, policy, principles, procedure,
duct, management, manner of proceeding, method, mode program, recognized principles, reipublicae forma, repub-
of management, party line, plan, plan of campaign, plat- lic, sovereignty, state, system of government
form, polity, prescribed form, principles, procedure, pro-
gram, proposal, proposed action, proposition, rule of ac- POLL (Canvass), noun capitation, catalog of persons,
tion, scheme, stratagem, ways census, census report, census return, count, enumeration,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: public policy evaluation, inquiry, numbering, numeration, public opinion,
questionary, questionnaire, register, registration, return,
POLITIC, adjective acute, artful, artfully contrived, astute, statistic, survey, tabulation, tally
astutus, brilliant, calculating, canny, careful, cautious, circum-
spect, clever, considerate, contemplative, crafty, cunning, de- POLL (Casting of votes), noun ballot, casting of ballots,
ceitful, diplomatic, discreet, effective, efficacious, enlightened, choice, consensus, decision, determination, election, elec-
expedient, farsighted, feline, foxy, guarded, heedful, inge- tive privilege, expression of will, formal expression of
nious, judicial, judicious, knowing, mindful, perceptive, practi- choice, plebiscite, popular decision, preference, referen-
cal, provident, prudens, prudent, prudential, prudently con- dum, selection, voice, vote
trived, regardful, sagacious, sensible, sharp, shrewd, subtle, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: electioneering at poll, polling place
tactful, thoughtful, well-adapted, well-advised, well-devised,
well-informed, well-judged, wily, wise POLL, verb ballot, call the roll, canvass, collect the vote,
compute, conduct research on, count, enumerate, keep
POLITICAL, adjective administrative, bureaucratic, count of, keep score, list, make a survey, record the vote,
civic, civilis, governmental, partisan, public, publicus register, run checks on, sample, score, survey, tabulate,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: political question take a census, take a roll call, tally, total

POLITICAL QUESTION, noun controversy that is non- POLLUTE, verb adulterate, alloy, befoul, begrime, bemire,
justiciable, declination to rule on a case, doctrine that besmirch, bespatter, contaminate, corrupt, debase, debauch,

498
 POPULATION

defile, degrade, denaturalize, deprave, desecrate, destroy, joint possession, league, mutual ownership, partnership,
dirty, dishonor, filthify, foul, grime, impair, infect, maculate, syndicate, trust, unification, union
make foul, mess, mire, muck, muddy, pervert, poison, pro- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: insolvency pool, involuntary market
fane, prostitute, render filthy, smirch, soil, spatter, spoil, stain, pool, mortgage pool, stock pool
sully, taint, tarnish, undermine, unhallow, violate, vitiate
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: ecology, environmental conservation, POOL, verb affiliate with, ally, amalgamate, associate,
environmental protection, nuissance band together, blend, collaborate, combine, confederate,
conjoin, connect, consolidate, coordinate, enter into part-
POLLUTION, noun affliction, contamination, corruption, nership with, federate, involve together, league, merge,
decay, decomposition, desecration, deterioration, dirti- mix, share, unify, unite
ness, fouling, greenhouse effect, illness, impurity, plague, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: pooling of assets
rot, ruination, scourge, spoiling, withering
POOR (Inferior in quality), adjective bad, badly made,
POLYGAMOUS, adjective engaging in bigamy, engag- barely passable, base, beggarly, below par, below standard,
ing in unlawful marriage, having multiple husbands, having cheap, coarse, common, contemptible, crude, defective,
multiple wives, having plurality of wives or husbands, prac- deficient, dubious, faulty, flimsy, gimcrack, imperfect, inad-
ticing plural marriage equate, inartistic, indifferent, inferior, lacking in quality,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bigamy, monogamy low, low-grade, marred, meager, mean, mediocre, medioc-
ris, miserable, ordinary, paltry, pitiful, rejected, scant,
POMPOUS, adjective arrant, arrogant, assumptive, au- scrub, scrubby, scurvy, second best, second-rate, seedy,
dacious, authoritarian, barefaced, belligerent, bombastic, shabby, shoddy, sleazy, sordid, sorry, subgrade, substan-
bossy, bumptious, cavalier, chesty, conceited, condescend- dard, tawdry, tenuis, trashy, under average, undergrade,
ing, contentious, dictatorial, domineering, haughty, high- unimpressive, unsatisfactory, unsightly, unworthy, value-
and-mighty, high-handed, huffy, imperious, important, less, vulgar, wanting, weak, worthless, wretched
lofty, lordly, masterful, peremptory, pompous, presuming, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: poor condition
presumptuous, pretentious, self-asserting, self-assertive,
self-important, supercilious, superior POOR (Underprivileged), adjective bankrupt, beggared,
bereft of funds, depleted, deprived, destitute, dispossessed,
PONDER, verb analyze, apply the mind, appraise, brood distressed, drained, egens, embarrassed, empty-handed,
over, cerebrate, cogitate, commune with oneself, concen- fortuneless, hard up, ill-provided for, impecunious, impover-
trate upon, consider, considerare, contemplate, debate, ished, in distress, in embarrassed circumstances, in narrow
deliberate, devote thought to, digest, evaluate, examine, circumstances, in need, in penury, in pinched circumstances,
excogitate, give thought to, intellectualize, introspect, in reduced circumstances, in straitened circumstances, in
meditate, mull over, muse, occupy the thoughts with, pon- want, indigent, inops, insolvent, mendicus, moneyless, ne-
derare, premeditate, puzzle over, rack the brains, ratioci- cessitous, needful, needy, out of cash, out of money, pauper-
nate, rationalize, reason, reflect upon, review, revolve in the ized, penniless, penurious, poverty-stricken, reduced, re-
mind, ruminate, speculate, study, take account of, take duced to beggary, ruined, short, short of money, starved,
under consideration, theorize, think deeply, think on, turn straitened, strapped, suffering privation, unable to make
over in the mind, view from all sides, view with delibera- ends meet, unmoneyed, unprosperous, unprovided for, with
tion, weigh, wonder about meager funds, with scanty funds, without a penny
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: petition to proceed as a poor person
PONDERABLE, adjective appreciable, ascertainable,
cognizable, comprehensible, considerable, discernible, dis- POPULACE, noun body politic, canaille, citizenry, com-
coverable, distinguishable, knowable, palpable, perceptible, mon folk, common people, commonage, commonalty,
real, recognizable, substantive, understandable, weighable commoners, community, crowd, folk, folks, general public,
habitants, humanity, individuals, inhabitants, masses, mul-
PONDEROUS, adjective awkward, big, boring, bulky, titude, nation, people, persons, plebs, population, prole-
burdensome, clumsy, corpulent, cumbersome, cumbrous, tariat, public, residents, society
dense, drearisome, dreary, droning, dull, elephantine, enor-
mous, forced, gravis, hard to lift, heavy, hulking, labored, POPULAR, adjective accepted, accredited, admired,
large, leaden, lifeless, lumbering, lumpish, lusterless, lym- asked for, attractive, beloved, celebrated, conventional,
phatic, massive, monotonous, onerous, oppressive, over- coveted, current, customary, demanded, desirable, de-
weight, ponderosus, prosaic, slow-moving, sluggish, stiff, sired, doted on, enjoyed, esteemed, estimable, fair-haired,
stolid, stout, supine, tedious, unlively, unmanageable, un- famous, fashionable, favored, favorite, highly thought of, in
wieldy, wearisome, wearying, weighty demand, in favor, in high esteem, in high favor, in vogue,
liked, loved, noted, orthodox, palatable, pet, pleasing,
PONZI SCHEME, noun fraud, fraudulent investment praised, preferred, prevailing, prevalent, received, re-
operation, fraudulent transfer scheme, illegal scam, illusory quested, respected, sought after, stamped with approval,
profit scheme, investment fraud, pyramid scheme, scam, standard, stylish, venerable, wanted, well-liked, well-re-
unlawful investment activity, unlawful scam, unregistered ceived, well thought of, winning
investment ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: popular election, popular name, popu-
lar name for a statute, popular sense
POOL, noun alliance, amalgamation, bank, cartel, coali-
tion, collaboration, collective, collectivism, combination, POPULATION, noun body politic, citizenry, citizens, civ-
combination of funds, combine, common fund, common ium, commonalty, community, dwellers, folk, general public,
ownership, community of possession, confederacy, confed- habitancy, habitants, humanity, incolarum numerus, inhabit-
eration, consolidation, consortium, cooperation, copartner- ants, masses, nation, natives, number of people, people,
ship, cosharing, federation, joint concern, joint ownership, persons, populace, populacy, public, residents, society

499
 POPULOUS

POPULOUS, adjective celeber, close, closely packed, partition, prorate, ration, section, segment, separate, split
compact, crammed, crawling with people, crowded, dense, up, split up into units, subdivide
frequens, full, inhabited, massed, multitudinous, numer-
ous, occupied, packed, peopled, populated, rife, swarm- PORTRAY, verb act, adumbrate, characterize, convey a
ing, teeming, tenanted, thick, thickly settled, thronged, verbal image, convey an impression, delineate, depict, de-
well-populated picture, depingere, describe, detail, draw, express, give
words to, illustrate, limn, outline, paint, particularize, picture,
PORNOGRAPHY, noun bawdiness, curiosa, erotica, present, recreate, report, represent, represent in words, re-
filth, indecency, lewdness, lubricity, obscene art, obscene produce, set forth, show, sketch, specify, stage, tell vividly
literature, obscenity, prurience, salaciousness, salacity,
smut, vulgarity POSE (Impersonate), verb act as, act the part of, ape,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: censorship, First Amendment rights assume the character of, assume the role of, copy, counter-
feit, double for, emulate, imitate, masquerade as, mimic,
PORTAL, noun access, aperture, approach, corridor, mock, model oneself after, parody, pass for, personate, play
door, doorway, entrance, entranceway, entry, gate, gate- a part, portray, pretend to be, simulate, take the part of
way, ingress, inlet, means of access, opening, passageway,
postern, pylon POSE (Propound), verb advance, ask, assert, broach,
declare, interrogate, introduce, lay before, lay down, make
PORTEND, verb adumbrate, announce, augur, augurate, a motion, moot, move, offer, posit, postulate, predicate,
auspicate, be an omen, be harbinger, betoken, bode, cau- present, proffer, propose, put forward, put to, puzzle,
tion, divine, forebode, forecast, foreshadow, foreshow, query, question, set before, state, submit, suggest, tender,
foretell, foretoken, forewarn, give token, herald, indicate, throw out, volunteer
indicate beforehand, menace, notify, omen, ominate, pre- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: pose a question
curse, predict, prefigurate, prefigure, preindicate, premon-
ish, premonstrate, presage, preshow, presignify, prognos- POSIT, verb acknowledge, advance, advocate, affirm,
ticate, prophesy, put on guard, show promise, significare, allege, announce, argue, assert, asseverate, assume, attest,
signify, threaten, vaticinate, warn aver, avouch, avow, bring forward, certify, cite, claim, con-
tend, declare, enunciate, express, hypothesize, inform, in-
PORTENT, noun augury, auspice, boding, caution, fore- sist, issue a statement, lay down, maintain, moot, pose,
boding, forecast, foreshadowing, foretelling, harbinger, postulate, predicate, proclaim, profess, promulgate, pro-
herald, note, precursor, prediction, prefiguring, presage, nounce, propose, propound, put forth, put forward, say, set
prognosis, prophecy, token, warning forth, state, stipulate, submit, take a stand, tell, testify, utter
with conviction, vouch
PORTENTOUS (Eliciting amazement), adjective amaz-
ing, astonishing, breathtaking, exceptional, extraordinary, POSITION (Business status), noun appointment, assign-
great, inconceivable, incredible, indescribable, marvelous, ment, avocation, business, calling, career, concern, duty,
memorable, miraculous, notable, noteworthy, novel, out of echelon, employment, function, incumbency, job, line of
the ordinary, outstanding, phenomenal, prodigal, prodi- business, line of work, means of livelihood, occupation, of-
gious, rare, remarkable, shocking, singular, staggering, fice, post, practice, profession, pursuit, responsibility, role,
startling, stirring, striking, stupendous, superb, superlative, situation, specialty, sphere, station, trade, vocation, walk of
surprising, tremendous, uncustomary, unexampled, un- life, work
heard of, unique, unparalleled, unprecedented, unusual,
wonderful, wondrous POSITION (Point of view), noun apprehension, attitude,
bearing, bent, bias, conclusion, feeling, frame of mind, in-
PORTENTOUS (Ominous), adjective alarming, augural, clination, judgment, leaning, mental outlook, mind set,
augurous, baleful, black, bodeful, boding, cautionary, dark, opinion, outlook, pose, posture, predilection, predisposi-
dire, direful, divinatory, doomful, dread, dreadful, dreary, tion, preference, presumption, proclivity, proneness, pro-
fateful, fatiloquent, fearful, forbidding, foreboding, foretell- pensity, sentiment, slant, standpoint, tendency, turn of
ing, forewarning, forthcoming, frightening, frightful, gloomy, mind, view, viewpoint, way of thinking
grim, haunting, heralding, ill-boding, ill-fated, ill-starred,
inauspicious, indicative, intimidating, mantic, menacing, POSITION (Situation), noun circumstances, condition,
minacious, minatorial, minatory, monitory, ominous, oracu- footing, ground, locus, place, plight, posture, predicament,
lar, perilous, portending evil, premonitive, premonitory, spot, state, station, status
presageful, presaging, presentient, prophetic, prophetical,
pythonic, sibylline, sinister, somber, suggestive, threatening, POSITIVE (Confident), adjective assured, believing,
unpropitious certain, certus, convinced, decided, decisive, definite, de-
termined, fully convinced, insistent, perfectly sure, per-
PORTFOLIO, noun futures, holdings, investments, ne- suaded, reassured, satisfied, secure, self-assured, self-con-
gotiables, scrinium, securities, stocks, stocks and bonds fident, sure, trusting, undoubting, unhesitating,
unquestioning, unshaken, untroubled, unwavering
PORTION, noun allotment, amount, component, ele- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: positive identification
ment, excerpt, fair share, fragment, installment, measure,
moiety, part, percentage, piece, portion, quantity, quota, POSITIVE (Incontestable), adjective absolute, ascer-
ration, section, sector, segment, share tained, authentic, axiomatic, axiomatical, beyond all ques-
tion, beyond doubt, categorical, certain, clear, conclusive,
PORTION, verb allocate, allot, apportion, bequeath, decided, definite, determinate, evident, explicit, final, inap-
bequest, break down into portions, break up into units, pealable, incontestable, incontrovertible, indisputable,
budget, disperse, divide into shares, dole, dole out, parcel, indubitable, inescapable, infallible, irrefragable, irrefutable,

500
 POSSIBILITY

past dispute, precise, reliable, sound, sure, true, trustwor- duorum quaeritur, melior est causa possidentis. When
thy, unanswerable, unchallengeable, unconfutable, undeni- the question of gain lies between two persons, the cause of
able, unequivocal, unerring, unimpeachable, unmistakable, the possessor is the better. Longa possessio parit jus pos-
unqualified, unquestionable, unrefutable sidendi, et tollit actionem vero domino. Long possession
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: positive proof creates the right of possession, and deprives the true owner
of his right of action. Aliud est possidere, aliud esse in
POSITIVE (Prescribed), adjective assigned, binding, possessione. It is one thing to possess; it is another to be
commanded, compulsory, decreed, demanded, dictated, in possession. Quod meum est sine facto meo vel defectu
enacted, enjoined, established, exacted, fixed, imperative, meo amitti vel in alium transferri non potest. That
imposed, instituted, issued, laid down, legislated, manda- which is mine cannot be transferred to another without my
tory, obligatory, ordained, required, requisite, ruled, set, act or my default. Quod meum est sine me auferri non
stated authoritatively potest. What is mine cannot be taken away without my
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: positive law consent. Nul charter, nul vente, ne nul done vault per-
petualment, si le donor n’est seise al temps de contracts
POSSE, noun arm of the law, armed band, band, band de deux droits, sc. del droit de possession et del droit de
of armed men, band of men armed with legal authority, propertie. No grant, no sale, no gift, is valid forever, unless
body of men armed with legal process, body of men the donor, at the time of the contract, has two rights,
summoned by a sheriff, civilian police, custodians of the namely, the right of possession and the right of property.
law, detachment of police, detail, force armed with legal Donatio perficitur possessione accipientis. A gift is per-
authority, group of deputies, group of persons organized fected by the possession of the receiver. Melior est condi-
with legal authorization, law enforcement body tio possidentis, et rei quam actoris. The condition of the
possessor and that of the defendant is better than that of the
POSSESS, verb acquire, adfirmatio, assume ownership, plaintiff. In pari delicto melior est conditio possidentis.
be in possession of, be in receipt of, be seized of, come into When the parties are equally in the wrong, the condition of
possession of, command, control, devolve upon, enjoy, enter the possessor is the preferable one. Longa possessio jus
into possession, gain, gain for oneself, get, get as one’s own, parit. Long possession begets right. Donator nunquam
habere, have, have a deed for, have a title to, have absolute desinit possidere, antequam donatorius incipiat pos-
disposal of, have as property, have at one’s command, have sidere. A donor never ceases to possess until the donee begins
at one’s disposal, have for one’s own, have in hand, have to possess. Non valet donatio nisi subsequatur traditio. A
rights to, hold, keep, maintain, monopolize, obtain, occupy, gift is invalid unless accompanied by possession. Nemo dare
own, receive, retain, secure, seize, take possession, tenere potest quod non habet. No one is able to give that which he
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: lawfully possess, seized or possessed has not. Terra manens vacua occupanti conceditur. Land
FOREIGN PHRASES: Aliud est possidere, aliud esse in pos- remaining vacant is given to the occupant. Non potest
sessione. It is one thing to possess; it is another to be in videri desisse habere qui nunquam habuit. A person
possession. who has never had cannot be deemed to have ceased to
have it. In pari causa possessor potior haberi debet. In an
POSSESSION (Ownership), noun authority, custody, equal cause he who has the possession has the advantage.
demesne, domination, dominion, exclusive right, lordship, Cum par delictum est duorum, semper oneratur petitor et
occupancy, possessio, proprietorship, right, right of reten- melior habetur possessoris causa. When there is equal
tion, seisin, supremacy, tenancy, title fault on both sides, the burden is always placed on the plain-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: action to recover possession, actual tiff and the cause of the possessor is preferred.
possession, adverse possession, chain of possession, con-
structive possession, continuity of possession, continuous POSSESSION (Property), noun asset, belonging, bona,
possession, debtor in possession, estate in possession, chattel, effect, goods, holding, item, item of personalty,
holder in possession, hostile possession, lawful possession, money, movable, possessio, resource, treasure, valuable
mortgagee in possession, naked possession, notorious pos- FOREIGN PHRASES: Non possessori incumbit necessitas pro-
session, open and notorious possession, party in posses- bandi possessiones ad se pertinere. It is not incumbent
sion, peaceable possession, person in possession, physical on the possessor of property to prove that his possessions
possession, purchaser in possession, quiet possession, belong to him.
right of possession, tenant in possession, undisturbed pos-
session, uninterrupted possession, unlawful possession, POSSESSIONS, noun assets, belongings, bonorum,
wrongful possession capital, chattels, colonies, domain, dominions, earnings,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Traditio nihil amplius transferre debet effects, equity, estate, fortune, funds, goods, holdings,
vel potest, ad eum qui accipit, quam est apud eum qui items of personalty, material wealth, movables, pecuniary
tradit. Delivery ought to, and can, transfer nothing more resources, personal property, personalty, possessio, private
to him who receives than is in possession of him who property, property, res, resources, stock, stock in trade,
makes the delivery. Jus triplex est—propietatis, posses- territory, treasure, wealth, worldly belongings
sionis, et possibilitatis. Right is threefold—of property, of
possession, and of possibility. In aequali jure melior est POSSIBILITY, noun achievability, anticipation, attain-
conditio possidentis. In a case of equal right the condition ability, availability, chance, conceivability, conceivableness,
of the party in possession is the better. Pro possessione expectance, expectancy, expectation, facultas, favorable
praesumitur de jure. A presumption of law arises from opportunity, favorable prospect, feasibility, gamble, hope,
possession. Nihil praescribitur nisi quod possidetur. likelihood, opportunity, plausibility, posse, potential, poten-
There is no prescription for that which is not possessed. tiality, potestas, probability, promise, prospect, suggestion,
Privatio praesupponit habitum. A deprivation presup- uncertainty, viability, viableness
poses something held or possessed. Duorum in solidum FOREIGN PHRASES: Jus triplex est—propietatis, possessionis,
dominium vel possessio esse non potest. Sole ownership et possibilitatis. Right is threefold—of property, of
or possession cannot be in two persons. Cum de lucro possession, and of possibility. Ultra posse non potest

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esse, et vice versa. What is beyond possibility cannot exist, POTENCY, noun ability, authoritativeness, authority,
and the reverse, what cannot exist is not possible. brawn, caliber, capability, clout, command, competence,
control, effect, effectiveness, efficacy, energy, faculty,
POSSIBLE, adjective achievable, anticipated, apt, at- force, function, influence, intensity, main force, might,
tainable, believable, capable, cogitable, conceivable, cred- mightiness, muscle, omnipotence, potential, potentiality,
ible, feasible, grantable, imaginable, liable, likely, ob- power, powerfulness, predominance, pressure, prestige,
tainable, performable, plausible, potential, probable, puissance, quality, stamina, strength, sway, validity, vigor,
promising, rational, realizable, reasonable, superable, sup- virility, virtue, weight
posable, surmountable, thinkable, unrealized, viable, within
reach, within the range of possibility, within the realm of POTENT, adjective able, active, affecting, capable, co-
possibility, workable gent, commanding, compelling, convincing, dominant,
dramatic, dynamic, effective, effectual, efficacious, effi-
POST, noun appointment, berth, billet, business, capac- cient, energetic, forceful, forcible, formidable, generative,
ity, career, charge, commission, department, employment, impelling, important, impressive, indefatigable, indomita-
field, function, incumbency, job, line, locus, means of liveli- ble, influential, inspiring, inspiriting, intense, invincible,
hood, munus, occupation, office, place, position, profes- manly, masterful, mighty, moving, operative, penetrating,
sion, pursuit, service, situation, station, task, undertaking, powerful, predominant, prepotent, prevailing, productive,
vocation, work puissant, ruling, stiff, strong, telling, trenchant, useful,
valid, vigorous, virile, weighty
POST, verb advertise, announce publicly, bestow, call
public attention to, circulate, communicate, convey, deliver, POTENTIAL, adjective accessible, achievable, allow-
dispose of, distribute, give away, give forth, give out, give able, allowed, anticipated, attainable, concealed, conceiv-
public notice of, impart, issue, issue a statement, make known, able, covert, doable, dormant, expected, feasible, future,
make public, offer to the public, pay, present, print, proclaim, imaginable, latent, likely, obtainable, performable, permis-
publish, put up a sign, report, spread, spread abroad sible, permitted, possible, potentialis, practicable, realiz-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: post a notice, post bail able, thinkable, unapparent, undetected, undisclosed, un-
discovered, unexposed, unexpressed, unmanifested,
POSTERITY, noun bloodline, children, descendants, unrealized, unseen, workable
descent, family, future relatives, heirs, issue, later genera- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: potential existence, potential interest
tions, line, lineage, offspring, posteritas, progeny, scion,
seed, stock, succeeding generations, successors POTENTIAL, noun ability, aptitude, capability, capacity,
chance, competence, dormant energy, endowment, feasi-
POSTHUMOUS, adjective after death, continuing after bility, force, latent power, might, mightiness, possibility,
death, following death, occurring after death, postmortem possibleness, potency, potentialis, power, powerfulness,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: posthumous child practicability, proficiency, promise, prospect, puissance,
qualification, skill, strength, talent, workability
POSTPONE, verb adjourn, arrest temporarily, defer, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: potential damages, potential loss
delay, differre, extend, gain more time, hold off, keep for
future action, lay aside, pigeonhole, proferre, prorogate, POVERTY, noun absence, bare subsistence, beggarliness,
prorogue, push aside, put aside, put off, reprieve, set beggary, dearth, deficiency, deficit, depletion, destitution,
aside, shelve, stall, stave off, stay, suspend, table difficulty, distress, embarrassed circumstances, exigency,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: postpone a case famine, humbleness, impecuniosity, impecuniousness,
impoverishment, indigence, insolvency, lack, leanness, loss
POSTULATE, noun assertion, assumed truth, assump- of fortune, meagerness, mendicancy, mendicity, money-
tion, axiom, conjecture, foundation, hypothesis, premise, lessness, narrow means, necessitousness, necessity, need,
speculation, starting point, statement, suggestion, sumptio, neediness, needy circumstances, paucity, pauperism, pen-
supposal, supposition, surmise, theorem, thesis, truism nilessness, penury, poor circumstances, poorness, priva-
tion, reduced circumstances, scantiness, scantity, scant-
POSTULATE, verb advance, assume, conjecture, con- ness, scarceness, scarcity, shortage, slender means,
sider, contend, determine, guess, hazard a supposition, sparseness, starvation, straitened circumstances, straits,
hypothesize, infer, posit, predicate, premise, presume, subsistence level, tenuitas, unprosperousness, want
presuppose, propound, put forth, put forward, reason, re- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: proceed in forma pauperus
gard as axiomatic, specify, speculate, start, suggest, sur-
mise, take as an axiom, take for granted, theorize, venture POWER, noun auspices, authority, command, compe-
a conjecture, venture a supposition tence, control, controlment, dominance, domination, do-
minion, eminence, facility, force, hold, importance, influ-
POSTURE (Attitude), noun air, aspect, bearing, bent, ence, jurisdiction, mastership, mastery, potency,
cast, demeanor, disposition, disposition of mind, feeling, predominance, prepollence, prepollency, pressure, pres-
inclination, leaning, lie, manner, nature, opinion, outlook, tige, primacy, puissance, reign, rule, supremacy, supreme-
partisan outlook, philosophy, point of view, pose, position, ness, sway, vis, warrant, weight
presence, sentiment, standpoint, temper, temperament, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: apparent power, appointing power,
view, viewpoint, way of thinking arbitrary power, capacity, concurrent power, contingent
power, continuing power, delegated power, discretionary
POSTURE (Situation), noun circumstance, condicio, power, equitable power, exercise of power, extinguishment
condition, conjuncture, context, existing state, footing, of power, extraordinary power, general power, implicit
juncture, lot, pass, plight, point, position, predicament, set- power, implied power, inchoate power, incidental power,
ting, shape, standing, state, state of affairs, station, status, inherent power, legislative power, limited power, manda-
terms, turn tory power, necessary power, nonexclusive power of

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appointment, power coupled with an interest, power of PRACTICE (Custom), noun behavior, common course,
alienation, power of appointment, power of attorney, confirmed habit, consuetude, conventionality, course of ac-
power of disposition, power of sale, power of termination, tion, course of conduct, customary course, established
release of power, retention of power, revocation of power, order, fixed ways, frequent repetition, general course, habit,
special power, taxing power, testamentary power habitual course, habituation, habitude, inveterate habit, line
FOREIGN PHRASES: Nemo potest facere per obliquum quod of action, line of proceeding, manner, matter of course,
non potest facere per directum. No man can do indirectly method, mode, mode of procedure, natural course, order of
that which he cannot do directly. Sequi debet potentia the day, ordinary course, pattern, prescription, procedure,
justitiam, non praecedere. Power ought to follow justice, routine, settled disposition, style, usage, use, usual custom,
not precede it. Potentia non est nisi ad bonum. Power is usual method, way
not conferred but for the good. Fortior et potentior est ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: custom and usage, practice in the
dispositio legis quam hominis. The disposition of the law industry
has greater force and stronger effect than that of man. FOREIGN PHRASES: Cursus curiae est lex curiae. The practice
Frustra est potentia quae nunquam venit in actum. A of the court is the law of the court. Multa multo exercita-
power is a vain one if it is never exercised. Potestas stricte tione facilius quam regulis percipies. You will perceive
interpretatur. Power should be strictly interpreted. many things much more easily by practice than by rule.
Delegatus non potest delegare. A representative cannot
delegate his authority. PRACTICE (Procedure), noun approach, arrangement,
conduct, consuetudo, course, course of action, course of
POWERFUL, adjective able, able-bodied, armipotent, conduct, established order, exercitatio, form, general
authoritative, autocratic, autocratical, brawny, cogent, com- guidelines, governing course of action, governing plan,
manding, compelling, consequential, controlling, deafen- line of action, line of conduct, manner of proceeding,
ing, dominant, dominating, dynamic, effective, effectual, method, mode, mode of management, mos, observance,
efficacious, empowered, forceful, forcible, great, hard, operation, order of the day, organization, outline, plan of
hearty, hegemonic, hegemonical, Herculean, high-po- action, policy, prescribed form, prescribed usage, pro-
tency, impelling, imperious, important, impregnable, in- cess, program, protocol, required manner, routine, rule,
domitable, influential, intense, invincible, irresistible, leo- rules of business, scheme, stratagem, strategy, system,
nine, loud, lusty, magisterial, mighty, multipotent, muscular, tactics, treatment, usual way, usus, way, way of doing
obeyed, omnipotent, overpowering, overwhelming, physi- things
cally strong, plenipotent, potent, powerpacked, prevailing, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: civil practice, criminal practice
puissant, regnant, reigning, resounding, rugged, ruling,
sinewy, sovereign, stalwart, stentorian, stout, strapping, PRACTICE (Professional business), noun avocation,
striking, strong, telling, trenchant, unconquerable, un- business, calling, career, chosen career, chosen field, cho-
quenchable, unweakened, vehement, vigorous, weighty sen profession, employment, life, life’s work, line of busi-
ness, line of work, occupation, pursuit, specialty, trade,
POWERLESS, adjective abrogated, adynamic, asthenic, undertaking, vocation
canceled, crippled, debilitated, decrepit, defenseless, de- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: practice of law, practice of profession
posed, disabled, disqualified, drooping, droopy, effete,
emasculated, exhausted, faint, faintish, feeble, figurehead, PRACTICE (Engage in), verb be employed, carry on
flaccid, forceless, fragile, frail, futile, harmless, helpless, impo- business, devote oneself to, employ, employ one’s profes-
tens, impotent, impuissant, inactive, inadequate, inapt, inca- sional skill, employ oneself in, engage in, exercere, facere,
pable, incapacitated, incompetent, indefensible, ineffective, factitare, follow a calling, follow a profession, follow as an
ineffectual, inefficacious, inept, infirm, infirmus, inoperative, occupation, labor at one’s vocation, perform the duties of,
invalidus, languid, languishing, listless, lustless, marrowless, perform the functions of, pursue, specialize, specialize in,
mightless, nerveless, nugatory, null and void, palsied, para- undertake, work at
lytic, paralyzed, pithless, pregnable, sapless, sickly, sinewless, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: practice law
spent, spineless, strengthless, submissive, superannuated,
torpid, unable, unapt, unarmed, unavailing, unempowered, PRACTICE (Train by repetition), verb acquire the habit,
unendowed, unequipped, unfit, unfortified, uninfluential, un- apply one’s self to, become familiar with, condition, cultivate
nerved, unqualified, unsteady, unstrengthened, unstrung, a habit, discipline, do repeatedly, drill, exercise, familiarize
unsupported, useless, vigorless, vincible, weak, weaponless, with, learn a habit, meditari, perfect a routine, perform re-
without authority, without force, without vitality, yielding peatedly, prepare, rehearse, school, take training, work at

PRACTICABLE, adjective achievable, attainable, capa- PRACTICED, adjective able, accomplished, adept,
ble of being done, doable, effectible, feasible, not too dif- adroit, apt, artful, canny, capable, clever, competent, con-
ficult, obtainable, operable, performable, possible, practi- versant, crafty, deft, dextrous, efficient, effortless, equipped,
cal, realizable, reasonable, within reach, within the bounds experienced, expert, facile, gifted, habituated, handy, in-
of possibility, workable formed, initiated, knowing, learned, masterful, masterly,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: as soon as practicable panurgic, prepared, proficient, qualified, resourceful, sea-
soned, shrewd, skilled, skillful, smooth, sophisticated, tal-
PRACTICAL, noun adaptable, advantageous, aiding, ented, trained, veteran, well-qualified
all-purpose, applicable, assisting, beneficial, commodious,
conducive, convenient, effective, effectual, efficacious, ef- PRACTITIONER, noun artificer, artisan, artist, attorney,
ficient, employable, expedient, expediential, fitting, func- counselor, craftsman, creative worker, journeyman, lawyer,
tional, handy, helpful, implemental, instrumental, invalu- master worker, professional, solicitor, specialist, trained
able, of general utility, operational, operative, practicable, person
profitable, serviceable, suitable, to the purpose, useful, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: legal practitioner, single practitioner,
utilitarian, utilizable, valuable, workable sole practitioner

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PRAGMATIC, adjective clear-thinking, expedient, fea- riskful, risky, shaky, slippery, thorny, threatening, ticklish,
sible, matter-of-fact, practical, rational, realistic, reasonable, tottering, treacherous, unassured, uncertain, undependable,
sensible, serviceable, sound, straight-thinking, unidealistic, unfaithworthy, unprotected, unreliable, unsafe, unsettled,
unromantic, unsentimental, useful, utilitarian unsheltered, unshielded, unsound, unstable, unsteadfast,
unsteady, unsubstantial, unsure, untrustworthy, vulnerable
PRAGMATISM, noun expedience, expediency, matter
of factness, practical attitude, practicality, practicalness, ra- PRECATORY, adjective advisory, appealing, asking,
tionality, realism, realistic attitude, realisticness, reason- beseeching, entreating, expressing entreaty, imploratory,
ableness, sensibility, sensibleness, sound thinking, unideal- imploring, importunate, pleading, suggesting, suggestive
ism, unsentimentality ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: precatory words

PRAISE, noun acclaim, acclamation, accolade, admira- PRECAUTION, noun alertness, anticipation, attention,
tion, adulation, advocacy, applause, appreciation, approba- care, carefulness, caution, circumspection, forearming,
tion, approval, celebration, commendation, compliment, foresight, forethought, guarantee, guardedness, heed,
congratulation, credit, deserved tribute, distinction, enco- heedfulness, premunition, preventive measures, prior mea-
mium, estimation, exaltation, fame, glorification, glory, sure, protection, providence, provision, prudence, safe-
homage, honor, kudos, laud, laudation, mention, panegy- guard, security, solicitude, surveillance, timely care, vigil,
ric, plaudit, prestige, recommendation, regard, remem- vigilance, wariness, warning, watch, watchfulness
brance, renown, repute, respect, testimonial, tribute ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: last clear chance doctrine, precautions
to guard against injury, standard of care
PRAISE, verb admire, adore, adulate, applaud, appro-
bate, approve, celebrate, commend, compliment, congrat- PRECEDE, verb antecede, antecedere, antedate, ante-
ulate, express admiration of, extol, flatter, glorify, hold in gredi, anteire, anticipate, be ahead of, come before, come
esteem, honor, idolize, indorse, laud, panegyrize, pay trib- first, forerun, go ahead of, go before, go in advance, go in
ute, pay tribute to, recommend, regard, value, venerate front of, harbinger, herald, introduce, lead, lead the way,
pave the way, pioneer, preexist, prepare the ground, scout,
PRATTLE, noun blather, gabble, nonsensical talk, twad- take the lead, usher in
dle, verbiage
PRECEDENCE, noun advantage, antecedence, author-
PRATTLE, verb babble, blather, chatter, gab, jabber, ity, elevation, exaltation, importance, predominance, pre-
prate, prattle, talk nonsense eminence, preference, prestige, primacy, priority, rank,
seniority, status, superiority, supremacy
PRAY, verb address a request, adjure, appeal to, apply ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: recording statute
to, ask earnestly, beseech, bid, call upon, clamor for, cry for
help, entreat, entreat persistently, impetrate, implore, im- PRECEDENT, noun archetype, authoritative decision,
portune, make a request, make earnest petition for, make authoritative example, authoritative principle of law, au-
supplication, obtest, orare, petition, plead, precari, prefer a thoritative rule, authority, basis, criterion, example, exem-
petition, prefer a request, press, put up petitions, raise up plum, foundation, frame of reference, guide, judicial ante-
one’s voice, requisition, rogare, solicit, supplicate, urge, cedent, justification, maxim, model, model instance, point
urge persistently, urge repeatedly of comparison, preceding instance, precept, precursor,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: pray for relief in a complaint predecessor, prior instance, rule, rule for future determina-
tions, rule for future guidance, standard
PRAYER, noun application, application for relief, be- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: collateral estoppel, condition prece-
seechment, call, claim, earnest entreaty, earnest request, dent, controlling authority, precedent sub silentio, res judi-
entreaty, humble entreaty, imploratio, imploration, impor- cata, stare decisis
tunity, invocation, motion, petition, plea, precatio, request,
request for relief, request for the aid of the court, requisi- PRECEDING, adjective above-mentioned, above-
tion, solemn entreaty, supplication, urgent request, votum named, antecedent, anterior, before mentioned, earlier,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: prayer for relief first-named, former, inaugural, introductory, precedent,
precessional, precursive, precursory, preexistent, prefatory,
PREAMBLE, noun beginning, exordium, foreword, preliminary, preludial, prelusive, prelusory, preparatory,
foundation, introduction, introductory part, introductory prevenient, previous, prior, superior
statement, lead, opening, preface, prefatory note, prelude,
prelusion, proem, prolegomenon, prologue PRECEPT, noun axiom, canon, charge, code, command,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: preamble to a constitution commandment, decree, dictate, direction, doctrine,
dogma, edict, fiat, guide, injunction, instruction, law, legal
PREARRANGE, verb agree to beforehand, arrange be- order, mandate, order, ordinance, praeceptum, praescrip-
forehand, arrange in advance, concoct, consider beforehand, tum, prescript, principle, regulation, requirement, rubric,
ensure a result, forearm, foreordain, lay down a plan, map rule, statute, teaching, tenet, warrant, writ
out, plan, plot, preconcert, precontrive, predesign, predesti- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: legal precept
nate, predestine, predetermine, preestablish, premeditate,
preorder, prepare, preresolve, project, resolve beforehand PRECIOUS, adjective adorable, beloved, cherished,
darling, dear, disarming, endearing, favored, favorite, fond,
PRECARIOUS, adjective alarming, chancy, change- invaluable, loved, pet, precious, priceless, rare, special,
able, critical, crumbling, dangerous, defenseless, delicate, sweet, winning, winsome
doubtful, dubious, dubius, equivocal, exposed, fraught with
danger, full of risk, guardless, hazardous, impermanent, in- PRECIPITATE, adjective abrupt, breakneck, foolhardy,
certus, infirm, insecure, jeopardous, menacing, perilous, harebrained, hasty, headlong, headstrong, heady, hellbent,

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hot-headed, hurried, immediate, impetuous, imprudent, quintessence, requirement, requisite, reservation, rudi-
impulsive, inconsultus, indiscreet, injudicious, madcap, ments, rule, sine qua non, stipulation, strings, terms
overconfident, overly hasty, praeceps, precipitant, precipi-
tous, quick, rapid, rash, reckless, rushed, speedy, sudden, PRECURSOR, noun advance guard, ancestor, an-
swift, temerarius, thoughtless, uncalculating, unexpected, nouncer, antecedent, augury, avant-courier, forebearer,
unprepared for, violent, wild forefather, foregoer, forerunner, guide, harbinger, herald,
omen, parent, pathfinder, patriarch, pioneer, portent, prae-
PRECIPITATE (Hasten), verb accelerare, accelerate, ad- cursor, praenuntius, precedent, predecessor, preparation,
vance, bring on, expedite, forward, further, hurry, make preparer, presage, preview, prodrome, prognostic, scout,
haste, maturare, praecipitare, quicken, rush, speed, speed sign, token, usher, vanguard, warning
up, spur, urge forward
PRECURSORY, adjective advance, antecedent, begin-
PRECIPITATE (Throw down violently), verb catapult, chuck, ning, earlier, exploratory, first, foregoing, forerunning,
deicere, discharge, drop, ejaculate, expel, fell, fling, fling foreshadowing, forewarning, foundational, inaugural, inau-
downward, heave, hurl headlong, jaculate, launch, let fall, let guratory, initiatory, introductory, leading, praecurrentia,
fly, pitch, praecipitare, project, propel, send flying, send forth, precedent, preceding, precursive, prefatory, preliminary,
send headlong, shoot, shy, throw down, throw headlong, toss preludial, preludious, prelusive, prelusory, preparatory,
prevenient, previous, prior, prognosticative
PRECISE, adjective accurate, careful, clean-cut, clear-cut,
close, correct, critical, defined, definite, detailed, determi- PREDATORY, adjective bloodthirsty, carnivorous, de-
nate, diligens, distinct, elegans, even, exact, explicit, express, predatory, devouring, greedy, living by prey, lupine, pillag-
faithful, fastidious, faultless, finical, finicky, flawless, fussy, in- ing, plundering, praedabundus, praedatorius, predacious,
flexible, literal, methodical, meticulous, narrow, painstaking, predative, raiding, rapacious, raptorial, ravaging, ravening,
particular, precisian, proper, punctilious, punctual, rigid, rigor- ravenous, spoliatory, voracious, vulturine, vulturish, vultur-
ous, scientific, scrupulous, severe, sharply defined, specific, ous, wolfish
stiff, strict, thorough, truthful, unambiguous, unbending, un-
compromising, unequivocal, unerring, watchful, well-defined PREDECESSOR, noun ancestor, antecedent, antecessor,
elder, forebearer, forefather, foregoer, foreparent, forerun-
PRECLUDE, verb ban, bar, bar from access, block, check, ner, former incumbent, former officeholder, founder, origi-
choke, control, cramp, cripple, curb, cut off, debar, defeat, nator, patriarch, precursor, procreator, progenitor
detain, deter, discourage, encumber, estop, exclude, foil,
forbid, foreclose, frustrate, handicap, hinder, impede, inter- PREDETERMINATION, noun aim, bias, closed-minded-
fere with, interrupt, make impossible, obstruct, oppose, ness, conclusion beforehand, conclusion in advance, deci-
override, preempt, prevent, prohibere, prohibit, regulate, sion beforehand, decision in advance, destined lot, destiny,
restrain, restrict, retard, stay, stop, thwart fate, fixed future, force of circumstances, foredoom, fore-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: estoppel, preclude from introducing gone conclusion, forejudgment, foreordainment, fore-
into evidence thought, fortune, goal, inevitability, inevitableness, inexo-
rable fate, intention, jaundice, kismet, lot, object, objective,
PRECLUSION, noun ban, bar, curb, exclusion, forestall- one-sidedness, partiality, preapprehension, preconception,
ing, interference, obstruction, obviation, opposition, over- preconclusion, predecision, predeliberation, predestina-
ride, preemption, prevention, prohibition, regulation, re- tion, predetermined course of events, prejudgment, preju-
straint, restriction dice, premeditation, prenotion, prepossession, preresolu-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: claim preclusion, issue preclusion, tion, presumption, presupposal, presupposition,
preclusion order, statutory preclusion presurmise, purpose, resolve, undetachment, will

PRECOGNITION, noun clairvoyance, foreboding, fore- PREDETERMINE, verb agree beforehand, be biased, be
knowledge, foresight, forethought, perception, prenotion, influenced, be jaundiced, be prejudiced, be prepossessed,
presage, prescience, presentiment be swayed, contrive a result, decide beforehand, decide in
advance, destinate, destine, determine beforehand, de-
PRECONCEIVE, verb anticipate, assume, be biased, be termine in advance, doom, fate, forecast, forejudge, fore-
jaundiced, be prejudiced, forejudge, foresee, have a bias, ordain, foreordinate, intend, jump to a conclusion, map
have foreknowledge, incline, intuit, judge beforehand, out, ordain, plan, praefinire, praestituere, prearrange,
jump to a conclusion, praeiudicare, preapprehend, precog- preconceive, preconclude, preconsider, predecide, predes-
nize, preconclude, predecide, predetermine, predict, pre- tinate, predestine, predispose, preestablish, prejudge,
dispose, prejudge, prepossess, presume, presuppose, premeditate, preordain, preresolve, presume, presuppose,
presurmise, surmise presurmise, project, reserve, resolve beforehand

PRECONCEPTION, noun anticipation, assumption, bent, PREDICAMENT, noun adverse circumstances, adver-
bias, fixed idea, foregone conclusion, forejudgment, inclina- sity, angustiae, barrier, case, circumstance, complication,
tion, leaning, partiality, praeiudicata opinio, preapprehen- condition, conjuncture, corner, crisis, critical situation, dan-
sion, preconceived idea, preconclusion, predetermination, ger, dangerous condition, difficultas, difficulty, dilemma,
preestimate, prejudgment, prejudication, prejudice, preju- embarrassing position, embarrassment, emergency, entan-
diced view, prenotion, prepossession, presentiment, pre- glement, exigency, fix, hole, imbroglio, impasse, impedi-
sumption, presupposal, presupposition, presurmise ment, intricacy, jeopardy, mess, misfortune, obstacle, ob-
struction, occurrence, pass, perplexity, pinch, plight,
PRECONDITION, noun contingency, demand, funda- position, posture, precariousness, pressure, quandary,
mentals, meat and potatoes, must, necessity, need, nuts scrape, situation, sorry plight, state, straits, tight situation,
and bolts, prerequisite, principle, provision, qualification, tight spot, trial, trouble, trying situation

505
 PREDICATE

PREDICATE, adjective assume, base, contend, estab- override, overrule, oversee, overshadow, play a leading
lish, found, ground, hang a hat on, maintain, postulate, part, praepollere, prevail, pull the strings, reign, rule, rule
premise, presume, presuppose, rest, suppose over, supervise, sway, take the lead, vincere
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: a predicate to pleading a case, a
predicate to charging a crime PREDOMINATE (Outnumber), verb be in the majority,
be rife, be superior in number, eclipse, exceed, go beyond,
PREDICATE, verb assume, base, believe, conceive, con- outrank, outrival, outstrip, outweigh, overtop, plures esse,
clude, conjecture, establish, figure, found, ground, guess, preponderate, rise above, surpass
hang, imagine, perceive, postulate, premise, presume,
presuppose, rest, suppose PREEMINENT, adjective best, capital, cardinal, central,
chief, distinguished, dominant, eminent, grandest, greatest,
PREDICT, verb adumbrate, advise, announce in advance, highest, illustrious, leading, master, matchless, mighty, noble,
anticipate, augur, auspicate, betoken, bode, divine, envision, notable, noteworthy, number one, paramount, predominant,
forebode, forecast, foreknow, foresee, foreshadow, fore- premier, primary, prominent, unequaled, unparalleled
show, forespeak, foretell, foretoken, forewarn, give notice,
herald, indicate, indicate beforehand, make a prediction, PREEMPT, verb acquire beforehand, annex, appropriate,
make a prognosis, notify, omen, ominate, point to, portend, appropriate for use, arrogate to oneself, assume, capture,
praedicere, preannounce, preindicate, premonish, premon- catch, exclude, force from, gain possession, impropriate,
strate, presage, presignify, prognose, prognosticate, prom- invade, obtain, occupy, preclude, preoccupy, seize, take,
ise, prophesy, read, read the future, signify, soothsay, tell take over, take possession of, usurp
fortunes, tell the future, vaticinari, vaticinate, warn ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: doctrine of federal preemption, pre-
emption in filing, preemptive right, preemptive right of
PREDILECTION, noun affection, affinity, appetence, ap- shareholders, right of preemption
petency, appetite, attachment, bent, bias, choice, desire,
disposition, fancy, favor, fondness, inclination, infatuation, PREEMPTION, noun appropriation, displacement, ex-
leaning, liking, love, partiality, partisanship, penchant, pre- clusion, preclusion, replacement, substitution, supersed-
disposition, preference, prejudgment, prejudice, prepos- ence, supersession, supervention, supplanting
session, proneness, propensity, studium, taste, tendency ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: federal preemption, preemption doctrine

PREDISPOSITION, noun affection, appetence, appe- PREEXISTING, adjective antecedent, anterior, earlier,
tency, appetite, aptitude, aptness, ardor, attachment, at- preexistent, previous, prior
traction, bent, bias, cast, character, desire, disposition, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: preexisting condition, preexisting debt
fancy, favor, favoritism, fondness, foregone conclusion, in-
clinatio, inclination, keenness, leaning, liking, longing, nat- PREFACE, noun beginning, commencement, exordium,
ural tendency, nature, partiality, penchant, preapprehen- foreword, introduction, introductory part, opening, over-
sion, preconception, preconclusion, preconsideration, ture, praefatio, preamble, prefatory note, preliminary com-
predecision, predetermination, predilection, preference, ment, preliminary statement, prelude, prelusion, proem,
prejudice, prepossession, proclivitas, proclivity, proneness, prolegomenon, prolusion, prooemium
propenseness, propension, propensity, readiness, studium,
susceptibility, taste, temperament, tendency, turn, warp, PREFACE, verb advance, begin, commence, head, her-
weakness, willingness, wish, yearning, zeal ald, inaugurate, initiate, institute, introduce, launch, lead in,
lead the way, make a start, open, place before, praefari,
PREDOMINANCE, noun almightiness, ascendency, au- preamble, precede, prelude, put first, say in advance, set in
thority, command, control, controlling influence, domi- motion, start, usher in
nance, domination, dominion, influence, jurisdiction, lead,
leadership, mastery, mightiness, omnipotence, para- PREFER, verb adopt, advance, anteponere, approve, be
mountcy, potentia, power, predominancy, predomination, fond of, be partial to, bring forward, choose, cling to, dig-
prepollence, prepollency, prepotency, principatus, puis- nify, elect, elevate, embrace, espouse, fancy, favor, fix
sance, pull, regency, reign, rule, seniority, sovereignty, upon, further, graduate, grant favors to, have a fancy for,
strength, superiority, supremacy, supreme authority, sway, indulge one’s fancy, lean toward, like better, move up, pa-
upper hand, weight tronize, pick, pick out, play favorites, praeoptare, praepo-
nere, prize, promote, pull strings for, put forward, raise,
PREDOMINANT, adjective abundant, all-powerful, al- recommend, sanction, select, set above others, show pref-
mighty, ascendant, authoritative, cogent, commanding, erence, single out, take a fancy to, take to, tend, think bet-
common, controlling, dominant, dominating, effective, effi- ter, treat with partiality, value
cacious, epidemic, extensive, forceful, foremost, general,
governing, important, influential, mighty, omnipotent, over- PREFERABLE, adjective above par, better, choice, cho-
powering, overruling, pandemic, paramount, potent, power- sen, deserving of preference, enjoyable, excellent, excel-
ful, praepollens, preponderant, prevailing, prevalent, princi- ling, favorite, good, likable, melior, more advantageous,
pal, puissant, rampant, recognized, regnant, reigning, rife, more desirable, more in demand, more pleasing, more
ruling, sovereign, strong, superior, supervisory, supreme, popular, more select, picked, potior, preferred, relishable,
weighty, widely recognized, widespread selected, superior, surpassing, worthy of choice

PREDOMINATE (Command), verb administer, be sover- PREFERENCE (Choice), noun bias, discretion, disposi-
eign, be supreme, carry weight, command, determine, di- tion, election, fancy, favorite, inclination, leaning, liking,
rect, dominate, gain the upper hand, govern, guide, have option, partiality, preconceived liking, predilection,
influence, have sway, have the upper hand, hold dominion, prejudice, proclivity, proneness, propensity, selection
hold office, influence, lead, manage, master, mastermind, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: preferred risk

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 PREMEDITATION

PREFERENCE (Priority), noun advancement, advantage, jaundice, persuade, predetermine, predispose, prejudge,
benefit, favored treatment, front position, praepositio, pre- prepossess unfavorably, present with bias, prevail over,
cedence, preeminence, preferment, preferred standing, slant, sway, turn, twist, warp, win over
seniority ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: prejudice the trier of fact
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: calendar preference, fraudulent con-
veyances, fraudulent preference, preferred stock, unlawful PREJUDICE (Injure), verb affect detrimentally, cause
preference, voidable preference damage to, cause detriment, cause pain, damage, demolish,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Qui prior est tempore potior est jure. He destroy, devastate, disadvantage, disservice, exacerbate,
who is first in time is first in right. Prior tempore potior harm, hurt, impair, inflict injury, maim, mar, play havoc with,
jure. First in time, superior in right. ravage, ruin, spoil, taint, weaken, wound, wreck, wrong
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: prejudicial error
PREFERENTIAL, adjective advantageous, better, bi-
ased, choice, desired, discriminating, discriminative, dis- PREJUDICIAL, adjective biased, colored, damaging,
tinguished, elite, exceptional, exclusive, extraordinary, damnosus, deleterious, destructive, detrimental, directed
favored, first-rate, high-grade, marked, outstanding, par- against, disadvantageous, disserviceable, harmful, hostile,
amount, partial, partisan, preferred, priority, privileged, hurtful, inimical, injurious, nocens, noxius, opinionated,
prize, recommended, select, selected, selective, special, partisan, pernicious, preconceived, preconceptual, prede-
superb, superior cisive, predispositional, prepossessed, slanted, tending to
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: preferential treatment impair, tending to obstruct, unfavorable, unjust
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: prejudicial error
PREFERRED (Favored), adjective adopted, approved,
choice, chosen, decided upon, elected, endorsed, espe- PRELIMINARY, adjective aforementioned, antecedent,
cially liked, fancied, favorite, handpicked, liked, picked out, anterior, beginning, coming before, early, exordial, forego-
preferable, preferential, selected, set apart, settled upon, ing, former, inaugural, incipient, initial, initiatory, introduc-
singled out, special, taken tory, opening, original, preceding, precursive, precursory,
preexisting, prefatory, preludial, prelusive, prelusory, pre-
PREFERRED (Given priority), adjective first, given pref- parative, preparatory, prevenient, previous, primary, prior,
erence, having priority, having seniority, placed in advance, proemial, starting, trial
preceding, prior ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: preliminary agreement, preliminary
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: preferred stock, voidable preference hearing, preliminary injunction, preliminary notice, pre-
liminary plea, preliminary relief, preliminary restraining
PREFERRED PROVIDER ORGANIZATION, noun care order
plan, comprehensive health plan, controlled medical cover-
age, discounted health membership group, discounted PRELUDE, noun beginning, commencement, exordium,
provider network, network of medical care providers, orga- foreword, inauguration, inception, induction, initiation, in-
nization of medical providers, PPO troduction, opening, outset, overture, preamble, preface,
Generally: supervised medical services, plan organization preliminary part, prelusion, preparation, proem, prologue,
Specifically: employer-sponsored plan prooemium, start

PREJUDGE, verb condemn beforehand, forejudge, judge PREMATURE, adjective ahead of time, anticipatory,
before hearing, judge beforehand, judge in advance, jump before time, embryonic, green, hasty, ill-considered, ill-
to a conclusion, praeiudicare, preconceive, preconclude, timed, immaturus, inchoate, inopportune, mistimed, over-
precondemn, preconsider, predecide, predetermine, pre- hasty, praematurus, precipitate, rash, raw, sooner than
estimate, prejudicate, presume, presuppose, presurmise, due, sooner than intended, too early, too soon, unantici-
resolve beforehand, rush to conclusion pated, underripe, undeveloped, unformed, unmatured,
unprepared, unready, unripe, unseasonable, untimely
PREJUDICE (Injury), noun damage, detriment, detri- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: exhaustion of remedies, premature
mentum, disadvantage, harm, hurt, impairment, injustice, action
irreversible damage, loss, unfairness, wrong
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: absence of prejudice, dismissal with PREMEDITATED, adjective aforethought, calculated,
prejudice, dismissal without prejudice, prejudice to a par- conscious, considered, deliberate, deliberately intended,
ty’s rights, prejudicial error foreordained, intended, intentional, maturely considered,
outlined beforehand, planned, planned beforehand,
PREJUDICE (Preconception), noun bent, bias, discrimi- planned in advance, plotted, prearranged, preconsidered,
nation, favoritism, forejudgment, inclination, intolerance, precontrived, predeliberated, predesigned, predetermi-
leaning, narrow-mindedness, one-sidedness, opinio praeiu- nated, predetermined, predevised, preresolved, reasoned,
dicata, partiality, partisanship, personal bias, preconceived studied, thought out, well-considered, well-devised, will-
idea, preconceived notion, preconception, predetermina- ful, with forethought
tion, predilection, predisposition, preference, prejudg- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: intent, malice aforethought, premedi-
ment, prepossession, provincialism, slant, subjectivity, un- tated crime, premeditated murder
reasonable bias
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: disqualification for bias PREMEDITATION, noun advance planning, afore-
thought, deliberate intent, deliberate intention, design,
PREJUDICE (Influence), verb affect, bear upon, bend to distinct purpose, forethought, machination, praemeditatio,
one’s will, bias, bring pressure to bear, carry weight, color, prearrangement, preconsideration, predeliberation, prede-
convince, distort, exercise influence over, exercise influ- termination, preresolution, previous deliberation, previous
ence upon, exert influence, gain over, give an inclination, reflection, prior determination
have influence over, have influence upon, influence against, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: intent

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 PREMISE

PREMISE, noun assumption, axiom, basis, belief, con- PREPARATION, noun anticipation, apprenticeship, ar-
clusion, foundation, given, ground, hypothesis, hypotheti- rangement, background, basis, building, development,
cal, postulate, precept, presumption, presupposition, prin- education, equipment, establishment, evolution, foresight,
ciple, rule, standard, supposition, tenet, theory, thesis, forethought, foundation, groundwork, initiation, instruc-
truism, verity tion, making ready, neophytism, novitiate, plan, precau-
tion, preliminaries, preliminary step, premunition, prior
PREMISE, verb accept, affirm, assume, base, believe, measure, probation, providence, provision, prudence,
claim, conceive, conclude, conjecture, contend, credit, de- qualification, readiness, readying, rehearsal, safeguard,
clare, deduce, figure, gather, hypothesize, infer, judge, teaching, training
postulate, presume, presuppose, profess, reckon, say, sup- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: preparation for trial, preparation of a
pose, surmise, suspect, take, theorize, think crime

PREMISES (Buildings), noun aedificium, bounds, domi- PREPARATORY, adjective anticipatory, beginning, early,
ciles, domus, dwellings, edifices, grounds, homes, house expectant, foundational, inaugural, inceptive, incipient,
with the grounds belonging to it, land, limits, lodgings, initial, initiative, initiatory, introductory, opening, precau-
piece of land, place, property, quarters, real estate, resi- tionary, precedent, preceding, precursory, prefatory,
dences, structures, tract of land preliminary, preludial, prelusive, prelusory, preparative,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: premises liability prepositional, prior, proemial, provident, qualifying, starting
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: preparatory acts
PREMISES (Hypotheses), noun affirmations, assertions,
assumed positions, axioms, bases, foundations, grounds, PREPAY, verb defray in advance, discharge in advance,
positions, postulates, principia, terms, theorems, theses give compensation for in advance, make payment in ad-
vance, meet the bill ahead of time, pay in advance, preset-
PREMIUM, adjective best, capital, choice, desirable, tle, satisfy in advance, settle in advance, tender in advance
elect, estimable, excellent, fine, finest, first-class, first-rate, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: prepayment clause
grade A, high-grade, high-quality, incomparable, inimita-
ble, matchless, peerless, precious, prime, quality, second to PREPONDERANCE, noun dominance, domination,
none, select, specially selected, splendid, superb, super- majority, outweighing, paramountcy, plurality, predomi-
fine, superior, superlative, top-notch, unbeatable, un- nance, predomination, preeminence, prepollence, pre-
equaled, unmatched, unparalleled, unrivaled, unsurpassed, pollency, preponderancy, preponderation, prevalence,
very fine, worthy superiority
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: preponderance of the credible evidence
PREMIUM (Excess value), noun amount over par,
bonus, bounty, charge beyond normal, charge to excess, PREPOSTEROUS, adjective absurd, bizarre, crazy,
excessive charge, extra, incentive, increased value, over- extravagant, fanciful, foolish, implausible, inconceivable,
charge, prize incredible, insane, nonsensical, outrageous, ridiculous,
unbelievable, unimaginable, unreal, unthinkable, wild
PREMIUM (Insurance payment), noun amount paid pe-
riodically, annual commitment, annual encumbrance, annual PREREQUISITE, noun condition, demand, essential
fee, annual installment, annual liability, annual obligation, desideratum, exigency, fundamental, groundwork, indis-
annual payment, annual rate of insurance, annual remit- pensable item, necessary condition, necessary item, neces-
tance, contract payment, periodic payment, yearly payment sity, need, needed item, precondition, preliminary condi-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: assessment of a premium, earned tion, pressing need, prior condition, proviso, requirement,
premiums, gross premium, net premium, reduction of requisite, specification, stipulation, vital part
premium ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: condition precedent, jurisdictional
prerequisite
PREMONITION, noun augury, auspice, boding, caution,
divination, evil adumbration, feeling, foreboding, forefeeling, PREROGATIVE, noun advantage, authority, authoriza-
foreshadowing, foretoken, forewarning, hunch, intimation, tion, benefit, charter, claim, droit, due, exclusive privilege,
misgiving, monitio, monitum, omen, portent, prediction, exclusive right, franchise, freedom, grant, inalienable right,
premonishment, prenotification, presage, presentiment, legal power, liberty, license, perquisite, power, preference,
presurmise, prevision, prewarning, sign, warning prior right, priority, privilege, right, rightful power, sanction,
special right, title, vested right, warrant
PREOCCUPATION, noun absorbed interest, absorption, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: managerial prerogative, prerogative writ
abstraction, attentiveness, concentration, daydreaming,
deep study, depth of thought, devotion, distraction, dream- PRESAGE, verb adumbrate, advise, announce in ad-
iness, engrossment, enthrallment, fascination, fixation, fixed vance, anticipate, augur, augurari, augurate, auspicate, be-
idea, idée fixe, immersion, intentness, involvement, musing, token, bode, divine, envision, forebode, forecast, foreknow,
obsession, pensiveness, praeoccupatio, prepossession, pro- foresee, foreshadow, foreshow, foretell, foretoken, fore-
found thought, rapt attention, reverie, study, trance warn, have a presentiment, impend, indicate beforehand,
indicate in advance, judge the future, make a prediction,
PREORDAIN, verb appoint beforehand, appoint in ad- omen, ominate, point to, portend, portendere, praesagire,
vance, decide in advance, decree beforehand, destine, de- predict, prefigurate, prefigure, preindicate, premonstrate,
termine beforehand, enact beforehand, establish before- preshow, presignify, prewarn, prognosticate, promise,
hand, fix beforehand, foredoom, forejudge, foreshadow, prophesy, signify, soothsay, threaten, vaticinate, warn
preconceive, preconclude, preconsider, predecide, prede-
liberate, predestine, predetermine, preestablish, prejudge, PRESAGEFUL, adjective augural, augurial, auspicial,
preresolve, resolve beforehand foreboding, monitory, ominous, portentous

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 PRESIDE

PRESCRIBE, verb administer, advocate, bid, charge, close at hand, close by, convenient, handy, in attendance,
command, conduct, control, decide, decree, demand, des- in the company of, in the presence of, in the vicinity, in
ignate, dictate, direct, enjoin, exact, exercise authority, view, near at hand, nearby, nigh, on hand, on the spot,
give a directive, give a mandate, give an order, give direc- praesens, proximate, unremoved, vicinal, within reach
tions, guide, impose, instruct, issue an order, lay out, lead,
mandate, mark out, ordain, order, pilot, praescribere, pre- PRESENT (Current), adjective at hand, at this moment,
vail over, proclaim, regulate, require, set, steer, superin- at this time, attendant, available, contemporaneous, con-
tend, write a prescription temporary, current, existent, existing, extant, going on,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: prescribe remedies, prescribed by law here, immediate, in view, instant, latest, living, modern,
near, near in time, nigh, on the spot, praesens, present-day,
PRESCRIPTION (Claim of title), noun authority, claim, present-time, prevalent, ready, recent, topical, ubiquitary,
inalienable right, interest, license, prerogative, right, vested ubiquitous, unremoved, up-to-date, up-to-the-minute
interest, vested right ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: clear and present danger, present abil-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: adverse possession, easement by pre- ity, present consideration, present controversy, present
scription, right by prescription, title by prescription enjoyment, present gift, present interest, present transfer
FOREIGN PHRASES: Praescriptio et executio non pertinent ad
valorem contractus, set ad tempus et modum actionis PRESENT (Introduce), verb demonstrate, disclose, dis-
instituendae. Prescription and execution do not affect the play, exhibit, expose to view, give an introduction, introdu-
validity of the contract, but the time and manner of instituting cere, make acquainted, make an introduction, make known,
an action. Usucapio constituta est ut aliquis litium finis offer, offer evidence, open to view, propose, put forth, set
esset. Prescription was established so that there be an end to forth, show, suggest, uncover, unveil
lawsuits. Nihil praescribitur nisi quod possidetur. There is ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: present a case, present evidence
no prescription for that which is not possessed. Interruptio
multiplex non tollit praescriptionem semel obtentam. PRESENT (Make a gift), verb accord, allot, award, be-
Frequent interruptions do not defeat a prescription once ob- queath, bestow, confer, contribute, convey, deed, deliver,
tained. Praescriptio est titulus ex usu et tempore substan- dispense, dole out, donare, donate, endow, extend, fur-
tiam capiens ab auctoritate legis. Prescription is a title by nish, give, give as a gift, give over, grant, hand, hand over,
authority of law, deriving its force from use and time. impart, let have, make over, mete out, munerari, offer,
place at one’s disposal, proffer, provide, remit, render, sup-
PRESCRIPTION (Custom), noun convention, conven- ply, tender, vouchsafe
tional usage, fashion, habit, institution, observance, prac-
tice, precedent, tradition, usage, use PRESENT (Prefer charges), verb accuse, blame, charge,
cite, criminate, fix the responsibility, implicate, impute, in-
PRESCRIPTION (Directive), noun act, authority, axiom, criminate, lodge a complaint, prefer charges
canon, charge, command, decree, dictate, direction, doc- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: present an indictment
trine, edict, enactment, formula, formulary, injunction, in-
struction, law, maxim, measure, order, ordinance, precept, PRESENTMENT, noun accusation, arraignment, charge,
prescript, principle, proposal, regulation, rubric, rule, rul- citation, imputation, indictment, information
ing, statute, theorem
PRESERVATION, noun care, cherishing, conservation,
PRESCRIPTIVE, adjective accepted, acknowledge, ac- curing, custody, defense, eternization, freedom from dan-
knowledge through possession, acknowledge through use, ger, guardianship, guarding, immortalization, maintenance,
admitted, binding, commanded by long use, commanding, nourishment, nurture, perpetuation, protection, protective
compulsory, customary, decretal, determined, dictated, custody, safeguarding, safekeeping, safety, salvation, sanc-
established, fixed, legalized, long-established, longstand- tuary, saving, security, shielding, storage, support, tuitio,
ing, obligatory, ordained by custom, popular, preceptive, upkeep, ward, wardship
prescribed, recognized, recognized because of continued
possession, recognized through use, required by custom, PRESERVE, verb attend to, bolster, care for, champion,
rooted, set, settled, time-honored, traditional, traditive, cherish, condire, conserve, continue, cure, defend, econo-
understood, unwritten, usual, vested, wonted mize, ensconce, ensure, favor, foster, give support, guard,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: prescriptive rights harbor, haven, hoard, house, husband, insure, keep, keep
alive, keep from harm, keep intact, keep safe, keep sound,
PRESCRIPTIVISM, noun a theory of the study of lan- keep under cover, keep up, keep watch over, lend support,
guage, linguistic prescription, prescription, rules of gram- look after, maintain, mind, minister to, nourish, patronize,
mar, rules of language, standard usage, standard use perpetuate, prolong, promote, protect, protect from injury,
provide for, provide sanctuary, put away, reinforce, rescue,
PRESENCE (Attendance), noun being, nearness, prae- safeguard, save, screen, secure, servare, shelter, shield,
sentia, proximity, sojournment, visitation shield from danger, shield from injury, spare, stand behind,
support, sustain, sustinere, take care of, tend, treasure, tueri,
PRESENCE (Poise), noun air, appearance, aspect, bear- uphold, watch, watch over
ing, behavior, carriage, comportment, conduct, decorum, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: preserve one’s rights, preserve re-
demeanor, deportment, gentility, guise, image, look, man- cords, preserve the peace
ner, mien, ostent, outward show, personality, posture, pre-
sentation, refinement, semblance, style, visage, way, ways PRESIDE, verb act as chairman, act as president, admin-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: demeanor of a witness ister, administrate, assume command, be at the head of, be
in authority, be in charge, be in the chair, be the chairman,
PRESENT (Attendant), adjective accessible, accounted chair, command, control, direct, exercise supervision, gov-
for, adjacent, at close quarters, at hand, available, close, ern, guide, have authority over, have control, head, hold a

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position of authority, hold authority, hold sway, hold the dignity, distinction, éclat, eminence, esteem, estimation,
chair, keep order, lead, manage, occupy the chair, officiate, exaltation, fama, fame, famousness, favor, force, glamor,
overlook, oversee, pilot, praesidere, regulate, reign, rule, gloria, glory, good repute, grandeur, greatness, high honor,
steer, superintend, supervise, sway, take care of, take high repute, honor, illustriousness, import, importance,
charge, take over, wield authority influence, influentiality, luster, majesty, mark, name, nobil-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: preside over a hearing, preside over ity, nomen, notability, note, noteworthiness, notoriety,
court, presiding justice, presiding officer paramountcy, place, position, potency, power, precedence,
predominance, predomination, preeminence, primacy,
PRESS, noun authors, columnists, commentators, con- prominence, public favor, rank, regard, renown, reputation,
tributors, correspondents, editors, interviewers, journalistic repute, respect, significance, splendor, standing, station,
writers, journalists, literary publications, media, members of status, superiority, sway, weight, worth
the media, members of the press, news business, news
gatherers, newsmen, newspaper world, newspaperman, PRESUME, verb anticipate, apprehend, assume, be-
newspapers, newswriters, publicists, publishers, reporters lieve, come to a hasty conclusion, conceive, conclude,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: censorship, First Amendment, freedom conjecture, consider as true, consider probable, contem-
of speech, freedom of the press plate, count upon, dare say, deduce, deem, derive, divine,
estimate, expect, forejudge, form an opinion, gather,
PRESS (Beseech), verb adjure, appeal, ask earnestly, beg, guess, hazard a guess, hypothesize, infer, judge, jump to
call upon, enjoin, entreat, exhort, impetrate, implore, im- conclusions, opine, perceive as true, posit, postulate, pre-
portune, petition, plead, request, supplicate, urge, urgere conceive, prejudge, presuppose, presurmise, regard as
axiomatic, speculate, sumere, suppose, surmise, suspect,
PRESS (Constrain), verb bear down on, bind, bring pres- take for granted, take without proof, theorize, think, think
sure to bear, coerce, command, compel, decree, demand, likely, understand, venture
drive, enforce, exact, extort, force, impel, impose, insist, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: presume innocence
make, make necessary, necessitate, obligate, oblige, order,
put pressure on, put under obligation, require, take no PRESUMPTION, noun anticipation, assumption, belief,
denial, urge forward, wring conception, coniectura, conjecture, deduction, ground for
believing, hypothesis, inference, likelihood, opinio, opin-
PRESS (Goad), verb aggravate, agonize, annoy, badger, ion, postulate, predilection, predisposition, premise, pre-
beset, bother, browbeat, carp at, disquiet, drive, harry, supposition, probability, reasonable supposition, required
heckle, hector, hound, incite, instigare, instigate, irritate, assumption, required legal assumption, speculation, strong
molest, persecute, pester, plague, prod, provoke, put pres- probability, supposition, surmise
sure on, stir up, taunt, tease, torment, trouble, vex, worry ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: conclusive presumption, disputable
presumption, presumption against suicide, presumption of
PRESSING, adjective acute, cogent, compelling, com- authority, presumption of constitutionality, presumption of
pulsory, constraining, critical, crucial, demanded, demand- continuance, presumption of death, presumption of deliv-
ing, driving, essential, exacting, exigent, forceful, grave, ery, presumption of innocence, presumption of knowledge,
high priority, impelling, imperative, important, importu- presumption of law, presumption of legitimacy, presump-
nate, indispensable, major, mandatory, necessary, needed, tion of regularity, rebuttable presumption, statutory
obligatory, operose, peremptory, prerequisite, relentless, presumption
required, requisite, serious, urgent, vital FOREIGN PHRASES: Cuicunque aliquis quid concedit conce-
dere videtur et id, sine quo res ipsa esse non potuit. One
PRESSURE, noun anxiety, anxiousness, brunt, brute who grants anything to another is held to grant also that
force, burden, coercion, compulsion, constraining force, without which the thing is worthless. Lex judicat de rebus
constraint, controlling power, crisis, drive, duress, encum- necessario faciendis quasi re ipsa factis. The law judges
brance, exertion, exhortation, exigency, force, hardship, of things which must necessarily be done as if they were
heaviness, hindrance, imperativeness, importunateness, actually done. Novatio non praesumitur. A novation is not
influence, influentiality, insistence, intensity, intimidation, presumed. Nemo praesumitur malus. No one is presumed
load, necessity, need, obligation, oppression, persuasion, to be wicked. Nemo praesumitur ludere in extremis. No
pondus, power, power of directing, power of impelling, one is presumed to be jesting while at the point of death.
press, pull, push, strain, stress, sway, tension, undue influ- Nihil nequam est praesumendum. Nothing wicked should
ence, urgency, vis, weight be presumed. Semper praesumitur pro legitimatione pu-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: undue influence erorum. The presumption always is in favor of the legitimacy
of children. Stabit praesumptio donec probetur in con-
PRESSURE, verb adjure, advocate, bear down, beg, trarium. A presumption stands until the contrary is proven.
beseech, blandish, cajole, coax, coerce, command, compel, Praesumptiones sunt conjecturae exsigno verisimili ad
constrain, drive, entreat, exhort, force, goad, implore, in- probandum assumptae. Presumptions are conjectures
duce, influence, insist, intimidate, oppress, persuade, from probable proof, assumed for purposes of proof. Fraus
plead, press, prod, push, request, solicit, stress, urge est odiosa et non praesumenda. Fraud is odious and will
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: coercion, duress, intimidation, undue not be presumed. Donatio non praesumitur. A gift is not
influence presumed to have been made. Nemo praesumitur donare.
No one is presumed to have made a gift. Favorabiliores rei,
PRESTIDIGITATION, noun conjuring, deluding, illusion, potius quam actores, habentur. The condition of the de-
juggling, legerdemain, magic, palming, sleight of hand, fendant is to be favored rather than that of the plaintiff.
sorcery, trickery Nobiliores et benigniores praesumptiones in dubiis sunt
praeferendae. In doubtful cases, the more generous and
PRESTIGE, noun ascendance, ascendency, aura, author- more benign presumptions are to be preferred. Nullum in-
ity, celebrity, consequence, control, credit, dazzle, degree, iquum est praesumendum in jure. Nothing iniquitous is to

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be presumed in law. Quisquis praesumitur bonus; et sem- deem, determine beforehand, determine in advance, di-
per in dubiis pro reo respondendum. Everyone is pre- vine, draw an inference, estimate, expect, forejudge,
sumed to be good; and in doubtful cases it should be re- gather, guess, have a bias, hypothesize, imagine, infer, in-
solved in favor of the accused. Praesumitur pro tuit, judge, judge in advance, jump to a conclusion, opine,
legitimatione. There is a presumption in favor of legitimacy. persuade oneself, posit, postulate, preconceive, precon-
Semper praesumitur pro matrimonio. The presumption is clude, predecide, predetermine, preestimate, prefigurate,
always in favor of the validity of a marriage. Malum non prefigure, prejudge, presume, presurmise, reckon, regard,
praesumitur. Evil is not presumed. Pro possessione prae- rush to a conclusion, speculate, suppose, surmise, suspect,
sumitur de jure. A presumption of law arises from posses- take for granted, theorize, think, trow, understand
sion. Praesumptio violenta, plena probatio. Strong pre- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: presuppose a fact not in evidence
sumption is full proof. Semper qui non prohibet pro se
intervenire, mandare creditur. He who does not prohibit PRETEND, verb act, affect, assume, be deceitful, be
the intervention of another in his behalf is deemed to have hypocritical, beguile, bemask, bluff, cheat, claim falsely,
authorized it. Probatis extremis, praesumuntur media. counterfeit, cozen, deceive, delude, disguise, dissemble,
The extremes having been proved, those things which lie dissimulare, dissimulate, dupe, fake, falsify, feign, fingere,
between are presumed. In favorem vitae, libertatis, et in- fool, give a false appearance, hide under a mask, hoodwink,
nocentiae, omnia praesumuntur. Every presumption is imagine, imitate, impersonate, lie, make a pretext of, make
made in favor of life, liberty, and innocence. Nulla impos- a show, make believe, malinger, mask, masquerade, mimic,
sibilia aut inhonesta sunt praesumenda, vera autem et mislead, misrepresent, pass off, perform, play, play act,
honesta et possibilia. No things that are impossible or play false, portray, present falsely, prevaricate, profess,
dishonorable are to be presumed, but things that are true purport, put on, put on a false front, seem, sham, simulare,
and honorable and possible. Omnia praesumuntur legi- simulate, twist the truth
time facta donec probetur in contrarium. All things are
presumed to be lawfully done until the contrary is proven. PRETENSE (Ostentation), noun affectation, affectedness,
Lex neminem cogit ostendere quod nescire praesumitur. airs, artificiality, blatancy, bravado, demonstration, display,
The law compels no one to divulge that which he is pre- empty show, false appearance, false show, fanfaronade,
sumed not to know. Injuria non praesumitur. A wrong is flagrancy, flashiness, flourish, fuss, garishness, gaudiness,
not presumed. glare, glitter, grandiosity, histrionics, impressive effect, infla-
tion, insincerity, loftiness, mockery, obtrusiveness, ostentatio,
PRESUMPTION OF INNOCENCE, noun assumption of ostentatiousness, outward show, panache, parade, pomp,
innocence, belief of innocence, criminal standard of guilt, pomposity, pompousness, pose, pretension, pretentious-
innocent until proven guilty, predisposition of innocence, ness, sham, show, showiness, splash, splurge, theatricality,
premise rested on innocence, presupposition toward in- unnaturalness, window dressing
nocence, reasonable supposition of innocence, required
assumption of innocence, required legal assumption of PRETENSE (Pretext), noun appearance, beguilement,
innocence, supposition of innocence bluff, camouflage, cheat, claim, cloak, color, cover, deceit,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: fundamental rights deception, disguise, duplicity, empty words, excuse, fabrica-
tion, false appearance, false plea, false show, falsehood, false-
PRESUMPTIVE, adjective anticipated, apparent, as- ness, falsification, feint, forgery, fraud, fraudulence, guise,
sumed, assumptive, believable, circumstantial, conceiv- hoax, hypocrisy, imitation, invention, lie, mask, mendacity,
able, conjecturable, conjectural, conjectured, credible, easy misrepresentation, ostensible purpose, ostensible reason,
to believe, evidential, feasible, hypothesized, imagined, plea, postulatio, professed purpose, ruse, semblance, sham,
inferable, inferred, likely, plausible, possible, postulated, show, simulation, simulatione, subterfuge, trick, trickery, un-
postulational, presumable, presumed, presupposed, prob- truth
able, putative, seeming, speculative, speculatory, sup- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: false pretnese, fraudulent pretense,
posed, suppositional, supposititious, suppositive, surmis- larceny by false pretense
able, suspect, theoretical, well-founded, well-grounded
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: presumptive damages, presumptive PRETENTIOUS (Ostentatious), adjective adorned, artifi-
evidence, presumptive grant, presumptive notice, pre- cial, bespangled, brassy, conspicuous, decorated, embel-
sumptive ownership, presumptive possession lished, flamboyant, flashy, fulgent, fulgid, garish, gaudy,
meretricious, ornamented, ornate, ornatus, overly deco-
PRESUMPTUOUS, adjective adrogans, arrogant, as- rated, showy, superficial, tawdry
suming, audacious, bold, brash, brazen, cavalier, conceited,
contumelious, daring, dictatorial, discourteous, disdainful, PRETENTIOUS (Pompous), adjective affected, arrogant,
disrespectful, domineering, egoistic, egotistic, egotistical, boastful, boasting, bombastic, braggardly, braggart, con-
excessively bold, excessively confident, familiar, flippant, ceited, extravagant, full of affectation, gloriosus, grandilo-
foolhardy, forward, haughty, ill-bred, ill-mannered, imperi- quent, grandiose, haughty, iactans, immodest, inflated, infla-
ous, impertinent, impolite, impudent, insolent, insulting, tus, opinionated, overdramatized, prideful, prim, self-admiring,
intrusive, irreverent, lacking respect, lofty, lordly, magiste- self-applauding, self-esteeming, self-glorifying, self-important,
rial, malapert, offensive, outrageous, overbearing, overcon- self-satisfied, smug, snobbish, stilted, swollen, theatralis,
fident, overfamiliar, overly bold, overly confident, over- tumid, tumidus, turgescent, turgid, vain, vainglorious
weening, pert, pompous, presuming, provocative, rash,
rude, saucy, shameless, supercilious, unabashed, uncere- PRETERMIT, verb abandon, avoid, bypass, cast aside,
monious, uncourtly, ungenteel, vain disregard, forget, gloss over, ignore, lay aside, leave, leave
out, leave undone, let pass, miss, neglect, not care for,
PRESUPPOSE, verb assume, be biased, be inclined to omit, overlook, pass, pass over, pay no attention to, pay no
think, be jaundiced, be prejudiced, believe, conjecture, regard to, put aside, put off, shelve, skip, slight, suspend
count upon, decide beforehand, decide in advance, deduce, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: pretermitted heir

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PRETEXT, noun affectation, alibi, alleged purpose, al- controlling, defeating, determining, directing, dominant,
leged reason, camouflage, charade, claim, cover, decep- dominating, effective, effectual, efficacious, forceful, gov-
tion, defense, disguise, evasion, excuse, fabrication, false erning, heading, hegemonic, hegemonical, influential, lead-
appearance, false ground, false motive, false pretense, false ing, mighty, moving, operative, overcoming, overruling,
reason, false show, falsification, feint, fraud, guise, insincer- paramount, persuasive, potent, powerful, predominant,
ity, invention, justification, lie, make-believe, mask, misrep- predominating, preponderant, preponderating, puissant,
resentation, misstatement, obfuscation, ostensible motive, régnant, ruling, strong, successful, supreme, triumphal, tri-
ostensible purpose, ostensible reason, praetextum, pretense, umphant, unvanquished, victorious, weighty, winning
pretension, professed purpose, profession, ruse, sem- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: prevailing party
blance, sham, shift, show, simulatio, simulation, species,
stratagem, subterfuge, trick, trickery, untruth, wile PREVALENT, adjective abundant, accepted, accustom-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Praetextu liciti non debet admitti illici- ary, accustomed, all-embracing, ascendant, catholic, charac-
tum. That which is illegal ought not to be permitted under teristic, chief, colloquial, common, commonplace, conform-
a pretext of legality. able, conventional, current, customary, dominant, epidemic,
established, everyday, extensive, familiar, frequent, fre-
PREVAIL (Be in force), verb be in general use, control, quently met, general, generally accepted, global, habitual,
dictate, direct, dominate, domineer, exist widely, govern, household, normal, ordinary, pandemic, pedestrian, pervul-
guide, have authority over, have charge of, have dominion gatus, popular, predominant, preponderant, prevailing,
over, have force, have superiority over, predominate, pre- rampant, regular, rife, run of-the-mill, set, standard, stock,
ponderate sweeping, typical, universal, vernacular, well-known, widely
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: prevailing rate of interest, prevailing accepted, widely known, widespread, worldwide
rate of wages
PREVARICATE, verb be dishonest, be evasive, be un-
PREVAIL (Persuade), verb actuate, argue into, bring truthful, bear false witness, beg the question, belie, conceal
around, cajole, carry weight with, coax, convert, convince, the truth, concoct, counterfeit, deceive, defraud, delude,
enlist, gain the confidence of, guide, have effect, impel, in- deviate, deviate from the truth, dissemble, dissimulate, dis-
cite, indoctrinate, induce, influence, inspire, inveigle, lure, tort, dodge, dupe, elude, equivocate, evade, evade the
motivate, move, persuadere, prompt, propagandize, seduce, truth, fabricate, falsify, feign, fence, fergiversate, fib, for-
sway, urge, wear down, win over, woo swear, gloss over, hedge, hoodwink, invent, lie, make be-
lieve, mince the truth, misguide, misinform, mislead, mis-
PREVAIL (Triumph), verb be a winner, be effective, be represent, misstate, palter, parry, perjure, pervert, pretend,
efficacious, be in control, be in general use, be in the ascen- put on, quibble, sham, shift, shuffle, sophisticate, speak
dant, be prevalent, be successful, be the victor, be trium- falsely, stretch the truth, tell a falsehood, tell a lie, tell an
phant, be victorious, carry authority, command, conquer, untruth, tergiversari, tergiversate, twist the truth
control, dominate, exceed, excel, gain a victory, gain the ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: false swearing, perjury
advantage, gain the upper hand, get the upper hand, have
mastery, have superiority, lead, master, meet with success, PREVENT, verb arrest, avert, avoid, baffle, balk, bar,
overcome, predominate, preponderate, prosper, quell, block, check, checkmate, circumvent, contest, counter,
reign, rule, subdue, succeed, superare, suppress, surmount, counteract, countercheck, cut off, debar, defeat, deflect,
surpass, take over, thrive, transcend, vincere, win delay, detain, deter, discourage, estop, fend off, foil, forbid,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: prevail in a court of law, prevailing party foreclose, forestall, forfend, frustrate, halt, hamper, handi-
cap, hinder, hold back, impede, impedire, inhibit, intercept,
PREVAIL UPON, verb affect, be influential, beseech, interfere, interrupt, keep from, keep from happening, limit,
bring over, bring to reason, carry weight with, coax, con- muzzle, neutralize, obstare, obstruct, obviate, oppose, over-
vince, encourage, enlist, entice, entreat, exercise influence ride, overrule, paralyze, parry, preclude, prohibere, prohibit,
over, exercise influence upon, exercise influence with, ex- repress, restrain, restrict, retard, rule out, stave off, stay,
hort, exorare, have influence over, have influence upon, stop, thwart, tie, turn aside, turn away, veto, ward off
have influence with, impel, importune, induce, influence, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: prevent competition, prevent waste,
lead, motivate, move, move by persuasion, overcome an- prevented by law, prevention of performance
other’s resistence, persuade, persuadere, predispose, spur, FOREIGN PHRASES: Qui non prohibet id quod prohibere po-
sway, talk into, urge, wield influence, win over test assentire videtur. He who does not forbid what he is
able to prevent is deemed to assent.
PREVAILING (Current), adjective abundant, accepted,
accustomary, accustomed, all-embracing, bourgeois, cath- PREVENTION, noun bar, barrier, constraint, constriction,
olic, characteristic, colloquial, common, commonplace, control, damper, determent, deterrence, deterrent, disad-
comprehensive, conformable, contemporary, conventional, vantage, fetter, hindrance, impediment, inhibition, interfer-
current, customary, diffuse, dominant, epidemic, estab- ence, obstacle, obstruction, obtrusion, obviation, preclu-
lished, everyday, extensive, familiar, frequent, general, sion, predisposition, presumption, prohibition, restraint,
generally accepted, global, habitual, in vogue, latest, natu- restriction, retardation, stoppage, thwarting
ral, normal, pandemic, popular, predominant, prevalent,
rampant, regular, rife, stock, sweeping, typical, universal, PREVENTIVE, adjective alert, antidotal, antiseptic, ar-
up-to-date, usual, vernacular, well-known, widely ac- resting, aseptic, averting, blocking, careful, cautious, check-
cepted, widespread, wonted, workaday, worldwide ing, counteractant, counteracting, defensive, deterrent,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: prevailing conditions, prevailing rate, deterring, disinfectant, forestalling, germicidal, guarded,
prevailing rate of interest guarding, hindering, hygienic, impedimental, impeding,
impeditive, inhibitive, inhibitory, interfering, judicious, neu-
PREVAILING (Having superior force), adjective ascen- tralizing, obstructive, opposing, precautionary, preclusive,
dant, authoritative, chief, commanding, conquering, preservative, preventative, prohibitive, prophylactic,

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protecting, protective, provident, regardful, resistive, re- on its face, sufficient on the pleadings, sufficient to make
straining, restrictive, retardant, safeguarding, shielding, out a case, sufficiently strong, suitable
thwarting, warding off, watchful ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: prima facie case, prima facie claim,
prima facie evidence, prima facie negligence, prima facie
PREVENTIVE MEASURE, noun adequate plans, ade- nuisance, prima facie proof, prima facie tort
quate procedures, adequate steps, buffer, defense, fore-
arming, immunization, inoculation, precaution, preserva- PRIMA FACIE (Self-evident), adjective apparently, at
tion, protection, safeguard, screen, security, shield first glance, at first sight, at first view, at sight, before further
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: preventive justice examination, by all appearances, on presentation, on the
face of the matter, on the first view, ostensibly, presumably,
PREVIOUS, adjective above-cited, above-mentioned, seemingly, to all appearances
above-named, aforementioned, aforesaid, already indi-
cated, antecedent, anterior, earlier, early, erstwhile, first, PRIMACY, noun ascendancy, authority, command, con-
fore, foregoing, foregone, forementioned, forerunning, sequence, control, domination, dominion, eminence, ex-
former, initial, initiatory, introductory, one-time, past, cellency, first place, greatness, headship, hegemony,
precedent, preceding, precursive, precursory, preexistent, height, high position, hold, importance, influence, jurisdic-
prefatorial, prefatory, preliminary, prelusive, prelusory, tion, lead, leadership, paramountcy, power, predominancy,
preparatory, prevenient, previously mentioned, prior predomination, preeminence, prestige, rule, seniority, sov-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: previous conviction, previous disabil- ereignty, supereminence, superiority, supremacy, su-
ity, previous injury, previous order, previously considered, premeness, sway, weight
previously determined, prior conduct, prior conviction,
prior injury PRIMARY, adjective basal, basic, central, chief, consti-
tutive, determining, dominant, earliest, elemental, elemen-
PREVIOUSLY NAMED, adjective above-mentioned, as tary, essential, first, formative, fundamental, greatest, high-
stated earlier, as stated earlier in this document, before- est, important, inaugural, initial, key, leading, main,
mentioned, forenamed, former, previously referred to nascent, necessary, nonpareil, original, overriding, overrul-
ing, paramount, predominant, preeminent, prime, primus,
PREY, verb commit violence, consume, depredate, de- principal, principalis, prominent, requisite, ruling, second
spoil, destroy, devour, eat, extort, fatten upon, feast upon, to none, supereminent, supreme, topmost, transcendent,
feed upon, fleece, forage, foray, grab, gut, harass, harrow, underlying, unsurpassed, uppermost, utmost, vital
hunt, kill, loot, maraud, oppress, parasitize, pillage, pirate, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: primary boycott, primary evidence,
plague, plunder, praedari, profit by cheating, profit by primary insurance, primary jurisdiction, primary liability,
swindling, raid, ransack, ravage, raven, ravish, rob, seize, primary picketing, primary purpose, primary right, primary
spoil, spoliate, strip, torment, torture, victimize, waste surety, primary tort feasor

PRICE, noun amount, appraisal, appraisement, charge, PRIMARY, noun ballot, choice, contest, contestation,
compensation, cost, disbursement, due, estimate, estima- election, election contest, exclusive competition, exclusive
tion, exaction, exchange value, expenditure, expense, fare, contest, exclusive election, exclusive political competition,
fee, figure, outlay, payment, premium, pretium, purchase exclusive political contest, first competition, first contest, first
money, quotation, rate, recompense, selling price, toll, election, first political competition, first political contest, inau-
valuation, value, worth gural competition, inaugural contest, inaugural election, inau-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: abatement of price, contract price, es- gural political competition, inaugural political contest, nomi-
tablished price, fair price, inadequacy of price, market price, nation contest, nominative competition, nominative contest,
market value, price adjustment, price control fee schedules, nominative election, partisan competition, partisan contest,
price discrimination, price fixing, reasonable price, retail partisan election, party competition, party contest, party elec-
price, stipulated price tion, political competition, political contention, political elec-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Emptor emit quam minimo potest; ven- tion, political rivalry, poll, preference, selection, vote
ditor vendit quam maximo potest. The buyer purchases ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: primary evidence, primary responsibility
for the least he can; the seller sells for the most he can.
PRIMARY CARE, noun chief medical practitioners, first-
PRICELESS, adjective beyond price, commanding a high contact doctors, first response medical care, main doctors,
price, costly, dear, expensive, extraordinary, high, high- main health care physicians, main medical providers, main
priced, inaestimabilis, incalculable, incomparable, inestimable, physicians, preliminary health care providers, preliminary
invaluable, irreplaceable, matchless, peerless, precious, pretio- medical office, primary doctors, primary medical office,
sissimus, rare, sterling, unequaled, valuable, without price primary providers, prime doctors, principal doctors

PRIDE, noun affectation, affected manner, affectedness, PRIMARY RIGHTS, noun direct rights, first publication
airs, boastfulness, braggadocio, braggartism, cockiness, rights, first rights, original rights, print publication rights,
condescension, coxcombry, dandyism, egoism, egotism, printing rights, publishing rights
foppishness, haughtiness, hubris, immodesty, lordliness,
narcissism, pomposity, satisfaction, self-admiration, self- PRIME (Most valuable), adjective best, beyond all
applause, self-approval, self-esteem, self-exaltation, self- praise, beyond compare, capital, cardinal, champion, chief,
glorification, self-importance, self-satisfaction, smugness, choice, crowning, dominant, eminent, excelling, excep-
snobbery, superciliousness, superiority, swagger, toplofti- tional, exemplary, exquisite, finest, first-class, first in quality,
ness, vain pretensions, vainglory, vanity first-rate, foremost, front, greatest, head, highest, impor-
tant, leading, matchless, nonpareil, of highest excellence, of
PRIMA FACIE (Legally sufficient), adjective adequate, the best quality, optimas, paramount, peerless, predominant,
lawfully sufficient, legally adequate, satisfactory, sufficient preeminent, preponderant, prevailing, priceless, principal,

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prize, prominent, remarkable, select, specially selected, FOREIGN PHRASES: Nullus dicitur accessorius post feloniam,
splendid, superb, supereminent, superior, superlative, su- sed ille qui novit principalem feloniam fecisse, et illum
preme, top, transcendant, unequaled, unmatched, unparal- receptavit et comfortavit. No one is called an accessory
leled, unrivaled, unsurpassable, unsurpassed, utmost, with- after the fact but the one who knew the principal had com-
out comparison mitted a felony, and who received and comforted him.
Nullus dicitur felo principalis nisi actor, aut qui praesens
PRIME (Original), adjective aboriginal, authentic, basal, est, abettans aut auxilians ad feloniam faciendam. No
basic, beginning, dawning, earliest, early, elemental, ele- one is called a principal felon except the party actually com-
mentary, embryonic, first, formative, fossil, fundamental, mitting the felony, or the person who is present, aiding and
generative, genuine, germinal, inaugural, inceptive, incipi- abetting in its commission. Res accessoria sequitur rem
ent, initial, institutive, introductory, native, oldest, origina- principalem. An accessory follows the principal. Qui per
tive, primal, primary, primeval, primitive, primordial, pri- alium facit per seipsum facere videtur. He who acts
mus, rudimentary, starting through another is deemed as having acted himself. Ubi non
est principalis, non potest esse accessorius. Where there
PRIMITIVE, adjective aged, ancient, antediluvian, anti- can be no principal, there cannot be an accessory.
quated, antique, backward, basic, crude, dated, early, ele-
mentary, embryonic, homely, low, musty, obsolete, old, PRINCIPLE (Axiom), noun accepted belief, adage, ad-
old-fashioned, old-time, organic, original, out-of-date, out- mitted maxim, article of belief, article of faith, assertion, as-
worn, passé, past, prime, primeval, primordial, quaint, surance, basic doctrine, basic law, basic rule, basic truth,
rudimentary, simple, uncomplicated, underdeveloped, belief, canon, conviction, credo, declaration of faith, decre-
undeveloped, unmodernized, unsophisticated tum, doctrine, dogma, established rule, form, formula, for-
mulated belief, foundation, fundamental doctrine, funda-
PRIMOGENITOR, noun ancestor, ancestral relation, an- mental law, fundamental rule, gospel, institutum, instruction,
cestral relative, antecedent, ascendant, elder, father, fore- intuitive truth, law, law of conduct, maxim, model, philoso-
bear, forefather, forerunner, founder of the family, grandsire, phy, policy, position, postulate, postulate of reason, pre-
origo, parent, patriarch, precursor, predecessor, procreator cept, professed belief, profession of faith, proposition,
provision, received maxim, recognized maxim, regula,
PRIMORDIAL, adjective aboriginal, archetypal, basal, regulation, reliance on, rubric, rule, rule of action, sage
basic, beginning, creative, elemental, elementary, first, maxim, self-evident proposition, self-evident truth, settled
fundamental, original, primal, primary, prime, primeval, principle, standard, statement of belief, statement of posi-
primigenial, primitive, pristine, protogenic, prototypal, ru- tion, tenet, theorem, truism, way of thinking
dimentary, underived ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: equitable principle, legal principle
FOREIGN PHRASES: Principia data sequuntur concomitantia.
PRINCIPAL, adjective cardinal, chief, controlling, domi- Given principles are followed by their concomitants. Principia
nant, essential, first, foremost, hegemonic, hegemonical, probant, non probantur. Principles prove, they are not
highest, leading, main, most considerable, most important, proved. Unumquodque principiorum est sibimetipsi fides;
most powerful, outstanding, paramount, predominant, pre- et perspicua vera non sunt probanda. Every general prin-
eminent, prevailing, primal, primary, prime, primus, princeps, ciple is its own evidence, and plain truths need not be proved.
principalis, prominent, ruling, stellar, supereminent, supreme
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: principal activity, principal contract, PRINCIPLE (Virtue), noun character, conviction, ethics,
principal contractor, principal obligation, principal place of goodness, honesty, honor, honorableness, incorruptibility,
business, principal sum, principal wrongdoing integritas, integrity, justice, moral excellence, moral recti-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Omne principale trahit ad se accesso- tude, morality, nobleness, probity, rectitude, righteousness,
rium. Every principal thing draws the accessory to itself. rightfulness, scrupulousness, trustworthiness, truth, up-
Quae accessionum locum obtinent, extinguuntur cum rightness, virtuousness
principales res peremptae fuerint. When the principal
thing is destroyed, those things which are accessory to it PRIOR, adjective antecedent, anterior, earlier, first,
are also destroyed. Sublato principali, tollitur adjunc- foregoing, former, inaugural, introductory, late, lead, lead-
tum. By the removal of the principal thing, the adjunct is ing, old, past, precedent, preceding, precursory, preexis-
also taken. tent, prefatory, preliminary, preludial, prelusive, prepara-
tory, prevenient, previous, quondam, superior
PRINCIPAL (Capital sum), noun assets, assets in hand, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: prior approval, prior conviction, prior
capital, caput, circulating capital, economic resources, fixed lien, prior restraint
capital, fund, funds, gross amount, holdings, invested sum,
main body, material assets, money, nummi, original sum, PRIORITY, noun advantage, antecedence, commanding
principal part, property, resources, sors, sum, sum total, position, essential status, exigency, first place, importance,
tangible assets, totality, wealth, whole, working capital necessity, needfulness, precedence, preeminence, prefer-
ence, primacy, prior right, requisiteness, right-of-way, right
PRINCIPAL (Director), noun boss, chief, chief actor, to precedence, right to preference, seniority, superiority,
chief authority, chief executive, chief party, chieftain, com- supremacy, urgency, vitalness
mandant, commander, controller, directing head, director, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: priority of claim, priority of lien, priority
employer, engager of services, executive, executive officer, statute
foreperson, governor, head, headperson, magister, man- FOREIGN PHRASES: Qui prior est tempore potior est jure. He
ager, master, overlooker, overseer, owner, person in author- who is first in time is first in right. Prior tempore potior
ity, person in charge, proprietor, senior, superintendent, jure. First in time, superior in right.
superior, supervisor, taskmaster
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: partially disclosed principal, principal PRISON, noun bastille, carcer, cell, facility, house of
in the first degree, undisclosed principal correction, house of detention, house of reform, incarcera-

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tion facility, jail, penal colony, penal institution, peniten- immunity, indulgence, liberty, license, opportunity,
tiary, prison house, reformatory permission, perquisite, prerogative, priority, release, right,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: prison term sanction, title, tolerance, vouchsafement, warrant
FOREIGN PHRASES: Carcer ad homines custodiendos, non ad ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: executive privilege, immunity, privi-
puniendos, dari debet. A prison should be used for the lege against self-incrimination, privileged communications,
custody of men, and not for their punishment. privileged statement, privileges and immunities, qualified
privilege
PRISONER, noun captive, confined individual, convict, FOREIGN PHRASES: Privilegium est beneficium personale, et
criminal, detainee, felon, hostage, incarcerated person, in- extinguitur cum persona. A privilege is a personal benefit,
dividual held in custody, individual jailed, inmate, internee, and is extinguished with the death of the person. Privilegium
jailed person, person under arrest non valet contra rempublicam. A privilege is of no avail
against the state. Necessitas inducit privilegium quo ad
PRIVACY, noun concealment, confidentiality, confiden- jura privata. Necessity gives a privilege with reference to
tialness, delitescence, disassociation, dissociation, evasion, private rights.
evasiveness, intimacy, isolation, obscurity, penetralia, pri-
vateness, quietude, retirement, retreat, seclusion, secrecy, PRIVILEGED, adjective allowed, authorized, chartered,
secretiveness, separateness, separation, solitariness, soli- empowered, entitled, excepted, excluded, excused, ex-
tude, solitudo, voluntary exile, withdrawal empt, exempted, favored, franchised, free of, immune,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: invasion of privacy, right of privacy immunis, immunized, licensed, not accountable, not sub-
ject, permitted, sanctioned, specially provided for, unre-
PRIVATE (Confidential), adjective abstruse, arcane, ar- strained
canus, clandestine, closet, concealed, covert, cryptic, cryp- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: privileged communications, privileged
tical, dark, esoteric, esoterical, hidden, intimate, inviolable, information, privileged matter
mysterious, off the record, personal, privy, recondite, se-
cret, undercover, undisclosable, undivulgable, unrevealable PRIVILEGED COMMUNICATION, noun attorney’s work
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: private papers, private writings product, closed conversation, confidential communication,
confidential discussion, nondisclosable communication,
PRIVATE (Not public), adjective closed, confined, exclu- private communication, private interchange, privileged
sive, individual, individualized, limited, nonofficial, non- discussion, privileged writing
public, not open, personalized, privatus, reserved, re- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: attorney-client relationship, doctor-
stricted, select, unofficial patient privilege, husband-wife privilege, physician-patient
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: private action, private agreement, privilege, priest-penitent privilege, waiver
private bill, private carrier, private corporation, private
detective, private dwelling, private employment, private PRIVITY, noun affiliation, attachment, connecting me-
enterprise, private grant, private institution, private in- dium, connection, contractual bond, derivative interest, in-
vestigator, private nuissance, private property, private terconnection, legal relationship, link, mutual relationship,
purposes, private sale, private statute, private trust, pri- mutuality of interest, nexus, relation, relationship, succes-
vate use sive relationship, tie
FOREIGN PHRASES: Privatum incommodum publico bono ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: privity of contract, privity of estate,
pensatur. Private inconvenience is compensated for by privity of possession
public benefit. Pactis privatorum juri publico non dero-
gatur. Private contracts do not derogate from public law. PRIVY, adjective acquainted with, arcane, auricular,
Jura publica anteferenda privatis. Public rights are to be buried, clandestine, cognizant of, concealed, confidential,
preferred to private rights. covert, cryptic, cryptical, dark, exclusive, furtive, hidden,
inmost, limited, murky, mysterious, nonpublic, obscure,
PRIVATE (Secluded), adjective apart, cloistered, hidden, personal, private, recondite, reserved, restricted, secret,
inaccessible, insular, isolated, out-of-the-way, quiet, remote, sequestered, stealthy, surreptitious, undisclosed, unre-
removed, seclusive, separate, solitary, unfrequented vealed

PRIVATE RIGHT OF ACTION, noun civil cause of action, PRIVY, noun contracting party, interested party, par-
individual right to sue, private cause of action, private right taken, participant, party
to bring a lawsuit, private right to maintain an action ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: parties and privies

PRIVATION, noun absence, attachment, bad fortune, PRIZE, noun accolade, advantage, award, blue ribbon,
bad luck, bankruptcy, beggary, bereavement, confiscation, bonus, booty, bounty, capture, catch, cordon, cup, decora-
dearth, deprivation, deprivement, destitution, disposses- tion, distinction, find, first place, gain, guerdon, honor, in-
sion, dissipation, distress, divestment, exhaustion, famine, ducement, jackpot, loot, medal, meed, payment, pillage,
financial straits, hardship, impecuniosity, impecuniousness, plum, plunder, praemium, premium, prey, privilege, rec-
indigence, inopia, insufficiency, lack, loss, loss of fortune, ompense, reward, spoil, title, token, trophy, winning
mendicancy, mendicity, narrow means, necessitude, ne-
cessity, need, neediness, pauperism, penury, pinch, pov- PRO FORMA, adjective as a matter of form, by course
erty, reduced circumstances, riddance, sequestration, star- of conduct, by custom, by habit, by past practice, by trade
vation, straitened means, want and usage, by usage, ceremoniously, common, customary,
for the sake of appearances, for the sake of form, formally,
PRIVILEGE, noun advantage, affranchisement, allowance, in due form, in set form, ritualistically, ritually, standard,
authority, authorization, beneficium, benefit, chance, char- superficially, usual
ter, dispensation, enfranchisement, entitlement, exemp- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: pro forma decree, pro forma judg-
tion, favor, franchise, freedom, grant, honor, immunitas, ment, pro forma order

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PRO HOC VICI, idiom allowed to practice, permitted to PROBATIONER (Released offender), noun criminal re-
practice for one time only, practice for a particular purpose, leased at large, criminal under suspension of sentence,
unadmitted temporarily lawbreaker under suspension of sentence, malefactor under
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: jurisdiction, practice of law suspension of sentence, offender under suspension of
sentence, parolee, released convict, released criminal,
PRO RATA, adjective alloted, apportioned, appropri- released felon, released lawbreaker, released malefactor,
ately, distributed, equivalently, in proportion, on even released prisoner, released transgressor, released wrong-
terms, proportionate doer, wrongdoer released from prison
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: apportionment, pro rata share
PROBATIVE, adjective demonstrative, empiric, empiri-
PRO RATA, adverb each to each, in equal shares, pro- cal, evidential, evidentiary, experimental, exploratory, of-
portionately, respectively, to each according to his share fering evidence, probatory, providing evidence, providing
proof, verificative
PRO TEMPORE, adverb briefly, for a time, for the mo- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: probative evidence, probative facts,
ment, for the present occasion, for the time being, momen- probative value, probative weight
tarily, pro tem, provisionally, temporarily, transitorily
PROBE, noun analysis, careful search, critical examina-
PROBABILITY, noun anticipation, appearance of truth, tion, deep study, examination, exhaustive study, explora-
believability, chance, conceivability, credibility, credible- tion, exploratory examination, indagation, inquiry, inspec-
ness, expectation, fair chance, fair expectation, favorable tion, investigation, perquisition, perscrutation, pursuit,
chance, liability, liableness, likelihood, likeliness, odds, os- quest, research, review, rigorous search, rimari, scrutari,
tensibility, plausibility, possibility, presumption, promise, scrutiny, search, searching examination, strict examination
prospect, reasonable chance, reasonableness, susceptibil-
ity, tendency, veri similitudo, verisimilitude PROBE, verb check over, conduct an inquiry, conduct
research on, consider attentively, delve into, dig into, dis-
PROBABLE, adjective apparent, apt, believable, con- sect, examine, explore, follow up, indagate, inquire into,
ceivable, conjecturable, credible, feasible, foreseeable, full inspect, institute an inquiry, interrogate, investigate, look
of promise, indubitable, liable, likely, logical, ostensible, into, make an examination, make inquiries, observe, pe-
plausible, possible, practicable, presumable, presumptive, ruse, plumb, poke into, pry into, pursue an inquiry, put to
promising, reasonable, seeming, supposed, surmisable, the test, question, review, rimari, run checks on, scan,
to be expected, unquestionable, veri similis, verisimilar, scrutari, scrutinize, search into, seek, seek information re-
verisimilous garding, study, study in detail, subject to scrutiny, take up
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: probable cause an inquiry, unearth

PROBABLE CAUSE, noun adequate legal basis, ample PROBITY, noun candidness, candor, conscience, de-
legal basis to pursue, just and adequate basis, just evi- pendability, deservingness, equitableness, equity, fair play,
dence, just meritorious evidence, just qualified evidence, fairness, faith, frankness, good faith, goodness, guileless-
legally adequate basis to proceed, legally compelling ness, high principles, honesty, honor, honorableness, im-
basis, legally competent evidence, legally sufficient partiality, incorruptibility, ingenuousness, integrity, justice,
cause, satisfactory legal basis, sufficient evidence, suffi- merit, moral excellence, morality, morals, principle, probi-
cient legal basis tas, rectitude, reputability, righteousness, scrupulousness,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: plain view doctrine, reasonable sus- sincerity, straightforwardness, trustiness, trustworthiness,
picion truth, truthfulness, undeceptiveness, uprightness, vera-
ciousness, veracity, virtue
PROBATE, noun authentication of a will, authentication
proceeding, judicial validation of a will, proof of the validity PROBLEM, noun anxiety, bafflement, bone of conten-
of a will, proof of the will, validation of a testament, validity tion, care, cause for concern, complexity, complication,
proceedings, will validation proceeding, will verification crisis, difficulty, dilemma, enigma, exercise, matter in dis-
proceeding pute, moot point, mystery, obstacle, plight, point in dis-
pute, point to be settled, predicament, puzzle, quandary,
PROBATE, verb adjudge the validity of a will, adjudicate question, riddle, source of perplexity, stumper, subject of
the validity of a will, authenticate a will, certify a will, con- dispute, tight situation, trouble, vexed question
firm the validity of a will, establish the authenticity of a will,
establish the genuineness of a will, establish the validity of PROBLEMATIC, adjective ambiguous, complex, com-
a will, prove the validity of a will, substantiate, validate a plicated, contestable, controversial, controvertible, cryptic,
will, verify a testament cryptical, debatable, difficult, disputable, doubtful, dubious,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: probate a will, probate court, probate dubius, enigmatic, enigmatical, equivocal, imperspicuous,
proceeding incertus, insoluble, involved, knotty, moot, mysterious,
open to doubt, paradoxical, perplexing, problematical,
PROBATION, noun conditional suspension of sentence, puzzling, questionable, raveled, shrouded in mystery,
exemption, freedom, liberation, parole, period of testing, snarled, tangled, tentative, troublesome, uncertain, uncon-
period of trial, probatio, release vincing, undecided, undemonstrable, undetermined, un-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: parole, probation term, probationary settled, vague, worrisome
employee, revocation of probation
PROCACIOUS, adjective aloof, annoyed, apathetic,
PROBATIONER (One being tested), noun apprentice, bumptuous, cool, disapproving, distant, frigid, forward,
beginner, candidate, entrant, initiate, learner, neophyte, impertinent, impudent, incurious, indifferent, insolent, luke-
newcomer, novice, novitiate warm, offhand, petulant, reserved, solitary, unenthusiastic,

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uninterested, unresponsible, unresponsive, unsociable, plenary proceeding, probate proceeding, public proceed-
unwelcoming ing, quasi in rem proceeding, special proceeding, sup-
plementary proceeding, testamentary proceeding, void
PROCEDURAL, adjective adjective, directive, func- proceeding
tional, methodical, operative, relating to method, relating
to the mechanics of a lawsuit, relative to the manner of PROCEEDS, noun avails, balance, benefit, earnings, ef-
proceeding, systematic fect, end result, gain, gross profit, income, money coming
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: procedural defect, procedural due in, net profit, produce, product, profit, receipts, reditus,
process, procedural law, procedural matter, procedural renumeration, result, returns, revenue, sum derived from a
question, procedural right, procedural rule of law, proce- sale, value received, yield
dural statute ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: proceeds of a crime, proceeds of a
sale, proceeds of an insurance policy
PROCEDURAL DUE PROCESS, noun due process in
civil and criminal proceedings, due process of law, funda- PROCESS (Course), noun action, conduct, continued
mental fairness in procedure, individual protections in legal movement, continuing development, handling, line of ac-
procedure, nonsubstantive due process, procedures that tion, manner, means, method, methodology, mode of op-
safeguard individual legal rights eration, operation, performance, plan, policy, procedure,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments progressive course, ratio, regular proceeding, ritual, rou-
tine, scheme, series of measures, strategy, system, tactics,
PROCEDURE, noun act, action, adjective law, behavior, transaction, treatment, way, ways and means
common practice, conduct, course, course of action, cus- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: due process, judicial process
tom, established method, habit, line of action, manner of
proceeding, manner of working, matter of course, measure, PROCESS (Summons), noun authoritative citation to
method, methodology, mode, mode of operation, mode of appear before a court, authoritative command, behest, bid-
use, modus operandi, motion, order, particular course of ding, citation, command, direction, instruction to appear,
action, plan, plan of action, policy, practice, proceeding, legal call, lis, official call, official notice, requirement to ap-
process, program, proscribed form, routine, rule, scheme, pear, signal by which one is summoned, subpoena, writ
set form, set format, step, strategy, system, tactics, usage, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: abuse of process, compulsory process,
way, way of operation defective process, irregular process, return of process, ser-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: civil procedure, criminal procedure, vice of process
judicial procedure, pretrial procedure, rule of procedure
FOREIGN PHRASES: Cursus curiae est lex curiae. The practice PRO-CHOICE, noun abortion advocate, accepting
of the court is the law of the court. abortion, approving abortion, endorsing abortion, in favor
of abortion, pro-abortion, sanctioning abortion, supporting
PROCEED (Continue), verb begin again, begin where legalized abortion, supportive of abortion
one left off, carry on, get back to work, get on, recom- Generally: self-determination
mence, reinstate, renew, resume, return, take up again ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: abortion on demand, legalized abor-
tion, spontaneous abortion, voluntary abortion
PROCEED (Go forward), verb act, advance, arise, ema-
nate, ensue, extend, flow, follow, follow a course, gain PROCLAIM, verb advertise, air, announce, annunciate,
ground, get ahead, get on, go, go ahead, go forth, issue, assert, asseverate, blare, blaze abroad, broach, broadcast,
keep going, keep moving, make headway, make progress, bruit, call out, circulate, communicate, cry, declarare, de-
make rapid strides, move ahead, move forward, pass on, clare, disseminate, divulge, enounce, exclaim, gazette, give
press on, progress, propel oneself, push ahead, push on, notice of, give out, hawk about, herald, inform, make a proc-
roll on, spring, take steps lamation, make known, make public, noise abroad, praedi-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: proceed with a case, proceed with due care, promulgate, pronuntiare, propagate, publicize, publish,
diligence release, report, set forth, sing out, sound forth, spread
abroad, state, tell, thunder forth, trumpet, utter, ventilate
PROCEEDING, noun actio, action, action at law, case,
cause, conduct of a lawsuit, course of an action at law, PROCLAMATION, noun announcement, annunciation,
dispute, hearing, lawsuit, legal action, legal procedure, liti- declaration, decree, decretal, edict, edictum, exclamation,
gation, matter, performance, prescribed method of action, fiat, mandate, manifesto, message, notification, official pub-
prescribed mode of action, procedure, process, prosecu- lication, promulgation, pronouncement, public announce-
tion, series of events, step, steps in the prosecution of an ment, public avowal, public notice, publication, recitation,
action, suit, suit at law, transaction, trial, undertaking rescript, statement
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: abandonment of a proceeding, an-
nulment proceeding, arbitration proceeding, bankruptcy PROCLIVITY, noun ability, appetence, appetency, apti-
proceeding, bastardy proceeding, certiorari proceeding, tude, aptness, bent, bias, disposition, facility, gift, gravita-
commencement of a proceeding, condemnation pro- tion, inclination, inherent ability, innate disposition, innate
ceeding, contempt proceeding, criminal proceeding, sense, instinct, leaning, liking, natural sense, partiality, pen-
custody proceeding, discontinuance of a proceeding, chant, predilection, predisposition, prejudice, proclivitas,
enforcement proceeding, equitable proceeding, extraor- proneness, propensity, readiness, talent, tendency, turn
dinary proceeding, filiation proceeding, garnishment
proceeding, guardianship proceeding, habeas corpus PROCRASTINATE, verb adjourn, be dilatory, be idle, be
proceeding, in personam proceeding, in rem proceeding, inert, be neglectful, block, dally, dawdle, defer, delay, dif-
judicial proceeding, lawful proceeding, legal proceeding, ferre, dilly dally, do nothing, filibuster, gain time, hang back,
liquidation proceeding, mandamus proceeding, official hesitate, hold back, hold up, idle, keep one waiting, kill
proceeding, partition proceeding, pending proceeding, time, lag, let slide, let slip, let the matter stand, linger, loaf,

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loiter, neglect, pause, pigeonhole, play for time, postpone, give birth to, give rise to, hatch, institute, invent, make,
procrastinare, prolong, prorogue, protract, push aside, put make up, originate, prepare, procreate, propagate, pro-
off, retard, shelve, stall, stave off, suspend, table, tarry, vide, raise, realize, result in, turn out, yield
wait, waste time ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: producing cause

PROCRASTINATION, noun deferment, delay, frivoling, PRODUCE (Offer to view), verb air, bring forward, bring
hindrance, idling, interference, loitering, pause, playing into view, bring out, bring to light, bring to the fore, bring
around, postponement, puttering, stonewalling, toying, to the front, demonstrate, disclose, display, divulge, dra-
trifling matize, evidence, evince, exhibit, expose, give a perfor-
mance, hold up to view, impart, lay bare, lay out, make
PROCTOR, noun advocate, agent, appointee, broker, known, make visible, manifest, parade, present, put on
caretaker, delegate, deputy, functionary, instrument, law- display, put on the stage, reveal, set out, show, uncover,
yer, lieutenant, manager, minister, monitor, officer, procura- unfold, unmask, unscreen, unveil
tor, proxy, representative, second, steward, surrogate, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: failure to produce, notice to produce,
vicar produce a witness, produce evidence

PROCURATOR, noun administrator, advisor, agent, ap- PRODUCT, noun accomplishment, article, article of
pointee, assistant, broker, business representative, caretaker, merchandise, article of trade, commodity, creation, crop,
conductor, curator, delegate, deputy, director, emissary, effect, emanation, end result, final outcome, fruit, handi-
envoy, executor, factor, go-between, intendant, intermedi- work, harvest, invention, issue, item, merchandise, off-
ary, intermediate, intermedium, legatus, lieutenant, man- spring, opus, outcome, output, proceeds, produce, result,
ager, middleman, moderator, monitor, overseer, proctor, salable commodity, stock in trade, yield
prolocutor, proxy, representative, solicitor, spokesman, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: product defect, product patent, prod-
steward, substitute, superintendent, supervisor, syndic, ucts liability
viceregent
PRODUCTION (Operation), noun execution, industry,
PROCURE, verb accomplish, accumulate, achieve, ac- manifestation, manufacture
quire, appropriate, attain, bag, bring, buy, capture, cause,
come by, commandeer, comparare, dig up, earn, effect, PRODUCTION (Output), noun accomplishment, attain-
enlist, fetch, find, force from, gain, gather, get, glean, help ment, business, compilation, composition, constitution,
oneself to, hire, lay hands on, make a purchase, obtain, pick construction, consummation, creation, discharge, disclo-
up, provide, purchase, realize, reap, receive, secure, seize, sure, dispatch, effectuation, establishment, fabrication, for-
take, take possession of mation, fruition, fulfillment, implementation, lengthening,
manifestation, organization, origination, outcome, output,
PRODIGAL, adjective careless, dissipated, dissipative, performance, preparation, presentation, realization, work
excessive, extravagant, heedless, immoderate, improvi- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: production of a witness, production of
dent, imprudent, intemperate, lavish, liberal, profligate, documents, production of evidence
reckless, spendthrift, squandering, thriftless, unbridled, un-
curbed, uneconomical, unfrugal, unrestrained, unthrifty, PRODUCTIVE, adjective advantageous, causative, con-
wanton, wasteful structive, creational, creative, demiurgic, demiurgical, effi-
cient, fecund, ferax, fertile, formative, fructiferous, fructu-
PRODIGIOUS (Amazing), adjective abnormal, anoma- ous, fruitful, gainful, imaginative, industrial, inventive,
lous, astonishing, astounding, bizarre, curious, dumbfound- life-giving, luxuriant, manufacturing, original, originative,
ing, exceptional, extraordinary, fantastic, freakish, gro- paying, potent, pregnant, profitable, proliferative, prolifer-
tesque, impressive, inconceivable, incredible, indescribable, ous, prolific, rank, remunerative, resourceful, rich, teeming,
marvelous, miraculous, noteworthy, out of the common uber, useful, valuable, worthwhile, yielding
run, out of the ordinary, outlandish, overwhelming, pecu-
liar, phenomenal, queer, remarkable, renowned, singular, PRODUCTS, noun articles of commerce, assets, chat-
startling, strange, striking, supernormal, surprising, unac- tels, commodities, consumer durable, durables, effects,
countable, unaccustomed, uncommon, unconventional, goods, holdings, items, line of goods, manufactured goods,
uncustomary, unexampled, unfamiliar, unheard of, un- merchandise, produce, produced materials, resources,
imaginable, unique, unprecedented, unthinkable, weird, staples, stock in trade, supplies, vendibles
wonderful, wondrous ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: products liability insurance

PRODIGIOUS (Enormous), adjective astronomical, big, PROFANE, adjective bad, blasphemous, coarse, com-
colossal, cyclopean, elephantine, gargantuan, giant, gigan- mon, damnatory, dirty, disrespectful, evil, execrative, faith-
tic, grand, great, Herculean, huge, immanis, immense, in- less, foul-spoken, foulmouthed, godless, impious, impius,
gens, large, leviathan, mammoth, massive, mighty, mon- imprecative, imprecatory, improper, impure, indelicate, ir-
ster, monstrous, monumental, sizable, stupendous, religious, irreverant, laic, laical, lay, maledictive, maledic-
substantial, terrific, thumping, titanic, towering, tremen- tory, miscreant, mundane, peccable, peccant, polluted,
dous, vast, whopping profanus, sacrilegious, secular, shameless, sinful, smutty,
temporal, transient, transitory, unblest, unconsecrated, un-
PRODUCE (Manufacture), verb accomplish, achieve, devout, ungodly, unhallowed, unholy, unprintable, unreli-
assemble, bear, beget, breed, bring about, bring forth, bring gious, unsacred, unsaintly, unsanctified, unspeakable, un-
into being, bring into existence, bring to pass, build, coin, virtuous, vice-ridden, virtueless, vulgar, wicked, worldly
compose, conceive, concoct, construct, contrive, create,
devise, draw up, effect, effectuate, engender, erect, exe- PROFANITY, noun billingsgate, blasphemy, cursing, de-
cute, fabricate, fashion, form, formulate, furnish, generate, nunciation, derisive language, desecration, disparagement,

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disrespect, execration, foul language, foul talk, impietas, promittere, propose, propound, put forward, put up, ren-
invective, malediction, obloquy, profanation, profane lan- der, set forth, submit, suggest, tender, volunteer
guage, profaneness, swearing, vilification, vituperation,
vulgarity PROFICIENCY, noun ability, aptitude, background, ca-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: censorship, obscenity pability, chops, command, experience, expertise, facility,
familiarity, fluency, know-how, knowledge, literacy, mas-
PROFESS (Avow), verb acknowledge, admit, advocate, tery, moxie, savvy, skill, training, virtuosity
affirm, announce, assert, asseverate, assure, attest, aver,
avouch, contend, declare, disclose, divulge, hold out, lay PROFICIENT, adjective able, accomplished, adept, ad-
bare, lay open, maintain, make a statement, make an as- equate, adroit, advanced, capable, clever, competent,
sertion, make clear, make evident, make known, own, conversant, cunning, deft, dexterous, effective, efficacious,
pledge, proclaim, pronounce, put forth, put forward, re- efficient, equal to, excellent, experienced, expert, facile,
veal, set forth, state, subscribe to, tell, utter good, habilitated, handy, ingenious, knowing, masterful,
peritus, practiced, qualified, quick, ready, sciens, skilled,
PROFESS (Pretend), verb affect, claim, concoct, counter- skillful, talented, trained, up to, well-qualified, well-versed
feit, create a false impression, disguise, dissemble, dissimu-
late, fabricate, feign, give a false impression, imagine, make PROFIT, noun accruance, accumulation, acquisition,
a show of, make believe, pass for, posture, practice chica- advancement, advantage, augmentation, avails, benefac-
nery, put a false construction upon, represent fictitiously, tion, benefit, clearance, compensation, dividend, earnings,
sham, simulate emolument, financial reward, fructus, fruits, gain, growth,
harvest, improvement, incentive, income, increase, incre-
PROFESSION (Declaration), noun affirmation, an- ment, interest, lucrum, meed, output, pay, payment, pre-
nouncement, assertion, assurance, attestation, averment, mium, prize, proceeds, produce, quaestus, realization, re-
avowal, claim, confession, declaration of faith, disclosure, ceipts, remuneration, return, revenue, reward, service,
enunciation, notification, oath, pledge, presentation, pro- take, utility, value received, windfall, winnings, yield
fessio, pronouncement, representation, statement, troth, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accumulated profits, anticipated prof-
vow, word, word of honor its, capital, carrying on business for profit, distributable
profits, excessive profits, excess profits tax, gross profit,
PROFESSION (Vocation), noun association, avocation, loss of profits, margin of profit, net profit, not for profit,
business, calling, career, chosen work, concern, craft, em- pecuniary profits, profit a prendre, profit sharing, prospec-
ployment, endeavor, engagement, field, job, learned pro- tive profit, remote profits, secret profits, speculative profits,
fession, lifework, line of work, manus, occupation, office, surplus profits, underwriting profits, undistributed profits
position, practice, pursuit, role, specialty, trade, undertak- FOREIGN PHRASES: Ubi periculum, ibi et lucrum colloca-
ing, vocation, walk of life, work tur. He who risks a thing, should receive the profits aris-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: professional corporation ing from it.

PROFESSIONAL (Stellar), adjective admirable, busi- PROFIT, verb acquire, advance, assist, avail, be better
nesslike, choice, commendable, excellent, exemplary, fore- for, be improved by, be of use, benefit, cash in on, clear,
most, highest quality, illustrious, incomparable, laudable, confer a benefit on, contribute, draw profit from, edify,
model, paramount, praiseworthy, preeminent, prime, prin- gain, gain advantage, harvest, help, improve, learn a lesson
cipal, sterling, superb, superior, unequaled, unexcelled, from, make capital out of, make good use of, make im-
unrivaled, unsurpassed, well done provement, make money by, make use of, obtain a return,
produce a good effect, produce a good result, proficere,
PROFESSIONAL (Trained), adjective able, adept, career, put to use, realize, reap, reap the fruits, turn to account,
competent, established, experienced, expert, learned, pro- use, utilize, yield returns
ficient, qualified, skilled, skillful, specialized, trained, well-
qualified PROFITABLE, adjective advantageous, advisable, aid-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: professional capacity, professional ing, assisting, beneficial, desirable, edifying, emolumental,
corporation, professional ethics, professional misconduct, expedient, favorable, fructuosus, frugifer, fruitful, gainful,
professional opinion, professional skill and judgment helpful, invaluable, lucrative, money-making, paying, pro-
ductive, remunerative, rewarding, salutary, serviceable,
PROFESSIONAL, noun accomplished practitioner, adept successful, useful, utilis, valuable, well-paying, worthwhile
practitioner, adroit practitioner, authority, competent prac-
titioner, experienced person, expert, master, practiced indi- PROFLIGATE (Corrupt), adjective abandoned to vice,
vidual, practitioner, proficient practitioner, qualified practi- base, corrupted, debauched, degenerate, depraved, dis-
tioner, skilled practitioner, skilled technician, specialist, graceful, disreputable, dissipated, dissipative, dissolute,
trained person evil, evil-minded, fallen, flagitious, foul, heinous, immoral,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: professional opinion indecent, infamous, iniquitous, lacking decency, lacking
principle, lacking shame, lawless, lost to principle, lost to
PROFESSIONALISM, noun ability, businesslike, ethics, virtue, morally evil, nefarious, offensive, peccant, perditus,
excellence, experience, expert, mastery, poise, profes- rascally, rotten, scampish, shameful, shameless, sinful, un-
sional demeanor, recognition, skill, specialization, style, ethical, unprincipled, unredeemable, unregenerate, unre-
talent, technique pentant, vice-ridden, vicious, vile, vitiated, wicked

PROFFER, verb adduce, advance, advertise, bid, bring PROFLIGATE (Extravagant), adjective economically
forward, donate, extend, give, hold out, invite, lay before, imprudent, immoderate, improvident, intemperate, overly
make a bid, make a motion, make an offer, make an over- liberal, prodigal, profligatus, reckless, spendthrift, squan-
ture, make possible, move, offer, prefer, present, promise, dering, thriftless, unrestrained, unthrifty, wasteful

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PROFOUND (Esoteric), adjective abstruse, acroamatic, out, organize, outline, plan, plot, preconcert, predeter-
acroamatical, acroatic, astute, complicated, erudite, esoteric, mine, preestablish, project, register, schedule, scheme,
gnostic, intellectual, intellectually deep, knowing, learned, sketch, slate, work out
oracular, penetrating, perceptive, philosophical, recondite,
reflective, sagacious, sage, scholarly, thoughtful, wise PROGRESS, noun accomplishment, achievement, ad-
vance, advancement, amelioration, augmentation, better-
PROFOUND (Intense), adjective abysmal, acute, bot- ment, change, development, emendation, enhancement,
tomless, deep, deeply felt, fathomless, great, heart-stirring, enrichment, flow, furtherance, gain, growth, headway,
heartfelt, heavy, impressive, indelible, intense, moving, improvement, increase, increment, march, melioration,
penetrating, piercing, sharp, soul-stirring, strong, touching, movement, movement forward, onward motion, passage,
unfathomable, vivid perfection, preferment, progression, progressus, promo-
tion, reclamation, recovery, redemption, reform, rehabili-
PROFUSE, adjective abounding, abundant, affluent, tation, reorganization, restoration, rise, steady advance,
ample, boundless, bounteous, bountiful, copious, count- success
less, crowded, diffuse, discursive, effusus, endless, exces-
sive, exorbitant, extravagant, exuberant, flush, full, garru- PROGRESS, verb advance, ameliorate, approach, as-
lous, generous, illimitable, immeasurable, immoderate, cend, become better, climb, continue onward, convalesce,
improvident, incalculable, inexhaustible, infinite, innumer- develop, enhance, enrich, expand, forge ahead, gain, gain
able, inordinate, intemperate, interminable, lavish, liberal, ground, get ahead, go ahead, go forward, go on, grow,
limitless, long-winded, loquacious, luxuriant, measureless, grow better, grow up, improve, increase, keep going,
multitudinary, multitudinous, munificent, myriad, number- keep moving, make headway, make progress, maturate,
less, numerous, overabounding, overflowing, overgener- mature, meliorate, mend, mount, move ahead, move on,
ous, padded, plentiful, prodigal, profligate, profusus, pro- move onward, press on, press onward, proceed, proficere,
lific, prolix, protracted, rambling, reckless, redundant, progredi, prosper, push on, recuperate, ripen, rise
replete, rich, rife, spendthrift, squandering, sumptious, su-
perfluous, surplus, swarming, teeming, thriftless, unbri- PROGRESSIVE (Advocating change), adjective ad-
dled, uncurbed, unnumbered, unsparing, unstinted, un- vanced, corrective, emendatory, enterprising, forward
stinting, unthrifty, unwarranted, verbose, wanton, wasteful, looking, improvement-minded, liberal, modern, open-
without bound, without end, without limit, without stint, minded, reformational, reformative, reformatory, remedial,
wordy up-to-date

PROGENITOR, noun ancestor, antecedent, antecessor, PROGRESSIVE (Going forward), adjective advancing,
begettor, forebear, forefather, foregoer, forerunner, genitor, consecutive, continuous, dynamic, endless, forward, for-
origin, parens, parent, precursor, predecessor, primogeni- ward moving, growing, moving, ongoing, proceeding,
tor, procreator, sire, source profluent, rising, serial, successive, transitional, traveling,
uninterrupted
PROGENY, noun bloodline, brood, children, descen-
dants, family, fruit, heirs, issue, line, lineage, offspring, PROHIBIT, verb ban, banish, bar, block, check, circum-
posterity, progenies, scions, seed, sons, stock, succeeding scribe, control, counteract, curb, debar, deny, disallow, dis-
generations, tribe, young qualify, embargo, enjoin, exclude, forbid, foreclose, forfend,
gainsay, halt, hamper, hinder, impede, inhibit, interdict, in-
PROGNOSIS, noun conjecture, estimate, foreboding, terfere, limit, make illegal, negate, negative, obstruct, omit,
forecast, foreknowledge, foresight, foretelling, guess, opin- oppose, preclude, prevent, proscribe, protest, quash, quell,
ion, preannouncement, prediction, prefiguration, prefigure- refuse, refuse permission, regulate, reject, repress, repudi-
ment, premonition, prenotice, presage, presagement, ate, restrain, restrict, revoke, shut out, smother, stay, stop,
presumption, prognostication, promise, prophesy, supposi- suppress, suspend, thwart, traverse, veto
tion, vaticination ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: prohibited action, prohibited by law,
prohibited form, prohibited practice
PROGNOSTICATE, verb advise, augur, augurate, auspi- FOREIGN PHRASES: Contra legem facit qui id facit quod lex
cate, betoken, bode, conjecture, counsel, divine, forebode, prohibit; in fraudem vero qui, salvis verbis legis, sen-
forecast, foresee, foresee the future, foreshadow, foreshow, tentiam ejus circumvenit. He who does what the law
foretell, foretoken, herald, indicate beforehand, indicate in prohibits acts in fraud of the law; the letter of the law being
advance, look ahead to, look forward to, make a prediction, inviolate, cheats the spirit of it. Cui licet guod majus, non
ominate, portend, preannounce, predict, premonish, pre- debet quod minus est non licere. He who is allowed to do
monstrate, presage, presignify, presume, promise, proph- the greater ought not to be prohibited from doing the less.
esy, signify, soothsay, speculate, spell, surmise, tell for- Idem est facere, et nolle prohibere cum possis. It is the
tunes, theorize, vaticinate same thing to commit an act as not to prohibit it when it is
in your power.
PROGRAM, noun agenda, arrangement, blueprint, cal-
endar, campaign, catalog, course, curriculum, design, PROHIBITION, noun ban, banishment, bar, barrier,
docket, draft, list, order, outline, plan, policy, presentation, block, check, circumscription, constraint, counterorder,
project, proposal, prospectus, schedule, series of events, curb, debarment, denial, determent, deterrence, deter-
set of tactics, strategy, syllabus, system rent, disallowance, discouragement, disqualification,
elimination, embargo, enforced abstention, enjoining,
PROGRAM, verb arrange, block out, book, budget, cal- eradication, estoppel, exclusion, forbiddance, hindrance,
endar, design, determine, devise, direct, docket, draft, en- illegality, illegitimacy, impediment, inhibition, injunction,
gineer, excogitare, form a plan, frame, lay a plan, lay out, interdict, interdiction, interdictum, interference, limit, limi-
list, make an agenda, make arrangements, manage, map tation, negation, nonadmission, noninclusion, obstacle,

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obstruction, ostracism, outlawry, preclusion, prevention, PROLIX, adjective bombastic, boresome, boring, cir-
proscription, refusal, rejection, repression, repudiation, cumlocutory, copious, diffuse, discursive, drearisome, ex-
restraint, restriction, stay, stop, stoppage, suppression, tended, full of verbiage, lengthy, long, long-spun, long-
taboo, traversal, unconstitutionality, unlawfulness, veto winded, longus, maundering, monotonous, padded,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: injunctions, restraining orders, statu- pleonastic, pleonastical, prolonged, prosy, protracted, ram-
tory prohibition, writ of prohibition bling, redundant, repetitive, spread out, spun out, tedious,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Semper qui non prohibet pro se interve- tiresome, unconcise, uneconomical, verbose, verbosus,
nire, mandare creditur. He who does not prohibit the in- wandering, wearisome, wordy
tervention of another in his behalf is deemed to have autho-
rized it. Quando aliquid prohibetur ex directo, PROLIXITY, noun effusion, long-windedness, loquacity,
prohibetur et per obliquum. When anything is prohibited redundancy, verbiage, verbosity, wordiness
directly, it is also prohibited indirectly.
PROLONG, verb be steadfast, continue, drag out, draw
PROHIBITIVE (Costly), adjective exorbitant, expensive, out, extend, extendere, hold over, increase, keep, lengthen,
extortionate, extravagant, high-priced, immoderate, inordi- linger, maintain, make longer, perpetuate, persevere, pre-
nate, preposterous, unconscionable, undue, unreasonable, serve, prorogare, protract, retain, slow down, spin out,
unwarranted stretch, sustain, tarry, trahere

PROHIBITIVE (Restrictive), adjective deterrent, disal- PROMINENCE, noun brilliancy, celebrity, character,
lowing, disqualifying, exclusive, exclusory, hindering, clout, consequence, consideration, conspicuousness, cedit,
impeding, impossible, inhibitive, inhibitory, injunctive, distinction, eminence, emphasis, honor, fame, grandeur,
interdictive, interdictory, interfering, limitative, limiting, greatness, height, illustriousness, import, importance, influ-
obstructive, preclusive, preventing, preventive, prohibi- ence, majesty, notability, notoriety, paramountcy, popular-
tory, proscriptive, repressive, restraining, suppressive ity, prestige, projection, protuberance, reputation, respecta-
bility, significance, splendor, status, superiority, weight
PROJECT, noun activity, aim, ambition, assignment, at-
tempt, consilium, contrivance, deal, design, determination, PROMINENT, adjective apparent, bold, brilliant, cele-
device, employment, end, endeavor, engagement, enter- brated, consequential, conspicuous, credited, dignified,
prise, essay, fixed intention, goal, idea, inceptum, intent, discernible, distinct, distinctive, distinguished, elevated,
intention, job, object, objective, occupation, outline, plan, eminent, evident, exalted, extended, famous, flagrant,
projected campaign, projected scheme, proposal, proposi- foremost, glaring, honored, illustrious, important, impos-
tion, propositum, purpose, pursuit, resolution, scheme, set ing, influential, jutting, known, leading, lofty, main, mani-
purpose, task, undertaking, venture fest, marked, memorable, noble, notable, noticeable,
notorious, obtrusive, obvious, outstanding, powerful, pre-
PROJECT (Extend beyond), verb arch, bulge, hang over, dominent, preeminent, principal, projecting, prominens,
jut, jut out, lengthen, overhang, protrude, protuberate, pronounced, protruding, protrusive, protuberant, raised,
stand out, stick out, widen recognizable, relieved, remarkable, renowned, respected,
rising, salient, showy, significant, striking, upmost, visible,
PROJECT (Impel forward), verb cast, discharge, drive, weighty, well-known, well-marked, well-seen
eject, emit, expel, fling, hurl, launch, let fly, propel, push,
send, send off, shoot forward, sling, throw, thrust, traject PROMISCUOUS, adjective alloyed, amalgamated,
blended, carnal, casual, chaotic, commingled, composite,
PROLEPSIS, noun apriorism, assumption, hypothesis, confused, conjoined, crossbred, crossed, debauched, dis-
postulation, presupposition solute, diverse, easy, free, fused, heterogeneous, immod-
est, immoral, incontinent, indiscriminate, indiscriminative,
PRO-LIFE, noun against abortion, antiabortion, anti- indistinguishable, intemperate, interlarded, intermixed,
thetic to abortion, diametrically opposed to abortion, hos- interwoven, joined, jumbled, lax, lewd, licentious, loose,
tile to abortion, in favor of barring abortion, in favor of life, mingled, miscellaneous, mixed, profligate, promiscuus,
in favor of prohibiting abortion, in opposition to abortion, scrambled, unchaste, uncritical, undiscerning, undiscrimi-
inimical to abortion, opposed to abortion, pro-human life, nating, unselective, unvirtuous, variegated, wanton, wild
right-to-life advocate
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: consistent life ethic, human rights, PROMISE, noun affirmation, agreement, asseveration,
partial birth abortions, pro-choice, pro-life movement, assurance, avowal, bond, commitment, compact, con-
unborn child sent, contract, covenant, declaration, engagement, fides,
guarantee, oath, obligation, pact, paction, pledge, prom-
PROLIFERATE, verb abound, be fruitful, be numerous, issum, stipulation, treaty, understanding, vadium, vow,
be plentiful, blossom, breed, bud, burgeon, fecundate, fe- warranty, word
cundify, flourish, flower, grow, grow in number, have off- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bilateral promises, consideration, con-
spring, have progeny, increase the number of, make mani- tract, gift, unilateral promise
fold, multiplicare, multiply, mushroom, produce rapidly, FOREIGN PHRASES: Ea quae, commendandi causa, in vendi-
propagate, reproduce, reproduce in kind, reproduce rap- tionibus dicuntur, si palam appareant, venditorem non
idly, spawn, spread, sprout, swell, thrive, wax obligant. Those things which are said as praise of the
things sold, if they are openly apparent do not bind the
PROLIFIC, adjective abundant, breedy, copious, cre- seller. Nudum pactum est ubi nulla subest causa praeter
ative, fecund, feracious, fertile, fruitbearing, fruitful, genera- conventionem; sed ubi subest causa, fit obligatio, et
tive, philoprogenitive, procreative, productive, profuse, parit actionem. A naked contract is where there is no
progenitive, proliferative, proliferous, rich, teeming, ver- consideration except the agreement; but where there is a
bose, wordy, yielding consideration, an obligation is created and gives rise to a

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right of action. Nuda pactio obligationem non parit. A PROMOTION (Encouragement), noun abetting, adver-
naked agreement does not affect an otherwise binding tising, aid, amplificatio, assistance, backing, benefit, boost-
obligation. Nuda ratio et nuda pactio non ligant aliquem ing, campaign, cultivation, fostering, furtherance, help,
debitorem. Naked intention and naked promise do not maintenance, publicity, service, sponsorship, upkeep
bind any debtor.
PROMPT, adjective businesslike, eager, early, efficient,
PROMISE (Raise expectations), verb augur well, beto- expeditious, immediate, instant, instantaneous, on time,
ken, bid fair, cheer, embolden, encourage, enhearten, ex- precise, promptus, punctual, quick, ready, seasonable,
cite expectation, forebode, forecast, foreshadow, foreshow, speedy, spontaneous, summary, swift, timely, unhesitating,
foretell, forewarn, foster hope, give expectation, give without delay
hope, inspirit, lead one to expect, make a prediction, por- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: prompt judicial action
tend, predict, presage, prognosticate, prophesy, quicken,
raise hopes, set astir, show signs of, signify, stimulate, PROMPT, verb activate, actuate, advise, alert, animate,
suggest, threaten arouse, cause, dispose, encourage, excite, exhort, goad,
hint, hound, impel, incite, incline, induce, influence, initiate,
PROMISE (Vow), verb accept a liability, accept an obli- inspire, instigate, lead, motivate, move, occasion, per-
gation, accept responsibility, adjure, affirm, affirm posi- suade, press, prod, promote, provoke, push, recommend,
tively, agree, assert, assert an oath, assert positively, assert remind, rouse, spur on, stimulate, stir, suggest, tempt, urge
solemnly, assert under oath, asseverate, assure, attest, aver, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: leading a witness, subornation
avouch, avow, be answerable for, bear witness, become
bound, bind, bind by a pledge, bind oneself, bind oneself PROMULGATE, verb air, announce, annunciate, blaze,
by oath, certify, commit oneself, consent, contract, contract blazon, bring into the open, broadcast, bruit, circulate,
an obligation, covenant, declare, engage, engage in sol- communicate, declare, disclose, disseminate, divulge,
emn manner, give assurance, give one’s honor, give one’s emit, enounce, give currency, give notice of, give publicity
word, give one’s word of honor, give security, guarantee, to, hawk about, herald, issue, make known, notify, pro-
hypothecate, incur a duty, insure, make a solemn resolu- claim, promulgare, propagate, publicize, publish, report,
tion, make an avowal, make an engagement, make an oath, reveal, set forth, spread, spread abroad, vent
make oneself answerable, obligate oneself, pledge, pledge ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: promulgate a law, promulgate a rule
one’s credit, pledge one’s honor, pledge one’s word, FOREIGN PHRASES: Non obligat lex nisi promulgata. A law is
pledge oneself, plight, plight one’s honor, plight one’s not obligatory unless it is promulgated.
word, polliceri, stake one’s credit, stipulate, swear, swear
an oath, take a vow, take an oath, take upon oneself, testify, PRONE, adjective agreeable, apt, bent, biased, compli-
undertake, underwrite, vouch, vow, warrant ant, disposed, eager, easily persuaded, favorable, given,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: breach of promise, nude promise, inclined, liable, likely, minded, partial, predisposed, procli-
promise to answer for the debt of another, promise to pay vis, pronus, propense, ready, tending, well-disposed, willing

PROMISSORY, adjective committed to payment, con- PRONOUNCE (Pass judgment), verb adjudge, adjudi-
sisting of a guarantee, consisting of a pledge, containing a cate, announce authoritatively, conclude, decide, declare to
pledge, containing an assurance, guaranteed, on oath, on be, decree, deliver judgment, determine, find, give a rul-
one’s word, on one’s word of honor, promising, promising ing, give an opinion, give judgment, judge, officially utter,
to underwrite, under oath, vouched for pass sentence upon, prescribe punishment, pronuntiare,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: promissory estoppel, promissory note rule, utter formally, utter judicial sentence

PROMOTE (Advance), verb advocate, advance in rank, PRONOUNCE (Speak), verb accent, accentuate, announce,
aggrandize, better, dignify, elevate, encourage, exalt, favor, announce authoritatively, announce officially, articulate, as-
forward, further, graduate, help, magnify, move up, pass, sert, break silence, communicate, declare, deliver, deliver an
prefer, promovere, provehere, push up, raise, upgrade address, deliver formally, dicere, emit, emphasize, enounce,
enunciate, enuntiare, express, form, frame, present, pro-
PROMOTE (Organize), verb abet, advertise, advocate, claim, recite, say, sound, speak formally, state, stress, tell,
aid in organizing, assist, avail, back, befriend, benefit, utter, utter formally, utter forth, verbalize, vocalize, voice
bestead, bolster, build up, carry on, champion, come to the
aid of, contribute to, cooperate, cultivate, develop, encour- PRONOUNCE A JUDGMENT, verb adjudge, adjudicate,
age, facilitate, foster, further, help, hold up, lend a hand, arbitrate, cogitate, conclude, decide, declare, decree,
maintain, nourish, nurse, nurture, patronize, propagandize, deem, deliberate, determine, find, impose justice, judge,
push, render a service to, sanction, second, serve, speak mediate, opine, pronounce justice, prosecute, referee, re-
for, speed, sponsor, stir up, subscribe to, subserve, support, solve, rule, settle
sustain, uphold, urge
PRONOUNCEMENT, noun affirmation, announcement,
PROMOTER, noun adiutor, advocate, aider, auctor, annunciation, assertion, asseveration, authoritative state-
backer, benefactor, encourager, enterpriser, fautor, financial ment, averment, comment, decision, declaration, decree,
backer, financier, founder, organizer, organizer of business deliverance, dictum, edict, enunciation, expression, fiat,
enterprises, organizer of commercial enterprises, patron, formal statement, imperative, judgment, manifesto, notice,
planner, prime mover, publicist, sponsor, supporter notification, observation, opinion, predication, profession,
promulgation, pronunciamento, publication, remark, report,
PROMOTION (Advancement), noun advance, ameliora- ruling, statement, utterance
tion, betterment, elevation, elevation in rank, exaltation, for-
warding, graduation, headway, improvement, increase, lift, PROOF, noun argumentum, assurance, attestation,
passing, preferment, progress, progression, raise, rise, uplift averment, certainty, certification, clear demonstration, clear

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indication, conclusiveness, confirmation, data, demonstra- PROPAGATE (Spread), verb advertise, air, blaze, blazon,
tion, documentation, establishment, evidence, evident broadcast, circulate, diffuse, disseminate, enunciate, evul-
demonstration, facts, indicium, manifestation, process of gate, hawk about, herald, issue, make known, make public,
proving, proved strength, ratification, records, satisfaction, noise abroad, notify, proclaim, promote, promulgate, pub-
satisfactory evidence, showing, substantiation, sufficient licize, publish, repeat, report, spread abroad, tell, transmit,
evidence, testimonium, testimony, verification, warrant trumpet, vent, ventilate, vulgare
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: adequate proof, affirmative proof,
burden of proof, clear and convincing proof, collateral PROPEL, verb actuate, cast, catapult, constrain, dis-
proof, failure of proof, final proof, furnish proof, legal proof, charge, dispatch, drive, drive forward, eject, emit, force,
positive proof, proof beyond a reasonable doubt, proof goad, heave, hurl, impel, launch, move, pitch, precipitate,
evident, proof of claim, proof of death, proof of disability, prod, project, provoke, push, push forward, send, set in
proof of payment, proof positive, quantum of proof, satisfac- motion, spirit, start, stimulate, thrust, urge
tory proof
FOREIGN PHRASES: Semper necessitas probandi incumbit ei PROPENSITY, noun ability, affinity, aptitude, aptness,
qui agit. The burden of proof always lies upon the claimant. art, attraction, bent, bias, capacity, deftness, dexterity, dis-
Non possessori incumbit necessitas probandi possessio- position, facility, fancy, favor, felicity, fondness, forte, ge-
nes ad se pertinere. It is not incumbent on the possessor of nius, gift, inclination, knack, leaning, liking, mind, partiality,
property to prove that his possessions belong to him. passion, penchant, ply, predilection, predisposition, prefer-
Affirmanti, non neganti incumbit probatio. The burden ence, proclivitas, proclivity, proneness, pronus, propense-
of proof is on the party who affirms, not upon one who de- ness, propension, propensus, qualification, readiness, rel-
nies. Facultas probationum non est angustanda. The ish, sharpness, skill, talent, taste, tendency, warp, weakness
right of offering proof is not to be narrowed. In criminali- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: propensity to commit a crime, viscous
bus, probationes debent esse luce clariores. In criminal propensities
cases, the proofs ought to be clearer than light. Quod per
recordum probatum, non debet esse negatum. That PROPER, adjective acceptable, accurate, adapted, ap-
which is proved by record ought not to be denied. Quod posite, appropriate, apt, aptus, becoming, befitting, con-
constat curiae opere testium non indiget. That which is dign, conventional, correct, decorous, ethical, fitting, for-
clear to the court needs not the help of witnesses. Qui me- mal, free of error, honest, idoneus, legitimate, moral,
lius probat melius habet. He who proves most recovers opportune, orthodox, particular, precise, rectus, relevant,
most. Praesumptio violenta, plena probatio. Strong pre- respectable, right, righteous, seasonable, seemly, suitable,
sumption is full proof. Perspicua vera non sunt probanda. suited, tasteful, true, unmistaken, virtuous, well-bred
Evident facts need not be proved. Per rerum naturam fac- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: proper party
tum negantis nulla probatio est. It is in the nature of things FOREIGN PHRASES: Non solum quid licet, sed quid est conve-
that a person who denies a fact is not bound to give proof. niens est considerandum, quia nihil quod est inconve-
Probandi necessitas incumbit illi qui agit. The necessity niens est licitum. Not only that which is lawful, but that
of proving lies with the person who sues. Frustra probatur which is convenient is to be considered, because nothing
quod probatum non relevat. It is useless to prove that which is inconvenient is lawful.
which when proved is irrelevant. Principia probant, non
probantur. Principles prove, they are not proved. PROPERTY (Distinctive attribute), noun aspect, attitude,
Praesumptiones sunt conjecturae ex signo verisimili ad attribute, character, characteristic, disposition, distinction,
probandum assumptae. Presumptions are conjectures distinguishing quality, distinguishing trait, earmark, feature,
from probable proof, assumed for purposes of proof. Reus individuality, mark, marked feature, marked quality, partic-
excipiendo fit actor. The defendant by pleading may make ularity, peculiarity, personality, point, proprietas, quality,
himself a plaintiff. Idem est non probari et non esse; non singularity, specific quality, style, temperament, tone, trait
deficit jus, sedprobatio. What is not proved and what is
not are the same; it is not a defect of the law, but a want of PROPERTY (Land), noun acreage, acres, demesne, do-
proof. Factum negantis nulla probatio sit. No proof is re- main, dominions, estate, freehold, ground, grounds, hold-
quired of him who denies a fact. Quod constat clare non ing, homestead, household, land, landed interests, landed
debet verificari. What is clearly apparent is not required to property, leasehold, lot, parcel, plot, premises, real estate,
be proved. Semper necessitas probandi incumbit ei qui real property, realty, territory, tract
agit. The claimant is always bound to prove; the burden of ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: abandoned property, absolute prop-
proof lies on the actor. Ei incumbit probatio, qui dicit, non erty, accretions to property, acquisition of property, af-
qui negat; cum per rerum naturam factum negantis pro- ter-acquired property, assessable property, assessed
batio nulla sit. The burden of proof lies upon him who as- valuation of taxable property, base property, commercial
serts it, not upon him who denies; since, by the nature of property, community property, corporate property,
things, he who denies a fact cannot produce any proof of it. damage to property, devising property, distributable
property, encumbrance on property, estate, execution
PROPAGANDA, noun arrière pensée, brainwashing, against property, freehold, homestead, individual prop-
conditioning, conversion, distortion, false teaching, implan- erty, joint property, lien on property, market value,
tation, inculcation, indoctrination, initiation, inoculation, property tax, public property, purchase of property,
misinstruction, misleading, persuasion, preaching, promo- separate and distinct properties, similar property, special
tion, teaching property, specific property, suit affecting property, suit
concerning property, taking of property for private pur-
PROPAGATE (Increase), verb be fruitful, bear, beget, poses, taking of property for public use without just
breed, bring into being, continue, create, engender, father, compensation, taxable property, title to real property,
fecundate, generate, gignere, give birth, multiply, originate, transfer of interest in property, transfer of property in-
procreate, produce, progenerate, proliferate, pullulate, tended to take effect at death, unplatted land, urban
reproduce, sire, spawn, teem property, value of the property

523
 PROPERTY

FOREIGN PHRASES: Transit terra cum onere. Land passes presaging, prescient, presentient, prognostic, prognostica-
subject to any encumbrances affecting it. Jus descendit, et tive, prophetical, pythonic, sibylic, sibylline, vatic, vaticinal
non terra. The right descends, not the land. Regulariter
non valet pactum de re mea non alienanda. It is a rule PROPHYLACTIC, adjective preservative, preventative,
that an agreement not to alienate my property is not bind- preventive, protective, safeguarding, salutary
ing. Cujus est solum, ejus est usque ad coelum et ad ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: prophylactic rule
inferos. He who owns the soil owns also up to the sky
above it, and to the center of the earth beneath it. PROPINQUITY (Kinship), noun affiliation, affinity, agna-
tion, alliance, association, bond, close association, cogna-
PROPERTY (Possessions), noun accessories, appoint- tion, common ancestry, connection, consanguinity, family
ments, assets, available means, belongings, bona, chattels, connection, filiation, kindred, link, nearness of blood, near-
effects, estate, financial resources, funds, goods, heredita- ness of relation, relationship, tie
ments, holdings, immovables, investments, material assets,
movables, ownership, pecuniary resources, personal ef- PROPINQUITY (Proximity), noun adjacency, apposition,
fects, personal resources, possessions, resources, sub- closeness, contiguity, juxtaposition, nearness, vicinage
stance, tangible assets, tangibles, valuables
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: appurtenance, articles of personalty, PROPINQUITY (Similarity), noun accord, affinity, affin-
bequeathing property, fixtures, intangibles, movables, pro- ity of nature, alikeness, comparison, compatibility, concert,
ceeds of property, receiving stolen property, tangible prop- concord, congeniality, correspondence, equivalence, har-
erty, trust property mony, homogeneity, likeness, parallelism, proximity, re-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Nemo cogitur rem suam vendere, etiam semblance, semblance, similitude, synonymity, unity
justo pretio. No one is compelled to sell his own property,
even for a just price. Quae ab hostibus capiuntur, statim PROPITIATE, verb accommodate, appeal to, appease,
capientium fiunt. Things taken from enemies immediately beguile, calm, conciliate, content, disarm, gain the favor of,
become the property of the captors. Duorum in solidum humor, ingratiate, make amends, make favorably inclined,
dominium vel possessio esse non potest. Sole ownership make peace, mollify, offer sacrifice, pacificate, pacify, pla-
of possessions cannot be in two persons. Jus triplex est— cate, please, propitiare, reconcile, satisfy, soften, soothe,
propietatis, possessionis, et possibilitatis. Right is three- tranquilize, win over
fold—of property, of possession, and of possibility. Nemo
alienae rei, sine satisdatione, defensor idoneus intelligi- PROPITIOUS, adjective accommodating, advanta-
tur. No one is considered a competent defender of another’s geous, approving, auspicious, beneficial, benevolent, benign,
property, without security. Nul charter, nul vente, ne nul benignant, cheering, clear, clement, cloudless, conducive,
done vault perpetualment, si le donor n’est seise al temps disposed to bestow favors, encouraging, expedient, favor-
de contracts de deux droits, sc. del droit de possession et able, favorably inclined, felicitous, fortunate, friendly, full of
del droit de propertie. No grant, no sale, no gift, is valid promise, generous, golden, gracious, happy, heartening,
forever, unless the donor, at the time of the contract, has two heaven sent, helpful, helping, hopeful, indulgent, inspirit-
rights, namely, the right of possession and the right of prop- ing, kind, kindhearted, kindly, lucky, merciful, obliging,
erty. Prohibetur ne quis faciat in suo quod nocere possit opportune, presenting favorable conditions, promising,
alieno. It is forbidden for any one to do on his own property propitius, providential, reassuring, roseate, seasonable,
what may injure another’s. Proprietas verborum est salus supporting, sympathetic, timely, unhostile, well-disposed,
proprietatum. Propriety of words is the salvation of prop- well-intentioned, well-meaning
erty. In re communi neminem dominorum jure facere
quicquam, invito altero posse. One of the owners of com- PROPONENT, noun abettor, advocate, ally, apologist,
mon property may not exercise any authority over it against backer, benefactor, champion, defender, endorser, enthusi-
the will of another of them. Expedit reipublicae ne sua re ast, espouser, exponent, friend, justifier, partisan, patron,
quis male utatur. It is for the interest of the state no one pleader, protector, seconder, spokesman, sponsor, subscriber,
should make ill use of his property. Mobilia non habent supporter, sympathizer, upholder, vindicator, votary, well-
situm. Movables have no situs or local habitation. Catalla wisher
juste possessa amitti non possunt. Chattels cannot be de- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: proponent of a will
prived of when they are lawfully possessed. Interest reipu-
blicae ne sua quis male utatur. It concerns the state that PROPORTION, noun allotment, apportionment, com-
people do not misuse their property. Rerum suarum quili- mensuration, comparative size, comparison, concinnity,
bet est moderator et arbiter. Every one is the manager and correlation, distribution, eurhythmy, factional part, fraction,
master of his own affairs or his property. In re pari potiorem grace, harmony, interrelation, measure, pars, part, percent,
causam esse prohibentis constat. Where a thing is owned percentage, portion, quantum, quotum, ratio, relation,
in common, it is clear that the cause of the party prohibiting relationship, relative estimate, relativity, share, symmetry
its use is the stronger. In re communi potior est conditio
prohibentis. In relation to property held in common, the PROPORTIONATE, adjective agreeing, analogous,
position of the one who prohibits is the more favorable. balanced, commeasurable, commensurate, comparable,
comparative, compatible, consistent, correlative, corre-
PROPHETIC, adjective alarming, augural, bodeful, clair- sponding, distributional, equivalent, even, harmonious,
voyant, divinatory, divinus, farseeing, farsighted, fateful, fa- proportionable, proportional, relative, scaled, uniform,
tidic, fatidical, fatidicus, fatiloquent, foreboding, forecasting, well-balanced
foreknowing, foreseeing, foresighted, foretelling, forewarn- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: per capita, per stirpes, pro rata
ing, haruspical, indicative, mantic, menacing, minacious,
minatorial, minatory, monitorial, monitory, ominous, oracu- PROPOSAL (Report), noun analysis, appraisal, com-
lar, portentous, precognitive, precursive, predictive, predic- mentary, critical analysis, examination, in-depth analysis,
tory, prefigurative, preindicative, premonitory, presageful, plan, summary, writing

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PROPOSAL (Suggestion), noun design, draft, exhorta- stock, tame, tedious, tiresome, trite, unentertaining, un-
tion, idea, measure, motion, offer, overture, plan, possibil- imaginative, unimpassioned, uninspiring, uninteresting, un-
ity, presentation, proffer, proposition, recommendation, original, unpoetic, unpoetical, unvaried, usual, vapid, weari-
scheme, submission, suggestion, tender, thought some

PROPOSE, verb advance, advise, advocate, contend, PROSCRIBE (Denounce), verb accuse, anathematize,
counsel, declare, introduce, lay before, make a motion, banish, blame, castigate, censure, charge, condemn, criti-
make a suggestion, move, nominate, offer, plan, ponere, cize, curse, damn, denunciate, execrate, incriminate, ostra-
pose, postulate, present, proffer, propound, put forward, cize, outlaw, reject
recommend, set forth, submit, suggest, tender, voice
PROSCRIBE (Prohibit), verb abrogate, ban, bar, cir-
PROPOSITION, noun approach, arrangement, assertion, cumscribe, disallow, embargo, enjoin, exclude, forbid,
assumption, bid, condicio, conjecture, course of action, dec- halt, oppose, outlaw, prevent, proscribere, refuse, refuse
laration, declared intention, design, formulated intention, permission, repudiate, restrain, restrict, revoke, taboo
hypothesis, idea, offer, overture, plan, position, postulate,
premise, presentation, program of action, project, proposal, PROSCRIPTION, noun ban, banishment, boycott, cen-
propositio, prospectus, provisional hypothesis, recommen- sure, condemnation, countermand, denial, denunciation,
dation, resolution, rogatio, scheme, strategy, submission, disallowance, disfavor, elimination, embargo, eviction,
suggestion, supposition, tender, tentative approach, tenta- exclusion, forbiddance, inhibition, injunction, interdict,
tive statement, terms proposed, theory, thesis interdiction, intolerance, prohibition, proscriptio, rejec-
tion, relegation
PROPOUND, verb advance, advocate, allege, argue,
aver, contend, exhibit, hypothesize, introduce, lay before, PROSECUTE (Carry forward), verb advance, be resolute
maintain, make a motion, moot, move, offer, pose, posit, in, be steadfast, bring about, bring to pass, carry on, carry
postulate, predicate, present, proffer, project, propose, put out, conduct, continue, follow up, go after, maintain, perse-
forth, put forward, recommend, set forth, submit, suggest, qui, persevere in, persist, proceed with, pursue, put
tender, throw out, voice through
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: propound the law ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: dismissal for want of prosecution, fail-
ure to prosecute, prosecute a claim, prosecute an action
PROPRIETARY, adjective entailed, exclusive, holding
property, landed, pertaining to ownership, pertaining to PROSECUTE (Charge), verb accusare, arraign, bring ac-
property, praedial, restrictive tion against, bring before a court, bring suit, bring to justice,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: proprietary function, proprietary inter- file a charge, file a claim, prefer a claim, prefer charges,
est, proprietary lease, proprietary right proceed against civilly, proceed against criminally, sue,
summon, take one to court
PROPRIETOR, noun dominus, householder, landlord, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: prosecute for a criminal offense, pros-
landowner, manager, master, owner, possessor, proprietary ecuting attorney

PROPRIETY (Appropriateness), noun accordance, adap- PROSECUTING ATTORNEY, noun attorney general,
tation, admissibility, advisability, agreeableness, applicabil- district attorney, government attorney, people’s attorney,
ity, aptitude, aptness, becomingness, compatibility, confor- prosecution, prosecutor, public prosecutor, state’s attorney,
mity, congruity, consonance, correspondence, dueness, U.S. attorney
equity, expedience, expediency, felicity, fitness, harmony, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: criminal law
justness, pertinence, properness, reasonableness, relevance,
right, rightness, seemliness, suitability, suitableness, utility PROSECUTION (Criminal trial), noun action, bringing to
trial, legal action, legal process, legal trial, litigation, pursuit
PROPRIETY (Correctness), noun convention, conven- by a law enforcement agency, suit, trial, undertaking
tional conduct, conventionalities, correctitude, correctness, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: criminal prosecution, lawful prosecu-
courteousness, courtesy, decency, decorousness, decorum, tion, pending prosecution, want of prosecution
delicacy, demureness, dignity, discrimination, elegance,
ethicality, etiquette, good behavior, good breeding, good PROSECUTION (Government agency), noun the gov-
manners, grace, manners, modesty, morality, politeness, ernment, the people, the prosecuting attorney, the state,
proper formality, properness, rectitude, refinement, state’s attorney
respectability, restraint, ritual, taste, tradition ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: the prosecution
FOREIGN PHRASES: Proprietates verborum observandae
sunt. The proper meanings of words are to be observed. PROSECUTION HISTORY ESTOPPEL, noun bar to resur-
rection of surrendered elements of patent, equitable tool
PRORATE, verb allocate, allot, apportion, apportion pro for determining proper scope of patents, file-wrapper es-
rata, assess pro rata, assess proportionally, distribute, toppel, limitations imposed due to applicant’s history of
distribute proportionally, divide, divide proportionally, narrowing a patent
dole, mete out, parcel out, portion, split up ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: preclusion to doctrine of equivalents in
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: prorate taxes patent law

PROSAIC, adjective boresome, boring, colorless, com- PROSECUTOR, noun accusator, attorney general,
mon, commonplace, dry, dull, everyday, flat, frigidus, hack- criminal trial lawyer for the people, district attorney, gov-
neyed, humdrum, ieiunus, jejune, matter of fact, mediocre, ernment attorney, prosecuting attorney, prosecution, pub-
monotone, monotonous, mundane, ordinary, pedestrian, lic prosecutor, state’s attorney
plain, platitudinous, prolix, prosaical, prosy, spiritless, stale, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: public prosecutor, special prosecutor

525
 PROSPECT

PROSPECT (Outlook), noun ambition, anticipation, as- character, mouthpiece, prime mover, principal, principal
surance, calculation, certainty, chance, coming events, character
confidence, contemplation, destiny, expectance, expec-
tancy, expectation, fair chance, faith, fate, forecast, fortune, PROTEAN, adjective alterable, assuming different forms,
futurity, good chance, hope, intention, likelihood, likeli- changeable, changeful, everchanging, fluid, kaleidoscopic,
ness, plan, possibility, prediction, presumption, probability, metamorphic, mobile, modifiable, movable, multiform, mul-
promise, reasonable chance, reliance, speculation, time tiphase, mutable, nonuniform, omniform, permutable, poly-
ahead, trust, well-grounded hope morphic, polymorphous, proteiform, transformable, unset-
tled, variable, varying, versatile
PROSPECT (Prospective patron), noun applicant, candi-
date, interested party, likely client, likely customer, likely PROTECT, verb arm, armor, attend, barricade, bulwark,
patron, likely person, possibility, possible client, possible care for, champion, chaperone, cherish, conduct, conserve,
customer, possible patron, prospective client, prospective convoy, cover, cushion, custodire, defend, defendere, en-
customer, recruit sure, escort, fight for, flank, fortify, foster, garrison, guard,
harbor, haven, house, immunize, inoculate, insulate, keep,
PROSPECTIVE, adjective abeyant, about to be, antici- look after, maintain, mount guard, nurse, patrol, patronize,
pated, approaching, arranged, awaited, close at hand, preserve, safeguard, save, screen, seclude, secure, senti-
coming, conceivable, considered, destined, earmarked, nel, shade, sheathe, shelter, shepherd, shield, shroud, shut-
eventual, expectant, expected, foreseen, forthcoming, ter, sponsor, support, sustain, take care of, treasure, tutari,
future, futurus, hoped for, imaginable, immediate, immi- veil, ward, watch over
nent, impending, in prospect, in store, in view, intended, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: self-defense
likely, looked for, looming, on the horizon, planned, possi-
ble, potential, preparing, projected, promised, scheduled, PROTECTION, noun aegis, armor, asylum, barricade,
soon to be, soon to happen, subsequent, to be, to come, buckler, bulwark, citadel, conservation, covering, covert,
ultimate, upcoming coverture, custody, defense, fortification, freedom from
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: prospective contract, prospective lia- danger, guarantee, guard, guardianship, haven, hedge, im-
bilities, prospective relief, prospective rights munity, invulnerability, oversight, palladium, panoply, pa-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Nova constitutio futuris formam impo- tronage, praesidium, preservation, preserve, refuge, safe
nere debet non praeteritis. A new law ought to affect the conduct, safeguard, safekeeping, safety, salvation, sanctu-
future, not what is past. Lex prospicit, non respicit. The ary, security, shelter, shield, strength, stronghold, supervi-
law looks forward, not backward. sion, support, tutela, tutelage, wardship, wing
FOREIGN PHRASES: Inde datae leges ne fortior omnia posset.
PROSPECTUS, noun analysis, announcement, blueprint, Laws were made lest the stronger might become all-powerful.
bulletin, catalog, description, outline, plan, platform, program,
scheme, sketch, statement, summary, syllabus, synopsis PROTECTIVE, adjective armored, conservational, conser-
vative, conservatory, covering, custodial, defensive, fortified,
PROSPERITY, noun abundance, achievement, affluence, guardian, heedful, preservative, preventive, prophylactic,
blessings, boom, booming economy, comfort, comfortable safeguarding, screening, sheltering, shielding, solicitous,
circumstances, ease, expansion, felicity, fortunate condi- strengthened, tutelary, vigilant, watchful
tion, full purse, good fortune, good luck, good times, hey- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: protective custody, protective order
day, luck, luxury, opulence, palmy days, plenty, profit,
prosperitas, prosperousness, res secundae, riches, richness, PROTECTIVE ORDER, noun defense, guard against
run of luck, success, successfulness, thriving condition, danger, order of protection, order to ensure safety, protec-
weal, wealth, well-being tion, protection against a danger, refuge, safeguard, safe-
keeping, safety, sanctuary, security, shelter, shield, tempo-
PROSPEROUS, adjective abounding in riches, affluent, rary restraining order
ascendant, blooming, booming, comfortable, established, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: family law and domestic violence
florens, flourishing, flush, fortunate, happy, in clover, in protective orders, restraining order
easy circumstances, lucky, moneyed, palmy, pecunious,
profiting, prosperus, providential, rich, rising, secundus, PROTÉGÉ, noun adherent, apprentice, charge, depen-
successful, thriving, unbeaten, undefeated, wealthy, well dent, disciple, follower, initiate, learner, novice, pensioner,
off, well-situated, well-to-do pupil, student, trainee, trust, ward

PROSTRATION, noun abasement, bow, breakdown, PROTEST, noun challenge, clamor, complaint, counter-
cataclysm, collapse, consumption, debility, decay, decrepi- action, criticism, declaration of disapproval, declaration of
tude, defeat, dejection, demolition, depression, desolation, dissent, declaration of opposition, defiance, demonstra-
despair, despondency, destruction, distress, downfall, tion, disapproval, dissent, dissidence, formal criticism,
downthrow, enervation, exhaustion, extinction, extremity, formal declaration, formal declaration of dissent, hostile
faint, fall, fatigue, feebleness, genuflection, helplessness, demonstration, opposition, outcry, recusatio, remon-
horizontality, illness, impotence, kneeling, lassitude, loss of strance, remonstration, repudiation, resistance
power, lowliness, misery, obeisance, overset, overthrow, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: file a protest
overturn, ravage, recumbency, repose, rout, ruin, ruination,
sickness, stupor, subjection, submission, suffering, surren- PROTEST, verb announce, attack, challenge, complain,
der, swoon, tiredness, undoing, upset, vanquishment, contradict, contravene, cry out against, dehort, demur, de-
waste, weakness, weariness, wrack, wreck, wretchedness nounce, deny, disaffirm, disagree, disapprove, disclaim,
discountenance, dispute, dissent, exclaim against, exhort
PROTAGONIST, noun agent, champion, hero, lead, against, express opposition, go contrary to, impugn,
leader, leading character, main character, most important intercedere, inveigh, negate, oppose, raise objections,

526
 PROVISION

recusare, refuse, remonstrate, reprehend, repudiate, revolt, PROVERBIAL, adjective acknowledged, aphoristic, axi-
speak against, take exception, traverse, veto, vote against omatic, common, commonly known, commonplace, epi-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: payment under protest, protest a will, grammatic, familiar, general, known, legendary, notorious,
protest an election, written notice of protest oft repeated, popular, prevalent, recognized, sententious,
succinct, traditional, universal, unquestioned, well-known,
PROTOCOL (Agreement), noun arrangement, charter, widely known
compact, concord, concordat, contract, covenant, diplo-
matic agreement, pact, stipulation, treaty, understanding PROVIDE (Arrange for), verb anticipate needs, appoint,
care for, consulere, contract, direct, engage, get ready, look
PROTOCOL (Etiquette), noun behavior, ceremony, after, make allowance for, make preparations, make provi-
code, code of behavior, conventional practice, convention- sion, make ready, manage, organize, pave the way, plan,
alities, correct behavior, correctitude, correctness, courtesy, prepare, providere, ready, serve, take into account, take
customs, decorum, dictates, diplomatic code, form, for- measures, take steps
malities, good behavior, good form, good manners, man-
ners, politeness, practice, prevailing form, proper behav- PROVIDE (Supply), verb accommodate, accord, admin-
ior, proprieties, punctilio, regulations, rules, set of rules, set ister, afford, allow, award, bestow, confer, contribute, de-
of standards, system of rules liver, donate, endow, equip, feed, fund, furnish, give, grant,
impart, maintain, ornare, praebere, present, produce,
PROTOTYPE, noun archetype, example, exemplar, first, purvey, replenish, stock, suppeditare, sustain
guide, ideal, model, mold, original, paradigm, paragon,
pattern, precedent, protoplast, sample, source, standard PROVIDED, adverb assuming that, on condition that,
provisionally, subject to, with the understanding, with the
PROTRACT (Prolong), verb delay, drag out, filibuster, stipulation, with this proviso
gain time, hold up, procrastinate, retard ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: as provided by law

PROTRACT (Stall), verb continue, elongate, extend, PROVIDENT (Frugal), adjective careful, economical,
lengthen out, shelve, string out money conscious, parsimonious, penurious, prudent, sav-
ing, sparing, stingy, thrifty, unlavish
PROTRACTED, adjective continuing, dragged out,
drawn out, elongated, extended, lengthened, lengthy, lin- PROVIDENT (Showing foresight), adjective alert, antici-
gering, long, long-continued, long-drawn, meandering, pating, calculating, careful, cautious, chary, circumspect,
never-ending, ongoing, prolix, prolonged, unending discerning, discreet, equipped, farseeing, forecasting,
forehanded, foreseeing, heedful, judicious, on guard, poli-
PROUD (Conceited), adjective affected, aloof, arrogant, tic, precautionary, precautious, predictive, prepared, prog-
assuming, boastful, braggart, condescending, contemp- nostic, prudent, prudential, ready, thoughtful, vigilant,
tuous, defiant, disdainful, egoistic, egoistical, flaunting, wary, watchful
haughty, imperious, insolent, lordly, obstinate, orgulous,
overweening, overbearing, patronizing, pompous, pre- PROVINCE, noun appointment, area, assigned task, as-
sumptuous, prideful, puffed up, self-applauding, self- signment, business, canton, capacity, charge, circuit, col-
important, self-satisfied, supercilious, swollen, turgescent, ony, compass, county, demesne, department, district, divi-
turgid, uppish, uppity, vain, vainglorious, without modesty sion, domain, dominion, duty, field, function, job,
jurisdiction, occupation, office, orbit, part, precinct, provin-
PROUD (Self-respecting), adjective content, contented, cia, realm, region, scope, section, specialty, sphere, subdi-
delighted, dignified, grand, gratified, happy, honored, im- vision, territory, tract
posing, impressive, lofty, magnificent, majestic, noble,
pleased, satisfied, splendid, stately, thrilled, well-pleased, PROVINCIAL, adjective annexed, backwood, boorish,
well-satisfied bucolic, churlish, closed-minded, colonial, divisional, dog-
matic, fanatical, gauche, gawky, hayseed, ill-mannered, il-
PROVABLE, adjective ascertainable, capable of being liberal, inflexible, ingrown, insular, intolerant, inurbane,
demonstrated, capable of being proven, capable of being local, loutish, narrow, narrow-minded, oafish, outlying, pa-
shown, capable of positive proof, capable of proof, con- rochial, petty, regional, rigid, rough, rude, sectional, small-
firmable, deducible, demonstrable, determinable, discov- minded, straitlaced, unbroadened, uncourtly, uncouth, un-
erable, establishable, incontestable, indisputable, infer- graceful, unpolished, unrefined, unsophisticated, untraveled
able, irrefutable, supportable, susceptible of proof,
sustainable, unimpeachable, verifiable, verificatory, well- PROVISION (Act of supplying), noun accommodation,
founded, well-grounded arrangement, catering, donation, endowment, furnishing,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: provable claim preparation, procurement, providence, purveyance, servic-
ing, serving
PROVE, verb ascertain, ascertain as truth, authenticate,
confirm, corroborate, declarare, demonstrate, establish, PROVISION (Clause), noun article of agreement,
establish as truth, establish the genuineness of, establish condicio, condition, limitation, obligation, proviso, qualifi-
the validity of, evince, manifest, probare, put to the proof, cation, requirement, reservation, restriction, specification,
put to the test, show, show clearly, substantiate, support, stipulation, term
uphold, validate, verify ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: damages provision, express provi-
FOREIGN PHRASES: In rebus manifestis, errat qui auctori- sion, forfeiture provision, mandatory provision, penal pro-
tates legum allegat; quia perspicua vera non sunt pro- vision, procedural provision, restrictive provision, self-exe-
banda. In clear cases, he makes mistakes who cites legal cuting provision, statutory provision, substantive provision,
authorities; for obvious truths are not to be proved. technical provision

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FOREIGN PHRASES: Quando abest provisio partis, adest torment, try one’s patience, vex, work into a passion, work
provisio legis. When a provision of the party is lacking, the up, wound
provision of the law supplies it.
PROWESS (Ability), noun adeptness, adroitness, clev-
PROVISION (Something provided), noun cache, cumu- erness, competence, competency, craft, deftness, dexter-
lation, fund, hoard, maintenance, ration, reserve, resources, ity, excellence, expertise, expertness, facility, finesse,
staples, stock, stockpile, store, supply know-how, mastership, mastery, proficiency, skill, skillful-
ness, virtuosity, wizardry
PROVISIONAL, adjective alterable, conditional, contin-
gent, dependent on circumstances, equivocal, for a time, in a PROWESS (Bravery), noun absence of fear, backbone,
state of uncertainty, in tempus, indefinite, indeterminate, in- boldness, braveness, constancy, contempt of danger, cour-
terim, limited, makeshift, modifiable, nonpermanent, of short age, courageous deeds, courageousness, daring, daunt-
duration, passing, provisory, subject to change, subject to lessness, defiance of danger, derring-do, doggedness,
terms, substitute, temporarily established, temporary, tenta- doughtiness, fearlessness, fiber, firmness, gallant acts,
tive, transient, transitional, transitory, unascertained, unas- gallantness, gallantry, grit, hardihood, hardiness, heroic
sured, unconfirmed, undecided, undetermined, unsettled achievement, heroism, intrepidity, lustiness, manliness,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: provisional appointment, provisional mettle, might, nerve, perseverence, pluck, resoluteness,
court, provisional employee, provisional government, pro- sinew, spirit, stability, stamina, stout heart, strength, sturdi-
visional receiver, provisional remedy ness, valiancy, valor, valorousness, vigor, virtus, vitality

PROVISIONAL REMEDY, noun interim relief, preserva- PROWL, verb be stealthy, creep, cruise, drift, gad, go
tion of the status quo, pretrial relief, temporary order, tem- about stealthily, gumshoe, hover, lie in ambush, lie in wait,
porary relief loiter, lurk, meander, move secretly, move under cover,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: prejudgment order, pretrial order, in- peregrinate, ramble, range, roam, rove, scavenge, skulk,
junctive relief, irrefutable harm, irreparable harm slink, sneak, stay incognito, steal, stray, stroll, tramp, va-
gari, wander about
PROVISO, noun condition, contingency, demand, es-
sential, limitation, modification, must, necessity, need, PROXIMATE, adjective about to happen, abutting, ad-
paragraph, precondition, prerequisite, provision, qualifica- jacent, adjoining, approaching, at hand, attached, border-
tion, requirement, reservation, restriction, section, stipula- ing, bordering upon, close, close at hand, close by, closest,
tion, terms connected, connecting, contactual, conterminal, contermi-
nous, contiguous, edging, expected, following, forthcom-
PROVOCATION, noun abuse, actuation, affront, ag- ing, fringing, immediate, imminent, impendent, impend-
gression, agitation, angering, annoyance, causation, cause, ing, in close proximity, juxtaposed, near, nearest,
defiance, exasperation, excitation, excitement, fomenta- neighboring, next, nigh, prospective, proximal, proximus,
tion, goad, grievance, impulsion, incentive, incitement, in- sequent, subsequent, succeeding, tangent, tangential,
ducement, inflammation, inspiration, instigation, insult, in- touching, upcoming, verging, vicinal
vitation, irritation, motivation, motive, offense, pressure, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: proximate cause
prick, prodding, prompting, provocative, spur, stimulant,
stimulation, stimulus, taunt, temptation, urge, vexation PROXIMATE CAUSE, noun causation, derivation, im-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: defense of provocation, extreme mediate legal basis, immediate legal cause, immediate
provocation, just provocation, legal provocation legal genesis, proper cause, proximate causation, sufficient
legal basis, sufficient legal causation, sufficient legal cause,
PROVOCATIVE, adjective aggravating, alluring, an- sufficient legal factor, sufficient legal genesis, sufficient
noying, arousing, attractive, bellicose, captivating, chal- legal inducement, sufficient legal source
lenging, defiant, desirable, electric, electrifying, enchant- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: contribution-efficient cause, contribu-
ing, entrancing, exasperating, exciting, galling, galvanic, tory negligence, immediate cause, intervening cause, neg-
galvanical, grating, inciting, inflaming, inflammatory, in- ligence, proximate consequence, proximate result, torts
fluential, inspirational, interesting, intoxicating, intrigu-
ing, invidious, inviting, irksome, irresistible, irritating, PROXY, noun agency, agent, authority to act for an-
motivating, persuasive, piquant, provoking, ravishing, other, broker, delegate, deputy, dummy, emissary, envoy,
seductive, stimulating, stimulative, stirring, suggestive, lieutenant, messenger, procurator, representation, repre-
tantalizing, tempting, thrilling, titillating, urgent, vexa- sentative, substitute, substitution, surrogate, vicarius, writ-
tious, vexing ten authorization
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: proxy statement, solicitation of proxy
PROVOKE, verb actuate, affront, aggravate, agitate,
anger, animate, annoy, antagonize, arouse, awaken, bad- PRUDENCE, noun attention, calculation, care, careful
ger, bait, begin, beset, bother, bring about, call forth, cause, budgeting, carefulness, cautio, caution, circumspectio, cir-
challenge, defy, discompose, displease, disquiet, distress, cumspection, close watch, common sense, concern, conser-
drive, effect, egg on, elicit, enkindle, enrage, envenom, vation, conservatism, considerateness, consideration, cun-
evoke, exacerbate, exasperate, excite, fire, fret, gall, gener- ning, deliberation, discretion, discrimination, economy,
ate, give offense, give origin, give rise, grate, harass, forethought, foresight, frugality, heed, heedfulness, hus-
heckle, hector, hound, impel, incense, incite, induce, in- bandry, judgment, judiciousness, precaution, preparedness,
flame, infuriate, instigate, insult, irk, irritate, kindle, mad- presence of mind, providence, prudentia, regard, sense,
den, motivate, move, move to anger, nettle, occasion, of- shrewdness, tact, temperance, thrift, vigilance, watchfulness
fend, originate, persecute, perturb, pique, plague, promote,
prompt, propel, push, put out, put out of humor, rally, roil, PRUDENT, adjective advertent, calculating, canny, care-
rouse, spur, stimulate, sting, stir, stir up, taunt, tease, ful, cautious, cautus, chary, circumspect, circumspectus,

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considerate, discreet, discriminating, economical, farsighted, PUBLIC DOMAIN, noun available for use by the public,
forearmed, foreseeing, foresighted, frugal, guarded, heedful, creative work freely usable, dominion to use, free to all,
judicious, levelheaded, mindful, politic, precautionary, freely used by the community, invention freely usable,
precautious, prepared, provident, prudential, regardful, sa- logo freely usable, not private, open for the community,
gacious, sage, sapient, saving, sensible, shrewd, sober, spar- permitted, publicly accessible, publicly obtainable, publicly
ing, thoughtful, thrifty, wary, well-advised, wise usable, unreserved, unrestricted, within the province of
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: prudent person, reasonable man the public
FOREIGN PHRASES: Prudenter agit qui praecepto legis ob- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: copyrights, patents, proprietary rights
temperat. He acts prudently who obeys the precept of the
law. Sapiens omnia agit cum consilio. A wise man does PUBLIC ENTWINEMENT, noun action which is fairly at-
everything deliberately. tributable to the state, acts that are entangled with state
action, private organization that exercises state power,
PRURIENT, adjective bawdy, carnal, coarse, concupis- public involvement in management and control of organi-
cent, cyprian, debauched, dirty, dissipated, dissolute, zations, state actor, sufficient government involvement to
erotic, fleshly, foul, immodest, impure, indecent, lascivious, qualify as state action
lecherous, lewd, libidinosus, libidinous, licentious, lickerish,
lubricious, lustful, obscene, pornographic, ribald, salacious, PUBLIC FORUM, noun forum where the public congre-
satyric, shameless, smutty, suggestive, unchaste, unclean, gates and can speak, government-owned property open to
unvirtuous, wanton public discussion, open forum for public discourse, public
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: pornography, prurient interests arena for public discussion, public place for discussion,
public property open to public discussion
PUBLIC (Affecting people), adjective civic, civil, collec-
tive, common, communal, countrywide, federal, general, PUBLIC OPTION, noun federal health insurance plan,
government, governmental, municipal, national, nation- government carrier, government insurance company, gov-
wide, social, societal, state ernment-run health insurance, public health insurance op-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: public authorities, public benefit, pub- tion, public insurance option
lic benefit corporation, public business, public charge, pub- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: Affordable Care Act, free market,
lic charity, public convenience, public corporation, public Obamacare
document, public function, public funds, public good, public
improvements, public interest, public necessity, public no- PUBLIC SERVICE (Government service), noun appoint-
tice, public nuisance, public office, public policy, public pur- ment, civil service, government employment, member of
pose, public safety, public sector, public service commis- the public sector, public life
sion, public use, public utilities, public welfare, public works
FOREIGN PHRASES: Pacta privata juri publico derogare
PUBLIC SERVICE (Performance for the public benefit),
non possunt. Private contracts cannot derogate from
noun common good, performed for greater good,
public right. Necessitas publica major est quam pri-
performed for public benevolence, performed for the ben-
vata. Public necessity is greater than private. Jura pu-
efit of society, performed for the public benefit, performed
blica anteferenda privatis. Public rights are to be pre-
for the public good
ferred to private parts. Privatum commodum publico
cedit. Private good yields to public good. Privatum in-
commodum publico bono pensatur. Private inconve- PUBLICATION (Disclosure), noun advertisement, an-
nience is compensated for by public benefit. Lex citius nouncement, broadcast, circulation, communication, cur-
tolerare vult privatum damnum quam publicum rency, dissemination, enlightenment, expositio, issuance,
malum. The law would rather tolerate a private loss than notice, notification, praedicatio, presentation to the public,
a public evil. proclamation, promulgation, pronouncement, pronuntia-
tio, propagation, public announcement, release, report,
PUBLIC (Known), adjective acknowledged, aired, an- revealment, revelation, statement, transmission
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: defamation, libel, slander
nounced, apparent, broadcast, bruited about, circulated,
commonly known, disclosed, disseminated, divulged, en-
cyclic, encyclical, evident, exoteric, familiar, manifest, noto- PUBLICATION (Printed matter), noun book, editio libri,
rious, obvious, overt, popular, proclaimed, promulgated, edition, folio, issue, literary magazine, literature, magazine,
propagated, publicus, published, recognized, released, re- organ, periodical, printing, reading matter, tome, volume,
nowned, reported, revealed, spread abroad, ventilated, work, writing, written discourse
well-known, widely known
PUBLICITY, noun advertisement, advertising, airing, an-
PUBLIC (Open), adjective accessible, approachable, attain- nouncement, billing, broadcast, bulletin, common knowl-
able, available, community, free to all, not private, permitted, edge, disclosure, dissemination, divulgation, divulgement,
reachable, unbarred, unprohibited, unreserved, unrestricted divulgence, enunciation, evulgation, exposure, fame, fa-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: public accommodations, public docu- mousness, information, issuance, limelight, news, notice,
ments, public domain, public hearing, public institutions, notification, notoriety, presentation, press agentry, press
public place, public property, public records, public sale notice, proclamation, promotion, promulgation, propaga-
tion, public distribution, public notice, public relations,
PUBLIC, noun body politic, citizenry, commonalty, publication, release, report, revealment, revelation, spot-
commonwealth, community, folk, general public, homines, light, utterance, ventilation, write-up
laymen, nation, persons, polity, populace, population,
populus, social group, society PUBLICIZE, verb acclaim, advertise, announce, annun-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: public good, public use, public utility, ciate, bear, blazon, broadcast, endorse, give currency to,
public welfare hail, herald, laud, merchandise, post, praise, proclaim,

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promote, promulgate, publish, push, recommend, release, correct, discipline, exact retribution, flog, inflict penalty,
review, sell, talk up, tout, trumpet lash, penalize, reprimand, retaliate, scourge, sentence,
slate, smite, subject to penalty, take to task, take ven-
PUBLISH, verb advertise, air, announce, blazon, bring geance on, teach a lesson to, torture, trounce, ulcisci, whip
before the public, bring out, broadcast, call public attention ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: cruel and excessive punishment, cruel
to, circulate, communicate, cover, declare, deliver, diffuse, and inhuman punishment, cruel and unusual punishment,
disclose, disseminate, distribute, divulgare, divulge, emit, excessive punishment
expose, express, give out, give public notice of, go to FOREIGN PHRASES: In quo quis delinquit, in eo de jure est
press, have printed, herald, impart, inform, issue, issue a puniendus. In whatever the offense, he is to be punished
statement, issue for distribution, issue for public sale, lay by the law.
before the public, make known, make public, print, pro-
claim, proferre, publicize, put forth, put into circulation, put PUNISHMENT, noun amercement, avengement, casti-
out, put to press, report, reveal, run off, spread, state, tell, gatio, castigation, censure, chastening, chastisement, com-
trumpet, utter, ventilate pulsory payment, correction, damages, deprivation, disci-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: publish libel, publish slander plinary action, discipline, forfeiture, infliction, mulct,
nemesis, penal retribution, penalization, penalty, penalty
PUERILE, adjective asinine, callow, childish, childishly imposed on an offender, penance, poena, punition, repri-
foolish, fatuous, foolish, green, immature, inadequate, inane, mand, retribution, retributive justice, talion, vengeance
infantile, infantine, injudicious, jejune, juvenile, kiddish, naïve, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: capital punishment, corporal punish-
nonsensical, petty, piddling, puerilis, raw, senseless, shallow, ment, cruel and inhuman punishment, excessive punishment
silly, simple, unwise, unworthy of serious consideration FOREIGN PHRASES: Nulla curia quae recordum non habet
potest imponere finem neque aliquem mandare carc-
PUERILITY, noun babyishness, boyishness, childishness, eri; quia ista spectant tantummodo ad curias de re-
childlike, girlishness, infantilism cordo. No court which has not a record can impose a fine
nor commit any person to prison; because those powers
PUGNACIOUS, adjective aggressive, antagonistic, ar- belong only to courts of record. Poena ad paucos, metus
gumentative, bellicose, belligerent, bickering, combative, ad omnes perveniat. If punishment is inflicted on a few,
contentious, defiant, disposed to fight, disputatious, dis- a fear comes to all. Nemo prudens punit ut praeterita
sentious, factious, fighting, fractious, given to fighting, revocentur, sed ut futura praeveniantur. No wise man
hostile, inimical, militant, militaristic, offensive, quarrel- punishes in order that past things may be revoked, but
some, rebellious, rowdy, stubborn, threatening, unfriendly, that future wrongs may be prevented. Ubi damna dan-
unpacific, unpeaceful, warlike tur, victus victori in expensis condemnari debet.
Where damages are given, the losing party ought to be
PUISSANCE, noun authoritativeness, brawn, dint, dom- condemned to pay costs to the victor. Interest reipubli-
inance, energy, force, lustiness, masterfulness, might, cae ne maleficia remaneant impunita. It concerns the
mightiness, potence, potency, power, predominance, ro- state that crimes do not go unpunished. Tutius semper
bustness, stamina, stoutness, strength, vigor, vitality est errare acquietando, quam in puniendo, ex parte
misericordiae quam ex parte justitiae. It is always safer
PULLULATE, verb be fruitful, be productive, bloom, to err in acquitting than in punishing, on the side of mercy
blossom, breed, bud, burgeon, burst forth, come forth, rather than on the side of justice. In omnibus poenalis
develop, flourish, flower, generate, germinate, increase, judiciis, et aetati et imprudentiae succurritur. In all
luxuriate, multiply, open, procreate, produce, proliferate, penal judgments, allowance is made for youth and lack of
put forth, reproduce, rise, shoot forth, spring up, sprout, prudence. Qui peccat ebrius luat sobrius. He who of-
teem, vegetate, wax fends when drunk shall be punished when sober. Melior
est justitia vere praeveniens quam severe puniens.
PUNCTILIOUS, adjective accurate, attentive, careful, Truly preventative justice is better than severe punish-
ceremonious, conscientious, correct, diligens, dutiful, exact, ment. Justitia est duplex, viz., severe puniens et vere
exacting, faithful, fastidious, finical, finicking, finicky, for- praeveniens. Justice is double, that is to say punishing
mal, fussy, methodical, meticulous, minutely correct, ob- severely, and truly preventing. Qui parcit nocentibus
servant, observant of decorum, particular, precise, refined, innocentes punit. He who spares those who are guilty
rigid, rigorous, scrupulous, starched, stiff, strict, systematic, punishes those who are innocent. Reus laesae majesta-
thorough, uncompromising tis punitur ut pereat unus ne pereant omnes. A traitor
is punished that one may die lest all perish. Poena non
PUNCTUAL, adjective accurate, attentive, conscien- potest, culpa perennis erit. Punishment cannot be ever-
tious, dependable, diligent, early, exact, exacting, expedi- lasting, but error or sin will be. Judex damnatur cum
tious, fussy, meticulous, minutely correct, never late, on nocens absolvitur. The judge is condemned when a
schedule, on time, precise, prompt, properly timed, ready, guilty person is acquitted. Lubricum linguae non facile
regular, scrupulous, seasonable, steady, strict, systematic, trahendum est in poenam. A slip of the tongue ought
timed, timely, well-timed not readily be subjected to punishment. In atrocioribus
delictis punitur affectus licet non sequatur effectus. In
PUNDIT, noun analyst, annotator, authority, brain, the more atrocious crimes the intent is punished, although
champion, columnist, commentator, enthusiast, evaluator, an effect does not follow. Judex non potest injuriam sibi
genius, guru, intellectual, master, mastermind, mentor, datam punire. A judge cannot punish a wrong done to
observer, polymath, Renaissance man, savant, scholar, seer, himself. Nemo bis punitur pro eodem delicto. No one
teacher, thinker, wise one can be punished twice for the same offense.
Transgressione multiplicata, crescat poenae inflictio.
PUNISH, verb amerce, bring to retribution, call to ac- Upon the multiplication of transgression, let the infliction
count, castigare, castigate, chasten, chastise, condemn, of punishment be increased. Poena suos tenere debet

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actores et non alios. Punishment belongs to the guilty PURIFY, verb absolve, acquit, amend, cleanse, clear,
and not others. Nemo cogitationis poenam patitur. No distill, elevate, ennoble, exonerate, filter, heal, honor, im-
one suffers punishment on account of his thoughts. prove, purge, refine, regenerate, restore, sanctify, uplift,
Receditur a placitis juris, potius quam injuriae et vindicate
delicta maneant impunita. In order that crimes not go
unpunished, the law will be departed from. PURLOIN, verb appropriate dishonestly, appropriate
fraudulently, avertere, burglarize, cheat, commit larceny,
PUNITIVE, adjective avenging, castigatory, disciplinary, defalcate, defraud, embezzle, filch, furari, misapply, misap-
mulctuary, penal, penalizing, punishing, punitory, retalia- propriate, misuse, peculate, pilfer, poach, rob, seize,
tory, retributive, talionic, vindictive snatch, spirit away, steal, surripere, swindle, take, take by
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: punitive action, punitive damages fraud, take dishonestly, take feloniously, take wrongfully,
thieve, unlawfully deprive
PUNITIVE DAMAGES, noun award for wrongdoing,
award to deter similar conduct, award to punish the PURPORT, verb allege, allude, claim, connote, convey,
defendant, compensation for wrongdoing, penalty for declare, declare with positiveness, denote, express, imply,
wrongdoing, recovery for highly offensive conduct, recov- indicare, indicate, infer, insinuate, intend, intimate, mean,
ery for improper action, retributive damages pose as, pretend, profess, represent, say, show, significare,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: compensatory damages restitution, signify, state, suggest
due process, Fifth Amendment, Fourth Amendment, irrepa-
rable damages, malicious conduct, nominal damages, reck- PURPORTED, adjective alleged, assumed, avowedly,
less disregard, restitution, statutory damages claimed, in name only, ostensible, pretended, pretexed,
professed, specious, so-called
PURCHASE, verb acquire, acquire ownership of, as-
sume ownership, buy, buy up, collect, gain, invest in, make PURPOSE, noun aim, ambition, application, aspiration,
payment for, obtain, order, pay for, pick up, procure, pro- avail, basis, constancy, deliberation, design, desire, desired
cure title to, redeem, secure, secure for a consideration result, destination, determination, direction, doggedness,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: words of purchase drive, eagerness, end, expectation, final cause, firmness,
force, function, goal, guiding principle, hope, idea, institu-
PURCHASER, noun acquirer, buyer, client, clientele, tum, intended result, intent, intention, mens, mission, mo-
consumer, customer, end user, enjoyer, owner, patron, per- tivating idea, motive, object, objective, perseverance, per-
son conducting business, person conducting transactions, sistence, plan, point, propositum, resolution, resolve,
possessor, procurer, prospect, retail client, retail customer, service, significance, singleness, target, tenacity, use, voli-
shopper, user tion, voluntariness, will, wish, zeal
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: business purpose, charitable purpose,
PURE, adjective absolute, chaste, clean, clear, com- intent, malice, unlawful purpose
plete, disinfected, entire, expurgated, faultless, flawless, FOREIGN PHRASES: Lex neminem cogit ad vana seu inutilia
guileless, guiltless, homogeneous, honorable, immacu- peragenda. The law compels no one to do futile or useless
late, incorrupt, innocent, integer, perfect, positive, purus, things. Lex nil facit frustra, nil jubet frustra. The law does
real, righteous, sheer, simple, sincere, sinless, spotless, not do anything nor commands anyone to do anything which
stainless, sterilized, taintless, total, true, unadulterated, would be futile. Impunitas continuum affectum tribuit de-
unblemished, unclouded, uncontaminated, uncorrupt, linquendi. Impunity confirms the disposition of a delinquent.
uncorrupted, undefiled, unmarred, unmingled, unmiti- Benigne faciendae sunt interpretationes, propter sim-
gated, unmixed, unpolluted, unspotted, unstained, unsul- plicitatem laicorum, ut res magis valeat quam pereat; et
lied, untainted, untarnished, untouched, upright, utter, verba intentioni, non e contra, debent inservire.
virtuous, whole Interpretations should be liberal, because of the lack of training
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: pure comparative negligence of laymen, so that the subject matter should be valid rather
than void; and words should be subject to the intention, not
PURELY (Positively), adverb absolutely, decidedly, the intention to the words. Frustra fit per plura, quod fieri
downright, entirely, essentially, fundamentally, in all re- potest per pauciora. That is needlessly done by many which
spects, in truth, perfectly, really, seriously, thoroughly, to- can be done by fewer. Potentia inutilis frustra est. Useless
tally, unconditionally, unequivocally, utterly power is vain.
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: purely charitable institution, purely
charitable purpose, purely manufacturing purposes, purely PURPOSEFUL, adjective advantageous, beneficial,
public charity bound, calculated, contributory, decided, dedicated, delib-
erate, designed, determined, devoted, dogged, earnest,
PURELY (Simply), adverb barely, essentially, merely, firm, helpful, inexorable, intended, intense, intent, inten-
mostly, plainly tional, intransigent, meant, obstinate, persevering, persis-
tent, pertinacious, planned, practical, productive, purpo-
PURGE (Purify), verb clarify, clean, cleanse, clear, depu- sive, resolute, resolved, sedulous, serious, single-minded,
rate, deterge, discharge, edulcorate, eliminate, elutriate, stalwart, staunch, steadfast, steady, strong-minded,
empty, eradicate, evacuate, excrete, expel, expurgate, filter, strong-willed, stubborn, studied, telic, tenacious, uncom-
free from impurity, get rid of, rectify, refine, rout out, sanc- promising, undeviating, unfaltering, unflagging, unflinch-
tify, scour, separate, strain, sublimate, sweep out, wash away ing, unhesitating, unshrinking, unswerring, unwavering,
usable, useful, utilitarian, valuable, willful, worthwhile,
PURGE (Wipe out by atonement), verb absolve, acquit, zealous
clear, exculpate, excuse, exempt, forgive, grant absolution,
pardon, reclaim, redeem, shrive PURPOSELY, adverb according to plan, by choice, by
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: purge of contempt design, by will, calculatedly, consciously, deliberately,

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designedly, expressly, intentionally, knowingly, on pur- PUSH, verb advocate, animate, back, be resolute,
pose, pointedly, purposefully, studiously, volitionally, vol- boost, carry to a conclusion, coerce, constrain, dispatch,
untarily, willfully, willingly, with forethought, with free will, drive, drive on, endeavor, endure, exert one’s self, exhort,
with intent, with premeditation, wittingly expedite, facilitate, follow up, foray, force, forge ahead, get
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: intent, malice behind, give impetus to, goad, grind, impact, impel, im-
portune, incite, induce, instigate, jostle, launch, motivate,
PURSUANT TO, preposition according to, agreeable nudge, persevere, persist, plod, plug away, press, press
to, agreeing to, commensurate with, compatible to, con- forward, press on, pressure, prod, project, promote, pro-
forming to, consistent with, consonant with, in accord with, voke, quicken, see it through, set in motion, shove, speed,
in accordance with, in harmony with spur, stimulate, strive, struggle, struggle on, support,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: pursuant to the law thrust, urge, urge to action

PURSUE (Carry on), verb adhere to, cling to, conduct, PUSILLANIMOUS, adjective afraid, bashful, careful,
continue, cultivate, enact, engage, execute, follow, go in cautious, cowardly, coy, diffident, fainthearted, fearful,
for, keep on, keep up, maintain, perform, permanere, per- feeble, frightened, scared, shy, soft, timid, timorous, un-
severe, persist, persistere, practice, proceed, prosecute, manly, wary, weak
stick to
PUT (Phrase), verb ascribe, attribute, cast, describe, ex-
PURSUE (Chase), verb consectari, ferret out, follow, press, impute, pose, posit, postulate, present, propound,
follow a trail, go after, go in pursuit of, hunt, prosequi, say, set forth, state, throw
prowl, quest, run after, run down, search, seek, sequi, trace,
track, trail PUT (Place), verb apply, assign a place, attach, base,
deposit, dispense, fix, give, imbed, implant, infuse, inject,
PURSUE (Strive to gain), verb aim, aspire to, attempt, be install, instill, introduce, lodge, park, place, plant, posi-
bent upon, be determined to get, be intent upon, bid for, tion, raise, repose, seat, set, site, situate, station, submit,
consectari, contrive to gain, court, covet, desire, endeavor tender
to gain, exert oneself for, intend, labor for, progress, push ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: constructive bailment, involuntary
toward, seek, seek to attain, sequi, set as a goal, solicit, bailment
steer for, strive for, struggle for, try for, try one’s best, try to
obtain, work for PUT FORTH, verb advance, advise, air, argue, commu-
nicate, display, emit, employ, exert, exhibit, extend, go
PURSUIT (Chase), noun chase, consectatio, effort to forth, issue, make a suggestion, move, offer, parade, pass,
secure, hunt, inquest, inquiry, inquisition, investigation, plead, posit, postulate, present, profess, proffer, propose,
probe, prosecution, quest, search, stalk, studium proposition, propound, publish, pullulate, put forward,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: hot pursuit doctrine raise, reach forth, set forth, start, start out, submit, use,
venture to say
PURSUIT (Effort to secure), noun attempt, campaign, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: examine a witness, introduce into evi-
effort, endeavor, exertion, hunt, investigation, laborious dence, proffer into evidence, put allegations in a complaint,
application, probe, quest, search, strenuous effort, put forth pleadings
struggle, sustained trial, try, undertaking, venture
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: hot pursuit doctrine PUT IN AN APPEARANCE, verb actualize, appear,
arise, arrive, come out, emerge, record the representa-
PURSUIT (Goal), noun aim, ambition, destination, end, tion of a client, register as an attorney, represent, repre-
object, objective, purpose, target sent as counsel, resurface, show up, turn up

PURSUIT (Occupation), noun activity, appointment, PUT INTO MOTION, verb actualize, begin, cause, com-
avocation, business, calling, capacity, career, chosen mence, create, effectuate, engender, establish, father,
work, concern, craft, department, employment, en- found, generate, give birth to, inaugurate, initiate, institute,
deavor, engagement, enterprise, field, function, job, life- kick off, launch, lead off, organize, originate, pioneer, set
work, line, living, means of livelihood, metier, negotium, up, spawn, springboard, start
office, position, post, practice, profession, project, prov-
ince, regular employment, situation, specialization, PUTATIVE, adjective acknowledged, alleged, as-
specialty, sphere, task, trade, undertaking, venture, voca- sumed, attributed, avowed, believed, claimed, commonly
tion, work considered, conjectured, deemed, falsus, ostensible, pre-
sumed, presumptive, professed, purported, recognized,
PURVIEW, noun ambit, area, arena, borderline, bound- reported, reputed, speculative, supposed
ary, bounds, breadth, circumscription, compass, concern, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: putative father, putative parent
confine, contemplation, delimitation, department, design,
extent, latitude, latitudo, limit, limitation, limits, locus, PUZZLE, verb addle, baffle, befog, befuddle, bemuse,
magnitude, meaning, orbit, perimeter, plan, province, pur- bewilder, buffalo, complicate, confound, confuse, discom-
pose, range, reach, scope, span, sphere, stretch, term, bobulate, disorient, fox, fuddle, maze, muddle, muddy,
territory, view, zone mystify, obfuscate, perplex, pose, vex
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: purview of a statute
PYRAMID SCHEME, noun artifice, cheating, chicanery,
PUSH, noun acceleration, assault, attack, boost, foray, cozenage, crookery, cunning, deception, device, fraud,
impact, impetus, impulse, impulsion, incursion, main force, hoax, play, plot, ploy, Ponzi scheme, sham, skulduggery,
pressure, propulsion, shove, stimulus, thrust stratagem, swindling, trickery

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QUAGMIRE, noun complication, crisis, critical situa- QUALIFY (Condition), verb alter, attemper, bound, con-
tion, dead end, deadlock, difficulty, dilemma, distress, fine, control, correct, extenuare, govern, introduce changes,
emergency, entanglement, exigency, imbroglio, im- introduce new conditions, keep within limits, limit, modify,
passe, involvement, mess, misfortune, muddle, nonplus, narrow, regulate, restrict, revise, specify, temper
perplexity, pinch, plight, predicament, problem, quan- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: qualified acceptance, qualified fee,
dary, scrape, spot, state, strait, tight situation, trial, tribu- qualified gift, qualified endorsement, qualified privilege
lation, trouble
QUALIFY (Meet standards), verb accredit, allow,
QUALIFICATION (Condition), noun condicio, exceptio, aptum, authorize, certify, confer a right, empower, enable,
exception, exemption, limitation, modification, provision, endorse, entitle, give a permit, give a warrant, have the
proviso, requirement, requisite, reservation, restriction, qualifications, have the requisites, license, make capable,
specification, stipulation, term make competent, make suitable, measure up, meet the
demands, meet the specifications, permit, practice, prepare,
QUALIFICATION (Fitness), noun ability, acceptability, sanction
admissibility, applicability, appositeness, appropriateness, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: failure to qualify, qualify for appointment
aptitude, aptness, capability, capacity, compatibility, com-
petency, correctness, desirability, efficiency, eligibility, en- QUALITY (Attribute), noun characteristic, endowment,
dowment, entitlement, expedience, fittingness, occasion, feature, idiocrasy, idiosyncrasy, individualism, nature, par-
pertinence, preparation, preparedness, propriety, readi- ticularity, peculiarity, property, singularity, trait
ness, relevance, right, rightness, skill, suitability, suitable-
ness, suitedness, worthiness QUALITY (Excellence), noun ability, ableness, aptness,
caliber, character, class, competency, fineness, goodness,
QUALIFIED (Competent), adjective able, acceptable, grade, merit, might, potency, potentiality, power, puissance,
accomplished, adapted, adept, adequate, apt, capable, rank, soundness, standing, status, superiority, validity, value,
deft, efficacious, eligible, entitled, equal to, equipped, ex- worth
perienced, expert, fit, knowing, licensed, practiced, profi-
cient, skilled, skillful, suitable, trained, versed, well-suited, QUALITY (Grade), noun ability, ableness, aptness, charac-
worthy, worthy of choice ter, condition, distinction, earmark, endowment, feature,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: qualified applicant, qualified elector merit, nature, particularity, property, standing, tendency,
worth
QUALIFIED (Conditioned), adjective accommodatus, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: inferior quality, warranty as to quality
checked, circumscribed, circumstanced, conditional, con-
tingent upon, controlled, curbed, decreased, defined, de- QUALM, noun anxiety, apprehension, apprehensive-
limited, dependent, diminished, idoneus, limitary, limited, ness, compunction, concern, diffidence, disquiet, distrust,
moderated, modified, not absolute, prerequisite, pre- doubt, doubtfulness, dubiety, dubiousness, equivocalness,
scribed, provisional, provisionary, provisory, restricted, feeling of uncertainty, foreboding, hesitance, hesitancy,
stipulatory, subject to terms hesitation, incertitude, lack of certainty, lack of confidence,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: qualified acceptance, qualified en- lack of conviction, misgiving, mistrust, nervousness, pause,
dorsement, qualified privilege, qualified right question, scruple, skepticism, suspicion, twinge of con-
science, uncertainty, undecidedness, uneasiness, want of
QUALIFIED IMMUNITY, noun immunity for public of- confidence, worry
ficials except for violation of a clearly established right,
immunity for public officials when performing duties re- QUANDARY, noun bafflement, bewilderment, con-
sponsibly, protection for public officials from lawsuits, foundment, confusedness, confusion, difficulty, dilemma,
shield for government officials reasonably performing disconcertion, doubt, doubtfulness, dubiety, dubiosity,
duties dubiousness, dubitation, incertitude, indecision, indeter-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: 42 USC §1983 mination, irresolution, nonplus, perplexity, perturbation,

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plight, predicament, puzzlement, quagmire, state of out, quash, quench, repress, silence, smother, snuff out,
doubt, uncertainness, uncertainty squelch, stop, subdue, subjugate, suppress, vanquish

QUANTIFY, verb analyze, appraise, ascertain, assess, QUERULOUS, adjective bewailing, canting, captious,
compute, count, delineate, demarcate, determine, esti- carping, censorious, clamorous, complaining, contentious,
mate, evaluate, explain, figure, gauge, measure, rank, rate, cross, difficult, difficult to please, discontented, disputa-
scale, size, specify, survey, understand, value, weigh tious, dissatisfied, exceptious, faultfinding, fractious, fretful,
grouchy, grumbling, hard to please, hypercritical, hyper-
QUANTITY, noun abundance, aggregate, allotment, sensitive, irritable, lamentative, lamenting, maledicent,
amount, amplitude, apportionment, batch, bulk, bunch, mournful, nagging, overcritical, peevish, pettish, petulant,
crowd, fullness, heap, host, large number, legion, lot, mass, plaintful, plaintive, pugnacious, puling, quarrelsome, queri-
measure, measurement, mess, muchness, multiplicity, bundus, querimonious, querulus, shrewish, splenetic, tear-
multitude, multitudinousness, myriads, number, numerus, ful, testy, touchy, vixenish, wailful, waspish, whimpering,
pack, plenty, portion, profusion, quantitas, quantum, store, whining, whiny
sum, sum total, supply, totality, volume
QUERY, noun call, examination, exploration, inquiry,
QUANTUM MERUIT, noun compensation for value re- inquisition, interrogation, interrogatory, investigation,
ceived, contractual obligation to pay for value received, issue, poll, probe, probing, question, questionnaire, re-
indemnification for value received, payment, payment for quest, research, study, survey
as much as deserved, payment for benefit received, pay-
ment for value obtained, payment for value provided, pay- QUEST, noun chase, crusade, expedition, exploration,
ment for value received, recompense, recovery, redress, hunt, inquiry, journey, perquisition, pursuit, research,
remuneration for value received search, searching, seeking

QUANTUM OF PROOF, noun level of proof required, QUESTION (Inquiry), noun asking, essay, examination,
proper measure of proof required, standard of proof re- exploration, inquisition, interpellation, interrogation, interrog-
quired atory, investigation, probe, quaestio, query, rogatio, scrutiny,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: beyond a reasonable doubt standard in search, subject of inquiry, survey, test, theme of inquiry
criminal cases, preponderance of the evidence standard in ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: leading question
most civil cases FOREIGN PHRASES: Rogationes, quaestiones, et positio-
nes debent esse simplices. Demands, questions, and
QUARANTINE, noun confinement, custody, detach- claims ought to be simple. Multiplex et indistinctum
ment, medical segregation, period of detention, period of parit confusionem; et quaestiones quo simpliciores,
isolation, restraint of movement, sanitary cordon, seclusion, eo lucidiores. Multiplicity and indistinctness produce
segregation, separation, strict isolation confusion; and the more simple the questions, the more
lucid they are.
QUARREL, verb altercate, argue, bicker, brawl, chal-
lenge, clash, contend, contest, controvert, dare, debate, QUESTION (Issue), noun bone of contention, case,
discuss, dispute, fall out, fight, hassle, jar, object, protest, enigma, mystery, point in dispute, problem, proposition,
quibble, row, scrap, spat, squabble, tangle, tiff, wrangle puzzle, subject, theme, topic
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: mixed question of law and fact, politi-
QUASH, verb abate, abolish, annul, cancel, counter- cal question, question of fact, question of law
mand, declare null and void, destroy, disannul, discard, dis-
establish, dismiss, dispel, dissolve, end, eradicate, extinguish, QUESTION THE VERACITY OF, verb be doubtful, be
extirpate, invalidate, make void, nullify, obliterate, overrule, dubious, be skeptical, be suspicious, be uncertain, chal-
overthrow, overturn, overwelm, put an end to, put down, lenge, disbelieve, discredit, dispute, distrust, doubt, doubt
quell, quench, repeal, repress, rescind, rescindere, reverse, the truth of, entertain doubts, find hard to believe, give no
squelch, stop, subdue, suppress, terminate, vacate, withdraw credence to, greet with skepticism, harbor certain doubts,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: motion to quash, quash a subpoena harbor suspicions, have misgivings about, have one’s
doubts, have questions over, have reservations, hesitate to
QUASI, adjective almost, imitation, mock, mostly, near, accept as true, impugn, lack confidence in, misbelieve,
not entirely, pseudo, pseudonymous mistrust, question, suspect, withhold reliance
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: quasi civil action, quasi contract, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: cross examination, examination of a
quasi corporation, quasi crime, quasi criminal, quasi witness, interrogation, question under oath
criminal proceeding, quasi derelict, quasi easement, quasi
estoppel, quasi fee, quasi guardian, quasi in rem, quasi QUESTION UNDER OATH, verb ask, conduct question-
individual, quasi judicial officer, quasi jurisdictional facts, ing, cross-examine, examine, examine judicially, examine
quasi legislative agency, quasi lien, quasi municipal cor- on direct, examine while on trial, grill, inquire, interrogate,
poration, quasi partnership, quasi party, quasi powers, investigate, probe, put to the question, question, request,
quasi proceedings, quasi public corporation, quasi re- rest, subject to intense cross-examination, subject to ques-
mainder, quasi trustee tioning

QUASI, adverb almost as, apparently, as if, as though, QUESTIONABLE (Dubious), adjective ambiguous, argu-
as though it were, in a certain sense, in a manner, in name able, at issue, contestable, controversial, controvertible,
only, just as, seemingly but not actually, to a certain extent debatable, disputable, doubtable, doubtful, dubious, dubi-
table, enigmatical, equivocal, experimental, fallible, hard to
QUELL, verb abate, clamp down, crack down, crush, believe, hardly possible, improbable, inconceivable, incred-
douse, exterminate, extinguish, obliterate, put down, put ible, indefinite, indeterminate, in dispute, in question,

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moot, more than doubtful, not axiomatic, objectionable, unperturbed, unpresumptuous, unpretentious, unresisting,
open to doubt, open to question, perplexing, puzzling, vegetating
speculative, suspect, suspicious, tentative, unauthentic,
uncertain, unconvincing, undecided, undetermined, un- QUIET (Soundless), adjective calm, glassy, halcyon,
likely, unreliable, unsettled, unsound, unsure, unsustain- hushed, inarticulate, latent, lethargic, mum, mute, noiseless,
able, untenable, untrustworthy, vague passive, peaceful, quiescent, reserved, reticent, speechless,
silent, still, tranquil, uncommunicative, unmoved, voiceless
QUESTIONABLE (Unethical), adjective corrupt, dishon- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: covenant of quiet enjoyment, quieting
est, dishonorable, disreputable, ill-gotten, immoral, perfidi- title
ous, shady, unconscionable, underhanded, unprincipled,
unscrupulous, untrustworthy QUIET, noun calm, calmness, cessation, composure,
dormancy, ease, freedom from disturbance, gentleness,
QUESTIONNAIRE, noun blank, canvas, census, exami- hush, immobility, intermission, latency, lull, moderation,
nation, examination paper, form, form to be completed, muteness, noiselessness, passivity, patience, pause, peace,
form to be filled in, inquiry, poll, public opinion poll, ques- peacefulness, placidity, quiescence, quietness, quietude,
tion list, request for information, statement, study, survey relaxation, repose, reserve, rest, restfulness, reticence,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: questionable testimony serenity, silence, soundlessness, stagnation, still, stillness,
tranquility, uncommunicativeness
QUEUE, noun assemblage, chain, file, lineup, order,
progression, range, rank, retinue, row of people, sequence, QUIET, verb alleviate, appease, assuage, blunt, calm,
series, single file, string, succession, tier, train close, comfort, compose, conclude, cut short, decrease,
dulcify, dull, lull, mitigate, moderate, mollify, mute, pacify,
QUIBBLE, verb bicker, cavil, contend with, differ, dis- palliate, placate, put a stop to, quell, relieve, remit, repress,
agree, dispute, dissent, equivocate, fence, haggle, join silence, sober, soften, soothe, stifle, strangle, subdue, sub-
issue, oppose, palter, quarrel, tergiversate, wrangle side, temper, terminate, tranquilize, wind up

QUICK (Discerning), adjective acute, adept, adroit, QUIETUDE, noun calm, comity, concord, harmony,
agile, aggressive, astute, brainy, bright, brilliant, clever, deft, hush, lull, mildness, peace, peacefulness, placidity, quiet-
dexterous, discerning, educable, educatable, fiery, instructa- ness, relaxedness, repose, respite, restfulness, sereneness,
ble, intelligent, irascible, irritable, keen, nimble-fingered, of serenity, silence, stillness, tranquility
ready intelligence, peppery, sagacious, schoolable, sharp,
skillful, snappish, teachable, trainable QUINTESSENCE, noun acme, acme of perfection, cen-
ter, character, characteristic, consequence, consummation,
QUICK (Fleeting), adjective active, artful, born, brief, content, core, cornerstone, corpus, culmination, distilled
caducous, cursory, deft, elusive, ephemeral, evanescent, essence, elixir, essence, essentialness, essential part, gist,
expeditious, express, facile, fast, fleet, fleeting, frisky, heart, height, kernel, lifeblood, main point, marrow, ne plus
hasty, hurried, immediate, impermanent, impulsive, in- ultra, optimum, prime, quiddity, soul, spirit, substance,
stant, instantaneous, meteoric, momentary, nimble, pass- summit, superlative, ultimate
ing, perfunctory, perishable, perspicacious, precipitate,
proficient, prompt, rapid, ready, short-lived, speedy, spir- QUIRK (Accident), noun accidental occurrence, casu-
ited, sudden, summary, swift, temporary, transient, transi- alty, chance, circumstance, fate, fortuitous event, fortuity,
tory, vivacious, volatile, wide-awake freak, hap, inadvertence, luck, misadventure, mischance,
mishap, nonintentional occurrence, turn, twist, undesigned
QUID PRO QUO, noun agreement, counterbalance, occurrence, unforeseen event, unforeseen occurrence, un-
counterpoise, equipoise, exchange, express agreement, intentionality, unplanned happening, unpremeditation
give and take, interchange, measure for measure, mutual
agreement, mutual consideration, mutual understanding, QUIRK (Idiosyncrasy), noun aberration, abnormality,
one thing in return for another, reciprocality, reciprocation, abnormity, anomaly, bizarreness, defiance of custom, depar-
reciprocity, something equivalent, something for some- ture, deviation, divergence, eccentricity, exception, fancy,
thing, substitute, understanding habit, idiocrasy, individuality, infringement of custom, irregu-
larity, kink, mannerism, nonconformity, oddity, outlandish-
QUIESCENCE, noun abeyance, calm, calmness, cessa- ness, particularity, peculiarity, queerness, singularity, strange
tion, composure, dead calm, dead stop, dormancy, dying behavior, strange occurrence, strangeness, twist, unconfor-
down, hush, immobility, inaction, inactivity, inertia, inert- mity, unconventionality, unorthodoxy, unusualness, vagary
ness, intermission, latency, lethargy, lull, motionlessness,
passivity, pause, peace, peacefulness, placidity, quiet, qui- QUIT (Discontinue), verb abandon, abdicate, abjure,
etness, quietude, remission, repose, rest, restfulness, se- abort, acknowledge defeat, admit defeat, apostatize, arrest,
renity, silence, sleep, stagnation, standstill, stillness, sub- back out, become inactive, break off, bring to an end, call a
sidence, suspense, tranquility halt, capitulate, cause a stoppage, cause to halt, cease,
cease progress, cease to use, cease work, check, come to a
QUIET (Low-key), adjective at rest, collected, contented, standstill, cut out, desist from, drop, finish, forgo, forsake,
cool, cool-headed, decent, demure, diffident, dispassion- forswear, give up, go into retirement, go out of business,
ate, dormant, easygoing, gentle, humble, imperturbable, halt, have done with, intermit, lay aside, leave off, leave
inconspicuous, inexcitable, laconic, lifeless, meek, mild, unfinished, make an end of, nol-pros, put a stop to, put an
moderate, modest, orderly, patient, peaceable, placid, pri- end to, relinquish, renounce, resign, retire, secede, stand
vate, resting, restrained, retiring, sedate, serene, sober, aside, step down, stop, succumb, suffer defeat, surcease,
solemn, stagnant, static, subdued, taciturn, unassuming, surrender, suspend, tergiversate, terminate, withdraw,
undemonstrative, unemphatic, unobtrusive, unostentatious, yield

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QUIT (Evacuate), verb abandon, abscond, beat a retreat, QUIZ, verb ask, catechize, check, cross-examine, cross-
decamp, defect, depart from, desert, disappear, egress, question, examine, grill, inquire, interrogate, investigate,
emigrate, escape, exit, flee, forsake, get out, go, go away, probe, query, question, question under oath, test
go forth, go out, hurry away, leave, make a departure, make
an exit, move away, part, pull out, remove oneself, retire, QUORUM, noun abundance, adequacy, adequateness,
retreat, run away, separate from, set forth, set out, take ampleness, completeness, enough, full measure, legal
flight, take leave, take leave of, take oneself away, turn minimum, plentifulness, plenty, plenum, quota, sufficience,
one’s back on, vacate, vanish, walk away, walk out, with- sufficiency, sufficient number, sufficient quantity
draw ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: absence of quorum, full quorum
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: notice to quit, quit
QUOTA, noun allocation, allotment, allowance, appor-
QUIT (Free of), verb absolve, acquit, clear, deliver, dis- tionment, appropriation, assignment, check, circumscrip-
charge, disembroil, disencumber, disengage, disentangle, tion, constraint, containment, contingent, control, curb,
emancipate, exonerate, extricate, grant amnesty to, liber- dispensation, extent, inhibition, limit, limitation, measure,
ate, lift controls, manumit, pardon, release, render free, number, percentage, portion, proportion, quantity, quan-
rescue, set at liberty, set free tum, ratio, ration, regulation, restraint, restriction, share,
suppression
QUIT (Repay), verb balance accounts, be even with, clear ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: quota system, racial quota
a debt, clear accounts, compensate, discharge a debt, indem-
nify, make compensation, make payment, make reparation, QUOTATION (Estimate), noun appraisal, appraise-
make restitution, pay a debt, pay an indemnity, pay back, pay ment, assessment, calculation, check, computation, cost,
in full, pay off, pay old debts, recompense, refund, reimburse, estimation, evaluation, measurement, price, reassessment,
remunerate, restore, return, settle a debt, settle an account reckoning, valuation

QUITCLAIM, noun acquittance, deed exculpating the QUOTATION (Statement), noun allusion, citation,
transferor, deed of release, quittance, receipt, waiver exact quote from a source, excerpt, extract, line, reference,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: quitclaim and convey, quitclaim deed, saying, section, snippet, statement, words said
quitclaim sales
QUOTE, verb adduce, adferre, circumstantiate, cite,
QUIXOTIC, adjective chimerical, dreamy, fanciful, ide- cite a holding of a case, corroborate, detail, document,
alistic, illusory, impracticable, impractical, mad, notional, duplicate, establish, excerpt, extract, give word for word,
quixotical, romantic, unrealistic, utopian, visionary go into detail, instance, make reference, paraphrase, point
out, produce an instance, proferre, recapitulate, recite, re-
QUIZ, noun catechism, examination, inquest, inquiry, count, refer, reiterate, repeat, rephrase, report, reproduce,
inquisition, investigation, interrogation, quest, questioning, restate, retell, reword, specify, substantiate, support, vali-
quizzing, request, review, test date, verify

RACE, noun ancestry, birth, breed, class, cultural run swiftly, rush, scamper, scramble, scud, speed, sprint,
group, culture, descent, ethnic group, ethnic stock, extrac- spurt, tear, whiz
tion, family, folk, genealogy, genus, group, kind, line, par- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: assumption of risk, race to the record-
entage, people, phylum, stem, stirps, stock, strain ing office, racing commission
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: discrimination, race, creed, and
color RACE-CONSCIOUS ADMISSIONS PROCESS, noun def-
erential treatment for minorities in the admissions process,
RACE, verb accelerate, bolt, chase, compete, dart, giving minority students a preference through the admis-
dash, engage in a contest of speed, enter a competition, sions procedures, quota alternative, race criteria to ensure
fly, gallop, hasten, hie, hurry, hustle, move at an acceler- minority representation, use of racial criteria in admissions,
ated rate of speed, plunge ahead, pursue, run, run a race, using race to admit students for diversity

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RACKET, noun conspiracy, corruption, criminal activity, RANCOR, noun acerbity, acrimony, animosity, antago-
criminality, dishonesty, fraud, fraudulence, illegitimate un- nism, antipathy, aversion, bitter feelings, bitterness, en-
dertaking, illicit business, illicit scheme, improbity, law- mity, grudge, harshness, hate, hatred, hostility, ill feeling,
breaking, lawlessness, misdealing, organized illegal activity, ill will, invidia, malevolence, malice, malignity, odium, re-
scheme, thievery, trick, underworld activity sentment, revenge, revengefulness, ruthlessness, spite,
spitefulness, uncharitableness, unfriendliness, vendetta,
RACKETEER, noun contrabandist, criminal, dealer in vengeance, vengefulness, venom, venomousness, vindic-
illicit goods, extorter, gangleader, gangster, illicit dealer, tiveness, virulence
malefactor, member of organized crime, miscreant,
mobster, offender, underworld character, underworld RANDOM, adjective accidental, aimless, blind, casual,
gangster chance, cursory, designless, desultory, done without rea-
son, fortuitous, haphazard, immethodical, incidental, indis-
RADIATE, verb beam, branch out, coruscate, diffuse, criminate, irregular, orderless, promiscuous, purposeless,
disperse, emanate in rays, emit heat, emit rays, exude, stray, unaimed, unarranged, uncoordinated, undesigned,
fulgere, irradiate, issue rays, overspread, radiare, ramify, undirected, unguided, unorganized, unpremeditated
reflect, scatter, send, send forth, shed, splay, spread, throw
off heat, throw out, transmit RANGE, noun ambit, area, arena, boundaries, bounds,
breadth, compass, distance, earshot, extent, field, gamut,
RADICAL (Extreme), adjective absolute, altogether, com- genus, hearing, limit, line, perimeter, power, reach, scope,
plete, comprehensive, entire, exhaustive, intensive, maximal, space, span, sphere, stretch, sweep
plenary, sweeping, thorough, thoroughgoing, total, whole
RANK, noun caste, class, degree, dignity, echelon,
RADICAL (Favoring drastic change), adjective advocat- evaluation, fashion, footing, level, measure, place, position,
ing change, fanatical, freethinking, iconoclastic, insurgent, preeminence, preferment, quality, run, situation, standing,
insurrectionary, militant, mutinous, progressive, rebellious, state, station, status, stratum
recusant, revolutionary, ultraist, uncompromising
RANSOM, noun cost of reclamation, cost of recovery,
RAID, verb assail, assault, attack, charge, conquer, deliverance, extrication, pretium, price of redemption, price
crush, despoil, dominate, invade, loot, maraud, overcome, of retaking, price of retrieval, redemption, rescue
overpower, overwhelm, pillage, plunder, ransack, ravage,
rush, sack, storm, strike, strip, subdue, subject, subjugate, RANSOM FACTOR, noun disposal value, harassment
vanquish value, means to avoid protracted litigation, means to get
out of a case, nuisance value, practical means to cut losses,
RAINMAKER, noun activity to develop business, bring- settlement after cost-benefit analysis is conducted, settle-
ing in a case flow, bringing in cases, bringing in new busi- ment to avoid litigation, settlement to dispose of a case,
ness, bringing in new clients, bringing in new files, bringing settlement value regardless of the merits
in new matters, bringing in work, client development, pro-
ducing business, producing new clients, producing new work RAPACIOUS, adjective avaricious, avidus, cormorant,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: business development, client develop- depredatory, devouring, grasping, greedy, insatiable, insa-
ment, marketing tiate, living on prey, lupine, marauding, pillaging, piratical,
plundering, predacious, predatory, preying, rapax, raven-
RAISE (Advance), verb aggrandize, augment, boost, ing, ravenous, voracious, vulturine, vulturous, wolfish
bring up, dignify, elevate, enhance, enlarge, ennoble, exalt,
further, glorify, heighten, honor, increase, lift, move up, prize, RAPE, noun abuse, assault, constupration, defilement,
promote, propose, provehere, put, suggest, uplift, upraise defloration, depredation, despoliation, forcible violation,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: raise an objection pillage, plunder, plunderage, rapere, rapine, ravage, rav-
ishment, seduction, sexual assault, spoliation, stupration,
RAISE (Collect), verb accumulate, assemble, bring to- violation
gether, conligere, gather together, get, levy, muster, obtain, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: criminal assault, statutory rape
procure
RAPID, adjective accelerated, active, bustling, expedi-
RAISON D’ETRE, noun animus, arterial blood, basic, tious, express, fast, feverish, fleet, galloping, hasty, hurried,
basic nutrition, driving force, essence of life, essential ingre- instant, light-footed, lively, nimble, posthaste, quick, rapi-
dient, force of life, foundation, fundamental, inspiration, dus, rushing, smart, speedy, swift, velox, winged
inspiriting force, inspiriting power, life essence, lifeblood,
moving force, spirit, vital energy, vital flame, vital fluid, RAPPORT, noun accord, accordance, affinity, agreement,
vital force, vital principle, vital spark, vital spirit alliance, closeness, compatibility, concord, concordance,
concurrence, congruity, consonance, empathy, harmonious
RAMBLING, adjective circuitous, circular, circumlocu- relation, harmony, intimacy, mutual appreciation, mutual-
tory, crooked, curvy, indirect, long-winded, meandering, ity, relationship, understanding
prolix, rambling, roundabout, serpentine, sinuous, tortu-
ous, twisting, verbose, wandering, winding RAPPROCHEMENT, noun accord, accordance, agree-
ment, alliance, amiability, amicability, amity, concord,
RAMPANT, adjective dominant, everywhere, exces- concordance, cordial relations, cordiality, fellow feeling,
sive, extravagant, exuberant, ferox, flourishing, growing, fellowship, fraternization, friendliness, friendship, harmony,
irrepressible, overabundant, prevalent, prolific, rife, spread- improved relations, mutual friendliness, mutuality, neigh-
ing, superbire, unchecked, uncontrolled, unrestrained, un- borliness, rapport, reciprocity, reconcilement, reconcilia-
stopped, widespread, wild tion, reunion, unanimity, understanding, unison, unity

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RARE, adjective choice, curious, different, excellent, ex- discerning, discriminating, endowed with reason, enlight-
ceptional, exquisite, extraordinary, fine, incomparable, incon- ened, exercising reason, intelligent, judicious, justifiable,
ceivable, infrequent, inusitatus, matchless, noteworthy, out knowing, legitimate, levelheaded, logical, lucid, objective,
of circulation, out of the ordinary, peerless, precious, price- plausible, ratiocinative, ratione praeditus, reasonable, rea-
less, rarus, scarce, seldom seen, select, singular, singularis, soning, reflective, sagacious, sage, sane, sensible, sober,
special, strange, superlative, uncommon, uncustomary, sound, stable, thinking, thoughtful, understanding, well-
unequaled, unexampled, unfamiliar, unique, unparalleled, grounded, wise
unusual ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: rational basis

RATE, noun amount, assessment, charge, cost, expense, RATIONALE, noun account, basis, cause, elucidation,
fare, fee, hire, magno, obligation, pace, parvo emere, pay- explanation, explication, exposition, fundamental reason,
ment, price, quotation, standard, tempo, valuation, value, ground, logical reasoning, motivation, motive, presumption,
velocity, worth proposition, reason, reasoning, speculation, surmise, theory
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: legal rate of interest, rate of exchange
RATIONALIZE, verb account for, adduce, analyze, cogi-
RATE, verb aestimare, appraise, apprize, assess, calcu- tate, construe, excogitate, excuse, explain, explain away,
late, class, classify, compute, determine, esteem, estimate, justify, make acceptable, make allowances, make excuses,
evaluate, figure, fix the price of, gauge, grade, judge, mea- reason, reconcile, reflect, theorize, think, think logically, vin-
sure, merit, price, quantify, rank, reckon, set a value on, dicate
tag, value, weigh
RAVAGE, verb annihilate, beat, crush, decimate, defeat,
RATIFICATION, noun acceptance, acknowledgment, demolish, desolate, despoil, destroy, devastate, eradicate,
approbation, approval, assent, certification, confirmation, expunge, extinguish, extirpate, foray, harry, loot, maraud,
consent, corroboration, endorsement, sanctio, sanction, obliterate, overpower, overrun, overthrow, overwhelm, pil-
stamp of approval, substantiation, validation lage, plunder, raze, rub out, ruin, sack, scourge, shatter,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: implied ratification, ratification of a smash, strip, total, vaporize, wipe out, wreck
contract, ratification of unauthorized acts
FOREIGN PHRASES: Ratihabitio mandato aequiparatur. REACH, verb accomplish, achieve, amount to, ap-
Ratification is equivalent to an express command. Omnis proach, arrive, attain, catch up, come to, communicate
ratihabitio retrotrahitur et mandato priori aequipara- with, contact, equal, extend to, gain, get, get at, get in
tur. Every ratification relates back and is taken to be the touch with, get through to, impress, influence, keep pace
equal of prior authority. In maleficio, ratihabitio mandato with, meet, move, obtain, overtake, strike, succeed, touch,
comparatur. In tort, a ratification is regarded as a command. triumph
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: overreaching
RATIFY, verb accept, accredit, acknowledge, affirm, agree
to, approve, assent, assure, attest, authenticate, back, bear REACT, verb acknowledge, act, answer, answer back,
out, buttress, certify, circumstantiate, concur, confirm, be affected, behave, boomerang, bounce back, counter,
consent, corroborate, countenance, countersign, embrace, echo, feel, proceed, rebound, reciprocate, recoil, reply,
endorse, establish, guarantee, indorse, insure, make valid, respond, retaliate, return, take action
pass, sanction, seal, sign, subscribe, substantiate, support,
sustain, uphold, validate, verify, warrant REACTION (Opposition), noun backfire, backlash, chal-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: estoppel, express ratification, principal lenge, clash, conflict, contradiction, contrariety, counterten-
and agent dency, differences, disagreement, disapprobation, dis-
countenance, expression of disapproval, objection, offset,
RATING, noun analysis, appraisal, assessment, classifi- polarity, protest, rebound, rebuff, recalcitration, renitence,
cation, determination, estate, estimation, evaluation, grade, renitency, reprisal, resistance, retaliation, retroaction
grading, grouping, measurement, placement, quantifica-
tion, rank, ranking, status, valorization, valuation REACTION (Response), noun answer, attitude, effect,
emotion, feeling, impact, impression, perception, recipro-
RATIO, noun amount, balance, correlation, degree, dif- cal action, rejoinder, repercussion, reply, return, reverbera-
ferential, fixed relation, measure, percentage, perspective, tion, sensation, sense, sentiment, view
proportion, proportional relation, proportionality, quota, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: allergic reaction
range, relative estimate, relative quantity, scale, share, stan-
dard READ, verb apprehend, collect, con, conclude, consider
probable, decipher, deduce, derive, digest, discern, draw a
RATIOCINATION, noun analysis, argumentation, cere- conclusion, gather, glean, grasp, guess, infer, interpret,
bration, cogitation, deduction, dialectics, intellection, intel- know, leaf through, make out, perceive, peruse, pore over,
lectualization, logic, ratiocinatio, rationality, rationalization, presume, reason, scan, skim, study, thumb through, under-
reasoning, thinking, thought stand

RATION, noun allotment, allowance, apportionment, READILY, adverb eagerly, easily, effortlessly, enthusias-
appropriation, assignment, demensum, dispensation, dis- tically, freely, gladly, graciously, heartily, lief, prompte,
tribution, division, dole, helping, measure, parcel, part, promptly, quickly, smoothly, voluntarily, willingly
percentage, piece, pittance, portion, proportion, provision,
quantity, quota, serving, share, slice READY (Prepared), adjective able, accessible, armed,
arranged, at hand, available, equipped, expectant, fit,
RATIONAL, adjective agreeable to reason, analytical, groomed, in harness, in order, in position, in readiness, in
balanced, cerebral, clearheaded, cognitive, consentaneus, working order, loaded, mature, mobilized, on call, paratus,

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primed, prompt, promptus, quick, ripe, set, speedy, stand- REALIZE (Obtain as a profit), verb achieve, acquire, at-
ing by, swift, waiting tain, benefit, clear, come by, earn, enjoy, gain, get, make, net,
obtain, obtain a return, pecuniam redigere, procure, produce,
READY (Willing), adjective acquiescent, agreeable, profit, reap, receive, turn into cash, turn into money
alacritous, alert, animated, anxious, ardent, assenting,
available, avid, cheerful, compliant, consenting, delighted, REALIZE (Understand), verb absorb, appreciate, appre-
disposed, eager, enthusiastic, expeditious, favorably hend, assimilate, become aware, become conscious, cog-
minded, fervent, given, glad, happy, inclined, keen, predis- nize, comprehend, comprehendere, digest, discern, fathom,
posed, prone, propense, zealous, zestful grasp, intellegere, know, learn, make out, perceive, recog-
nize, see, take in
REAFFIRM, verb accent, accentuate, buttress, confirm,
emphasize, fortify, go over, insist, iterate, punctuate, reassert, REALM, noun area, authority, bailiwick, country, de-
reiterate, repeat, restate, retell, stress, sustain, underline mesne, department, domain, dominion, empire, field, juris-
diction, kingdom, land, monarchy, orbit, perimeters, power,
REAFFIRMATION, noun absolute assertion, acknowl- province, region, respublica, sphere, territory
edgment, affirmance, approval, authentication, certifica-
tion, confirmation, declaration, formal declaration in sup- REALTY, noun acres, estate, grounds, holdings, land,
port or against, pronouncement, ratification, statement, land owned, property, real estate, real property
substantiation, swearing, validation, verification ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: conveyance of realty, description of
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bankruptcy, reaffirmation agreement realty, interest in realty, sale of realty, title to realty

REAL, adjective accurate, actual, ascertained, authen- REAP, verb achieve, acquire, attain, be rewarded, ben-
tic, bonafide, conformable to fact, correct, dependable, efit, clear, collect, cull, cut, demetere, derive, draw, earn,
factual, genuine, germanus, inartificial, incontestable, in- gain, gather, get, glean, harvest, obtain, pick, pick up, pro-
disputable, irrefutable, legitimate, natural, right, scientific, cure, profit, realize, receive, recover, retrieve, secure, take,
sincerus, sure, true, trustworthy, truthful, undeniable, take in, take the yield, win
undoubtable, unerroneous, unfallacious, unfeigned, un-
imagined, unimpeachable, unmistaken, unquestionable, REAPPORTION, verb allot again, apportion anew, deal
unsimulated, unspurious, unsynthetic, valid, veracious, out anew, dispense, distribute again, distribute anew, dole
veritable, verus out, parcel, portion out, ration, reallocate, reallot, reap-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: real estate, real party interest, real point, rearrange, reassign, reassort, reclassify, redisperse,
property, real servitude redistribute, redistrict, redivide, remeasure, repartition, re-
zone, split again
REAL ESTATE, noun acreage, block, chattels real, do- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: reapportion a legislature
main, estate, fee, freehold, ground, hereditament, land,
landed estate, lot, parcel, plot, property, real property, realty REARRANGE, verb adapt, alter, change, fine-tune,
modify, put together, readjust, reconstruct, redistribute,
REAL PROPERTY, noun development, domain, front- rehash, reorganize, rephrase, replace, reposition, reset,
age, land, lease, patch, plot, property, real estate, territory, reshuffle, revamp, revise, rework, shift, tighten
tract, zone
REARREST, verb catch again, constrain again, legally
REALISTIC, adjective actual, authentic, depictive, restrain again, make captive again, place in custody again,
exact, faithful, genuine, graphic, lifelike, natural, naturalistic, recapture, recommit, reconfine, redetain, reimprison, rejail,
practical, pragmatic, real, representational, representa- seize again, take prisoner again
tive, truthful, undisguised, undistorted, unidealistic,
unromantic, veracious REASON (Basis), noun account, actuation, aim, argu-
ment, causa, causation, cause, consideration, defense,
REALITY, noun actual existence, actuality, authenticity, derivation, design, end, excuse, explanation, extenuation,
being, existence, factualness, genuineness, legitimacy, foundation, genesis, goal, ground, impetus, incentive,
realness, substance, substantiality, substantialness, truth, incitation, inducement, inspiration, instigation, intent, inten-
veracity, veritas, verity tion, mainspring, motivation, motive, object, origin, prime
mover, principle, provocation, purpose, ratio, rationale,
REALIZATION, noun accomplishment, achievement, root, sake, source, spring, stimulation, vindication, wherefore
acquirement, acquisition, actualization, apperception, ap- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: reason for classification
preciation, apprehension, attainment, awareness, cogni- FOREIGN PHRASES: Causa patet. The reason is apparent.
tion, cognizance, completion, comprehension, conscious- Eadem est ratio, eadem est lex. The reason being the
ness, consummation, discernment, discovery, effectuation, same, the law is the same. Vitium est quod fugi debet, ne,
effectus, execution, fruition, fulfilment, illumination, im- si rationem non invenias, mox legem sine ratione esse
plementation, ken, knowledge, materialization, mindful- clames. It is a fault which ought to be avoided, that if you
ness, perception, performance, production, profit, re- cannot discover the reason you presently exclaim that the
ceipt, recognition, sensibility, substantiation, law is without reason. Ratio potest allegari deficiente
understanding lege; sed vera et legalis et non apparens. Where the law
is deficient, the reason can be alleged, but it must be true
REALIZE (Make real), verb accomplish, achieve, actual- and lawful and not merely apparent.
ize, bring about, bring to pass, carry into effect, carry out,
carry through, complete, consummate, do, effect, effectu- REASON (Sound judgment), noun ability to know, acu-
ate, efficere, engineer, facere, implement, materialize, per- men, apperception, awareness, clearheadedness, cognition,
form, produce, substantiate cognizance, common sense, comprehension, consilium,

539
 REASON

discernment, discretion, discrimination, good sense, in- REASONABLE (Rational), adjective amenable to rea-
sight, intellect, intelligence, judiciousness, knowledge, son, broad-minded, capable of reason, clearheaded, cog-
logic, logicalness, lucidity, mens, mental capacity, mind, nitive, credible, discerning, fit, intelligent, judicious, justifi-
perception, percipiency, rationality, recognition, sagacity, able, logical, lucid, perceiving, percipient, persuable,
sanity, sense, sensibility, sensibleness, sobriety, thinking, plausible, probable, proper, prudens, ratiocinative, ratio-
thought, understanding, wisdom nal, rationis particeps, realistic, right, sagacious, sapient,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: business reason, rule of reason sensible, sound, tenable, understandable, unjaundiced,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Quaere de dubiis, quia per rationes per- unprejudiced, valid, warrantable, well-advised, well-
venitur ad legitimam rationem. Inquire into doubtful founded, wise
matters, because by reasoning we arrive at legal reason. ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: reasonable care, reasonable cause,
Lex est dictamen rationis. Law is the dictate of reason. reasonable certainty, reasonable degree of care, reason-
Lex est ratio summa, quae jubet quae sunt utilia et ne- able diligence, reasonable doubt, reasonable excuse, rea-
cessaria, et contraria prohibet. That which is law is the sonable ground, reasonable inference, reasonable injury,
consummation of reason, which commands those things reasonable interpretation, reasonable judgment, reason-
useful and necessary, while prohibiting the contrary. Nihil able notice, reasonable person, reasonable probability,
quod est contra rationem est licitum. Nothing is lawful reasonable use
which is contrary to reason. Lex plus laudatur quando
ratione probatur. The law is most praiseworthy when it is REASONING, noun analysis, argumentation, cogency,
consistent with reason. Ratio non clauditur loco. Reason coherence, convincingness, deduction, intellectualization,
is not confined to any place. Ratio et auctoritas duo cla- logic, persuasiveness, rationale, rationality, sense, syllo-
rissima mundi lumina. Reason and authority are the two gism, synthesis, thinking, thought process
brightest lights in the world. Ratio legis est anima legis.
The reason of the law is the spirit of the law. Ratio in jure REASSESS, verb reappraise, reappreciate, reapprise,
aequitas integra. Reason in law is impartial equity. Ratio recalculate, recharge, reclass, reestimate, reevaluate,
est formalis causa consuetudinis. Reason is the source regauge, rejudge, relevy, remeasure, rerank, retax, revalue
and cause of custom. Lex semper intendit quod convenit ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: reassessed tax
rationi. The law always intends what is agreeable to rea-
son. Quod naturalis ratio inter omnes homines consti- REASSIGN, verb assign again, change, commit again,
tuit, vocatur jus gentium. The rule which natural reason consign again, deal again, portion out again, reallocate,
has established among all men is called the law of nations. reallot, reappoint, reappropriate, recommission, redistrib-
Ratio est legis anima; mutata legis ratione mutatur et ute, redivide, reengage, reinstall, rezone, transfer
lex. Reason is the soul of law; the reason of law being ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: reassign a case
changed, the law is also changed.
REASSURE, verb affirm, approve, assure again, bolster
REASON (Conclude), verb analyze, cerebrate, cogitate, up, buoy up, certify, cheer, comfort, confirm, confirmare,
conclude, consider, contemplate, deduce, deliberate, de- convince, dismiss doubt, ease, embolden, encourage, en-
rive, draw inferences, examine, excogitate, figure out, hearten, give confidence, give hope, guarantee, hearten,
gather, hypothesize, infer, intellectualize, judge, make de- help, hold out hope, infuse courage, inspire, inspirit, nerve,
ductions, philosophize, ponder, ratiocinari, ratiocinate, ra- rally, recreare, refresh, remove doubt, remove fear, restore
tionalize, reflect, resolve, study, suppose, theorize, think, courage to, restore to assurance, restore to confidence,
think through, try conclusions, turn over in the mind, weigh sanction, satisfy, solace, strengthen, support, sustain, up-
hold, uplift, warrant
REASON (Persuade), verb advise, argue, bring to rea-
son, coax, contend, convince, debate, demonstrate, dis- REBATE, noun allowance, cut, decrease, deduction,
cuss, dissuade, establish, explain, expostulate, expound, diminution, discount, lessening of price, markdown, reduc-
join issue, justify, move, persuade, plead, point out, prevail tion, refund, reimbursement, repayment
upon, prove, remonstrate, set forth, speak logically, talk
over, urge, ventilate a question, win over REBATE, verb allow, allow as a discount, cut, deduct,
diminish, discount, give back, lessen, make allowance,
REASONABLE (Fair), adjective aequus, conscionable, mark down, offer a discount, pare, pay back, reduce, re-
equitable, fit, fitting, judicious, just, modicus, not excessive, fund, reimburse, render, repay, replace, restore, return,
not extreme, proper, rationi consentaneus, restrained, slash, strike off, subtract, take off
suitable, temperate, tempered, tolerable, unextravagant,
unextreme REBEL, verb arise, be disloyal, be insubordinate, be
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: reasonable agreement, reasonable al- treasonable, betray, break with, concitare, defy, denounce,
lowance, reasonable attorney’s fees, reasonable market dethrone, disobey, insurrect, mutiny, oppose, overthrow,
value, reasonable notice, reasonable opportunity to cure, recalcitrate, refuse to conform, refuse to support, renounce,
reasonable restraint, reasonable return, reasonable time, resist, resist lawful authority, revolt, revolutionize, riot,
reasonable value rise, rise in arms, seditionem, strike, take up arms, tergiver-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Quam rationabilis debet esse finis, non sate, turn against, undermine
definitur, sed omnibus circumstantiis inspectis pendet
ex justiciariorum discretione. What a reasonable fine REBELLION, noun breach of orders, contumacy, defi-
ought to be is not defined, but is left to the discretion of the ance, disobedience, indiscipline, insubordination, insur-
judges, all the circumstances being considered. Quam gence, insurgency, insurrection, lack of discipline, lese
longum debet esse rationabile tempus non definitur in majesty, motus, mutiny, opposition, outbreak, overthrow,
lege, sed pendet ex discretione justiciariorum. How long overturn, resistance, resistance movement, revolt, revolu-
a reasonable time ought to be is not defined by law, but is tion, riot, rising, seditio, sedition, strike, subversion, trea-
left to the discretion of the judges. son, upheaval, uprising, upset, violation

540
 RECENT

REBUFF, noun admonition, censure, check, chiding, cold RECANT, verb abjure, abrogate, annul, cancel, contra-
shoulder, condemnation, counteraction, criticism, defeat, dict, countermand, disaffirm, disannul, disavow, dis-
defiance, disapproval, discouragement, discourtesy, disre- claim, disenact, disown, negate, nullify, recall, recantare,
gard, flat refusal, insult, opposition, peremptory refusal, re- renounce, repudiate, rescind, retract, retractare, reverse,
buke, recoil, refusal, rejection, renouncement, renunciation, revoke, take back, tergiversate, unsay, vacate, void, with-
reprimand, reproach, reproof, repudiation, repulsa, repulse, draw
resistance, rudeness, scolding, slight, snub, spurn ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: recant a confession, recant prior testi-
mony
REBUFF, verb affront, brush aside, cast aside, check, chide,
decline, despise, disallow, discard, disdain, dismiss, disown, RECAPITULATE, verb commemorare, enumerate, give a
disregard, drive back, ignore, insult, jilt, keep at a distance, summary of, go over, ingeminate, paraphrase, recite, re-
neglect, rebuke, refuse, reicere, reject, renounce, repel, repel- count, referre, reiterate, relate, repeat, rephrase, restate,
lere, reprobate, reprove, repudiate, repulse, resist, scorn, retell, retrospect, reutter, review, reword, run over, say
send away, set aside, slight, snub, spurn, turn away again, sum up, summarize, tell again

REBUKE, verb accuse, admonish, animadvert on, berate, RECEIPT (Act of receiving), noun acceptance, acceptio,
blame, bring to book, call down, call to account, call to task, accession, acquirement, acquisition, admittance, assump-
castigate, censure, charge, chastise, chide, correct, crimi- tion, attainment, gain, income, intake, obtainment, posses-
nate, criticize, disapprove, exprobrate, find fault with, judge, sion, reception, recipience
lecture, objurgate, rate, remonstrate with, reprehend, repre- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: receipt of dividend, receipt of letters
hendere, reprimand, reproach, reprove, revile, scold, slate, FOREIGN PHRASES: Quicquid recipitur, recipitur secundum
take to task, tax, upbraid, vituperate modum recipientis. Whatever is received is received in
accordance with the intention of the recipient.
REBUT, verb answer, argue, argue against, conflict, con-
fute, contradict, contravene, controvert, countercharge, coun- RECEIPT (Proof of receiving), noun acknowledgment of
terclaim, deny, disagree, disprove, dispute, explode, join payment, acquittance, apocha, certificate of deposit, dis-
issue, negate, negative, oppose, parry, prove false, rebuff, charge, proof of delivery, proof of payment, quittance, re-
redarguere, refute, rejoin, repellere, reply, repudiate, respond, lease, signed notice, slip, stub, voucher
retaliate, retort, surrebut, surrejoin, take a stand against ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: receipt in full, receipt of goods, receipt
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: rebut a presumption, rebut an argument of letters, receipt of message, receipt of payment, rent re-
ceipt, warehouse receipt
REBUTTAL, noun answer, arguments against the oppo-
sition, arguments in opposition, countercharges, defense, RECEIPT (Voucher), noun assumption, bill, payment,
denials, pleading, refutation, reply, repudiation, reputation, reimbursement
response, retort, statement made in response
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: rebuttal evidence, rebuttal witness, RECEIVABLE, adjective due, due to be paid, in arrears,
rebutter, surrebuttal mature, outstanding, owed, owing, payable, redeemable,
unpaid
REBUTTABLE PRESUMPTION, noun assumption that
may be disproven, evidentiary assumption that may be RECEIVE (Acquire), verb accept, accipere, assume, be
overcome, fact that is assumed to be true by the court, given, capere, catch, collect, come by, derive, draw, earn,
presumption drawn from prima facie evidence, presump- gain, gather, get, inherit, make, obtain, pick up, pocket,
tion that may be overcome by evidence procure, realize, reap, secure, seize, take, take in, take
possession, win
RECALCITRANT, adjective balky, callous, contrary, con- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: contructively received, receive pro-
tumacious, defiant, disobedient, fractious, hardened, head- cess, receive stolen property
strong, immovable, insubordinate, intractable, mulish, muti-
nous, noncooperative, obstinate, obstreperous, opposing, RECEIVE (Permit to enter), verb absorb, accept, admit,
oppugnant, pervicacious, rebellious, recusant, refractory, adopt, allow, allow entrance, approve, embrace, enter-
relentless, renitent, resistant, resistive, restive, stubborn, tain, give entrance, grant asylum, include, induct, initiate,
uncompliant, uncomplying, uncontrollable, uncooperative, install, let in, let through, permit, shelter, show in, take in,
ungovernable, unmanageable, unrelenting, unsubmissive, tolerate, usher in
unwilling, unyielding, willful ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: receive into evidence, receive into the
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: recalcitrant witness record

RECALL (Call back), verb abolish, abrogate, annul, RECEIVER, noun accepter, assignee, benefactor, benefi-
cancel, disannul, dismiss, disqualify, invalidate, nullify, ciary, collector, consignee, depositary, fence, grantee,
reanimate, reassemble, reconvene, repudiate, rescind, holder, receptacle, receptor, recipient, trustee
resuscitate, revive, revivify, revocare, revoke, summon ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: ancillary receiver, appointment of a
back, take back, unsay, void, withdraw receiver, equitable receiver, general receiver, joint receiv-
ers, legal receiver, principal receiver, provisional receiver,
RECALL (Remember), verb be reminded of, call up, com- receiver in bankruptcy, receiver of stolen property, receiv-
memorate, conjure up, dwell upon, evoke, fix in the mind, ership, statutory receiver, temporary receiver
have memories of, keep in mind, know again, know by heart,
look back upon, memorialize, memorize, place, recognize, RECENT, adjective fresh, lately, new, newly arrived,
recollect, recordari, recover knowledge of, refresh one’s not long past, novel, of recent occurrence, up-to-date
memory, relive, reminisce, retain, retrace, retrospect, re- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: in recent memory, recent possession,
view, revive, see in retrospect, summon up, think back to recently

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 RECEPTION

RECEPTION (Ceremony), noun celebration, custom, RECIPROCITY, noun concord, cooperation, correspon-
event, form, formality, function, observance, practice, pro- dence, exchange, give and take, interchange, interplay,
tocol, ritual, service, solemnity, tradition mutuality, reciprocality, reciprocalness, reciprocation, re-
turn, vicissitudo
RECEPTION (Welcome), noun civilities, greeting, hail, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: reciprocity of enforcement of laws
hospitality, pleasantries, receipt, regards, respects, salute, between states
wishes
RECITAL, noun account, depiction, description, de-
RECEPTIVE, adjective accessible, admissive, admitting, tailed statement, discourse, dissertation, enumeratio, ex-
affectible, alert, amenable, aware, broad-minded, cogni- planation, exposition, graphic account, iteration, lecture,
tive, compassionate, comprehending, conscious, cordial, narratio, narration, narrative, oration, reaffirmation, reas-
disposed, favorable, flexible, friendly, gracious, hospitable, sertation, recapitulation, recitation, recountal, recounting,
impartial, impressible, impressionable, inclined, influence- reiteration, relation, rendition, report, representation, re-
able, interested, keen, movable, observant, open, open- statement, retelling, review, statement, story, summary,
minded, open to suggestion, perceptive, persuadable, summing up, telling
reasonable, receiving, recipient, responsive, sensitive, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: recital in a deed, recital of consideration
susceptible, sympathetic, tolerant, tractable, unbiased,
understanding, unjaundiced, unprejudiced, unswayed, RECITE, verb address, articulate, chant, communicate,
welcoming, willing declaim, delineate, deliver, detail, dicere, discourse, divulge,
dramatize, enact, enumerare, enumerate, exponere, ex-
RECESS, noun break, cessation, halt, hiatus, interim, press, give a verbal account, give expression, hold forth,
interlude, intermission, interruption, interval, intervening interpret, lecture, list, make a speech, mouth, narrate,
period, lull, pause, repose, respite, rest, spell, stop, stop- orate, parrot, perform, portray, preach, prelect, present,
page, time out, vacation, withdrawal pronounce, quote, recapitulate, recount, reel off, rehearse,
reiterate, relate, render, repeat, repeat by rote, repeat
RECESS, verb adjourn, break, break up, dissolve, halt, from memory, report, retell, say by heart, set forth, solilo-
hesitate, intermit, interrupt, lay off, pause, postpone, pro- quize, speak, spout, state, talk, tell, utter, voice
rogue, relax, rest, retire, stop, suspend, take a recess, take
a rest, take time out, vacation, withdraw RECKLESS, adjective careless, disregardful, foolhardy,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: recess the court foolish, hasty, heedless, impetuous, improvident, impru-
dent, impulsive, inattentive, incautious, incautus, inconsid-
RECESSION, noun downbeat, downdraft, downswing, erate, inconsideratus, indifferent, indiscreet, injudicious,
downtrend, economic bust, economic crash, economic insensible, irrational, irresponsible, mindless, neglectful,
downturn, economic slump, failure, pullback, pullout, re- neglegens, negligent, overconfident, overhasty, precipitate,
tirement, slowdown, stagnation, withdrawal temerous, thoughtless, unaware, uncircumspect, uncon-
cerned, unheeding, unmindful, unobservant, unthinking,
RECIDIVATE, verb backslide, degenerate, deteriorate, unwary, unwatchful, unwise, wanton, wild, without cau-
relapse, regress, retrograde, slip back tion, without prudence
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: reckless abandon, reckless conduct,
RECIDIVISM, noun backsliding, degeneration, deterio- reckless disregard, reckless driving, reckless endanger-
ration, habitual relapse into crime, recreancy, regression, ment, reckless indifference
relapse, repeated relapse into crime, retrogradation, retro-
gression, reversion RECLAIM, verb appropriate, develop, get back, reac-
quire, rebuild, recall, recover, redeem, reestablish, regain,
RECIDIVIST, noun convict, criminal, delinquent, guilty regenerate, reinstate, reoccupy, replevin, replevy, repos-
person, habitual criminal, hardened offender, lawbreaker, sess, retake, retrieve
malefactor, malfeasant, malfeasor, offender, outlaw, repeat ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: reclaim land
offender, reprobate, transgressor, wrongdoer
RECLAMATION, noun exchange, recapture, reclaiming
RECIPIENT, noun accepter, assignee, beneficiary, con- to its original state, recoupment, recovery, recycling, re-
signee, devisee, donee, grantee, heir, holder, inheritor, lega- demption, reform, rehabilitation, replenishment, rescue,
tee, liquidator, object, payee, receiver, repository, transferee restoration, retrieval

RECIPROCAL, adjective alternating, bilateral, common, RECLASSIFICATION, noun change, changed ordering
commutual, complemental, complementary, contingent, of priorities, changed priorities, reallocation, reallotment,
correlative, corresponding, give and take, interchangeable, reanalysis, reapportionment, rearrangement, reassignment,
interconnected, interdependent, interrelated, mutual, reassorting, reassortment, reconstitution, redistributing,
mutuus, parallel, reciprocative, requited, responded to, redistribution, reestablishment, regradation, regrouping,
retaliative, retaliatory, retributive, returned, two-sided reordering, reorganization, retabulating
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: reciprocal agreements, reciprocal ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: reclassification of job titles
promises, reciprocal wills
RECOGNITION, noun acceptance, acknowledgment,
RECIPROCATE, verb act interchangeably, alternate, admission, apperception, appreciation, approval, atten-
cooperate, exchange, follow successively, give and take, tion, audition, avowal, award, awareness, citation, cogni-
give in return, inter se dare, interchange, pay back, perform tion, cognizance, commemoration, comprehension, con-
by turns, perform responsively, recompense, refund, reim- sciousness, consideration, detection, diagnosis, discovery,
burse, repay, requite, respond, retaliate, return, share, distinguishment, divination, espial, finding, floor, grati-
switch, take a turn, trade tude, identification, insight, insite, knowledge, memory,

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 RECORD

nod, notice, perception, prize, realization, recall, recollec- quittance, recoupment, recovery, redress, reimbursement,
tion, regard, remembrance, reward, thanks, tribute remuneratio, remuneration, reparation, repayment, re-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: identification of a defendent quital, requitement, restitution, return, reward, salary, sat-
isfaction, settlement, solatium, substitution, wage
RECOGNIZANCE, noun acknowledgment, assurance,
avowal, bond, commitment, guaranty, obligation, promise, RECONCILE, verb accustom, adapt, adjust, appease,
security, sponsio, surety, warranty arbitrate, bring into harmony, bring to acquiescence, bring
to terms, bring together, conciliate, dictate peace, harmo-
RECOGNIZE (Acknowledge), verb accept, admit, allow, nize, heal the breach, intercede, make compatible, make
appreciate, avow, cite, commemorate, concede, confess, consistent, make contented, make peace, make up, medi-
consent, defer to, dignify, exalt, give the floor to, give the ate, mend, mollify, negotiate, pacify, placate, propitiate,
nod to, grant, greet, honor, noscere, own, permit, realize, render concordant, resign, restore harmony, restore to
salute, suffer, tolerate, yield to friendship, reunite, settle, unite, win over

RECOGNIZE (Perceive), verb agnoscere, apprehend, as- RECONCILIATION, noun accord, adjustment, agree-
certain, be aware of, be familiar with, call to mind, catch ment, amnesty, appeasement, arbitration, conciliation,
sight of, cognoscere, comprehend, conceive, descry, diag- concord, concordance, forgiveness, harmony, improved
nose, discern, discover, distinguish, espy, identify, know, relations, mediation, mollification, mutual forgiveness,
make out, mark, noscitare, notice, place, recall, recollect, pacification, peace, peacemaking, propitiation, rapproche-
recover knowledge, reidentify, remember, retain the im- ment, reconcilement, restoration of harmony, reunion,
pression of, see, sight, spy, understand, verify, view settlement, understanding, union
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: reconciliation of contradictory clauses
RECOLLECT, verb be reminded of, bring to mind, call to
mind, commeminisse, conjure up, go back, know again, RECONDITE, adjective abstract, abstruse, arcane, caba-
look back upon, place, recall, recognize, recordari, relive, listic, complex, complicated, concealed, convoluted, covert,
remember, reminisce, reminisci, renew, retrospect, review, crabbed, cryptic, cryptical, dark, deep, difficult, elusive,
revive, summon up, think of enigmatic, esoteric, exquisitus, hidden, impenetrable, im-
perspicuous, intricate, involved, knotty, little-known, myste-
RECOLLECTION, noun afterthought, consciousness, rious, mystic, mystical, nebulous, obscure, occult, orphic,
contemplation of the past, memoir, memoria, memory, perdu, perplexing, profound, puzzling, reconditus, secret,
mental image, mental picture, mindfulness, recall, recogni- subtle, tangled, transcendental, unfamiliar, unintelligible
tion, recordatio, remembrance, reminiscence, retrospection
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: past recollection recorded, present RECONFIRM, verb make certain, make sure again, reac-
recollection revived knowledge, reaffirm, reapprove, reauthenticate, recertify,
recheck, reendorse, reenforce, reestablish, resanction, re-
RECOMMEND, verb acclaim, advance, advise, advo- substantiate, revalidate, verify again
cate, applaud, approbate, approve, back, be satisfied with,
celebrate, commend, commendare, compliment, counsel, RECONSIDER, verb amend, consider again, consult
countenance, direct, endorse, esteem, exalt, exhort, extol, again, denuo, go over, have second thoughts, redeliberate,
favor, give credit, glorify, guarantee, guide, instruct, laud, reevaluate, reexamine, reflect again, rehear, rejudge, re-
lend approval, lend support, make desirable, make prefer- ponder, reputare, rethink, retry, review, revise one’s
able, move, persuade, praise, prescribe, present as worthy, thoughts, reweigh, rework, think better of, think over
prize, probare, promote, prompt, propose, ratify, sanction, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: reconsider a judicial decision
second, speak highly of, speak well of, stand by, suggest,
support, think highly of, uphold, urge, value, vouch for RECONSTITUTE, verb bring back, make over, put back,
reactivate, rebuild, recondition, reconstruct, reconvert, redo,
RECOMMENDATION, noun admonition, advice, advo- reestablish, reform, regenerate, reintegrate, remake, re-
cacy, advocation, approbation, approval, boost, celebra- model, remold, renew, renovate, reorganize, replace, restore
tion, certificate, commendatio, commendation, counsel,
credential, encouragement, endorsement, esteem, exhor- RECONSTRUCT, verb duplicate, make over, modernize,
tation, good opinion, guidance, injunction, instruction, rearrange, rebuild, recast, reclaim, recompose, recondition,
judgment, laudatio, laudation, motion, opinion, praise, reconstitute, re-create, redo, reestablish, refashion, reficere,
precept, prescription, proposal, proposition, reference, reform, refresh, refurbish, regenerate, rehabilitate, remake,
sanction, suggestion, support, testimonial, tip, tribute remodel, remold, renew, renovate, reorganize, restituere,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Simplex commendatio non obligat. A restore, revamp, rework
mere recommendation is not binding. Liberum est cuique ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: reconstruct the scene of a crime
apud se explorare an expediat sibi consilium. Everyone
is free to determine for himself whether a recommendation RECONVERSION, noun change, change over, demilitar-
is advantageous to his interests. ization, disarmament, palingenesis, passage, readjustment,
rebirth, redintegration, reestablishment, regenerateness,
RECOMMIT, verb call back, commit again, commit regeneration, regenesis, rehabilitation, renaissance, reorga-
anew, give back, order back, refer back, remand, remit, nization, restoration, retrogression, retroversion, return, re-
return, send back versal, reversion, shift, transformation, transit, transition

RECOMPENSE, noun amends, compensation, consid- RECORD, noun account, affidavit, annal, archive, at-
eration, damages, defrayment, deserts, earnings, emolu- testation, catalog, certificate, chronicle, contract, diurna,
ment, fee, gratuity, guerdon, income, indemnification, in- docket, documentation, dossier, entry, evidence, file, his-
demnity, meed, merces, payment, praemium, price, tory, journal, list, log, memorandum, minute, note,

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 RECORD

proceedings, recording, register, roll, roster, transcript, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: primary recovery, recovery from an
transcription, urbana, written material adversary
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: courts of record, judicial record, liens FOREIGN PHRASES: Frustra agit qui judicium prosequi neq-
of record, matter of record, public record, record of convic- uit cum effectu. He sues vainly who cannot prosecute his
tions, record of encumbrances, recording acts judgment with effect. Qui melius probat melius habet.
He who proves most recovers most.
RECORD, verb book, calendar, catalog, chronicle, copy,
docket, document, enroll, enter, file, formalize, historify, his- RECOVERY (Repossession), noun acquisition, evictio,
torize, in tabulas referre, index, inscribe, insert, jot down, obtainment, procuration, procurement, recapture, recla-
journalize, keep accounts, list, log, make a memorandum, mation, recouping, redemption, regaining, regainment,
make a note, make an entry, mark, note, perscribere, post, replevin, replevy, rescue, restoration, retrieval, return,
preserve, put in writing, put on paper, put on record, reg- reversion, revindication, salvage, trover
ister, report, set down, tabulate, take down, take minutes, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: recovery of chattels
tally, write, write down
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: record a deed, record a lien, record a RECREANT, adjective afraid, apostate, apostatic, apos-
mortgage tatical, base, betraying, caitiff, conniving, corrupt, cow-
ardly, cowering, craven, dastardly, deceitful, derelict, de-
RECORDATION, noun documentation instrument, fil- signing, disaffected, disgraceful, dishonest, dishonorable,
ing, filing with copyright office disloyal, dissembling, double-dealing, fainthearted, faith-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: registration less, false, falsehearted, fearful, frightened, guileful, hesi-
tant, inglorious, insidious, knavish, lilylivered, perfidious,
RECORD-BREAKING, adjective astronomical, capper, pigeonhearted, poltroon, pusillanimous, renegade, repro-
climactic, exceptional, extreme, incredible, landmark, mile- bate, scheming, sham, skulking, sneaking, spiritless, timid,
post, milestone, miraculous, outstanding, success, the best, timorous, traitorous, treacherous, treasonable, two-faced,
the finest, transformative, turnaround, unbelievable, water- unconscienced, uncourageous, undependable, unfaithful,
shed, wonderful unmanly, unreliable, unscrupulous, untrue, untrustworthy,
villainous, without honor, yellow
RECOUNT, verb articulate, commemorare, communi-
cate, convey, delineate, depict, describe, detail, divulge, RE-CREATE, verb create anew, duplicate, fascimile,
enarrare, give an account, give the facts, give the particu- heal, invigorate, make over, mend, reanimate, rebuild, re-
lars, hold forth, impart, iterate, narrate, particularize, pic- cast, reconstruct, redo, reestablish, refashion, refocillate,
ture, portray, recapitulate, recite, referre, reiterate, relate, reform, refresh, regenerate, rehabilitate, rejuvenate, re-
render, repeat, report, retail, retell, reword, set forth, state, make, remodel, renew, renovare, renovate, reorganize,
summarize, talk, tell, tell in detail, unfold reproduce, restore, revamp, revive

RECOUP (Regain), verb gain anew, get back, reacquire, RECRIMINATE, verb accuse, bring a countercharge, come
reassume, recapture, reclaim, recover, redeem, reobtain, back at, countercharge, get even with, give in kind, have
replace, replevin, replevy, repossess, retake, retrieve, take revenge, hit back, lash back, match, pay back, requite, retali-
back, win back ate, retort, retort a charge, return an accusation, return the
charge, shift the blame, strike back, turn on, turn the tables on
RECOUP (Reimburse), verb compensate, give back, in-
demnify, make amends, make good, make reparations, RECRUDESCENCE, noun backsliding, eruption, fresh
make restitution, make up for, pay, pay back, quit, recom- outbreak, lapse, new outbreak, reactivation, reanimation,
pense, refund, remunerate, repay, replace, requite, resti- reappearance, recidivation, recrudescency, recurrence, re-
tute, restore, return, satisfy, settle gression, reinfection, relapse, renewal, resumption, resur-
gence, return, reversal, reverse, reversion, revival, revivifi-
RECOURSE, noun avail, benefit, confugere, corrective cation, reviviscence, reviviscency
device, corrective measure, device, disposal, legal re-
dress, means, redress, remedy, resource, se applicare, se RECRUIT, verb add, augment, call up, collect, con-
conferre scribere, conscript, draft, employ, enlarge, enlist, enroll,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Electa una via, non datur recursus ad find manpower, gain, gather, increase, induct, muster, ob-
alteram. He who has chosen one course cannot have re- tain, provide, raise, raise troops, reinvigorate, replenish,
course to another. select, sign up, strengthen, supply, swell the ranks, take in

RECOVER, verb achieve, acquire, attain, carry back, RECTIFY, verb adjust, alter, ameliorate, amend, better,
confer again, devolve again, emergere, gain anew, gain correct, corrigere, cure, emend, emendare, emendate, im-
possession, get back, get by judgment, grant again, obtain, prove, make corrections, make right, meliorate, mend,
obtain by course of law, pass on again, procure, reacquire, perfect, put to rights, redress, reform, rehabilitate, remedy,
realize, reassign, recapture, rechannel, reclaim, recoup, renovate, repair, restore, revise, right, set right, set to
redeem, regain, reobtain, reparare, replevy, repossess, re- rights, straighten, untangle
sell, retake, retransmit, retrieve, salvage, secure, transfer
again, transfer back, transport back, win back RECTITUDE, noun character, conscientiousness, cor-
rectness, equity, fairness, faithfulness, faultlessness, fidelity,
RECOVERY (Award), noun compensation, damages, goodness, honesty, honor, honorableness, impartiality, im-
defrayal, discharge, financial remuneration, indemnification, peccability, integritas, integrity, justice, justness, loyalty,
indemnity, reckoning, reclamation, recompense, recoup- merit, morality, principle, probitas, probity, propriety,
ment, redress, remittal, remuneration, reparation, repay- purity, reputability, responsibility, right, righteousness,
ment, restitution, satisfaction scrupulousness, straight course, straightforwardness,

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straightness, trustworthiness, uncorruptibility, uprightness, REDOUND, verb accrue, arise, cause, conduce, contribute,
upstandingness, veracity, virtue, worthiness effect, ensue, flow from, follow, germinate from, influence,
lead, proceed, redundare, result, spring, sprout from, yield
RECUR, verb be persistent, come again, come back,
continue, crop up again, happen again, haunt, intermit, REDRESS, verb adjust, aid, allay, alleviate, appease,
keep on, occur again, persevere, persist, reappear, recru- atone, change, compensare, compensate, correct, cure,
desce, renew, reoccur, repeat, resume, return, revert ease, expiate, fix, heal, help, improve, make amends,
make good, make reparation, make up for, mend, pacify,
RECURRENCE, noun analogue, carbon copy, copy, fre- palliate, propitiate, put right, readjust, rectify, relieve,
quency, habit, habituation, intermittence, reappearance, remedy, repair, restituere, restore, right, satisfy, set right
regularity, reoccurrence, repeated happening, repetition, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: legal redress
repetitiveness, return
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: recidivism REDUCE, verb abate, abbreviate, abridge, attenuate,
bring low, compact, compress, condense, contract, curtail,
RECURRING, adjective chronic, constant, continuous, cut down, decimate, decrease, demean, diminish, disgrace,
cyclical, expected, frequent, habitual, periodic, periodical, downgrade, humble, imminuere, lessen, lower, make less,
recurrent, regular, repeated, repetitious, rhythmic, round- make smaller, minimize, narrow, shorten, shrink, thin
the-clock, seasonal, serial, steady, 24/7, usual ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: reduce a sentence, reduce damages

RECUSANT, adjective abjuratory, antagonistic, apostate, REDUCED, adjective attenuated, brief, contracted, cut,
contrary, contumacious, differing, disagreeing, discordant, decreased, deficient, depressed, diluted, diminished, infe-
disobedient, dissentient, dissenting, dissident, heretic, het- rior, less, lesser, lowered, minimal, minor, nominal, shorter,
erodox, hostile, iconoclastic, impenitent, inflexible, inimical, slashed, smaller, thinned
insubordinate, negative, nonconformist, nonjuring, nonob- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: reduced charge, reduced sentence
servant, obdurate, obstinate, oppugnant, protestant, rebel-
lious, recalcitrant, resistant, restive, schismatic, uncompliant, REDUNDANCY, noun duplication, excess, excessive-
unconformable, unconforming, unconsenting, unfriendly, ness, immoderation, inordinacy, inordinate amount, need-
unrepentant, unresigned, unsubmissive, unwilling lessness, nimiety, overplus, oversupply, pleonasm, recur-
rence, redundance, redundantia, reiteration, repetition,
RECUSE, verb absent, avoid, brush aside, decline, dis- restatement, retelling, superabundance, superfluity, sur-
enable, disqualify, disregard, exclude, excuse, forgive, ig- plus, tautology
nore, pardon, pass over, preclude
REDUNDANT, adjective excessive, inordinate, needless,
RED TAPE, noun barriers, blockades, bureaucracy, con- otiose, overmuch, periphrastic, pleonastic, repetitive, repiti-
straints, deterrents, drawbacks, embargos, encumbrances, tious, superabundant, superfluous, supernumerary, super-
hindrances, obstacles, obstructions, restraints, snags, stop- vacaneus, surplus, tautologic, tautological, uncalled-for,
pages, stops, stumbling blocks, trammels undue, unnecessary, unrequired, useless, verbose, wordy

REDACT, verb blot out, censor, cut out, delete, edit, REEXAMINE, verb check upon again, cross-examine,
edit out, erase, excise, expunge, extirpate, make deletions, cross-question, go back over, reanalyze, recheck, recon-
redraft, revamp, rework, rewrite, strike out, work over sider, reinquire, reinvestigate, reprobe, requestion, rescru-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: censorship, redact testimony tinize, restudy, retrace, review

REDEEM (Repurchase), verb buy back, deliver, emanci- REFER (Direct attention), verb adduce, allude, apper-
pate, get back, liberate, obtain, ransom, recall, recapture, tain, apply, assign, bear upon, cite, concern, connect, con-
reclaim, recoup, recover, regain, release, replevin, replevy, note, denote, hint at, indicate, mention, pertain, point,
repossess, rescue, retrieve quote, relate, signify, suggest, touch on
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: right to redeem
REFER (Send for action), verb ask help of, assign, call in,
REDEEM (Satisfy debts), verb absolve, atone, compen- call on, consign, consult, deliver, entrust, recommend, re-
sate, do penance, expiate, give satisfaction, make amends, ferre, seek advice, send, submit, transfer
make up for, offset bad debts, propitiate, reform, satisfy, set
straight, shrive, turn from sin REFEREE, noun adjudicator, arbiter, arbitrator, compro-
miser, conciliator, interceder, intercessor, intermediary, in-
REDEMPTION, noun deliverance, indemnification, recla- termediate, intermediator, internuncio, intervener, judge,
mation, recovery, release, reparation, replevin, repossession, judicator, mediator, moderator, peacemaker, propitiator,
repurchase, rescue, restoration, retrieval, return, salvation reconciler, settler, umpire
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: right of redemption ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: appointment of referee, referee in bank-
ruptcy, referee’s findings, special referee, trial before referee
REDIRECT, verb change course, change direction, di-
rect again, forward, mail again, post on, readdress, remail, REFERENCE (Allusion), noun attribution, clue, connota-
reship, send forward, send on, transmit tion, cue, hint, implication, implied indication, imputation,
incidental mention, indication, indirect implication, infer-
REDISTRIBUTE, verb allot again, deal out again, dole ence, inkling, innuendo, insinuation, intimation, mention,
out again, give out again, hand out again, parcel out again, ratio, referment, subtle communication, suggestion
readminister, reallot, reapportion, rearrange, reassign, reas-
sort, reclass, reclassify, redivide, regroup, reissue, reparti- REFERENCE (Citation), noun ascription, assignation,
tion, replace assignment, authority, citing, connecting, credit, data,

545
 REFERENCE

derivation from, designation, documentation, enumera- FOREIGN PHRASES: Nemo cogitationis poenam patitur. No
tion, indicating, mention, mentioning, pointing out, quota- one suffers punishment on account of his thoughts.
tion, quoted passage, quoting, recitation, referment, refer-
ral, relating, source, source material, substantiation REFLECTIVE, adjective abstruse, astute, complicated,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: incorporation by reference deep, erudite, esoteric, intellectual, intellectually profound,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Verba relata hoc maxime operantur per penetrating, perceptive, philosophical, profound, recon-
referentiam, ut in eis inesse videntur. Words incorpo- dite, sagacious, sage, scholarly, thoughtful, wise
rated by reference have as great an effect through refer- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: deep constituted interpretation
ence, as they are deemed to be inserted.
REFORM, noun advancement, alteration, amelioration,
REFERENCE (Recommendation), noun affirmation, as- amendment, betterment, change, correctio, correction,
surance, attestation, attesting declaration, authenticated development, elevation, emendatio, enhancement, enrich-
confirmation, averment, avouchment, avowal, avowance, ment, improvement, innovation, melioration, progress,
certificate of character, certification, commendation, confir- progression, progressivism, recast, reclamation, reconstitu-
mation, declaration, endorsement, laudation, letter in sup- tion, reconstruction, recovery, recreation, rectification, re-
port, letter of introduction, letter of recommendation, finement, reformation, regeneration, remaking, renewal,
substantiation, testification, testimony, validification, ver- renovation, repair, revision
ification, voucher, vouching, witnessing
REFORM, verb ameliorate, amend, better, change, con-
REFERENDUM, noun ballot, decision, determination, vert, correct, corrigere, cure, emend, enhance, fix, form
discretion, election, expression of choice, mandate, plebi- anew, improve, make better, make over, meliorate, mend,
scite, poll, popular choice, popular decision, popular vote, modify, rearrange, recast, reclaim, reconstitute, recon-
preference, say, selection, voice, vote struct, rectify, redeem, redo, redress, reestablish, refashion,
refine, regenerate, rehabilitate, remake, remedy, remodel,
REFERRAL, noun allusion, implication, inference, innu- renew, renovate, reorganize, repair, repent, reshape, re-
endo, insinuation, making reference, mention, reference, store, revise, revolutionize, rework, set straight, uplift
referment ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: reform a contract, reform a deed, re-
form a lease, reform a will, reform an instrument
REFINANCE, verb back again, contribute to again, finance
again, fund again, invest in again, lend to again, loan to again, REFORMATORY, noun bridewell, correction facility,
provide capital again, provide funds for again, reinvest, spon- house of correction, house of detention, jail, penal institu-
sor again, subsidize again, support again, underwrite again tion, penitentiary, prison, reform school

REFINE, verb advance, amend, better, clarify, cleanse, REFRAIN, verb abstain, avoid, be temperate, break off,
clear, correct, cultivate, develop, edit, elaborate, elevate, cease, check, contain oneself, curb oneself, decline, desist,
emend, enhance, filter, filtrate, improve, improve upon, make discontinue, dispense with, do without, eschew, evade,
improvements, meliorate, modify, perfect, polish, purify, rec- exercise self-control, forbear, forestall, forgo, forsake, halt,
tify, sanitize, sensitize, sharpen, soften, strain, temper, uplift have nothing to do with, hold back, keep from, leave off,
refuse, renounce, se abstinere, se continere, shun, stop,
REFINEMENT, noun advancement, breakthrough, clari- swear off, take no part in, waive, withdraw, withhold
fication, development, edification, elaboration, enhance-
ment, evolution, growth, heightening, improvement, in- REFUGE, noun ark, asylum, citadel, covert, coverture,
novation, maturation, melioration, progression, harbor, haven, hiding place, lee, perfugium, place of pro-
strengthening, upgrade tection, place of safety, protection, receptaculum, refu-
gium, resort, retreat, safe place, safety, sanctuary, security,
REFLECT (Mirror), verb bounce back, cast back, copy, shelter, stronghold
ditto, emulate, give back, give forth, imitate, ostendere, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: flight
rebound, repeat, reproduce, send back, show an image, FOREIGN PHRASES: Domus sua cuique est tutissimum refu-
simulate, throw back gium. Everyone’s home is his safest refuge. Debet sua
cuique domus esse perfugium tut issimum. Every man’s
REFLECT (Ponder), verb analyze, brood over, cerebrate, home should be a perfectly safe refuge.
cogitare, cogitate, commune with oneself, conceive, con-
centrate, consider, considerare, contemplate, deduce, de- REFUND, noun compensation, cut, discount, indemni-
liberate, dream, dwell upon, excogitate, give thought to, fication, money back, payment for expenses, rebate,
meditate, mull over, muse, pore over, puzzle over, reason, recompense, recoupment, reduction, refundment, reim-
revolve in the mind, ruminate, speculate, study, theorize, bursement, repayment, replacement, restitution, return,
think, turn over, weigh, wonder satisfaction, settlement

REFLECTION (Image), noun counterpart, double, dupli- REFUND, verb adjust, compensate, dissolvere, give
cate, echo, imago, impression, likeness, semblance, specter back, honor a claim, indemnify, make amends, make com-
pensation, make good, make restitution, pay back, rebate,
REFLECTION (Thought), noun absorption, analysis, cer- recompense, reddere, redeem, reimburse, repay, replace,
ebration, cogitatio, cogitation, concentration, consideratio, requite, restore, return, satisfy, settle, square
consideration, contemplation, deliberation, excogitation,
exercise of the intellect, intellection, meditation, mentation, REFUSAL, noun abjuration, abnegation, ban, debarment,
musing, pondering, ratio, reasoning, reverie, rumination, declination, declinature, defiance, denial, disallowance, dis-
self-communing, self-counsel, speculation, study, thinking, approbation, disapproval, disavowal, disclaimer, discounte-
weighing nance, enjoinment, exclusion, incompliance, interdiction,

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 REGRETTABLE

negation, negative answer, nonacceptance, noncompliance, management, political system, power, primacy, regency,
nonconsent, prohibition, proscription, rebuff, recusatio, re- regimen, reign, rule, sovereignty, supervision, supremacy
grets, rejection, renouncement, renunciation, repudiation,
repulse, resistance, unwillingness, veto REGIMENT, verb administrate, allocate, allot, arrange,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: refusal to answer, refusal to bargain, categorize, classify, codify, command, control, coordi-
refusal to proceed, refusal to testify, right of first refusal nate, direct, discipline, incorporate, manage, organize,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Reprobata pecunia liberat solventem. oversee, regulate, rehearse, sort
Money refused releases the debtor.
REGION, noun area, circle, circuit, clime, compass, con-
REFUSE, verb abjure, abnegate, abstain, balk, bar, be ob- fines, country, county, demesne, diocese, district, division,
stinate, be unwilling, beg to be excused, cast aside, debar, domain, environs, field, land, latitude, limited area, locale,
decline, demur, deny, disaccord with, disallow, disapprove, locality, location, locus, neighborhood, part, place, por-
disavow, disclaim, discountenance, discredit, dismiss, dis- tion, precinct, province, purlieus, quarter, range, realm,
own, dispense with, dissent, exclude, forswear, grudge, regio, scene, scope, section, sector, situation, space, sphere,
hesitate, hold back, negative, object to, oppose, pass up, spot, terrain, territory, tractus, vicinage, vicinity, ward, zone
prohibit, protest, rebuff, recoil, regret, reject, renege, re-
nounce, repel, repudiate, resist, revoke, scruple, send re- REGIONAL, adjective circumscribed, district, divisional,
grets, shirk, shun, shy at, spurn, stick at, stickle, traverse, turn geographical, insular, local, localized, native, neighbor-
down, turn from, veto, withdraw, withhold consent hood, parochial, provincial, restricted, sectional, specific,
subdivisional, territorial, vernacular, zonal
REFUTE, verb abnegate, belie, cancel, confute, contend,
contradict, contravene, controvert, crush, debate, defeat, REGISTER, noun agenda, album, almanac, archive, ar-
demolish, deny, destroy, disaffirm, disclaim, discredit, dis- rangement, balance sheet, calendar, catalog, chronicle,
pose of, disprove, explode, falsify, gainsay, impugn, invali- chronology, day book, diary, docket, ephemeris, file, in-
date, negate, oppose, oppugn, overthrow, parry, prove voice, journal, ledger, liber, list, log, log book, memoran-
false, quash, rebut, redarguere, refellere, repel, repudiate, dum, minutes, notes, proceedings, record, registration
retort, squelch, tear down, traverse book, roll, roster, schedule, tabulae, written record
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: register a complaint, register to vote
REGARD (Attention), noun advertence, advertency,
alertness, application, attentiveness, care, concentration, con- REGISTER, verb book, calendar, catalog, check in,
cern, consideration, examination, heed, heedfulness, in- chronicle, engage, enlist, enroll, enter, file, in album, index,
tentness, interest, mindfulness, notice, observation, scrutiny, inscribe, join, matriculate, note down, order, perscribere,
vigilance, watch, watchfulness post, program, record, reserve, schedule, sign in, sign up,
subscribe, tabulas referre, tabulate
REGARD (Esteem), noun admiration, affection, appre- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: register to vote
ciation, approbation, approval, attachment, awe, celebrity,
consideration, credit, deference, devotion, distinction, REGISTRATION, noun booking, bookkeeping, catalog-
eminence, estimation, fame, famousness, favor, fondness, ing, certification, chronicling, enlistment, enrolling, enroll-
good name, honor, interest, judgment, liking, loyalty, note, ment, filing, inscribing, installing, listing, matriculation,
opinion, reputability, reputation, repute, respect, respectus, noting down, record keeping, recording, registry, reserva-
reverence, studium, valuation, value, veneration tion, signing up, tabulation

REGARD (Hold in esteem), verb admire, adore, appreciate, REGRESS, verb backslide, fall again into, fall back, fall
approve, be fond of, be impressed, be in awe, care for, cher- behind, go back, move backward, pass back, recede, relapse,
ish, defer to, esteem, exalt, extol, glorify, have a liking for, retrocede, retrograde, retrogress, return, reverse, revert,
have regard for, hold a high opinion of, hold dear, hold in af- turn back
fection, hold in regard, honor, idolize, look up to, pay homage
to, pay tribute, praise, prize, respect, revere, reverence, think REGRESSIVE, adjective atavistic, backsliding, backward,
highly of, think well of, treasure, value, venerate, worship decadent, degenerate, ill-advised, lapsing, on the decline,
receding, recessive, recidivistic, recidivous, refluent, relaps-
REGARD (Pay attention), verb advert to, attend, be at- ing, retrocedent, retrograde, retrogressive, reverse, re-
tentive, be aware of, be conscious of, be mindful, bear in versed, reversional, reversionary, tergiversating, withering
mind, behold, consider, contemplate, deem, ducere, gaze, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: regressive tax
give heed to, heed, keep in sight, look, look at, look upon,
mark, mind, note, notice, observe, perceive, peruse, scan, REGRET, verb apologize, be disturbed over, be penitent,
scrutinize, see, survey, take cognizance of, take notice, be remorseful, be sorry for, bemoan, bewail, blame oneself,
think about, view, watch, witness cry over, deplore, disapprove of, feel conscience stricken,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: due regard feel uneasy about, fret, grieve at, have a bad conscience,
have qualms about, lament, mourn for, repent, repine, re-
REGARDLESS, adverb albeit, all the same, although, proach oneself, rue, sorrow for, weep over
anyhow, anyway, anywise, at any rate, by any means, de-
spite, even though, however, in any case, in any event, in REGRETTABLE, adjective adverse, calamitous, cata-
spite of, incuriosus, irrespective of, neglegens, neverthe- strophic, deplorable, dire, disadvantageous, disastrous,
less, nonetheless, notwithstanding, still, though, without dreadful, grievous, ill-boding, ill-fated, ill-omened, inauspi-
regard to, without respect to cious, inopportune, lamentable, paenitendus, regretted,
ruinous, sad, scandalous, terrible, unfavorable, unfortunate,
REGIME, noun administration, authority, command, di- unhappy, unlucky, unpropitious, unsuccessful, untimely,
rectorship, dominion, governance, government, incumbency, untoward, woeful

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REGULAR (Conventional), adjective according to rule, renew, renovate, repair, reproduce, restituere, restore, re-
accustomed, average, classic, common, commonplace, vamp, revive, revivify, salvage
conformable, consuetudinal, consuetudinary, conventional, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: rehabilitate an offender, rehabilitate an
customary, everyday, expected, familiar, general, habitual, insurance company
iustus, natural, normal, ordinarius, ordinary, popular, pre-
dictable, prevailing, prevalent, routine, run of the mill, REHABILITATION, noun adjustment, alteration, ameliora-
standard, stock, traditional, typical, unchanged, undeviat- tion, development, improvement, instauration, melioration,
ing, unexceptional, usual, wonted, workaday readjustment, rebuilding, reclamation, reconstitution, recon-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: regular employment, regular interest struction, re-creation, recuperation, redemption, redintegra-
tion, reeducation, reestablishment, reformation, regenera-
REGULAR (Orderly), adjective balanced, certus, con- tion, reindoctrination, reinstatement, reinvigoration,
stans, controlled, cyclic, established, even, fixed, invari- remaking, remodeling, renewal, renovation, reorganization,
able, measured, methodical, patterned, periodic, periodi- repair, reparation, restitution, restoration, resurrection, resus-
cal, recurring, regulated, rhythmic, seasonal, stable, steady, citation, return, revival, revivement, revivification, salvation
successive, symmetrical, systematic, uniform, unvarying, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: company rehabilitation
well-regulated
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: presumption of regularity, regular REHEARING, noun new hearing, reassessment, reex-
course of business, regular election amination, reinquiry, retrial

REGULARITY, noun balance, clockwork precision, con- REIGN, noun administration, authority, command, con-
formity, congruity, consistency, constantia, even tenor, trol, dominance, domination, dominion, government, hold,
evenness, exactness, harmony, homogeneity, invariability, influence, jurisdiction, mastery, might, power, predomi-
levelness, method, methodicalness, order, orderliness, nance, prerogative, privilege, regency, right, rule, sover-
ordo, periodicity, precision, proportion, punctuality, recur- eignty, supreme power, suzerainty, sway
rence, regular recurrence, regular return, regularness,
rhythm, sameness, steadiness, symmetry, uniformity REIGN, verb administer, command, dominate, exercise
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: presumption of regularity authority, govern, influence, master, predominate, preside,
prevail, regulate, rule
REGULATE (Adjust), verb allocate, arrange, balance, co-
ordinate, correct, dispose, level, make right, make uniform, REIMBURSE, verb compensate, indemnify, make good,
methodize, moderate, modulate, normalize, order, orga- make reparation, make restitution, pay back, rebate, rec-
nize, put in order, rectify, reduce to method, regularize, ompense, reddere, redress, refund, remit, remunerate,
remedy, render accordant, restore equilibrium, set right, repay, replace, requite, restore, satisfy, settle
square, standardize, straighten out, systematize, temper
REIMBURSEMENT, noun compensation, damages, de-
REGULATE (Manage), verb administer, conduct, control, frayal, disbursement, giving back, indemnification, indem-
determine, direct, discipline, govern, guide, handle, have nity, paying back, payment, rebate, recompense, recoup-
authority over, have charge of, head, lead, order, oversee, ment, redress, refund, remuneration, reparation, repayment,
police, preside over, rule, steer, superintend, supervise replacement, restitution, restoration
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: regulate commerce, regulated by law FOREIGN PHRASES: Frustra petis quod statim alteri reddere
cogeris. You ask in vain that which you will immediately be
REGULATION (Management), noun adjustment, admin- compelled to restore to another.
istratio, administration, arrangement, conduct, coordina-
tion, disposal, disposition, economy, government, guid- REIN IN, verb arrest, bridle, check, choke, constrain,
ance, handling, lawmaking, moderation, organization, contain, control, curb, govern, hamper, handcuff, hinder,
regimentation, steerage, superintendence, supervision, sys- hold, impede, inhibit, keep, measure, muzzle, obstruct, pull
tematization in, regulate, repress, restrain, rule, shackle, smother, stifle,
strangle, suppress, tame
REGULATION (Rule), noun act, bylaw, canon, code,
command, commandment, decree, dictate, direction, di- REINFORCE, verb affirm, augment, avouch, back, bol-
rective, discipline, edict, enactment, injunction, instruction, ster, boost, brace, buttress, confirm, confirmare, corrobo-
iussum, law, legislation, mandate, measure, order, ordi- rate, energize, establish, fortify, intensify, prove, reconfirm,
nance, praeceptum, precept, prescript, prescription, regi- reconstitute, redouble, reestablish, refurbish, reinvigorate,
men, statute reorganize, replenish, shore up, strengthen, substantiate,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: municipal regulation, reasonable regu- supplement, support, validate, verify
lation, zoning regulation
REINFORCEMENT, noun addition, additional strength,
REGULATIONS, noun code, codification, dictates, direc- aid, assistance, augmentation, auxiliary, backing, boost,
tives, instructions, ordinances, provisions of the regula- buttress, fresh supply, furtherance, help, helping hand, in-
tions, rules, section of the regulations crease, prop, protection, relief, replenishment, strength-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: promulgation of administrative rules, ener, supplement, supplementum, support
promulgation of regulations
REINSTATE, verb bring back, place in a former state,
REHABILITATE, verb ameliorate, amend, bring back, put back, put back into service, reappoint, reconstitute,
fix, furbish, improve, make over, meliorate, mend, readjust, reestablish, rehabilitate, rehire, reinaugurate, reinstall, rein-
rebuild, reclaim, recondition, reconstitute, reconstruct, re- vest, remit, replace, reseat, restituere, restore, restore to
convert, rectify, redeem, redintegrate, reestablish, refash- office, restore to power, return, revest, revive
ion, refit, refurbish, reintegrate, reinvigorate, remake, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: reinstate to a job

548
 RELATIONSHIP

REITERATE, verb duplicate, echo, go over, harp upon, RELAPSE, noun backsliding, declension, declination,
ingeminate, iterare, iterate, reaffirm, reassert, recapitulate, decline, degeneration, deterioration, escheat, fall, lapse,
redouble, repeat, rephrase, reproduce, restate, retell, re- recidere, recidivation, recidivism, recrudescence, recrudes-
utter, review, reword, say again, say repeatedly, state again cency, recurrence, regress, regression, reoccurrence, rep-
etition, retrocession, retrogradation, retrogression, retro-
REITERATION, noun battology, duplication, echo, en- version, return, reversal, reverse, reversion, setback,
core, iteration, reassertion, recapitulation, recital, recount, sinking, weakening
recounting, recurrence, redundancy, reechoing, rehash,
repetition, repetitiveness, reproduction, restatement, re- RELAPSE, verb backslide, decline, degenerate, deteri-
telling, review, summary, tautology orate, fall, fall back, recidere, recidivate, recrudesce, re-
gress, relabi, renew, retrocede, retrograde, retrogress,
REJECT, verb abandon, abhor, abjure, abnegate, banish, retrovert, return, reverse, revert, sink back, slide back, slip
blackball, boycott, brush aside, cashier, cast aside, cast back, start again, start fresh, suffer a relapse, wane,
away, cast off, challenge, contravene, controvert, decline, weaken
demur, deny, despise, detest, disaffirm, disallow, disap-
prove, disavow, disbelieve, discard, disclaim, discount, RELATE (Establish a connection), verb affect, affiliate,
discredit, disdain, disinherit, dismiss, disown, dispute, dis- ally, appertain to, apply, associate, bear upon, bracket,
regard, dissent, dodge, eject, eliminate, eradicate, excise, concern, connect, consociate, correlate, draw a parallel,
exclude, expel, extirpate, extract, forbid, forswear, gainsay, filiate, group, have a bearing on, identify, integrate, inter-
get rid of, hold in contempt, ignore, impugn, jeer, jettison, connect, interrelate, link, parallel, pertain, pertinere, tie,
jilt, keep out, lay aside, leave out, neglect, object, oppose, unite
ostracize, oust, overrule, pass by, pass over, preclude, pro-
hibit, proscribe, protest, rebuff, refuse, refuse to accept, RELATE (Tell), verb acquaint, advise, air, announce, ap-
refuse to consider, remove, renounce, repel, reprobate, prise, broadcast, communicate, convey, declare, describe,
repudiare, repudiate, repulse, revolt, scoff at, scout, scrap, detail, disclose, divulge, elucidate, enarrare, express, give
screen out, set aside, shun, slight, snub, spurn, take excep- a report, give an account, impart, inform, make known,
tion to, throw aside, throw out, traverse, uproot, veto, vote mention, narrate, notify, observe, particularize, phrase,
against, waive, weed out portray, put into words, recite, recount, repeat, report,
represent in words, retell, reveal, say, set forth, speak,
REJECTION, noun abandonment, abhorrence, abjura- state, utter, vent, ventilate, verbalize
tion, abnegation, averseness, ban, banishment, cashiering,
contempt, contravention, debarment, declension, declina- RELATED, adjective affiliated, affined, affinitive, agnate,
tion, declinature, defeat, denial, deportation, deposal, dis- akin, allied, analogous, applicable, apposite, appropriate,
affirmation, disagreement, disallowance, disapprobation, appurtenant, associated, cognate, cognatus, collateral,
disapproval, disbelief, discardure, discharge, discrediting, commutual, complementary, congeneric, congenerical,
disdain, disfavor, disinheritance, dislike, dislodgment, dis- congenerous, connate, connatural, connected, consan-
missal, disownment, dissent, distrust, dubiety, dubious- guine, consanguineous, consociate, contingent, correlated,
ness, elimination, eradication, erasure, eviction, excision, correlative, correspondent, dependent, enmeshed, ger-
exclusion, excommunication, exile, exilement, expatria- mane, implicated, interconnected, interdependent, inter-
tion, expulsion, extirpation, firing, gainsaying, hatred, intol- related, intertwined, interwoven, kindred, knit, like, linked,
erance, intoleration, mistrust, negation, neglect, nonaccep- mutual, pertinent, propinquus, proximus, reciprocal, rela-
tance, noninclusion, objection, omission, opposition, tive, relevant, tied
ostracism, ouster, overruling, prohibition, proscription, re-
buff, recantation, refusal, reiectio, relegation, removal, re- RELATION (Connection), noun affiliation, affinity, alli-
nunciation, reprobation, repudiatio, repudiation, repulse, ance, analogy, applicability, appositeness, apposition, as-
revilement, revolt, riddance, scorn, slight, snub, spurning, sociation, bearing, bond, closeness, cognation, compara-
uprooting, veto, waiver bleness, connation, connaturalness, connexion, correlation,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: rejection of claim correspondence, homology, indentification, interconnec-
tion, interrelationship, liaison, likeness, link, mutuality,
REJOIN (Congregate), verb assemble, associate, cluster, nearness, nexus, pertinence, propinquity, reference, rela-
collect, concentrate, convocate, forgather, meet with, mus- tionship, relative position, relevance, resemblance, similar-
ter, reassemble, reconcentrate, regroup, rendezvous with, ity, similitude, tie, tie-in
reunite
RELATION (Kinship), noun blood relative, blood tie,
REJOIN (Retort), verb acknowledge, answer, confute, cognatus, common ancestry, common descent, common
counter, countercharge, rebut, refute, reply, respond, re- lineage, common stock, consanguinity, family connection,
turn and answer, riposte family tie, kin, kindred, kinsman, propinquus, relationship,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: pleadings, rejoinder relative

REJOINDER, noun answer, counteraccusation, coun- RELATIONSHIP (Connection), noun alignment, amal-
terargument, countercharge, counterstatement, defense, gamation, analogy, appositeness, association, bearing,
plea in rebuttal, reply, response, retort bond, coaction, coalition, cognatio, cognation, combination,
confederacy, coniunctio, connecting link, consociation, cor-
REJUVENATE, verb freshen, make over, modernize, relation, interconnection, interdependence, interrelation,
overhaul, recharge, recondition, re-create, redesign, reen- interrelationship, involvement, likeness, link, linkage, mutu-
gineer, refresh, refurbish, rehabilitate, remodel, renovate, ality, nearness, pertinence, rapport, reciprocity, relation,
repair, replenish, restore, resupply, resurrect, resuscitate, relevance, relevancy, tie, unification, union, unity
revitalize, revive, revivify, transform, update ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: privity

549
 RELATIONSHIP

RELATIONSHIP (Family tie), noun affinity, blood rela- RELEASE FROM PRISON, verb deliver, demobilize, dis-
tion, blood ties, consanguinity, extraction, family connection, charge, dismiss, free, let go, let go free, let loose, let off, let
filiation, kindredship, kinship, lineage, propinquitas, relation out, let out on bail, pardon, parole, release from custody,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: blood relationship, intestate succes- unbridle, unchain, unfetter, unharness, unlatch, unleash,
sion, paternity proceeding unlock, unshackle
FOREIGN PHRASES: Affinis mei affinis non est mihi affinis. ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: appeal, habeas corpus
One who is a relative of my relative by marriage is not my
relative. RELEGATE, verb allocate, assign, ban, banish, bar, cast
out, consign, convey, delegate, deport, depute, discard, dis-
RELATIVE (Comparative), adjective analogous, com- lodge, dismiss, dispatch, displace, elide, eliminate, entrust,
mensurable, commensurate, comparare, compared, contras- eradicate, exclude, excommunicate, exile, expatriate, expel,
tive, correlative, correspondent, corresponding, propor- isolate, omit, ostracize, oust, outlaw, proscribe, push aside,
tional, proportionate refer, reject, remand, remove, segregate, send away, sepa-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: dependent relative revocation, rela- rate, set apart, shut out, throw out, transfer, transport, turn
tive fault over to

RELATIVE (Relevant), adjective affinitive, allied, appli- RELENT, verb abate severity, accede, acquiesce, be as-
cable, apposite, appositional, appropriate, appurtenant, suaged, be compassionate, be compliant, be forgiving, be
apropos, apt, associated, bearing on, cognate, collateral, merciful, be mollified, be placated, be pliant, be submis-
compatible, concerning, connected, connective, correlated, sive, be tolerant, bend, defer to, feel compassion, feel for,
fit, fitting, germane, interconnected, kindred, material, per- forgive, give, give in, give quarter, give way, grow lenient,
taining, pertinent, referring, related, relating, relational, grow less severe, have mercy, have sympathy, iram remit-
respecting, suitable tere, molliri, pity, relax, remit, resign, show mercy, soften,
spare, succumb, sympathize, unbend, yield
RELATIVE, noun blood relation, clansman, cognate,
cognatus, connection, family, kin, kindred, kinsman, kith, RELENTLESS, adjective assiduous, bowelless, brutish,
member of the family, propinquus, relation, sib cold, cold-blooded, cold-hearted, continuous, cruel, deter-
mined, dictatorial, endless, hard, hard of heart, hard-
RELAX, verb abate, allay, assuage, be lenient, bend, di- hearted, harsh, heedless, immisericors, impenitent, impe-
minish, ease, give, lenify, lessen, milden, mitigate, moder- rious, implacable, inclement, indefatigable, inexorabilis,
ate, modify, modulate, reduce, relent, remit, show clem- inexorable, inflexible, insensitive, insistent, intolerant, in-
ency, show pity, slacken, soften, temper, weaken, yield transigent, iron, merciless, obdurate, obstinate, persever-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: relax a restriction ant, persevering, persistent, pertinacious, pitiless, press-
ing, rancorous, remorseless, resolute, rigid, ruthless,
RELAXATION OF LAW, noun absolution, acquittal, as- sedulous, severe, steadfast, stern, stony-hearted, strin-
suagement, discharge, dismissal, dispensation, exculpa- gent, stubborn, tenacious, truculent, tyrannical, unappeas-
tion, exemption, exoneration, grace, grant, immunity, in- able, unbending, uncompassionate, uncompromising, un-
dulgence, license, mollification, pardon, privilege, reduction, daunted, undeviating, unfaltering, unfeeling, unflinching,
release from liability, release from obligation, relief, reprieve, unforgiving, unintermitting, unmerciful, unmitigable, un-
special privilege, tolerance, toleration, vindication moved by pity, unpitying, unrelenting, unremitting, un-
shrinking, unsparing, unswerving, unsympathetic, unyield-
RELAY, verb broadcast, conduct, convey, deliver, dif- ing, vindictive, without regrets
fuse, disseminate, give, hand over, impart, send, spread,
surrender, transfer, transfuse, transmit, turn over RELEVANCE, noun affinity, applicability, application, ap-
positeness, appropriateness, aptness, association, bearing,
RELEASE, noun abandonment, absolution, acquittal, ac- compatibility, concern, congruence, congruency, congruity,
quittance, amnesty, casting away, cession, clearance, com- connection, correlation, correspondence, importance, mate-
purgation, deliverance, disbanding, discarding, discharge, riality, pertinence, reference, relation, relationship, signifi-
disculpation, disengagement, disentanglement, disenthrall- cance, suitability, suitableness, tie-in
ment, dismissal, dispensation, disposal, emancipation, excul- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: objection as to relevance
pation, excusal, excuse, exemption, exoneration, extrication,
forgiveness, freeing, immunity, laying aside, liberatio, libera- RELEVANCY, noun accord, affinity, applicability, appli-
tion, manumission, missio, pardon, pardonment, quietus, cation, appositeness, appropriateness, aptness, association,
relinquishment, salvation, setting free, sparing, unchaining, bearing, comparability, compatibility, congruence, congru-
unfettering, unharnessing, untying, waiver, yielding ency, congruity, connection, correlation, correspondence,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: binding release fitness, harmoniousness, importance, materiality, perti-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Eodem modo quo oritur, eodem modo dis- nence, propriety, reference, relation, relationship, scope,
solvitur. It is discharged in the same manner in which it was significance, suitability, suitableness, tie-in
created. Quodque dissolvitur eodem modo quo ligatur. A ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: legal relevancy, logical relevancy,
thing is unbound in the same manner that it is made binding. relevancy of evidence

RELEASE, verb clear, deliver, discharge, disengage, disen- RELEVANT, adjective ad rem spectare, admissible, af-
thrall, dismiss, emancipate, enfranchise, exculpate, excuse, finitive, allied, applicable, apposite, appropriate, appurte-
exempt, exonerate, exsolvere, extricate, forgive, free, give nant, apropos, apt, associated, cognate, compatible, con-
clearance, give up, laxare, let go, let out, liberare, liberate, cerning, conformant, conforming, congruent, congruous,
manumit, relieve, relinquish, remit, reprieve, save, set at large, connected, consentaneous, consistent, consonant, corre-
set at liberty, set free, set loose, spare, unburden, unfetter, yield lated, correspondent, felicitous, fit, fitting, germane, impor-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: release a claim, release a lien tant, material, pertaining to, pertinent, proper, referring to,

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related, relative, seasonable, suitable, tied in with, to the RELINQUISH, verb abandon, abdicate, abjure, cast off,
point, to the purpose cease, cede, deliver, demit, desert, disclaim, discontinue,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: relevant evidence, relevant question dismiss, do without, drop, eliminate, forgo, forsake, for-
swear, give over, give up, give up claim to, go without,
RELEVANT CONDUCT, noun conduct at issue, conduct hand over, jettison, lay aside, leave, let go, part with, pull
in question, pertinent conduct, scope of behavior at issue, out, quit, reject, release, relinquere, renounce, resign, rid,
scope of behavior to be considered sacrifice, secede from, sign away, spare, surrender, throw
away, turn one’s back on, vacate, waive, withdraw, yield
RELIABILITY (Authoritativeness), noun candor, certainty, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: relinquish a claim
certification, credibility, honor, loyalty, trustworthiness
RELINQUISHMENT, noun abandonment, abdication,
RELIABILITY (Predictability), noun constancy, depend- abjuration, cessation, demission, discontinuance, dismissal,
ability, firmness, punctuality, responsibility, secureness, elimination, forswearance, rejection, release, renounce-
solidity, soundness, stability, substantiality ment, renunciation, resignation, succession, surrender, va-
cation, waiver, withdrawal
RELIABLE, adjective accurate, assured, authentic, be- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: custody relinquishment, relinquish-
lievable, certain, competent, conclusive, conscientious, ment of rights
constant, credible, definite, dependable, devoted, eviden-
tial, exact, faithful, genuine, guaranteed, honest, honorable, RELISH, verb appreciate, bask in, be fond of, be pleased
incontestable, incontrovertible, indisputable, indubitable, with, delight in, derive pleasure from, enjoy, fancy, feel
inerrable, inerrant, infallible, irrefutable, legitimate, loyal, gratification, feel joy, feel pleasure, gloat over, like, luxuri-
proved, real, reputable, respectable, responsible, safe, ate in, prefer, rejoice in, revel in, savor, take pleasure in
scrupulous, secure, sincere, sound, stable, stanch, stead-
fast, steady, strong, sure, tried, true, trustworthy, trusty, RELOCATE, verb reassign, reestablish, replace, reposi-
truthful, undeniable, unequivocal, unerring, unfailing, un- tion, rereside, resettle, resite, restation
hazardous, unperilous, unquestionable, upright, veracious,
veridical, worthy of trust RELUCTANCE, noun antipathy, averseness, aversion,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: reliable evidence, reliable testimony, coactus, deprecation, diffidence, disaffection, disapproval,
reliable witness disfavor, disinclination, dislike, dissent, distaste, doubt,
hesitance, hesitancy, hesitation, indisposedness, indisposi-
RELIANCE, noun acceptance, affiance, assurance, as- tion, indocility, invitus, misgiving, nolition, objection, obsti-
suredness, belief, certainty, certitude, confidence, conviction, nacy, qualms, recoiling, renitence, renitency, repugnance,
credence, credulity, dependability, dependence, expectation, reservations, resistance, scruples, shyness, skepticism,
faith, fides, fiducia, security, support, sureness, troth, trust squeamishness, uncertainty, unwillingness

RELIEF (Aid), noun accommodation, assistance, atten- RELUCTANT, adjective adverse, averse, avoiding, be-
tion, auxilium, avail, backing, care, cooperation, encour- grudging, diffident, discontented, disinclined, dissenting,
agement, help, ministration, ministry, promotion, rein- dissentious, evasive, grudging, hesitant, hesitating, hesita-
forcement, rescue, respite, salvation, subsidium, succor, tive, inacquiescent, indisposed, involuntary, irreconcilable,
support, sustenance, treatment not disposed, not inclined, opposed, protestant, querulous,
recalcitrant, refusing, rejective, renitent, shrinking, shun-
RELIEF (Legal redress), noun award, compensation, cor- ning, squeamish, uncertain, uncomplaisant, uncomplying,
rection, decision, indemnification, judgment, payment, unconsenting, uncooperated, uninclined, unwilling
recompense, rectification, remedy, reparation, restitution, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: reluctant witness
restoration, retribution, satisfaction
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: affirmative relief, bill of discovery and RELY, verb bank on, be confident, be dependent on,
relief, complete relief, declaratory relief, further relief, pri- believe in, confide, confidere, count upon, depend, en-
mary relief, supplemental relief trust, feel sure, have confidence in, have faith in, lean on,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Judex non reddit plus quam quod petens look to, place trust in, put confidence in, put faith in, rely
ipse requirit. A judge should not render judgments for a on, trust
larger sum than the plaintiff demands.
REMAIN (Continue), verb adhere, be constant, be per-
RELIEF (Release), noun abatement, alleviation, amelio- manent, be steadfast, be tenacious, carry on, continue, en-
ration, assuagement, deliverance, diminishment, diminu- dure, exist, extend, go on, hang on, hold out, keep, keep
tion, discharge, disencumberance, easement, liberation, going, keep on, last, linger, maintain, outlast, outlive, per-
mitigation, palliation, reduction, remedium, remission, re- dure, perpetuate, persevere, persist, prevail, proceed,
prieve, respite, rest, sublevatio progress, prolong, pursue, stand fast, stand firm, stay, sub-
sist, survive, sustain
RELIEVE (Free from burden), verb abate, allay, assuage,
deliver, disburden, disencumber, disengage, emancipate, REMAIN (Occupy), verb be present, dwell, enjoy, have,
exempt, extricate, free, liberate, lighten, manumit, mitigate, have possession, hold, hold possession, inhabit, live in,
moderate, relax, release, rid, set free, unburden, unload lodge, maintain, own, possess, reside, retain

RELIEVE (Give aid), verb aid, alleviate, ameliorate, as- REMAIN (Stay), verb adhere, await, be anchored, be
sist, better, calm, comfort, cure, ease, give help, give relief, dormant, be immobile, be immovable, be inert, be motion-
heal, help, improve, medicate, meliorate, minister to, palli- less, be sedentary, be stationary, be transfixed, come to
ate, reenforce, remedy, render assistance, salve, soothe, stay, delay, durare, hold, last, linger, lodge, pause, remanere,
succor, treat repose, rest, set in, stand, stand fast, wait

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ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: remain in possession after the expira- REMEDY (Legal means of redress), noun aid, alleviation,
tion of a lease, remain on premises amelioration, assistance, compensation, corrective mea-
sure, counteraction, effective help, help, recompense, rec-
REMAINDER (Estate in property), noun estate, excess, tification, rehabilitation, relief, remedial measure, repara-
expectancy, interest, property, residual estate, reversionary tion, reparative measure, restitution, solution
estate, surplus ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: adequate remedy at law, ancillary re-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: contingent remainder, vested remainder lief, appropriate relief, equitable remedy, exclusive rem-
edy, exhaustion of administrative remedies, extraordinary
REMAINDER (Remaining part), noun balance, carry- remedy, inadequate remedy, legal remedy, mutuality of
over, excess, leftover, overplus, quod restat, reliquum, re- remedy, provisional remedy, statutory remedy
maining portion, remains, residuals, residue, residuum,
rest, reversion, superfluity, surplus REMEDY (That which corrects), noun aid, antidote, as-
sistance, correction, corrective measure, cure, help, pallia-
REMAND, verb command back, commit, commit to an tive, relief, remedial measure, remedium, restorative
institution, consign, delegate, entrust, imprison again,
order back, reassign, recommit, reincarcerate, reinstitution- REMEDY, verb adjust, aid, alleviate, ameliorate, amend,
alize, relegate, remit, remittere, replace, restore, return, assist, assuage, attend, calm, change, correct, cure, ease,
return to prison, send, send back, transfer fix, heal, help, improve, indemnify, make amends, make
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: general remand, reversed and re- better, make sound, medicamentum, medicate, medicina,
manded meliorate, mend, minister to, mitigate, mollify, neutralize,
overhaul, palliate, put into condition, put into shape, read-
REMARK, noun animadversion, assertion, averment, just, rectify, redress, reinvigorate, relieve, remedium,
comment, commentary, declaration, dictum, exclama- renew, repair, restore, resuscitate, retrieve, revise, revive,
tion, expression, interjection, mention, note, observation, revivify, right, satisfy, save, set straight, solve, soothe, suc-
point, pronouncement, recitation, reflection, saying, cor, treat, work a cure
speech, statement, thought, utterance, word
REMEMBER, verb be reminded of, bear in memory,
REMARK, verb affirm, animadvert, articulate, assert, bear in mind, bring to mind, call to mind, call up, com-
asseverate, aver, come out with, comment, communicate, memorate, conjure up, fix in the mind, keep in mind, know
convey, dare say, declare, deliver, dicere, discuss, emit, again, know by heart, look back, master, memorialize,
expound, express, give utterance, let fall, make mention, memorize, not forget, place, preserve a memory, recall,
make note of, mention, note, observe, present, recite, re- recognize, recollect, recordari, recover knowledge of, re-
late, respond, say, speak, state, suggest, talk about, tell, identify, relive, remind oneself, reminisce, reminisci, retain,
utter, verbalize, vocalize, voice review, summon up, think back

REMARKABLE, adjective amazing, astonishing, as- REMEMBRANCE (Commemoration), noun acclaim, ag-
tounding, celebrated, consequential, conspicuous, con- grandizement, celebration, ceremony, commendation,
spicuus, curious, distinct, distinctive, distinguished, egre- consecration, dignification, elevation, enshrinement, exal-
gious, exceptional, extraordinary, eye-catching, fabulous, tation, glorification, holiday, homage, honoring, immortal-
flagrant, great, important, imposing, impressive, incredi- ization, keepsake, memento, memorial, memorialization,
ble, lofty, marked, marvelous, memorable, miraculous, monument, observance, perpetuation, praise, ritual, saluta-
momentous, monumental, notable, noteworthy, out- tion, solemnization, souvenir, testimonial, token, tribute
standing, overwhelming, peculiar, predominent, promi-
nent, rare, salient, signal, significant, singular, singularis, REMEMBRANCE (Recollection), noun memoria, mem-
special, strange, striking, stupendous, surprising, unbeliev- ory, mental image, recall, recognition, recognizance, re-
able, uncommon, unforgettable, unique, unparalleled, un- construction, reidentification, reminiscence, retention, ret-
speakable, unusual, visible, wonderful, wondrous, worthy rospect, retrospection, revival in the mind
of note
REMIND, verb admonere, advise, awaken memories,
REMEDIAL, adjective alleviating, alleviative, alterative, bring back, bring to recollection, bring up, cause to recol-
amendatory, analeptic, anodyne, antidotal, assuasive, lect, cause to remember, commonere, cue, drop a hint, give
balmy, beneficial, benign, bracing, calmative, cleansing, notice, haunt, hint, jog the memory, make an allusion to,
compensatory, corrective, counteracting, curative, curing, note, point out, prod, prompt, refresh the memory, renew
easing, emollient, healing, health-giving, healthful, invigo- memories, state, stress, suggest, tell, warn
rating, lenitive, medical, medicative, medicinal, palliative,
prophylactic, purifying, recuperative, reformative, repara- REMINDER, noun allusion, commemoration, cue, hint,
tive, reparatory, restitutive, restorative, revivifying, robo- jog, keepsake, memento, memo, memorandum, memorial,
rant, salubrious, salutaris, salutary, salutiferous, sanative, mnemonic, mnemonic device, notation, note, phylactery,
sanatory, sanitary, soothing, stimulating, strengthening, prod, prompt, reference, relic, remembrance, shrine, sou-
therapeutic, tonic, wholesome venir, suggestion, testimonial
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: remedial act, remedial laws
REMISE, verb cede, give back, give up, grant, quit,
REMEDIAL STATUTE, noun correction, corrective quitclaim, release, relinquish, remit, resign, surrender
measure, cure, legislative cure, legislative redress, rectifica-
tion, relief, remedial measure, remedy REMISS, adjective careless, delinquent, derelict, dila-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: remedial act, remedial action, reme- tory, disregardant, disregardful, dutiless, forgetful, heedless,
dial cases, remedial legislation, remedial right, remedial idle, improvident, imprudent, inattentive, inconsiderate, in-
statute, remedial writ different, indolent, injudicious, lackadaisical, late, lax, lazy,

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loafing, neglectful, neglegens, negligent, omissive, procras- critical, dehortative, dehortatory, demurring, deprecative,
tinative, reckless, shiftless, slack, slothful, tardy, temerari- deprecatory, discouraging, disputatious, dissuasive, en-
ous, thoughtless, uncircumspect, unconcerned, unheeding, joining, expostulatory, exprobrative, exprobratory, ob-
unmindful, unsolicitous, unthinking, unwatchful, unwilling jecting, objurgatory, protesting, rebuking, remonstrant,
reprimanding, reproachful, reprobative, reprobatory, re-
REMISSION, noun abatement, absolution, acquittal, ac- proving, warning
quittance, allayment, alleviation, amnesty, assuagement,
break, cancellation, cessation, check, clearance, condona- REMORSE, noun anguish, chagrin, compunction, con-
tion, decrease, diminution, discharge, discontinuance, excul- cern, conscience, conscientia mala, contriteness, contri-
pation, exemption, exoneration, forbearance, forgiveness, tion, disquiet, feelings of guilt, grief, pangs of conscience,
grace, halt, indulgence, intermission, interruption, interval, penitence, regret, regretfulness, remorsefulness, repen-
lapse, lessening, letup, liberation, lull, mitigation, modera- tance, rue, self-accusation, self-condemnation, self-convic-
tion, modulation, pardon, pause, quietus, quittance, recess, tion, self-criticism, self-reproach, self-reproof, sorriness,
reduction, relaxation, release, relief, relinquishment, remis- sorrow
sio, reprieve, respite, rest, standstill, stay, stop, stoppage,
subsidence, suspense, suspension, tranquilization, venia REMORSEFUL, adjective apologetic, compunctious,
conscience-smitten, conscience-stricken, contrite, full of
REMIT (Relax), verb abate, alleviate, assuage, attemper, regret, lamenting, penitent, penitential, regretful, repen-
brake, calm, check, condonare, decrease, diminish, ease, tant, repenting, rueful, sad, self-accusatory, self-condemna-
give up, halt, hold up, lenify, lessen, let slacken, let up, tory, self-reproaching, sorrowful, sorry
loosen, make less violent, minimize, mitigate, moderate,
palliate, quell, quiet, reduce, relinquish, remittere, soften, REMORSELESS, adjective cruel, dispiteous, hardened,
soothe, stall, stop, suspend, tranquilize, weaken heartless, immisericors, impenitent, implacable, indurate,
indurated, insensitive, intolerant, lacking remorse, merciless,
REMIT (Release from penalty), verb absolve, acquit, am- obdurate, pitiless, relentless, ruthless, shameless, unappeas-
nesty, assoil, cancel, clear, condone, discharge, dismiss, dis- able, uncompassionate, unforgiving, unmerciful, unpitying,
regard, drop charges, exculpate, excuse, exempt, exonerate, unregenerate, unrelenting, unremorseful, unrepentant
forgive, free, give amnesty, let go, let out, liberate, overlook,
pardon, pass over, reinstate, release, reprieve, respite, show REMOTE (Not proximate), adjective at a great distance,
clemency, show mercy, spare, vindicate, waive distant, far, far-off, far removed, indirect, not immediate,
remotus, removed
REMIT (Send payment), verb compensate, defray, dis- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: remote cause, remote damages
burse, discharge, forward payment, make payment, mittere, FOREIGN PHRASES: Id quod est magis remotum, non trahit
pay, recompense, remunerate, render, repay, requite, sat- ad se quod est magis junctum, sed e contrario in omni
isfy, send money, send payment, settle, tender, transmit casu. That which is more remote does not draw to itself that
payment which is more proximate, but the contrary in every case.

REMIT (Submit for consideration), verb advance, com- REMOTE (Secluded), adjective alone, apart, curtained,
mit, consign, forward, offer, present, proffer, propose, refer, detached, disassociated, distant, far, far-off, faraway, hid-
relegate, remand, send, tender, transmit den, inaccessible, insular, isolated, not close, not near, not
nearby, out of the way, private, remote, removed, seclusive,
REMITTANCE, noun acquittal, defrayal, defrayment, segregated, separated, sequestered, shut away, solitary,
disbursement, expenditure, money sent, payment, pecunia, unapproachable, unassociated, unconnected, unfrequented
quittance, recompense, reimbursement, remuneration, rep-
aration, transmittal REMOTE (Small), adjective diminutive, faint, in small
amount, inappreciable, inconsequential, inconsiderable, in-
REMONSTRANCE, noun admonishment, admonitio, significant, insubstantial, little, minimal, minute, scant, slight,
admonition, animadversion, argument, castigation, censure, slim, small, superficial, tiny, trivial, unessential, unimportant
challenge, chastisement, correction, criticism, dehortation,
demur, determent, discouragement, dissuasion, exception, REMOTE CAUSE, noun auxiliary cause, distant basis,
exhortation, expostulation, exprobration, gainsaying, objec- distant cause, distant reason, far cause, far-off cause, far-
tion, objurgation, opposition, protest, protestation, rebuke, removed cause, immaterial cause, indirect cause, insuffi-
reclamatio, reprimand, reproach, reprobation, reproof, re- cient legal basis, insufficient legal cause, insufficient legal
proval, warning factor, insufficient legal genesis, insufficient legal induce-
ment, insufficient legal source, no imediate legal cause,
REMONSTRATE, verb admonish, advise, advise nonimmediate legal basis, not immediate cause, not im-
against, altercate, animadvert, argue against, berate, casti- mediate legal genesis, removed cause
gate, censure, challenge, chastise, correct, counsel, counsel ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: intervening cause, liability, negli-
against, criticize, cry out against, decry, demur, deprecate, gence, proximate cause
deter, disapprove, discourage, disparage, dispute, dis-
suade, exhort, expostulate, express disapproval, expro- REMOVAL, noun abatement, abolition, amotio, amo-
bate, find fault, find flaws, frown upon, make objections, tion, banishment, cashiering, change of place, conveyance,
object, objurgate, oppose, protest, raise objections, rebuke, debarment, deduction, demission, demotion, departure,
reprehend, reproach, reprove, scold, stickle, take excep- deportation, deposal, deposition, deprivation of office, de-
tion, upbraid, urge against, warn tachment, discard, discharge, disemployment, disloca-
tion, dislodgment, dismissal, displacement, divestment,
REMONSTRATIVE, adjective admonitive, admoni- ejection, elimination, eradication, erasure, evacuation,
tory, argumentative, censorious, contentious, corrective, evulsion, exception, excision, exclusion, exile, expulsion,

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extermination, extirpation, extraction, extrication, isola- RENDER (Administer), verb accomplish, accord, admin-
tion, layoff, noninclusion, obliteration, omission, ousting, istrate, bring about, conduct, contribute, dispense, execute,
purge, reallocation, rejection, relegation, remotion, retire- furnish, give, mete out, perform, preside over, provide,
ment, retreat, riddance, segregation, separation, sequestra- provide with, put into effect
tion, shift, sublation, subtraction, suppression, taking away,
transfer, transference, transhipment, translocation, transplace- RENDER (Deliver), verb communicate, confer, convey,
ment, transplantation, transportation, unseating, withdrawal execute, give, give back, hand down, hand over, impart,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: removal from office, removal of cloud pass down, present, reddere, referre, set down, submit, sur-
from title, removal to federal court render, tribuere
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: render a judgment, render a verdict,
REMOVE (Dismiss from office), verb cashier, depose, render an accounting
disassociate, disbar, discharge, dismiss, displace, dissoci-
ate, divest, eject, expel, fire, get rid of, impeach, oust, put RENDER (Depict), verb characterize, construe, define,
out, relieve, replace, suspend, turn out delineate, describe, detail, elucidate, illustrate, interpret,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: removal proceeding, remove from office outline, picture, portray, record, represent, reproduce, set
forth, show, sketch, translate
REMOVE (Eliminate), verb abolish, annihilate, bar, can-
cel, clear, confiscate, debar, deduct, delete, delocalize, de- RENDER A JUDGMENT, verb adjudge, adjudicate, autho-
tach, deterge, detruncate, disassociate, disconnect, disjoin, rize, award, constitute, decide, decree, deliver judgment,
dislocate, dislodge, displace, disroot, dissociate, disturb, enact, establish by law, hand down a judgment, impose, in-
divest, drain, eliminate, eradicate, except, exclude, ex- stitute, legalize, pass, pass judgment, pass upon, sanction
hume, export, expunge, exterminate, extirpate, extract, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: render a verdict
extricate, isolate, kill, liquidate, obliterate, obviate, omit,
part, purge, reject, segregate, separate, sequester, seques- RENDER IMPOSSIBLE, verb ban, block, check, debar,
trate, set apart, strip, subtract, take away, take out, trun- disallow, enjoin, exclude, forbid, foreclose, halt, hinder,
cate, unattach, unbind, unfasten, unload, untie, uproot, impede, interdict, obstruct, oppose, preclude, prevent,
withdraw prohibit, proscribe, refuse permission, restrain, restrict,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: remove a cloud on title, remove dis- stop, thwart, veto
abilities, remove obstructions
RENDER NULL AND VOID, verb abolish, abrogate,
REMOVE (Transfer), verb amovere, change address, annul, cancel, countermand, deprive of legal force, disown,
change place, change venue, convey to, deliver to, for- dissolve, frustrate, invalidate, make useless, make value-
ward, move, relocate, removere, send, send forth, shift, less, negate, neutralize, nullify, obliterate, offset, override,
switch, transmit overrule, overturn, renege, renounce, repeal, rescind, re-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: removal from the state, remove a case verse, revoke, suspend, vacate, vitiate, void
to federal court, remove a cause of action
RENDEZVOUS, noun appointment, assembly, assigna-
REMUNERATE, verb acquit, award, compensate, defray, tion, concourse, confluence, congregation, congress, date,
disburse, discharge, give payment, indemnify, make pay- encounter, engagement, gathering, gathering place, get-
ment, make up for, pay, recompense, reimburse, remit, together, ingathering, meeting, meeting place, muster,
remunerari, repay, requite, reward, satisfy, settle place of assignation, place of meeting, tryst
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: legal fees
RENDEZVOUS, verb assemble, be closeted with, be-
REMUNERATION, noun award, compensation, defrayal, come acquainted, come together, congregate, convene,
defrayment, indemnification, indemnity, money, pay, pay- encounter, forgather, gather, keep a date, keep an appoint-
ment, praemium, quittance, recompense, reimbursement, ment, meet, muster
remuneratio, requital, restitution, return, reward, satisfac-
tion, settlement RENDITION (Explication), noun account, construction,
definition, delineation, explanation, interpretation, reading,
REMUNERATIVE, adjective advantageous, beneficial, rendering, report, representation, rewording, statement,
compensative, compensatory, gainful, fruitful, lucrative, translation
maintaining, productive, profitable, reimbursing, rewardful,
rewarding, salutary, satisfying, supporting, valuable, well- RENDITION (Restoration), noun compensation, in-
paying, worthwhile demnification, recommitment, rehabilitation, reparation,
restitution, return, submission, surrender
RENASCENT, adjective awakened, overhauled, reani-
mated, reappearing, reborn, reclaimed, reconditioned, re- RENEGE, verb abandon, abolish, abrogate, annul, back
constituted, reconstructed, re-created, redintegrated, redi- out, bolt, break a promise, call back, contradict, counteror-
vivus, reestablished, refashioned, reformed, refreshed, der, countermand, desert, disannul, dissolve, go back on a
regenerated, rehabilitated, rejuvenated, remade, renewed, commitment, go back on a promise, invalidate, nullify, pull
renovated, repaired, reproduced, restored, resurgent, res- out, quit, recall, refuse to honor a commitment, refuse to
urrected, resuscitated, revived, revivified, salvaged honor a promise, repeal, rescind, retract, retreat, reverse,
revoke, secede, vacate, withdraw
REND, verb break, burst, cleave, crack, cut, dilacerate,
discerp, disscindere, dissect, dissever, disunite, divide, frac- RENEW (Begin again), verb continue, launch again,
ture, lacerate, lancinate, rip, rive, rupture, sever, shatter, progress, put back, readmit, recommence, redintegrare,
shiver, slash, slice, snap, splinter, split, sunder, tear, tear reembark, reenter, regenerate, reinstall, reinstate, reinsti-
asunder tute, reintroduce, reopen, reorganize, repeat, repetere,

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resume, return to, revive, set going again, start again, reconstruct, reconvert, re-create, redeem, redintegrate,
stimulate, transform reestablish, refashion, reficere, refit, refresh, refurbish, re-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: leave to renew, renew a motion, generate, rehabilitate, reinvigorate, rejuvenate, remake,
renew an objection remodel, renew, renovize, reorganize, repair, replace, re-
store, resurrect, revamp, revive, revivify, salvage
RENEW (Refurbish), verb ameliorate, amend, bring up
to date, cure, enhance, fix, freshen, give new life to, im- RENOWNED, adjective acclaimed, applauded, cele-
prove, invigorate, make over, make perfect, make sound, brated, clarus, consequential, conspicuous, distinguished,
make well, make whole, meliorate, mend, modernize, eminent, exalted, extraordinary, famed, famous, far-famed,
overhaul, patch up, perfect, put into shape, reanimate, re- foremost, great, honored, illustrious, important, inlustris,
awaken, rebuild, reclaim, reconcinnare, recondition, recon- known, leading, matchless, much touted, notable, noted,
stitute, reconstruct, reconvert, recover, re-create, rectify, noteworthy, notorious, outstanding, popular, preeminent,
redesign, redintegrate, redo, redress, refashion, reficere, prominent, recognized, remarkable, reputable, singular,
refinish, refit, refresh, refurbish, regenerate, rehabilitate, talked about, top-flight, unexampled, unique, unparalled,
reintegrate, reinvigorate, rejuvenate, rekindle, remake, re- unprecedented, well-known
model, renovare, renovate, repair, replace, replenish, re-
produce, restore, resurge, resurrect, resuscitate, retouch, RENT, noun assessment, compensation, cost, fee, in-
revamp, revise, revitalize, revive, rework, salvage, save come, income from real estate, land revenue, merces, pay-
ment, proceeds, reditus, remuneration, rental, return, revenue
RENEWABLE ENERGY, noun alternative energy, energy ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: action for rent, assignment of rent,
efficiency, geothermal power, hydropower, replenishable ejectment, fair rent, fair rental value, holdover, month-to-
energy, solar power, tidal power, wind power month rental, prepayment of rent, reasonable rent, rent
strike, rents and proceeds, security, suit for rent, tenancy by
RENEWAL, noun amelioration, comeback, continu- will, unaccrued rent
ance, enhancement, fixing, improvement, instauration,
making over, melioration, mending, modernization, new RENT, verb allow residency, allow the use of, charter,
start, readjustment, reanimation, rearrangement, rebirth, conducere, contract, demise, enjoy the use of premises,
recharging, reclamation, recommencement, reconstitu- engage, give occupation, grant a lease, hire out, lease,
tion, reconstruction, recrudescence, recrudescency, re- lend, let, let out, locare, make available, sublease, sublet,
currence, redoubling, reestablishment, refitting, reforma- subrent, take a lease, underlease, underlet, use premises
tion, refreshment, regeneration, rehabilitation, reinstatement, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: option to rent
reinvigoration, reissue, rejuvenation, relapse, renaissance,
renascence, renovatio, renovation, reopening, repair, RENUNCIATION, noun abandonment, abdication, abju-
repetition, replenishment, reproduction, restoration, re- ration, abnegation, cancellation, cession, declination, de-
sumption, resurrection, resuscitation, return, revamping, mission, denial, disaffirmation, disallowance, disapproba-
revision, revival, revivification, salvage tion, disapproval, disavowal, disavowment, discard,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: motion to renew, renewal of a claim, disclaimer, discontinuance, disinheritance, dismissal, dis-
renewal of a license, renewal of a motion ownment, elimination, exclusion, forswearing, giving up,
negation, omission, proscription, rebuff, recantation, re-
RENITENT, adjective adverse, antagonistic, antipathetic, fusal, reiectio, rejection, relinquishment, renouncement,
antipathetical, conflicting, counteracting, counteractive, de- reprobation, repudiatio, repudiation, repulsion, resignation,
murring, disapproving, disgusted, disinclined, dissenting, retraction, sacrifice, shutting out, spurning, swearing off,
firm, indisposed, indocile, insurrectional, intractable, intransi- veto, waiver, withdrawal, yielding
gent, loath, mutinous, opposed, opposing, reactionary, recal- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: renunciation of a contract, renunciation
citrant, reluctant, resistant, resisting, rigid, stiff, unsubmissive, of a will
unwilling
REOPEN, verb aperire, begin again, carry on, come back
RENOUNCE, verb abandon, abdicate, abhor, abjure, to, commence again, continue, iterum, open again, pro-
abnegate, banish, break with, cast aside, cast off, cease, ceed, recommence, reembark, reestablish, reinstitute,
decline, demit, deny, deprive oneself, desert, desist from, renew, repeat, resume, return to, revive, start over
despise, detest, disagree, disapprove, disavow, discard, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: motion to reopen, reopen a case,
disclaim, discountenance, disdain, dismiss, disown, dis- reopen a hearing, reopen an investigation
sent, divorce oneself from, drop, eliminate, exclude, for-
bear, forbid, forgo, forsake, forswear, give away, give up, REORGANIZATION, noun alteration, amelioration,
give up claim to, go without, interdict, lay aside, leave, let betterment, change, conversion, improvement, melioration,
go, oppose, ostracize, part with, proscribe, protest, quit, overhauling, readjustment, rearrangement, rebuilding, re-
rebuff, recant, refuse, reject, relinquish, renege, repel, re- casting, reconstitution, reconstruction, rectification, reestab-
pudiate, repulse, resign, rid oneself of, scorn, spurn, sur- lishment, reformation, rehabilitation, remaking, remodeling,
render, swear off, take exception to, turn from, waive restoration, restructuring, revising, revision, transformation
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: renounce a will ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bankruptcy, corporate reorganization
FOREIGN PHRASES: Cuilibet licet juri pro se introducto re-
nunciare. Anyone may renounce the benefit of a legal REPAIR, noun adjustment, alteration, amelioration, bet-
right that exists only for his protection. terment, correction, cure, fixing, improvement, melioration,
mending, overhaul, patching, reanimation, reassembling,
RENOVATE, verb ameliorate, amend, convert, fix, im- reconditioning, reconstruction, recovery, rectification, red-
prove, make better, make new, make over, make sound, integration, refitting, reform, reformation, rehabilitation,
make whole, meliorate, mend, modernize, perfect, read- remedy, remodeling, renewal, renovation, reorganization,
just, reanimate, rebuild, recondition, reconstitute, reparation, restoration, resurrection, retouching, revival

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ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS:
duty to repair, failure to keep in repair, redone, redoubled, redundant, reduplicated, reduplicative,
opportunity to make repairs regular, rehearsed, reiterated, renewed, repetitional, repe-
titionary, repetitious, repetitive, reproduced, restated,
REPAIR, verb adjust, ameliorate, amend, brush up, con- retold, reuttered, reworded, said again, standard, stock,
dition, correct, cure, darn, fix, improve, make better, make successive, twice-told, uniform
good, make improvements, meliorate, mend, overhaul, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: repeated wrongdoing
patch, piece, put in order, put into shape, put right, read-
just, rebuild, recondition, reconstruct, rectify, redress, refi- REPEL (Disgust), verb alienate, appall, be unpalatable,
cere, refit, reform, refresh, refurbish, rehabilitate, rejuve- cause aversion, cause dislike, displease, excite dislike, fill
nate, remedy, render better, renew, reparare, reshape, with loathing, frighten, give offense, grate, horrify, incense,
restore, resurrect, retouch, retread, revamp, revive, right, irritate, make one shudder, make one sick, make unwel-
salvage, service, tinker, touch up, vamp come, nauseate, offend, repulse, revolt, scandalize, shock,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: duty to repair sicken, vex

REPARATION (Act of keeping in repair), noun correction, REPEL (Drive back), verb avert, beat back, cast aside,
instauration, overhaul, readjustment, rebuilding, recondition- challenge, chase away, check, checkmate, confound, con-
ing, reconstruction, rectification, refurbishment, rehabilitation, front, deflect, dispel, disperse, divert, drive away, drive
rejuvenation, remedy, renewal, renovation, repair, replace- back, fend off, fight off, foil, forbid, force back, forestall,
ment, restoral, restoration, revamping, salvage, service frustrate, fugare, keep at bay, make a stand against, op-
pose, parry, prevent, prohibit, push back, put to flight, re-
REPARATION (Indemnification), noun adjustment, buff, renounce, repellere, repercuss, repudiate, repulse, re-
amends, atonement, compensation, conscience money, sist, retrude, rout, scatter, spurn, stave off, strive against,
correction, damages, expiation, financial remuneration, in- throw off, thrust back, traverse, ward off, withstand
demnity, payment, peace offering, penalty, quittance, rec-
ompense, redress, reimbursement, relief, remedy, repay- REPENT, verb apologize, atone for, be conscience
ment, restitution, restoration, return, satisfactio, satisfaction, striken, be penitent, be sorry for, beg pardon, bemoan,
settlement, wergild bewail, cry over, deplore, do penance, expiate, feel contri-
tion, feel regret, feel remorse, grieve, have a guilty con-
REPAY, verb avenge, compensate, get even, give back, science, have qualms, humble oneself, lament, make
give in exchange, indemnify, make amends, make pay- amends, make up for, mourn, pay the penalty, plead guilty,
ment, make reparation, make requital, make restitution, recant, redress, reform, regret, remember with sorrow, rue,
pay back, pay in kind, punish, rebate, reciprocate, recom- show regret for, think better of, weep over
pense, reddere, refund, reimburse, remunerate, replace,
reponere, requite, restore, retaliate, return, revenge, re- REPENTANT, adjective apologetic, atoning, compunc-
ward, satisfy, square accounts tious, confessing, conscience-smitten, conscience-stricken,
contrite, full of regrets, humble, lamenting, paenitens,
REPEAL, verb abolish, abrogare, abrogate, annul, avoid, penitent, penitential, reclaimed, reformative, reformatory,
cancel, countermand, declare null and void, delete, elimi- reformed, regretful, regretting, remorseful, rueful, self-
nate, formally withdraw, invalidate, make void, negate, abasing, self-accusatory, self-condemnatory, self-convicted,
nullify, obliterate, officially withdraw, override, overrule, self-denouncing, self-reproachful, self-reproving, sorrowful,
quash, recall, render invalid, rescind, rescindere, retract, sorry, weeping
reverse, revoke, set aside, vacate, void, withdraw
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: repeal a bylaw, repeal a law, repeal a REPERCUSSION, noun backfire, backlash, blast, coun-
statute, repeal by implication teraction, echo, explosion, force, impact, reaction, re-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Leges posteriores priores contrarias ab- bound, reciprocal action, recoil, reflection, reflex, report,
rogant. Subsequent laws repeal prior laws that are repug- response, retroaction, reverberation, ricochet, shock
nant to them. Jura eodem modo destituuntur quo consti-
tuuntur. Laws are abrogated by the same means by which REPETITION, noun consistency, copy, duplication, iter-
they are enacted. ation, over and over, recitation, redo, reduplication, re-
hearsal, reiteration, renewal, repeating, replay, reprise, re-
REPEAT (Do again), verb backslide, copy, do over, production, rerun, with frequency
duplicate, give an encore, imitate, ingeminate, iterare, per-
sist, reconstruct, re-create, recur, redo, reduplicate, reen- REPETITIOUS, adjective duplicative, echoic, echoing,
act, regenerate, reinstitute, relapse, remake, renew, repli- harping, incessant, invariable, monotonous, pleonastic,
cate, reproduce, resume, retrace, return, revert pleonastical, recapitulatory, recurrent, recurring, redundant,
reduplicative, reechoed, reiterant, reiterative, repeated, re-
REPEAT (State again), verb chant, drum, dwell on, peating, repetitional, repetitionary, repetitive, stale, tedious
echo, emphasize, harp on, insist upon, iterate, paraphrase,
parrot, quote, read back, reaffirm, reassert, recapitulate, REPLACE, verb act for, alternate, change, commute,
recite, recount, rehash, reiterate, relate, rephrase, report, compensate, cover for, depute, deputize, duplicate, ex-
restate, retell, review, reword, run over, say again, say change, fill in for, interchange, make amends, pay back, put
over, sum up, summarize, tell again, tell over, utter again back, refund, reimburse, reinstall, reinstate, repay, reponere,
represent, restitute, stand for, subrogate, substituere, substi-
REPEATED, adjective common, commonplace, con- tute, succeed, supersede, supplant, supply an equivalent,
suetudinal, consuetudinary, copied, customary, done again, surrogate, swap, switch, symbolize, understudy, vary
done over, duplicated, echoed, everyday, frequent, habit-
ual, imitated, incessant, monotonous, multiple, para- REPLACEMENT, noun alternate, alternative, change,
phrased, periodic, persistent, recited, recurrent, recurring, commutation, compensation, counterfeit, delegate, deputy,

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dislocation, displacement, envoy, equivalent, exchange, fill release, renuntiatio, revelation, review, saga, specification,
in, interchange, makeshift, proxy, reclamation, reconstitu- statement, summary, talk, tidings, ventilation
tion, reconstruction, recovery, refund, reinstatement, relief, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accident report, grand jury report
removal, renewal, renovation, reorganization, reparation,
representative, reproduction, restitution, restoration, sec- REPORT (Rumor), noun bruit, fama, gossip, grapevine,
ond, secondary, shift, stand in, subrogation, substitute, hearsay, hint, intimation, scuttlebutt, talk, tattle, uncon-
substitution, successor, supersedure, supersession, supplan- firmed report, unverified news, whisper
tation, supplanter, surrogate, surrogation, swap, switch,
temporary expedient, transfer, transposition, understudy REPORT (Disclose), verb acquaint, adferre, advise, air,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: replacement cost announce, annunciate, apprise, broadcast, bruit, circulate
publicly, communicate, declare, deliver information, de-
REPLENISH, verb build up, complete, contribute, de- scribe, detail, disseminate, divulgate, divulge, enlighten,
posit, enrich, fill, fill in, fill up, furnish, give, make complete, expose, expound, express, give an account of, give the
make full, make up, make up a lack, make whole, present, facts, herald, impart, inform, make an announcement, make
provender, provide, provision, purvey, recharge, refill, re- known, mention, notify, outline, proclaim, promulgate,
fresh, refuel, reload, renew, replace, replere, restock, resup- publish, recite, recount, referre, renuntiare, report, reveal,
ply, saturate, stock, store, supplement, supplere, supply, set forth, speak about, specify, state, tell, testify to, unmask,
supply deficiencies voice, write up

REPLETE, adjective abounding, abundant, affluent, REPORT (Present oneself), verb announce one’s pres-
ample, bounteous, bountiful, brimfull, brimming, chock- ence, answer, answer a summons, appear, appear for duty,
full, closely packed, cloyed, complete, completely full, arrive, attend, be at hand, be in attendance, check in, come,
copious, crammed, crammed solid, filled, filled to reple- comparere, fulfill an engagement, meet, put in an appear-
tion, flush, fraught, full, fully supplied, gorged, jam- ance, reveal oneself, show oneself
packed, jammed, laden, lavish, loaded, luxurious, over-
flowing, packed, plenitudinous, plenteous, plentiful, REPOSE (Place), verb deposit, establish, fix, invest,
plethoric, pregnant, profuse, refilled, replenished, rife, sa- lodge, plant, put, reposit, set, settle, store, vest in
tiated, satisfied, saturated, stocked, stuffed, surfeited,
teeming, well-provided, well-stocked REPOSE (Rest), verb be calm, be serene, be tranquil,
compose oneself, lie down, recline, relax, rest, settle,
REPLEVIN, noun acquisition, action to recover personal sleep, slumber
chattels, action to recover personal property, action to re-
gain possessions, action to regain property, action to revert REPOSITORY, noun arsenal, bank, bursary, cache, chest,
ownership, articles of commerce, assets, backslide, belong- coffer, conservatory, container, depository, depot, garner,
ings, chattels, delivery back, reclamation, recoupment, promptuary, receptacle, receptaculum, reservatory, reser-
recovery, recovery of property, redelivery, redemption, voir, safe, storehouse, storeroom, treasurehouse, treasury,
repossession, retaking, retrieval, salvage, writ of replevin warehouse
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bailment, conversion, detinue, ex de-
licto, in specie, personal replevin, replenish bond, replevin REPOSSESS, verb capture, foreclose, obtain again, reac-
bond, trover quire, recall, recapture, reclaim, recoup, recover, redeem,
regain, replevy, retrieve, secure, seize, take back, take pos-
REPLICATE, verb clone, copy, copycat, counterfeit, du- session of
plicate, fake, forge, imitate, mimic, reconstruct, re-create, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: attachment, security interest
redo, reduplicate, reiterate, remake, render, renew, repeat,
reprise, reproduce, simulate REPREHEND, verb accuse, admonish, animadvert, be-
rate, betongue, blame, bring to book, call down, call to
REPLY, noun answer, counterstatement, reaction, rebut- account, cast blame upon, castigate, censure, charge, chas-
tal, reciprocation, rejoinder, remonstrance, replication, re- tise, chide, condemn, correct, criticize, decry, denounce,
sponse, responsio, responsum, retort, return, surrebuttal disapprove, dress down, expostulate, exprobate, find fault
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: reply brief, sham reply, surreply with, impeach, impugn, increpate, lash, lay blame upon,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Ambigua responsio contra proferentem lecture, object, objurgate, protest, punish, rate, rebuke,
est accipienda. An ambiguous answer is to be taken recriminate, reprehendere, reprimand, reproach, reprobate,
against him who offers it. reprove, run down, scold, slate, take exception, take to
task, trounce, upbraid, voice disapproval
REPLY, verb acknowledge, answer, come back at, con-
fute, counter, make rejoinder, parry, react, rebut, refute, re- REPREHENSIBLE, adjective accusable, bad, base,
join, respond, respondere, retort, return, riposte, surrebut, blamable, blameful, blameworthy, censurable, chargeable,
surrejoin condemnable, convictable, criminal, culpa dignus, culpa-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: reply to a counterclaim, reply to new ble, delinquent, deserving censure, deserving reproof,
matter contained in an answer, surreply discreditable, disgraceful, disgusting, dishonorable, dis-
reputable, evil, exceptionable, flagitious, flagrant, foul,
REPORT (Detailed account), noun account, address, guilty, hateful, heinous, horrendous, ignoble, illaudable,
article, brief, broadcast, bulletin, chronicle, communication, immoral, impeachable, incorrigible, indefensible, inexcus-
criticism, description, digest, disclosure, dissemination, able, inexpiable, infamous, iniquitous, monstrous, naughty,
exposition, history, information, intelligence, manifesto, nefarious, objectionable, obnoxious, odious, offensive,
message, minute, narration, news, news story, note, no- open to criticism, opprobrious, peccable, peccant, rebuk-
tice, notification, proclamation, propagation, recapitula- able, recreant, reprehendendus, reproachable, reprobate,
tion, recital, recitation, record, recounting, relatio, relation, reprovable, shameful, shocking, sinful, uncommendable,

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unjustifiable, unpardonable, unprincipled, unrighteous, un- temporary relief, temporary suspension of the execution of
worthy, vicious, villainous, wicked, wrong a sentence, withdrawal of a sentence
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: executive reprieve, judicial reprieve,
REPRESENT (Portray), verb adumbrate, characterize, pardon
connote, delineate, denote, depict, designate, evoke, ex-
emplify, exprimere, illustrate, image, indicate, mean, out- REPRIMAND, noun admonishment, admonition, ani-
line, picture, show, signify, stand for, symbolize, typify madversion, blame, castigation, censure, chiding, condem-
nation, correction, criticism, denunciation, derogation, dis-
REPRESENT (Substitute), verb act, act as broker, act as approbation, disapproval, displeasure, dispraise, dressing
delegate, act for, act in place of, act on behalf of, act vicari- down, exception, exprobration, improbation, increpation,
ously, appear for, be ambassador for, be an agent for, be at- jobation, lecture, objection, objurgation, rating, rebuke,
torney for, be deputy for, be proxy for, be spokesman for, fac- remonstrance, reprehensio, reprehension, reproach, repro-
tor, replace, speak for, stand in the place of, take the part of bation, reproof, reproval, revilement, scolding, sermon,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: agency, represent a client’s interests, sharp censure, sharp words, stricture, trimming, upbraid-
represent a defendant, represent a principal ing, vituperatio, warning
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: reprimand issued by the grievance
REPRESENTATION (Action of acting for others), noun committee of the bar association
acting as attorney for, advocacy, agency, agentship, body
of delegates, body of deputies, deputation, rendering legal REPRIMAND, verb accuse, admonish, animadvert on,
advice, rendering legal assistance, speaking for another, asperse, berate, blame, call to account, call to task, casti-
substitution, supplying another’s place gate, censure formally, chastise, chide, condemn, cor-
rect, criminate, decry, denounce, deprecate, disapprove,
REPRESENTATION (Statement), noun account, assertion discommend, disparage, dispraise, dress down, execrate,
of facts, asseveration, declaration, depiction, description, exprobrate, find fault, flay, fulminate against, impeach, im-
effigies, explanation, illustration, imago, indication, narra- pugn, inveigh against, lash, lecture, objurgate, rail at, rant,
tion, narrative, portraiture, portrayal, presentation, relation, rebuke, recriminate, remonstrate, reprehend, reprehendere,
report, setting forth reproach, reprobate, reprove, revile, run down, scold,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: false representation, material repre- thunder against, trounce, upbraid, vilify, vilipend, vituper-
sentation, misrepresentation, public representation are, vituperate, warn
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: reprimand by the grievance committee
REPRESENTATIVE, adjective acting, adumbrative, agen-
tial, characteristic, connotative, delegated, denotative, de- REPRISAL, noun avengement, counterattack, counter-
pictive, deputative, deputed, distinctive, emblematic, ex- blast, counterplot, counterstroke, desert, disciplinary ac-
emplary, faithful, figurative, graphic, graphical, illustrational, tion, discipline, due, due punishment, getting even, mea-
illustrative, indicative, indicatory, representational, sample, sure for measure, nemesis, penalty, punishment, punition,
standard, symbolic, symbolical, typical, typifying punitive action, reaction, reciprocation, repayment, re-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: representative action, representative quital, retaliation, retribution, retributive justice, return, re-
capacity, representative suit venge, revengefulness, talion, vendetta, vengeance,
vengefulness, vindictiveness
REPRESENTATIVE (Example), noun exemplar, model,
paragon, sample, specimen, symbol, typical example, typi- REPROACH, noun accusation, animadversion, blame,
cal instance castigation, censure, chastisement, chiding, complaint,
condemnation, contempt, contumelia, contumely, correc-
REPRESENTATIVE (Proxy), noun agent, barrister, broker, tion, degradation, denouncement, denunciation, deroga-
counsel, delegate, deputy, emissary, envoy, go-between, tion, disapprobation, disapproval, discredit, disgrace, dis-
lawyer, messenger, middle man, solicitor, spokesman, sub- honor, disparagement, disrepute, dressing down,
stitute, substitution, trustee, vicarius exprobration, exprobratio, impeachment, increpation, in-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: lawful representative, legal repre- crimination, inculpation, indignity, jobation, objection, ob-
sentative jurgation, obloquy, opprobrium, probrum, rating, rebuke,
reprehension, reprimand, reprobation, reproof, revilement,
REPRESS, verb allay, bottle up, bridle, censor, check, scolding, shame, sharp criticism, slur, stigma, taint, tarnish,
choke, comprimere, control, cork, crush, curb, damp, upbraiding, vilification
dampen, deaden, domineer, dull, enchain, gag, hinder,
hobble, hold back, hold in, hush, inhibit, keep down, keep REPROACH, verb abuse, accuse, admonish, animad-
in, keep in check, keep under control, kill, leash, limit, mas- vert, asperse, berate, blame, brand, call to account, casti-
ter, muffle, mute, muzzle, opprimere, overbear, overcome, gate, censure, chide, complain, condemn, criminate, criti-
overmaster, overpower, pen up, press back, prohibit, put cize, decry, defame, denounce, denunciate, deprecate,
down, quell, quench, quiet, reduce to subjection, rein in, disapprove, discredit, disgrace, dishonor, disparage, exco-
restrain, restrict, seal up, shackle, silence, smother, squash, riate, express displeasure, exprobrate, find fault with, flay,
stay, stifle, still, strangle, subdue, subjugate, suffocate, sup- frown upon, increpate, increpitare, incriminate, inculpate,
press, trammel, vanquish, withhold incusare, inveigh against, lecture, malign, objurgate, pro-
test against, put to shame, rail at, rant at, rebuke, repre-
REPRIEVE, noun day of grace, deferment, delay, delay hend, reprimand, reprobate, reprove, revile, scold, slate,
in execution, delay in punishment, dispensation, interval of speak ill of, take to task, tax, tongue lash, traduce, upbraid,
ease, moratorium, pause, postponement, postponement of vilify, vilipend, vituperate
penalty, quittance, respite, respite from impending punish-
ment, stay, stay of execution, stop, suspension of execu- REPROBATE, adjective accusable, bad, base, blame-
tion, suspension of punishment, temporary escape, worthy, corrupt, criminal, culpable, degenerate, depraved,

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disgusting, disreputable, dissolute, evil-minded, facino- contradictory, contrary, different, disagreeing, discordant,
rous, felonious, flagitious, flagrant, hardened, heinous, im- hostile, inaccordant, incongruous, inconsistent, inharmoni-
moral, incorrigible, infamous, iniquitous, irreclaimable, ir- ous, inimical, irreconcilable, jarring, opposed, opposing,
redeemable, irreverent, knavish, lost, morally abandoned, unconformable
naughty, nefarious, obdurate, peccant, perditus, profligate, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: repugnant to the Constitution
profligatus, rascally, recidivous, recreant, roguish, shame-
less, sinful, unconscionable, unprincipled, unregenerate, REPULSE, verb beat back, beat off, chase, check, coun-
unrighteous, vicious, vile, vitiated, wicked, worthless teract, countervail, defeat, dispel, drive away, drive back,
eschew, fend off, frustrate, gainsay, grapple with, hinder,
REPRODUCE, verb beget, breed, bring forth, conceive, impede, keep at bay, make a stand, obstruct, oppose, op-
copy, create, do again, double, duplicate, engender, father, pugn, overthrow, propulsare, push back, put to flight, re-
fecundate, fructify, generate, give birth to, imitate, make buff, reject, repel, repellere, repercuss, repudiate, resist,
again, manifold, mirror, multiply, parallel, portray, procreate, retrude, rout, scorn, send away, shun, snub, spurn, stem,
progenerate, proliferate, propagate, rebuild, reconstitute, throw back, thwart, turn away, ward off, withstand
reconstruct, re-create, redo, reduplicate, refashion, reform,
regignere, remake, renew, repeat, replicate, sire, spawn REPULSIVE, adjective abhorrent, abominable, appall-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: copyright, reproduce a record on ap- ing, arousing aversion, beastly, contemptible, despicable,
peal detestable, dirty, disagreeable, disgusting, disliked, dis-
pleasing, distasteful, dreadful, execrable, fearful, feculent,
REPROOF, noun admonishment, admonition, animad- filthy, foedus, forbidding, foul, frightful, ghastly, grim,
version, aspersion, berating, blame, castigation, censure, grisly, gross, hateful, hideous, horrible, horrid, horrifying,
charge, condemnation, contempt, criticism, denuncia- insufferable, loathsome, misshapen, monstrous, nasty, nau-
tion, depreciation, derogation, diatribe, disapprobation, seating, nauseous, noisome, noxious, objectionable, ob-
discipline, disparagement, execration, expostulation, noxious, obscene, odiosus, odious, offensive, rank, repel-
exprobration, impeachment, objection, objurgation, oblo- lent, repelling, repugnant, revolting, rotten, shocking,
quy, rebuff, rebuke, reprehension, reprimand, reproach, sickening, sloppy, squalid, ugly, unbearable, unclean, unin-
reprobation, reproval, revilement, scolding, upbraiding viting, unpalatable, unpleasant, unprepossessing, unsa-
vory, unsightly, vile
REPUDIATE, verb abandon, abdicate, abjure, abnegate,
abolish, abrogate, cancel, change sides, contradict, contra- REPUTABLE, adjective acclaimed, celebrated, consci-
vene, countermand, declare null and void, decline, default, entious, creditable, dependable, dignified, distinguished,
demur, deny, disallow, disannul, disavow, disbar, discard, eminent, esteemed, estimable, ethical, faithful, famed,
disclaim, dishonor, dissent, dissolve, exclude, forswear, ne- held in esteem, held in good repute, high-principled, hon-
gate, neglect, nullify, override, overrule, proscribe, protest, est, honestus, honorable, honored, illustrious, incorrupt-
recant, refuse to accept, refuse to acknowledge, reicere, re- ible, known, meritorious, moral, noble, notable, principled,
ject, renounce, repeal, repudiare, retract, reverse, revoke, set prominent, reliable, renowned, respectable, respected,
aside, spurn, withdraw revered, reverenced, righteous, scrupulous, trustworthy,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: repudiate a cause of action, repudiate uncorrupt, unimpeachable, upright, venerated, virtuous,
a contract well-known, well thought of, worthy

REPUDIATION, noun abjuration, abolition, abrogation, REPUTATION, noun acclaim, celebration, celebrity, con-
annulment, breach, cancellation, confutation, contradiction, sequence, credit, distinction, eminence, esteem, estimation,
counterorder, countermand, declination, defeasance, defec- fama, fame, famousness, glory, good name, illustriousness,
tion, denial, deposition, disaffirmation, disagreement, disal- importance, luster, mark, name, notability, note, notoriety,
lowance, disapproval, disavowal, disclaimer, disclamation, opinio, popular favor, position, position in society, prece-
disproof, disproval, dissent, dissociation, exclusion, forswear- dence, preeminence, prestige, prominence, rank, regard,
ing, negation, nonobservance, nullification, recantation, re- renown, report, repute, respect, respectability, standing, sta-
fusal, refutation, rejection, renouncement, renunciation, re- tion, status
peal, repellence, rescission, retractation, retraction, reversal, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: character witness, reputation evidence
revocation, setting aside, veto, voidance, withdrawal
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: repudiation of a contract REPUTED, adjective accepted by general opinion, ac-
cepted by public opinion, asserted, assumed, concluded,
REPUGNANCE, noun abhorrence, abomination, allergy, considered, declared, deduced, deemed, held out as, imag-
antipathy, aversion, disapproval, disfavor, disinclination, dis- ined to be, implied, inferred, insinuated, judged to be,
like, displeasure, distaste, execration, hate, hatred, horror, known to be, maintained as, perceived as, presumed as,
loathing, loss of appetite, nausea, repulsion, revulsion presupposed to be, proposed to be, propounded to be,
purported, putative, regarded as, supposed, understood to
REPUGNANT (Exciting aversion), adjective abhorrent, be
abominable, detestable, disagreeable, disgustful, disgust- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: reputed owner
ing, disliked, displeasing, distasteful, diversus, forbidding,
fulsome, hateful, inedible, insufferable, loathsome, nauseat- REPUTEDLY, adverb according to general belief, ac-
ing, noisome, objectionable, obnoxious, odious, offending, cording to reputation, allegedly, assumedly, assumptively,
offensive, out of favor, painful, repellent, repelling, repug- presumably, reportedly, rumored, seemingly, supposedly
nans, repulsive, revolting, unacceptable, unappetizing,
undesirable, unpalatable, unpleasant, unpopular, unsavory REQUEST, noun appeal, application, asking, begging,
behest, beseechment, bid, call, claim, demand, desidera-
REPUGNANT (Incompatible), adjective adverse, alien, tum, entreaty, exaction, expressed desire, impetration,
antagonistic, at odds, at variance, clashing, conflicting, imploration, importunity, insistence, invitation, invocation,

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motion, obsecration, order, petition, plea, postulatio, pos- breach of duty, certain dereliction, definite carelessness,
tulation, prayer, preces, proposal, requirement, requisition, doctrine of res ipsa loquitur, imprudence, irresponsibility,
rogatio, solicitation, suggestion, supplication, wish lack of attention, liability imposed for obvious responsibil-
ity, liability for sole and exclusive control, obvious and
REQUEST, verb adjure, appeal, apply for, ask for, certain negligence, the thing speaks for itself
beckon, beg for, beseech, bid, cadge, call for, canvass, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: negligence
claim, clamor for, command, cry for, demand, desire, dun,
enjoin, entreat, exact, impetrate, implorare, implore, im- RES JUDICATA, noun accommodated, adjudication,
portune, invite, make application, mendicate, nag, obse- adjusted, agreed, arranged, brought to termination, came
crare, obtest, order, petition, petition for, plead for, pray, to determination, concluded, decided, decision, decree,
put in for, require, requisition, rogare, seek, send for, solicit, determination, judgment, negotiated, resolved
sue for, summon, supplicate, urge, want
RESCIND, verb abolish, abrogare, abrogate, annul, call
REQUIRE (Compel), verb assess, call for, cause, coerce, back, cancel, countermand, counterorder, cut off, cut
command, constrain, decree, demand, dictate, direct, draft, short, declare null and void, disannul, discard, disestab-
drive, enact, enforce, enjoin, entail, exact, exigere, force, lish, dismiss, dissolve, do away with, end, erase, invali-
impose, insist on, issue a command, levy, make, necessi- date, negate, nullify, obliterate, override, overrule, quash,
tate, obligate, oblige, ordain, order, poscere, postulate, recall, recant, remove, render invalid, renege, renounce,
prescribe, requisition, subject, summon, tax repeal, repudiate, rescindere, retract, reverse, revoke, set
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: required by law aside, sweep aside, take back, vacate, void, wipe out,
withdraw
REQUIRE (Need), verb crave, demand, desiderare, de- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: rescind a contract, rescind an offer
sire, egere, fall short, feel the necessity for, have an insuffi-
ciency, lack, miss, necessitate, request, requirere, stand in RESCISION, noun abandonment, abjuration, abnega-
need of, want tion, abolishment, abolition, abrogation, annulment, can-
cellation, change of mind, countermand, counterorder,
REQUIREMENT, noun adjuration, behest, bidding, call, defeasance, deletion, destruction, disannulment, dis-
claim, command, commandment, compulsion, conscrip- avowal, disclaimer, dissolution, eradication, invalidation,
tion, constraint, decree, decretal, demand, dictate, direc- negation, nullification, overruling, overthrow, quashing,
tion, directive, edict, enforcement, enjoinment, essential, recall, recantation, renunciation, repeal, repudiation, re-
essential desideratum, exaction, exigency, extremity, fiat, scindment, retraction, reversal, revocation, revokement,
imperative, imposition, indispensable item, injunction, suspension, termination, vitiation, voidance, withdrawal
mandate, matter of necessity, must, necessitation, neces- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: rescision and restriction
sity, need, obligation, obsession, onus, order, precondition,
prerequisite, prescript, prescription, pressing concern, RESCUE, verb aid, deliver, disenthrall, disimprison,
pressure, proviso, regulation, request, requisite, requisi- emancipate, exsolvere, extricate, free, free from confine-
tion, rescript, responsibility, ruling, specification, ukase, ul- ment, free from danger, let escape, let out, liberare, liberate,
timatum, urgency, vital part, want, warrant manumit, preserve, ransom, recapture, reclaim, recover,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: requirement contract redeem, release, retake, retrieve, safeguard, salvage, save,
set free, set loose, take to safety, unbind, unchain, unfetter,
REQUISITE, adjective basic, binding, called for, compul- unloose, unshackle, untrammel
sory, crying, demanded, entailed, essential, exigent, expe- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: Good Samaritan laws, rescue doctrine
dient, imperative, important, in demand, incumbent on,
indispensable, ineluctable, inevasible, instant, mandatory, RESEARCH, noun analysis, careful search, close inquiry,
must, necessarius, necessary, necessitated, needed, need- eruditio, examination, experimentation, exploration, fact-
ful, obligatory, postulated, prerequisite, pressing, required, finding, indagation, inquest, inquiry, inquisition, inspection,
requisitory, urgent, vital, wanted investigation, observation, probe, pursuit, quest, question-
ing, reconnaissance, scrutiny, search, study, survey, testing
REQUISITION, noun application, behest, bidding, call, program
claim, compulsory acquisition, demand, direction, exac-
tion, forcible demand, formal request, indent, injunction, RESEARCH, verb analyze, burrow, chase after, check
levy, mandate, necessitation, necessity, need, order, peti- on, delve into, dissect, examine, experiment, explore, go in
tion, postulatio, request, requirement, requisite, want quest of, hunt, indagate, inquire, inspect, investigate, look
into, probe into, pry, pursue, pursue an inquiry, quest, read
REQUITAL, noun acknowledgment, compensare, com- up on, scan, scrutinize, search, seek, sleuth, study, test,
pensation, consideration, desert, emolument, guerdon, in- trace, track, unearth
demnification, indemnity, meed, pay, payment, quittance,
recompense, redress, remuneration, reparation, repay- RESEMBLANCE, noun affinity, agreement, alikeness,
ment, reprisal, requitement, restitution, retaliation, return, analogy, approximation, closeness, conformance, confor-
reward, satisfaction mity, correspondence, counterpart, ditto, double, duplica-
tion, effigy, equality, fascimile, fellow, homogeneity, iden-
REQUITEMENT, noun compensation, consideration, ticalness, identity, image, imitation, kinship, likeness,
indemnification, indemnity, payment, quittance, recom- match, mate, mold, parallel, parity, reflection, replica, rep-
pense, redress, remuneration, reparation, repayment, re- resentation, reproduction, sameness, selfsameness, sem-
quital, restitution, restoration, satisfaction blance, similarity, similitude, similitudo, type, uniformity

RES IPSA LOQUITUR, noun automatic lack of due RESEMBLE, verb appear like, approximate, bear re-
diligence, automatic negligence, automatic responsibility, semblance to, conform, copy, correspond, depict, double,

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duplicate, embolize, epitomize, equal, exemplify, imitate, currency, means to ensure solvency requirement, monetary
impersonate, intend, match, mean, parallel, reflect, repli- assets, money in the vault, protection against losses, sav-
cate, represent, reproduce, stand for, symbolize, typify ings of currency, vault cash
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bank failures, posting of reserves, set-
RESENT, verb be angry, be indignant, be insulted, be tling of reserves, solvency
offended, be piqued, be provoked, be revengeful, be
vengeful, be vexed, bear malice, bridle, bristle, chafe, dis- RESERVOIR, noun cache, depository, fund, hoard, in-
like, express annoyance, express ill will, feel annoyance, ventory, pool, resource, source, stock, stockpile, store
feel displeasure, feel hurt, feel ill will, feel resentment, find
intolerable, harbor a grudge, hate, moleste ferre, show in- RESIDE, verb abide, be located, be quartered, be situated,
dignation, take amiss, take exception to, take offense, take become a citizen, bide, domicile, domiciliate, dwell, establish
poorly, take umbrage, view with dissatisfaction oneself, habitare, have an address, incolere, indwell, inhabit,
inhabitare, live, live at, lodge, occupy, remain, settle, sojourn,
RESENTFUL, adjective acrimonious, angry, bitter, bris- squat, stay, take up abode, take up residence, tarry, tenant
tling, choleric, churlish, discontented, displeased, distrustful,
embittered, envious, furious, galled, grouchy, grudging, RESIDENCE, noun abode, accommodations, address,
grumpy, huffy, hurt, ill-disposed, implacable, in a huff, in high billet, commorance, commorancy, domicile, domiciliation,
dudgeon, indignant, infuriated, iracundus, jealous, malevo- domicilium, domus, dwelling, habitancy, habitat, habita-
lent, malicious, malignant, miffed, mistrustful, moody, of- tion, home, housing, inhabitancy, inhabitation, living place,
fended, outraged, pained, peevish, piqued, querulous, resen- living quarters, lodgings, lodgment, place, place of resi-
tive, revengeful, sore, spiteful, splenetic, sulky, sullen, surly, dence, quarters, residency, sedes
suspicious, touchy, umbrageous, unforgiving, up in arms, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: domicile, legal residence, residency
vengeful, venomous, vindictive, waspish requirement

RESENTMENT, noun acrimony, affront, anger, animosity, RESIDENT, noun addressee, boarder, burgess, denizen,
animus, antagonism, bile, bitterness, choler, dander, disaffec- dweller, habitant, habitator, indweller, inhabitant, inhabiter,
tion, discontent, displeasure, dissatisfaction, dudgeon, en- inmate, lodger, native, occupant, occupier, oppidan, residen-
mity, envy, fury, gall, grudge, hatred, huff, ill will, indignation, tiary, resider, settler, sojourner, tenant, townsman, villager
ira, ire, jealousy, malice, malignity, offense, pique, rankling,
resentfulness, soreness, spite, spleen, stomachus, umbrage, RESIDENTIAL, adjective domestic, domiciliary, fit for
vengefulness, venom, vindictiveness, wounded pride, wrath habitation, home, household, inhabited, living, not com-
mercial, not public, occupied, private
RESERVATION (Condition), noun exceptio, exception, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: residential area, residential property,
exemption, limitation, provision, proviso, qualification, residential purposes, residential use
requisite, restriction, salvo, saving clause, specification,
stipulation RESIDUAL, noun balance, excess, leftover, remainder,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: conditional contracts, reservation con- remains, residuary, residue, residuum, surplus
tained in acceptance, reservation contained in grant, reser-
vation in deed, reservation in insurance policy RESIDUARY, adjective excess, excessive, left over, out-
standing, remaining, residual, resultant, spare, surplus,
RESERVATION (Engagement), noun booking, preen- unspent
gagement, promise to set aside, registration, retaining, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: residuary bequest, residuary clause,
retainment, retention, saving, withholding residuary devise, residuary estate, residuary fund, residuary
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: reservation of interest, reservation of interest, residuary legacy, residuary legatee
life estate, reservation of rights, reservation of title
FOREIGN PHRASES: Quod sub certa forma concessum vel RESIGN, verb abandon, abdicate, abire, abjure, capitu-
reservatum est non trahitur ad valorem vel compensa- late, cease work, cede, cedere, demit, depart, deponere,
tionem. That which is granted or reserved under a certain desist from, disclaim, divest oneself of, drop out, forgo,
form cannot be twisted into a valuation or compensation. forsake, give notice, give up, leave, quit, reject, relinquish,
renounce, repudiate, retreat, stand aside, step down, sur-
RESERVE, noun assets, cache, conservation, copia, de- render, tender one’s resignation, vacate, withdraw, yield
pository, fund, means, provision, resource, resources, sav-
ings, stock, store, storehouse, supply RESIGNATION (Passive acceptance), noun acquies-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accumulated reserve, held in reserve, cence, animus submissus, capitulation, deference, docility,
insurance reserve, legal reserve, minimum reserves, pre- endurance, fatalism, forbearance, fortitude, lack of com-
mium reserve, reserve funds, reserve valve, reserved powers plaint, lack of resistance, longanimity, meekness, nonresis-
tance, obedience, passiveness, passivity, patience, sto-
RESERVE, verb accumulate, amass, bank, bespeak, icism, submission, submissiveness, sufferance, surrender,
cache, create a fund, deposit, earmark, except, garner, tolerance, toleration, yeilding
hide, hoard, hold, hold back, keep, keep back, keep in re-
serve, keep on hand, lay away, maintain, preselect, pre- RESIGNATION (Relinquishment), noun abandonment,
serve, put aside, reponere, retain, save, set apart, set aside, abdicatio, abdication, abjuration, abjurement, cession, de-
shelve, stock pile, store, store away, store up, withhold mission, departure, evacuation, forsaking, giving up, leaving,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: reserve an interest, reserve one’s quitting, renouncement, renunciation, retirement, secession,
rights surrender, termination, vacation, withdrawal, yielding
FOREIGN PHRASES: Resignatio est juris proprii spontanea
RESERVES, noun currency deposits, deposits in a bank, refutatio. Resignation is a spontaneous relinquishment of
funds to meet the reserve requirements set, holdings of one’s own right.

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RESIGNED, adjective adapted, adjusted, agreeable, bid- RESOLVE (Decide), verb arrive at a conclusion, arrive at
dable, defeatist, easily managed, enduring, forbearant, for- a decision, ascertain, be firm, be settled in opinion, come to
bearing, long-suffering, manageable, meek, nonresistant, a determination, constituere, decernere, determine, devote
passive, patient, reconciled, resistless, stoic, stoical, submis- oneself to, fix in purpose, make a choice, make a decision,
sive, surrendered, tame, tolerant, tractable, unassertive, make up one’s mind, plan, propose, purpose, settle on by
uncomplaining, unrepining, unresisting, willing, yielding deliberate will, settle upon, take a stand, will

RESILIENT, adjective able to endure, adaptable, adaptive, RESOLVE (Solve), verb clarify, clear up, decipher, disen-
adjustable, bendable, bouncing, buoyant, durable, elastic, tangle, dispel misunderstanding, elucidate, enucleate, fig-
flexible, flexile, jaunty, malleable, mollis, pliable, pliant, re- ure out, find a solution, find the answer, hit upon a solution,
coiling, responsive, responsive to change, rubbery, sequa- illuminate, interpret, make clear, make plain, provide the
cious, spongy, sprightly, springy, strong, tractable, wiry, answer, remove misunderstanding, reveal, reveal the an-
yielding swer, shed light upon, throw light upon, understand, un-
ravel, unscramble, untangle
RESIST (Oppose), verb assail, assault, bar, beat back,
block, breast, check, combat, confront, contradict, contra- RESOLVED, adjective absolutely set, bent, bound, cer-
vene, counter, counteract, cross, defy, dissent, fight, hinder, tain, concluded, decided, decisive, determined, earnest,
impugn, make a stand against, obstruct, offer resistance, firm, inflexible, intent, intransigent, persistent, pertinacious,
oppugn, parry, prevent, protest, rebel, rebuff, recalcitrate, positive, purposeful, resolute, serious, set, single-minded,
refuse to yield, reluctate, repel, repulse, retaliate, rival, stead, stubborn, unfaltering, unrelenting, vehement, willful
stem, stop, strike, strike back, strive against, thwart
FOREIGN PHRASES: Error qui non resistitur approbatur. An RESORT, verb administer, adopt, apply, avail oneself of,
error which is not resisted or opposed is waived. bring into play, call forth, employ, enlist, exercise, fall back
upon, have recourse, look to, make use of, practice, press
RESIST (Withstand), verb be immune, be strong, be into service, put to use, try, turn to for help, turn to for sup-
unsusceptible, bear, bear up, challenge, continue, cope port, use, utilize
with, disregard, endure, fend off, hold off, hold out, hold
up, last, maintain, persevere, persist, prevail against, refuse RESOUNDING, adjective absolute, booming, certain,
to submit, remain, stand, stand fast, stand firm, stand up to, clear, decided, definite, echoing, emphatic, explicit, forceful,
stay, tolerate, weather incontestable, incontrovertible, intensive, loud, marked, over-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: resisting arrest whelming, pealing, positive, rebounding, repercussive, re-
verberant, reverberating, reverberatory, rich, ringing, sono-
RESISTANCE, noun antagonism, assault, attack, battle, rous, sounding, strong, thunderous, undisputed, vigorous
blocking, check, combat, confrontation, contention, contra-
riety, contrariness, contravention, contumacy, counterac- RESOURCE, noun accumulation, asset, available means,
tion, defiance, disobedience, fight, hindrance, immunity, capital, contrivance, dependence, device, essential, estate,
imperviousness, insubordination, insurgence, insurrection, expedient, facultates, fund, income, instrument, material,
interference, mutiny, noncompliance, nonconformance, means, property, provision, reserve, reserve fund, resort,
obstinacy, obstruction, oppugnance, oppugnation, protest, revenue, source, stock, stock in trade, store, supply, sup-
rebellion, rebuff, recalcitrance, recusancy, refusal, reluc- port, tool, wealth, wherewithal
tance, renitence, repugnance, repulsion, revolt, revolution,
sedition, stand, strife, strike, struggle, unalterableness, un- RESOURCEFUL, adjective able, able to meet situa-
susceptibility, unwillingness, unyieldingness, uprising, tions, accomplished, adroit, apt, artful, bright, callidus,
withstanding capable, clever, competent, conversant, crafty, creative,
cunning, deft, dexterous, efficient, endowed, enterpris-
RESOLUTE, adjective adamant, bent, constans, con- ing, experienced, facile, felicitous, fertile, gifted, habile,
stant, decided, determined, diligent, dogged, earnest, handy, imaginative, ingeniosus, ingenious, inventive,
faithful, firm, firmus, fixed, fortis, immutable, indefatigable, original, practiced, prepared, proficient, sagacious, sharp,
indomitable, industrious, inexorable, inflexible, intent upon, shrewd, skillful, smart, sollers, talented, trained, venture-
intransigent, obdurate, obstinate, persevering, persistent, some, versatile
pertinacious, purposeful, relentless, resolved, sedulous,
serious, set, settled, stanch, steadfast, steady, strong- RESOURCES, noun capabilities, expedients, fortune,
willed, stubborn, tenacious, unalterable, unbending, un- instruments, means, measures, method, mode, recourse,
changing, uncompromising, undaunted, undeviating, un- stock, stockpile, store, stratagem, substance, supplies, sup-
faltering, unflinching, unrelenting, unshaken, unswerving, port, system, tools, wealth, worth
untiring, unwavering, unyielding, vigorous, zealous
RESPECT, noun admiration, adoration, appreciation,
RESOLUTION (Decision), noun application, constancy, approbation, approval, attention, awe, civility, commenda-
decretum, determination, earnestness, firmness, indefati- tion, consideration, courtesy, courtliness, credit, deference,
gability, intention, obduracy, obstinacy, perseverance, per- devoirs, dignity, esteem, estimation, etiquette, favor, good
sistence, purpose, resoluteness, resolve, scitum, sententia, manners, good will, homage, honor, humbleness, humility,
spunk, staying power, steadfastness, steadiness, tenacity, idolization, laudation, note, obeisance, observantia, ova-
will, will power, zealotry tion, polite regard, politeness, praise, prestige, recognition,
regard, repute, reverence, testimonial, tribute, veneration,
RESOLUTION (Formal statement), noun declaration, worship, worth
deliverance, formal expression, plan, presentation, pro-
nouncement, proposal, proposition, statement, written RESPECTFULLY, adverb compliantly, courteously, deco-
announcement rously, deferentially, dutifully, humbly, obediently, politely,

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regardfully, reverenter, reverently, submissively, summisse, RESPONSIBLE (Liable), adjective accountable, answer-
unassumingly, verecunde, with all respect, with compliance, able, dependable, dutiful, legally accountable, legally obli-
with deference, with due deference, with due respect, with gated, legitimate, liable, obligated, trustworthy
the highest respect
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: respectfully submitted to the court RESPONSIVE, adjective accessible, active, acute, ad-
missive, alert, alive, answering, communicative, discerning,
RESPECTIVELY, adverb apiece, each, each in turn, in keen, perceptive, prudent, reacting, reactive, receptive,
turn, independently, individually, one at a time, one by reciprocative, rejoining, replying, respondent, sensible,
one, separately, severally, singly sensitive, sentient, sharp, susceptible
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: responsive answers, responsive pleading
RESPITE (Interval of rest), noun abeyance, break, breath-
ing spell, breathing time, cessation, halt, interim, interlude, REST (Be supported by), verb couch, lay, lean, lie,
intermediate time, intermission, interruption, lapse, letup, lounge, perch, prop, recline, squat
lull, pause, recess, relaxation, rest, spell, stay, stop, suspen-
sion, temporary stoppage, wait REST (Cease from action), verb abstain, be at ease, be
peaceful, be quiet, be still, be tranquil, calm down, cease,
RESPITE (Reprieve), noun acquittal, amnesty, clearance, come to a standstill, desist, discontinue, end, halt, idle,
deliverance, discharge, exemption, grace, immunity, par- keep quiet, lounge, pause, recess, relax, repose, retire,
don, release, stay of execution settle, stand still, stay, stop, stop work, take a break, take
time out, terminate
RESPOND, verb acknowledge, answer, counterclaim,
debate, discuss, exchange opinions, explain, give an REST (End a legal case), verb cease to litigate, complete
answer, join issue, make a rejoinder, parry, plead, provide prosecution, conclude proceeding, end the introduction of
an answer, react, rebut, rejoin, reply, retort, return an evidence, end the presentation of evidence, finish litiga-
answer tion, submit the case, terminate a trial
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: rest a case
RESPONDEAT SUPERIOR, noun employer responsibil-
ity, employer responsibility for the acts of another, em- RESTATE, verb construe, copy, duplicate, echo, eluci-
ployer/employee responsibility, imposition of vicarious lia- date, explain, go over, go over the same ground, iterate,
bility, master-servant rule, responsibility of a principal for paraphrase, parrot, plagiarize, reaffirm, reassert, recapitu-
the acts of an employee late, recite, recount, rehash, reiterate, repeat, rephrase,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: agency relationship, best interests of restate, retell, review, reword, run over, say over again,
employer, course of employment, general authority, mas- summarize, sum up, tautologize
ter-servant rule, principal and agent, within the scope of
employment RESTATEMENT, noun abridgment, abstract, brief, com-
pendium, condensation, conlectio, conspectus, digest,
RESPONDENT, noun answerer, appellant, corespon- enumeratio, epitome, explanation, going over, iteration,
dent, defendant, party answering a summons or bill, replier, paraphrase, reaffirmation, reassertion, recapitulation, re-
responder cital, recountal, recounting, rehash, reiteration, repetition,
rephrasing, replay, retelling, review, rewording, summary,
RESPONSE, noun acknowledgment, answer, antiphon, synopsis, translation
countercharge, counterstatement, explanation, plea, reac-
tion, rebuttal, rejoinder, replication, reply, respondence, RESTITUTE, verb adjust, compensate, give back, honor
responsal, retort, return, riposte, surrebutter, surrejoinder a claim, indemnify, make amends, recompense, recoup,
recuperate, redeem, redress, refund, reimburse, relinquish,
RESPONSIBILITY (Accountability), noun accountable- remit, remunerate, repay, replace, restore, reward, settle
ness, amenability, answerability, bounden duty, bound-
ness, burden, chargeability, commitment, compulsion, RESTITUTION, noun adjustment, amends, atonement,
culpability, duty, encumbrance, engagement, imperative compensation, damages, emolument, expiation, giving
duty, liability, obligation, obligatoriness, pledge, prom- back, indemnification, paying back, payment, quittance,
ise, rationem rei, subjection to, that which is owing rebate, reclamation, recompense, recoupment, recovery,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: diminished responsibility reddition, redemption, redress, refund, reimbursement,
reinstatement, remitter, remuneration, reparation, repay-
RESPONSIBILITY (Conscience), noun claims of con- ment, replacement, requital, requitement, restoration, re-
science, compunction, conscientiousness, dependability, trieval, return, reversion, satisfaction, settlement
ethical judgment, faithfulness, feeling of obligation, incor- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: order of restitution, partial restitution,
ruptibility, inviolability, inward monitor, moral conscious- quantum meruit, writ of restitution
ness, moral faculty, moral obligation, moral sense, morality, FOREIGN PHRASES: In restitutionibus benignissima inter-
scruples, scrupulousness, sense of duty, sense of obliga- pretatio facienda est. The most favorable construction is
tion, sense of right and wrong, stability, trustworthiness, to be adopted in restitutions.
unperfidiousness, untreacherousness, uprightness
RESTIVE, adjective averse, balking, balky, cantanker-
RESPONSIBLE (Dependable), adjective accountable, an- ous, contumacious, crossgrained, crotchety, deaf to reason,
swerable, assailable, at fault, blamable, blameworthy, demurring, difficult, discontented, disinclined, disobedient,
chargeable, culpable, guilty, indebted, negligent, obligated, exceptious, excitable, excited, fidgety, fractious, fretful,
obliged, reckless grumpy, headstrong, humorsome, ill at ease, impatient, in-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: duty, responsible cause, responsible corrigible, inflexible, insubordinate, insurgent, intractable,
party intransigent, irreconcilable, lawless, loath, moody, mulish,

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mutinous, obdurate, obstinate, on edge, out of sorts, peevish, RESTRICT, verb astrict, bar, bind, bound, bridle, cage,
perverse, pervicacious, rebellious, recalcitrant, recusant, re- censor, chain, check, circumscribe, circumscribere, cloister,
fractory, reluctant, renitent, resentful, resisting control, res- coercere, confine, constrain, control, coop, cramp, curb,
tiff, restless, revolutionary, seditious, skittish, splenetic, debar, define, delimit, delimitate, demarcate, diminish,
stickling, stubborn, sulky, sullen, unaccommodating, un- disallow, enchain, encumber, entrammel, exclude, fetter,
complaisant, uncompliant, uncomplying, unconsenting, forbid, frustrate, hamper, handcuff, handicap, hedge in,
uncontrollable, uneasy, ungovernable, unmanageable, un- hem in, hobble, hold back, immure, inhibit, interdict, keep
quiet, unrestful, unruly, unsettled, unsubmissive, unwilling, within limits, limit, localize, manacle, modify, muzzle, nar-
unyielding, wayward, willful row, obstruct, pen, pin down, pinion, preclude, prevent,
prohibit, proscribe, put under restraint, qualify, reduce, re-
RESTORE (Renew), verb ameliorate, amend, correct, press, restrain, restringe, secure, shackle, shut out, special-
cure, doctor up, energize, fix, heal, improve, make better, ize, stifle, stop, suppress, taboo, tether, tie up, trammel,
make whole, meliorate, mend, patch, patch up, put in veto, wall in
order, put in repair, put right, reanimate, rearrange, rebuild, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: restricted allotment, restricted assets
recondition, reconstitute, reconstruct, re-create, rectify,
redintegrate, redo, refashion, refit, reform, refresh, regen- RESTRICTED (Confidential), adjective close, confined,
erate, rehabilitate, reinvigorate, rejuvenate, remake, rem- exclusive, intimate, inviolate, irrevealable, personal, pri-
edy, remodel, renovate, reorganize, repair, restitute, resus- vate, privy, reserved, secret
citate, retouch, revive, revivify
RESTRICTED (Limited), adjective burdensome, condi-
RESTORE (Return), verb atone, bring back, give back, tional, confining, contingent, cumbrous, defining, definite,
hand back, indemnify, make amends, make good, make definitive, dependent, exact, exceptional, exclusive, hin-
reparation, make restitution, put back, recompense, re- dering, impeditive, inhibitive, interdictive, limitative,
coup, reddere, redeem, redress, reestablish, referre, refund, local, narrow, onerous, partial, precise, prohibitive, pro-
reimburse, reinstall, reinstate, reinvest with, remit, render hibitory, proscriptive, provisional, qualified, qualifying,
up, repay, replace, revest, satisfy, send back regional, repressive, restrictive, restringent, specific, sup-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: restore to one’s former position, re- pressive
stored to possession ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: restricted covenant, restricted en-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Reddere, nil aliud est quam acceptum dorsement, restrictive condition
restituere seu reddere est quasi retro dare, et redditur
dicitur a redeundo quia retro it. To render is nothing RESTRICTION, noun angustiae, bonds, boundary,
more than to restore that which has been received or to bounds, check, circumscription, condition, confinement,
render is as it were to give back, and it is called “rendering” constraint, constriction, containment, curb, demarcation,
from “returning,” because it goes back again. distinction, finis, impediment, interdiction, limitation,
modus, obligation, prohibition, qualification, regulation, res-
RESTRAIN, verb arrest, bar, bind, blockade, bridle, call a ervation, restraint
halt, check, confine, constrain, contain, control, cramp, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: restriction on alienation
curb, curtail, debar, delimit, deprive of liberty, detain, deter,
disallow, discountenance, enchain, enclose, enjoin, fasten, RESTRICTIVE, adjective circumscriptive, clannish,
fetter, forbid, govern, hamper, handcuff, handicap, harness, cliquish, conditional, contingent, defining, deterrent, exclu-
hinder, hold, hold back, hold in check, hold in custody, im- sive, hindering, impeditive, inflexible, interdictive, interdic-
mure, impound, imprison, incarcerate, inhibit, interdict, jail, tory, limitary, limitative, limiting, modificatory, modifying,
keep, keep under control, keep within bounds, limit, lock narrow, preclusive, preventative, preventive, prohibition-
up, manacle, moderate, obstruct, oppose, prevent, pro- ary, prohibitive, prohibitory, proscriptive, provisional, pro-
hibit, proscribe, quell, repress, reprimere, restrict, retinere, visory, qualifying, repressive, restraining, select, selective,
shackle, stifle, stop, subdue, subjugate, suppress, take into stiff, straitlaced, suppressive
custody, take prisoner, tenere, tie, trammel, vanquish, wall ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: restrictive covenant, restrictive en-
in, withhold dorsement, restrictive interpretation, restrictive provisions,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: restraining order, restraining statute restrictive title
FOREIGN PHRASES: Exempla illustrant non restrigunt legem.
Examples illustrate but do not restrain the law. RESULT, noun aftermath, conclusion, consequence,
consequentia, decision, denouement, determination, de-
RESTRAINT, noun arrest, ban, bar, barricade, blockade, velopment, effect, end, eventuality, exitus, finding, fructus,
bondage, brake, bridle, captivity, caution, censure, check, fruit, fruition, harvest, judgment, outcome, outgrowth, out-
circumscription, confinement, constraint, containment, con- put, product, resolution, resultant, termination, turnout,
trol, curb, custody, damper, deprivation of liberty, detention, upshot, verdict, yield
determent, deterrence, deterrent, disallowance, discipline,
dissuasion, durance, embargo, forbearance, forbiddance, RESULT, verb accrue, arise, be due to, be the effect, be
guardianship, hamper, hindrance, holdback, impediment, the outcome, come forth, come from, conclude, consequi,
impedimentum, imprisonment, incarceration, inhibition, in- derive from, develop, emanate, emerge, end, ensue, evenire,
junction, interception, interference, limitation, moderatio, eventuate, fieri, flow, follow, issue, originate, proceed, pro-
moderation, obstacle, obstruction, opposition, prevention, ceed from, redound, rise, spring, terminate, turn out
prohibition, proscription, repression, reserve, restriction, re- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: causation, direct result, necessary
tardation, self-control, self-denial, servitude, shackle, slavery, result, probable result, proximate result, result in damages
stay, stop, stoppage, suppression, taboo, temperance, veto suffered
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: combination in restraint of trade, con-
spiracy in restraint of trade, prior restraint, restraint on RESUME, verb advance, begin again, carry on, continue,
alienation follow, forge ahead, get a fresh start, go on, move ahead,

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proceed, progress, pursue, recolere, recommence, renew, RETARD (Slow up), verb brake, check, crawl, dawdle,
repetere, return to, start afresh, start again, start forward decelerate, hamper, hinder, inhibit, interfere, linger, move
again, take up again slowly, slow down

RESUMPTION, noun continuance, fresh start, new RETENTION, noun conservatio, constraint, control, cus-
beginning, recommencement, recrudescence, reentry, todianship, grasp, hold, holding action, holding power,
reinstatement, renewal, reopening, reprise, resurgence, keeping, memory, possessio, reservation, restraint, retain-
resurrection, return to normal, revival ment, retentio, tenacity
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: retention of benefits
RESURGENCE, noun come back, fresh spurt, new en-
ergy, reanimation, reappearance, rebirth, recovery, recu- RETICENT, adjective cautious, concise, confidential, con-
peration, recurrence, reestablishment, regeneration, regen- strained, detached, distant, evasive, guarded, laconic, mute,
esis, rejuvenation, renaissance, renascence, renewal, noncommittal, recondite, remote, reserved, restrained, retir-
restoration, resumption, resurgence, resurrection, resusci- ing, secretive, sparing of words, standoffish, succinct, taciturn,
tation, reversion, revival, revivification uncommunicative, unobtrusive, unresponsive, withdrawn

RESURRECT, verb bring back, bring to, call back, reani- RETIRE (Conclude a career), verb abdicate, demit, drop
mate, rebuild, recall to life, recondition, regenerate, rein- out, give notice, give up office, give up work, leave, quit,
carnate, rejuvenate, rekindle, renew, reorganize, restore, relinquish, resign, stand aside, take leave, tender one’s
resuscitate, revitalize, revive, revivify resignation, vacate

RESUSCITATE, verb breath fresh life into, bring back to RETIRE (Retreat), verb abandon, abire, concedere, de-
life, cure, improve, reanimate, re-create, recuperate, rees- camp, depart, discharge, fall back, go back, leave, part,
tablish, refresh, regenerate, rehabilitate, reinvigorate, re- recede, recedere, remove, retrocede, seclude oneself, sepa-
kindle, remedy, renew, restore, restore to life, resurrect, rate oneself, shelve, take leave, turn in, vacate, withdraw
revivify, renovate, revitalize, revive
RETORT, verb answer, answer back, come back, counter,
RETAIL, adjective by the piece, commercial, engaged countercharge, counterclaim, make a rebuttal, parry, rebut,
in commerce, marketing, mercantile, singly rejoin, replicate, reply, requite, respond, respondere, return,
riposte, say in reply, snap back, surrebut, surrejoin
RETAIN (Employ), verb book, commission, contract for,
engage, enlist, give a job, hire, keep, keep in pay, maintain, RETRACE, verb copy, go over again, recall, reexamine,
put to work, recruit, reserve, secure regress, reminisce, repeat, return, revert, review, think
back upon, trace back, turn back
RETAIN (Keep in possession), verb bear in mind, call up,
cause to be remembered, cling to, clutch, conservare, con- RETRACT, verb abandon, abnegate, bolt, deny, disaf-
tinue to hold, detain, grasp, have, hold, hold fast, hold in firm, disavow, disclaim, disown, forsake, forswear, gainsay,
possession, impress upon the memory, keep, keep hold of, negate, relinquish, remove, renounce, repeal, repudiate,
keep in mind, maintain, possess, preserve, put away, recall, revoke, spurn, take back, withdraw
recollect, remember, reserve, save, secure, sustain, tenere,
withhold RETRACTION, noun abjuration, abolishment, annul-
ment, cancellation, contradiction, countermand, counteror-
RETAINER, noun arrhabo, compensation, employment der, disannulment, disavowal, gainsaying, negation, nullifi-
fee, engaging fee, fee contingent on future legal services, cation, palinode, recall, recantation, recision, renunciation,
fee paid to secure legal services, income, payment, profes- repeal, repudiation, rescindment, retractation, reversal, re-
sional fee, recompense, remuneration, retaining fee vocation, taking back, unsaying, voidance, withdrawal
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: attorney’s retainer ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: retraction of erroneous or defamatory
statements
RETALIATE, verb answer back, avenge, counter, ex-
change blows, get back, get even, give measure for mea- RETREAT, verb abandon, back away, back out, back-
sure, match, pay back, rebut, reciprocate, repay, repay in track, bolt, decamp, depart, desert, disengage, draw back,
kind, requite, return, revenge, strike back, take retribution, ebb, escape, evacuate, fall back, fall to the rear, flee, fugere,
take revenge, take vengeance, ulcisci give way, go away, go back, leave, lose ground, make
oneself scarce, move back, pedem referre, pull back, quit,
RETALIATION, noun amends, compensation, counter- recede, recoil, regrade, remove oneself, retire, retrocede,
attack, counteroffensive, payback, punishment, reprisal, reverse, run away, rusticate, se recipere, seclude oneself,
requital, retribution, settlement, vengeance, wrath shrink, slip away, take flight, turn tail, vacate, withdraw

RETARD (Delay), verb check, countercheck, defer, de- RETRENCH, verb abridge, be economical, be frugal,
tain, ease off, hamper, hinder, hold up, impede, inhibit, in- circumcidere, clip, confine, contrahere, curtail, cut, cut
terfere, procrastinate, stall, stem down, cut short, decrease, deduct, delete, diminish, econo-
mize, lessen, limit, lop, pare, pinch, practice economy,
RETARD (Obstruct), verb arrest, bar, block, check, clog, prune, reduce, reduce expenses, remove, shorten, sub-
condemn, constrict, control, cramp, curb, debar, diminish, duct, subtract, sumptus minuere
disadvantage, discontinue, encumber, entrammel, hamper,
hinder, hold up, impede, inhibit, intercept, interfere, inter- RETRIBUTION, noun amends, atonement, avenge-
pose, interrupt, occlude, preclude, prevent, thwart, tram- ment, compensation, counterstroke, desert, due, indemni-
mel, withstand fication, justice, measure for measure, nemesis, payment,

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penalty, poena, punishment, punitive action, reciprocation, information, give out, grant, impart, indicate, inform, make
reparation, repayment, reprisal, requital, requitement, re- known, make public, make publicly known, manifest, men-
taliation, retributive justice, return, revenge, reward, satis- tion, notify, open, patefacere, promulgate, publish, set right,
faction, vengeance, vengefulness, vindictiveness tell, uncloak, uncover, uncurtain, undeceive, unearth, unfold,
unmask, unseal, unshroud, unveil, utter, vent, verify, voice
RETRIEVE, verb get back, reacquire, recapture, reclaim, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: disclosure of grand jury secrets, disclo-
recollect, recoup, recover, recruit, redeem, regain, repos- sure of secret, scientific information
sess, repurchase, rescue, retake
REVENGE, noun avengement, counterblast, counter-
RETROACTIVE, adjective affecting the past, beginning stroke, desert, feud, implacability, nemesis, punishment,
before, commencing before, effective before, having prior punitive action, quittance, reciprocation, repayment, repri-
application, having prior effect, operational before, starting sal, requital, retaliation, retaliatory punishment, retribution,
before, taking effect before retributive punishment, revengefulness, satisfaction, ultio,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: ex post facto, retroactive effect vendetta, vengeance, vengefulness, vindicta, vindictive-
ness
RETROACTIVE APPLICATION, noun imposition of a
statute retroactively, posthoc application of a law, retroac- REVENUE, noun compensation, dividends, earnings,
tivity in mitius, statutory application after the fact emolument, gain, hire, income, intake, interest, livelihood,
pay, payment, perquisites, proceeds, profit, receipts, rec-
RETROCEDE (Abate), verb close, decline, decrease, di- ompense, reditus, remuneration, return, reward, salary,
minish, drop, dwindle, ebb, fall back, recede, relent, retire, vectigal, wages, yield
retreat, slacken, subside, taper, wane, weaken, withdraw, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: appropriation law, internal revenue,
yield revenue bills, revenue law, revenue-producing income,
revenue tax
RETROCEDE (Cede back), verb cast, cast off, cede off,
depart with, give back, give off, regress, retrograde, retro- REVERE, verb admire, adore, adulate, apotheosize,
gress, shed canonize, deify, delight in, dignify, done on, esteem, exalt,
extol, glorify, honor, idealize, idolize, laud, lionize, love,
RETROSPECT, noun afterthought, contemplation of the magnify, praise, regard, respect, venerate, worship
past, hindsight, looking back, memory, recall, recapitula-
tion, recollection, reconsideration, reexamination, remem- REVERSAL, noun abolishment, abolition, about-face, ab-
brance, rememoration, reminiscence, respectus, retentive rogation, annulment, backslide, cancellation, change, change
memory, review, survey, thoughts of the past of mind, check, countermandment, counterorder, disavowal,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: ex post facto invalidation, inversion, nonapproval, nullification, overriding,
overruling, overthrowing, rebuff, rebuke, recantation, rejec-
RETRY, verb another trial, do once again, do over from tion, renouncement, renunciation, repeal, repudiation, re-
the outset, mistrial, new trial, redo, repeat, replicate, re- scission, retraction, reversion, revocation, revokement, tergi-
present, revise, start over, try once again versation, turnabout, undoing, voidance, voiding
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: reversal of a lower court’s decision
RETURN (Go back), verb backslide, come again, come
back, double back, reappear, rebound, recidivate, redire, REVERSE, verb abrogate, alter, annul, backtrack, can-
reenter, reestablish, relapse, resume, retrace one’s steps, cel, change, contradict, counteract, counterman, disap-
retreat, retrograde, reverse direction, revert, reverti, revisit prove, do a 180 degree turnaround, do an about-face,
interchange, invalidate, invert, negate, overturn, rebuke,
RETURN (Refund), verb compensate, give back, indem- recant, repeal, rescind, retract, revert, revoke, strike, strike
nify, make compensation, make good, make reparation, down, switch, tergiversate, turn around, turn over, undo,
make restitution, pay back, reddere, reimburse, repay, re- upset, void
store, satisfy, settle
REVERSION (Act of returning), noun about-face, back-
RETURN (Respond), verb acknowledge, answer, answer slide, recidivism, regress, regression, relapse, retroaction,
back, counter, countercharge, exchange, field questions, retrocession, retrogradation, retrogression, retroversion,
give an answer, interchange, make a rebuttal, make a re- return, reversal, reverse, reverting, throwback, turnabout,
joinder, make acknowledgment, react, rebut, reciprocate, turnaround
recriminate, rejoin, reply, respondere, retaliate, retort, ri-
poste, say in reply, surrebut, surrejoin REVERSION (Remainder of an estate), noun future in-
terest, future possession, hereditas, remainder over, resi-
REVAMP, verb alter, change, fix, improve, make over, due, right of future enjoyment, right of future possession,
metapmorphose, modify, recast, redo, refashion, reform, right of succession
regenerate, remake, remodel, repair, revamp, revise, revo- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: equitable reversion, life estate, partial
lutionize, rework, touch up, transfigure, transform, trans- reversion, reversionary interest, right of reversion
mute, update, vary
REVERSION RIGHTS, noun automatic reversionary
REVEAL, verb acknowledge, admit, advise, affirm, an- rights, retroaction, retroversion, reversal of rights, rever-
nounce, apprise, bare, blazon, blurt out, break the news, sionary interest, reverting
bring to light, bruit, circulate, communicate, concede, con-
fess, confide, confirm, debunk, declare, describe, disabuse, REVERT, verb backslide, change back, lapse, recede,
disclose, display, disseminate, divulgate, divulge, enlighten, recoil, regress, retreat, retrograde, retrogress, retrovert,
evince, evulgare, evulgate, explain, expose, give inside return, reverse, turn back

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REVIEW (Critical evaluation), noun account, analysis, ap- resumption, resurgence, resurrection, resuscitation, return,
praisal, comment, commentary, critical article, critical discus- revivification, reviviscence, vivification
sion, criticism, critique, editorial, essay, exposition, report ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: abatement and revival, revival of a
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: law review cause of action

REVIEW (Official reexamination), noun investigation, REVIVE, verb freshen, reanimate, reawaken, recharge,
judicial reconsideration, recapitulation, reconsideration, re- re-create, refresh, regenerate, rejuvenate, rekindle, renew,
inquiry, scrutiny, second examination, study, survey repair, restore, resurrect, resuscitate, revitalize, revivify, re-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: administrative review, judicial review, wake
scope of review ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: revive an action

REVIEW, verb abstract, analyze, brood over, check thor- REVOCABLE, adjective cancellable, changeable, er-
oughly, comment upon, contemplari, criticize, critique, ratic, inconstant, refundable, transformable, transitional,
deliberate, describe, digest, epitomize, examine, explain, uncertain, unreliable, unsettled, unstable, varying, waver-
go over, inspect, inspicere, interpret, investigate, look over, ing
make corrections, make improvements, mull over, notice
critically, overlook, recapitulate, recheck, reconsider, reex- REVOCATION, noun abolishment, abolition, abrogatio,
amine, rehearse, reiterate, remember, restate briefly, retell, abrogation, annulment, cancellation, canceling, counter-
retrace, revise, reword, run over, scrutinize, skim, study, mand, counterorder, defeasance, disavowal, disownment,
sum up, summarize, survey, view retrospectively, weigh invalidation, negation, nullification, recall, recantation, re-
cission, renouncement, repeal, repudiation, rescindment,
REVILE, verb abuse, admonish, assail, berate, beset, retractation, retraction, reversal, revocatio, revokement,
blame, castigate, censure, chide, condemn, criticize, de- revoking, vacatur, withdrawal
fame, demean, denigrate, denounce, disparage, impugn, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: dependent relative revocation, ex-
lambaste, lecture, malign, reproach, scold press revocation, implied revocation, power of revocation,
presumption of revocation, revocation of a contract, revo-
REVILEMENT, noun abuse, affront, animadversion, as- cation of a license, revocation of a will
persion, berating, billingsgate, bitter words, castigation, FOREIGN PHRASES: Non refert verbis an factis fit revocatio.
censure, condemnation, contumely, criticism, cursing, de- It matters not whether a revocation is made by words or by
nunciation, depreciation, detraction, diatribe, discommen- acts. Quod inconsulto fecimus, consultius revocemus.
dation, disparagement, execration, exprobration, increpa- That which we have done without due consideration, we
tion, insult, invective, maledictio, malediction, objurgation, should revoke upon further consideration.
obloquy, opprobrium, philippic, reprehension, reproach,
reprobation, reproof, stricture, tirade, traducement, up- REVOKE, verb abjure, abolish, abrogare, abrogate, annul,
braiding, verbal abuse, vilification, vituperation cancel, countermand, counterorder, declare null and void,
disannul, discard, disclaim, dismiss, dissolve, expunge, in-
REVISE, verb alter, amend, bring up to date, change, validate, make void, negate, nullify, override, prohibit, quash,
correct, develop, doctor, edit, examine, exchange, im- recall, recant, remove, renege, renounce, renuntiare, repeal,
prove, modify, overhaul, polish, recast, reconsider, recon- repudiate, rescind, rescindere, retract, reverse, revert, sup-
struct, rectify, redact, reexamine, remold, retractare, re- press, suspend, vacate, vitiate, void, wipe out, withdraw
vamp, review, rework, rewrite, touch up, work over ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: dependent relative revocation, revoke
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: revise a statute a license, revoke a will

REVISION (Corrected version), noun corrected edition, REVOLT, noun agitation, apostasy, change of sides,
current edition, emendatio, improved version, improve- contrariety, counteraction, defection, defectio, defiance,
ment, new edition, rescript, revised edition, rewrite, up- desertion, disobedience, dissension, faithlessness, incon-
dated version stancy, insubordination, insurgency, insurrection, motus,
mutiny, noncompliance, opposition, outbreak, overthrow,
REVISION (Process of correcting), noun alteration, overturn, political upheaval, rebellion, recalcitrance, resis-
change, correcting, editing, elaboration, overhauling, recti- tance, revolution, rising, secession, seditio, sedition, strife,
fication, refining, reform, removal of errors, restyling, re- strike, subversion, tergiversation, tumultus, uprising
view, revisal, rewriting
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: law revision commission, revision of a REVOLUTION, noun anarchy, débâcle, general upris-
statute ing, insurrection, lawlessness, outbreak, overthrow, over-
throw of authority, overturn of authority, overturn of gov-
REVITALIZE, verb freshen, make over, overhaul, re- ernment, political upheaval, public uprising, rebellion,
charge, recondition, re-create, redesign, redevelop, re- resistance to government, revolt, sweeping change, tu-
fresh, refurbish, regenerate, rejuvenate, renew, replenish, mult, turbulence, upheaval, uprising, violent change
restore, resurrect, resuscitate, revise, revivify
REVULSION, noun abhorrence, abomination, allergy,
REVIVAL, noun awakening, comeback, convalescence, antipathy, averseness, aversion, contempt, disapproval,
freshening, improvement, invigoration, new version, pal- dislike, displeasure, distaste, execration, hate, hatred, hor-
ingenesis, phoenix, quickening, reanimation, reappear- ror, loathing, nausea, odium, repugnance, repulsion
ance, reawakening, rebirth, reclamation, recovery, re-
creation, recuperation, recurrence, redintegration, REWARD, noun acknowledgment, award, benefit,
reestablishment, refreshment, regeneracy, regeneration, bonus, booty, bounty, compensation, consideration, dona-
regenesis, reincarnation, rejuvenation, rejuvenescence, tion, emolument, fee, gift, grant, gratuity, guerdon, hono-
renaissance, renascence, renewal, reproduction, restoration, rarium, incentive, indemnification, indemnity, meed, pay,

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payment, perquisite, praemium proponere, premium, pre- RIFT (Disagreement), noun argument, break, clash, con-
sentation, prize, purse, quittance, recognition, recom- tention, controversy, difference, disceptation, dispute, es-
pense, remembrance, remuneration, requital, requitement, trangement, fight, misunderstanding, parting, split, variance
return, solatium, tip, tribute
RIFT (Gap), noun aperture, breach, break, chasm, chink,
REWRITE, verb amend, bring up to date, change, copy, cleft, crack, cranny, crevice, disjunction, fault, fissure, frac-
correct, edit, emend, improve, improve upon, make correc- ture, gash, hiatus, interstice, opening, parting, rent, rima,
tions, make improvements, modify, overhaul, recast, re-cre- rupture, scissure, separation, split
ate, rectify, redraft, refine, reform, remold, revamp, revise,
rework RIGHT (Correct), adjective aboveboard, accurate, equi-
table, ethical, fair, honest, honorable, in accordance with
RHETORIC (Insincere language), noun affectation, artifi- duty, in accordance with justice, in accordance with moral-
cial eloquence, bombastic speech, declamation, euphuism, ity, in accordance with truth, legitimate, reasonable, righ-
grandiloquence, grandiosity, inflated language, loftiness, teous, rightful, scrupulous, truthful, unswerving, upright,
magniloquence, pomposity, pompous speech, pompous- upstanding, valid, veracious, virtuous
ness, pretension, pretentiousness
RIGHT (Direct), adjective absolute, exact, immediate,
RHETORIC (Skilled speech), noun address, allocution, straight, straightaway, straightforward, undeviating, un-
appeal, ars dicendi, art of composition, art of discourse, art swerving
of prose, command of words, compositional skill, delivery,
diction, discourse, elocution, eloquence, exhortation, ex- RIGHT (Suitable), adjective accepted, admissible, al-
pression, flowery language, forensic oratory, language, lowable, appropriate, apt, conventional, customary, fit, fit-
oratory, parlance, phraseology, phrasing, public speaking, ting, orderly, perfect, proper, reasonable, recognized, sat-
recitation, rhetorica, science of oratory, speech-making, isfactory, seemly, suitable, valid, virtuous, well-done,
wording well-performed, well-regulated

RICH (Affluent), adjective comfortable, moneyed, opu- RIGHT (Entitlement), noun authority, authorization, due,
lent, pecunious, prosperous, successful, wealthy, well-off, fair claim, heritage, inalienable interest, ius, iusta, just
well provided for, well-to-do claim, justification, legal claim, legal power, legal title, own-
ership, power, prerogative, privilege, sanction, stake, title,
RICH (Plentiful), adjective abundant, ample, bounte- vested interest, warrant
ous, bountiful, copious, elaborate, eloquent, fecund, fertile, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: absolute right, accrued rights, Bill of
fruitful, full, generous, lavish, lush, luxuriant, magnificent, Rights, claim of right, color of right, constitutional right,
plenteous, prodigal, productive, profuse, prolific, replete, contingent right, established right, exclusive right, future
resounding, savory, strong, well-provided right, inchoate right, incorporeal right, inherent right, marital
rights, material rights, mineral rights, natural rights, permis-
RID, verb banish, clean, clear, clear out, deliver, disal- sive right, preemptive right, preferential right, prescriptive
low, disburden, discharge, disencumber, divest, eject, right, prima facie right, proprietary right, prospective right,
eliminate, emancipate, enfranchise, exit, expel, extermi- reciprocal rights, right of action, right of entry, right of pri-
nate, extirpate, free, get rid of, leave, liberate, loose, vacy, right of redemption, right of way, right to bear arms,
loosen, manumit, release, relieve, relinquish, rescue, scour, right to counsel, right to jury trial, right to vote, right-to-
snuff out, spring, terminate, unbind, unburden, uncage, work laws, riparian rights, substantive right, vested rights
unchain, unfetter FOREIGN PHRASES: Assignatus utitur jure auctoris. An as-
signee is clothed with the right of his principal. Nul char-
RIDER, noun accompaniment, addendum, additament, ter, nul vente, ne nul done vault perpetualment, si le
addition, additional clause, adjunct, affix, amendment, ap- donor n’est seise al temps de contracts de deux droits,
pendage, appendant, appendix, appurtenance, attach- sc. del droit de possession et del droit de propertie. No
ment, augmentation, complement, continuation, endorse- grant, no sale, no gift, is valid forever, unless the donor at
ment, extension, insertion, postscript, subjunction, the time of contract has two rights, namely, the right of
subscript, supplement possession and the right of property. Non videtur vim fa-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: codicil, rider to a contract cere qui jure suo utitur et ordinaria actione experitur.
He is not considered to use force who exercises his own
RIDICULE, noun buffoonery, burlesque, caricature, right and proceeds by ordinary action. Nemo plus juris ad
chaff, contempt, derision, derisiveness, disdain, disparage- alienum transferre potest quam ipse habet. No one can
ment, disrespect, game, gibe, jeer, lampoonery, ludicrous transfer to another any greater right than he himself has.
representation, mimicry, mockery, pasquinade, raillery, Cui jus est donandi, eidem et vendendi et concedendi
ridiculum, sarcasm, satire, scorn, scornful imitation, sneer, jus est. He who has the right to give has also the right to
sniggering, sport, squib, taunt, travesty sell and to grant. L’ou le ley done chose, la ceo done
remedie a vener a ceo. Where the law gives a right, it
RIFE, adjective abundant, accustomed, bristling, catho- gives a remedy to recover. Ubi jus, ibi remedium. Where
lic, common, considerable, crowded, current, customary, there is a right, there is a remedy. Non debeo melioris
dense, dominant, endless, epidemic, extensive, far-reach- conditionis esse, quam auctor meus a quo jus in me
ing, galore, general, manifold, many, multitudinous, nu- transit. I ought not to be in better condition than he to
merous, pandemic, plenteous, plentiful, popular, popu- whose rights I succeed. Nemo potest plus juris ad alium
lous, predominant, prevailing, prevalent, profuse, rampant, transferre quam ipse habet. No one can transfer a greater
regnant, reigning, replete, swarming, teeming, thick, un- right to another than he himself has. Jus publicum priva-
ending, universal, usual, well-supplied, widespread, torum pactis mutari non potest. A public right cannot be
worldwide changed by agreement of private persons. Nullus jus

568
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alienum forisfacere potest. No man can forfeit the right RIGHT TO PRIVACY, noun constitutional right to pri-
of another. Neminem laedit qui jure suo utitur. He who vacy, inalienable right to secretiveness, prerogative in favor
stands on his own rights injures no one. Cujus est in- of privacy, privilege in favor of privacy, right to privacy,
stituere, ejus est abrogare. Whose right it is to institute right to solitude
anything, may also abrogate it. Qui jure suo utitur, ne- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: civil liberties, genetic privacy, Internet
mini facit injuriam. One who exercises his legal rights, privacy, medical privacy, political privacy, privacy from
injures no one. Ignorantia juris sui non praejudicat juri. governmental interference
Ignorance of one’s right does not prejudice the right. Jus
triplex est,-propietatis, possessionis, et possibilitatis. RIGHT TO REMAIN SILENT, noun Fifth Amendment,
Right is threefold—of property, of possession, and of pos- privilege against self-incrimination, protection against
sibility. Nullus videtur dolo facere qui suo jure utitur. No self-incrimination, right to refrain from testifying against
one is considered to have committed a wrong who exer- oneself
cises his legal rights. Cuilibet licet juri pro se introducto ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: Miranda warnings
renunciare. Any one may wave the benefit of a legal right
that exists only for his protection. Qui prior est tempore RIGHTEOUS, adjective commendable, correct, credit-
potior est jure. He who is first in time is first in right. able, decent, decorous, distinguished, esteemed, ethical,
fair, guiltless, high-minded, honest, honorable, impartial,
RIGHT (Righteousness), noun correctness, due, duty, inoffensive, just, legitimate, noble, principled, proper, pure,
equitableness, equity, evenhanded justice, excellence, fair respectable, right, right-minded, seemly, true, truthful, up-
treatment, fairness, good actions, good behavior, goodness, right, virtuous
honor, integrity, justice, justness, merit, morality, morals, no-
bleness, principle, probity, propriety, rectitude, rectus, RIGHTFUL, adjective according to law, allowable, al-
straight course, truth, uprightness, verus, virtue, worthiness lowed, appropriate, authentic, authorized, becoming, befit-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Fiat justitia, ruat coelum. Let right be ting, chartered, constitutional, correct, deserved, due, enfran-
done, though the heavens fall. Ipsae leges cupiunt ut jure chised, equitable, fair, fitting, genuine, honest, inalienable,
regantur. The laws themselves are desirous of being gov- iustus, just, justifiable, lawful, legal, legalized, legitimate, licit,
erned by what is right. Jus et fraus nunquam cohabitant. meet, merited, ordained, permitted, prescriptive, privileged,
Right and fraud never dwell together. Jus naturale est proper, real, reasonable, right, sanctioned, seemly, square,
quod apud homines eandem habet potentiam. Natural statutory, suitable, true, valid, warranted, within the law
right is that which has the same force among all mankind.
Pacta privata juri publico derogare non possunt. Private RIGHT-MINDED, adjective angelic, correct, decent,
compacts cannot derogate from public right. Jus est norma decorous, ethical, fair, high-minded, honest, honorable, im-
recti; et quicquid estcontra normam recti est injuria. Law maculate, impartial, incorrupt, incorruptible, just, law-abid-
is the rule of right; and whatever is contrary to the rule of right ing, legitimate, lily-white, meritorious, moral, proper, pure,
is an injury. Lex est norma recti. Law is the rule of right. respectable, right, righteous, scrupulous, seemly, straight,
Quid sit jus, et in quo consistit injuria, legis est definire. true, upright, virtuous
What constitutes right, and what injury, it is the business of
the law to define. Jus ex injuria non oritur. A right does not RIGID, adjective austere, dour, durus, exact, exacting,
arise from a wrong. firm, firmly set, fixed, flinty, formal, hard, harsh, hidebound,
indurate, indurated, indurative, inelastic, inexorable, inflex-
RIGHT OF RECOVERY, noun ability to recover, action- ible, intractable, motionless, obdurate, obstinate, orthodox,
able claim, charge, ground to recovery, legitimate cause of precise, punctilious, puritanical, relentless, renitent, resis-
action, means to compensate a party, means to compen- tant, rigidus, rigorous, set, severe, severus, starched,
sate an aggrieved party, mechanism to compensate an in- starchy, static, steely, stern, stiff, stony, straitlaced, strict,
jured party, right to recover stringent, stubborn, taut, tense, tough, unadaptable, unal-
terable, unbending, uncompromising, unconformable, un-
RIGHT TO CONTROL, noun authority, control, discre- deviating, unmalleable, unmitigated, unmoving, unpliant,
tion, final determination, final say, force, power, preroga- unrelaxed, unrelenting, unyielding, wooden
tive, right to determine, right to determine one’s course,
right to settle issues RIGOR, noun accuracy, asperity, austerity, care, care-
fulness, conscientiousness, discipline, duritia, exactitude,
RIGHT TO COUNSEL, noun assistance of counsel, guar- exactness, firmness, force, freedom from deviation, inten-
anty to be represented, right of representation, right to sity, keenness, meticulousness, preciseness, precision, re-
consult an attorney, right to legal assistance, Sixth lentlessness, rigidity, rigidness, rigorousness, scrupulous-
Amendment ness, severitas, sharpness, sternness, strictness, stringency,
tenacity, uncompromisingness, unyieldingness
RIGHT TO DIE, noun choosing time of one’s death,
choosing to die, denial of life support, refusal of extraordi- RIGOROUS, adjective arduous, backbreaking, burden-
nary means to prolong life, right to reject medical treat- some, demanding, difficult, exacting, formidable, hard,
ment to prolong life heavy, inflexible, intense, intransigent, laborious, merciless,
Generally: choice to die, prerogative to die obdurate, onerous, rough, severe, strict, taxing, time-con-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: living will suming, tough, trying, uncompromising

RIGHT TO LIFE, noun advocate, against abortion, anti- RIOT, noun affray, bedlam, brawl, breach of the peace,
abortion, diametrically opposed to abortion, in favor of life, broil, commotion, confusion, disorder, disorderliness, dis-
in opposition to abortion, pro-life advocate turbance, ferment, fracas, fray, furor, hubbub, insurgence,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: abortion, capital punishment, euthana- insurrection, lawlessness, melee, outbreak, outburst, pan-
sia, partial birth abortion demonium, rebellion, revolt, row, rumpus, shindy, tumult,

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 RIPARIAN RIGHT

tumultus, turba, turmoil, unruliness, uprising, uproar, wild arising from it. Cujus est dominium ejus est periculum.
confusion He who has the ownership should bear the risk.
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: disturbing the peace, inciting a riot
RISK/REWARD ANALYSIS, noun answer, assay, assess-
RIPARIAN RIGHT, noun nonexclusive right to use ment, breakdown, categorization, deconstruction, determi-
water, reasonable use of water right, right to divert water, nation, diagnosis, dissection, evaluation, examination, in-
right to take water, right to use water, water right spection, investigation, scrutiny
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: common property right, usufructuary
right RITUAL BEHAVIOR, noun characteristic, convention,
custom, disposition, drill, fashion, form, formality, habit,
RIPE, adjective adult, advanced, brought to perfection, inclination, manner, mode, pattern, practice, proclivity, re-
complete, consummate, filled out, finished, fit, full, full- gime, regimen, rote, routine, set, style, tendency, tradition,
blown, full-grown, fully developed, fully grown, grown, ideal, way
mature, maturus, mellow, perfect, prepared, prime, primed,
ready, seasoned, tempestivus, usable, well-developed RIVAL, noun adversary, aemulus, antagonist, aspirant,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: ripe for adjudication bidder, candidate, challenger, combatant, competition,
competitor, contender, contestant, corrival, disputant,
RIPOSTE, noun banter, comeback, counter, counterat- enemy, entrant, foe, litigant, opponent, opposition
tack, defense, insult, put-down, reaction, rebuttal, refuta-
tion, rejoinder, repartee, replication, reply, response, retort, RIVALRY, noun battle, clash, collision, combat, com-
return, witticism petition, conflict, confrontation, contention, contest, con-
troversy, dispute, dissention, dogfight, duel, face-off,
RISE (Appreciation), noun accession, acclivity, accretion, match, quarrel, row, showdown, strife, struggle, war,
accrual, accumulation, addition, advance, advancement, warfare
amplification, appearance, appreciation, ascension, ascent,
augmentation, boom, climb, derivation, elevation, enhance- ROAD, noun access, approach, arterial, artery, avenue,
ment, enlargement, expansion, extension, gain, grade, boulevard, carriageway, drag, drive, expressway, highway,
gradient, growth, inception, increment, inflation, hill, in- means, method, pass, path, roadway, route, row, street,
crease, lift, progress, progression, promotion, propagation, thoroughfare, thruway, way
reaction, slope, uprising
ROB, verb appropriate illegally, burglarize, commit rob-
RISE (Origin), noun beginning, cause, commencement, bery, despoliare, exspoliare, hold up, loot, misappropriate,
debut, derivation, development, fountainhead, genesis, peculate, pilfer, pillage, plunder, purloin, seize, steal, take
germ, growth, inception, incipience, introduction, nascency, by force, take unlawful possession
onset, origin, origination, outset, overture, preamble, pref-
ace, prelude, prologue, source, spring, start, starting point, ROBBERY, noun depredation, felonious taking, feloni-
uprising, upswing ous taking of the property of another, holdup, larceny by
force, latrocinium, piracy, plundering, rapina, spoliatio,
RISE (Originate), verb arise, begin, come into existence, stealing, theft, thievery
come to be, emanate, emerge, happen, inaugurate, in-
crease, initiate, issue, occur, spring up RODOMONTADE, noun bluster, boastfulness, boasting,
brag, braggadocio, braggartism, bragging, bunkum, em-
RISE (Prosper), verb appreciate, arise, bear fruit, benefit, broidery, empty talk, exaggeration, extravagance, fanfaro-
be successful, blossom, build, excel, flourish, improve, in- nade, gasconade, hyperbole, inflation, jactitation, ostenta-
cept from, originate from, progress, spring from, strive, tion, pretense, pretension, pretentious talk, puffery, rant,
succeed swagger, swashbuckling, tall talk, turgescence, vainglorious
boasting, vainglory, vaporing
RISE (Soar), verb arise, ascend, bear fruit, blossom,
build, climb, elevate, emerge, erect, escalate, extend di- ROLE, noun act, assignment, billet, capacity, character,
rectly upward, flourish, go further, go higher, grow, characterization, department, false show, function, guise,
heighten, hover, improve, inaugurate, inflate, initiate, levi- impersonation, job, mission, part, partes, performance,
tate, mount, pullulate, raise, rear, rebel, rise up, scale, sur- place, pose, position, post, posture, presentation, pre-
mount, tower, transcend, uprise, wax tense, province, representation, sham, task, undertaking,
work
RISK, noun alea, bet, chance, danger, discrimen, en-
dangerment, exposure, exposure to harm, gamble, gam- ROLL, noun account, album, catalog, census, chroni-
ing, hazard, imperilment, insecurity, instability, jeopardy, cle, directory, docket, document, enumeration, index, in-
periculum, peril, plunge, possibility, possibility of injury, ventory, ledger, list, membership, muster, record, register,
possibility of loss, precariousness, speculation, stake, un- registry, roster, schedule, tabula
certainty, venture, vulnerability, wager
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: acceptance of risk, assumption of risk, ROLL-OVER CLAUSE, noun automatic renewal, auto-
extraordinary risk, forseeable risk, incurred risk, insurance matic renewal terms, automatic restoration, automatic re-
risk, limitation of risk, mutuality of risk, risk of loss, shifting sumption
of risk, unreasonable risk Generally: continuance, means to obtain the status quo
FOREIGN PHRASES: Periculum rei venditae, nondum tradi-
tae, est emptoris. The risk of a thing sold, but not yet de- ROOM (Area), noun accommodation, apartment, berth,
livered, is the purchaser’s. Ubi periculum ibi et lucrum booth, cabin, chamber, compartment, cubicle, location,
collocatur. He who risks a thing should receive the profits niche, place, space

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 RULING

ROOM (Latitude), noun capacity, compass, elbow formulation, law, legislation, maxim, order, ordinance,
room, freedom, latitude, leeway, means, method, opportu- praeceptum, praescriptum, precept, prescription, principle,
nity, play, range, scope, way regulation, standing order, statute, tenet
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: administrative rule, court rule, cy pres
ROOT, noun basis, bedrock, bottom, cornerstone, foot- rule, discriminatory rule, home rule, parol evidence rule,
ing, foundation, ground, groundwork, keystone, origin, rule against perpetuities, Rule in Shelley’s Case, rules of
origination, reason, root, seedbed, spring, underpinning, construction, rules of evidence, rules of procedure
warp, wellspring FOREIGN PHRASES: Ubi non est condendi auctoritas, ibi non
est parendi necessitas. Where there is no authority for
ROUGH, adjective bitter, brutal, burdensome, compli- establishing a rule, there is no need of obeying it. Exceptio
cated, cruel, difficult, excruciating, grievous, grim, hard, probat regulam de rebus non exceptis. The exception
hardhanded, onerous, oppressive, rugged, severe, tough, proves the rule in matters not excepted. Exceptio firmat
trying regulam in contrarium. An exception affirms the rule to
be the contrary. Non est certandum de regulis juris.
ROUSE, verb arise, arouse, awaken, get up, reawaken, There is no disputing about rules of the law. Regula est,
revive, rewake, rise, roll out, stir, turn out, uprise, wake juris quidem ignorantiam cuique nocere, facti vero ig-
norantiam non nocere. The rule is that a person’s igno-
ROUTE, noun access, approach, avenue, boulevard, rance of the law may prejudice him, but that his ignorance
course, means, method, path, road, row, thoroughfare, of fact will not. Non jus ex regula, sed regula ex jure. The
thruway, turnpike, way law does not arise from the rule, but the rule comes from
the law. Omnis regula suas patitur exceptiones. Every
ROUTINE, adjective accustomed, automatic, com- rule is subject to its own exceptions. Exceptio firmat regu-
mon, commonplace, conventional, customary, estab- lam in casibus non exceptis. An exception confirms the
lished, everyday, expected, familiar, fixed, frequent, gen- rule in cases not excepted.
eral, habitual, ingrained, mechanical, normal, popular,
prevalent, recurrent, recurring, regular, repeated, ritual, RULE (Decide), verb adjudge, adjudicate, ascertain,
set, standard, stereotyped, stock, uniform, usual, usus, come to a conclusion, come to a determination, conclude,
well-trodden decide by judicial sentence, declare, declare authorita-
tively, decree, deliver judgment, determine, draw a conclu-
RUBRIC (Authoritative rule), noun act, bylaw, canon, sion, establish, exercise judgment, find, fix conclusively,
code, convention, dictate, enactment, institution, law, leg- give an opinion, give judgment, hold, make a decision,
islation, measure, ordinance, precept, prescription, regula- make a resolution, pass judgment, pass sentence, pass
tion, rule, ruling, statute upon, pronounce, pronounce judgment, reach an official
decision, resolve, settle, settle by decree, umpire
RUBRIC (Title), noun caption, classification, denomina- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: rule from the bench
tion, designation, division, genus, grouping, head, head-
ing, headline, label, superscription RULE (Govern), verb administer, be in power, com-
mand, compel, conduct, control, decree, dictate, direct,
RUDE, adjective amateur, artless, backward, base, dispose, domineer, enact, enforce obedience, exercise
clumsy, contemptuous, crude, disdainful, immoral, imperti- authority, exert authority, give orders, guide, have au-
nent, inexpert, insolent, jerry-built, jerry-rigged, jury- thority, have control, have jurisdiction over, have pre-
rigged, low, primeval, primitive, primordial, rough, rough- dominating influence, have responsibility, hold authority,
and-ready, rough-and-tumble, rough-hewn, unrefined hold dominion, hold office, keep in order, manage, ma-
nipulate, master, officiate, order, oversee, police, possess
RUDIMENTARY, adjective abecedarian, basal, basic, authority, predominate, prescribe, preside over, regnare,
beginning, crude, elemental, elementary, embryonic, es- regulate, reign, restrain, run, serve the people, superin-
sential, formative, fundamental, germinal, germinative, tend, supervise
immature, inceptive, inchoate, incohatus, incomplete, ini-
tial, initiative, initiatory, original, originative, primal, pri- RULE OF LAW, noun consistent principles of the law,
mary, primitive, primordial, protomorphic, rudimental, guardians of the law, means to rule society, procedural at-
simple, starting, uncompleted, underlying, undeveloped, tributes, rule according to law, servants of the law, state of
unfinished order

RUIN, verb annihilate, bankrupt, break, bust, crush, RULE OF REASON, noun antitrust standard involving
damage, decimate, demolish, desolate, despoil, destroy, relevant factors, consideration of relevant factors in evaluat-
devastate, eradicate, impair, impoverish, loot, maraud, ing possible monopolization, utilization of factors to deter-
obliterate, pauperize, pillage, plunder, rape, raze, reduce, mine monopolization
scourge, strip, take under, wipe out ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: Sherman Antitrust Act (Sherman Act)
(federal)
RULE (Guide), noun code, course, criterion, custom,
direction, formula, habit, matter of course, method, model, RULING, noun adjudication, award, command, con-
norm, norma, order, pattern, policy, practice, procedure, clusion, court’s finding, decision, decree, determination,
protocol, prototype, regula, routine, standard, standing edict, finding, findings of fact and conclusions of law, hold-
order, system ing, judgment, judicial determination, judicial proclama-
tion, judicial pronouncement, opinion of the court, order,
RULE (Legal dictate), noun act, bylaw, canon, charge, order of the court, pronouncement, resolution, rule, sen-
code, command, commandment, decree, dictate, direc- tence, verdict
tion, doctrine, dogma, edict, enactment, formula, formulary, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: judicial ruling, ruling from the bench

571
 RUMINATION

RUMINATION, noun analyzing, close study, cogitation, flam, fraud, guile, hoax, humbug, imposture, jugglery,
concentrating, consideration, contemplation, deliberation, machination, maneuver, mask, masquerade, plot, pretext,
dialectic, excogitation, hindsight, meditation, musing, pon- scheme, sham, sharp practice, shift, snare, stratagem, strat-
dering, reflection, retrospection, speculation, thinking egy, subterfuge, trick, trickery, wile

RUN (Contend), verb announce a candidacy, aspire to RUSH, noun acceleration, bustle, celerity, crush, dash,
political office, be a candidate, be designated a candidate, deluge, expeditiousness, flood, flurry, haste, hurried activity,
become an office seeker, campaign, campaign for office, hurry, no time to lose, onrush, precipitance, press of work,
campaign for public office, canvass, challenge an incum- promptitude, rampage, run, scamper, scramble, scurry,
bent, compete, run for office, seek election, seek reelection, sprint, spurt, stampede, torrent, urgency, velocity, whirlwind
seek to become a public official, solicit votes, stand for ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: date certain, time of the essence
election, strive, vie
RUSH, verb accelerate, bustle, charge, expedite, has-
RUN (Flee), verb abscond, break away, dash, decamp, ten, hustle, lose no time, make haste, precipitate, quicken,
depart, disengage, escape, fly, hasten, hurry, leave, move rush to and fro, scramble, scurry, speed, spout, spur, spurt,
swiftly, quit, race, retreat, rush, scamper, take flight surge, work under pressure

RUN (Flow), verb advance, continue, drain out, elapse, RUTHLESS, adjective atrocious, barbarous, blood-
extend, flood, go on, pass, proceed, pour, team, surge, trickle thirsty, brutal, brutish, callous, cold, cold-blooded, cold-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: conditions and deeds running with the hearted, cruel, deadly, demoniac, devilish, diabolical, di-
land, covenants running with the land, running at large, spiteous, fell, feral, ferine, ferocious, fiendish, grim, hard,
running of the statute of limitations hardhearted, harsh, heartless, immisericors, implacable,
inclement, inexorabilis, inexorable, inflexible, inhuman,
RUN (Manage), verb carry on, conduct, direct, drive, inhumane, inhumanus, insensitive, lethal, maleficent,
function, govern, guide, handle, influence, maintain, oper- malevolent, malign, malignant, marble-hearted, merci-
ate, oversee, perform, regulate, steer, superintend, super- less, murderous, obdurate, pitiless, poisonous, rancor-
vise, work ous, relentless, remorseless, retaliative, revengeful, sa-
distic, sanguinary, savage, stony-hearted, treacherous,
RUSE, noun art, artifice, bait, blind, camouflage, cheat, truculent, uncompassionate, unfeeling, unforgiving, un-
chicane, chicanery, chouse, circumvention, craft, crafty de- kind, unmerciful, unpitying, unrelenting, unsparing, un-
vice, deceit, deception, decoy, delusion, design, disguise, sympathetic, vengeful, venomous, vicious, vindictive,
dodge, dolus, duplicity, evasion, feint, fetch, finesse, flim- virulent, without pity

SABOTAGE, verb annihilate, annul, break down, dam- SACRED (Protected), adjective exempt, forbidden, im-
age, decimate, demolish, destroy, dismantle, disrupt, maculate, immune, not for discussion, not on the table, privi-
eradicate, extirpate, impair, injure, main, mar, maraud, leged, protected, reserved, shielded, unassailable, untouchable
obliterate, overthrow, spoil, subvert, take down, treason,
undermine, vandalize, wreck SACRIFICE (Forfeiture), noun abandonment, capitula-
tion, cessation, cost, deprivation, destruction, dispensation,
SABOTEURS, noun cell, enemy combatants, enemy expense, giving up, loss, oblation, release, relinquishment,
group, extremist group, extremists, incendiaries, insur- renunciation, resignation, yielding
gents, rebel organization, revolutionaries, subversives,
underground extremists SACRIFICE (Victim), noun dupe, immolation, martyr,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: justice courts, military tribunals, Patriot oblation, offering, peace offering, prey
Act, prison cells, sleeper cells, terrorism, terrorist cells
SACRIFICE, verb cede, dispose of, drop, forbear, forfeit,
SACRED (Holy), adjective all-powerful, blessed, divine, forgo, forswear, give up, incur loss, let go, part with, release,
godlike, godly, hallowed, heavenly, immortal, inviolate, relinquish, sell at a loss, spare, suffer loss, surrender, under-
supernatural, supreme charge, underrate, waive, yield

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SACROSANCT, adjective anointed, awesome, blessed, contingency, contrivance, definition, device, escalator
ceremonial, consecrated, dedicated, devotional, divine, el- clause, esca clause, escape valve, escape way, evasion,
evated, enshrined, godly, hallowed, heavenly, holy, inef- exception, excuse, exit strategy, expedient, frame of ref-
fable, inviolable, inviolate, mystical, purified, religious, re- erence, given, grounds, hole to creep out of, limitation,
vered, reverend, sacramental, sacred, sainted, sanctified, limiting condition, loophole, means of escape, mecha-
set apart, solemn, spiritual, theistic, theologic, theological, nism for evasion, obligation, opening, out, outlet, param-
transcedent, venerable, venerated, worshiped eter, prerequisite, pretext, provision, proviso, requisite,
saving clause, specification, stipulation, technicality, terms,
SAD, adjective bad, blue, brokenhearted, cast down, ultimatum, uncommunicativeness, vehicle of escape, way
crestfallen, dejected, depressed, despondent, disconsolate, of escape, way out, whereas
doleful, down, down in the mouth, downcast, down- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: safety valve consideration, safety valve
hearted, forlorn, gloomy, glum, heartbroken, heartsick, function, stop valve
heartsore, heavyhearted, inconsolable, joyless, lamentable,
low, low-spirited, melancholic, melancholy, miserable, SAFETY VALVE PROVISIONS, noun certain solution in
mournful, pessimistic, saddened, sorrowful, sorry, un- statutes, escape hatch in statutes, impregnable solution in
happy, woeful, wretched statutes, insured solution in statutes, invulnerable solution in
statutes, means of resolution in statutes, method of preserva-
SAFE, adjective armed, armored, benign, cared for, tion in statutes, safeguards in statutes, secure methodology
certain, covered, defended, dependable, ensconced, en- in statutes, solution in statutes, sound solution in statutes,
trenched, fidus, foolproof, free from danger, free from sure solution in statutes, unassailable solution in statutes
harm, free from hurt, free from injury, free from risk, guar-
anteed, guarded, harmless, impervious, impregnable, in- SAGA, noun account, adventure, chronicle, epic, epos,
sured, intact, invulnerable, looked after, maintained, on heroic story, history, legend, myth, mythology, report,
guard, out of danger, panoplied, preserved, proof, pro- story, tale, yarn
tected, prudent, regulated, reliable, safeguarded, salubri-
ous, scatheless, screened, screened from danger, secure, SAGACIOUS, adjective astute, circumspect, clever,
securus, sheltered, shielded, sound, sure, sustained, tested, cognizant, diplomatic, discerning, discreet, discriminating,
trustworthy, tutus, unadventurous, unassailable, unattack- enlightened, far-sighted, intelligent, judicial, judicious,
able, unbroken, undamaged, undaring, under cover, unen- keen-sighted, knowing, learned, lucid, omniscient, pene-
dangered, unexposed, unharmed, unhazarded, unhurt, trating, perceptive, perspicacious, politic, prescient, pro-
unimpaired, uninjured, unmolested, unscathed, unshak- found, prudent, quick, rational, reasonable, resourceful,
able, unthreatened, whole, without risk sage, sapient, sensible, sharp, shrewd, smart, solid, subtle,
understanding, wise
SAFE HAVEN, noun area free from danger, area free from
harm, area of protection, area out of danger, area screened SAGACITY, noun acuity, acumen, acuteness, appercep-
from danger, asylum, confined area, guaranteed safe area, tion, arguteness, astuteness, awareness, brilliance, clear
harbor, place of safety, port, protected area, refuge, retreat, thinking, clear thought, cleverness, comprehension, dis-
safe area, safe harbor, safeguarded area, sanctuary, secure cernment, discrimination, excellent judgment, farsighted-
area, shelter, sheltered area, shielded area, untreatened area ness, foresight, genius, good judgment, incisiveness,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: safe haven in contracts, safe haven in insight, intelligence, intuition, judgment, keenness, keen-
statutes sightedness, levelheadedness, mentality, penetration, per-
ception, percipience, perspicaciousness, perspicacitas, per-
SAFE WORKPLACE, noun harmonious workplace, pro- spicacity, profundity, prudence, prudentia, quickness,
tected workplace, safe-guarded place, secure place of rationality, reason, reasoning power, sagaciousness, sa-
work, unhazardous workplace gacitas, sapience, sapiency, sense, sharpness, shrewdness,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: labor law, OSHA standards, recalci- smartness, sobriety, understanding, vision, wisdom
trant worker doctrine, safe standards, sanctity of the work-
place SAGE, adjective acute, astute, brainy, bright, brilliant,
cerebral, clever, discerning, discriminating, erudite, experi-
SAFEGUARD, noun armor, assurance, buffer, bulwark, enced, expert, insightful, keen, knowledgeable, learned,
cover, defense, fortification, insurance, munimentum, pal- literate, master, mastermind, perceptive, percipient, per-
ladium, precaution, preventive measure, protection, provi- spicacious, prudent, sagacious, sapient, scholarly, smart,
sion, screen, security, shield, surety specialist

SAFEKEEPING, noun aegis, auspices, care, charge, con- SAID, adjective above-mentioned, aforgoing, afore-
servation, custody, defense, guard, guardianship, keeping, named, aforesaid, already indicated, before mentioned,
lee, patronage, preservation, protection, protective cus- earlier, exact, forgoing, forementioned, named, preceding,
tody, salvation, security, shelter, superintendence, supervi- prevenient, previous, previously mentioned, previously
sion, support, tutelage, upkeep, wardship, watch named, previously referred to, prior, specific
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bailment
SALACIOUS, adjective bawdy, carnal, coarse, concu-
SAFETY, noun asylum, cover, custody, immunity, invio- piscent, corrupt, debauched, depraved, dirty, dissolute,
lability, preservation, protection, refuge, safeguard, safe- erotic, Fescennine, filthy, foul, free, goatish, gross, immoral,
keeping, safeness, sanctuary, security, shelter impure, incontinent, indecent, lascivious, lecherous, lewd,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: safety devices libertine, libidinous, licentious, lickerish, lickerous, loose,
lurid, lustful, obscene, offensive, Paphian, polluted, porno-
SAFETY VALVE, noun alternative, aperture, boundary graphic, profligate, provocative, prurient, ribald, risque,
condition, choice, circumstance, clause condition, ruttish, satyric, satyrical, scabrous, scarlet, scrofulous,

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scurrile, scurrilous, sensual, sexy, shameful, shameless, sin- discharge, proviso, qualification, quibbling excuse, reserva-
ful, smutty, spicy, suggestive, titillating, unblushing, un- tion, restriction, salute, saving clause, simultaneous dis-
bowdlerized, unchaste, unclean, unexpurgated, unprint- charge of shots, volley
able, unvirtuous, virtueless, wanton
SAMARITAN, noun aid, aider, altruist, assister, be-
SALE, noun disposal, exchange, trade, transaction, friender, benefactor, champion, defender, friend, good
transfer, vendition neighbor, help, helper, helping hand, kind person, minister-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: sales and exchange, sale and return, ing angel, ministrant, patron, philanthropist, protector,
sale at auction, sale by commercial broker, sale by sample, savior, succorer, sympathizer, well-wisher
sale confirmed, sale for payment, sale of debt, sale of office, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: Good Samaritan laws, rescue doctrine
sale on credit, sale on return, sale on trial
SAME, adjective alike, cognate, duplicate, equal,
SALIENT, adjective bold, capital, cardinal, chief, clear, equivalent, exactly like, identical, one and the same, paral-
commanding, conspicuous, distinct, distinguished, domi- lel, similar, synonymous, twin, uniform, without difference
nant, dominating, eminent, evident, exalted, explicit, ex- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: same act or transaction, same as, same
traordinary, flagrant, foremost, glaring, illustrious, important, cause, same cause of action, same character of work, same
imposing, indubitable, leading, main, marked, memorable, class of subject, same compensation, same condition(s), same
notable, noticeable, obvious, outstanding, overt, paramount, descriptive properties, same direction, same extent, same
plain, praecipuus, predominant, primary, prime, principal, fees, same fund, same general business, same grade of em-
prominent, pronounced, protrudent, protruding, protrusive, ployment, same grantor, same manner, same offense, same
protuberant, recognized, remarkable, showing, significant, parties, same punishment, same rate of interest, same right
standing out, striking, towering, unconcealed, unmistakable,
visible, well-known, worthy of notice, worthy of remark SAME, noun consistency, counterpart, double, equal,
equivalent, idem, identical, match, mate, reciprocal, re-
SALIENT POINT, noun basis, cardinal point, central semblance, similarity, synonym
point, core, cornerstone, elixir, essence, essential part, fea-
ture, focal point, gist, gravamen, highlight, implication, SAME-SEX MARRIAGE, noun civil union (opponents),
import, important point, kernel, keystone, main issue, main equality for gay marriage, gay marriage, laws governing
point, marrow, material point, nucleus, pith, prominent gay marriage, marriage equality (proponents)
part, quintessence, significance, significant fundamental, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: civil marriage, Federal Defense of
substance, sum and substance Marriage Act (DOMA), gay rights

SALUBRIOUS, adjective advantageous, analeptic, ben- SAMPLE, noun archetype, case in point, cross section,
eficial, corrective, corroborant, curative, favorable to health, documentum, ensample, example, exemplar, exemplifica-
healing, health-promoting, healthful, healthy, invigorating, tion, exemplum, guide, illustration, instance, model, origi-
life-giving, medicinal, nourishing, nutritious, nutritive, recu- nal, paradigm, prototype, representation, representative,
perative, remedial, reparative, restorative, reviviscent, ro- representative selection, showpiece, specimen, standard of
borant, salutary, salutiferous, sanatory, stimulating, susten- comparison, swatch, typical example
tative, therapeutic, therapeutical, tonic, wholesome
SANCTIFY, verb absolve, acquit, amend, authorize,
SALUTARY, adjective advantageous, aidant, analeptic, baptize, canonize, chasten, cleanse, clear, consecrate, de-
beneficial, benign, bracing, constitutional, corrective, cor- vote, elevate, ennoble, exonerate, hallow, heal, improve,
roborant, curative, edifying, favorable, good, harmless, purge, purify, refine, regenerate, restore, spiritualize, vindi-
healing, health-giving, health-preserving, healthful, healthy, cate
helpful, hurtless, hygienic, innocuous, innoxious, invigorat-
ing, medicinal, nourishing, nutritious, nutritive, palliative, SANCTIMONIOUS, adjective arrogant, authorized,
preventive, profitable, promoting health, prophylactic, pro- canonized, chastened, condescending, deceiving, decep-
tective, remedial, reparative, reparatory, restorative, robo- tive, devoted, elevated, ennobled, haughty, high and
rant, safe, salubrious, salutaris, salutiferous, sanative, sana- mighty, holier than thou, insincere, pharisaical, pietistic,
tory, sanitary, sustaining, sustentative, therapeutic, tonic, pious, self-righteous, spiritualized, unctuous
uninjurious, useful, utilis, wholesome
SANCTION (Permission), noun acceptance, acquies-
SALUTIFEROUS, adjective advantageous, advisable, cence, affirmance, affirmation, agreement, allowance,
ameliorative, auspicious, beneficial, benignant, bettering, con- approbation, approval, assent, auctoritas, authorization,
structive, desirable, favorable, friendly, gainful, good, gratify- charter, confirmatio, consent, cooperation, countenance,
ing, healthful, healthy, helpful, lucrative, medicinal, profitable, empowerment, encouragement, endorsement, favor, grant,
promising, propitious, remunerative, rewarding, salubrious, homologation, immunity, indulgence, legality, license, per-
salutary, salutiferous, satisfying, supportive, wholesome mission, permit, ratification, seal, stamp of approval,
subscription, sufferance, support, tolerance, toleration, vali-
SALVAGE, noun conservation, deliverance, extrication, dation, vouchsafement, willingness
property saved, recapture, reclaimed materials, reclamation, FOREIGN PHRASES: Multa conceduntur per obliquum quae
recoupment, recovery, redemption, remains, reoccupation, non conceduntur de directo. Many things are allowed
repossession, rescue, retrieval, return, salvation, scrap indirectly which are not allowed directly.
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: equitable salvage, net salvage, salvage
charges, salvage loss, salvage service SANCTION (Punishment), noun condemnation, de-
nunciation, deprivation, disciplinary action, discipline, im-
SALVO, noun condition, defense, escape clause, eva- position, infliction, penal retribution, penalty, retributive
sion, exception, exemption, explosion, fusillade, general action, suffering

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SANCTION, verb accede, accept, acquiesce, agree to, pungent, sardonic, satirical, scalding, scathing, sharp,
allow, approbate, approve, assent to, authenticate, autho- sharp-tongued, tart
rize, charter, confer a privilege, confer a right, confirmare,
consent to, countenance, empower, enable, endorse, enti- SATIATE, verb alleviate, assuage, fulfill, gratify, indulge,
tle, foster, give approval, give permission, go along with, pacify, quench, relieve, satisfy, saturate, surfeit
grant, gratify, homologate, indulge, legitimate, legitima-
tize, legitimize, license, permit, privilege, promote, ratify, SATISFACTION (Discharge of debt), noun acquitment, ac-
ratum facere, sancire, stand behind, subscribe to, suffer, quittal, acquittance, amortizement, clearance, compensation,
support, tolerate, uphold, validate, vouchsafe damages, defrayal, defrayment, discharge, guerdon, indemni-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: civil sanctions, criminal sanctions, fication, indemnity, payment, quittance, receipted payment,
penal sanctions recompense, recoupment, redress, reimbursement, release
from debt, remuneration, reparation, repayment, requital, re-
SANCTUARY, noun asylum, harbor, harborage, haven, quitement, restitution, return, settlement, solatium
holy place, oasis, protection, refuge, sacred place, sancto- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accord and satisfaction, ademption,
rium, sanctum, shelter, shrine reasonable satisfaction, satisfaction of lien, satisfaction piece

SANE, adjective animi, balanced, clearheaded, compe- SATISFACTION (Fulfillment), noun accomplishment,
tent, coolheaded, judicious, legitimate, levelheaded, logi- achievement, appeasement, attainment, consummation,
cal, lucid, mentally sound, mentis compos, normal, rational, content, contentedness, contentment, enjoyment, fruition,
realistic, reasonable, responsible, sanus, sensible, sober, gratification, pleasure, realization, reparation, success, suf-
sober-minded, sound, understanding, undisturbed ficiency
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: satisfaction of judgment
SANGUINE, adjective anticipative, assured, bright,
buoyant, cheerful, confident, encouraged, enthusiastic, ex- SATISFACTORY, adjective acceptable, adequate, agree-
pectant, full of hope, hopeful, in good spirits, inspirited, able, all right, ample, appropriate, average, bearable, copa-
optimistic, reassured, sanguineous, trustful, trusting, unde- cetic, decent, endurable, fair, fine, good, palatable, pass-
spairing, undoubting able, respectable, serviceable, standard, sufferable,
tolerable, unexceptional
SANITY, noun balance, clear thinking, clearminded-
ness, comprehension, health of mind, healthy mind, lev- SATISFY (Discharge), verb arrange a settlement, carry
elheadedness, lucidity, mental balance, mental equilib- into execution, carry out, clear, compensate, fulfill an obli-
rium, mental health, normalcy, normality, rationality, gation, make compensation, make good, make payment,
reason, reasonableness, saneness, sense, sensibleness, meet an obligation, pay, pay in full, pay off, pay up, recom-
sound understanding, soundmindedness, soundness, un- pense, reimburse, remit, remunerate, render, repay, re-
derstanding quite, settle, settle accounts, tender
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: competency hearing, presumption of ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: satisfy a debt, satisfy a judgment
sanity
SATISFY (Fulfill), verb answer the purpose, appease,
SAPID, adjective acceptable, affecting, agreeable, allur- avail, be agreeable, be sufficient, carry out, comply with,
ing, ambrosial, amusing, appealing, appetizing, arresting, conform to, content, fill, fit, gratify, meet requirements,
attractive, bewitching, captivating, challenging, charming, please, prove acceptable, qualify, quench, sate, satiate,
delectable, delicious, delightful, dulcet, enchanting, engag- serve the purpose, set at ease, slake, suffice, suit, surfeit
ing, entertaining, enthralling, enticing, entrancing, exciting, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: satisfy to a moral certainty
fascinating, fine, flavorful, flavorous, flavorsome, flavory, full-
bodied, full-flavored, good, good-tasting, gratifying, gust- SATURATION, noun abundance, cornucopia, feast,
able, gustful, impressive, inspiring, interesting, intriguing, overdose, overflow, overkill, oversupply, plenitude, pleth-
inviting, likable, lovely, luscious, nectareous, palatable, pi- ora, sufficiency, superabundance, surfeit, wealth
quant, pleasant, pleasing, pleasurable, popular, prepossess-
ing, provocative, provoking, refreshing, relishable, saporous, SAVAGE, adjective barbarian, barbaric, brutal, brute,
satisfying, savory, scrumptious, seasoned, stirring, succulent, coarse, crude, heathen, malevolent, malicious, primitive,
sweet, tantalizing, tasty, tempting, thought-provoking, tital- rough, rude, uncivilized, uncouth, uncultivated, uncultured,
lative, titillating, welcome, winning, winsome unpolished, wanton, wild

SAPIENCE, adjective acuity, astuteness, brilliance, clev- SAVE, conjunction bar, barring, besides, but for, de-
erness, discernment, discrimination, insight, intellect, intel- ducting, excepting, lacking, leaving out, not including,
ligence, judgment, keenness, perception, perceptiveness, short of, without
percipience, sagaciousness, sagacity, sageness, sense, un-
derstanding, wit SAVE, preposition but, except, exclusive of, less, minus,
omitting
SAPIENT, adjective acute, astute, bright, clear-headed,
clever, deep, discerning, discriminating, farsighted, intel- SAVE (Conserve), verb hold, keep safe, preserve, redeem,
lectual, intelligent, judicious, keen, knowing, learned, per- salvage
ceptive, perspicacious, profound, quick of apprehension,
quick-witted, rational, sagacious, sage, sapiens, sensible, SAVE (Hold back), verb economize, hoard, keep, re-
sharp, shrewd, thinking, wise serve, retain

SARCASTIC, adjective acidulous, acrid, barbed, biting, SAVE (Rescue), verb avert, defend, fend off, give salva-
bitter, caustic, corrosive, cutting, mordant, offensive, tion, help, liberate, protect, safeguard, shield

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 SAVINGS CLAUSE

SAVINGS CLAUSE, noun limitation on the scope of re- poor, scanty, scarce, short, skimpy, slender, slim, spare,
peal, means to ensure a statute will not be struck down sparing, sparse, stingy, wanting
entirely, protection to ensure the validity of a contract,
severability, the means to ensure enforceability if part of a SCARCE, adjective at a premium, dear, deficient, few,
contract is overturned inadequate, incomplete, inconsiderable, insufficient, limited,
little, low, meager, minute, not abundant, not plentiful, out-
SAVORY, adjective agreeable, ambrosiac, ambrosial, of-the-way, paltry, rare, rarus, scant, seldom met with, short,
ambrosian, appetizing, conditus, delectable, delicious, de- skimpy, sparing, sparse, thinly scattered, unavailable, uncom-
lightful, flavor, flavored, flavorous, flavorsome, full-bodied, mon, unique, unobtainable, unplentiful, unusual, wanting
full-flavored, good, good-tasting, gustable, gustative, lik-
able, luscious, nectarean, nectareous, palatable, piquant, SCARE, verb intimidate, bowl over, chill, discomfort,
pleasant, pleasing, rich, sapid, sweet, tasty, tempting discompose, disconcert, dismay, disquiet, distract, distress,
disturb, floor, jolt, perturb, shake, shake up, unnerve, un-
SAY, verb air, allege, articulate, broadcast, claim, com- settle, unstring, upset, worry
ment, declare, discuss, elaborate on, enunciate, express,
formulate, post, proclaim, put, recite, reel off, remark, SCATHING, adjective acerbus, acrimonious, aculeatus,
share, speak, state, talk, tell, utter, vent, verbalize, vocalize biting, brutal, burning, cruel, cutting, damaging, envenomed,
excoriating, harmful, harsh, hurtful, insulting, maleficent, ma-
SAY-SO, noun acceptance, accord, affirmance, affirma- levolent, malicious, malignant, mordacious, mordax, rancor-
tion, agreement, approval, assent, authorization, compliance, ous, scatheful, searing, severe, sharp, spiteful, stinging, tren-
confirmation, consent, endorsement, go-ahead, green chant, unbenevolent, uncharitable, uncompromising,
light, imprimatur, leave, liberty, license, nod, okay, permis- ungentle, unkind, venemous, virulent, vitriolic, withering
sion, ratification, sanction, sign-off, special permission,
validation, willingness SCENARIO, noun abstract, analysis, brief, capsule, com-
pression, condensation, contents, digest, essence, narrative,
SCABROUS, adjective blotchy, boorish, coarse, diffi- outline, plot, recap, recapitulation, report, review, script,
cult, immodest, improper, indiscreet, knotty, rough, rug- sketch, story, sum and substance, summary, synopsis, text
ged, scabby, scaly, scandalous, surly, treacherous, uncon-
ventional, unsmooth SCENE, noun act, arena, background, display, episode,
eyereach, eyeshot, field, landscape, locale, locality, loca-
SCALE (Measurement), noun analysis of measurement, tion, locus, panorama, place, range, scaena, scope, setting,
balance, calibration, computation, graduated system of sight, site, spectacle, sphere, stage, stage setting, sur-
measurement, guide, index, meter, page, proportion, roundings, theater, view, vista, whereabouts
range of measurements, rule, scheme, scope ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: scene of an accident

SCALE (Order), noun analytical assessment, arrange- SCHEDULE, noun agenda, calendar, check list, docket,
ment, array, comparison, distribution, gamut, pecking enumeration, index, inventory, libellus, list, outline, plan,
order, progression, range, ranking, rate, reach, relative program, roll, tabula, timetable
magnitude, rubric, scope, sequence, series, spectrum ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: payment schedule, schedule of assets

SCANDAL, noun aspersion, attaint, bad name, bad SCHEME, noun arrangement, cabal, consilium, contriv-
reputation, bad repute, baseness, brand, censure, damag- ance, course of action, delineation, design, device, enter-
ing report, dedecoration, defamation, degradation, disap- prise, machination, maneuver, method, operation, order,
probation, disapproval, discredit, disesteem, disgrace, dis- organization, plan, plot, policy, procedure, program of ac-
honor, disrepute, humiliation, ignominy, ill repute, tion, project, ratio, schedule, stratagem, strategy, subter-
imputation, infamy, ingloriousness, loss of honor, loss of fuge, system, tactics
reputation, malicious gossip, notoriety, obloquy, odium, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: conspiracy
opprobrium, reproach, shame, slur, stain, stigma, taint, talk,
tarnish, tarnished honor, vilification SCHEME, verb arrange, be cunning, cabal, calculate,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: defamatory reports, deformatory ru- chart, collude, complot, compose, concoct, connive, con-
mors spire, contrive, design, devise, diagram, engineer, excogitate,
fabricate, fashion, frame, hatch, have designs, improvise, in-
SCANDALOUS, adjective arrant, atrocious, base, black, trigue, invent, lay a plan, machinate, make arrangements,
condemnatory, corrupt, damnatory, dastardly, defamatory, maneuver, manipulate, map, map out, organize, outline, plan,
denunciatory, deplorable, despicable, discreditable, dis- plot, predesign, predetermine, premeditate, prepare, project,
graceful, dishonorable, disreputable, disrespectable, exe- ratio, think ahead, think out, weave a plot, work out, work up
crable, facinorous, flagitious, flagrant, fulsome, heinous, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: collude, conspire
horrifying, ignoble, ignominious, illaudable, immodest, im-
moral, indecent, infamous, inglorious, iniquitous, lewd, li- SCHISM, noun breach, break, cabal, desertion, differ-
centious, low, mean, nefarious, notorious, objurgatory, ence, disassociation, disconnection, discord, dissension,
odious, offensive, opprobrious, outrageous, probrosus, dissent, disunion, division, faction, falling out, nonconfor-
profligate, reprehensible, scurrilous, shameful, shocking, mity, partition, recusancy, rent, rift, rupture, schisma, se-
thersitical, turpis, ugly, uncommendable, unworthy, wicked cession, sectarianism, sectarism, separation, severance,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: motion to strike scandalous matter, split, withdrawal
scandalous allegations, scandalous pleading
SCIENCE (Study), noun body of fact, branch of knowl-
SCANT, adjective bare, bare-bones, deficient, inade- edge, data, discipline, facts, information, knowledge, learning,
quate, insufficient, lacking, light, marginal, mere, minimal, organized knowledge, scientia, system of knowledge

576
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SCIENCE (Technique), noun ability, adroitness, apti- group, keep out, pick, prefer, segregate, separate, sieve,
tude, aptness, capacity, competence, competency, dex- sift, single out, sort, strain, weed, winnow
terity, expertness, facility, finesse, genius, highly devel- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: screen prospective jurors
oped skill, know-how, mastery, method, proficiency, skill,
skillfulness SCRIPT, noun book, calligraphy, characters, cursive
hand, dialogue, handwriting, jottings, libretto, lines, long-
SCIENTER, noun appreciation, apprehension, aware- hand, manuscript, penmanship, penscript, playbook, print-
ness, cognition, cognizance, comprehension, conscious- ing, scrawl, scription, text, writing, written characters,
ness, discernment, familiarity, intent, intention, knowledge, written matter
perception, recognition, understanding
SCRUPLE, noun anxiety, apprehension, apprehensive-
SCIENTIAL, adjective able, accomplished, adapted, ness, compunction, concern, cunctatio, doubt, doubtful-
adept, adequate, capable, competent, deft, educated, effi- ness, drawback, dubiety, dubiousness, dubitatio, fear, fear-
cacious, fitted, gifted, intelligent, knowing, knowledgeable, fulness, haesitatio, hesitancy, hesitation, misgiving,
learned, proficient, qualified, schooled, skillful, suitable, objection, qualm, question, reluctance, uncertainty, un-
suited, trained, up to, well-suited ease, uneasiness, unwillingness

SCINTILLA, noun bit, corpuscle, grain, insignificant SCRUPULOUS, adjective aboveboard, accuratus, admi-
amount, iota, minim, modicum, particle, small amount, rable, careful, choosy, diligens, discriminating, discrimina-
small quantity, spark, tittle, trace, trifle, whit tive, equitable, ethical, fair, forthright, honest, honorable,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: scintilla of evidence laudable, legitimate, moral, noble, principled, reliable,
reputable, sincere, sound, thorough, trustworthy, truthful,
SCOFFLAW, noun a contemptuous violator of the law, upright, worthy
habitual failure to answer allegations, habitual failure to
answer charges, habitual failure to answer summons, ha- SCRUTABLE, adjective apprehensible, beholdable, cog-
bitual failure to pay debts, violator who fails to answer sum- nizable, comprehensible, conspicuous, discoverable, easily
monses observed, easily seen, easily understood, evident, explica-
ble, explicit, fathomable, intelligible, knowable, manifest,
SCOLD, verb berate, castigate, chastise, flay, hammer, noticeable, observable, obvious, open, overt, penetrable,
lambaste, lecture, rail against, rant, rebuke, reprimand, re- perceptible, plain, seeable, unconcealed, understandable,
proach, score, tongue-lash, upbraid unhidden, unmasked, unveiled

SCOPE, noun ambit, amplitude, area, boundary, SCRUTINIZE, verb analyze, anatomize, audit, canvass,
bounds, circle, circuit, compass, confines, demesne, ex- check, contemplate, delve into, dissect, examine, explore,
panse, extent, field, latitude, limit, locus, margin, orbit, eye, give close attention, inquire into, inspect, inspicere,
purview, range, reach, realm, region, room, space, span, investigare, investigate, keep under surveillance, look at
sphere, spread, stretch, sweep, territory, zone closely, look into, look over, observe, overhaul, peer into,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: scope of a patent, scope of authority, perscrutari, peruse, probe, pry into, question, regard care-
scope of employment, scope of jurisdiction, scope of review fully, research, review, scan, search, search into, sift, stare,
study, survey, view, watch
SCOPE OF REVIEW, noun issues that reviewing court
will consider, limitation of issues available to the appellant, SCRUTINY, noun analysis, attention, careful examina-
limitation on issues preserved by appellant, restriction on tion, close investigation, close look, close search, consider-
issues that an appellate court will consider, right to raise ation, critical examination, examination, exploration, inda-
issues for review on appeal gation, inquest, inquiry, inquisition, inspection, investigation,
minute attention, observance, observation, perscrutatio,
SCORCHED EARTH POLICY, noun annihilation, decima- perusal, probe, research, review, scrutation, search, study,
tion, demolishment, demolition, desolation, despoilment, surveillance, survey
destruction, devastation, dismantlement, effacement, erad-
ication, extermination, extinction, obliteration, ruin, ruin- SCURRILOUS, adjective abusive, coarse, contumelio-
ation, wreckage sus, disgusting, disrespectful, foul, gross, indecent, indeli-
cate, insulting, lascivious, lewd, libidinous, licentious, low,
SCORN, verb abhorrence, abomination, aversion, catti- mean, obscene, offensive, opprobrious, probrosus, ribald,
ness, contempt, contemptuousness, despisement, detesta- risque, salacious, scabrous, scurrile, scurrilis, shameless,
tion, disdain, disgust, disrespect, distaste, execration, hate, vile, vulgar
hatefulness, hatred, horror, invidiousness, loathing, malev-
olence, malice, maliciousness, malignancy, malignity, SEAL (Close), verb bar, block off, bolt, close up, cover,
meanness, misprision, odium, ridicule, spite, spitefulness keep from public view, keep in confidence, keep in secrecy,
lock, occlude, secret, secure
SCRAMBLE, noun chaos, commotion, confound, con- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS : sealed case, sealed grand jury
fuse, discord, jumble, mishmash, perplex, turbid, upheaval report, sealed indictment, sealed instrument, sealed
verdict
SCREEN (Guard), verb camouflage, cloak, conceal,
cover, defend, disguise, fence, harbor, haven, hide, mask, SEAL (Solemnize), verb accept, accredit, approve, at-
protect, safeguard, shade, shelter, shield, shroud, veil test, authenticate, authorize, bear witness, certify, confirm,
endorse, enstamp, impress with mark, imprint, inscribe,
SCREEN (Select), verb choose, class, classify, discard, legalize, license, ratify, sanction, sign, stamp, substantiate,
discriminate, eliminate, evaluate, exclude, filter, grade, support, undersign, validate, verify, vouch

577
 SEALED RECORD

SEALED RECORD, noun classified record, concealed ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: second lien
record, confidential record, private record, record which
cannot be disclosed, record which cannot be revealed, re- SECONDARY, adjective accessory, alternative, ancil-
stricted record, secret record lary, auxiliary, collateral, contingency, derived, following,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: open records policy, sealed instru- indirect, inferior, junior, less important, lesser, minor, se-
ment, sealed verdict cundarius, subaltern, subordinate, subsequent, subsidiary,
substitute, unessential, unimportant, vicarious
SEARCH, verb chase after, closely examine, comb, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: secondary boycott, secondary evidence,
delve, examine, examine by inspection, explore, ferret, fol- secondary liability
low the trail of, go through, hunt, indagate, inquire into,
inspect, investigate, look into, look over, look through, SECONDARY RIGHTS, noun ancillary rights, contingent
probe, pry into, pursue, scan, scour, scout, scrutinize, seek, rights, indirect rights, subordinated rights, subsequent
trace, track, track down, trail rights
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: illegal search by law enforcement of-
ficers, searching premises, unlawful search, unreasonable SECRECY, noun circumspection, closeness, conceal-
search and seizure ment, confidentiality, covertness, discreteness, discretion,
furtiveness, privacy, prudence, reserve, reticence, secre-
SEARCH WARRANT, noun authority to search, bench tiveness, shiftiness, silence, stealth, subterfuge, taciturnity,
warrant, court order, judicial order to search, judicial pro- underhandedness, wariness
cess, legal document to search, legal order, legal process,
order authorizing a search, process, writ SECRET, adjective abstruse, acroamatic, acroamatical,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: illegal search warrant, probable cause arcane, arcanus, clandestine, close, concealed, confiden-
to issue search warrant tial, covert, cryptic, dark, esoteric, furtive, hidden, latent,
mysterious, not public, obscure, occult, occultus, private,
SEASON, noun cycle, era, part of the year, period, se- privy, recondite, secluded, secretus, shrouded, sly, surrep-
mester, span, spell, stretch, term, time, time of year titious, undisclosed, undivulged, unknown, unpublished,
unrevealed, unseen, untold, veiled
SEASONABLE, adjective acceptable, apposite, appro- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: secret lien, undisclosed principal
priate, auspicious, befitting, convenient, due, expedient,
favorable, fit, opportune, opportunus, proper, properly SECRET, noun abstruse knowledge, arcana, cabal, clas-
timed, propitious, seemly, suitable, tempestivus, timeful, sified information, concealed knowledge, confidence, con-
timely, towardly, well-timed fidential communication, confidential matter, enigma, hid-
den knowledge, inside information, intimacy, intrigue,
SEAT, noun base, berth, capital, center, domicilium, mystery, obscure information, personal matter, private af-
headquarters, home, locale, locality, location, perch, place, fair, private communication, private matter, privileged com-
position, post, region, residence, sedes, site, spot, station, munication, privileged information, puzzle, recondite
vital center knowledge, res arcana, res occulta, unknown information,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: county seat veiled information

SECEDE, verb abandon, abire, apostatize, break away, SECTION (Division), noun category, class, compart-
depart, desert, disaffiliate, dissent, evacuate, insurrect, ment, component, department, detachment, fraction, frag-
leave, mutiny, pull out, quit, rebel, refuse to support, relin- ment, group, grouping, part, segment, separate part, sepa-
quish, remove oneself, repudiate, resign, retire, retract, ration, subdivision, subgroup
revolt, separate, sever one’s connections, tergiversate, va-
cate, walk out, withdraw SECTION (Vicinity), noun area, block, clime, demesne,
environs, field, locale, locality, location, locus, milieu,
SECERN, verb differentiate, discern, discriminate, dis- neighborhood, parcel of land, part, plot, plot of ground,
tinguish, note the distinctions, perceive differences plot of land, province, purlieus, regio, region, surroundings,
territory, tract, vicinage, vicinitas
SECLUDE, verb banish, blockade, bury, conceal, confine, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: block, plot, and section
cover, cut off, deport, disassociate, dissociate, embargo,
exclude, excommunicate, exile, expatriate, hide, imprison, SECTOR, noun area, arena, category, department, dis-
insulate, isolate, keep apart, keep in detention, keep in pri- trict, division, domain, part, precinct, province, quarter,
vate, keep out, maroon, ostracize, outlaw, quarantine, rel- realm, region, scene, section, segment, sphere, stratum,
egate, remove, removere, retire, retire from sight, retreat, subdivision, territory, theater, zone
rope off, screen out, secludere, segregare, segregate, sepa-
rate, sequester, set apart, set aside, shut out, withdraw SECURE (Confident), adjective assured, carefree, cer-
tain, convinced, not nervous, not scared, positive, reas-
SECOND (Backer), noun advocate, aide, angel, backer, sured, sure, unafraid, unanxious, unconcerned, undis-
champion, co signer, endorser, patron, promoter, supporter turbed, unfrightened, unhesitating, unshaken,
unsuspecting
SECOND (Moment), noun before you know it, brief
period of time, flash, flash of an eyelid, instant SECURE (Free from danger), adjective armored, de-
fended, dependable, guaranteed, guarded, impregnable, in
SECOND, verb approve, assist, authorize, back, back safety, insured, inviolable, invulnerable, protected, safe,
up, confirm, endorse, favor, pass, ratify, receipt, recom- sheltered, stable, unassailable, unattackable, unharmable,
mend, sanction, stand behind, subscribe, support, under- unimperiled, unthreatened
sign, validate, vote for, warrant ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: secured transactions

578
 SELECT

SECURE (Sound), adjective dependable, fast, fastened, SEE (Feel), verb agree, consent, find out, have, learn,
firm, fixed, immovable, infallible, reliable, solid, sound, perceive, realize, sense, suffer, sustain
stable, strong, substantial, trustworthy, trusty, unerring,
unfailing, unimpeachable SEE (Recall), verb call to mind, call up, conceive, con-
jure up, conjure up an image, contemplate in the imagi-
SECURITIES, noun assets, bonds, capital, evidences of nation, envisage, envision, have a picture of, perceive, re-
debts, evidences of obligations, holdings, invested prop- alize, view, visualize
erty, investment, negotiables, property, shares, stocks
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: corporate securities, investment secu- SEE (Observe), verb behold, catch, discern, espy, eye,
rities, sale of securities look at, note, notice, perceive, regard, sight, spot, spy,
view, witness
SECURITY (Pledge), noun bail, bond, collateral, deben-
ture, deposit, earnest, gage, guarantee, indemnity, insur- SEGMENT, noun bit, branch, cantle, cantlet, chapter, chunk,
ance, lien, pawn, pignoration, promise, promissory note, component, constituent, detached part, detail, division, ele-
stipulation, surety, token, vadium, voucher, warranty ment, fraction, fractional part, fragment, fragmentum, ingredi-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: collateral security, investment securi- ent, installment, measure, moiety, pars, part, piece, portion,
ties, issuing securities, public securities, real security, sale of section, sector, segmentum, share, slice, small part, subdivision
securities, security agreement, security deposit, security
interest, treasury securities, valuable securities SEGMENTATION, noun apportionment, bisection,
breaking, breaking down, breaking up, carving, compart-
SECURITY (Safety), noun anchor, assurance, asylum, mentalizing, cutting up, demarcation, departmentalization,
bastion, bulwark, certainty, defense, dependability, faith, disconnection, dissolution, distribution, division, separa-
freedom from danger, freedom from harm, guard, immov- tion, split
ability, immunity, impregnability, incolumitas, invulnerabil-
ity, maintenance, palladium, preservation, protection, ram- SEGREGATE, verb confine, cut off, detach, detain, disen-
part, reliance, safe conduct, safeguard, safeness, salus, gage, hold, immure, incarcerate, insulate, isolate, jail, keep,
salvation, sanctuary, secureness, shelter, stability, support, lock up, quarantine, remove, restrain, restrict, seclude,
trust, unassailability, unattackability separate, sequester
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: national security
SEGREGATION (Isolation by races), noun apartheid,
SECURITY (Stock), noun assets, bill of exchange, capi- discrimination, division by races, ostracism, prejudice, racial
tal, certificate of debt, certificate of indebtedness, coupon, prejudice, racialism, racism, separation by races
funds, indenture, invested property, investment, money ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: equal protection clause
invested, negotiable instrument, negotiable paper, obliga-
tion, pignus, secured debenture SEGREGATION (Separation), noun classification, de-
tachment, differentiation, disassociation, disconnection, dis-
SEDITION, noun apostasy, defection, defiance, desertion, engagement, dissociation, distinguishment, disunion, divi-
disloyalty, disobedience, dissidence, infidelity, infraction, in- sion, grouping, isolation, partition, seiunctio, setting apart
subordination, insurgence, insurrection, motus, mutiny, non- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: segregation of trust funds
compliance, overthrow, rebellion, recreance, recreancy, recu-
sancy, resistance to authority, revolt, revolution, riot, rising, SEISIN, noun control, hold, mastery, occupancy, oc-
seditio, seditiousness, subversion, tergiversation, treachery, cupation, ownership, possession, possessorship, tenancy,
treason, underground activity, uprising, violation tenure, title
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: alien and sedition acts, seditious libel ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: actual seisin, constructive seisin, cov-
enant of seisin, equitable seisin, seisin in deed, seisin in fact,
SEDITIOUS, adjective disloyal, incendiary, instigative, seisin in law
insubordinate, insurgent, insurrectionary, mutinous, pro-
vocative, rebellious, refractory, restive, revolutionary, SEIZE (Apprehend), verb apprehendere, arrest, arrest
treacherous, treasonous, turbulent, ungovernable, unruly with authority, capture, catch, comprehendere, detain by
criminal process, imprison, incarcerate, jail, put in duress,
SEDUCTION, noun allure, allurement, attraction, bait, be- take, take in, take into custody, take prisoner
witchment, blandishment, cajolery, captivation, coaxing, cor-
ruptela, corruption, defilement, enchantment, enticement, fas- SEIZE (Confiscate), verb annex, appropriate, arrogate,
cination, inducement, inveiglement, invitation, lure, persuasion, assume, capture, cause to be forfeited, commandeer, de-
seducement, solicitation, stuprum, tantalization, temptation prive of, dispossess, disseise, distrain, expropriate, grasp,
impound, impress, mulct, pillage, pirate, pounce upon, put
SEDULOUS, adjective active, adsiduus, alert, ardent, in possession, sequester, sequestrate, take, take possession
assiduous, attentive, avid, brisk, busily engaged, busy, con- of, usurp, wrest
scientious, constant, diligent, dogged, eager, energetic, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: attachment, execution on property,
firm, hardworking, indefatigable, industrious, keen, labori- garnishment, seize property
ous, painstaking, patient, perseverant, persevering, persis-
tent, pertinacious, relentless, resolute, resolved, sedulus, SELECT, adjective accepted, adopted, appointed, best,
stalwart, steadfast, tenacious, uncompromising, undeviat- capital, choice, chosen, culled, designated, elected, electus,
ing, unfaltering, unflagging, unrelenting, unremitting, un- elite, embraced, excellent, exceptional, exclusive,
swerving, untiring, unwearying, unyielding, zealous exquisitus, first-rate, good, handpicked, matchless, named,
picked, popular, preferable, preferred, prime, quality, rare,
SEE (Comprehend), verb ascertain, catch on to, compre- selected, superior, top-notch, unequaled, unexcelled
hend, know, understand ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: select committee

579
 SELECT

SELECT, verb abstract, adopt, appoint, assign, be jaun- ejaculate, eject, emit, emittere, export, fling, forward,
diced, be prejudiced, champion, choose, collect, cull, de- freight, give, give forth, hurl, impel, issue, jaculate, launch,
cide, designate, determine, differentiate, discriminate, dis- mail, mittere, post, project, propel, relay, route, send forth,
tinguish between, draft, elect, eligere, eliminate, excerpt, send out, ship, shoot, throw, toss, transfer, transmit
exclude, extract, fix upon, glean, have a bias, isolate, lay
aside, lean, legere, make a choice, make a distinction, make SENIOR (Higher in priority), noun chief, first, foremost,
a selection, mark, name, nominate, pick, point out, prefer, key major, most important, most significant, paramount,
prize, put aside, reject, segregate, seperate, set apart, shut takes precedence, uppermost
out, sift, single out, sort out, specialize, specify, stipulate, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bankruptcy, seniority
take out, weed out, winnow
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: select a jury SENIOR (Older), noun adult, advanced in years, ances-
tor, ancient, antiquated, antique, archaic, early, elderly,
SELECTION (Choice), noun adoption, appointment, ap- matured, older, older man, older woman, one of the older
propriation, assignment, compilation, cooptation, decision, generation, original, senior citizen, superannuated, veteran,
delectus, denomination, designation, determination, elec- vintage
tio, election, extraction, indication, naming, nomination, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: elder law
ordainment, ordination, preference, reservation, segrega-
tion, separation, specification, stipulation SENIORITY, noun advantage, antiquity, ascendancy,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: jury selection command, control, eldership, leadership, pecking order,
precedence, predominance, preference, priority, privilege,
SELECTION (Collection), noun accumulation, aggrega- rank, ranking, standing, station, superiority
tion, anthology, arrangement, array, assemblage, assem-
bly, assortment, batch, bunch, cluster, collectanea, combi- SENSATION (Impression), noun abstraction, cogitation,
nation, compilation, conglomeration, cumulation, concept, conception, feeling, hint, image, intellection, no-
examples, gathering, group, hoard, mass, pile, quantity, tion, perception, reaction, response, sense, suggestion,
samples, treasury, variety thought

SELFISH, adjective egoistic, egomaniacal, egotistic, SENSATION (Notoriety), noun a star performer, a stellar
narcissistic, self-absorbed, self-centered, self-concerned, function, esteemed event, excellence, outstanding event,
self-infatuated, self-interested, self-involved, selfish, self- popular, sought-after event, sought-after performance, suc-
loving, self-obsessed, self-oriented, self-preoccupied, self- cess, talk of the town
regarding, self-seeking, self-serving, uncharitable
SENSE (Feeling), noun apperception, apprehension,
SELFLESS, adjective altruistic, benevolent, caring, char- awareness, consciousness, discernment, idea, impression,
itable, chivalrous, devoted, generous, giving, helpful, hu- instinct, mental image, mindfulness, notion, opinion, per-
manitarian, incorruptible, indulgent, liberal, loving, mag- ception, realization, sensation, sensus, speculation, under-
nanimous, noble, open-handed, philanthropic, self-denying, standing
self-effacing, self-forgetting, self-sacrificing, supportive,
unselfish SENSE (Intelligence), noun acumen, astuteness, aware-
ness, brightness, brilliance, cleverness, cognition, cognitive
SELFSAMENESS, noun analogousness, close resem- faculties, cognitive powers, comprehension, depth, en-
blance, cognate, comparability, complement, correspon- lightenment, foresight, genius, good judgment, grasp, in-
dence, corresponding, counterpart, equality, equiva- sight, intellect, intellectual ability, intellectuality, iudicium,
lence, exactness, general resemblance, identicalness, judgment, judiciousness, mentality, observation, percep-
indistinguishability, likeness, oneness, parallelism, resem- tion, perspicacity, prudence, prudentia, rational faculty,
blance, sameness, semblance, similarity, similitude, syn- rationality, reason, recognition, sagaciousness, sagacity,
onymity, synonymy, the like sapience, shrewdness, smartness, talent, understanding,
wisdom, wiseness
SELL, verb auction, barter, bring to market, deal in, dis-
pense, dispose of for profit, divendere, drive a trade, effect SENSE OF RIGHT AND WRONG, noun accountable-
a sale, exchange, furnish, give title to, handle, hawk, huck- ness, allegiance, conscience, decency, deference, devoir,
ster, make a sale, market, merchandise, offer for sale, ped- faithfulness, good faith, honesty, inner voice, integrity,
dle, provide, put on sale, put up for sale, trade in, traffic in, moral obligations, moral sense, morality, morals, principles,
transfer for a consideration, vend qualms, responsibility, scruples, sense of duty
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: intent, malice aforethought, mens rea
SEMBLANCE, noun air, appearance, aspect, bearing,
closeness, copy, counterpart, effect, example, exterior, SENSELESS, adjective absurd, asinine, empty, fatu-
guise, identity, illusion, image, imago, likeness, look, mien, ous, foolish, frivolous, ill-advised, inane, inconsequential,
outward form, replica, representation, resemblance, same- insignificant, little, minor, misadvised, negligible, point-
ness, show, similarity, similitude, simulacrum, species, less, ridiculous, slight, trifling, trivial, unimportant, useless,
uniformity, visage wasteful

SEMI, adjective fractional, fragmentary, half, half-fin- SENSIBILITY, noun acuteness, affectibility, alertness,
ished, not whole, partial, unfinished appreciation, attentiveness, awareness, comprehension,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: semiannually consciousness, delicacy, delicacy of feeling, discernment,
discrimination, emotion, feeling, fineness, impressibility,
SEND, verb ablegare, advance, broadcast, cast, circulate, judgment, keenness, mindfulness, perception, perceptivity,
convey, direct, discharge, dismiss, dispatch, displace, drive, response, responsiveness, sensation, sensitiveness,

580
 SEQUESTER

sensitivity, sharpness, susceptibility, sympathy, taste SEPARATE, adjective alone, apart, asunder, depart-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: peculiar sensibilities ing, detached, different, disassociated, disconnected, disi-
unctus, disjoined, disjointed, disjunct, disparate, disre-
SENSIBLE, adjective advisable, apprised, astute, con- lated, dissimilar, dissociated, distinct, disunited, divergent,
scious, cool-headed, discerning, discreet, discriminating, diverse, divided, divorced, independent, individual, insu-
enlightened, farsighted, informed, intelligent, judicious, lar, isolated, lone, loose, parted, removed, secluded,
justifiable, knowing, knowledgeable, levelheaded, logical, secretus, segregated, separated, separatus, set apart, sev-
observant, palpable, perceptive, politic, prudens, prudent, ered, solitary, split, sundered, unaccompanied, unaffiliated,
ratiocinative, rational, reasonable, sagacious, sage, sane, unallied, unassociated, unattached, unattended, uncon-
sapient, sapiential, shrewd, sober, sound, thinking, thought- nected
ful, understanding, well-advised, wise ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: separate action, separate cause of
action, separate maintenance
SENSITIVE (Discerning), adjective aesthetic, alert,
alive to, apperceptive, appercipient, astute, attentive, SEPARATE, verb alienate, break, break off, break up,
awake to, aware, cognizant, conscious, critical, discrimi- cleave, come apart, come between, cut adrift, cut off, de-
nating, discriminative, fastidious, heedful, keen, mindful, tach, disassociate, disband, disconnect, disengage, disiun-
observant, penetrating, perceptive, percipient, perspica- gere, disjoin, dismember, dispart, disperse, dissever, disso-
cious, quick of apprehension, responsive, sensilis, sen- ciate, dissolve, disunite, divide, exclude, fractionize, hold
tient, understanding apart, intersect, keep apart, part, part company, part ways,
rend, rive, rupture, section, sectionalize, segment, segre-
SENSITIVE (Easily affected), adjective easily excited, gate, separare, set apart, sever, splinter, split, split up,
easily offended, emotive, feeling, high-strung, hypercriti- sunder, tear, unbind, uncouple, unloose, unmarry, unravel,
cal, impassionable, impressible, impressionable, irritable, untie, unyoke, winnow
merciful, mollis, moving, overemotional, peevish, percep- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: annul, divorce
tive, quick-tempered, reactive, sentimental, softhearted,
susceptible, susceptive, sympathetic, temperamental, SEPARATION, noun alienation, breach, break, cleavage,
tenderhearted, touchy, uncontrolled detachment, disassociation, disiunctio, disseverance, disso-
ciation, dissolution, dissolution of marriage, disunion, divi-
SENTENCE, noun adjudication, award of punishment, sion, divorce, divorcement, estrangement, legal dissolution
censure, conviction, decision, declaration of penalty, decree of marriage, parting, rending, rupture, separatio, severance,
of punishment, decretum, determination, determined pun- split, sundering, tearing, termination of marital cohabitation,
ishment, doom, edict, formally pronounced judgment, iudi- uncoupling
cium, order of penalty, order of the court, penalty, pre- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: judgment of separation, judicial
scribed punishment, pronouncement, punishment, ruling, separation, just cause for separation, legal separation,
verdict separation agreement, separation by consent, separation
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: concurrent sentences, consecutive
decree, separation of powers, separation order, voluntary
sentences, cumulative sentences, excessive sentence, inde- separation
terminative sentence, life sentence, presentence hearing,
suspended sentence
SEQUACIOUS, adjective accommodating, acquies-
cent, adaptable, amenable, bendable, bending, compliant,
SENTENCE, verb adjudge, bring in a verdict, commit,
deferential, dependent, docile, ductile, easily influenced,
condemn, condemnare, convict, damnare, decide, declare
easily led, easily taught, easygoing, elastic, facile, fictile,
guilty of an offense, decree, determine, find, find guilty,
flexible, flexile, giving, governable, impressible, impres-
hold, immure, impose penalty, imprison, inflict penalty,
sionable, lacking individuality, malleable, manageable,
multare, order, pass judgment upon, prescribe punish-
meek, moldable, obedient, obeisant, obliging, obsequious,
ment, pronounce guilty, pronounce judgment, proscribe,
passive, plastic, pliable, pliant, reverential, servile, slavish,
reprobate
submissive, subordinate, sycophantic, teachable, toadying,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: presentence report
tractable, unassertive, undeviating, unimaginative, without
originality, yielding
SENTENTIOUS, adjective abridged, aphoristic, apo-
thegmatic, blunt, commatic, compact, compressed, con-
cise, condensed, direct, economical of words, epigram- SEQUENCE, noun alternation, arrangement, array, cat-
matic, epigrammatical, expressive, full of meaning, gnomic, enation, chain, classification, concatenation, consecution,
laconic, meaningful, meaty, packed with meaning, pithy, continuum, cycle, flow, gradation, group, list, logical order,
pointed, precise, sententiosus, sparing of words, succinct, nexus, order, ordo, procession, progression, rotation, seri-
summarized, telegraphic, terse, to the point alization, string, succession

SENTIMENT, noun angle, attitude, belief, chord, con- SEQUESTER (Seclude), verb cloister, closet, conceal,
viction, emotion, feeling, impression, mind, notion, opin- confine, exclude, isolate, quarantine, remove, retire, secret,
ion, outlook, passion, perception, perspective, receptivity, segregate, separate, withdraw
response, sensation, sense, standpoint, thoughts, view, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: sequester a jury, sequester a wit-
viewpoint ness

SEPARABLE, adjective breakable, cleavable, detach- SEQUESTER (Seize property), verb annex, appropriate,
able, divisible, partible, severable arrogate, attach, confiscate, dispossess, distrain, impound,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: joint and separable liability, separabil- impress, levy, preempt, replevy, separate, sequestrate, set
ity of arbitration, separable controversy, separable interest, apart, set aside, take, take hold of, wrest
separate provision ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: sequester assets

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 SEQUESTRATION

SEQUESTRATION (Financial funds withheld), noun humilis, ingratiating, low, mean, meek, menial, obedient,
across-the-board cuts imposed, automatic budget cuts, obeisant, obsequious, passive, prostrate, respectful, servilis,
balancing the budget, cut in government spending, fiscal slavish, subject, submissive, subordinate, supple, sycophan-
constraints which are automatically imposed, increased tic, tractable, truckling, unassertive, unresisting, vernile
savings, process to cut the deficit, reduced spending, re-
duction in spending, separation SERVITUDE, noun bonds, burden, captivity, charge, com-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: sequestration of budget cuts to curtail pulsion, enslavement, enthrallment, fetters, helotism, helotry,
the deficit indenture, obedience, oppression, restraint, service, servi-
tium, servitus, slavery, subjection, subjugation, submission,
SEQUESTRATION (Isolation of a jury), noun insulation subordination, subservience, suppression, thrall, thralldom
of a jury, isolation of jury deliberations, means to ensure ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: involuntary servitude, penal servitude,
privacy for a jury, private deliberations of a jury, segregation real servitude
of a jury, separation of a jury
SESQUIPEDALIAN, adjective grandiloquent, lengthy,
SERIAL, noun consecution, fascicle, issue, periodical, long, magniloquent, multisyllabic, pedantic, sonorous
procession, progression, series, successive portion
SESSION, noun assembly, audience, caucus, conclave,
SERIOUS (Devoted), adjective ardent, assiduous, de- conference, congregation, congress, consultation, conven-
cided, dedicated, determined, devout, dogged, dutiful, tion, conventus, convocation, council, diet, forgathering,
eager, earnest, faithful, fervent, firm, fixed, intent, loyal, forum, gathering, hearing, meeting, parley, plenum, ren-
passionate, purposeful, relentless, resolute, resolved, set- dezvous, roundtable, sitting, synod, term, union
tled, sincere, steadfast, steady, tenacious, true, uncompro- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: general sessions, joint session, regular
mising, unfaltering, unswerving, unyielding, zealous session, session laws, special sessions
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: serious crime, serious wrongdoing
SET APART, adjective cloistered, covert, demarcated,
SERIOUS (Grave), adjective austerus, consequential, distinct, distinguished, hidden, isolated, remote, secluded,
critical, crucial, dangerous, dire, dreadful, fatal, gravis, secret, separate, separated, sheltered
great, grim, highly serious, important, intense, momen-
tous, pensive, pressing, serius, severe, severus, sober, sol- SET ASIDE (Annul), verb abandon, abjure, abnegate,
emn, stern, weighty abrogate, accumulate, amass, cast off, discard, dispense
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: serious and willful misconduct, serious with, dispose of, disuse, drop, omit, reject, relegate,
bodily injury, serious crime, serious harm, serious wrong- relinquish, renounce, repudiate, shunt, spurn
doing ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: set aside a verdict

SERVE (Assist), verb accommodate, administer to, ad- SET ASIDE (Reserve), verb keep in reserve, lay aside,
vance, afford aid, aid, assist, attend, be of use, care for, pigeonhole, pile up, put aside, put away, save up, set apart,
come to the aid of, commodare, comply, confer a benefit, shelve, store up
contribute to, cooperate, deservire, discharge one’s duty,
do a service, do one’s bidding, fill an office, forward, furnish SET DOWN, verb book, calender, chronicle, commit to
aid, furnish assistance, give help, help, lend aid, minister to, writing, docket, enter, jot down, line up, list, note, place,
promote, render help, servire, submit, succor, supply aid, plan, post, program, put on record, record, register,
take care of, tend, wait on, work for schedule, slate
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: set down for trial
SERVE (Deliver a legal instrument), verb afford notice,
deliver, deliver a summons and complaint, deliver over, SET FORTH, verb allege, argue, articulate, assert, char-
forward, give notice to, hand over, issue, make delivery of acterize, cite, commence, communicate, contend, convey,
legal process, present, subpoena, summon, turn over declare, delineate, demonstrate, depict, describe, detail,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: serve with process develop, disclose, display, divulge, enunciate, evince,
expound, express, illustrate, issue, manifest, plead, por-
SERVICE (Assistance), noun abetment, accommodation, tray, posit, present, proclaim, profess, proffer, promul-
advice, aid, attendance, backing, benefit, care, cooperation, gate, propose, propound, reason, recite, recount, relate,
favor, guidance, help, helping hand, ministerium, ministra- render, report, represent, show, signify, state, trace, unfold
tion, opera, relief, succor, support, useful office, usefulness ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: set forth the allegations of a crime
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: essential service, professional service,
public service, service contract, service mark SETBACK, noun breakdown, comedown, decline, de-
scent, disappointment, downfall, failure, frustration, im-
SERVICE (Delivery of legal process), noun commence- pediment, knock, lapse, letdown, loss, obstacle, recession,
ment of an action, delivery of a writ, delivery of process, regression, relapse, retrogression, reversal, reversion, set-
handing over legal papers, institution of proceedings, noti- back, snag, turnabout, turnaround
fication of legal action
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: actual service of process, constructive SETOFF, noun allowance, balance, compensation,
service of process, personal service, service by mail, service counter, counter demand, counterbalance, credit, equaliza-
by publication, service of notice, service of subpoena, ser- tion, equivalent, offset, opposite, outstanding indebted-
vice of summons, service rendered, special service, substi- ness, satisfaction
tuted service of process ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: affirmative defense, counterclaim

SERVILE, adjective abiectus, abject, compliant, deferen- SETTLE, verb settle order on notice, accommodate, ad-
tial, downtrodden, fawning, groveling, harnessed, humble, just, agree, agree upon, approve, arrange, arrange matters,

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 SHAMBLES

arrange matters in dispute, ascertain, bring to terms, bring churlish, coercive, cold, condemnatory, critical, cruel, des-
together, clear up, come to a determination, come to an potic, difficult, domineering, dour, drastic, durus, exacting,
agreement, come to an understanding, come to terms, com- excruciating, exigent, faultfinding, fierce, firm, forbidding,
promise, conclude, conficere, constituere, decide, deter- furious, grievous, grim, gruff, hard, hard to endure, harsh,
mine, determine once for all, dispose of, end, even the hypercritical, ill-natured, ill-tempered, immovable, impla-
score, harmonize, make a compact, mend, negotiate, put in cable, inclement, inexorable, inflexible, insufferable, in-
order, reach a compromise, reconcile, rectify, resolve, re- tense, intractable, ironclad, ironhanded, mordant, nasty,
store harmony, set at rest, set in place, settle, solve, stabilize, obdurate, oppressive, overbearing, overpowering, painful,
straighten out, strike a bargain, work out peremptory, pitiless, punitive, puritanic, puritanical, raging,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: settle a bill of exceptions, settle a relentless, rigid, rigorous, rough, rugged, ruthless, savage,
claim, settle a judgment, settle an account, settle an estate, severus, sharp, sour, stark, stern, stiff, stinging, stony,
settle an order, settle issues, settle property, settled account stony-hearted, stormy, straitlaced, strict, stringent, stub-
born, tempestuous, tough, trying, tyrannical, unbending,
SETTLED METHOD, noun accordance, common prac- uncompromising, unfeeling, ungentle, ungracious, unjust,
tice, compliance, conformity, conventionalism, convention- unkind, unmerciful, unmitigated, unrelenting, unsparing,
ality, custom, established mode, formality, mere form, ob- unyielding, vicious, vindictive, violent
servance of form, prescription, propriety, protocol, rigidity, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: severe penalties
rule of procedure, usual custom
SEVERE WEATHER, idiom astringent weather condi-
SETTLEMENT, noun accommodation, adjustment, tions, austere climate conditions, bitter weather conditions,
agreement, arrangement, arrangement of difficulties, bar- cruel weather, extreme weather, harsh weather, onerous
gain, compositio, composure of differences, composure of weather conditions, pitiless, unrelenting weather, unspar-
doubts, compromise, conciliation, concordat, constitutio, ing weather
contract, determination by agreement, discharge, disposi- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: environmental conservation
tion, final terms, negotiation, pact, pactum, payment,
reconciliation, release, satisfaction, set of terms, terms, SEVERITY, noun acerbitas, acerbity, acrimony, asperity,
understanding austerity, causticity, cruel treatment, cruelty, ferity, fero-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: deed of settlement, final settlement, ciousness, ferocity, fierceness, force, fury, gravitas, gravity,
settlement of a case, voluntary settlement grimness, harshness, inclemency, inexorability, inflexibility,
inhumanity, intensity, might, relentlessness, rigor, rigorous-
SEVER, verb break apart, break off, cleave, cut, cut ness, ruthlessness, savagery, seriousness, severitas, sharp-
adrift, detach, dirimere, disband, disconnect, disengage, ness, sternness, strictness, stringency, turbulence, tyranny,
disjoin, dismember, dispair, dispart, dissever, dissociate, unkindness, venom, violence, virulence
dissolve, disunite, divide, dividere, divorce, fissure, isolate,
keep apart, lacerate, lop off, part, partition, rend, rend SEXUAL ABUSE, noun molestation, rape, sex offender,
asunder, rive, rupture, segment, segregate, separare, sepa- sexual assault, sexual harassment
rate, set apart, slit, splinter, split, subdivide, sunder, tear, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: Megan’s Law
unbind, uncouple, unfasten, untie, wrench
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: sever a claim, sever a party, sever an SEXUAL ASSAULT, noun crime, criminal action, crimi-
action, severable cause of action, severable contract nal activity, criminal offense, felony, illegal action, illegality,
offense against the state, serious offense against law, sex-
SEVERABLE, adjective apportionable, cleavable, de- ual abuse, sexual attack, sexual force, sexual injury
tachable, dissoluable, dividual, dividuus, divisible, fissile,
fissionable, fractional, partible, scissile, separabilis, separa- SEXUAL HARASSMENT, noun actionable annoyance
ble at place of employment, actionable conduct, gender ha-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: severable contract, severable statute rassment in the workplace, offensive verbal abuse in the
workplace, plan of physical harassment by superiors, policy
SEVERAL (Plural), adjective assorted, certain, diverse, of verbal harassment by superiors, unsolicited physical be-
few, more than one, some, sundry havior in the workplace, unsolicited verbal abuse in the
workplace, unwarranted advances, unwelcome sexual ad-
SEVERAL (Separate), adjective appropriate, certain, vances, verbal abuse at work
chosen, definite, different, distinctive, distinguishable, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: hostile workplace
exclusive, fixed, independent, marked, peculiar, personal,
private, proper, representative, singular, unique SHALL, verb as required will, by compulsion will, by
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: several defendants, several liability, imperative will, mandatorily will, obligatorily will
several ownership, several tracts, several trusts, several ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: shall be lawful, shall be legal, shall
transactions, severally become, shall give, shall have, shall not, shall perform,
shall work
SEVERANCE, noun bifurcation, cleavage, demarcation,
detachment, differentiation, disassociation, discrimination, SHAM, noun chicanery, counterfeit, deception, delu-
distinction, distinguishment, division, divorce, fission, iso- sion, dolus, fabrication, fake, fallacia, false show, feint, forg-
lation, scission, segregation, separation, sunderance, with- ery, fraud, fraus, guise, imitation, impersonation, impostor,
drawal imposture, masquerade, misrepresentation, mock, pretense,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: severance damage, severance of stat- reproduction, simulacrum, simulation, trick, trickery
ute, severance pay, severance tax ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: sham defense, sham pleading

SEVERE, adjective acrimonious, afflictive, agonizing, SHAMBLES, noun cataclysm, chaos, confusion, destruc-
astringent, austere, austerus, bearish, brutal, censorious, tion, disorder, disorganization, disruption, havoc, holocaust,

583
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jumble, laniena, madhouse, maelstrom, mayhem, mess, SHIFTING, adjective alternating, changeable, changing,
pandemonium, scene of destruction, scene of disorder, state deviating, digressive, discursive, drifting, fluctuating, incon-
of violence, turmoil, upheaval, uproar, welter stant, interim, roaming, roving, straying, transient, transi-
tory, uncertain, vacillating, varying, wandering, wavering
SHAME, noun abasement, abjectness, abuse, asper- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: shifting risk, shifting the burden of
sion, attaint, bad name, baseness, blot, contempt, de- proof, shifting trust, shifting use
basement, defamation, defilement, degradation, dis-
credit, disesteem, disfavor, disgrace, dishonor, disrepute, SHIP, verb bestow, contribute, convey, deliver, export,
disrespect, humiliation, ignominia, ignominy, ill repute, forward, import, pass, present, resend, return, send, trans-
infamia, infamy, loss of honor, loss of reputation, oblo- port
quy, odium, opprobrium, reproach, scandal, scorn, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: Interstate Commerce Clause
smirch, stain, stigma, taint, tarnish, tarnished honor, tur-
pitude, vileness SHIRK, verb abstain, avoid, cheat, detrectare, dodge,
duck, elude, escape from, evade, funk, ignore, keep away
SHAPE, noun appearance, build, cast, color, complex- from, leave undone, malinger, neglect, quit, refuse, run
ion, condition, configuration, contour, criterion, cut, delin- from, shrink, shun, slink away, stay away, steer clear
eation, fashion, feature, features, figure, form, frame, guise,
image, impression, likeness, look, manner, mien, mode, SHOCK, verb amaze, astound, awe, daunt, discomfort,
mold, motif, organization, outline, pattern, physique, pos- discompose, disconcert, displease, disquiet, distress, dis-
ture, presence, profile, seeming, semblance, state, struc- turb, offend, outrage, overpower, overwhelm, perturb,
ture, style, turn repel, revolt, shake, startle, surprise, terrify, terrorize, un-
nerve, unsettle, unstring, upset
SHAPE, verb adapt, carve, compose, conform, create,
delineate, design, devise, fashion, figure, form, formalize, SHOOTING, noun accident, battle, gun down, killing,
formulate, frame, influence, make, manufacture, model, massacre, murder, raid, tragedy, war
mold, pattern, produce, sculpture, style, tailor ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: manslaughter, murder
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: shaping of a claim, shaping of a defense
SHORT (Brief), adjective abbreviated, abridged, com-
SHARE (Interest), noun allocation, allotment, appor- pact, compressed, concise, condensed, crisp, cursory, cur-
tioned lot, commission, dole, measure, pars, part, percent, tailed, deficient, delinquent, devoid, fleet, fleeting, fuga-
percentage, portion, proportion, quotum, ratio, ration, cious, hasty, laconic, meager, minimal, momentary,
right, section, segment, slice perfunctory, petulant, poor, quick, scarce, short-lived, shy,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: distributive share, equal share, share skimpy, sparse, succinct, temporary, terse, transient, unele-
and share alike, share of capital, similiar share vated
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: short clause, short form decision of
SHARE (Stock), noun asset, capital, corporate interest, the court, short notice
holding, invested property, investment, property, security,
stockholding SHORT (Caustic), adjective abrupt, acetous, acrimoni-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bank shares, corporate shares, share ous, blunt, brusque, curt, discourteous, froward, grouchy,
of corporate stock, shareholder, treasury shares gruff, impolite, irascible, peevish, sharp, sour, sullen, surly,
terse, touchy, testy, trenchant, ungraceful, volatile
SHAREHOLDER, noun investor, owner, property owner,
stockholder, stockholder of record, stockowner SHORT (Imperfect), adjective defective, inadequate,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: shareholder action, shareholder’s incommensurate, incomplete, insufficient, lacking, low,
derivative suit meager, needing, sparse, unenduring, wanting

SHED LIGHT ON, verb account for, clarify, clear the air, SHORTAGE, noun absence, crunch, dearth, deficiency,
clear up, decipher, demonstrate, demystify, elucidate, en- deficit, delinquency, drought, failure, famine, inadequacy,
lighten, explain, explain away, explain oneself, explain the inadequateness, insufficiency, lack, lacuna, need, paucity,
meaning of, expound on, get to the bottom of, get to the pinch, poverty, scantiness, scarceness, scarcity, shortage,
heart of, illuminate, illustrate, interpret, make sense of, undersupply, want
provide insight, provide reason for, provide the meaning
of, show, solve, spell out, unfold, unlock, unravel SHORTCOMING, noun Achilles’ heel, blemish, defi-
ciency, demerit, dereliction, difficulty to overcome, disad-
SHELTER (Protection), noun aid, asylum, care, cover, vantage, failing, fall, flaw, foible, frailty, handicap, imperfec-
covering, coverture, defense, habitation, harbor, haven, tion, inability, lack, nemesis, sin, soft spot, vice, want,
home, house, lodging, place of refuge, preservation, ref- weakness
uge, retreat, roof, safety, sanctuary, screen, security, shield,
stronghold, support SHORTEN, verb abbreviate, abridge, compress, con-
strict, contract, curtail, cut back, decrease, diminish, elide,
SHELTER (Tax benefit), noun advantage, gain, hedge, encapsulate, epitomize, minimize, modify, pare, prune,
refuge, security, tax haven, tax sanctuary reduce, shrink, slash, subtract, sum up, summarize, synco-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: tax shelter pate, taper, trim, truncate

SHIELD, noun aegis, buckler, buffer, bulwark, clipeus, SHORTSIGHTED, adjective careless, extravagant,
cover, covert, coverture, defense, guard, protection, pro- heedless, imprudent, incautious, indulgent, injudicious,
tector, rampart, refuge, safeguard, sanctuary, screen, scu- mindless, myopic, prodigal, profligate, reckless, spendthrift,
tum, security, shelter thriftless, unguarded, unsafe, unwary, unwise, wasteful

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 SIGNIFICANCE

SHOW (Display), noun affectation, amusement, ap- SIDE, noun affiliation, angle, aspect, body of partisans,
pearance, array, ceremony, chance, color, deceptive appear- cause, coalition, conception, direction, facet, faction, out-
ance, delusion, demonstration, distortion, exhibit, exhibi- look, pars, party, point of view, position, sect, slant, stand-
tion, expression, facade, flashiness, flourish, frills, front, point, surface, verge, view, viewpoint
illusion, impression, manifestation, materialization, occa-
sion, outward show, parade, phenomenon, pomp, pompos- SIDE, verb advocate, aid, assist, back up, befriend, bol-
ity, pompousness, pose, presence, pretense, pretext, reve- ster, brace, buttress, champion, defend, encourage, en-
lation, scene, semblance, show, showiness, sight, simulation, dorse, favor, further, help, plead for, promote, protect, rally
specious appearance, splash, trick, veneer, window dressing around, reinforce, second, stand behind, stand by, stick up
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: show cause for, strengthen, support, sustain, take the part of, unite
with, uphold, vote for, vouch for
SHOW (Production), noun entertainment, exhibition,
exposition, performance, presentation, spectacle SIEGE, noun assault, battle, confinement, containment,
counterblockade, encampment, encirclement, encompass-
SHOW (Come into view), verb be seen, be visible, bring ment, incarceration, insulation, internment, invasion, isola-
under notice, make one see, materialize, present oneself tion, quarantine, raid, seclusion, segregation

SHOW (Detail), verb adduce, attest, bare, be visible, SIGHT (Appearance), noun apparency, curiosity, dis-
bear, cite, clarify, demean, demonstrate, denote, depict, play, effect, exposure, figure, front, glance, guise, impres-
designate, detail, disclose, display, document, edify, edu- sion, inspection, ken, mien, object, panorama, perception,
cate, establish, evidence, evince, exemplify, exhibit, ex- perspective, phenomenon, prospect, regard, respect,
plain, expose, express, furnish evidence, illustrate, indicate, scene, scrutiny, show, spectacle, view, vision, vista
inform, instruct, lay bare, make known, manifest, point out,
point the way, portray, present, present oneself, produce, SIGHT (Condition), noun complexion, eyesore, fright,
prove, render, represent, reveal, set forth, set straight, sig- look, mess
nify, specify, tell, testify, unveil, unfold, unmask
SIGHT (Eyesight), noun eyeshot, field of view, line of
SHOW CAUSE, verb present a case, present argument, sight, range or scope of vision, visualization
present cause, present reason, show grounds for
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: order to show cause SIGHT, verb behold, contemplate, descry, detect, dis-
cern, distinguish, espy, gape, gaze, glimpse, look, look on
SHOWING, noun appearance, authentication, broad- or upon, notice, observe, peek, peer, perceive, recognize,
cast, communication, declaration, demonstration, display, regard, scan, scrutinize, see, set one’s sights, set or lay eyes
dispute, documentation, evidence, explanation, exposé, on, spot, spy, study, survey, view, take in, witness
manifestation, parade, placard, projection, proof, substan-
tiation, support SIGN, verb accept, accredit, acknowledge, affix a
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: showing of evidence, showing of proof signature, affix one’s name, affix one’s signature to, agree
to, approve, authenticate, authorize, autograph, certify,
SHRINK, verb abbreviate, abridge, compress, constrict, confirm, consignare, covenant, enter into a contract, exe-
contract, curtail, cut back, decrease, diminish, dock, elide, cute, indorse, initial, inscribe one’s name, inscribe one’s
encapsulate, epitomize, minimize, modify, pare, prune, signature, license, paraph, ratify, sanction, seal, set one’s
reduce, shrink, slash, subtract, sum up, syncopate, taper, name to, subscribe, subscribere, undersign, underwrite,
trim, truncate validate
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: countersign
SHROUD, verb adumbrate, becloud, befog, blanket,
bury, cloak, closet, conceal, cover, curtain, darken, eclipse, SIGN OVER, verb assign, bequeath, bestow, commit,
encase, ensconce, envelop, enwrap, hide, mask, muffle, confer, consign, contribute, deliver, donate, entrust,
obscure, overshadow, protect, render invisible, screen, se- grant, hand down, hand over, lease, leave, lend, let,
clude, sheathe, shelter, suppress, tegere, veil, velare, wrap move, pass, pass down, present, release, relinquish, sur-
render, transfer, transmit, trust, turn in, turn over, vest,
SHUN, verb abhor, abstain, avoid, back away, boycott, will, yield
bypass, circumvent, cold-shoulder, defugere, deliberately ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: assignment of a contract, assignment
avoid, disregard, dodge, draw back, elude, escape, es- of a lease
chew, evade, give a wide berth to, have no part of, have
nothing to do with, hide from, ignore, keep away from, SIGNAL, noun flag, gesticulation, gesture, indication,
keep clear of, keep one’s distance, leave, let alone, malin- indicator, knell, lights, manifestation, means of communica-
ger, neglect, rebuff, recoil from, refrain, shirk, shrink from, tion, motion, posture, red light, sign, sign language, signi-
shy away from, snub, spurn, stay away from, steer clear of, fication, tocsin
turn aside, turn away from, vitare, ward off
SIGNIFICANCE, noun bearing, concern, concernment,
SHUT, verb bar, barricade, block, block off, block up, consequence, distinction, eminence, essentiality, excel-
blockade, bound, bung, button, cease, choke off, clasp, lence, force, gist, gravity, greatness, import, importance,
claudere, cloister, close, close down, cork, corral, cover, interest, mark, materiality, materialness, matter, meaning,
dam, discontinue, encase, enclose, end, envelop, enwrap, merit, moment, momentousness, notability, note, para-
fasten, fence in, finish, halt, hem in, includere, intern, mountcy, pith, portent, precedence, preeminence, primacy,
latch, lock, obstruct, occlude, plug, prevent passage, re- priority, prominence, relevance, salience, salient point, seri-
tard flow, seal, secure, shut down, stop, stop up, stopper, ousness, significatio, signification, substance, substantiality,
terminate, throttle, turn off supremacy, value, vis, weight, weightiness, worth

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 SIGNIFICATION

SIGNIFICATION, noun acceptation, aim, connotation, SIMPLIFY (Make easier), verb disentangle, make plain,
designation, drift, effect, essence, explanation, force, gist, streamline, uncomplicate, unravel
impact, implication, import, importance, indication, infer-
ence, intent, intention, interpretation, meaning, meat, SIMULATE, verb act, copy, counterfeit, fabricate, feign,
moral, object, pith, point, purport, purpose, sense, signifi- imitate, make believe, mock, play-act, pretend, represent
cance, significatio, substance, tenor, value, vis, worth ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: simulated conveyance, simulated sale,
simulation
SIGNIFY (Denote), verb betoken, connotate, connote,
delineate, demonstrate, depict, evidence, evince, exemplify, SIMULTANEOUS, adjective accompanying, at the
hint, illustrate, imply, indicate, insinuates, intimate, manifest, same time, coetaneous, coeval, coexistent, coexisting,
mark, mean, point out, portray, purport, represent, reveal, coincident, coinstantaneous, concomitant, concurrent,
show, stand for, suggest, symbolize, tell of, typify contemporaneous, contemporary, cotemporary, eodem
tempore, in concert, simul, synchronal, synchronic, syn-
SIGNIFY (Inform), verb acquaint, advance, advise, air, an- chronical, synchronistic, synchronistical, synchronous
nounce, apprise, assert, bruit, caution, communicate, convey, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: simultaneous death
convey knowledge, declare, demonstrate, designate, direct
the attention to, disclose, disseminate, divulge, enlighten, SIN, noun breach, crime, debt, error, lawbreaking, mal-
enumerate, express, give notice, give sign, impart, instruct, efaction, misdeed, misdoing, offensive act, offensive
issue, make known, make obvious, make plain, make public, action, transgression, trespass, violation, wrongdoing
mention, notify, proclaim, promulgate, publish, report, re-
veal, set forth, specify, state, stipulate, tell, vent, voice SINCERE, adjective aboveboard, bona fide, candid,
deceitless, direct, earnest, faithful, fervent, forthright, frank,
SILENCE, noun absolute quiet, hush, lack of sound, genuine, guileless, honest, open, pure, real, reliable, scru-
noiselessness, quiescence, quiescency, quiet, quietness, pulous, serious, straight, straightforward, true, trustworthy,
quietude, silentium, soundlessness, speechlessness, still- truthful, undeceitful, veracious, wholehearted
ness, suppression of sound, taciturnitas, wordlessness
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: estopped by silence, silence as an SINE DIE, adverb at no period, at no time, never, never
admission again, on no occasion, without date
FOREIGN PHRASES: Qui tacet, consentire videtur. He who is
silent is deemed to consent. Qui tacet consentire videtur, SINE QUA NON, noun absolute condition, absolute
ubi tractatur de ejus commodo. He who is silent is prerequisite, antecedent, condition, contingency, essential
deemed to consent, when his interest is at stake. clause, essential condition, essential matter, essential part,
essential qualification, indispensable condition, indispens-
SIMILAR, adjective agreeing, allied, analogous, ap- able item, necessity, precondition, prerequisite, prime
proximate, close, cognate, collateral, companion, compa- constituent, prime ingredient, qualification, requirement,
rable, conformable, congeneric, congenerical, congruent, vital concern
connatural, consimilar, consubstantial, correspondent, cor-
responding, equivalent, homogeneous, identical, indistin- SINECURE, noun easily managed job, easy chore, easy
guishable, kindred, like, matching, par, parallel, related, employment, easy job, easy labor, effortless assignment,
resembling, same, similis, synonymous, twin, uniform effortless employment, effortless undertaking, effortless
FOREIGN PHRASES: Ubi eadem ratio, ibi idem jus; et de si- work, light labor, light work, simple job, soft job, unde-
milibus, idem est judicium. Where there is the same manding chore, undemanding job, undemanding task
reason, there is the same law; and where there are similar
situations, the judgment is the same. SINEW, noun brawn, brawniness, effectiveness, endur-
ance, energy, force, forcefulness, grit, lustiness, might,
SIMILARITY, noun affinity, alikeness, analogousness, muscle, nervus, potence, potency, power, powerfulness,
analogy, community, comparability, correlation, correspon- robustness, stamina, staying power, strength, thews, vigor,
dence, equation, equivalence, identicalness, likeness, par- vigorousness
allelism, parity, relation, resemblance, sameness, sem-
blance, similitude SINGLE (Singular), adjective exclusive, individual,
lone, one of a kind, only, particular, unattached
SIMPLE, adjective artless, bare, basal, basic, clear, crude,
downright, elemental, elementary, frank, free of duplicity, SINGLE (Unmarried), adjective detached, discon-
fundamental, guileless, homespun, homogeneous, inartifi- nected, discrete, free, freestanding, uncommon, uncon-
cial, incomplex, inconditus, ingenuous, inornate, intelligi- nected, unshared, unwed
ble, irreducible, mere, natural, open, plain, primary, pure,
rudimentary, rustic, simple-minded, simplex, simplified, SINGULAR, adjective different, distinct, eccentric, egre-
sincere, sincerus, single, straightforward, unadorned, un- gius, eminent, especial, exceptional, exclusive, extraordi-
adulterated, unaffected, unalloyed, unblended, uncom- nary, individual, isolated, lone, matchless, nonpareil, odd,
bined, uncomplicated, uncompounded, unconstrained, un- out of the ordinary, particular, peculiar, peerless, queer, rare,
decorated, understandable, undesigning, unembellished, remarkable, separate, single, singularis, sole, special, unac-
uninvolved, unmingled, unmixed, unpretentious, unsophis- companied, uncommon, uncustomary, unequaled, unexam-
ticated, unstudied, unvarnished, without confusion pled, unicus, unique, unparalleled, unprecedented, unusual
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: simple assault, simple battery, simple
contract, simple larceny, simple will SINISTER, adjective alarming, baleful, baneful, blame-
worthy, censurable, cold-blooded, comminatory, con-
SIMPLIFY (Clarify), verb clear up, elucidate, explain, scienceless, contemptible, corrupt, creepy, cruel, culpable,
make clear, make plain, unfold, untwist dangerous, demoniac, demoniacal, deserving of

586
 SLIPSHOD

condemnation, designing, despiteful, destructive, detri- questioning, quizzical, scoffing, suspecting, suspicious, un-
mental, diabolic, diabolical, dishonest, disingenuous, dis- believing, uncertain, unorthodox, unsure, untrusting, wary
maying, disquieting, disreputable, disturbing, dreadful,
eerie, envenomed, evil, exceptionable, facinorous, fear-in- SKILL, noun ability, adeptness, adroitness, aptitude,
spiring, fearsome, fiendish, flagitious, flawed, frightening, aptness, art, artistry, cleverness, command, competence,
ghoulish, harmful, heartless, heinous, horrible, horrid, hurt- craft, cunning, deftness, dexterity, ease, endowment, ex-
ful, ignoble, ill-disposed, illaudable, immeritorious, im- cellence, experience, expertness, facility, felicity, finesse,
moral, impious, inauspicious, infamous, injurious, inqui- fluency, gift, handiness, ingeniousness, ingenuity, knack,
tous, insidious, intimidating, lawless, malefic, maleficent, knowledge, mastery, peritia, proficiency, prowess, quick-
maleficial, malevolent, malicious, malign, malignant, men- ness, scientia, sollertia, talent
acing, minatory, mischievous, miscreant, murderous, ne-
farious, nocuous, noisome, noxious, obliquitous, peccable, SLANDER, noun abusive language, accusation, asper-
peccant, pernicious, perverse, portending evil, pravus, sion, calumnia, calumniation, calumny, censure, character
presageful, rascally, remorseless, reprehensible, satanic, assassination, criminatio, damaging report, defamation,
scatheful, scheming, scoundrelly, sinful, spiteful, tainted, defamatory words, denigration, denunciation, disparage-
terrible, threatening, treacherous, truculent, unbenevolent, ment, execration, false report, imprecation, insinuation, in-
uncommendable, unfair, unfavorable, unjustifiable, unprin- vective, libel, maledictio, malicious report, obloquy, op-
cipled, unpromising, unpropitious, unrighteous, untrust- probrium, reproach, revilement, scandal, scurrility, slur,
worthy, unwholesome, venomous, villainous, virulent, smear, stricture, traducement, vilification
wicked, worthy of blame, wrong ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: malice, publication, slander of title,
slander per quod, slander per se
SINUOUS, adjective ambagious, ambagitory, anfractu-
ous, circuitous, coiled, complex, complicated, convolute, SLANT, verb angle, bias, color, distort, doctor, embroi-
convoluted, convolutional, crooked, curved, curvilinear, der, exaggerate, falsify, incline, interpret falsely, misapply,
deviating, deviative, devious, entangled, flexuous, indirect, miscolor, misconstrue, misdirect, misinterpret, misquote,
intricate, involute, involuted, involutional, involutionary, in- misrender, misrepresent, misstate, overstate, pervert, pre-
volved, labyrinthian, labyrinthine, mazy, meandering, mean- dispose, prejudice, prepossess, stretch, turn, twist, varnish,
drous, oblique, plexiform, rambling, reticular, roundabout, veer, warp, wrest
serpentine, sinuate, sinuosus, snaky, spiral, tangled, tortile,
tortuous, turning, twisted, twisting, volute, winding, zigzag SLAPP SUIT, noun action against public, action to
deter protests, harassment through legal means, infliction
SITE, noun address, base, environs, habitat, locale, lo- of punishment for protesting, judicial process as a means to
cality, location, neighborhood, place, position, setting, situ- discourage protests, lawsuit to deter opposition, litigation
ation, situs, stead, territory, vicinity to deter opposition, participation suit, retaliation for pro-
tests, retribution for protesting, retributive justice, scare
SITE, verb arrange, assign, base, center, localize, locate, tactics, strategic lawsuit, vengeance
place, position, situate ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: antislapp suit

SITUATED, adjective anchored, bestead, conlocatus, SLAY, verb annihilate, assassinate, deprive of life, de-
embedded, ensconced, established, fixed, found, housed, stroy, dispatch, dispose of, execute, exterminate, interfi-
implanted, installed, laid, located, lodged, occupying, cere, interimere, kill, liquidate, massacre, murder, occidere,
placed, planted, posited, positioned, positus, posted, put to death, slaughter, take a life, terminate, victimize
proximate to, put, quartered, rooted, seated, set, settled, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: homicide
situs, stationed
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: similarly situated SLIGHT, adjective ancillary, auxiliary, diminutive, ex-
iguous, exiguus, immaterial, inappreciable, inconsequen-
SITUATION, noun arrangement, case, circumstance, tial, inconsiderable, inferior, insignificant, levis, light,
circumstances, condition, crisis, environment, exigency, limited, little, meager, mean, minor, minute, modest, negli-
happening, incidence, instance, juncture, lot, mishap, oc- gible, niggardly, nonessential, nugatory, of small account,
currence, plight, position, post, posture, predicament, of small importance, paltry, petty, scant, secondary, slen-
situs, standing, state, station, status der, slim, small, stinted, subaltern, subordinate, subsidiary,
tenuis, tenuous, thin, trifling, trivial, unessential, unimport-
SITUS, noun locale, locality, location, locus, place, ant, unsubstantial
placement, point, position, site, situation ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: slight care, slight evidence, slight
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: situs of a crime fault, slight negligence

SIZE (Frequency), noun area, bigness, body, cubic con- SLIP AND FALL CASE, noun accident, action, calamity,
tent, expanse, extent, girth, intensity, quantity, scope, casualty claim, cause of action, claim, general liability claim,
tonnage, volume injurious occurrence, injury, liability claim, litigation, misfor-
tune, mishap, negligence case, personal injury case, trip
SIZE (Physical magnitude), noun amplitude, bulk, cali- and fall
ber, capacity, dimensions, extent, frequency, greatness, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: insurance, mitigating slip and fall lia-
largeness, magnitude, mass, measurement, proportions bility, trial lawyers
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: size of a market share, size of jury pool
SLIPSHOD, adjective careless, disordered, disorderly,
SKEPTICAL, adjective agnostic, cynical, disbelieving, disorganized, haphazard, heedless, imprecise, improper,
distrustful, distrusting, doubting, dubious, faithless, free- inaccurate, indifferent, inexact, lackadaisical, lax, negligent,
thinking, heretical, heterodox, iconoclastic, incredulous, offhand, orderless, poor, remiss, shabby, sloppy, slovenly,

587
 SLOTH

thoughtless, uncareful, uncaring, uncoordinated, unmeticu- seizure warrant, nontraditional warrant, surreptitious entry
lous, unneat, unorganized, unseemly, untidy search warrant

SLOTH, noun acedia, apathy, desidia, disinclination to SOBRIQUET, noun byname, cognomen, fanciful name,
action, disinclination to labor, dullness, faineance, idleness, fictitious, nickname, nom de plume, pseudonym
ignavia, inaction, inactivity, indifference, indolence, inertia,
inertness, inexertion, languidness, laxness, laziness, lead- SOCIAL SECURITY, noun insurance coverage for aged
enness, lethargy, listlessness, lumpishness, neglectfulness, Americans, retirement benefits, retirement coverage, re-
otiosity, passivity, phlegm, segnitia, shiftlessness, slack- tirement insurance, retirement protection
ness, sluggishness, stupor, supineness, torpescence, tor- Generally: economic assistance, social insurance, support
pidity, torpor, unconcern for the disabled, support of the retired

SLOWLY, adverb crawling, creeping, dallying, daw- SOCIETY, noun alliance, aristocracy, association, bloc,
dling, deliberate, dilatory, dragging, laggard, lagging, lan- body, brethren, brotherhood, circle, citizenry, civilization,
guid, leisurely, restrained, sluggish, snail-like, snail-paced, class, clique, club, coalition, colleagueship, combine,
tardy, unhurried commonwealth, community, companionship, comrade-
ship, confederacy, confederation, confraternity, consocia-
SLUR, verb brush off, bypass, denounce, disdain, dis- tion, culture, denomination, faction, federation, fellow-
grace, dishonor, disparage, disregard, forget, ignore, miss, ship, fold, folk, fraternal order, fraternity, fraternization,
overlook, pass over, reject, scant, scorn, skimp, slight, gentility, group, guild, higher class, homines, institute,
slough league, order, organization, organized group, patriciate,
peerage, polity, population, privileged class, religious
SLY, adjective arch, artful, astute, astutus, calculating, order, sect, set, sodality, tribe, union, upper class
clandestine, conniving, covert, covinous, crafty, crooked,
cunning, deceitful, deceiving, deceptious, deceptive, delu- SODALITY, noun alignment, alliance, amity, associa-
sive, designing, devious, dishonest, dishonorable, disingeu- tion, bond, brotherhood, brotherliness, camaraderie, clique,
ous, double-dealing, evasive, feline, foxy, furtive, guileful, club, colleagueship, combination, communion, community,
hidden, insidious, intriguing, keen, obreptitious, plotting, community of interest, companionship, compatibility, com-
scheming, secret, secretive, sharp, shifty, shrewd, skulking, radeship, concord, confederacy, confederation, confrater-
slippery, sneaking, sneaky, stealthy, subdolus, subtle, sur- nity, consolidation, copartnership, faction, federation, fel-
reptitious, treacherous, tricky, uncandid, undercover, under- lowship, fraternity, fraternization, friendliness, friendly
hand, underhanded, unscrupulous, vafer, vulpine, wily relations, friendship, group, guild, intercourse, league,
order, organization, partnership, social group, society, soro-
SMALL, adjective bantam, diminutive, inconsiderable, sis, unification, union
infinitesimal, insignificant, meager, micro, microscopic,
mini, miniature, miniscule, minor, nominal, slight, smallish, SODOMY, noun buggery, degeneration, depravity,
toylike, undersized deviation, indecency, pederasty, perversion, sexual devia-
tion, unlawful sexual intercourse, unnatural carnal inter-
SMART, adjective able, able-minded, astute, brainy, course, unnatural sexual intercourse, vice
bright, brilliant, canny, clever, creative, cunning, deft, edu-
cated, erudite, esoteric, highbrow, intelligent, keen, knowing, SOFT, adjective bendable, compressible, cottony,
knowledgeable, learned, perspicacious, sharp, skilled, witty downy, elastic, flexible, kneadable, malleable, mushy, pli-
able, pliant, satin, satiny, silken, silklike, silky, spongy,
SMEAR, verb asperse, attack, attaint, belittle, besmear, supple, velvetlike, velvety, willowy, workable, yielding
besmirch, besmut, blacken, blemish, brand, calumniate,
cast a slur, contaminate, decry, defame, defile, degrade, SOLACE, noun abatement, allayment, alleviation,
denigrate, denounce, depreciate, derogate, destroy one’s amelioration, cheer, comfort, commiseration, condo-
reputation, detract, discredit, dishonor, disparage, disrate, lence, consolatio, consolation, ease, easement, encour-
expose to infamy, hold up to shame, humiliate, inlinere, agement, help, kindliness, melioration, mitigation, pal-
libel, make scandal, malign, mar, mark, oblinere, pillory, liation, reassurance, refreshment, relief, solatium,
pollute, render unclean, ridicule, slander, slur, smirch, soil, sympathy, tranquility
speak evil of, stain, stigmatize, sully, taint, tarnish, traduce,
undermine, vilify, vilipend SOLE, adjective individual, insular, isolated, lone, one,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: defamation only, separate, single, singular, solitary, solus, unaccompa-
nied, unattended, unicus, unique, unus
SMOOTH, adjective appealing, assured, calm, cavalier, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: sole actor, sole and exclusive cause, sole
civilized, couth, cultivated, cultured, debonair, deft, gen- and unconditional owner, sole proprietor, sole surviving heir
teel, glib, graceful, placid, practiced, refined, serene, slick,
smart, sophisticated, svelte, tranquil, undisturbed, unper- SOLELY (Purely), adverb barely, merely, plainly, purely,
turbed, urbane simply

SNARL, noun complexus, complication, confusion, dis- SOLELY (Singly), adverb alone, entirely, exclusively,
array, disorder, entanglement, gannitus, imbroglio, invo- only, wholly
lute, kink, knot, labyrinth, mat, maze, mess, ravel, snag,
tangle, twist SOLEMN, adjective august, awe-inspiring, awesome,
ceremonial, ceremonious, devotional, devout, earnest,
SNEAK AND PEEK WARRANT, noun clandestine search, formal, funereal, gloomy, grave, gravis, grim, hallowed,
covert entry warrant, enhanced surveillance mechanism, no holy, imposing, impressive, majestic, meditative, mirthless,

588
 SOPHISTIC

mournful, pensive, quiet, reflective, religious, reverential, lonely, lonesome, orphaned, private, reclusive, remote,
ritual, sacramental, sacred, sanctified, sedate, serious, removed, rootless, secluded, separate, separated, single,
severus, sober, somber, spiritual, staid, stately, stern, stir- sole, solo, solus, unabetted, unaccompanied, unaided,
ring, subdued, tristis, venerable, worshipful unassisted, unattended, unconnected, unescorted, unin-
habited, unmatched, unoccupied, unpaired, unseconded,
SOLEMNITY, noun awesomeness, ceremoniousness, unshared, unsupported, unvisited, without companions,
ceremony, dignity, graveness, gravitas, gravity, impres- without company
siveness, pomp, seriousness, severitas, soberness, sobriety, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: solitary confinement
solemn feeling, stateliness, tradition, tristitia
SOLUTION (Answer), noun clarification, decipherment,
SOLICIT, verb appeal for, appeal to, apply, ask, ask determination, eludication, explanation, explicatio, explica-
earnestly, beseech, call for, canvass, captare, clamor for, tion, exposition, finding, illumination, interpretation, key,
coax, demand, entreat, flagitare, implore, importune, in- reason, resolution, right answer, solutio
duce, make a request, obsecrate, obtest, petere, petition, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: equitable solution
plead, press, request, supplicate, urge
SOLUTION (Substance), noun admixture, amalgam,
SOLICITATION, noun appeal for, appeal to, application, blend, combination, commixture, composite, composition,
asking, asking earnestly, beseechment, calling for, canvass- compound, dilutum, emulsion, intermixture, mix, mixture,
ing, clamor for, coaxing, entreatment, imploration, impor- solvent, suspension
tuning, importunity, inducement, inquiry, making a re-
quest, obtestation, petition, pleading, press, request, SOLVABLE, adjective ascertainable, cognizable, deci-
supplication, urging, writing for contributions pherable, decodable, determinable, discoverable, exegeti-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: criminal solicitation, peddlers and cal, explainable, explicative, explicatory, expository, fath-
solicitors omable, intelligible, recognizable, resolvable, scrutable,
soluble, workable
SOLICITOR, noun arguer, attorney, attorney-at-law,
lawyer, member of the bar, member of the legal profession, SOLVE, verb account for, answer, arrive at the truth,
petitioner, professional, representative ascertain, bring out, clear up, crack, decipher, decode, de-
duce, discover, disentangle, disinter, dissolvere, educe,
SOLICITOUS, adjective ambitious, anxious, anxius, ap- elucidate, enodare, enucleate, expedire, explain, fathom,
prehensive, aspiring, bent on, beseeching, caring, con- ferret out, figure out, find out, find the cause, find the key,
cerned, craving, desirous, eager, hopeful, inclined, intent find the solution, guess correctly, guess right, interpret,
on, keen, optative, petitionary, sollicitus, supplicatory, learn the answer, make out, make plain, penetrate, piece
wanting, willing, yearning together, puzzle out, realize, reason out, render intelligible,
resolve, root out, shed light upon, think out, throw light
SOLID (Compact), adjective bunched, close, coagu- upon, trace, understand, unearth, unfold, unlock, unravel,
lated, compressed, concentrated, condensed, congealed, unriddle, unscramble, untangle, work out
consolidated, dense, firm, grumose, hard, hardened, im- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: solve a crime
penetrable, impermeable, incompressible, indiscerptible,
indivisible, inflexible, insecable, inseparable, massed, mas- SOLVENT, adjective able to pay, clear of encumbrance,
sive, monolithical, nonporous, ossified, packed, packed creditworthy, financially sound, in good financial condition,
together, pressed together, rigid, serried, solidified, stiff, moneyed, not owing, out of debt, owing nothing, pecu-
thick, tight, undissolved, united, unyielding nious, unindebted, with funds, with good credit
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: solvent debt
SOLID (Sound), adjective able to pay, assured, consid- FOREIGN PHRASES: Id solum nostrum quod debitis deductis
ered, convincing, dependable, durable, enduring, estab- nostrum est. That only is ours which remains to us after
lished, faithworthy, fast, firm, firmus, guaranteed, incontest- deduction of our debts.
able, incontrovertible, irrefutable, judicious, just, lasting,
logical, politic, precautional, precautionary, precautious, SOMBER, adjective black, bleak, caliginous, darkened,
prudent, prudential, rational, reasonable, reliable, responsi- darkish, darkling, darksome, despondent, dim, dimmed,
ble, rugged, safe, sagacious, sage, sapient, secure, sensible, disconsolate, dusk, dusky, gloomy, lightless, murky, ob-
solidus, solvent, stabilis, stable, stanch, steadfast, steady, scure, obscured, pitch-black, pitch-dark, pitchy, rayless,
strong, sturdy, substantial, substantive, true, trustworthy, tenebrific, tenebrous, unlit
trusty, unconfutable, unerring, unfailing, unimpeachable,
unquestionable, unrefutable, valid, weighty, well-built, SOOTHE, verb allay, alleviate, ameliorate, appease, as-
well-constructed, well-established, well-founded, well- suage, attemper, balm, becalm, blunt, calm, comfort, com-
grounded, well-made, wise pose, deaden, dulcify, dull, ease, free from anxiety, free from
pain, give relief, humor, hush, lenify, lenire, lessen, lull, miti-
SOLIDIFY, verb calcify, callus, cement, coagulate, con- gate, moderate, mollify, mulcere, obtund, pacificate, pacify,
geal, crystallize, encrust, firm up, freeze, indurate, ossify, palliate, placare, placate, propitiate, quell, quench, quiet,
set, solidify, stiffen, strengthen, thicken relax, relieve, relieve pressure, render less painful, salve,
slake, smooth, soften, still, succor, tame, temper, tranquilize
SOLITARY, adjective abandoned, aloof, anchoretic,
anchoretical, avoiding the society of others, celibate, SOPHISTIC, adjective captiosus, captious, casuistic,
cloistered, companionless, deserted, desolate, detached, casuistical, contrary to reason, erroneous, fallacious, false,
disjoined, disjunct, enisled, eremetical, eremitic, eremit- faulty in logic, groundless, ill-reasoned, illogical, inconse-
ish, estranged, fellowless, forsaken, friendless, hermitic, quent, inconsistent, incorrect, invalid, irrational, misleading,
hermitical, homeless, insular, isolated, kithless, lone, paralogical, sophistical, specious, tricky, unfounded,

589
 SOPHISTICATED

ungrounded, unreasonable, unsound, untenable, unwar- place, provenance, provenience, root, spring, springhead,
ranted, wrong stem, well, wellhead, wellspring
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: source of income, source of information
SOPHISTICATED, adjective advanced, avant-garde,
complex, contemporary, forward looking, innovative, SOVEREIGN (Absolute), adjective authoritative, chief,
knowledgeable, modern, new, progressive, ultramodern, commanding, controlling, dominant, governing, hegemonic,
up-to-date, up-to-the minute, urbane hegemonical, imperial, influential, leading, master, most
powerful, paramount, potent, powerful, predominant, pre-
SOPHISTRY, noun casuistry, cavil, chicanery, decep- pollent, prepotent, regent, regnant, reigning, royal, ruling,
tion, distortion, equivocation, evasion, evasive reasoning, supreme
fallacious reasoning, false logic, misrepresentation, spe-
cious reasoning SOVEREIGN (Independent), adjective at liberty, autono-
mous, enjoying liberty, enjoying political independence,
SORDID, adjective abiectus, abject, abominable, base, exempt from external authority, free, liberated, politi-
corrupt, debased, decayed, defiled, degraded, deterio- cally independent, removed from bondage, self-deter-
rated, dilapidated, disgusting, foul, fouled, fulsome, fusty, mined, self-directing, self-governed, self-ruling, sui iuris,
grimy, gruesome, inliberalis, mucky, odious, repellent, slat- unattached, unbound, unconquered, uncontrolled, un-
ternly, slovenly, sordidus, squalid, undesirable enslaved, unrestricted, unsubjected, unvanquished
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: sovereign right, sovereign states
SORROW, noun affliction, anguish, desolation, despair,
despondence, despondency, disconsolateness, dispirited- SOVEREIGN IMMUNITY, noun immunity for state from
ness, distress, doldrums, dolefulness, dolor, downhearted- a civil suit, immunity for state from criminal prosecution,
ness, dreariness, forlornness, gloom, gloominess, glumness, judicial doctrine precluding suit against the government
grief, heartache, heartbreak, heartsickness, joylessness, loss, without consent, requirement that federal government
melancholy, miserableness, misery, oppression, remorse, must waive its immunity or consent to suit, state sovereign
tragedy, woe immunity

SORT, verb allocate, allot, apportion, arrange, array, as- SPACE, noun accommodation, acreage, area, capa-
sign places to, assort, catalog, categorize, class, classify, ciousness, capacity, compass, distance, expanse, extent,
collocate, deal, digerere, disentangle, distribute, divide, file, field, footage, gap, interstice, interval, latitude, locus, mar-
grade, graduate, group, methodize, order, organize, parcel gin, mileage, range, room, scope, size, spaciousness, span,
out, place in order, put in order, range, rank, reduce to spatium, stretch, sweep, territory, vastness, yardage
order, screen, segregate, separate, sieve, sift, size, split,
subdivide, systematize, tabulate SPACE HATCH, noun avenue to explore, channel to
pursue, door, egress, excuse, exit, harbor, loophole, means,
SOUND, adjective accurate, acknowledged, admitted, opening, out, port, pretext, safety valve, shelter, vehicle,
cogent, compelling, convincing, correct, credible, effective, vent, way out
effectual, efficacious, factual, forceful, incontrovertible,
irrefutable, justified, legitimate, persuasive, potent, power- SPARSE, adjective a few, barren, contained, deficient,
ful, proven, right, rightful, scientific, solid, strong, substantial, exiguous, insufficient, less than generous, light, limited,
true, truthful, unanswerable, unchallengeable, unconfutable, niggardly, parsimonious, poor, scant, scanty, scarce, skimp,
undisputable, undistorted, unexaggerated, unimagined, un- skimpy, slender, slim, small, spare, sparing, thin
impeachable, veracious, veritable, weighty, well-founded,
well-grounded SPARTAN, adjective aggressive, audax, bellicose, bold,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: sound discretion, sound value brave, courageous, daring, dauntless, determined, disci-
plined, doughty, fearless, fierce, firm, formidable, fortis,
SOUND BITE, idiom banner, catchphrase, catchword, hardy, hero-like, heroic, highly disciplined, indomitable, in-
catchy expression, cliché, expression, idiom, maxim, trepid, iron-hearted, lionhearted, manly, martial, mighty,
motto, pithy saying, shibboleth, tagline, watchword militant, plucky, pugnacious, resisting, resolute, resolved,
self-reliant, severe, soldierlike, soldierly, stalwart, stoic, stoi-
SOUND REASONING, noun accurate assessment, co- cal, stout, stout-hearted, strenuus, strong, unafraid, unap-
gent reasoning, compelling reasoning, convincing logic, prehensive, unblenching, unconquerable, undaunted, un-
correct assessment, effective analysis, forceful reasoning, flinching, unshrinking, valiant, valorous, virile, warlike,
incontrovertible logic, irrefutable conclusions, judicious well-disciplined
analysis, justified analysis, legitimate analysis, methodical
analysis, persuasive reasoning, plausible reasoning, potent SPATE, noun abundance, cataract, deluge, flood, out-
logic, powerful conclusions, proven reasoning, reasonable burst, profusion, rush, torrent
analysis, solid reasoning, sound rationale, strong reasoning,
unchallengeable reasoning, undisputable reasoning, unim- SPEAK, verb address, air, announce, annunciate, ap-
peachable reasoning, well-founded logic, well-grounded prise, articulate, aver, badinage, bandy words, bear wit-
logic, well-reasoned opinion ness, break silence, carry on a conversation, colloque,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: judicial opinions communicate with, converse, declaim, declare, deliver,
deliver an address, denote, dicere, disclose, discourse, di-
SOURCE, noun ancestry, authority, basis, beginning, vulge, engage in a conversation, engage in a dialogue,
caput, cause, cradle, derivation, fons, font, foundation, enunciate, exchange opinions, explain, expound, express,
fount, fountain, fountainhead, generator, genesis, germ, give a talk, give expression, give indication of, give voice,
headspring, incunabula, informant, inspiration, lineage, mo- give words to, have a dialogue, hold a conversation, hold
tive, origin, original, origination, origo, parent, parentage, a discussion, indicate, inform, issue a statement, join in a

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conversation, make a speech, make a statement, make SPECIALIZE, verb address oneself to, apply oneself,
mention, make oral communication, make oral mention, bound, concentrate on, concern oneself with, dedicate
make solemn affirmation, make solemn declaration, mur- oneself to, devote oneself to, focus attention on, give atten-
mur, mutter, palaver, parley, phrase, pour forth, proclaim, tion to, limit, narrow, practice exclusively, pursue, qualify,
pronounce, publish, put into words, recite, remark, render restrict, select, take up, train
an account of, repeat, report, reveal, say, sermonize, state,
state emphatically, state one’s case, state with conviction, SPECIALTY (Contract), noun agreement, arrangement,
talk, tell, utter, utter forth, utter with conviction, utter words bargain under seal, bond, commitment, compact, concor-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Idem est nihil dicere et insufficienter dat, contractual obligation, contractual statement, covenant,
dicere. It is the same thing to say nothing and to say a covenant of indemnity, debenture, engagement, guaranty,
thing insufficiently. hypothecation, indenture, legal agreement, obligation,
pact, pledge, pledged word, promise under seal, recogni-
SPEAKER (Guest of honor), noun celebrity, chairperson, zance, security, stipulation, understanding, undertaking,
elocutionist, featured reader, honored guest, keynote warranty
speaker, lector, lecturer, moderator, performer, president ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: specialty debts, suit upon a specialty

SPEAKER (Spokesperson), noun ambassador, communi- SPECIALTY (Distinctive mark), noun attribute, badge,
cator, delegate, emissary, envoy, front, moderator, mouth, brand, character, characteristic, definiteness, disconfor-
mouthpiece, point person, promoter, prophet, representa- mity, dissimilarity, distinction, distinctive feature, distinc-
tive, sayer, talker, tongue tiveness, distinctness, dominant characteristic, earmark,
eccentricity, feature, idiosyncrasy, impress, inconsistency,
SPECIAL, adjective amazing, astonishing, astounding, individualism, mannerism, mark, oddity, particular charac-
atypical, awe-inspiring, awesome, certain, conspicuous, teristic, particular item, particular matter, particular point,
different, distinctive, distinguished, egregius, endemic, particularity, peculiar idiom, peculiar temperament, pecu-
esoteric, especial, exceptional, eximius, extraordinary, fab- liarity, personal characteristic, point of difference, prop-
ulous, fantastic, gala, important, imposing, incredible, indi- erty, quality, quirk, rarity, singularity, special characteris-
vidualistic, infrequent, marked, marvelous, memorable, tic, special item, special matter, special point, specific
miraculous, notable, noteworthy, outstanding, particular, quality, specificness, stamp, token, trait, uniqueness, un-
praecipuus, prodigious, rare, remarkable, significant, singu- likeness
lar, specific, striking, stupendous, superior, unaccustomed,
uncommon, uncustomary, unexampled, unfamiliar, unfor- SPECIALTY (Special aptitude), noun ability, accom-
gettable, unimitative, unique, unparalleled, unprecedented, plishment, adeptness, aptness, artistry, calling, capability,
unusual, wonderful career, competence, craft, dexterity, endowment, exper-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: special act, special appearance, special tise, expertness, faculty, forte, function, genius, handicraft,
assessment, special benefits, special case, special circum- inborn aptitude, ingenuity, innate ability, knowledge, main
stances, special damages, special election, special interest, interest, mastership, mastery, natural ability, object of
special law, special legislation, special proceeding, special study, occupation, particular object of pursuit, professional-
remedy, special tax, special verdict ism, proficiency, pursuit, qualification, skill, skillfulness,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Statutum generaliter est intelligendum special line of work, special project, special skill, special
quando verba statuti sunt specialia, ratio autem gene- study, specialization, strong point, talent, task, technique,
ralis. When the words of a statute are special but the rea- virtuosity, vocation
son general, the statute is to be understood generally.
Generalia praecedunt, specialia sequuntur. General SPECIFIC, adjective appropriate, categorical, certain,
matters precede, special matters follow. characteristic, definite, denominational, determinate, de-
termined, different, disertus, distinctive, divisional, en-
SPECIAL INTEREST, noun advocate, appealer, aspirant, demic, endemical, esoteric, especial, exact, exceptional,
influencer, instigator, lobby, lobbyist, mover, petitioner, exclusive, explicit, express, idiomatic, idiosyncratic, idio-
pressure group, prompter, seeker, solicitor, suggester, syncratical, indigenous, individual, individualistic, limited,
suitor, suppliant marked, narrow, out of the ordinary, particular, peculiar,
peculiaris, precise, precisely formulated, proprius, respec-
SPECIALIST, noun authority, connoisseur, consultant, tive, restricted, sectarian, select, special, uncommon,
degreeholder, devotee, experienced person, expert, know- unique, unusual
ing person, learned person, master, practiced hand, practi- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: specific bequest, specific denial, spe-
tioner, professional, professor, proficient, proficient person, cific devise, specific legacy, specific performance
qualified person, savant, scholar, skilled hand, skilled per-
son, skilled practitioner, skilled worker, specializer, techni- SPECIFICATION, noun assignment, condition, defini-
cian, trained person, veteran, virtuoso tion, delimitation, description, designation, detail, detailed
statement, determination, distinction, enumeration, item,
SPECIALITY, noun badge, character, distinction, dis- itemization, minute account, nicety, particular, particulariza-
tinctive characteristic, distinctive mark, distinctive quality, tion, proviso, recital, special point, statement of particulars,
distinctiveness, feature, identification, individual character- stipulation, written requirement
istic, individual trait, individuality, mark, oddity, particular-
ity, peculiarity, quality, quirk, singularity, specialness, SPECIFY, verb advert to, circumscribe, cite, clearly define,
stamp demarcate, denotare, designate, detail, differentiate, disclose,
enumerare, enumerate, explain, express, give full particulars,
SPECIALIZATION, noun craft, department, employ- go into detail, indicate, instance, itemize, list, mark out, men-
ment, field, forte, gift, interest, job, mastery, occupation, tion, name, particularize, point out, refer to, represent, select,
profession, pursuit, savvy, skill, trade, vocation show, state in detail, state precisely, stipulate

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SPECIMEN, noun case in point, documentum, ensam- discourse, enunciation, expression, idiom, interlocution,
ple, example, exemplum, exponent, guide, illustration, in- language, lecture, lingo, locution, oral communication,
stance, model, paradigm, pattern, representative, repre- oral expression, oratio, oration, oratory, palaver, parlance,
sentative selection, sample phonation, phraseology, prattle, pronouncement, pronun-
ciation, recital, recitation, rhetoric, say, sermon, spoken
SPECIOUS, adjective affected, apparent, appearing, language, spoken word, statement, talk, tongue, utter-
artificial, assumed, believable, bogus, casuistic, casuistical, ance, verbal expression, verbal intercourse, vocalization,
colorable, colored, convincing, counterfeit, credible, words
deceiving, deceptive, deluding, delusive, delusory, errone- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: First Amendment, freedom of speech
ous, exterior, external, fake, fallacious, false, hypocritical, FOREIGN PHRASES: Lubricum linguae non facile trahendum
illusional, illusive, illusory, misleading, ostensible, outward, est in poenam. A slip of the tongue ought not readily be
persuasive, phony, plausible, posed, pretend, pretended, subjected to punishment.
professed, purported, put on, resembling truth, seeming,
simulated, so-called, sophistic, sophistical, speciosus, spuri- SPEECHLESS, adjective agape, aghast, amazed, apho-
ous, unfounded, would-be nic, astonished, awe-struck, bewildered, dumb, dumb-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: specious argument, specious defense struck, elinguis, gagged, inarticulate, incapable of utter-
ance, indisposed to words, mum, mute, mutus, noiseless,
SPECTACLE, noun attraction, big attraction, demonstra- open-mouthed, quiet, silent, soundless, stunned, stupe-
tion, display, drama, elaborate function, event, exhibition, fied, thunderstruck, tongue-tied, unable to speak, unvocal,
exposition, main event, pageant, performance, phenome- voiceless, wordless
non, play, production, representation, scene, show, sight,
wonder SPEEDY TRIAL, noun criminal trial held diligently,
criminal trial held promptly, criminal trial held punctually,
SPECTER, noun apparition, appearance, eidolon, form, criminal trial held within allowed time, criminal trial held
illusion, presence, revenant, shadow, shape, spirit, sprite within designated periods of time, criminal trial held within
imposed time frames, criminal trial held within prescribed
SPECULATE (Chance), verb assume a risk, bet, chance, deadlines, criminal trial held within required time frame,
dare, deal in futures, gamble, hazard, invest, lay money on, protection against delay between the time of an indictment
play the market, plunge, risk, stake, take a chance, try one’s and a trial, protection against delay of criminal trial, speedy
luck, venture, wager trial period, sufficiently prompt trial, the right to have a trial
proceed expeditiously, the right to have a trial proceed
SPECULATE (Conjecture), verb assume, cogitare, con- promptly, time limits for completing various stages of
sider, dare say, debate, deliberate, guess, have a theory, criminal prosecution
hypothesize, judge, muse, philosophize, ponder, puzzle ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: Sixth Amendment, Speedy Trial Act
over, quaerere, reckon, ruminate, suppose, surmise, theo- of 1974 (federal), Sixth Amendment, the right to a speedy
rize, think, turn over in the mind, venture, weigh, wonder and public trial, waiver
about
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: speculative damages SPEND, verb apply, bestow, consume, consumere,
contribute, deplete, devote, disburse, dispense, dispose of,
SPECULATION (Conjecture), noun assumption, coniec- donate, drain, employ, empty, exhaust, expend, give, go
tura, contemplation, deliberation, guesswork, hypothesis, through, impoverish, incur expense, insumere, invest, lay
inference, presumption, reasoning, rumination, supposi- out money, make expenditure, outlay, part with, pay, run
tion, surmise, suspicion, theorization, theory through, splurge, use, use up, wear away, wear out
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: speculative damages, speculative ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: spendthrift
testimony
SPHERE, noun ambit, arena, ball, bounds, capacity,
SPECULATION (Risk), noun bet, calculated risk, chance, circle, circuit, demesne, department, domain, field, field of
fortuity, fortune, gamble, gambling, gaming, hazard, uncer- activity, field of operation, function, globe, globoid, globu-
tainty, venture, wager lar mass, influence, office, orb, orbit, pale, province, provin-
cia, range, realm, region, round body, scope, sphaera,
SPECULATIVE, adjective abstract, academic, aleatory, spheroid
assumptive, chancy, cogitative, coniecturalis, conjectural,
contemplative, contestable, controvertible, debatable, de- SPIN, noun angle, cover-up, delicate answer, evasion,
liberative, doubtful, dubious, experimental, hazardous, hy- illusion, mask, nicety, polished presentation, political ap-
pothetical, imaginary, impractical, indefinite, indistinct, in- proach, political response, propaganda, public relations,
secure, irresolute, meditative, presumptive, projected, self-serving statement, smooth packaging, twist
provisional, questionable, risky, speculatory, suppositional, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: political spin
tentative, theoretical, uncertain, unconfirmed, undemon-
strated, undetermined, unproven, unsafe, unsettled SPIRIT, noun angel, anima, animation, apparition,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: speculative testimony ardor, boldness, bravery, character, characteristic quality,
cheer, cheerfulness, complexion, courage, daring, dash,
SPECULATOR, noun adventurer, backer, bettor, entre- disposition, earnestness, energy, enterprise, enthusiasm,
preneur, experimenter, gambler, hazarder, prospector, risk essence, essential part, fire, firmness, force, fortitude, frame
taker, trader, venturer, wagerer of mind, gist, humor, hypostasis, immaterial substance, im-
mortal part, ingenium, intent, life, liveliness, meaning,
SPEECH, noun address, allocution, articulation, audi- mettle, mood, nature, passion, psyche, purport, quintes-
ble expression, colloquy, confabulation, conversation, sence, resoluteness, resolution, sense, sentiment, signifi-
declamation, declaration, delivery, dialect, diction, cance, soul, sparkle, specter, spice, substance, supernatural

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 SPORADIC

being, temper, temperament, tenor, turn of mind, verve, SPOIL (Impair), verb addle, blemish, blight, botch,
vigor, vim, vital essence, vitality, vivacity, zeal break, bungle, butcher, corrumpere, corrupt, damage, dam-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: spirit of the law age irreparably, debase, decay, decompose, deface, defile,
deform, demolish, destroy, deteriorate, dilapidate, disable,
SPIRIT, verb actuate, animate, arouse, encourage, en- disfigure, go bad, harm, hurt, impair, injure, lay waste,
liven, excitare, excite, exhilarate, exhort, impassion, impel, mangle, mar, mess up, mutilate, perdere, putrefy, rot, ruin,
incitare, incite, inspire, inspirit, instigate, kindle, motivate, ruinate, sabotage, smash, sour, turn, vitiate, wreck
move, press, prod, prompt, propel, provoke, push, rouse,
spur, stimulare, stimulate, stir up, urge on SPOIL (Pillage), verb despoil, forage, foray, loot, ma-
raud, pirate, plunder, raid, ransack, ravage, rob, spoliare,
SPIRITED, adjective active, adventurous, alive, ani- spoliate, steal, waste
mated, avid, bold, brisk, buoyant, dashing, dynamic, eager,
ebullient, effervescent, energetic, enthusiastic, exuberant, SPOILAGE, noun blight, corrosion, corruption, decay,
fervent, fiery, full of life, full of pep, hearty, intense, intrepid, decomposition, decrement, deterioration, dilapidation, dis-
irrepressible, keen, lively, mettlesome, passionate, peppy, integration, dissolution, erosion, putrefaction, putrescence,
sparkling, sprightly, spry, stalwart, undaunted, unre- rot, wastage, waste
strained, vehement, venturesome, vibrant, vigorous, viva-
cious, zealous, zestful SPOILS, noun booty, gains, grab, graft, haul, ill-gotten
gains, loot, pelf, pickings, pillage, plunder, plunderage, prize,
SPITE, noun acrimoniousness, acrimony, animosity, ani- ravin, spolia, stolen goods, swag, take, takings, winnings
mus, antagonism, bitterness, cattiness, contempt, defiance,
despite, enmity, gall, grudge, harsh feeling, hate, hatred, SPOKESMAN, noun advocate, agent, ambassador,
hostility, ill feeling, ill nature, ill will, inimicality, intolerance, attorney, auctor, broker, delegate, deputy, emissary,
livor, malevolence, malevolentia, malice, maliciousness, envoy, go-between, interlocutor, mediary, mediator, mes-
malignance, malignancy, malignitas, malignity, rancor, senger, mouthpiece, negotiator, patronus, plenipoten-
resentment, revengefulness, spitefulness, vengeance, tiary, prolocutor, representative, speaker, speechmaker,
venom, viciousness, vindictiveness, virulence, virulency suasor, vicar, voice

SPITEFUL, adjective acrimonious, antagonistic, antipa- SPOLIATION, noun attack, brigandage, buccaneering,
thetic, belligerent, caustic, contrary, despiteful, enven- depredation, deprivation, desolation, despoliation, de-
omed, evil-minded, froward, harsh, hateful, hostile, ill- struction, devastation, direptio, direption, expilatio, foray,
disposed, ill-intentioned, ill-natured, inimical, invidious, looting, marauding, pilfering, pillage, pillaging, piracy,
lividus, malevolent, malevolus, malicious, malign, malig- plunder, plunderage, plundering, raid, ransack, rapine, rob-
nant, malignus, mean, rancorous, resentful, revengeful, bery, sack, theft, thievery
testy, venemous, vicious, vindictive, viperous, virulent
SPONSOR, noun advocate, auctor, backer, benefactor,
SPLENDID, adjective cosmic, epic, glorious, grand, champion, favorer, guarantor, guardian, insurer, patron,
great, imperial, imposing, impressive, magnific, magnifi- promoter, protector, succorer, surety, sympathizer
cent, majestic, massive, monumental, noble, prepossess- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: sponsor of legislation
ing, princely, proud, regal, royal, stately, sublime, terrific,
wonderful SPONSOR, verb accept responsibility for, act as surety
for, answer for, assure, back, be responsible for, befriend,
SPLIT, noun aperture, bifurcation, bisection, breach, certify, champion, defend, endorse, ensure, favor, finance,
break, chasm, chink, cleavage, cleft, crack, crater, crevice, financier, guarantee, insure, patronize, pay for, promote,
cut, detachment, dichotomy, difference, dilaceration, protect, provide for, put up the money, secure, stand be-
dimidiation, diremption, disagreement, disassociation, dis- hind, subscribe to, support, sustain, sympathize, take re-
cerption, disconnection, disengagement, disjunction, dis- sponsibility for, underwrite, uphold, vouch for, warrant
memberment, disruption, dissection, dissension, dissever- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: sponsor a bill
ance, disunion, divarication, divergence, division, divorce,
divulsion, faction, fissura, fissure, fork, fracture, furrow, gap, SPONTANEOUS, adjective discretional, discretionary,
gash, gulf, hiatus, incision, interruption, lacuna, partage, elective, extemporal, extemporaneous, extemporary, ex-
partition, perforation, quarrel, rent, rift, rima, rip, scission, tempore, free, free-willed, impetuous, impromptu, im-
scissura, scissure, sect, segmentation, segregation, separa- provisatorial, improvised, impulsive, indeliberate, indepen-
tion, severance, slit, slot, subdivision, sunderance, variance dent, natural, optional, rash, self-acting, self-determined,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: split among the circuit courts, split in snap, spontaneus, sudden, unbidden, uncompelled, uncon-
authority, split sentence, splitting a cause of action strained, uncontrived, uncontrolled, unforced, uninten-
tional, unplanned, unpremeditated, unprepared, un-
SPLIT, verb abscind, allocate, allot, apportion, assign, prompted, unrehearsed, unstudied, untaught, unthinking,
bisect, break, break with, carve, chop, cleave, crack, cut, volitient, volitional, volitive, voluntarius, voluntary, willful
deal, detach, dichotomize, diffindere, disconnect, disjoin, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: res gestae, spontaneous declaration
dispense, dissect, dissever, distribute, disunite, divide,
dole, fissure, fracture, give way, hack, halve, hew, incise, SPORADIC, adjective appearing at intervals, casual,
intersect, isolate, lance, mete, open, parcel out, part, part changeable, desultory, disconnected, discontinuous, dis-
company, partition, rend, rift, rip, rive, rupture, scindere, junct, dispersed, erratic, fitful, fluctuating, immethodical,
section, segment, segregate, separate, sever, share, inconstant, indefinite, infrequent, intermittent, intermitting,
shiver, slash, slice, slit, snap, splinter, subdivide, sunder, inusitatus, irregular, isolated, nonuniform, now and then,
tear, unbind, untie occasional, periodic, periodical, rare, rarus, recurrent,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: split a cause of action recurring, remittent, scattered, scrappy, separate, shifting,

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 SPOUSAL SUPPORT

single, sparse, spasmodic, sporadical, spotty, stray, uncer- STABLE, adjective abiding, anchored, chronic, con-
tain, uneven, unsteady, unsuccessive, unsystematic, vari- stans, constant, continuing, deep-rooted, diligent, durable,
able, wavering endless, enduring, established, everlasting, faithful, fast,
fastened, firm, firmus, fixed, grounded, immovable, im-
SPOUSAL SUPPORT, noun alimony, allotment, allow- mutable, indissoluble, indomitable, industrious, inert, inex-
ance, dispensation, maintenance, provision, support orable, intact, invariable, inveterate, irremovable, irrevers-
Generally: emolument, subsidization, subsidy, subsistence, ible, irrevocable, lasting, long-lasting, long-lived,
sustenance, upkeep longstanding, moored, motionless, perdurable, permanent,
perpetual, persistent, plodding, relentless, reliable, riveted,
SPOUSE, noun coniunx, consort, espouse, helpmate, rooted, secure, sedulous, settled, solid, sound, stabile,
helpmeet, husband, marital partner, marriage partner, stabilis, stalwart, stanch, stationary, steadfast, steady,
mate, wife strong, sturdy, substantial, sure, tenacious, unalterable,
unchangeable, unchanging, uncompromising, undeviating,
SPREAD, verb advertise, bestrew, bloat, branch, broad- unfailing, unfaltering, unflagging, unflinching, unhesitating,
cast, broaden, bruit, circulate, cover, deploy, diffuse, dilate, unremitting, unshakeable, unshaken, unswerving, untiring,
disperse, disseminate, distribute, divaricate, divulgare, di- unwavering, unyielding, well-built, well-grounded
vulge, emanate, expand, explicare, extend, fan, fill out, flow,
fork, inflate, irradiate, lengthen, make known, make public, STAFF, noun adiutores, aides, assistants, associates,
mantle, open, outspread, overrun, overspread, penetrate, body of employees, cadre, clerical staff, complement,
permeate, pervade, promulgate, propagate, publicize, pub- corps, council, crew, deputies, employees, faculty, force,
lish, radiate, ramify, roll out, rumor, scatter, smear, sow, help, legatio, management, personnel, professional force,
spargere, splay, sprawl, sprinkle, straggle, stretch, stretch professional staff, servants, staff members, workers
out, strew, suffuse, swell, uncoil, unfold, unfurl, unravel, un-
roll, unwind, vent, widen STAGNANT, adjective apathetic, dormant, dull, hebe-
tudinous, idle, immobile, inactive, indolent, inert, lacking
SPURIOUS, adjective apocryphal, artificial, bogus, activity, lazy, lentus, lethargic, lifeless, listless, lumpish,
counterfeit, deceitful, deceptive, delusive, ersatz, fabri- motionless, otiose, passive, phlegmatic, phlegmatical,
cated, fake, faked, false, feigned, fictitious, forged, fraudu- piger, quiescent, sluggish, stagnans, stagnating, standing,
lent, illegitimate, imitation, misrepresented, mock, pinch- static, stationary, still, supine, torpid, torporific, unflowing,
beck, pretend, pseudo, quasi, sham, simulated, synthetic, unmoving, unstirring, without current, without motion
unauthentic, ungenuine, unreal, untrue
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: spurious claim STAIN, verb attaint, bedaub, befoul, besmear, be-
smirch, blacken, blemish, blot, blotch, bring reproach upon,
SPURN, verb aspernari, belittle, boot, brush aside, cast color, contaminate, corrupt, damage, daub, debase, de-
aside, cast out, censure, contemn, decline, depreciate, de- fame, defile, detract from, dirty, discolor, discredit, dis-
spise, disapprove, discard, disdain, disparage, disregard, grace, dishonor, dye, grime, impair, inquinare, maculare,
drive away, drive back, elude, evade, fastidire, flout, frown maculate, malign, mar, mark, polluere, pollute, ruin, smear,
upon, have nothing to do with, hold in contempt, ignore, jilt, smirch, smudge, soil, spatter, splotch, spoil, spot, stigma-
kick, laugh at, look down upon, neglect, ostracize, rebuff, re- tize, sully, taint, tarnish, tinge, tint
fuse, refuse to accept, reject, renounce, repel, reprobate, re-
pudiate, repulse, scorn, scout, set at nought, shun, slight, slur, STAKE (Award), noun ante, bet, pot, prize, purse,
sneer, snub, trample, tread on, treat with disdain, turn down spoils, wager, winnings

SPY, noun agent, detective, emissarius, explorator, in- STAKE (Interest), noun claim, equity, holding, owner-
formant, informer, intelligence agent, intelligencer, investi- ship, right, share, title
gator, lookout, observer, reconnoiterer, reporter, scout, se- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: interpleader stake deposited in court
cret agent, sleuth, snoop, snooper, source, speculator,
undercover agent, undercover man, watcher STALE, adjective banal, boring, common, common-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: espionage place, decayed, declining, dull, effete, faded, fetid, flat,
flavorless, fusty, hackneyed, humdrum, insipid, jejune, mil-
SPY, verb behold, catch sight of, descry, detect, discern, dewed, moldy, monotonous, musty, obsoletus, off, old,
discover, discover by artifice, distinguish, eavesdrop, espy, pedestrian, prosaic, prosy, rancid, rotten, savorless, shop-
examine secretely, explorare, follow, glimpse, inspect se- worn, sour, soured, spoiled, tasteless, timeworn, trite, un-
cretely, look at, look for, make a reconnaissance, make out, imaginative, uninteresting, unvaried, vapid, vetus, vitiated,
make secret observations, observe, peep, peer, perceive, wasted, wilted, withered, without novelty, worn out
pry, recognize, reconnoiter, scrutinize, search out, see, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: stale cause of action, stale check
shadow, sight, snoop, speculari, spy upon, take note, trail,
view, watch, watch secretely STALEMATE, noun bind, bottleneck, corner, dead end,
dead heat, deadlock, difficulty, dilemma, draw, fix, grid-
STABILITY, noun certainty, cohesion, consistency, de- lock, halt, hole, impasse, jam, loggerheads, logjam, mo-
pendability, durability, enduringness, firmness, fixedness, rass, pinch, plight, predicament, problem, quagmire, quan-
immutability, invariability, lastingness, normalcy, perma- dary, spot, standoff, standstill
nence, regularity, reliability, sameness, security, solidity, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: arbitration, Iitigation, mediation
solidness, soundness, stableness, status quo, steadiness,
strength, sturdiness, substance, uniformity STALL, verb arrest, avert, bar, block, bog, break down,
bring to a standstill, check, dally, dawdle, defer, delay, de-
STABILIZE, verb balance, clinch, counterbalance, estab- tain, dillydally, disable, filibuster, halt, hamper, hinder, hold
lish, firm up, round, secure, set, settle, steady up, impede, incapacitate, inhibit, interrupt, keep back, lag,

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linger, obstruct, paralyze, postpone, procrastinate, put off, STANDPOINT, noun angle, aspect, attitude, belief,
render powerless, retard, stabulare, stalemate, still, stop, bent, conviction, direction, disposition, inclination, judg-
take time, temporize, ward off ment, leaning, location, observation post, opinion, orienta-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: dilatory motions tion, outlook, perspective, persuasion, point, point of
view, position, post, predilection, proclivity, propensity,
STAMP, noun attestation, authentication, brand, cast, seat, sententia, situation, spot, station, tendency, vantage
certification, die, endorsement, engraving, form, hallmark, point, view, viewpoint, vision
identification, impress, impression, imprint, intaglio, mark,
nota, pattern, print, ratification, seal, sigil, signit, signum, STAR, verb be a headline performer, be a headlining
validation actor, be featured, entertain, feature, give a command per-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: tax stamps formance, headline, perform, play, receive an ovation

STANCE, noun approach, aspect, attack, attention, at- STARE DECISIS, noun authoritative example, basis,
titude, behavior, concept, conduct, course, demeanor, line, foundation, precedent, principle of law, rule, standard
matter, mien, opinion, plan, plan of attack, poise, position, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: stare decisis et non quieta movere,
presence, procedure, station, studied approach, tack, tech- stare in judicio
nique
STARK, adjective absolute, bald, bare, complete, con-
STAND (Position), noun attitude, belief, bent, bias, in- spicuous, decided, downright, entire, glaring, gross, obvi-
clination, leaning, opinion, outlook, point of view, position, ous, outright, plain, positive, pure, rigidus, sheer, simple,
slant, standpoint, vantage point, view, viewpoint staring, total, unmitigated, unqualified, utter, very

STAND (Witness’ place in court), noun booth, box, cor- START, noun beginning, birth, commencement, dawn,
ner, place, platform, position, post, stall, station, witness derivation, embarkation, emergence, evolution, exordium,
box, witness stand first step, foundation, genesis, inauguration, inception, in-
choation, incipience, incipiency, infancy, initiation, initium,
STANDARD, noun archetype, basis of comparison, onset, opening, origin, origination, outbreak, outset, pro-
canon, comparison, criterion, example, exemplar, frame of fectio, rise, scare, source, threshold
reference, gauge, grade of excellence, guide, ideal, level of
excellence, measure, model, norm, norma, paradigm, START, verb begin, commence, create, embark on,
paragon, pattern, precedent, prototype, regula, touchstone emerge, evolve, file, give birth to, inaugurate, incept, initi-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: standard established by law, standard ate, insinuate, install, introduce, invent, open, originate, set
of care, standard of conduct, standard of proof off, take the first step, take the initiative
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: commence an action, start proceedings
STANDARD OF CARE, noun bar, barometer, baseline,
benchmark, criterion, established grade, established mark, STATE (Condition), noun appearance, aspect, circum-
measure of conduct, method, metric, par, procedure, re- stance, class, complexion, disposition, grade, mien, mood,
quirement, standard, touchstone, yardstick plight, position, posture, predicament, shape, situation,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: medical malpractice, negligence standing, station, status, way
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: state of mind
STANDARD OF REVIEW, noun degree of deference to a
lower court, level of review by appellate court, level of re- STATE (Political unit), noun body politic, civil commu-
view by reviewing court, threshold for appellate court to nity, civitas, commonwealth, governmental unit, mandated
find error on appeal territory, nation, political division, polity, sovereign unit
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: arbitrary and capricious standard of ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: state’s evidence, state’s rights
review, clearly erroneous standard of review, de novo stan- FOREIGN PHRASES: Privilegium non valet contra rempubli-
dard of review, plain error standard of review cam. A privilege is of no avail against the state.

STANDARD PROCEDURE, noun approach, avenue, be- STATED, adjective aforementioned, aforesaid, ar-
havior, common practice, conduct, consuetude, course of ranged, ascertained, decided, defined, detailed, deter-
conduct, custom, customary course, fashion, line of con- mined, established, expressed, fixed, prearranged, prede-
duct, manner, manner of operating, matter of course, termined, prescribed, reported, said, set forth, settled,
means, method, mode, mode of operation, mode of proce- specified, stipulated, told, uttered, voiced
dure, modus operandi, pattern, practice, prescribed form, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: stated capital, stated term
procedure, process, routine, tactics, technique, way of
doing things STATEMENT, noun account, affidavit, affirmation, an-
nouncement, assertion, asseveration, averment, avowal,
STANDARDIZE, verb average, conciliate, conform, co- claim, comment, declaration, deposition, detailed account,
ordinate, equalize, even, formalize, govern, harmonize, dictum, enumeration, exclamation, explanation, exposi-
homogenize, integrate, normalize, order, organize, recon- tion, manifesto, narrative, observation, prepared an-
cile, regularize, regulate, rule, square, synthesize, system- nouncement, prepared text, pronouncement, recapitula-
atize, systemize tion, recital, recitation, remark, report, story, summary,
testimony, utterance
STANDING, adjective constant, continued, continuing, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: statement of claim, statement of de-
conventional, enduring, established, fixed, lasting, perma- fense, statement of particulars
nent, perpetual, perpetuated, settled, stationary, still, tradi-
tional, unceasing, unchanging STATEMENT OF FACTS, noun affirmation, allegation of
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: standing committee facts, allegations, assertion, asseveration, attestation,

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 STATIC

averment, avouchment, declaration, description, enumera- priores leges ad posteriores trahantur. It is not novel
tion, one’s position, one’s stand, review, summary that prior statutes should give way to later ones. In rebus
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: brief, memorandum of law quae sunt favorabilia animae, quamvis sunt damnosa
rebus, fiat aliquando extensio statuti. In matters that
STATIC, adjective changeless, dormant, fixed, immo- are favorable to the spirit, though injurious to things, an
bile, immobilis, immotus, inactive, inert, motionless, pas- extension of a statute should sometimes be made. Est ip-
sive, permanent, quiescent, quiet, resting, rigid, stable, sorum legislatorum tanquam viva vox; rebus et non
stagnant, standing, statical, stationary, still, suspended, verbis legem imponimus. The voice of the lawmakers is
torpid, unmoving, unprogressive like the living voice; we impose law upon things and not
upon words. Statutum speciale statuto speciali non
STATIONARY, adjective fast, fixed, frozen, immobile, im- derogat. One special statute does not derogate from an-
motile, immovable, irremovable, motionless, moveless, non- other special statute. Statutum affirmativum non dero-
motile, nonmoving, permanent, rooted, stagnant, standing, gat communi legi. An affirmative statute does not dero-
static, steadfast, still, stuck, unbudging, unmovable, wedged gate from the common law.

STATURE, noun account, altitude, appreciation, eleva- STATUTE OF FRAUDS, noun evidentiary rule, signed
tion, esteem, favor, highness, honor, inches, loftiness, pres- writing of agreements requirement, signed writing of con-
tige, prize, regard, respect, rise, tallness tracts requirement, signed writing requirement, unenforce-
ability of oral contracts
STATUS, noun caliber, caste, circumstances, class, con-
dition, degree, dignity, echelon, elevation, eminence, es- STATUTORY, adjective according to law, authorized,
teem, footing, grade, importance, level, notability, place, established, fixed, lawful, legal, legalized, legislative, legis-
position, posture, prestige, prominence, quality, rank, rank- latorial, licit, sanctioned, within the law
ing, rating, reach, reputation, rung, situation, standing, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: statutory crime
state, station, stratum, superiority
STAUNCH, adjective certus, constant, dependable,
STATUS QUO, noun absence of change, conservation of devoted, faithful, fast, fidus, firm, firmus, inflexible, iron,
the same situation, equilibrium, existing conditions, exist- loyal, reliable, resolute, solid, sound, stable, stalwart, stead-
ing state, maintenance of regularity, preservation of the fast, steady, strong, substantial, sure, tried, true, trustwor-
same conditions, same conditions, stable state, static con- thy, trusty, unfailing, unfaltering, unshakeable, unwaver-
dition, things as they are ing, unyielding

STATUTE, noun act, canon, code, codified law, com- STAVE, verb avert, avoid, beat off, block, check, deflect,
mandment, decree, dictate, edict, enactment, ius, law, drive away, fend off, fugare, hamper, hinder, hold off, im-
legislation, legislative enactment, lex, mandate, measure, pede, inhibit, intercept, keep at bay, keep off, obstruct,
order, ordinance, provision of the law, regulation, rubric, prevent, propulsare, push away, put off, repel, repellere,
rule, written law shun, turn aside, ward off
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: affirmative statute, criminal statute,
declaratory statute, enabling statute, penal statute, pri- STAY, noun abeyance, abeyancy, bar, cessation, check,
vate statute, remedial statute, statute of frauds, statute of curb, delay, desistance, discontinuance, halt, hindrance,
limitations interruption, mansio, obstacle, obstruction, prevention, re-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Quae communi lege derogant stricte prieve, respite, restraint, stop, stoppage, suspension, wait
interpretantur. Statutes which derogate from the com- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: judicial stay, stay of enforcement,
mon law are to be strictly construed. Optima statuti in- stay of execution, stay of proceedings, stay pending appeal
terpretatrix est ipsum statutum. The best interpreter of
a statute is the statute itself. Ex malis moribus bonae STAY (Continue), verb endure, extend, keep on, last,
leges natae sunt. Good laws arise from evil morals. Casus persevere, persist, prolong, remain, subsist
omissus et oblivioni datus dispositioni communis juris ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: stay in occupancy
relinquitur. A case omitted and forgotten is left to the
disposal of the common law. Statutum generaliter est STAY (Halt), verb arrest, bar, block, check, cohibere,
intelligendum quando verba statuti sunt specialia constrain, curb, delay, demorari, desist, detain, deter, deti-
ratio autem generalis. When the words of a statute are nere, discontinue, forbid, foreclose, forestall, frustrate, ham-
special but the reason general, the statute is to be under- per, hinder, hold, impede, intercept, interrupt, obstruct,
stood generally. Constructio legis non facit injuriam. obviate, preclude, prevent, prohibit, put an end to, quell,
The interpretation of the law works no injury. Ad ea quae reprieve, respite, restrain, stem, stop, stymie, suppress,
frequentius accidunt jura adaptantur. Laws are adapted thwart
to those cases which occur. Jus constitui oportet in his ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: permanent injunction, stay enforce-
quae ut plurimum accidunt non quae ex inopinato. ment, stay of execution, stay order, stay proceedings,
Laws ought to be made with a view to those cases which temporary injunction, temporary restraining order
occur most frequently and not to those which are of rare or
accidental occurrence. Nova constitutio futuris formam STAY (Rest), verb await, be anchored, be dormant, be
imponere debet non praeteritis. A new law ought to af- fixed, be immobile, be inert, be inmovable, be motionless,
fect the future, not what is past. A verbis legis non est be riveted, be sedentary, be stationary, be transfixed, halt,
recendendum. From the words of a statute there must be lodge, park, pause, remain, repose, stand, stop, wait
no departure. Lex posterior derogat priori. A later law
takes away the effect of a prior one. Leges posteriores STAY OF EXECUTION, noun halt to execution, order
priores contrarias abrogant. Subsequent laws repeal delaying imposition of the death penalty, order precluding
prior laws that are repugnant to them. Non est novum ut execution, respite for the ultimate penalty for murder, stay

596
 STIMULUS PROGRAM

of death sentence, stay of punishment for a person con- STEP, noun achievement, act, action, advance, ad-
demned to death, stay of the death warrant, stay of warrant vancement, deed, degree, expedient, footpace, footstep,
of execution, suspension from capital punishment, suspen- gait, gradation, grade, maneuver, milestone, move, pace,
sion from execution, temporary reprieve procedure, proceeding, process, progression, rundle, rung,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: application for stay of execution, clem- stride, tramp, tread
ency request, pardon, vacate execution
STEP-BY-STEP, adjective by degrees, continuous,
STEADFAST, adjective abiding, anchored, assiduous, creeping, gradational, gradual, graduated, in steps, lei-
constans, constant, decided, dedicated, dependable, deter- surely, measured, methodical, orderly, paced, part of a
mined, devoted, diligent, enduring, established, faithful, process, progressive, regular, slow, slow-paced, snail-like,
fast, firm, firmly established, firmus, fixed, gritty, indissol- systematic, unhurried
uble, indomitable, industrious, inexorable, inflexible, in-
transigent, lasting, long-lasting, loyal, obstinate, patient, STERLING, adjective authentic, bona fide, bonus, con-
perseverant, persevering, persistent, pertinacious, plod- summate, costly, creditable, excellent, exceptional, exem-
ding, relentless, reliable, resolute, resolved, riveted, plary, extraordinary, genuine, good, high-grade, high-
rooted, secure, sedulous, serious, settled, single-minded, quality, honest, honorable, matchless, meritorious, noble,
stabilis, stable, stationary, staunch, steady, strong, strong- peerless, precious, prime, pure, quality, real, splendid,
willed, tenacious, tried, true, trustworthy, unalterable, un- superb, superior, superlative, true, unadulterated, unal-
changing, uncompromising, undaunted, undeviating, un- loyed, unmingled, unsynthetic, upright, valuable, verus,
distracted, unfailing, unfaltering, unflagging, unflinching, virtuous, worthy
unhesitating, unmoved, unshaken, unswerving, untiring,
unvarying, unwavering, unyielding, zealous STERN, adjective austere, authoritarian, bleak, cold,
dour, fierce, flinty, forbidding, gruff, hard, harsh, heavy-
STEADFASTNESS, noun adherence, adhesion, alle- handed, hostile, inimical, ramrod, rigid, rigorous, rough,
giance, attachment, commitment, constancy, dedication, rugged, serious, solemn, strict, tough
devotedness, devotion, faith, faithfulness, fastness, fealty,
fidelity, firmness, loyalty, reliability, resolution, steadiness, STIFLE, verb annihilate, arrest, balk, bar, block, check,
trustworthiness choke, conceal, constrain, contain, control, crush, damp,
deaden, destroy, drown, dull, extinguish, frustrate, gag,
STEAL, verb abscond with, abstract, burglarize, depre- hush, inhibit, kill, mask, muffle, mute, muzzle, obstruct,
date, despoil, embezzle, filch, fleece, furari, hold up, lift, opprimere, prevent, put down, quell, quench, repress, rep-
mulct, nim, peculate, pilfer, pillage, pirate, plagiarize, plun- rimere, restrain, silence, smother, snuff out, squash,
der, poach, pocket, prig, purloin, rifle, rob, shoplift, snatch, squelch, still, stop, strangle, strangulate, stymie, subdue,
subducere, surripere, take unlawfully, thieve, usurp suffocate, suppress, throttle, withhold

STEALTHY, adjective arcane, artful, catlike, clandestine, STIGMA, noun badge of infamy, blemish, blot, brand,
clandestinus, cloaked, concealed, covert, crafty, elusive, defect, disgrace, dishonor, disrepute, flaw, imputation,
evasive, feline, furtive, furtivus, hidden, masked, obrepti- infamousness, infamy, mark of disgrace, mark of shame,
tious, obscure, occultus, privy, prowling, secret, secretive, nota, notoriety, notoriousness, reproach, scandalum
shrouded, silent, skulking, sly, sneaking, sneaky, stealthful, magnatum, scar, shame, slur, smear, smirch, spot, stain,
surreptitious, thievish, undercover, underhand, undis- taint, tarnish
closed, unrevealed, unseen, veiled
STILL, adjective Arcadian, calm, halcyon, hushed, mo-
STEER CLEAR, idiom avert, avoid, bypass, circumvent, tionless, not moving, peaceful, placid, quiet, restful, se-
deflect, deter, dodge, duck, elude, escape, eschew, evade, rene, silent, stationary, stopped, tranquil, unmoving, un-
exclude, finesse, foil, get around, miss, outfox, preclude, troubled
rule out, scrape, shake, shirk, shun, thwart
STIMULATE, verb activate, actuate, animate, arouse,
STELLAR, adjective astral, capital, celebrated, celes- awaken, brace, drive, egg on, encourage, energize, enkin-
tial, chief, crowning, distinguished, dominant, eminent, dle, enliven, excite, fan, fillip, fire, foment, goad, impel,
eventful, extraordinary, famous, first, foremost, grand, incitare, incite, inflame, initiate, inritare, inspire, inspirit,
heavenly, impressive, leading, main, marked, memorable, instigate, invigorate, jog, kindle, motivate, move, move to
momentous, noteworthy, outstanding, paramount, pre- action, pique, prod, prompt, propel, provoke, rally, rouse,
dominant, primary, principal, prominent, sidereal, starlike, spur, stir up, vitalize, vivify, whet, work up
starry, uranic
STIMULUS, noun activator, animator, arouser, calcar,
STEM (Check), verb arrest, balk, bear up against, block, catalyst, catalytic agent, cause, drive, encouragement, ex-
bung, checkmate, choke, clog, cohibere, cork, counteract, citant, fillip, goad, impetus, impulse, incentive, incitamen-
curb, dam up, deadlock, deter, foil, frustrate, halt, hamper, tum, incitement, inducement, influence, infrastructure
hinder, hold back, impede, intercept, interrupt, keep at bay, funds, inritamentum, means to reinvigorate the economy,
keep in, obstruct, oppose, plug, prevent, quell, rein in, means to spark the economy, means to trigger a healthier
repel, repulse, resist, restrain, retard, scotch, stall, stanch, economy, motivating force, motive, needle, prod, provo-
stay, stop, suppress, thwart, veto cation, push, reason, shock, spur, stimulant, stimulation,
stimulative, stimulator, sting, urge, whet
STEM (Originate), verb arise, begin, branch off, come,
commence, derive, descend, emanate, ensue, flow, follow, STIMULUS PROGRAM, noun economic reform, eco-
germinate, grow, issue, originate, proceed, result, rise, nomic stimulation, encouragement, financial boost, finan-
spring, sprout, start, trail cial stimulation, fiscal stimulation, incentive, infrastructure,

597
 STINT

injection of funds, investment, motivation, stimulant, expire, finish, foil, forbear, forbid, forestall, freeze, give
stimulus package over, halt, hamper, hinder, hold, hold back, hold up, im-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: federal government economic pro- pede, inhibere, intercept, interrupt, knock off, lapse, lay an
grams to address a weak economy embargo on, lay off, leave off, obstruct, occlude, pack up,
pause, plug, preclude, prevent, prohibere, prohibit, put an
STINT, noun assignment, chore, cycle, duration, duty, end to, quell, quit, refrain, render impassable, repress, rest,
job, limitation, limited assignment, period, rein, role, shift, restrain, silence, shut off, snag, sojourn, stall, stanch,
span, spell, standing, stretch, task, tenure, term, time, tour staunch, stay, stem, stifle, still, stopper, stopple, stunt, sty-
mie, suppress, suspend, tarry, terminate, thwart, ward off,
STIPULATE, verb adjust, agree, arrange, assent, bargain, wipe out, withdraw from
become bound, clarify, condition, contract, covenant, de- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: cease and desist, temporary injunction,
cide, denominate, designate, determine, engage, guaran- permanent injunction, stop and frisk
tee, include in an agreement, insist upon, lay down, make
a condition, make a point of, make clear, make definition, STOP & FRISK, noun a frisk with reasonable fear of
mention, name, negotiate, pledge, postulate, predicate, danger, a frisk with reasonable suspicion of criminal activity,
promise, provide, set, settle, settle terms, signify, specify, a warrantless frisk, limited outer search, pat down
state, stipulari
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: stipulated damages, stipulated fact, STOPGAP, noun alternate, alternative, auxiliary, expe-
stipulation of a bill of particulars, stipulation of an adjourn- dient, impermanent fixture, makeshift, means, measure,
ment, stipulation of appeal, stipulation of guilt, stipulation provisional measure, replacement, reserve, resort, substi-
of judgment, stipulation of matters of law, stipulation of tute, substitution, temporary arrangement, temporary ex-
proof, stipulation of the record pedient, temporary substitute

STIPULATION, noun agreement, arrangement, article of STORE (Business), noun booth, business house, con-
agreement, bargain, bond, compact, concordat, condition, cern, emporium, establishment, exchange, market, market
contract, convention, covenant, deal, engagement, pact, place, mart, outlet, shop, stall
pactum, promise, provise, specification, stipulatio, treaty,
understanding STORE (Depository), noun abundance, abundantia, ac-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: stipulated facts, stipulation of settlement cumulation, amassment, assets, backlog, cache, collection,
conservatory, copia, deposit, depository, fund, great quan-
STOCK (Shares), noun assets, capital, fund, holdings, tity, hoard, inventory, nest egg, plenty, profusion, provi-
invested property, investment, negotiables, property, sions, reserve, reservoir, savings, stack, stock, stockpile,
security storehouse, sufficiency, supplies, supply, treasure, treasury,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bank stock, bonus stock, capital stock, wealth
common stock, debenture stock, ordinary stock, original
stock, outstanding stock, preferred stock, prepaid stock, STORE, verb accumulate, acquire, amass, assemble,
sale of stock, shares of stock, special stock, stock certificate, bank, cache, collect, conserve, copia, cumulate, deposit,
subscription to stock, treasury stock, value of stock, wa- garner, gather, hoard, hold, husband, keep, lay away, main-
tered stock tain, mass, pile up, put by, reposit, reserve, retain, save,
stock, stockpile, stow away, treasure, warehouse
STOCK (Store), noun accumulation, copia, effects,
hoard, inventory, provision, reserve, reservoir, supply, vis STORM (Barrage), noun assault, attack, battle, be-
siegement, blast, blitz, blitzkrieg, blizzard, bombardment,
STOCK IN TRADE, noun articles of commerce, available clash, combat, commotion, conflict, confusion, disquiet,
assets, contents, equipment, goods, line, merchandise, disruption, embroilment, eruption, excitement, explosion,
products, provisions, resources, staple, stock, store, sup- fight, flare-up, imbroglio, melee, mutiny, outbreak, out-
ply, supply on hand, vendibles, wares burst, rebellion, revolt, revolution, skirmish, stir, struggle,
tempest, tumult, turbulence, turmoil, unrest, upheaval,
STOCKHOLDER, noun backer, co-owner, corporate uprising
shareholder, investor, owner, shareholder ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: damage, flood damage, hurricanes
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: corporate law practice, directors and
officers lawsuits STORM (Rain), noun blizzard, cloudburst, cyclone, del-
uge, downpour, endless rain, gale, hailstorm, heavy show-
STOICAL, adjective apathetic, ascetic, controlled, dis- ers, heavy winds, hurricane, moisture, precipitation, rain-
passionate, impassive, imperturbable, indifferent, long- storm, sheets of rain, snowstorm, storming, stormy winds,
suffering, passionless, passive, patient, philosophic, tempest, thundershower, thunderstorm, tornado, torrent,
placid, repressing emotion, resigned, self-controlled, self- tropical rains, tropical storm, turbulence, twister, typhoon,
disciplined, spartan, tolerant, undemonstrative, undisturbed, whirlwind
unimpassioned, unimpressible, unmoved, unresisting, un- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: cyberstorm, storm models, storm
ruffled predicting, storm victims, storm water

STOP, verb abandon, abolish, arrest, bar, barricade, STORY (Falsehood), noun canard, concoction, deceit, de-
block, block up, blockade, brake, break off, bring to a close, ception, deliberate falsification, dissemblance, dissimulation,
bring to a standstill, bring to naught, catch, cease, check, distortion, duplicity, evasion, fabrication, faithlessness, false
checkmate, choke, clog, close, come to a standstill, statement, falsification, falsity, fantasy, fib, fiction, figment, in-
conclude, counteract, countermand, crush, cut off, cut accuracy, incorrectness, insincerity, intentional misstatement,
short, cut out, dam up, delay, desist, desist from, detain, intentional untruth, invention, inveracity, lie, mendacium,
deter, die away, disallow, discontinue, disrupt, drop, end, misrepresentation, misstatement, myth, perversion of truth,

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pretense, prevarication, suppression of truth, untrue state- STRATEGY, noun approach, arrangement, art of war,
ment, untruth, want of fidelity artifice, battle maneuver, campaign, careful methods, care-
ful plans, consilium, contrivance, course, course of action,
STORY (Narrative), noun account, adventures, article, cunning, design, devices, engineering, forethought, in-
chronicle, conte, description, dispatch, epic, fabula, histo- trigue, intriguery, invention, machination, management,
riette, history, legend, memoir, narratio, narration, news, maneuvering, maneuvers, manipulation, method, military
news article, news item, newspaper report, particulars, evolutions, military science, mode of operation, plan, plan
piece, portrayal, press notice, publicity, recapitulation, re- of action, plan of attack, planned campaign, platform, pol-
cital, recitation, record, recountal, relation, report, saga, icy, procedure, proceedings, program, proposal, proposed
sketch, summary of facts, tale, tidings action, proposition, propositum, rules of war, scheme,
schemery, set of maneuvers, skillful management, soldier-
STRAIGHT, adjective direct, ethical, honest, honorable, ship, system, tactics, technique
just, legitimate, linear, moral, moralistic, normal, proper, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: trial strategy
right, righteous, right-minded, seemly, steadfast, straight-
forward, true, unbend, unbending, uninterrupted, un- STRAW MAN, idiom argument, avenue, construct, de-
twisted, upright, virtuous vice, example, figurehead, front, front man, imaginary posi-
tion, mechanism, method, nominal head, ploy, refutation,
STRAIGHTFORWARD, adjective aboveboard, apertus, sham argument, weak argument, weak position
artless, candid, direct, forthright, frank, guileless, honest,
honorable, ingenuous, legitimate, open, outspoken, STRENGTH, noun brawn, cogency, concentration, dura-
plain-spoken, scrupulous, simplex, sincere, straight, truth- bility, efficacy, emphasis, endurance, energy, fervor, firm-
speaking, truthful, unaffected, uncontrived, uncorrupt, ness, force, hardiness, health, impregnability, intensity,
undesigning, undeviating, undissembling, undistorted, main, mainstay, might, mightiness, muscle, potency,
unfeigned, unperjured, unswerving, unturned, unwavering, power, proof, puissance, robur, robustness, solidity,
upright, veracious, veridical soundness, stalwartness, stamina, stoutness, sturdiness,
substantiality, substantialness, superiority, tenaciousness,
STRAIGHT-OUT, adjective aboveboard, blunt, can- tenacity, toughness, validity, vigor, vires, virility, vitality,
did, clear, clear-cut, crystal clear, decent, direct, distinct, vividness, willpower
evident, explicit, express, forthright, frank, honest, in-
genuous, manifest, obvious, on the up and up, open, STRENGTHEN, verb accentuate, amplify, beef up,
open and aboveboard, open and genuine, open and sin- bolder, boost, deepen, develop, enforce, enhance, firm up,
cere, sincere, straight, straightforward, unequivocal, unre- fortify, galvanize, harden, heighten, indurate, insure, invig-
served, upfront orate, magnify, redouble, reinforce, season, step up, sup-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: franking privilege port, tone up, toughen, vitalize

STRANGE, adjective abnormal, atypical, bizarre, crazy, STRENUOUS, adjective active, arduous, burdensome,
curious, different, eccentric, freakish, idiosyncratic, irregu- demanding, difficult, exacting, exhausting, grueling, hard,
lar, mysterious, odd, off, offbeat, outrageous, peculiar, Herculean, intense, intensive, laborious, onerous, operose,
quaint, queer, quirky, rare, remarkable, shocking, singular, oppressive, painstaking, rigorous, strenuous, toilsome,
uncommon, unique, unusual, weird vigorous, wearisome
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: strenuous law enforcement
STRANGER, noun advena, alien, foreign person, for-
eigner, hospes, newcomer, outsider, strange person, tra- STRESS (Accent), noun accentuation, attention, beat,
montane, unknown person distinction, emphasis, force, import, importance, inflection,
insistence, intonation, paramountcy, primacy, prominence,
STRANGLE, verb arrest, block, check, choke off, crush, pronunciation, significance, superiority, tone, urgency,
extinguish, hush, inhibit, keep back, keep down, mask, weight
muzzle, put a stop to, quell, quiet, repress, reserve, re-
strain, silence, smother, snuff out, squelch, still, stop, stran- STRESS (Strain), noun adversity, affliction, agony, alarm,
gulare, subdue, suppress, withhold anxiety, apprehension, apprehensiveness, burden, coercion,
compulsion, cross, demand, disquiet, disquietude, disten-
STRATAGEM, noun ars, artful contrivance, artifice, tion, dread, duress, exertion, exigency, extension, fear,
blind, cheat, chicane, contrivance, crafty device, cunning, fearfulness, ferment, fluster, force, fright, load, misgiving,
deceit, deception, device, dodge, dolus, evasion, excuse, momentum, need, nervousness, overexertion, pinch, pon-
expedient, feint, finesse, gimmick, intrigue, machination, dus, pressure, pull, stretch, tautness, tenseness, tension,
maneuver, manipulation, plan, plot, ploy, pretext, ruse, tensity, tightness, traction, trepidation, trial, urgency
scheme, shift, strategy, subterfuge, tactic, trap, trick, wile
STRETCH (Distance), noun amplitude, expansion, ex-
STRATEGIC, adjective calculated, clever, consequen- tension, extent, field, immensity, latitude, length, magni-
tial, contrived, critical, crucial, decisive, designed, diplo- tude, reach, space, span, spell, spread
matic, diplomatical, important, key, momentous, planned,
politic, pregnant, significant, strategical, tactical, telling, STRETCH (Exaggeration), noun breadth, contrived rea-
tricky, turning, vital, well thought out son, excuse, extension, fabrication, far-fetched, far-fetched
explanation, far-fetched reason, improbable, inflation, lie,
STRATEGIST, noun brains of the operation, conceiver, magnification
contriver, creator, expert, leader, mastermind, organizer,
originator, planner, professional, schemer, strategist, tacti- STRICT, adjective absolute, accurate, austere, authori-
cian, technician tarian, authoritative, autocratic, careful, close, conscientious,

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despotic, dictatorial, diligens, disciplined, exact, exacting, labor dispute, organized refusal to work, shutdown, stop-
extreme, faithful, fastidious, formal, hard, harsh, high-princi- page, suspension of work, walkout, work stoppage
pled, imperious, inexorable, inflexible, limited, literal, me- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: lockout, mass strike, picketing, sec-
ticulous, obdurate, obligatory, orthodox, particular, positive, ondary strike
precise, principled, punctilious, puritanical, rigid, rigidus,
rigorous, scrupulous, severe, severus, stern, stiff, straitlaced, STRIKE (Assault), verb afflict, aggress, assail, attack,
stringent, tyrannical, unbending, uncompromising, uncondi- bat, batter, beat, besiege, damage, deal a blow, fall upon,
tional, unerring, unyielding, veracious harm, hit, hurt, inflict harm, inflict injury, lunge at, pound,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: strict construction, strict interpreta- slap, smash, smite, storm
tion, strict necessity
STRIKE (Collide), verb butt, come in contact, come into
STRICT CONSTRUCTION, noun absolutely by the collision, come together, conlidere, crash, encounter, hit, hit
snidest interpretation, according to the letter, by chapter against, jar, jolt, knock into, meet, smash
and verse, by the rules, conservative interpretation, exactly
as written, in a conservative interpretation, in an orthodox STRIKE (Refuse to work), verb blockade, boycott,
interpretation, literally as written, plainly within the lan- cease work, discontinue work, halt work, interrupt work,
guage, precisely as written, specific interpretation, strictly leave the job, obstruct work, quit work, rebel, refrain from
read, with a strict interpretation, with fastidious rigidity, working, revolt, stop work, suspend work, terminate
with hard-and-fast interpretation, with inflexible interpreta- work, walk out
tion, with literal interpretation, with meticulous rigidity, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: economic strike, general strike, wild-
with narrow interpretation, with punctilious rigidity, with cat strike
rigid interpretation, with unyielding interpretation
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: constitutional interpretation, literal STRIKE A BALANCE, idiom centrist, equality, equity,
construction, loose construction evenhandedness, fair-mindedness, fairness, impartiality,
justice, moderation, neutralism, neutrality, nonpartisanship,
STRICT MEANING, noun accurate meaning, correct objectivity, tolerance
meaning, defined meaning, definition, distinct meaning,
exact meaning, explanation, explicit meaning, express STRINGENT, adjective authoritative, binding, compel-
meaning, faithful meaning, inflexible meaning, literal mean- ling, compulsory, despotic, dictatorial, draconian, exact, ex-
ing, methodical meaning, meticulous meaning, narrow acting, exigent, forceful, hard, harsh, inescapable, inflexible,
meaning, not subject to interpretation, ordinary meaning, ironhanded, precise, puritanical, rigid, rigorous, rough, stern,
plain meaning, precise meaning, prescribed meaning, rigid stiff, straitlaced, strict, tyrannical, uncompromising, unyielding
meaning, rigorous meaning, sharply defined meaning, sig-
nificance, specific meaning, unbending meaning, uncom- STRIVE, verb aim, aspire, attempt, bestir oneself, bid
promising meaning, unequivocal meaning for, carry into execution, compete, conari, contend, con-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: construction, literal contract, literal test, do all one can, do one’s best, do one’s utmost, drive
proof, plain meaning rule, rules of statutory, soft plain at, drudge, employ one’s time, employ oneself, endeavor,
meaning rule, textualism endeavor to accomplish, endeavor to effect, eniti, exert
one’s energies, exert oneself, fight, go after, labor for, make
STRICT SCRUTINY, noun most heightened scrutiny, a bid, make an attempt, make an effort, point at, pursue,
requirement that a law be narrowly tailored, requirement put forth an effort, seek, strain, struggle, tackle, take action,
that a law be tailored with the least restrictive means, re- take pains, take steps, take trouble, tax one’s energies, toil,
quirement that a law represent a compelling state interest, travail, trouble oneself, try, try for, try one’s best, undertake,
standard for considering when a fundamental constitutional venture, vie, work, work hard
right is infringed, standard for reviewing laws applying to
suspect classifications STRONG, adjective able, brawny, burly, clear, compel-
ling, concentrated, crushing, determined, durable, effective,
STRICTURE, noun accusation, adverse comment, ad- enduring, energetic, firm, forceful, forcible, formidable, for-
verse criticism, animadversio, animadversion, aspersion, tis, hard, hardy, harsh, healthy, Herculean, husky, inflexible,
blame, castigation, censure, critical remark, criticism, denun- intense, lasting, lusty, manly, mighty, omnipotent, overpow-
ciation, deprecation, depreciation, diatribe, disapprobation, ering, overwhelming, perseverant, persevering, persistent,
disapproval, exception, faultfinding, objection, objurgation, persuasive, potent, powerful, puissant, reinforced, reliable,
obloquy, philippic, rebuke, reprehension, reproach, reproba- resolute, rich, robust, robustus, rugged, secure, solid, sound,
tion, reproof, tirade, unfavorable remark, vituperation stable, stalwart, staunch, steadfast, steady, stiff, stout, strap-
ping, strengthful, sturdy, tenacious, titanic, tough, unflimsy,
STRIFE, noun agitation, altercation, animosity, battle, unmixed, unpliant, unremitting, unyielding, valens, vibrant,
belligerency, broil, certamen, certatio, clash, combat, com- vigorous, violent, virile, vivid, well-built, well-made, wiry
petition, conflict, contention, contest, contestation, contrari- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: strong case, strong evidence, strong
ety, controversy, counteraction, disaccord, disaggreement, probability
discord, disputation, dispute, disquiet, dissension, dissent,
dissidence, encounter, engagement, eruption, faction, fac- STRUCTURE (Composition), noun arrangement, con-
tionalism, fight, fighting, fray, friction, imbroglio, incompat- figuration, constitution, design, disposition, essence, fabric,
ibility, match, opposition, outbreak, outburst, polemics, form, formation, layout, make up, organization, pattern,
quarrel, race, rift, rivalry, row, squabble, struggle, trouble, plan, set up, shape, style, substance
unrest, upheaval, variance, violence, war, warfare, wrangle
STRUCTURE (Edifice), noun building, establishment,
STRIKE, noun boycott, collective refusal to work, con- erection, location, premises
certed refusal to work, group refusal to work, job action, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: corporate structure

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STRUGGLE, noun affray, agitation, attempt, battle, SUBDIVISION, noun bisection, categorization, cate-
broil, certamen, clash, combat, competition, conflict, gory, class, classification, compartment, component,
confrontation, contention, contestation, controversy, dis- division, fraction, fragment, group, grouping, pars, part,
agreement, dissension, effort, encounter, endeavor, en- partition, section, sector, segment, separation, subcate-
gagement, essay, exertion, feud, fight, force, fracas, grind, gory, subclass, subgroup, subheading
haul, labor, luctatio, opposition, pains, pursuit, push, quar- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: political subdivision, subdivision of a
rel, rencounter, resistance, scrimmage, scuffle, strain, striv- statute
ing, tussle, work
SUBDUE, verb abate, allay, beat, beat down, bend, best,
STUDIOUS, adjective academic, assiduous, bookish, break, bring under rule, calm, captivate, capture, choke,
bookworm, busy, careful, conscientious, contemplative, de- conquer, control, crush, curb, deaden, defeat, discipline,
voted, diligent, disciplined, eager, earnest, hard-working, discomfit, domare, dominate, dull, enthrall, foil, get the
industrious, intellectual, learned, lettered, meditative, reflec- better of, harness, humble, inhibit, lessen, lower, make
tive, sedulous, serious, thoughtful, well-informed, well-read docile, make submissive, make tractable, master, moder-
ate, mollify, muffle, mute, obtund, oppress, overbear, over-
STUDY, verb acquire knowledge, analyze, apply the come, overpower, overwhelm, put down, quell, quiet, re-
mind, attend, audit, cerebrate, consider, contemplate, de- duce, rein, repress, restrain, silence, slacken, smash,
vote oneself to, dissect, do research, educate oneself, ex- smother, soften, subiungere, subject, subjugate, suppress,
amine, excogitate, explore, eye, incumbere, inquire into, tame, temper, tone down, tranquilize, triumph over, van-
inspect, intellectualize, investigate, learn, meditate, mull quish, worst
over, muse, note, observe, peruse, ponder, pore over, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: subdue an assailant
probe, pursue, read, reconnoiter, reflect upon, research,
review, revolve in the mind, ruminate, scan, school oneself, SUBHEADING, noun article, categorization, chapter,
scrutinize, search into, sift, specialize, studere, survey, think classification, clause, division, heading, paragraph, section,
about, train in, view, weigh segment, subdivision, subgroup, subsection, title

STYLE, noun appearance, artistry, aspect, cast, character, SUBJECT (Conditional), adjective contingent, depen-
class, custom, denomination, description, expression, fashion, dent, dependent on circumstances, depending upon, inci-
form, genre, genus, guise, habit, individual method, kind, dent to, incidental, provisional, relying upon, subiectus,
make, manner, manner of presentation, method, mode, subordinate, uncertain
model, modus, pattern, presentation, rage, ratio, school, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: subject to approval, subject to defea-
shape, taste, technique, tone, trend, type, vogue, way sance, subject to review

STYMIE, verb block, circumscribe, counteract, curb, SUBJECT (Exposed), adjective accountable, answer-
deadlock, debar, delay, disadvantage, encumber, estop, able, at the mercy of, chargeable, liable, open, prone, sus-
forestall, frustrate, hamper, handicap, hinder, impede, in- ceptible, unexempt from, vulnerable
convenience, inhibit, obstruct, parry, preclude, prevent, put
an end to, stall, stand in the way, stay, stifle, stop, thwart, SUBJECT (Object), noun case, experimentee, liegeman,
stump, suppress recipient, testee, victim
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: subject of an investigation
SUA SPONTE, noun elective, offered, on one’s own ac-
cord, on the court’s own initiative, on the court’s own voli- SUBJECT (Topic), noun affair, argumentum, content,
tion, on the court’s own will, optional and freely initiated, course, gist, issue, material, matter, motif, pith, point, point
self-initiated, self-willed, uncompelled, volitional, volun- at issue, quaestio, study, text, theme, thesis
tary, willful ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: interest in subject matter, subject of
agreement, subject of bailment, subject of commerce, sub-
SUASIBLE, adjective accessible, amenable, convincible, ject of statute, subject of tax
docile, easily convinced, easily persuaded, easygoing, fac-
ile, flexible, inducible, influenceable, movable, open, open- SUBJECT, verb bring under domination, bring under
minded, persuadable, persuasible, pervious, pliable, pliant, rule, cause to undergo, conquer, control, crush, defeat,
receptive, responsive, swayable, tractable disfranchise, dominate, enslave, enthrall, expose, get the
better of, govern, hold down, hold in bondage, hold in
SUASIVE, adjective apposite, apt, cogent, compelling, subjection, humble, keep down, make liable, make sub-
conclusive, consequential, convictive, convincing, fitting, missive, make subordinate, make subservient, master,
forceful, influential, irresistible, justified, meaningful, mo- obnoxium reddere, oppress, overcome, overmaster, over-
mentous, persuasive, pertinent, potent, powerful, signifi- throw, quell, repress, rule, subdue, subicere, subjugate,
cant, strong subordinate, suppress, tame, triumph over, vanquish,
worst
SUBALTERN, adjective baser, humble, inferior, junior,
less, lesser, low, lower, lower in rank, lowly, minor, of lower SUBJECT MATTER, noun content, contents, context,
rank, secondary, servile, subalternate, subcenturio, subordi- framework, import, material, matter, scope, study, sub-
nate, subsidiary, under stance, sum and substance, text, writing
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: subject matter jurisdiction
SUBDIVIDE, verb apportion, bisect, break down, cat-
egorize, classify, cleave, cut, dissect, dissever, distribute, SUBJECTION, noun bondage, captivity, conquest,
divide, divide into parcels, divide up, graduate, group, control, disenfranchisement, disfranchisement, duress,
parcel, partition, portion, redistribute, redivide, separate, enslavement, enthrallment, force, helotry, inferior rank, in-
sever, share, split, sunder voluntary servitude, loss of freedom, officium, servitude,

601
 SUBJECTIVE

servitus, slavery, subdual, subjugation, submission, subor- court directive, issue a writ, issue process, notify to appear,
dination, subserviency, thrall, yielding, yoke order, order to appear, require compliance, require to at-
tend, send for, summon, summon to court
SUBJECTIVE, adjective biased, colored by bias, emo- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: subpoena a witness, subpoena before
tional, individual, individualized, internal, introspective, a jury, subpoena records, subpoena to a grand jury
nonobjective, personal, personalized, prejudiced, unre-
alistic SUBPOENA DUCES TECUM, noun judicial command,
judicial demand for an accounting, judicial demand for ar-
SUBJUGATE, verb beat, bring to terms, command, con- chive, judicial demand for documentation, judicial demand
quer, control, crush, defeat, dominate, enslave, enthrall, for documents, judicial demand for files, judicial directive
govern, hold captive, hold in bondage, hold sway over, to produce documents, judicial mandate to produce docu-
humble, master, overbear, overcome, overpower, overrule, ments, judicial order to produce documents
overthrow, overwhelm, put down, quash, quell, reduce, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: subpoena ad testificandum
restrain, rob of freedom, rout, rule over, sell into slavery,
subdue, subject, suppress, tame, trample, triumph over, SUBREPTION, noun deception, deliberate misrepresen-
vanquish tation, fabrication, false swearing, falsehood, falsification,
guile, invention, lying, mendacity, misrepresentation, per-
SUBLEASE, verb allow the use of, demise, grant a de- jury, prevarication, untruth
mise, grant a lease, hire, let out, make available for rent,
rent, rent out, sublet, subrent, underlet SUBROGATION, noun change, commutation, dis-
placement, exchange, interchange, replacement, replac-
SUBLET, verb allow the use of, contract to lease, lease, ing, substitution, succession, supersedure, supersession,
let out, relet, rent, rent out, sublease, subrent, underlet supplantation, supplanting, surrogation, switch, transfer,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: assignment, covenant against sublet- transference
ting, restriction against subletting ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: conventional subrogation, legal sub-
rogation, rights of subrogation
SUBMIT (Give), verb advance, commit, extend, hold out,
introduce, make a motion, make a suggestion, present, SUBSCRIBE (Promise), verb advocate, agree, assent,
propose, propound, put, put forth, put forward, refer, re- consent, donate to, enroll, guarantee, patronize, pledge,
ferre, suggest, tender promise to contribute, register, support, warrant
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: submit to arbitration, submit to the
court, submit to the jury SUBSCRIBE (Sign), verb acknowledge, affix one’s sig-
nature, approve, attest, certify, confirm, endorse, inscribe,
SUBMIT (Yield), verb accede, accept, acknowledge de- mark, ratify, seal, set a name to, sign a name to, undersign,
feat, acquiesce, admit defeat, bear with, bend, bow to, ca- underwrite, witness, write
pitulate, cease resistance, comply, endure, give in, give up,
give way to, heed, listen to, make the best of, mind, obey, SUBSCRIPTION, noun acceptance, affirmation, agree-
put up with, reconcile oneself to, relent, resign, succumb, ment, approval, assent, authentication, certification, confir-
surrender, tolerate mation, consent, endorsement, enrollment, ratification,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: submit to the jurisdiction of the court registration, sanction, signature, validation

SUBORDINATE, adjective subordinate position, acces- SUBSEQUENT, adjective coming, ensuing, eventual,
sory, ancillary, auxiliary, collateral, humble, inferior, junior, following, future, insequens, later, latter, next, posterior,
less important, less significant, lesser, low-level, lower, sequent, sequential, succeeding, trailing
lower in rank, lowly, minor, secondary, subaltern, subject, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: subsequent condition, subsequent
subjected, submissive, subservient, subsidiary creditor
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: subordinate interest, subordinate lien
SUBSERVIENT, adjective abject, accessory, adjuvant,
SUBORN, verb bribe, bribe to take a false oath, buy off, aidful, aiding, ancillary, auxiliary, base, contributory, cring-
corrupt, fraudulently induce, induce, induce another to ing, deferential, dependent, enslaved, fawning, helpful, in-
commit perjury, induce by illegal gratuity, instigate, offer an ferior, ingratiating, junior, lesser, lower, menial, ministrant,
inducement, procure another to commit perjury, procure obedient, obeisant, obsequens, obsequious, prostrate, sec-
indirectly, seduce, subornare, tamper with ondary, serviceable, servile, slavish, subaltern, subject,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: suborn perjury submissive, subordinate, subsidiary, sycophantic, toadying,
tractable, truckling, unassertive, unctious, useful, utilitarian,
SUBPOENA, noun call, citation, command, command valuable
to appear, demand, denuntiatio testimonii, directive, im-
perative, instruction, invocation, judicial imperative, legal SUBSIDE, verb abate, become less active, calm, con-
mandate, legal process, mandate, notification, order, order sidere, decline, decrease, descend, die away, diminish, dip,
to appear, order to appear in court, process, request, re- drop, dwindle, ebb, fall, fall away, fall off, grow less, lapse,
quirement to attend, summons, writ lessen, let up, lull, melt away, mitigate, moderate, peter
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: information subpoena, judicial sub- out, quiet, recede, relax, remit, residere, settle, shrink, sink,
poena, subpoena ad testificandum, subpoena duces tecum slack off, slacken, taper off, wane

SUBPOENA, verb beckon, call for the presence of, call SUBSIDIARY, noun adjuvant, aiding, assistant, auxil-
forth, call out, call to witness, call with authority, command to iary, cooperating, helping, secondary, subordinate, subser-
appear, compel attendence, demand, denuntiatio testimonii, vient, supplemental, supplementary
direct, direct the attendance of, issue a command, issue a ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: subsidiary corporation

602
 SUBTLE

SUBSIDIZE, verb abet, adiuvare, advance, afford aid, SUBSTANTIVE, adjective actual, appreciable, basic,
afford support, aid, assist, back, befriend, bestow, bolster, concrete, considerable, constituent, elemental, essential,
contribute, endow, finance, foster, furnish aid, furnish sup- existent, existing, fundamental, important, independent,
port, further, give, give a grant to, give aid, give support main, material, not subordinate, objective, palpable, posi-
to, help, help with money, keep, lend one’s aid, lend sup- tive, primary, principal, real, requisite, separate, solid,
port, maintain, patronize, pay, pay for, pay toward, pro- substantial, tangible, underlying, vital
mote, provide capital for, provide financing, provide for, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: substantive law, substantive right,
provide funds for, provide money for, render assistance, substantive statute of limitations
stand behind, stand by, subscribe, subserve, subvention-
ize, supply aid, supply support, support, sustain, under- SUBSTANTIVE DUE PROCESS, noun fundamental rights,
write, uphold limitation on government’s power to restrict liberty, non-
procedural due process, protection of fundamental consti-
SUBSIDY, noun allotment, allowance, backing, bounty, tutional liberties, rights that must be preserved
contribution, gift, grant, grant-in-aid, stipend, subsistence, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments
subvention
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: government subsidy SUBSTANTIVE ISSUE, noun benchmark, bookmark,
critical point, crucial point, crux, essence, essential matter,
SUBSIST, verb abide, be, be nurtured, be supported, be fundamental part, gist, gravamen, heart, key point, linch-
sustained, constare, continue, endure, exist, go on, hold pin, main point, material point, milestone, pivotal point,
on, last, live, maintain, outlast, outlive, perdure, persist, prime issue, salient point, substance, substantive point,
prevail, remain, remain alive, stand fast, stay, stay alive, turning point
survive
SUBSTITUTE, noun agent, alternate, alternative, auxil-
SUBSTANCE (Essential nature), noun actuality, back- iary, delegate, deputy, double, emissary, envoy, factor,
bone, basis, body, content, core, drift, essence, essential lieutenant, pinch hitter, plenipotentiary, proxy, regent, re-
part, force, gist, heart, hypostasis, idea, import, marrow, lief, replacement, representation, representative, stand-in,
material, meaning, pith, principle, purport, reality, sense, steward, stopgap, substitution, supplanter, surrogate, sym-
significance, signification, soul, sum, tenor, vital part bol, temporary expedient, trustee, understudy

SUBSTANCE (Material possessions), noun assets, capi- SUBSTITUTION OF COUNSEL, noun appointment of
tal, command of money, corpus, estate, fortune, income, new counsel, change of counsel, hiring a new attorney,
means, money, ownership, property, resources, revenue, replacement of the current attorney, replacing the current
riches, treasure, wealth, wherewithal counsel, retaining a new attorney-at-law, retaining a new
barrister, retention of new counsel, substituting for the cur-
SUBSTANTIAL, adjective abundant, ample, concrete, rent lawyer
consequential, considerable, established, existent, existing, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: ineffective assistance of counsel, right
firmus, flush, genuine, gravis, great, important, large, plen- to counsel
tiful, real, significant, sizable, strong, substantive, valid
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: substantial breach, substantial claim, SUBSTITUTION OF COUNSEL, verb appointment of
substantial compliance, substantial controversy, substantial new counsel, change of counsel, change of legal represen-
damages, substantial error, substantial evidence, substan- tative, new representation, replacement of counsel, re-
tial factor, substantial impairment, substantial injury, sub- placement of the current attorney, replacing the current
stantial interest, substantial issue, substantial justice, counsel, retention of a new attorney-at-law, retention of
substantial performance, substantial question, substantial new counsel, substitution for the current lawyer, substitu-
right, substantial use tion of attorney
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: attorney withdrawal, disqualifica-
SUBSTANTIAL CAUSE SHOWN, noun good cause tion of counsel, ineffective assistance of counsel, right to
shown, legitimate basis proven, proper cause demon- counsel
strated, reasonable basis shown, substantial factors proven,
sufficient foundation, sufficient grounds SUBSUME, verb assimilate, carry, compose, compre-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: temporary restraining orders hend, comprise, consist of, constitute, contain, embody,
embrace, encompass, entail, form, have within, hold, in-
SUBSTANTIATE, verb actualize, affirm, attest, authen- clude, incorporate, integrate into, involve, make, number,
ticate, bear out, bear witness, certify, circumstantiate, con- own, possess, receive, take in
firm, corroborate, demonstrate, embody, establish by
proof, evidence, make good, materialize, objectify, prove, SUBTERFUGE, noun artifice, camouflage, chicane, chica-
ratify, realize, reify, substantialize, support, uphold, vali- nery, concealment, counterfeit, deception, deverticulum, de-
date, verify, vindicate vice, dodge, duplicity, elusion, evasion, excuse, fabrication,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: substantiate a claim, substantiate falsehood, fib, fiction, finesse, forgery, guise, imposture,
charges jugglery, latebra, lie, loophole, machination, maneuver,
mask, plan, pretense, pretext, prevarication, ruse, sham, shift,
SUBSTANTIATION, noun authenticating evidence, smoke screen, sophistry, strategem, subtlety, trick, untruth
confirmation, confirming evidence, corroborating evi-
dence, evidence which bears out the truth, evidence SUBTLE (Insidious), adjective canny, contriving, crafty,
which proves a supposition, evidence which ratifies a cunning, deceitful, deceptive, designing, feline, guileful, il-
position, evidence which validates a supposition, support- lusive, implied, indistinct, inferred, insinuated, intriguing,
ing evidence, verification serpentine, shifty, shrewd, sly, sophistical, stealthy, tricky,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: substantiation of charges underhand, vulpine, wily

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SUBTLE (Refined), adjective accomplished, airy, apt, efficacious, felicitous, felix, flourishing, fortunate, fortuna-
artful, artistic, astute, clever, deft, delicate, diplomatic, dis- tus, fruitful, gainful, prevailing, profitable, prospering,
cerning, discreet, discriminating, exact, expert, keen, light, prosperous, rich, satisfied, thriving, triumphant, unbeaten,
masterly, meticulous, perceptive, politic, precise, saga- undefeated, unvanquished, victorious, wealthy, well-off,
cious, sharp, skillful, slender, sophisticated, strategic, sub- well-situated, well-to-do, winning
tile, superfine, tactful
SUCCESSION, noun chain, concatenation, consecu-
SUBTRACT, verb abate, abbreviate, abridge, crop, cur- tion, consecutive order, continuatio, cycle, descent, de-
tail, cut, cut back, cut down, decrease, deduct, diminish, volution, family, issue, lineage, offspring, order, poster-
discount, downsize, dwindle, lessen, lower, minimize, pare ity, procession, progeny, progression, sequence, series,
down, prune, reduce, retrench, shorten, slash, take off, successorship, train
trim, truncate, whittle ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: hereditary succession, intestate suc-
cession, legal succession, line of succession, natural succes-
SUBTRACTION, noun abstraction, ademption, curtail- sion, successor employer, successor interest, testamentary
ment, decrease, decrement, deduction, diminution, dis- succession
count, exception, lessening, reduction, removal, retrench- FOREIGN PHRASES: Haereditas est successio in universum
ment, shortening, shrinkage, subduction, withdrawal jus quod defunctus habuerit. Inheritance is the succes-
sion to every right which the deceased had possessed.
SUBVERSION, noun abolition, annihilation, breakup, Haereditas nihil aliud est, quam successio in univer-
debacle, defeat, demolition, destruction, devastation, dises- sum jus, quod defunctus habuerit. An inheritance is
tablishment, disruption, eversio, extinction, extirpation, in- nothing other than the succession to all the rights which the
cendiarism, inversion, overset, overthrow, overturn, perdi- deceased had. Qui in jus dominiumve alterius succedit
tion, rebellion, revolt, revolution, ruin, ruination, sabotage, jure ejus uti debet. One who succeeds to the ownership
sedition, subversive activities, upheaval, uprising, upset rights of another should enjoy the rights of the other. Non
debeo melioris conditionis esse, quam auctor meus a
SUBVERSIVES, noun cell, enemy combatant, enemy quo jus in me transit. I ought not to be in better condition
group, extremist group, extremists, incendiaries, insur- than he to whose rights I succeed.
gents, rebel organization, revolutionaries, saboteurs, un-
derground extremists SUCCESSIVE, adjective after, consecutive, ensuing,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: justice courts, military tribunals, Patriot following, later, subsequent, succeeding, sequent, sequen-
Act, prison cells, sleeper cell, terrorism, terrorist cell tial
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: successive application, successive
SUBVERT, verb annihilate, confound, corrupt, defeat, continuance, successive proceeding, successive term of
demolish, demoralize, despoil, destroy, devastate, dises- imprisonment, successive writ
tablish, dismantle, disrupt, evertere, extinguish, extirpate,
impair, injure, lay waste, level, overset, overthrow, over- SUCCESSOR, noun beneficiary, descendant, follower,
turn, pervert, pull down, put an end to, ruin, spy against, grantee, newcomer, next in line, replacement, scion
subvertere, throw down, topple, tumble, turn over, under- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: successor in estate, successor in inter-
mine, undo, upset, vitiate est, successor in office, successor in trust
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: subvert the laws
SUCCINCT, adjective abbreviated, brevis, brief, com-
SUCCEDANEUM, noun change, ersatz, exchange, re- pact, compendious, concise, condensed, curt, epigrammatic,
placement, secondary, substitute, substitution expressed in few words, irreducible, laconic, pauciloquent,
pithy, sententious, short, summary, synoptic, terse, to the
SUCCEED (Attain), verb accomplish, achieve, acquire, point, trenchant
advance, be victorious, bear fruit, bloom, capture, come
through, conquer, do well, earn, fare well, flourish, fulfill, SUCCUMB, verb accede, acquiesce, be defeated, bend,
gain, gain a victory, make a hit, manage, master, meet with bow, break down, capitulate, cave in, cease, collapse, come
success, obtain, prevail, profit, progress, prosper, reach, to naught, come to terms, comply, concede, die, droop,
realize, reap, rem bene, score a success, secure, surmount drop, end, expire, fail, fall, flag, give in, give way, go down,
obstacles, thrive, triumph, vanquish, win, wrest go under, knuckle under, lose, perish, relent, resign, stoop,
submit, succumbere, surrender, tire, yield
SUCCEED (Follow), verb arise, be subsequent, come
after, come subsequently, derive, develop, displace, ensue, SUDDEN, adjective abrupt, fast, immediate, im-
excipere, follow after, follow in order, give place to, go after, promptu, improbable, improvised, instinctive, involuntary,
go next, outmode, postdate, relieve, remove, replace, serve knee-jerk, off-the-cuff, precipitant, precipitate, quick, reac-
as a substitute, set aside, subrogate, substitute for, succedere, tive, reflex, spontaneous, spur-of-the-moment, unantici-
supersede, supervene, supplant, take over, take the place of pated, unpremeditated, unrehearsed, unexpected, unfore-
seen, unintended, unlikely, unplanned, unpredictable,
SUCCESS, noun achievement, advantage, astronomi- unpredicted
cal hit, attainment, blockbuster, blue chip, coup, extraordi- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: sudden and accidental pollution
nary hit, gem, hit, jewel, marvel, phenomenon, prizewin-
ner, progress, prosperity, record-breaker, sensation, smash, SUE, verb appeal to the law, apply for, ask for relief,
spectacular hit, treasure, triumph, victory, welfare, winner, beseech, bring a legal action, bring an action, bring to jus-
wonder tice, bring to the bar, claim, commence a suit, contest, en-
treat, file a legal claim, file suit, implore, initiate a civil ac-
SUCCESSFUL, adjective affluent, auspicious, blooming, tion, institute a legal proceeding, institute process, legally
blossoming, booming, champion, comfortable, effective, pursue, litigate against, make appeal to, orare, petition,

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 SUIT

plead, prefer a claim, press a claim, pursue a claim, put on forward, sufficient corroboration, sufficient evidence in a case,
trial, rogare, seek by request, supplicate, take to court sufficient evidence to establish a case, sufficient proof of facts,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: power to sue, right to sue, standing validation of proof of a case, verification of proof of a case
to sue ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: cause of action of claim, evidence,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Nemo alieno nomine lege agere potest. evidential burden, failure to sustain, preponderance of the
No one can sue in the name of another. evidence, prima facie case, rebuttal, weight of evidence
FOREIGN PHRASES: Onus probandi. Burden of proof.
SUFFER (Permit), verb abide, accede, accept, acqui-
esce, allow, assent, authorize, be reconciled, be resigned, SUFFRAGE, noun affranchisement, autonomy, choice,
bear with, brook, comply, concede, consent, empower, emancipation, enfranchisement, exemption from control,
give consent, give leave, give permission, grant, grant exemption from restraint, franchise, freedom, freedom of
permission, indulge, let, license, oblige, pati, permittere, choice, liberation, liberty, license, manumission, option,
put up with, sinere, tolerate popular decision, prerogative, right to vote, say, self-de-
termination, self-government, suffragium, voice, vote
SUFFER (Sustain loss), verb agonize, ail, anguish, be ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: election law, voters’ rights
afflicted, be impaired, be injured, be racked, be stricken, be
subjected to, be wounded, bear, endure, experience loss, SUGGEST, verb advise, advocate, allude, argue,
feel pain, hurt, incur loss, languish, lose, minui, sacrifice, charge, coax, connote, convey, counsel, denote, evidence,
sustain damage exhort, hint, implicate, imply, indicate, insinuate, instruct,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: suffer harm, suffer loss mention, nominate, offer, persuade, pose, postulate, pre-
scribe, present, proffer, promise, prompt, propose, pro-
SUFFERANCE, noun allowance, authorization, calm- pound, purport, put forth, put forward, recommend, refer,
ness, capacity to endure, composure, concession, control, remark, remind, signify, submit, urge
countenance, forbearance, fortitude, imperturbation, indul- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: suggestive terms, suggestive inter-
gence, leave, license, longanimity, patience, patient endur- rogatories
ance, patientia, permission, resignation, sanction, self-
control, self-possession, self-restraint, stoicism, submission, SUGGESTION, noun admonitio, advancement, advice,
suffering, tolerance, toleratio, toleration allusion, breath, clue, consilium, counsel, cue, exhortation,
glimmer, hint, idea, implication, indication, inference, in-
SUFFERING (Forbearance), noun adversity, anguish, kling, innuendo, insinuation, intimation, lead, motion, out-
depression, despair, desperation, despondence, despon- line, overtone, pointer, possibility, prompting, prompture,
dency, hurt, miserable condition, pain proposal, proposition, recommendation, reminder, repre-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: damages, pain and suffering sentation, resolution, scheme, slight trace, statement, sug-
gested plan, suspicion, symbol, tentative statement,
SUFFERING (Hardship), noun acquiescence, amenabil- thought, tip, touch, trace, whisper
ity, compliance, conformism, docility, ennui, melancholy, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: suggestion of error, suggestive inter-
obedience, passiveness, passivity, resignation, sadness, rogation
submission, subordination, tractability
SUGGESTIVE (Evocative), adjective allusive, commem-
SUFFICIENCY, noun abundance, accumulation, ade- orative, commemoratory, connotative, demonstrative, ex-
quacy, adequate resources, affluence, ample stock, ample- pressive, graphic, graphical, implicative, indicant, indicative,
ness, amplitude, cache, capacity, competence, compe- indicatory, inferential, insinuative, insinuatory, intriguing,
tency, copiousness, cornucopia, enough, fill, full measure, lifelike, meaningful, ominous, pictorial, provocative, recol-
fullness, fund, glut, hoard, large amount, plenitude, plenty, lective, redolent, referential, remindful, reminiscent, remi-
plethora, profuseness, profusion, quod satis est, redun- niscential, symbolic, thought-provoking, vivid
dance, repletion, reservoir, satiety, satisfactoriness, satura- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: suggestive lineup
tion, shower, store, sufficientness, superabundance, supply,
surfeit, treasure, wealth, wherewithal SUGGESTIVE (Risqué), adjective bawdy, carnal, coarse,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: legal sufficiency, sufficiency of the erotic, improper, indecent, indelicate, lascivious, lecherous,
evidence lewd, libidinous, lickerish, loose, lurid, lustful, obscene, off-
color, pornographic, provocative, racy, ribald, salacious,
SUFFICIENT, adjective adequate, ample, capable, com- seductive, sexy, shameless, smutty, spicy, titillating, wan-
fortable, commensurate, commensurate with, competent, ton
enough, equal to, fair, in fair condition, in good condition,
just, meritorious, operative, plentiful, plenty, qualified, re- SUI GENERIS, noun in its own category, in its own
plete, satisfactory, satisfying, suitable group, of its own character, of its own class, of its own
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: sufficient cause, sufficient evidence, classification, of its own denomination, of its own desig-
sufficient facts nation, of its own genre, of its own kind, of its own nature,
of its own type, of its own variety, peculiar, special, the only
SUFFICIENT FOUNDATION, noun good cause shown, one of its kind, unique
legitimate basis proven, proper cause demonstrated,
reasonable basis shown, substantial cause shown, substan- SUIT, noun action, action at law, action to serve justice,
tial factors proven, sufficient grounds case, causa, cause, cause in court, judicial contest, lawsuit,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: temporary restraining orders legal action, legal proceeding, legal remedy, lis, litigation,
petition, proceeding, suit in law, trial
SUFFICIENT PROOF, noun adequate evidence, adequate ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: class suits, nonsuit, suit against state
proof legally presented at trial, burden of going forward, FOREIGN PHRASES: Secta est pugna civilis; sicut actores
burden of proof, legal responsibility, obligation of going armantur actionibus, et, quasi, accinguntur gladiis,

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ita rei muniuntur exceptionibus, et defenduntur, quasi, recapitulate, reprise, shorten, shrink, simplify, streamline,
clypeis. A suit is a civil battle; for as the plaintiffs are sum up, synopsize
armed with actions, and, as it were, girded with swords,
so the defendants are fortified with pleas, and are de- SUMMARY, adjective brevis, concise, direct, done
fended, as it were, with shields. Frustra agit qui judicium without delay, expeditious, hasty, hurried, immediate, in-
prosequi nequit cum effectu. He sues vainly who cannot stantaneous, prompt, quick, quickly executed, quickly
prosecute his judgment with effect. Nemo alieno nomine performed, rapid, speedy, sudden, swift
lege agere potest. No one can sue in the name of another. ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: summary action, summary contempt,
summary conviction, summary hearing, summary judg-
SUITABILITY, noun accepted standard, adequacy, ap- ment, summary proceeding, summary process, summary
plicability, appropriateness, aptness, compatibility, correct punishment
standard, expediency, felicity, fitness, fittingness, happiness,
justifiability, properness, propriety, relevance, right standard, SUMMARY, noun abbreviation, abridgment, abstract,
rightness, serviceableness, suitableness, usefulness, utility analysis, brief, compend, compendium, compilation, com-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: appropriate investment strategies pressed statement, conspectus, core, digest, epitoma,
epitome, minute, note, outline, pandect, recap, recapitula-
SUITABLE, adjective acceptable, accommodating, ac- tion, report, restatement, review, short version, skeleton,
cordant, adapted, adequate, admissible, advantageous, ad- summarium, syllabus, synopsis
visable, applicable, apposite, appropriate, apropos, apt,
aptus, becoming, befitting, commensurate, commodious, SUMMATION (Presentation), noun analysis, comple-
compatible, condign, conformable, congenial, congruent, tion, conclusion, examination, oral argument, reasons
congruous, consentaneous, consentaneus, consistent, con- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: summation of a case
sonant, convenient, correct, correspondent, decent, deco-
rous, deserved, desirable, due, eligible, expedient, favor- SUMMATION (Sum), noun addition, aggregate, ag-
able, feasible, felicitous, fit, fitting, germane, harmonious, gregation, cumulative sum, result, total, totality
idoneous, idoneus, just, likely, meet, merited, opportune,
pat, pertinent, practicable, proper, proportionate, qualified, SUMMON, verb advocare, appellare, beckon, bid, call
reasonable, reconcilable, relevant, right, rightful, satisfactory, for, call for the presence of, call forth, call into action, call to
seasonable, seemly, sufficient, suited, timely, valid, worthy witness, call with authority, charge, cite, command, com-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: suitable for a particular purpose mand to appear, compel attendance, demand, give orders,
issue a command, issue a court directive, issue process,
SUITOR, noun appellant, applicant, claimant, litigant, notify to appear, order, order to appear, require compli-
litigator, party to a suit, petitioner, plaintiff, pleader, seeker, ance, require to attend, send for, subpoena
solicitor, suppliant, supplicant ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: summon to appear in court

SULLY, verb asperse, attaint, bedim, begrime, belittle, SUMMONS, noun authoritative citation to appear be-
bemire, besmear, blacken, blemish, blot, blur, brand, con- fore a court, authoritative command, bid, calling to court,
taminate, corrupt, daub, debase, decry, deface, defame, citation, command to appear, commandment, direction,
defile, degrade, denigrate, denounce, deprecate, depreci- invocation, legal process, mandate, notification to appear,
ate, dirty, discredit, disgrace, dishonor, disparage, dispraise, official call, official court order, official notice, official order,
drabble, dull, foul, gibbet, impeach, impugn, injure, inquin- order to appear, request to appear, writ, written notification
are, knock, maculare, make unclean, malign, mar, pollute, to appear in court
put to shame, run down, shame, slur, smear, smirch,
smudge, soil, spatter, speak ill of, splash, spoil, spot, stain, SUNSET LAW, noun a law which will be discontinued,
stigmatize, taint, tarnish, traduce, vilify, vilipend, vitiate a law which will be eliminated, a statute which automatically
ends, a statute which automatically terminates, a statute
SUM (Tally), noun compendium, essence, figure, gist, which expires, a statute which will cease, ending law, expir-
idea conveyed, meaning, score, substance, summary ing law, statute with a fixed lifespan, terminating law

SUM (Total), noun aggregate amount, all, entirety, ev- SUNSHINE LAWS, noun availability of government
erything, gross amount, sum total, the whole, totality, documents, availability of government information, avail-
wholeness ability of governmental records, freedom of information
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: sum paid, sum and substance, sum in laws, freely available government information, open access
controversy, sum certain, sum demanded, sum in question to government information laws, open government laws
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: Freedom of Information Act
SUM, verb add, compute, count up, figure up, reckon
up, summate, total SUPER PAC, noun political committee capable of ac-
cepting boundless contributions, political committee capa-
SUMMARIZATION, noun abbreviation, abridgment, ble of accepting limitless corporate contributions, political
analysis, brief, compendium, compilation, conclusion, con- committee capable of accepting unbounded donations,
densation, core, digest, overview, recap, recapitulation, political committee capable of accepting unlimited contri-
report, restatement, review, skeleton, summary, syllabus, butions, political committee capable of accepting unre-
synopsis strained contributions
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: summarization presented to the jury ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: Federal Election Law

SUMMARIZE, verb abridge, abstract, boil down, brief, SUPERANNUATE, verb antiquate, cancel, dismiss,
concentrate, condense, consolidate, cut, digest, encapsu- make extinct, make obsolete, make outdated, remove, re-
late, epitomize, essentialize, extract, outline, recap, place, retire, shelve, withdraw

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SUPERB, adjective astronomical, awesome, bang-up, SUPERLATIVE, adjective best, champion, chief, con-
banner, beautiful, best, blue-chip, capital, choice, classic, summate, crowning, excellent, excessive, eximius, ex-
dynamite, fabulous, famous, five-star, grand, great, impres- treme, first-rate, foremost, greatest, highest, immoderate,
sive, incredible, noble, outstanding, perfect, preeminent, incomparable, inflated, inimitable, matchless, most eminent,
premium, prime, quality, sensational, splendid, stellar, ster- nonpareil, optimus, paramount, peerless, prime, principal,
ling, superior, superlative, terrific, top-notch second to none, sovereign, super, superexcellent, superfine,
superior, supreme, surpassing, tiptop, transcendent, un-
SUPERCILIOUS, adjective arrogant, assumptive, bump- equaled, unexcelled, unmatched, unparalleled, unrivaled,
tious, cavalier, condescending, contemptuous, contumeli- unsurpassed, utmost, without parallel
ous, derisive, dictatorial, disdainful, disrespectful, domi-
neering, egotistic, fastidiosus, haughty, imperious, SUPERSEDE, verb abolish, annul, discard, displace,
inso-lent, intolerant, irreverent, lofty, lordly, magisterial, make obsolete, make void, nullify, obviate, oust, override,
overbearing, overweening, patronizing, peremptory, overrule, preclude, put in the place of, remove, repeal, re-
pompous, presumptuous, prideful, proud, puffed up, place, set aside, stand in stead of, subrogate, substitute,
scornful, superbus, swollen, toplofty, uppish, uppity, vain- succedere, succeed, supplant, take the place of, void
glorious, withering ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: superseding cause

SUPERFICIAL, adjective careless, cursory, depthless, SUPERSEDING CAUSE, noun annulment, break, dis-
desultory, empty, exterior, external, frivolous, hasty, hur- placement, immediate legal basis, immediate legal cause,
ried, inane, insubstantial, lax, levis, outward, perfunctory, immediate legal genesis, interceding break, nullification,
sciolistic, shallow, shoal, silly, skin-deep, slapdash, slight, obviation, ousting, overriding cause, overruling cause,
surface, trifling, trivial, unthinking preclusion, put in the place of, removal, replacement, sub-
stitution, succession, sufficient legal basis, sufficient legal
SUPERFLUOUS, adjective additional, adscititious, dis- cause, sufficient legal factor, sufficient legal genesis, suffi-
pensable, duplicate, excess, excrescent, expendable, cient legel inducements, sufficient legal source, supplant-
extra, extravagant, inessential, inordinate, lavish, luxuriant, ing legal cause, voidance
luxurious, more than enough, more than sufficient, need- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: intervening clause
less, overflowing, overmuch, prodigal, profuse, redun-
dant, remaining, remanent, residual, residuary, spare, su- SUPERVENE, verb arise, be subsequent, bechance, befall,
perabundant, supererogative, supererogatory, come to pass, crop up, ensue, eventuate, follow, happen,
supernumerary, supervacaneous, supervacaneus, superva- issue, occur, result, spring up, succeed, supervenire, take place
cuus, supplemental, surplus, uncalled-for, unessential, un-
necessary, useless, wasteful SUPERVISE, verb administer, care, caretake, check,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: superfluous lands command, conduct, control, direct, discipline, govern,
guide, handle, have charge of, lead, look after, manage,
SUPERFUND, noun environmental cleanup, federal pro- moderate, officiate, operate, oversee, pilot, preside, pre-
gram to restore environmentally unsound sites, fund to side over, regulate, rule, steer, watch over
reclaim the environment, mechanism to fund the environ- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: employer/employee, principal and
ment, reserve for environment contingencies agent
Generally: fund for repairs, reserves for removing wastes
SUPERVISION, noun administration, care, charge,
SUPERINTEND, verb administer, administrare, adminis- command, control, direction, government, gubernation,
trate, boss, caretake, command, control, direct, exercise guidance, inspection, jurisdiction, management, oversight,
charge over, exercise supervision over, govern, guide, procuratio, proctorage, regulation, steerage, stewardship,
handle, have charge of, head, instruct, keep in order, lead, superintendence, surveillance
look after, manage, overlook, oversee, pilot, praeesse, pro- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: direct supervision, general supervi-
curare, regulate, rule, see to, steer, supervise, watch sion, person in need of supervision, personal supervision,
right of supervision, supervision and control, supervisory
SUPERINTENDENT, noun administrator, agent, captain, powers
caretaker, chief, controller, curator, custodian, director, fore-
man, governor, guardian, intendant, leader, manager, mas- SUPERVISOR, noun administrator, boss, chairperson,
ter, monitor, overseer, praefectus, proctor, steward, super- chief, director, executive, head, leader, manager, man in
visor, taskmaster, warden charge, official, organizer, overseer, superintendent

SUPERIOR (Excellent), adjective above average, above SUPPLANT, verb abolish, act for, bring low, cashier,
par, better, choice, deluxe, distinguished, exceptional, finer, cause the downfall of, depose, deracinate, dethrone, dis-
first-rate, foremost, greater, high-class, high-grade, high- charge, dismiss, displace, drive away, drive out, eject,
quality, illustrious, incomparable, matchless, melior, noble, eradicate, expel, extirpate, fire, force out, oust, over-
nonpareil, peerless, praestantior, preferable, preferred, throw, overpower, remove, replace, retire, subrogate,
second to none, superexcellent, superlative, supreme, top- substitute, subvert, succeed, supersede, take over, take
ping, transcendent, unequaled, unexcelled, unparalleled, the place of, transfer, turn out, undermine, unseat, uproot,
unrivalled, unsurpassed upset, usurp

SUPERIOR (Higher), adjective chief, greater, more el- SUPPLEMENT, verb add, add to, amend, amplify, aug-
evated, of greater influence, of higher rank, paramount, ment, bolster, broaden, buttress, complement, contribute
senior to, enhance, enlarge, enrich, expand, fortify, improve, in-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: respondeat superior, superior court, crease, lengthen, magnify, reinforce, strengthen, subsidize,
superior force superadd, widen

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 SUPPLEMENTAL

SUPPLEMENTAL, adjective accompanying, additional, for, make legitimate, provide justification, say in defense,
additive, adjunct, adventitious, ancillary, appurtenant, at- stand up for, vindicate
tendant, augmentative, auxiliary, collateral, concomitant,
contributory, extra, extrinsic, incidental, nonessential, pen- SUPPORTER, noun adherent, advocate, apostle, ap-
dent, spare, submitted at a later time, subordinate, subsid- plauder, backer, believer, booster, champion, cohort, con-
iary, superfluous, supernumerary, supervenient, supple- tributor, encourager, espouser, expounder, financer, fol-
mentary, unessential, unnecessary lower, friend, loyalist, paladin, partisan, promoter,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: supplemental affidavit, supplemental proponent, stalwart, white knight
answer, supplemental claim, supplemental complaint, sup-
plemental condition, supplemental findings, supplemental SUPPORTING EVIDENCE, noun authenticating evi-
insurance, supplemental policy, supplemental procedure, dence, certification, confirmation, confirming documenta-
supplemental questions tion, confirming documents, confirming evidence, confirm-
ing means of proof, corroboration, evidence which bears
SUPPLEMENTARY, adjective accessory, additional, addi- out the truth, evidence which buttresses a case, evidence
tive, adjunct, adscititious, ancillary, attendant, augmentative, which strengthens a case, reinforcing evidence, substanti-
auxiliary, collateral, concomitant, extra, incidental, nones- ating proof, substantiation, validation, verification
sential, secondary, spare, subordinate, subsidiary, superve- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: circumstantial evidence
nient, supplemental, suppletive, suppletory, unessential
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: supplementary proceedings SUPPOSE, verb allude to, anticipate, assume, believe,
be of the opinion, calculate, conceive, conclude, conjecture,
SUPPLIER, noun caterer, chandler, commissary, contrac- consider, deduce, deduct, deem, estimate, expect, feel,
tor, furnisher, giver, merchant, provider, provisioner, pur- gather, gauge, generalize, guess, hint, hypothesize, imagine,
veyor, seller, steward, trader, victualer imply, infer, insinuate, intimate, judge, opine, posit, predi-
cate, presume, presuppose, propose, propound, reason,
SUPPLY, verb accommodate with, accouter, adminis- regard, speculate, surmise, suspect, take for granted, theo-
ter, afford, bestow, cater, contribute, deal out, deliver, rize, understand, view
distribute, endow, endue, equip, feed, fill up, fit out, fur-
nish, give, grant, invest, lavish, maintain, minister, min- SUPPOSITION, noun assumption, belief, conception,
istrare, oblige, outfit, present, provide, provision, purvey, coniectura, conjecture, guess, hypothesis, likelihood, likeli-
recruit, refill, render, replenish, satisfy, serve, stock, supped- ness, opinio, opinion, position, postulate, premise, pre-
itare, suppeditate, sustain, victual, yield sumption, probability, speculation, supposal, surmise, sus-
picion, theorem, theory, thesis
SUPPORT (Assistance), noun accommodation, adi- FOREIGN PHRASES: In claris non est locus conjecturis. In
umentum, aid, assist, assistance, auxilium, backing, com- matters which are obvious there is no room for conjecture.
fort, contribution, cooperation, defense, encouragement,
endowment, help, helping hand, lift, livelihood, mainstay, SUPPRESS, verb arrest, ban, burke, bury, cancel, censor,
maintenance, patronage, preservation, promotion, pro- check, choke, choke back, cloak, conceal, cover up, crush,
tection, relief, subsistence, succor, subsidium, sustenance, delete, end, exstinguere, extinguish, gag, hush up, inhibit,
upkeep keep back, keep down, keep out of sight, keep secret, mask,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: alimony, child support, failure to pro- muffle, obstruct, overcome, overpower, overthrow, over-
vide support, inadequate support, maintenance whelm, prevent, prohibit, quash, quell, quench, repress,
reprimere, restrain, screen, shroud, silence, smother, stifle,
SUPPORT (Corroboration), noun affirmation, approval, still, stop, strangle, subdue, supprimere, vanquish, veil
attestation, authentication, backing, certification, circum- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: motion to suppress evidence
stantiation, confirmation, documentation, endorsement,
fortification, justification, ratification, strengthening, sub- SUPPRESSION OF EVIDENCE, verb extinguishment,
stantiation, validation, verification, vindication judicial ban of evidence, prevention of the introduction of
evidence, prohibition of the use of evidence, quashing evi-
SUPPORT (Assist), verb accommodate, adesse, aid, back, dence, repressing evidence, restraining the use of evi-
bolster, champion, come to the defense of, come to the help dence, substantiation, that which furnishes proof, that
of, contribute, cooperate with, defend, endorse, facilitate, which tends to prove, validation, vanquish veil, verification
feed, finance, furnish funds, further, help, lend money to, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: exclusionary rule, Fifth Amendment,
maintain, minister to, nourish, patronize, promote, protect, Fourteenth Amendment, illegal search and seizure
provide for, reinforce, second, subsidize, suffragari, supply
the necessities of, sustain, take care of, take the part of, uphold SUPREMACY, noun ascendancy, authority, champion-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Parentum est liberos alere atiam nothos. ship, chieftaincy, command, control, direction, dominatio,
It is the duty of parents to support their children even when domination, dominion, governance, headship, highest posi-
illegitimate. tion, importance, influence, leadership, lordship, manage-
ment, masterdom, mastership, mastery, omnipotence, para-
SUPPORT (Corroborate), verb accredit, affirm, attest, mountcy, power, precedence, predominance, predominancy,
authenticate, back up, bear out, buttress, certify, circum- predomination, preeminence, primacy, principatus, regula-
stantiate, confirm, establish, make absolute, make good, tion, rule, scepter, sovereignty, superintendence, superiority,
make more certain, prove, ratify, reinforce, strengthen, supervision, supreme authority, supremeness, sway, tran-
substantiate, sustain, uphold in evidence, validate, verify, scendence, transcendency, triumph, upperhand, victory
vindicate, vouch for ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: Supremacy Clause

SUPPORT (Justify), verb account for, approve, defend, SUPREME, adjective absolute, best, chief, command-
defend successfully, explain, give grounds for, make defense ing, controlling, directing, first, foremost, greatest, highest,

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high-level, ideal, lead, main, major, officiating, overseeing, outrival, overcome, overpass, overpower, overthrow,
paramount, predominant, preeminent, premier, presiding, overturn, pass, prevail over, rise above, rout, scale, sub-
primary, prime, principal, regnant, reigning, ruling, senior, due, subjugate, surpass, top, transcend, triumph over,
supereminent, supervisory, top, ultimate upset, vanquish, vault

SURCHARGE, noun added charge, additional charge, SURPASS, verb antecellere, be greater, be superior,
excessive burden, excessive charge, extra charge, extra fee, beat, better, break the record, cap, come first, distance,
overassessment, overburden, overcharge, overload, penalty eclipse, exceed, excel, excellere, get ahead, go beyond, go
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: identifiable surcharge, surcharge for one better, have the upper hand, improve upon, leave be-
services hind, outmaneuver, outclass, outdo, outmatch, outnumber,
outplay, outrank, outrival, outrun, outshine, outstrip, out-
SURE, adjective assured, axiomatic, certain, clear, con- vie, outweigh, overshadow, pass, predominate, prevail,
fident, doubtless, positive, resolute, sanguine, self-assured, rank first, reach a new high, rise above, rival, supererogate,
self-conceited, self-confident, unfaltering, unhesitating, un- take precedence, top, tower over, transcend, triumph over
questioning, unwavering
SURPLUS, noun balance, bonus, excess, expletive,
SURETY (Certainty), noun absolute confidence, abso- glut, leavings, margin, nimiety, overabundance, overage,
luteness, affirmance, affirmation, aplomb, ascertainment, overflow, overmeasure, overplus, overrun, oversupply,
asseveration, assurance, assuredness, averment, avowal, redundance, redundancy, remainder, residue, residuum,
avowance, certain knowledge, certification, certitude, com- spare, superabundance, superfluity, superplus, supersat-
plete conviction, confirmation, contract, conviction, con- uration, surfeit, surplusage
vincement, declaration, definiteness, determination, ear- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accumulated surplus, distribution of
nest averment, earnest avowal, earnest declaration, surplus, surplus after sale, surplus goods, surplus income,
firmness, guaranty, hardihood, persuasion, positiveness, surplus of proceeds, transfer to surplus
pronouncement, reassurance, reliance on, self-assurance,
self-conviction, solemn averment, solemn avowal, solemn SURPLUSAGE, noun balance, continuing, extra, left,
declaration, sureness, unequivocalness, unmistakableness, leftover, over, spare, staying
unquestionableness, vow, warrant ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: no child left behind, remainder

SURETY (Guarantor), noun attester, backer, certifier, SURPRISE, noun admiratio, amazement, astonish-
confirmer, consignee, endorser, financer, indemnitor, in- ment, astoundment, bafflement, bewilderment, consterna-
surer, promisor, ratifier, signatory, signer, sponsor, sub- tion, lack of warning, miratio, shock, unexpected event,
scriber, supporter, underwriter, voucher, warrantor unexpected occurrence, unforeseen contingency, unfore-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: surety bond, surety company, surety seen event, unforeseen occurrence, unsuspected event,
insurance, surety of the peace unusual occurrence, wonder, wonderment
FOREIGN PHRASES: In veram quantitatem fidejussor tenea- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: take an opposing party by surprise
tur, nisi pro certa quantitate accessit. A surety should be
held for the true quantity, unless he agreed for a certain SURRENDER (Give back), verb abdicate, abjure, abne-
quantity. Natura fide jussionis sit strictissimi juris et gate, cede, disclaim, disown, forfeit, forgo, forsake, for-
non durat vel extendatur de re ad rem, de persona ad swear, hand over, let go, part with, reinstate, relinquish,
personam, de tempore ad tempus. The nature of a surety- render up, renounce, resign, restore, return, waive
ship is one of strictest law and cannot endure or be ex-
tended from one thing to another, from one person to an- SURRENDER (Yield), verb acquiesce, agree to, back
other, or from one time to another. down, be submissive, capitulate, concede, dedere, give in,
obey, relent, submit, succumb, tradere
SURFEIT, noun avalanche, deluge, excess, excessive
amount, fullness, glut, inundation, nimiety, overabundance, SURREPTITIOUS, adjective artful, clandestine, clande-
overdose, overflow, overfullness, overload, oversupply, stinus, concealed, conniving, covert, crafty, cunning, de-
plenty, profuseness, profusion, redundance, repletion, sa- ceitful, deceptive, delitescent, disguised, done by stealth,
tiation, satietas, satiety, satisfaction, saturation, superabun- evasive, faked, fraudulently introduced, furtive, furtivus,
dance, superfluity, supersaturation, surplus, surplusage guileful, hidden, indirect, insidious, lurking, mysterious,
obreptitious, private, secret, secretive, sneaky, stealthy,
SURGE, noun augmentation, billow, breaker, comber, subdolous, subtle, tricky, uncommunicative, undercover,
curl, deluge, flood, flow, forward movement, gain, ground- underground, underhand, undisclosed, unknown, unseen,
swell, growth, increase, intensification, inundation, mass, unspied, unsuspected, veiled, vulpine, wily
rise, roller, swell, upsurge, wave
SURROGATE, adjective acting, alternate, delegated,
SURMISE, verb apprehend, assume, augurari, be of the deputy, foster, imitation, makeshift, provisional, proxy,
opinion, believe, conceive, conclude, conjecture, count, pseudo, representative, simulated, stand-in, substitute,
deduce, deem, divine, esteem, fancy, feel, gather, guess, substitutional, vicarial, vicarious, vicarius
have an idea, hazard a guess, hypothesize, imagine, infer,
judge, opine, posit, predicate, presume, presuppose, re- SURROUND, verb band, circle, compass, embrace,
gard, speculate, suppose, suspect, suspicari, theorize, encircle, enclose, encompass, envelop
think, trow, understand, view, ween
SURVEILLANCE, noun care, charge, circumspection,
SURMOUNT, verb beat, clear, climb, command, con- examination, guard, heed, inspection, lookout, observa-
quer, crest, crown, defeat, dominate, exceed, excel, get tion, oversight, protection, scrutiny, stewardship, superin-
the better of, go beyond, master, outdo, outmaneuver, tendence, supervision, vigil, vigilance, watch, watchfulness

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SURVEY (Examine), verb analyze, appraise, consider, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: suspend a license, suspend a sentence,
considerare, contemplari, evaluate, inspect, keep an eye suspend an employee, suspend payment, suspend the
upon, keep watch, look at, observe, overlook, oversee, power of alienation, suspend the writ of habeas corpus
peruse, reconnoiter, review, scan, scrutinize, search, spect-
are, study, view, watch, weigh SUSPENSE, noun anticipation, apprehension, doldrums,
dormancy, dread, expectancy, expectation, foreboding,
SURVEY (Poll), verb canvass, compute, count, count hypnosis, impasse, inaction, indecision, inertness, latency,
ballots, count votes, enroll, enumerate, estimate, list, reg- misgiving, moratorium, motionlessness, pendency, pros-
ister, review, tabulate, take stock, test, total pect, quiescence, standstill, suspended admiration, waiting

SURVIVAL, noun being, continuance, continuation, SUSPENSION, noun deep freeze, discontinuance, dor-
continuation of life, durability, duration, endurance, exis- mancy, downtime, holding pattern, idleness, impasse, in-
tence, extension, life, maintenance, permanence, prolon- action, inertia, inertness, latency, layoff, moratorium, mo-
gation tionlessness, pause, quiescence, recess, recession,
remission, repose, rest, sleep, standstill, stop, stoppage,
SURVIVE, verb abide, be left, be spared, continue, en- suspended animation, suspense, torpor
dure, exist, last, live longer, live on, make a comeback, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: suspension pending discharge
outlast, outlive, persevere, persist, remain, result, subsist,
sustain, weather the storm SUSPICION (Mistrust), noun apprehension, cynicism,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: survival of a debt, survival of an action, disbelief, distrust, doubt, doubtfulness, dubiety, dubious-
survive a contract, surviving party, survivor statutes, survi- ness, fear, fearfulness, incredulity, lack of faith, lack of trust,
vorship misdoubt, misgiving, qualm, skepticism, suspiciousness,
trepidation, unbelief
SUSCEPTIBILITY, noun affectability, aptitude, bent, ca- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: suspicious circumstances, suspicious
pability of being affected, capacity for emotion, capacity for origin
receiving impressions, empathy, impressibility, impres- FOREIGN PHRASES: Dona clandestina sunt semper suspici-
sionability, inclination, leaning, penchant, proclivity, pro- osa. Clandestine gifts are always open to suspicion.
pensity, sensibility, sensitive feelings, sensitiveness, sensi-
tivity, tendency, tendency to be emotionally affected SUSPICION (Uncertainty), noun chance, conjecture,
doubtfulness, guess, hint, impression, incertitude, inconclu-
SUSCEPTIBLE (Responsive), adjective compassionate, siveness, inference, inkling, insecurity, intimation, notion,
easily affected, flexible, impressible, impressionable, influ- postulate, postulation, question, speculation, suggestion,
enceable, mollis, movable, persuadable, pliant, reactive, supposition, surmise, trace, unsureness
readily impressed, receptive, sensitive, susceptive, sway-
able, sympathetic SUSPICIOUS (Distrustful), adjective apprehensive, cau-
tious, concerned, disposed to doubt, doubting, dubious,
SUSCEPTIBLE (Unresistent), adjective exposed, help- fearful, hard to convince, hesitant, inconvincible, jealous,
less, in danger, liable, nonresistant, open, predisposed, re- leery, mistrustful, nervous, quizzical, skeptical, suspecting,
sistless, sensitive, undefended, unprotected, unsafe, vul- suspiciosus, untrustful, untrusting, untrustworthy, wary,
nerable, yielding watchful

SUSPECT, noun accused, accused person, alleged mal- SUSPICIOUS (Questionable), adjective abnormal,
feasor, alleged offender, alleged transgressor, alleged cryptic, doubtful, dubious, enigmatic, equivocal, farfetched,
wrongdoer, individual under suspicion, one suspected of a hard to believe, irregular, open to doubt, open to question,
crime, person accused of crime, presumed wrongdoer, peculiar, strange, suspect, unbelievable, uncertain, uncon-
suspected criminal vincing, unplausible, unworthy of belief
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: defendant ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: suspicious circumstances, suspicious
origin
SUSPECT (Distrust), verb be doubtful, be dubious, be
skeptical, be suspicious, disbelieve, doubt, feel distrust, SUSTAIN (Confirm), verb affirm, approve, assent to,
harbor suspicious, have no confidence in, lack confidence attest, authenticate, bear out, buttress, certify, circumstanti-
in, misdoubt, misgive, mistrust, question, without reli- ate, consent to, corroborate, defend, document, endorse,
ance in establish, evidence, justify, make firm, prove, ratify, rein-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: suspect of wrongdoing force, sanction, settle, strenghten, substantiate, support,
uphold, uphold in evidence, validate, verify, vindicate
SUSPECT (Think), verb assume, be of the opinion, be- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: sustain a lower court’s decision
lieve, conclude, conjecture, consider, deduce, deem, divine,
fancy, gather, guess, have the idea, hold, hypothesize, SUSTAIN (Prolong), verb attentuate, bolster, conserve,
imagine, infer, judge, opine, posit, presume, presuppose, continue, contribute to, elongate, extend, fortify, guard,
reckon, speculate, suppose, surmise, suspicari, suspicio- keep going, keep up, lengthen, maintain, nourish, perpetu-
nem habere, take for granted, theorize, understand, view ate, preserve, promote, protect, protract, reinforce, save,
spare, strengthen, stretch, sustentare, sustinere, uphold
SUSPEND, verb arrest, break off, bring to a standstill,
bring to a stop, cease, check, defer, delay, desist, differre, SUSTENANCE, noun aliment, alimentation, alimen-
discharge, discontinue, halt, hinder, hold in abeyance, in- tum, food, keep, living, maintenance, means of sustaining
terfere with, intermit, intermittere, interrupt, lay aside, lay life, necessities, nourishment, nutriment, nutrition, provi-
off, leave off, postpone, put off, remit, remove, shelve, sions, subsistence, supplies, support, sustentation, upkeep,
stall, stay, stop, table, temporize victuals, victus

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SWAY, noun authority, command, control, domain, symptom, token, trademark, visible sign
dominance, domination, dominion, force, governance, in- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS:
trademark
fluence, jurisdiction, leadership, power, predominance,
prestige, primacy, reign, rule, supremacy SYMBOLIC, adjective allegorical, characteristic, em-
blematic, example, explanatory, figural, figurative, indica-
SWAY (Persuade), verb actuate, coax, control, convert, tive, metaphoric, representational, representative, sugges-
convince, dominate, encourage, force, goad, govern, incline, tive, symbolical, typical
induce, influence, inspire, inveigle, manage, motivate, move,
predispose, predominate, prejudice, preside, pressure, pre- SYMPATHETIC, adjective affectionate, benevolent, be-
vail, prevail upon, prod, prompt, spur, stimulate, urge nignant, bighearted, caring, charitable, clement, commisera-
tive, compassionate, congenial, cordial, empathetic, em-
SWAY (Vacillate), verb falter, flounder, fluctuate, hesi- pathic, friendly, genial, good-natured, good-tempered,
tate, lean, oscillate, pulsate, seesaw, shift, shuffle, swing, gracious, humane, kind, kindhearted, kindly, largehearted,
undulate, veer, waffle, waver lenient, loving, magnanimous, merciful, pitying, responsive,
ruthful, sensitive, softhearted, tender, tenderhearted, toler-
SWEAR, verb adjure, affirm, allege under oath, assert as ant, understanding, warm, warmhearted, well-disposed
true, assure, authenticate, aver, avow, bear witness, bind
oneself by oath, certify, confirm, declare, declare solemnly, SYMPATHIZE, verb be compassionate, be moved, be
declare true, give a promise, give evidence, give one’s sorry for, be touched, be understanding, comfort, commis-
word, guarantee, iurare, iureiurando adfirmare, maintain erate, condole, congruere, console, eadem sentire, empa-
under oath, promise, put one’s trust in, state, state under thize, express sympathy, feel for, grieve with, have pity,
oath, utter an oath, vouch, vow identify with, lament with, misereri, mourn with, pity, share
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: false swearing, public swearing grief, share sorrow, show mercy, show tenderness, solace,
FOREIGN PHRASES: In judicio non creditur nisi juratis. In a soothe, understand
court of justice no one is given credence who is not sworn.
SYMPATHY, noun affinity, altruism, benevolence, be-
SWEARING-IN, noun documentation, enlistment, inau- nignity, charity, commiseration, compassion, condolence,
guration, induction, initiation, installation of an officer, in- feeling, generosity, goodwill, humaneness, humanitarian-
stallment, investiture of official responsibilities, oath, official ism, humanity, kindheartedness, kindness, largesse, mag-
ceremonies nanimity, mercy, philanthropy, pity, regard, regret, soft-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: inauguration, public officer, public ser- heartedness, tolerance
vice
SYMPTOM, noun alarm, augury, characteristic, clue,
SWINDLE, verb beguile, bilk, cheat, con, cozen, de- danger signal, diagnostic, evidence, evincement, feature,
ceive, defraud, dupe, house, misappropriate, scam, swin- forewarning, guide, index, indicant, indication, indicator,
dle, trick, victimize indice, indicium, intimation, manifestation, mark, means of
recognition, monition, monitor, notice, preindication, pre-
SWITCH, verb about-face, abrogate, alternate, change, monitor, premonitory sign, prognostic, sign, signal, token,
displace, hand over, interchange, oscillate, overturn, re- trait, warning, warning sign
peal, replace, rescind, revert, revoke, rock, shift, strike,
substitute, surrender, swap, sway, swing, trade, waver, SYNCHRONISM, noun accompaniment, accord, ae-
yield qualitas temporum, agreement, attunement, coexistence,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bait and switch coincidence, compatibility, concord, concurrence, confor-
mity, consistency, harmony, simultaneity, simultaneousness,
SWORN, verb adjured, affirmed, alleged under oath, as- unison
serted as true under oath, assured under oath, authenticated
under oath, averred, avowed, certified under oath, con- SYNDICATE, noun alliance, association, cartel, coali-
firmed under oath, declared solemnly, declared true under tion, combine, company, consortium, council, federation,
oath, declared under oath, given evidence under oath, main- guild, league, machine, merger, organization, partnership,
tained under oath, stated under oath, vowed, witnessed pool, ring, union
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: sworn enemy, sworn statements
SYNERGETIC, adjective coacting, coactive, collabora-
SWORN DECLARANT, noun affiant, author, compiler, tive, concurrent, concurring, co-operant, cooperative, co-
composer, declarant, drafter, party, scriptor, undersigned, working, in agreement, in concord
writer
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: accommodation endorser, accommo- SYNERGY, noun coaction, coincidence, collaboration,
dation maker, dying declaration combined action, combined effect, combined operation,
concert, concurrence, cooperation, cooperative action, joint
SYCOPHANT, noun acolyte, adherent, admirer, camp effect, synergism, united action
follower, company man, convert, devotee, disciple, enthu-
siast, fan, fawner, follower, groveler, idolator, partisan, SYNONYMOUS, noun alike, analogous, carbon-copy,
pawn, pupil, student, votary, worshipper, zealot coincident, compatible, convertible, correlative, correspon-
dent, corresponding, duplicate, equal, equal with, equiva-
SYMBOL, noun abbreviation, badge, clue, connotation, lent, identical, interchangeable, like, same, similar, substi-
cue, delineation, depiction, emblem, enactment, ensign, tute, synonymic, tantamount
exponent, gesture, image, index, indication, manifestation,
mark, model, notation, note, picture, portrayal, representa- SYNOPSIS, noun abridgment, abstract, brief, compend,
tion, seal, sign, signal, signification, signum, symbolum, compendium, condensation, conspectus, digest, epitome,

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 SYNTHETIC

minute, outline, recapitulation, review, summarium, sum- procedure, process, program, recipe, regime, regimen, regu-
mary, summation larity, routine, scheme, settled procedure, state of order,
strategy, technique, way
SYNTHETIC, adjective artificial, counterfeit, ersatz, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: commercial system, governmental
factitious, illegitimate, man-made, manufactured, mock, system, judicial system, legal system, retirement system
not genuine, not natural, pretended, pseudo, quasi, spuri-
ous, unnatural SYSTEMATIC, adjective according to rule, accuratus,
arranged, businesslike, classified, disciplined, exact, habit-
SYSTEM, noun arrangement, artificium, classification, ual, in order, methodical, ordered, orderly, organized,
design, formula, logical process, manner, means, method, precise, regular, regulated, routine, standardized, system-
mode of management, operation, order, orderliness, orderly atical, thorough, thoroughgoing, under control, uniform,
combination, organization, pattern, plan, policy, practice, well-ordered, well-organized, well-regulated

TABULATE, noun alphabetize, allocate, arrange, assign TACTICS, noun artifice, contrivance, course of action,
places to, catalog, chart, chronicle, codify, coordinate, devices, direction, evolution, expedients, intrigue, machi-
docket, enumerate, file, grade, graduate, group, index, in- nation, maneuvering, manipulation, manner, mode of
ventory, itemize, list, marshal, methodize, organize, rank, procedure, modus operandi, policy, politics, practice, pro-
register, sort, systematize cedure, process, scheme, stratagem, strategy, temporizing

TACIT, adjective allusive, assumed, connoted, implicit, TAINT (Contaminate), verb adulterate, alloy, befoul,
implied, indicated, inferential, inferred, not openly ex- besmirch, blemish, blight, contaminare, decay, defile, de-
pressed, silent, suggested, symbolized, tacitus, taken for grade, dirty, disease, envenom, foul, imbuere, infect, make
granted, undeclared, understood, unexpressed, unmen- noxious, make putrid, poison, pollute, putrefy, render im-
tioned, unpronounced, unsaid, unspoken, unstated, untold, pure, rot, soil, spoil, sully
unvoiced, wordless ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: tainted evidence
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: tacit approval, tacit consent
TAINT (Corrupt), verb cause to be dishonest, debase,
TACITURN, adjective brusque, close, closemouthed, debauch, defile, degenerate, demoralize, deprave, despoil,
curt, dumb, guarded, habitually silent, inarticulate, la- destroy the integrity of, lower morally, misuse, pervert,
conic, mum, mute, pauciloquent, quiet, reserved, re- suborn, tarnish, violate, vitiate
strained, reticent, secretive, silent, sparing of words,
TAINTED (Contaminated), adjective adulterated, be-
speechless, taciturnus, uncommunicative, ungarrulous,
fouled, blighted, defiled, dirtied, dirty, diseased, enven-
unloquacious, unsociable, untalkative, unvocal, with-
omed, foul, impaired, impure, infected, noxious, poisoned,
drawn
polluted, putrefied, putrid, rancid, rotten, smirched, soiled,
spoiled, stained, sullied, unclean
TACTIC, noun arrangement, blueprint, contrivance, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine,
design, device, expedient, formula, gambit, game plan, tainted evidence
ground plan, maneuver, means, method, plot, ploy, proj-
ect, ruse, scheme, stratagem, strategy, system TAINTED (Corrupted), adjective abandoned, criminal,
debased, debauched, degenerate, degraded, demoralized,
TACTICAL, adjective aimed, artful, astutus, blue- depraved, dishonest, dissolute, evil, immoral, low, per-
printed, calculated, cautus, considered, contrived, crafty, verted, profligate, reprobate, rotten, shameless, vicious,
cunning, deliberate, designed, devised, diplomatic, diplo- vitiated, warped, wicked
matical, engineered, intended, intriguing, knowing, ma-
neuvering, organized, planned, plotted, politic, prepared, TAKE (Acquire), verb adopt, attach, carry, derive, en-
prudens, purposed, purposeful, skillful, strategic, strategi- dure, excise, gain, get, impound, impress, obtain, pre-
cal, studied, systematized, weighed, well-planned, well- empt, procure, profit, reap, secure, sequester
thought-out ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: take effect, take over

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TAKE (Deceive), verb betray, cheat, cozen, defraud, TALENT, noun ability, adequacy, caliber, capability, ca-
dupe, fool, gull, lead astray, mislead, victimize pacity, competence, competency, creative thought, cre-
ativity, efficacy, efficiency, endowment, facility, faculty, fit-
TAKE (Seize), verb apprehend, appropriate, arrogate, ness, flair, forte, genius, gift, high caliber, inspiration, long
capture, confiscate, embezzle, extort, grab, hijack, im- suit, proficiency, qualification, strength, strong point,
pound, loot, pilfer, plunder, purloin, usurp strong suit, sufficiency, susceptibility
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: burglary, grand larceny, grand theft,
larceny, take a case from the jury, trespassing TALK, verb advise, answer, articulate, carry on a conver-
sation, comment on, communicate with, confer with, consult
TAKE (Understand), verb adopt, catch on, estimate, get with, debate, discuss, dissertate, exchange ideas, exchange
the meaning of, grasp the meaning, hold as, set down as views, express, have dialogue, have verbal intercourse with,
account as, take for, view as impart thoughts, inform, interview, make a speech, make a
statement, parley, recite, recount, relate, relate ideas, relay
TAKE ISSUE WITH, verb be against, be antagonistic to, ideas, say, speak with, state, utter
be antipathetic to, be at odds with, be contra to, be contrary ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: freedom of speech, wiretaps
to, be different to, be hostile to, be inimical to, be opposed
to, be repugnant to, challenge, clash, conflict with, contra- TALLY, noun account, accumulation, amount, analysis,
dict, oppose, render inopportune bottom line, calculation, census, count, evaluation, exami-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: take issue with the opportunity nation, gross, impact, number, reckon, recount, score, sum,
summation, total, upshot, whole
TAKE POSSESSION OF, verb accumulate, achieve, ac-
quire, appropriate, attain, capture, collect, earn, elicit, gain, TAMPER, verb alter, change, convert, corrupt, debase,
gain possession of, gather, get, harvest, obtain, possess, hinder, interfere, intermeddle, intervene, manipulate, meddle
procure, realize, receive, recover, secure, seize, take, take ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: tamper with a jury, tamper with evi-
over dence
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: devices and bequests under a will,
laws of intestacy TANGENTIAL, adjective akin, associated, attendant,
connected, correlated, dependent on, digressive, excursive,
TAKE PRECENDENCE, verb abrograte, control, lead extraneous, germane, incidental, interrelated, nonessential,
over, outrun, override, overstep, quash, replace, squash, pertinent, related, subordinate, tangent, touching
supersede, surpass, top, tower over, transcend, vanquish
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: appellate review TANGIBLE, adjective actual, certain, clear-cut, con-
crete, corporal, corporeal, definite, discernible by touch,
TAKE THE NECESSARY MEASURE, verb accomplish, embodied, evident, manifest, material, not elusive, not
achieve, act, attain, be instrumental, bring to fruition, con- vague, obvious, palpable, perceivable, perceptible, physi-
clude, decide, determine, discharge, effectuate, enforce, cal, plain, positive, real, solid, somatic, substantial, substan-
execute, find a method, find the means, find the way, fol- tive, tactile, tactual, touchable, tractabilis, verifiable, visible,
low through, fulfill, gain, gain results, get, obtain, perform, well-defined
produce, realize ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: tangible object, tangible property,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: attach, contempt, execution, filing a tangible value
judgment, filing an appeal, order of the court
TANTAMOUNT, adjective analogous, comparable,
TAKE OVER, verb arrogate, assume, command, seize, corresponding to, ditto, equal, equivalent, identical, paral-
take command, take charge, take possession, usurp lel, similar, synonymous

TAKEOVER, noun acquirement of a corporation, acqui- TARGET, noun aim, ambition, aspiration, butt, center,
sition, acquisition of a company, appropriation, assumption contemplation, design, desired object, destination, end,
of control over management, assumption of ownership, goal, hope, intention, mark, motive, object, objective, plan,
impropriation, obtainment, procurement, procurement of a point
business, purchase, transference
Generally: acquirement, assumption, attainment, obtain- TARIFF (Bill), noun account, itemized account, list, list
ment, possession, procuration, securement of items, money’s worth, quoted price, price list, scale of
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: corporate raider, corporate takeover, prices, table of charges
friendly takeover, hostile takeover, tender offer, white
knight TARIFF (Duties), noun assessment, duty, excise, im-
post, levy, schedule of duties, tax
TAKING, noun abduction, acceptio, acquisition, ademp-
tion, appropriation, capture, confiscation, deprivation, dis- TARNISH, verb asperse, befoul, blacken, blemish, blot,
possession, distraint, divestment, expropriation, foreclo- brand, cloud, contaminate, corrode, darken, deface, de-
sure, impoundage, impoundment, occupatio, preemption, fame, degrade, denigrate, desecrate, dim, dirty, discolor,
seizure, sequestration discredit, disgrace, dishonor, dull, fade, foul, inquinare, lose
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: attachment, eminent domain luster, maculate, pollute, shame, slander, slur, smear, smirch,
smudge, soil, spot, stain, stigmatize, sully, taint, vilify
TAKINGS CLAUSE, noun eminent domain, private ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: defamation
property taken by the government, requirement of just
compensation with government taking, taking of private TARTUFFISH, adjective affected, dissembling, false,
land for public use feigned, hypocritical, insincere, pious, pretended, puritani-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: Fifth Amendment cal, sanctimonious, two-faced

613
 TASK

TASK, noun act, activity, assigned work, assignment, occupational, professional, scientific, special, specialized,
burden, charge, chore, concern, duty, employment, en- specific, trained, vocational
deavor, engagement, enterprise, function, job, labor, mis-
sion, obligation, operation, practice, project, pursuit, role, TECHNICALITY, noun aspect, detail, distinctive fea-
specialty, trade, undertaking, venture, work ture, fact, feature, fine point, inessentiality, item, method,
minor point, minutiae, nuance, particular, particularity, pe-
TASTE, noun appetite, bias, choice, desire, discretion, culiarity, petty detail, point, precept, rule, singularity, spe-
fancy, favor, favoritism, fondness, like, option, palate, par- cial point, speciality, specific, specification, subtlety, techni-
tiality, preference, relish, selection, sensibility, style, use cal term, term, trifle, triviality

TAUNT, verb aggravate, bait, bully, deride, disparage, TECHNIQUE (Method), noun aptitude, art, deftness,
disturb, exasperate, gibe, grate, gripe, harass, hassle, haze, dexterity, endowment, execution, felicity, finesse, flair,
heckle, insult, mock, needle, nettle, peeve, perturb, pester, form, forte, genius for, gift, ingenuity, knack, know-how,
ride, ridicule, rile, ruffle, spite, trouble, vex mastery, proficiency, science, skillfulness, touch
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: crime of bullying, cyberbullying
TECHNIQUE (Technical skill), noun artistry, avenue,
TAUTOLOGY, noun battology, duplication, loquacity, bravura, discretion, expedient, facility, skill, technology,
pleonasm, profuseness, redundancy, repetition, superflu- virtuosity
ousness, surfeit, verbiage, verbosity
TECHNOLOGY, noun best technical knowledge, know-
TAWDRY, adjective baroque, bedizened, blatant, brum- how, latest scientific knowledge, scientific advancement,
magem, catchpenny, cheap, common, crass, crude, flashy, state of the art, state of the industry, updated scientific knowl-
garish, gaudy, glaring, glittering, inelegant, loud, meretri- edge
cious, ostentatious, pretentious, shoddy, showy, sleazy, Generally: application, development, latest products, mod-
tasteless, tinsel, vulgar ern science, science

TAX, noun assessment, capitation, charge, dues, duty, TEDIOUS, adjective boring, colorless, drab, dreary,
exaction, exactment, excise, imposition, impost, levy, pol- drudging, dull, jading, jejune, monotonous, numbing, pe-
lage, portorium, scot, tariff, taxation, tithe, toll, tribute, destrian, ponderous, prosaic, repetitious, slow, stale, tire-
vectigal some, tiring, uninteresting, wearisome, weary, wearying
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: action for taxes, ad valorem tax, ap-
portionment of taxes, back taxes, collection of taxes, cur- TELECOMMUNICATIONS, noun information ex-
rent tax, delinquent tax, direct tax, discriminatory tax, change, media, mode, phones, route, systems, telephone,
double taxation, estate tax, evasion of taxation, excess technology, telephones
profits tax, excessive tax, excise tax, federal estate tax, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: broadcasting laws, telecommunica-
federal taxes, franchise tax, general tax, graduated tax, in- tion laws
come tax, indirect tax, inheritance tax, land tax, levy a tax,
personal tax, power of taxation, power to tax, progressive TELL, verb acquaint, advise, annunciate, apprise, be-
tax, property tax, proportional tax, regulatory tax, retroac- tray, blurt out, come out with, communicate, confess,
tive tax, sales tax, tax anticipation note, tax assessor, tax constrain, convey, declare, depict, detail, direct, disclose,
deed, tax district, tax lien, tax roll, tax sale, tax title, tax distinguish, divulge, enumerate, enunciate, express, give
warrants, taxpayer, transfer tax, withholding taxes an account of, give vent to, have a strong effect, impart,
influence, inform, instruct, let on, make known, mention,
TAX (Levy), verb assess, collect, exact, lay a duty, require narrate, notify, order, proclaim, profess, pronounce, pub-
lish, recite, record, recount, register, relate, remark, report,
TAX (Overwork), verb burden, cumber, debilitate, de- reveal, signify, speak, talk, tell a story
plete, deprive of strength, disable, drain, encumber, en- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: Fifth Amendment Rights, informant
ervate, exact, fatigue, load, make excessive demands,
oppress, overexercise, overexert, overfatigue, overload, TEMERARIOUS, adjective adventuresome, audacious,
overstrain, overtire, overuse, push too far, require, saddle bold, careless, courageous, dare, daring, dashing, daunt-
with, strain, task, tire out, tyrannize, use hard, weaken, less, fearless, foolhardy, foolish, gutsy, hasty, headlong,
wear down, wear out, weary, weigh down heedless, hot-blooded, intrepid, lionhearted, madcap,
overbold, overconfident, precipitate, rash, reckless, un-
TEACH, verb advise, apprise, brief, catechize, daunted, venturesome, venturous
communicate, convey, counsel, demonstrate, direct, dis-
abuse, disseminate, edify, educate, elucidate, enlarge the TEMERITY, noun audacity, boldness, carelessness, dar-
mind, enlighten, explain, expound, give lessons to, guide, ing, effrontery, foolhardiness, foolishness, gall, hastiness,
imbue, impart, impart knowledge, implant, inculcate, indoc- heedlessness, impetuosity, improvidence, imprudence,
trinate, inform, instill, instruct, lecture, moralize, nurture, impudence, incautiousness, inconsiderateness, indiscre-
persuade, preach, school, sermonize, show, tell, train, tutor tion, injudiciousness, nerve, overconfidence, presumptu-
ousness, procacity, rashness, recklessness, rudeness,
TEASE, verb aggravate, bait, belittle, bully, deride, dis- shamelessness, temeritas, thoughtlessness, unthoughtful-
turb, exasperate, grate, gripe, harass, hassle, haze, heckle, ness, venturesomeness, want of caution
mock, needle, peeve, perturb, pester, pick at, ridicule, rile,
ruffle, spite, torment, trouble, vex TEMPERAMENT, noun aptitude, attitude, carriage,
character, composition, constitution, demeanor, disposi-
TECHNICAL, adjective abstruse, difficult to understand, tion, ethos, makeup, mentality, nature, patience, personal-
highly specialized, highly specific, industrial, mechanical, ity, qualities, structure, style, tendency, tenor, way

614
 TERGIVERSATE

TEMPERANCE, noun abnegation, abstemiousness, ab- TENANT, noun border, conductor, dweller, holder,
stention, abstinence, calmness, control, forbearance, frugal- householder, incola, inhabitant, inquilinus, landholder,
ity, indulgence, moderateness, moderatio, moderation, landowner, leaseholder, lessee, lodger, occupant, occu-
patience, prohibition, prudence, restraint, self-control, self- pier, one holding land of another, one occupying another’s
denial, self-restraint, soberness, sobriety, sparing use, tee- land, one occupying real property, one using real prop-
totalism, temperantia, temperateness, tolerance, toleration, erty, owner, paying guest, possessor, proprietor, rent
unexcessiveness payer, renter, resident
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: disorderly tenant, eviction, holdover
TEMPERATE, adjective controlled, disciplined, fair, tenant, joint tenant, life tenant, objectionable tenant, sub-
gentle, inhibited, judicious, level-headed, mild, moderate, tenant, tenant at sufferance, tenant at will, tenant by the
modest, normal, ordinary, rational, reasonable, regular, re- entirety, tenant for a fixed term, tenant from month to
strained, routine, self-controlled, sensible, typical, usual month, tenant in common, tenant pur autre vie

TEMPERED, adjective adapted, adjusted, altered, TENDENCY, noun aptitude, aptness, bearing, bent, bias,
changed, corrected, indurate, indurated, moderated, modi- character, direction, disposition, facility, gift, gravitation, id-
fied, recast, reconstructed, remolded, reshaped, revised, iosyncrasy, inclinatio, inclination, instinct, leaning, natural
transformed, treated disposition, nature, partiality, penchant, predisposition, prej-
udice, proclivitas, proclivity, proneness, propensity, slant,
TEMPESTUOUS, adjective angry, disgusted, enraged, susceptibility, temperament, trend, turn, twist, warp
frantic, frenzied, fuming, furious, hostile, inflamed, infuri-
ated, ireful, livid, offended, offensive, outraged, raging, TENDER, verb advance, deferre, deliver, extend, fur-
storming, tumultuous, turbulent nish, give, grant, hold out, issue, lay before, offer, pay,
present, present for payment, proffer, propose, put for-
TEMPORARY, adjective acting, ad tempus, brief, ward, render, submit, urge upon, volunteer
changeable, deciduous, elusive, ephemeral, evanescent, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: tender payment, tender performance
fleeting, fugacious, fugitive, impermanent, interim, limited, FOREIGN PHRASES: Reprobata pecunia liberat solventem.
makeshift, momentary, monohemerous, nondurable, pass- Money refused releases the debtor.
ing, perishable, provisional, shifting, short-lived, stopgap,
temporal, transient, transitional, transitive, transitory, unen- TENDER OFFER, noun broad offer, broad request to
during, unstable, volatile purchase, broad solicitation, collective offer, offer to pur-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: temporary restraining order chase a large number of shares, offer to purchase a large
number of stock shares, offer to purchase a significant num-
TEMPT, verb allure, bait, beguile, betray, bewitch, cap- ber of securities in a corporation, public offer, public offer to
tivate, catch, charm, decoy, draw in, enchant, enmesh, buy stock, takeover bid
ensnare, entice, entrap, fascinate, interest, lead on, magne-
tize, persuade, prompt, rope in, seduce, snow, solicit, wile TENOR, noun cast, character, content, course, cut, di-
rection, drift, exemplum, feeling, form, gist, idea, import,
TENABLE, adjective acceptable, befitting, believable, manner, meaning, mode, mood, nature, purport, sense,
capable of being maintained, defendable, defensible, de- sententia, significance, signification, spirit, stamp, subject
pendable, deserving, fitting, immune, imperdible, impreg- matter, tendency, tone, trend, vein
nable, inviolable, invulnerable, justifiable, legitimate, logical,
maintainable, plausible, proper, rational, reasonable, reli- TENSION, noun aggravation, anger, angst, annoyance,
able, strong, supportable, trustworthy, unassailable, unat- anxiety, apprehension, brooding, concern, conflict, dis-
tackable, unchallengeable, unquestionable, vindicable, war- tress, exasperation, fears, irritation, load, misfortune, strain,
rantable, well-founded, well-grounded stress, uneasiness, weight, worry

TENACIOUS, adjective adamant, assured, certain, ded- TENTATIVE, adjective cautious, conditional, contingent,
icated, determined, dogged, dogmatic, firm, indurate, in- dependent, experimental, exploratory, groping, interim, pro-
dustrious, insistent, intent, patient, persevering, pertina- bationary, probative, proposed, provisional, provisory, ques-
cious, positive, relentless, resolute, resolved, single-minded, tionable, speculative, temporary, trial, undecided, unsettled
steadfast, sure ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: tentative agreement

TENACITY, noun ability to pursue, adhesiveness, back- TENUOUS, adjective airy, attenuated, delicate, dimin-
bone, cohesiveness, constancy, courage, determination, dili- utive, fine, flimsy, illusory, inconsequential, infinitesimal,
gence, doggedness, endurance, firmness, grip, grit, immov- insignificant, little, miniature, minute, narrow, paltry, petty,
ability, indefatigability, intransigence, iron will, obduracy, scant, slender, slight, small, thin, tiny, trifling, trivial, unim-
obstinacy, perseverance, persistence, persistency, pertina- portant, unsubstantial
cia, pertinaciousness, pertinacity, recalcitrance, resoluteness,
resolution, stamina, steadfastness, strength, stubbornness, TENURE, noun duration, holding, occupancy, occupa-
tenaciousness, tenacitas, toughness, unyieldingness, will tion, period, possessio, possidere, regime, term
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: tenure in office
TENANCY, noun holding, holding by title, leasing, oc- FOREIGN PHRASES: Tenura est pactio contra communem
cupancy, occupation, ownership, possession, possessor- feudi naturam ac rationem, in contractu interposita.
ship, proprietorship, renting, residency, temporary posses- Tenure is a compact contrary to the common nature and
sion, tenure reason of the fee, put into a contract.
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: joint tenancy, month-to-month ten-
ancy, tenancy at sufferance, tenancy at will, tenancy by the TERGIVERSATE, verb apostatize, avoid, be uncertain,
entirety, tenancy for years, tenancy in common be unsure, change one’s mind, change sides, desert, dodge,

615
 TERM

equivocate, evade, hedge, quibble, recant, renege, re- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: terms of a contract, terms of a settle-
nounce, shift, straddle, turn renegade, use evasions, use ment
subterfuge, vacillate
TERRIBLE, adjective abhorrent, abominable, appalling,
TERM (Duration), noun age, course, era, incumbency, atrocious, contemptible, deplorable, despicable, detestable,
interval, lifetime, period, reign, season, session, span, spa- dreadful, foul, frightening, frightful, ghastly, grisly, grue-
tium temporis, spell, stage, tenancy, tenure, time some, heinous, hideous, horrendous, horrid, horrifying, ma-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: term for years, term insurance, term of cabre, monstrous, obnoxious, odious, offensive, outrageous,
a lease, term of confinement, term of court, term of office pathetic, pitiful, regrettable, repellent, reprehensible, repul-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Terminus annorum certus debet esse et sive, revolting, serious, severe, shameful, shocking, terrify-
determinatus. A term of years ought to be certain and ing, vile
determinate.
TERRIFIC, adjective celebrated, colossal, command-
TERM (Expression), noun appellation, appellative, cog- ing, distinguished, enormous, esteemed, exalted, excel-
nomen, denomination, designation, epithet, heading, lent, exceptional, expert, extraordinary, far-reaching, first-
idiom, locution, name, phrase, title, verbalism, verbum, rate, gigantic, glorious, grand, great, high-minded,
vocable, vocabulum, word illustrious, immense, incredible, incredible performances,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: definition of terms incredible results, leading, lofty, major, marvelous, mas-
sive, momentous, monstrous, notable, noted, outrageous,
TERM (Provision), noun agreement, arrangement, arti- outstanding, paramount, perfect, potent, powerful, pre-
cle of agreement, bargain, clause, condicio, condition, eminent, prime, profound, remarkable, renowned, skillful,
covenant, item, lex, limitation, particular, point, proviso, solid, splendid, strong, superior, supreme, vast, widely re-
qualification, specification, stipulation, understanding markable results, wonderful
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: terms and conditions of a contract,
terms of a policy, terms of payment, terms of sale TERROR (Panic), noun agitation, apprehension, con-
cern, consternation, cowardice, creeps, discomposure,
TERMINABLE, adjective capable of being bounded, ca- dismay, disquiet, faintheartedness, funk, hysteria, jitters,
pable of being completed, capable of being concluded, ca- nervousness, pang, perturbation, phobia, qualm, timidity,
pable of being conditioned, capable of being ended, capable timorousness, worry
of being fixed, capable of being limited, capable of being
made definite, conditional, defeasible, finite, limitable TERROR (Terrorism), noun agitation by terrorists, con-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: terminable at will, terminable fee, ter- centrated efforts to achieve anarchy, concentrated efforts to
minable interest, terminable trust, terminable upon a condi- subvert a society, concerted efforts to disrupt a govern-
tion subsequent ment, homeland security crimes, incendiary efforts, radi-
calism, revolution through fear and intimidation, subver-
TERMINALLY ILL, adjective incurable, in extremis, in sion, violence to obtain ideological goals
final stages, in terminus, near an end, seriously ill, termi-
nally diseased TERRORISM, noun acts by subversives, acts of annihi-
lation, criminal act, demolition, destruction, extermination,
TERMINATE, verb abolish, annul, bring to an end, bring fanaticism, revolution, terrorist act, tyranny
to completion, cancel, cease, close, come to an end, com-
plete, conclude, culminate, die, discontinue, drop, elimi- TERRORIST, noun abductor, active combatant in the
nate, end, expire, finish, fire from employment, halt, let go, foreign theater of conflict, anarchist, assailant, assassin, at-
put an end to, release, run out, stop, wind up tacker, combatant, demoniac force, destroyer, enemy alien,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: notice to terminate, terminate a con- enemy combatant, enemy force, enemy operation, faction
tract, terminate a lease, terminate an action, terminate an at war, fanatic, foreign assailant, foreign force, hostile force,
agreement, terminate employment insurgent, killer, mercenary, militant, murderer, opponent,
radical, rebel, revolutionary, revolutionist, revolutionizer,
TERMINATION, noun abatement, adjournment, cancel- savage, subversive force
lation, climax, close, completion, conclusion, confine, con- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: Department of Homeland Security,
sequence, consummation, culmination, denouement, des- enemy combatant, military tribunals, terrorist attacks, ter-
tination, discharge, discontinuance, effect, end, ending, rorist demands, terrorist groups, terrorist incidents, terrorist
end of the matter, end result, epilogue, expiration, extrem- networks, terrorist organizations
ity, finale, finality, finish, lapse, limit, outcome, pay-off, re-
sult, sequel, stoppage, terminal, upshot, windup TERRORIST ACTIVITY, verb anarchist’s act, assassin’s
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: termination of a contract, termination plot, criminal act, destroyer’s action, enemy deed, enemy
of employment, termination of parental rights pursuits, enemy undertakings, fanatical act, fanatical action,
foreign combatant’s efforts, insurgent’s acts, insurgent’s
TERMS (Provisions), noun conditions, contingencies, plans, operations of combatants, radical efforts, rebel cell’s
limitations, necessities, preconditions, prerequisites, provi- plot, revolutionary plot, subversive plans
sions, provisos, qualifications, requirements, reservations, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: enemy combatants, military tribu-
restrictions, specifics, stipulations, terms nals, terrorist cells, U.S. Patriot Act, weapons of mass
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: terms in a contract between parties destruction

TERMS (Settlement), noun acceptances, accords, agree- TERRORIST CELL, noun mutiny, outbreak, radical
ments, alliances, approvals, arrangements, bargains, com- hideaway, radical holding cell, radical insurrection, radical
pacts, contracts, covenants, deals, final arrangements, pacts, revolt, radical uprising, revolution, terrorist rising, terrorist
pledges, promises, settlement, understanding underground insurgency

616
 THESIS

TERRITORY, noun ager, area, beat, circuit, clime, de- deposition, direct examination, expert testimony, impeach-
mesne, district, division, domain, dominion, environs, ex- ment of testimony, incompetent testimony, involuntary
panse, field, land, latitude, locale, place, precinct, property, testimony, oral testimony, perjured testimony, preservation
province, quarter, realm, regio, region, scene, section, ter- of testimony, testimony under oath
rain, tract, zone
TEXTUALISM, noun a formalist statutory interpreta-
TEST, noun analysis, audit, check, checkup, effort, en- tion, adherence to text, construction, faithfulness to text,
deavor, examination, experience, experiment, exploration, interpretation based solely on the text, literalism, ordinary
inquest, inquiry, inquisition, inspection, interrogation, in- meaning, original meaning, plain meaning, theory of the
vestigation, observation, questioning, quiz, research, re- study of language
view, scrutiny, search, study, survey, trial, try, tryout ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: intentionalism, strict construction
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: blood test, clear and present danger
test, compelling state interest test, prudent man test, right THEFT, noun burglary, embezzlement, felonious taking,
from wrong test, substantial evidence test filchery, fraudulent taking, furtum, larceny, looting, misappro-
priation, peculation, pilferage, pilfering, purloining, purloin-
TESTAMENT, noun agreement, binding agreement, ment, robbery, stealing, swindling, thievery, wrongful taking
contract, covenant, engagement, expression of conviction, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: theft of services
formal declaration, legal will, promise, solemn agreement, FOREIGN PHRASES: Contrectatio rei alienae animo fu-
solemn promise, testamentary declaration, testamentary rando, est furtum. The touching or removing of another’s
decree, testamentum, will, writing property, with an intention of stealing, is theft.
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: codicil, last will and testament, testa-
mentary capacity, testamentary devise, testamentary trust THEN (Additionally), adverb again, also, besides, ei-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Omne testamentum morte consumma- ther, further, furthermore, in addition, likewise, moreover,
tum est. Every will or testament is consummated by death. then, then too, too, yet

TESTAMENTARY, adjective by way of a will, be- THEN (At that time), adverb at that juncture, at that
queathed by will, contained in a will, devised by will, dis- moment, at that point, at which point, before, formerly,
tributed by will, given by testament, hereditary, patrimo- previously
nial, set forth in a will, transferred by a legacy, transferred
by bequest, transferred by devise THEORETICAL, adjective abstract, academic, as-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: letters testamentary, testamentary as- sumed, conjectural, doctrina, doctrinaire, hypothetical,
sets, testamentary capacity, testamentary condition, testa- ideational, ideative, ideological, impractical, open to proof,
mentary devise, testamentary disposition, testamentary philosophical, postulated, postulatory, presumed, pre-
gifts, testamentary guardian, testamentary guardianship, sumptive, pure, ratio, speculative, speculatory, stated as a
testamentary instrument, testamentary intent, testamen- premise, supposable, suppositional, suppositive, unap-
tary inventory, testamentary power, testamentary succes- plied, unproved, unproven, unsubstantiated, visionary
sion, testamentary trust, testamentary trustee
THEORY, noun assumption, belief, conjecture, doctrina,
TESTATE, adjective having left a will, having written a doctrine, dogma, guesswork, hypothesis, ideology, opinion,
testament, relating to a will, with a valid will, with an exe- philosophy, postulate, presupposition, proposition, ratio,
cuted will speculation, supposition, surmise, thesis, thought, untested
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: intestate succession opinion, view
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: conflicts of law theory, contract the-
TESTIFY, verb acknowledge openly, affirm, affirm under ory, inconsistent theories, rescue theory, theory of the case
oath, allege, assert, asseverate, attest, aver, avow, be
sworn, bear witness, declare, depone, depose, establish, THERE, adverb at a distance, at that established place,
express, give evidence, give one’s word, indicate, make at that location, at that place, at that point, beyond, exactly
solemn declaration, profess, prove, show, state, state a at that place, exactly at that spot, in that place, in that re-
fact, state a truth, swear, take one’s oath, take the stand, spect, in that spot, in the distance, into that place, just there,
testari, testificari, verify not here, over there, precisely at that place, precisely at that
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: compulsion to testify, privilege against point, precisely at that spot, to or toward that point
self-incrimination, testify in one’s own defense, testify
under oath THEREBY, adverb by means of, by use of, by virtue of,
in consequence of, per, through, through the medium of,
TESTILYING, noun dishonesty by the police, fabrication whereby, with the aid of
of evidence, fabrication of evidence by the police, false
testimony, in-court deception by a police officer, law en- THEREAFTER, adverb after, afterwards, at a later pe-
forcer’s perjury, police perjury, trumping up testimony by riod, from that time, later, next, since, subsequently
the police, untruthful testimony
THERETOFORE, adverb before, earlier, formerly, here-
TESTIMONY, noun affidavit, affirmation, assertion, as- tofore, previous to, prior to
severation, attestation, averment, avowal, declaration,
declaration of facts, deposition, disclosure, evidence, evi- THESIS, noun affirmation, argument, belief, claim,
dence by a competent witness, evidence in support of, conjecture, debatable issue, debatable point, doctrine,
expression, profession, proof, proof by a witness, revela- dogma, hypothesis, issue, moot point, position, postulate,
tion, statement, statement of facts, testimonium postulation, premise, principle, problem, proposition,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: circumstantial testimony, compelled question, speculation, stand, subject, supposition, tenet,
testimony, corroborative testimony, cross-examination, theme, theory, topic, tract

617
 THIEF

THIEF, noun bandit, contrabandist, criminal, defalcator, imminence, impendence, impendency, insecurity, intimi-
defaulter, defrauder, depredator, embezzler, lawbreaker, dation, jeopardy, menace, minae, omen, peril, portent,
lifter, marauder, outlaw, peculator, pilferer, pillager, pirate, presage, risk, sign, warning
purloiner, robber, stealer, swindler ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: coercion
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: burglary, larceny, robbery FOREIGN PHRASES: Non videtur consensum retinuisse si
quis ex praescripto minantis aliquid immutavit. He
THINK, verb anticipate, apprehend, believe, be of the does not appear to have retained consent who has changed
opinion, cerebrate, cogitate, compass, conceive, conclude, anything at the command of a threatening party.
consider, contemplate, contrive, deduce, deduct, deem,
deliberate, determine, digest, dwell intently upon, envis- THREATEN, verb admonish, augur, be near at hand,
age, envision, exercise the mind, expect, form ideas, guess, blackmail, bode, browbeat, coerce, comminari, comminate,
have the idea, hypothesize, ideate, imagine, intellectualize, forebode, foreshadow, forewarn, frighten, fulminate, hector,
judge, mean, meditate, mentalize, mull over, opine, phi- intimidate, menace, portend, presage, terrorize, use threats
losophize, picture, plan, plot, ponder, presume, presup-
pose, propose, rationalize, reason, recall, reckon, recollect, THRESHOLD (Commencement), noun beginning, fore-
reflect, reminisce, ruminate, speculate, surmise, theorize word, inception, onset, outbreak, overture, preamble,
prelude, prologue, start
THINKING, noun axioms, belief, conviction, credo, doc-
trine, dogma, gospel, ideology, manifesto, opinion, phi- THRESHOLD (Entrance), noun door, entrance way,
losophy, rationale, tenets, theory entry, gateway, sill

THOROUGH, adjective absolute, accurate, all-inclusive, THRESHOLD (Verge), noun brink, edge
assiduous, careful, complete, comprehensive, consum- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: monetary threshold
mate, definitive, detailed, diligent, downright, entire, ex-
haustive, extensive, full, fully executed, inclusive, intensive, THRILL, noun arousal, charge, contentment, ecstasy,
meticulous, painstaking, perfect, plenary, sheer, sound, enchantment, excitement, exciting feeling, exhilaration,
sweeping, systematic, thoroughgoing, total, trustworthy, feeling of excitement, frisson, intoxication, jolt, joy, magical
unabridged, uncompromising, unmitigated, unqualified, feeling, palpitation, passion, pleasure, shock, surprise, titil-
utter, zealous lation

THOUGHT (Concept), noun belief, conception, credo, THROUGH, adjective completed, concluded, decided,
creed, hint, idea, insight, notion, opinion, perspective, done, done with, ended, finished, set at rest, settled, ter-
point, proposal, rationale, suggestion, tenet, view minated

THOUGHT (Concern), noun attentiveness, care, impres- THROUGH (By means of), adverb by means of, by the
sion, philosophy, reaction, regard, sentiment, solicitous- hand of, by way of, using, using the help of
ness, thoughtfulness
THROUGH (From beginning to end), adverb all along,
THOUGHT (Thinking), noun absorption, abstraction, ap- all the way, by way of, via
plication, apprehension, association of ideas, belief, brain-
work, cerebration, cogitation, concept, conception, con- THROUGH (Until now), adverb to this day
sciousness, consideration, contemplation, deliberation,
fancy, introversion, meditation, mental process, percep- THROUGHOUT (All over), adverb all over, every bit,
tion, perspective, ratiocination, reason, recollection, reflec- extensively, from beginning to end, from first to last, from
tion, remark, retrospection, reverie, rumination, self- the ground up, from the word go, inside and out, over all,
communing, speculation, study, suggestion, theory, view to the end

THOUGHTLESS, adjective absent-minded, abstracted, THROUGHOUT (During), adverb for the duration, for
blank, blockish, careless, casual, dazed, disregardful, dis- the period of, in the course of, until the conclusion of
tracted, distrait, dull, flighty, foolhardy, giddy, hare-
brained, headlong, heedless, ill-advised, improvident, THRUST, noun accent, accentuation, centered theme,
imprudens, imprudent, impulsive, inadvertent, inane, in- concentration, emphasis, focus, jist, stress, underscoring,
attentive, incogitant, inconsiderate, inconsultus, indeli- weight
cate, indifferent, indiscreet, insensate, irrational, irrespon- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: thrust of a memorandum of law,
sible, neglectful, neglegens, negligent, precipitate, rash, thrust of an argument
reckless, regardless, remiss, scatterbrained, selfish, stu-
pid, tactless, unaccommodating, unconcerned, unmindful, THUS, adverb accordingly, all together, coincidentally,
unobliging, unobservant, unreasoning, unreflecting, unre- concomitantly, conjointly, consequently, contemporane-
flective, unthinking, unthoughtful, unwatchful, vacant, ously, in conclusion, moreover, then too
vacuous, without consideration
THWART, verb avert, baffle, balk, bar, blight, bring to
THRALL, noun bondage, captivity, confinement, cus- naught, check, contravene, counteract, countermine, coun-
tody, durance, enslavement, enthrallment, helotry, oppres- terwork, cripple, cross, damp, debar, defeat, foil, forestall,
sion, servitude, servitus, slavery, subjection, subjugation, frustrate, hamper, hinder, impede, inhibit, intercept, inter-
submission, thralldom, tyranny, vassalage, yoke fere, interrupt, nip, obstruct, oppose, outmaneuver, over-
ride, preclude, prevent, restrain, retard, ruin, spoil, stave
THREAT, noun alarm, augury, auspice, commination, off, stifle, stop, stultify, stymie, traverse, turn aside, under-
danger, denuntiatio, foreboding, fulmination, hazard, mine, ward off

618
 TOP-NOTCH

TIDE TURNING, verb about-face, adoption, after- prescription, title insurance, title search, title to property,
thoughts, backsliding, change like a chameleon, change of unmarketable title, warranty of title, worthier title
heart, change of mind, conversion, defection, divergence, FOREIGN PHRASES: Praescriptio est titulus ex usu et tem-
diversion, dramatically opposed stance, flip-flop, 180-de- pore substantiam capiens ab auctoritate legis.
gree about-face, qualification, realignment, regression, re- Prescription is a title by authority of law, deriving its force
structuring, reversal, reversion, temporizer, tergiversation, from use and time. A piratis et latronibus capta domi-
turnabout num non mutant. Things captured by pirates and robbers
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: flip-flop on a political stance do not change title.

TIES, noun adherences, adhesions, attachments, bands, TOGETHER, adverb along with, altogether, coinciden-
bonds, chains, commitments, connections, engagements, tally, coincidently, collectively, concertedly, concomitantly,
interconnections, knots, liaisons, links, pledges, unions, vin- concurrently, conjoined, conjointly, contemporaneously,
cula inclusively, jointly, overall, simultaneously

TIME, noun age, chronology, duration, end of the mat- TOKEN, noun augury, auspice, chip, device, emblem,
ter, era, extent, interlude, interim, interval, period, tenancy, evidence, expression, favor, figurehead, indicant, indicator,
tenure, term keepsake, manifestation, memento, omen, portent, proof,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: time being of the essence, time certifi- relic, remembrance, sign, souvenir, symbol
cate, time deposit, time fixed by agreement, time of ab-
sence, time of adjudication, time of bankruptcy, time of TOLERANCE, noun abiding, ability to bear, ability to
injury, time of memory, time option, time policy, time stud- endure, ability to tolerate, ability to withstand, allowance,
ies, timetables bravery, broad-mindedness, capacity to endure, capacity
to stand suffering, capacity to take pain, charter, compassion,
TIMELINESS, noun appropriateness, aptness, auspi- constancy, courage, durability, endurance, fortitude, fran-
ciousness, climacteric, compliance, convenient time, felici- chise, freedom, freedom from bigotry, freedom from preju-
tousness, fitness, matureness, opportuneness, proper time, dice, good will, humanity, immunity, immunization, impu-
seasonableness, suitability, suitable time, time, within ap- nity, indulgence, indulgentia, lack of bias, liberality, license,
propriate time provided patience, perseverance, persistence, resignation, stamina,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: laches, notice, statute of limitations stoicism, strength, submission, sufferance, sustainment,
sympathy, tolerantia, toleration, understanding
TIP (Clue), noun advice, aviso, communication, confi-
dential information, cue, enlightenment, forewarning, TOLERATE, verb abide, accept, acquiesce, allow, be
guidance, head, hint, indication, inside information, insinu- lenient, bear, bear with, brook, carry on, consent, endure,
ation, instruction, intimation, key, lead, mention, point, forbear, indulge, make the best of, oblige, permit, put up
pointer, prenotification, recommendation, report, sugges- with, receive, sanction, stand, stomach, submit to, suffer,
tion, warning, whisper swallow, take patiently, tolerare, undergo

TIP (Gratuity), noun award, benefaction, bestowment, TOLL (Effect), noun casualties, consequence, cost,
bonus, compensation, consideration, contribution, dona- damage, distress, effect, exaction, forfeit, grievous price,
tion, donative, gift, guerdon, meed, offering, payment, loss, payment, result, ruinous price, setback, suffering
perquisite, reward
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: unreported income TOLL (Tax), noun assessment, charge, exaction, excise,
fare, fee, impost, levy, payment, portorium, tithe, vectigal
TITLE (Designation), noun appellation, caption, de- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: collection of tolls, toll bridges, toll
nomination, heading, inscription, label, name, rubric, sign, roads
signification, superscription, tag
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: title of statute TOLL (Exact payment), verb collect payment, exact
tribute, extort, levy, raise taxes, tax
TITLE (Division), noun article, branch, chapter, clause,
item, paragraph, part, portion, provision, section, statement, TOLL (Stop), verb arrest, block, check, cut off, embar,
term estop, frustrate, halt, hinder, hold back, impede, inhibit,
interrupt, limit, obstruct, put a stop to, restrain, restrict,
TITLE (Position), noun employment, office, post, rank, stay, suspend, thwart
situation, station, status ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: toll a statute of limitations

TITLE (Right), noun authority, authorization, claim, TONE DEAF, idiom absentminded, clueless, deaf,
deed, domain, droit, entitlement, equity, interest, legal heedless, inattentive, incognizant, inconscient, insensible,
title, ownership, permission, possession, power, preroga- oblivious, stubborn, unaware, undiscerning, uninformed,
tive, prescription, proprietorship, right, sanction, stake, unknowing, unmindful, untrained, unwitting
tenure, vested interest
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: absolute title, abstract of title, acquisi- TOOL, noun agent, apparatus, channel, contrivance,
tion of title, apparent title, chain of title, claim of title, clear device, implement, instrument, machine, means, mecha-
title, cloud on title, color of title, defeasible title, disparage- nism, medium, recourse, resource, utensil, vehicle
ment of title, documents of title, equitable title, failure of
title, good title, imperfect title, marketable title, merchant- TOP-NOTCH, adjective apical, best, capital, chief,
able title, nominal title, paramount title, perfection of title, critical, crowning, crucial, crying, deep, desperate, earnest,
prima facie title, quieting title, reservation of title, superior essential, far-reaching, forcible, gravest, head, heavy, high-
title, title by adverse possession, title by deeds, title by est, intense, intensified, maximal, maximum, momentous,

619
 TORMENT

most, of great force, of great number, overmost, para- TOTAL, adjective absolute, aggregate, all, complete,
mount, potent, preeminent, pressing, principal, serious, downright, entire, full, global, gross, inclusive, integral,
sharp, strong, superlative, supreme, telling, tiptop, top, omnis, outright, radical, thorough, thoroughgoing, totus,
topmost, urgent, vigorous, violent, vital, weighty, zenithal undivided, universal, universus, unqualified, utter, whole,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: highest degree of care, highest proved with no exception, without omission
value
TOTALITY, noun aggregate, aggregation, allness, col-
TORMENT, noun abomination, acute distress, affliction, lectivity, completeness, comprehensiveness, entireness,
agony, angst, anguish, annoyance, bane, constant anxiety, entirety, entity, everything, gross, integration, lump, mass,
convulsion, despair, distress, extreme pain, harassment, sum, totalness, unity, whole
infliction, misery, oppression, pain, pique, scourge, torture, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: totality of the circumstances
vexation
TOUGH (Difficult), adjective arduous, bothersome,
TORMENT, verb abuse, anguish, annoy, badger, bait, burdensome, complex, complicated, convoluted, difficult,
beset, besiege, chafe, crucify, discompose, distress, endan- enigmatic, entangled, grueling, hard, hard to deal with,
ger, excruciate, harass, harrow, harry, haze, hector, ill-use, hard to manage, hard to understand, impenetrable, incom-
inflict, irritate, lacerate, maltreat, mistreat, molest, needle, prehensible, insoluble, insurmountable, intractable, in-
nettle, obsess, persecute, pester, plague, press, provoke, volved, involving obstacles, labored, laborious, mettle-
rile, taunt, tease, treat maliciously, trouble, vex some, painstaking, perplexing, problematic, puzzling,
troublesome, unachievable, unapproachable
TORPID, adjective apathetic, benumbed, comatose,
dead, disinterested, dormant, drowsy, dull, heavy, idle, TOUGH (Durable), adjective built to last, enduring,
impervious, inactive, inanimate, indifferent, indolent, iners, fortified, lasting, long-lasting, reinforced, rugged, solid,
inert, inexcitable, insensate, insensible, languid, languor- sound, stable, steady, strong, sturdy, well-built, well-con-
ous, lazy, leaden, lentus, lethargic, lifeless, listless, motion- structed, well-established, well-made
less, numb, otiose, passive, phlegmatic, sedentary, sleepy,
slow, sluggish, somnolent, spiritless, stagnant, static, stu- TOUGH (Strong), adjective firm, hard, hard to deal
pefied, stuperous, stupid, supine, torpescent, torporific, with, hard to manage, impenetrable, intractable, intransi-
unconcerned, unconscious, unfeeling gent, obdurate, obstinate, perplexing, resolute, rugged,
strenuous, tenacious, too hard, troublesome
TORT, noun breach of legal duty, civil wrong, derelic- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: tough laws
tion of duty, error, fault, invasion of a legal right, legal
wrong, malfeasance, misdeed, misdoing, misfeasance, TOXIC, adjective damaging, deadly, deleterious, fatal,
negligent act, personal wrong, private wrong, transgres- festering, harmful, injurious, insalubrious, lethal, malign,
sion, violation of a legal duty, wrong, wrongdoing, noxious, pestilent, pernicious, poisonous, purulent, risky,
wrongful act unsafe, venomous, virulent
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: action founded in tort, comparative ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: toxic chemicals, toxic dementia, toxic
negligence, continuing tort, contributory negligence, fore- ingredients, toxic psychosis, toxic torts
seeable consequences, intentional tort, prima facie tort,
proximate cause, standard of care, strict liability in tort, TOXIC TORT, noun
successive torts, tort feasor, tortious act, tortious conduct Generally: lethal wrongdoing, noxious injury, poison
Specifically: asbestos poisoning, environmental poisoning
TORTIOUS ACT, noun actionable act, criminal act, felo- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: asbestos, electromagnetic fields, lead
nious act, illegitimate act, improper act, incorrect act, nefari- paint, lead poisoning, radon
ous act, punishable act, triable act, unlawful act, wrongful act
TRACE (Delineate), verb copy, define, describe, designare,
TORTIOUS INTERFERENCE, noun encouraging a breach, detail, draw, duplicate, explain, go over, mark out, repro-
infringing on another’s agreement, interceding, interfering duce, set forth, sketch
with contract, interfering with contractual commitments,
interfering with contractual obligation, interfering with con- TRACE (Follow), verb chase, detect, ensue, ferret out,
tractual rights, intermeddling, intermeddling with busi- hound, hunt out, inquire, investigare, investigate, odorari,
ness activities, obstruction, work against anothers contrac- probe, pursue, scent, search, seek, shadow, track, track
tual relationship, wrongful interference with business down, trail, unearth
relationships, wrongful interference with contractual rela-
tionships TRACTABLE, adjective acquiescent, adaptable, ame-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: employment law nable, bendable, compliant, conformable, controllable,
docile, docilis, ductile, easily lead, easily managed, easily
TORTUOUS (Bending), adjective anfractuous, circuitous, taught, easygoing, elastic, facile, facilis, flexible, flexile,
complicated, conniving, contorted, convoluted, curved, cur- formable, governable, guidable, impressionable, leadable,
vilinear, indirect, involved, irregular, labyrinthine, mazy, me- malleable, manageable, obedient, plastic, pliable, pliant,
andering, roundabout, serpentine, sinuate, sinuated, sinu- readily wrought, submissive, teachable, tractabilis, tractile,
ous, snakelike, torsional, tortile, turning, twisted, twisting, willing, yielding
undulatory, vermicular, vermiculate, vermiculated, winding,
wreathed, zigzag TRADE (Commerce), noun barter, business, business af-
fairs, business intercourse, buying and selling, commercial
TORTUOUS (Corrupt), adjective crafty, crooked, deceit- enterprise, deal, exchange, exchange of commodities, inter-
ful, devious, dishonest, dishonorable, disingenuous, fraudu- change, marketing, mercantile business, mercantile rela-
lent, immoral, knavish, perfidious, treacherous, unscrupulous tions, mercatus, merchandising, merchantry, negotiation,

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 TRANSGRESSOR

nundination, open market, patronage, purchase, sale, sales, with, discharge, do business, execute, fulfill, gerere, make
swap, traffic, transaction, truck terms, manage, negotiate, operate, perform, proceed with,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: combination in restraint of trade, haz- put into practice, render, transigere
ardous trade, in the ordinary course of trade or business, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: transact business
restraint of trade, stock in trade, unfair trade
TRANSACTION, noun accomplishment, achievement,
TRADE (Occupation), noun ars, assignment, avocation, act, action, activity, administration, adventure, affair, busi-
berth, business, calling, concern, craft, duty, employment, ness, commission, completion, consummation, deal, deal-
engagement, function, handicraft, job, line, line of work, ing, deed, direction, effectuation, enactment, enterprise,
livelihood, living, metier, office, position, post, practice, execution, exercise, exploit, management, measure, nego-
profession, pursuit, situation, specialty, task, vocation tiation, negotium, operation, performance, proceeding,
process, purchase, sale, undertaking
TRADE, verb bargain, barter, buy, buy and sell, carry on ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: arm’s-length transaction, transacting
commerce, chaffer, commercari, deal, do business, drive a business, transactional immunity
bargain, exchange, huckster, interchange, mercaturam, FOREIGN PHRASES: Res inter alios judicatae nullum aliis
merchandise, negotiate, purchase, scorse, sell, shop, traffic, praejudicium faciunt. Transactions between strangers
transact ought not to injure those who are not parties to them.
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: combination in restraint of trade, trade
acceptance, trade in interstate commerce TRANSCEND, verb be better, be superior, best, better,
eclipse, exceed, excel, excellere, exsuperare, go beyond,
TRADE SECRET, noun knowledge which provides supe- outdistance, outdo, outrank, outrival, outshine, outstrip,
riority, protected design used by a business, protected for- outvie, outweigh, overpass, overshadow, overstep, over-
mula used by a business, protected information used by a top, pass, predominate, prevail, rise above, rival, sur-
business, protected instrument used by a business, pro- mount, surpass, take precedence, top, tower above
tected knowledge which provides an edge, protected pat-
tern used by a business, protected practice used by a busi- TRANSCRIPT, noun apograph, copy, exemplar, exem-
ness, protected special knowledge, protected unique plum, facsimile, minutes, record, recording, reprint, repro-
knowledge duction, rescript, stenographic copy, transcription, written
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: database rights, fair use, mask work, copy
plant breeders’ rights ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: stenographic transcript, transcript of
proceedings, transcript on appeal, trial transcript
TRADEMARK, noun badge, brand, countermark, coun-
tersign, hallmark, identification, imprint, label, mark, signet, TRANSFER, verb assign, bequeath, bestow, carry, con-
symbol, ticket, trade sign fer, consign, deed, deliver, deliver over, demise, devolve,
forward, grant, hand on, pass, pass on, remove, send, shift,
TRADITIONAL, adjective accepted, acknowledged, traducere, transferre, transmit, transmittere, transport
ancestral, classic, classical, common, confirmed, conform- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: transfer an interest
able, consuetudinal, consuetudinary, conventional,
customary, established, fixed, habitual, handed down, TRANSFEREE, noun acceptor, allottee, assignee, ben-
historic, historical, ingrained, inherited, inveterate, long eficiary, consignee, devisee, donee, grantee, heir, inheritor,
established, long-standing, old, orthodox, prescribed, pre- legatee, licensee, payee, recipient, successor, trustee
scriptive, regular, rooted, sanctioned, time-honored, tradi-
tionary, traditive TRANSFEROR, noun allotter, assignor, consignor, devi-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: custom and usage, past practices, prior sor, donor, grantor, lessor, licensor, payor
conduct between the parties
TRANSFORM, verb adjust, alter, change, commute, con-
TRAGEDY, noun accident, adversity, affliction, bale, vert, denature, do over, make over, metamorphose, modify,
blow, calamity, casualty, cataclysm, catastrophe, disaster, mutate, recast, recondition, reconstruct, reconvert, redo, re-
doom, dreadful event, fatal affair, hardship, misadventure, form, regenerate, remake, remodel, remold, render different,
misfortune, mishap, reverse, sorrow, tragoedia, woe renovate, reorganize, restyle, revamp, revise, revolutionize,
shift, substitute, switch, tailor, transfigure, translate, trans-
TRAIT, noun attribute, characteristic, detail, differentia, mogrify, transmute, transshape, transubstantiate, turn, vary
distinguished quality, feature, habit, idiosyncrasy, individu-
alism, item, lineament, manner, mannerism, mark, nature, TRANSGRESSION, noun abuse, breach, contraven-
oddity, particularity, peculiarity, property, proprietas, qual- tion, crime, delictum, delinquency, dereliction, disobedi-
ity, singularity, specialty, temperament ence, encroachment, error, fault, guilty act, illegal action,
illegality, infraction, infringement, iniquity, misbehavior,
TRAMMEL, verb bind, bridle, check, clog, confine, misconduct, misdeed, misdoing, misfeasance, noncompli-
constrain, control, cramp, cumber, curb, debar, discom- ance, nonobservance, offense, peccatum, sin, slip, transcur-
mode, enchain, encumber, entangle, entrammel, fasten, sion, trespass, violation, wrong, wrongdoing
fetter, frustrate, hamper, handicap, hinder, hobble, hold FOREIGN PHRASES: Frustra legis auxilium quaerit qui in
back, impede, incommode, inconvenience, keep within legem committit. He vainly seeks the aid of the law who
bounds, manacle, obstruct, oppose, pinion, put in irons, transgresses the law.
repress, restrain, restrict, retard, shackle, suppress, tether,
thwart, tie, tie up TRANSGRESSOR, noun criminal, degenerate, delin-
quent, lawbreaker, malefactor, malfeasant, miscreant, of-
TRANSACT, verb accomplish, achieve, carry on, carry fender, profligate, recreant, reprobate, violator, wrongdoer
on business, carry out, conduct, consummate, deal, deal ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: target of an investigation

621
 TRANSIENT

TRANSIENT, adjective brevis, brief, caducous, decidu- TRAVERSE, verb course, crisscross, cross, cross in op-
ous, elusive, ephemeral, ephemerous, evanescent, fading, position, cross in traveling, cut across, ford, go across, in-
fleeting, fluxus, fugacious, fugax, fugitive, hasty, imperma- tersect, march, over pass, pass, pass from point to point,
nent, inconstant, interim, meteoric, migratory, momentary, pass through, patrol, probe, survey carefully, tramp, travel
passing, perishable, provisional, provisory, roaming, rov- over, trek
ing, short, short-lived, temporal, temporary, transitory, un-
enduring, unstable, vanishing, volatile TRAVESTY, noun burlesque, burlesque translation, cari-
cature, crude presentation, distortion, exaggeration, farce,
TRANSITION, noun alteration, break, change, change- imitation, lampoon, low comedy, ludicrous presentation,
over, conversion, development, flux, graduation, growth, mimicry, mockery, parody, perversion, ridicule, take-off
jump, leap, metastasis, modification, motion, movement,
passage, passing, phase, progress, realignment, shift, TREASON, noun betrayal, betrayal of a trust, breach of
transference, transformation, transit, transitio, transmigra- allegiance, breach of faith, disloyalty, infidelity, insurgence,
tion, transmutation, turn insurrection, maiestas, mutiny, perfidia, perfidy, rebellion,
rebellion against the government, revolt, revolution, sedi-
TRANSITORY, adjective brief, cursory, ephemeral, ev- tion, subversion, treachery, violation of allegiance
anescent, fleeting, flitting, fugacious, impermanent, mo- FOREIGN PHRASES: Felonia implicatur in qualibet prodi-
mentary, not permanent, passing away, provisional, short tione. Felony is implied in every treason. Reus laesae
lived, temporal, temporary, transient, unenduring, un- majestatis punitur ut pereat unus ne pereant omnes.
stable, volatile A traitor is punished that one may die lest all perish.
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: transitory actions, transitory causes of Crimen laesae majestatis omnia alia crimina excedit
action, transitory possession of property, transitory seizen, quoad poenam. The crime of high treason exceeds all
transitory trade name, transitory use and occupation, other crimes in its punishment. In alta proditione nullus
transitory work potest esse accessorius sed principalis solummodo. In
high treason each one is a principal. Qui molitur insi-
TRANSMIT, verb bear, carry, cede, communicate, con- dias in patriam id facit quod insanus nauta perforans
duct, consign, convey, deliver, dispatch, forward, give, navem in qua vehitur. He who betrays his country is like
hand on, hand over, impart, issue, pass, pass on, provide, the insane sailor who bores a hole in the ship which car-
radiate, remit, send, send a message, send on, ship, trans- ries him.
fer, transmittere, transport
TREASURY, noun accumulation, aerarium, bank, bur-
TRANSMITTAL, noun circulation, communication, con- sary, cache, capital, central money office, coffer, conserva-
veyance, deliverance, delivery, direction, dispatch, for- tory, deposit, depository, depot, exchequer, fiscus, fund,
warding, impartation, letter, movement, note, passage, place of deposit, purse, receptacle, repertory, repository,
propagation, remittance, sending, transfer, transference, reservatory, reserve, reserve fund, safe, store, storehouse,
translocation, transmission, transmittance, transplantation, strongbox, thesaurus, till, treasure house, vault
transportation
TREAT, noun amusement, delight, diversion, festival,
TRANSPARENT, adjective apparent, candid, clear, clear pleasure, refreshment, repast, revelry
as crystal, clear-cut, direct, distinct, evident, explicit, frank,
honest, innocent, intelligible, lucent, lucid, manifest, obvi- TREAT (Process), verb act on, analyze, attend, bargain
ous, open, palpable, patent, pellucid, perceivable, percep- with, behave toward, comment upon, confer, correct, deal
tible, perspicuous, pervious, plain, plain-speaking, porous, with, debate, deliberate, discuss, edit, entertain, examine,
revealing, self-evident, simple, translucent, translucid, un- handle, heal, investigate, modify, negotiate, parley, reason,
ambiguous, undisguised, unequivocal, unmistakable, visible reason about, revise, use, work on, write about

TRANSPORT, verb banish, bear, bring, carry, cart, con- TREAT (Remedy), verb ameliorate, better, cure, improve
duct, consign, convey, deliver, deport, dispatch, drive out,
exile, expel, extradite, fetch, imprison, move, ostracize, re- TREATMENT, noun adjustment, analysis, arrangement,
move, send, ship, take, tote, transfer, transmit, transmittere, consideration, cure, design, examination, execution, han-
transplant, transportare dling, investigation, management, modification, process,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: transport across state lines, transport processing, study, technique, therapy, transaction, way
contraband, transport illegal goods, transport in interstate ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: inhuman treatment, medical treatment
commerce
TREATY, noun accord, agreement, agreement between
TRAP, noun ambush, artifice, bait, catch, catch-all, lure, nations, alliance, armistice, arrangement, bargain, bond,
maneuver, net, pitfall, snare, stratagem cartel, charter, compact, concordance, concordat, contract,
conventio, convention, covenant, deal, entente, formal con-
TRAP, verb bait, catch, ensnare, entangle, entrap, hook, tract, international compact, negotiation, pact, pactio, pro-
inveigle, snare, snatch tocol, settlement, truce, understanding
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: insurance treaty
TRAVEL, noun flying, get to, go, go abroad, go by air, go
by airplane, go by car, go by jet, go by plane, go by sea, go TRENCHANT, adjective acrimonious, acute, biting,
to, ride to a spot, sail to a place, see the sights, see the brisk, caustic, clear-cut, cutting, distinct, dynamic, ener-
world, sojourn, take a trip, take a vacation, tour on vacation, getic, explicit, forceful, incisive, intense, keen, mordant,
touring, traverse, visit during a vacation penetrating, penetrative, piercing, pointed, powerful, pun-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: emigration, immigration, travel law, gent, sarcastic, scathing, severe, sharp, spirited, stinging,
travel rights telling, thoroughgoing, unsparing, vigorous

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TREPIDATION, noun affright, agitation, alarm, appre- pretext, quirk, racket, ruse, scheme, sham, sleight, soph-
hension, awe, consternation, disconcertion, dismay, dis- istry, stratagem, subterfuge, wile
quiet, disquietude, dread, fear, flutter, fret, fright, funk, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: false pretenses
horror, jitteriness, jumpiness, nervousness, oscillation,
panic, perturbation, quaking, quivering, restlessness, scare, TRICK, verb bait, bamboozle, beguile, betray, cheat,
shaking, terror, trembling, tremor, tremulousness, trepida- circumvent, cozen, deceive, decoy, defraud, delude, dupe,
tio, trepidity, uneasiness, unrest ensnare, evade, hoax, hoodwink, illude, inveigle, mislead,
misrepresent, pettifog, swindle, take in, trap, victimize
TRESPASS, verb advance upon, breach, break in, break
the law, contravene, deviate from rectitude, disobey, dis- TRIP AND FALL CASE, noun accident case, action, ac-
obey the law, disregard, encroach, enter unlawfully, ex- tion for an injury, calamity, casualty claim, cause of action,
ceed, go astray, ignore limits, in alienum fundum ingredi, claim of negligence, general liability claim, injurious occur-
infringe, intrude, invade, offend, overrun, overstep, sin, rence, liability claim, litigation, misfortune, mishap, negli-
transgress, usurp, violate gence case, personal injury, slip and fall
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: action of trespass, constructive tres- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: liability insurance, plaintiff law firms,
pass, continuing trespass, forcible trespass, innocent tres- trials bar
pass, malicious trespass, technical trespass, willful and de-
liberate trespass TRITE, adjective banal, boring, bromidic, common,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Aedificare in tuo proprio solo non licet commonplace, conventional, dull, familiar, hackneyed,
quod alteri noceat. It is not lawful to build upon one’s own known, much used, oft repeated, old, ordinary, overused,
land what may injure another. Prohibetur ne quis faciat in pervulgatus, platitudinous, prosaic, proverbial, routine,
suo quod nocere possit alieno. It is forbidden for anyone run-of-the-mill, shopworn, stale, stereotyped, stock, te-
to do on his own property what may injure another’s. dious, threadbare, too familiar, tritus, uncreative, unexcit-
ing, unimaginative, unoriginal, used, wearisome, well-
TRIABLE, adjective actionable, cognizable, justiciable, known, widely known, worn, worn out
legally enforceable
TRIVIAL, adjective cursory, empty, foolish, frivolous,
TRIAL (Experiment), noun analysis, attempt, check, inane, inappreciable, inconsiderable, indifferent, idle, im-
endeavor, evaluation, examination, experimental method, material, inconsequential, inferior, insignificant, levis, light,
experimentum, exploration, in-depth analysis, inquiry, in- little, meager, meaningless, mediocre, minute, negligible,
spection, probe, review, scrutiny, study, test, testing nominal, nonessential, nugatory, of little consequence,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: trial period petty, picayune, scanty, shallow, slight, slim, small, super-
ficial, trashy, trifling, unimportant, useless, worthless
TRIAL (Legal proceeding), noun action, action at law, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: trivial defect rule, trivial matter
case, cause, contest, court action, examination, formal ex-
amination by a court of law, formal examination of facts by TROUBLE, noun ado, adversity, affliction, ailment, an-
a court, hearing, iudicium, inquest, inquiry, inquisition, ju- noyance, bane, blow, bother, burden, calamity, catastro-
dicial contest, lawsuit, legal dispute, litigation, proceeding, phe, cause of distress, commotion, difficulty, discomfort,
quaestio, suit, suit at law discontent, discord, dissatisfaction, distress, disturbance,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: appeal from a trial, close of a trial, ex- fuss, grievance, hardship, hindrance, ill, inconvenience,
amination before trial, fair trial, former trial, impartial trial, misfortune, obstruction, ordeal, pitfall, plague, problem,
joint trial, jury trial, mistrial, new trial, order of trial, post-trial reverse, row, setback, snag, sollicitudo, suffering, torment,
evidence, pretrial evidence, proceed to trial, public trial, re- trial, tribulation
trial, separate trial, speedy trial, trial by jury, trial by the court,
trial court, trial de novo, trial judge TROVER, noun atonement, award, compensation,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Triatio ibi semper debet fieri, ubi jura- damages, fine, forfeiture, indemnification, indemnity, mulct,
tores meliorem possunt habere notitiam. Trial ought al- payment, penalty, quittance, recompense, recoupment, re-
ways to be had where the jurors can have the best informa- covery, redress, reparation, requital, requitement, restitu-
tion. tion, retrieval, retrievement, return, satisfaction, solatium

TRIAL BALLOON, noun attempt, dry run, effort, en- TRUANT, adjective absent, apathetic, dilatory, errant,
deavor, experiment, experimental method, exploration, flown, fugitive, idle, inattentive, indifferent, indolent, lag-
first attempt, inquiry, inspection, investigation, probe, re- gard, lazy, loitering, missing, neglectful, nonattendant, re-
hearsal, research, search, stab, straw man, test, trial, trial miss, shiftless, shirking, slack, slothful, straying, uncon-
run, try, undertaking, venture cerned, unemployed, unpersevering, wandering

TRIBUNAL, noun bench, chancery, court, court of jus- TRUCKLE, verb crawl, cringe, fawn, grovel, toady,
tice, court of law, forum, iudicium, judges, judgment seat, yield to the wishes of others
judiciary, law court, panel of judges
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: administrative tribunal, appellate tribu- TRUE (Authentic), adjective according to the facts, ac-
nal, fair tribunal, inferior tribunal, tribunal of limited jurisdiction curate, actual, as represented, authenticated, certain, cor-
rect, creditable, dependable, exact, factual, fidelis, fidus,
TRICK, noun antic, artifice, bunko, canard, caper, ca- founded on fact, genuine, honest, legitimate, literal, not
price, contrivance, deception, decoy, delusion, device, false, not faulty, not fictitious, original, precise, pure, real,
dodge, escapade, evasion, expedient, fake, false pretense, realistic, reliable, right, rightful, sound, trustworthy, truthful,
feint, fraud, gimmick, hoax, illusion, imposture, instinct, unadulterated, unaffected, uncolored, undisguised, undis-
intrigue, knavery, legerdemain, machination, maneuver, puted, undistorted, unexaggerated, unfabricated, unfalla-
peculiarity, plot, ploy, prank, prestidigitation, pretense, cious, unfeigned, unfictitious, unimagined, unimpeachable,

623
 TRUE

unmistaken, unperjured, unpretended, unquestionable, TRUSTWORTHINESS, noun dependability, faithful-

unspurious, unvarnished, valid, veracious, veridical, verifi- ness, honesty, integrity, loyalty, probity, rectitude, reliabil-
able, veritable, verus, well-based, well-founded, well- ity, uprightness
grounded
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: true bill, true copy, true value, true TRUTH, noun accuracy, actuality, authenticity, candor,
verdict conformity to fact, correctness, exactness, fact, genuine-
ness, honesty, integrity, precision, probity, realism, reality,
TRUE (Loyal), adjective ardent, assiduous, compliant, right, sincerity, veracity, veritas, verity
complying, conscientious, constant, dedicated, depend- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: credibility of a witness, reputation for
able, devoted, duteous, dutiful, earnest, faithful, fervent, truth, truth in lending laws
firm in adherence, firm in allegiance, incorruptible, obedi- FOREIGN PHRASES: Error fucatus nuda veritate in multis, est
ent, reliable, resolute, responsible, sincere, stanch, stead- probabilior; et saepenumero rationibus vincit veritatem
fast, steady, sure, tried, truehearted, trustworthy, trusty, error. Error artfully disguised is, in many instances, more
unbetraying, unfailing, unfalse, unperfidious, unswerving, probable than naked truth; and frequently error overwhelms
untreacherous, unwavering, zealous truth by argumentation. Veritas nimium altercando amit-
titur. Truth is lost by too much altercation. Sacramentum
TRUST (Combination of businesses), noun association, habet in se tres comites:veritatem, justitiam, et judi-
cartel, combination of companies, combine, consortium, cium—veritus habenda est in jurato; justitia et justicium
corporation, merger, monopolistic organization, monopoly, in judice. An oath has in it three components:truth, justice,
pool, syndicate and judgment—truth in the party swearing; justice and
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: antitrust laws, combination in restraint judgment in the judge administering the oath. Fictio cedit
of trade veritati. Fictio juris non est ubi veritas. Fiction yields to
truth. Where truth is, fiction of law does not exist. Qui non
TRUST (Confidence), noun assurance, belief, certainty, libere veritatem pronunciat proditor est veritatis. He
confident expectation, conviction, credence, credulity, de- who does not freely speak the truth is a betrayer of the truth.
pendence, faith, fides, fiducia, reassurance, reliance, sure- Veritas, quae minime defensatur opprimitur; et qui non
ness, trustworthiness improbat, approbat. Truth which is not sufficiently de-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: breach of trust, office of trust, public trust fended is overpowered; and he who does not disapprove,
approves. Veritas nihil veretur nisi abscondi. Truth fears
TRUST (Custody), noun care, charge, control, duty, nothing but concealment.
guardianship, holding, keeping, management, obligation,
possession and control, power over, protection, responsi- TRUTHFUL, adjective aboveboard, accurate, actual,
bility, safety believable, credible, exact, fact, factual, faithful, honest,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: beneficiary of trust, business trust, honorable, legitimate, right-minded, truth-loving, truth-
cestui que trust, charitable trust, constructive trust, continu- speaking, truth-telling, upright, veracious
ing trust, corpus of trust, de facto trust, declaration of trust, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: impeachment, the veracity of a wit-
discretionary trust, dormant trust, dry trust, execution of ness, truthful testimony
trust, executory trust, express trust, implied trust, parol
trust, presumptive trust, principal of a trust, private trust, TRY (Attempt), verb aim, aspire, conari, endeavor, exert
residuary trust, resultant trust, revocable trust, shifting trust, oneself, make an effort, put forth effort, seek, strain, strive,
special trust, spendthrift trust, totten trust, trust agreement, tackle, take a chance, temptare, test, undertake, venture
trust certificate, trust company, trust deed, trust estate,
trust funds, trust mortgage, trust receipts TRY (Conduct a trial), verb adjudge, adjudicate, con-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Fides est obligatio conscientiae alicujus sider, decide, deliberate, examine, examine judicially, hear
ad intentionem alterius. A trust is an obligation of con- a case, hear a cause, iudicare, judge, legally determine,
science of one to the wishes of another. pronounce, rule, sit in judgment
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: try a case before a judge, try a case
TRUST, verb accept, accredit, assume, be confident, before a jury
confide, confidere, count upon, credere, credit, depend
upon, expect, feel sure, give credence to, give credit to, TUMULTUOUS, adjective angry, disgusted, enraged,
have faith in, have no doubt, have no reservations, hope, frantic, frenzied, fuming, furious, hostile, inflamed, infuri-
lean on, mandare, place reliance in, presume, put confi- ated, ireful, livid, offended, offensive, outraged, raging,
dence in, rely on, swear by, take, take for granted storming, tempestuous, turbulent

TRUSTEE, noun administrator, agent, appointee, care- TURGID, adjective bombastic, circumlocutory, declam-
taker, curator, custodian, custos, depositary, fiduciary, finan- atory, diffuse, digressive, euphuistic, flowery, fustian, gran-
cier, functionary, guardian, holder of the legal estate, one to diloquent, high-flown, inflated, long-winded, magniloquent,
whom something is entrusted, person appointed to admin- orotund, periphrastic, pleonastic, plethoric, pompous, prolix,
ister affairs, recipient puffed up, redundant, rhetorical, sesquipedalian, stilted,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: acting trustee, appointment of trustee, swelled, swollen, tumid, turgent, wordy
bare trustee, change of trustee, corporate trustee, cotrust-
ees, de facto trustee, designation of trustee, disinterested TURMOIL, noun activity, ado, agitation, bedlam, bustle,
trustee, duty of trustee, fiduciary responsibility, interested chaos, commotion, confusion, convulsion, discord, disorder,
trustee, involuntary trustee, liability of trustee, nominal disquiet, distraction, disturbance, excitement, ferment, fra-
trustee, public trustee, qualification of trustees, quasi cas, fuss, havoc, huddle, imbroglio, jumble, melee, muddle,
trustee, removal of trustee, successor trustee, testamentary pandemonium, perturbation, pother, row, rumpus, stir,
trustee, trustee by deed, trustee of an estate, trustee ex storm, tempest, trouble, tumult, turba, turbulence, turbu-
maleficio, trustee in bankruptcy lency, unrest, upheaval, uproar, welter

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 ULTIMATE

TURN (Change), noun bend, change of direction, TWEAKING, noun accommodation, adjustment, ad-
curve, detour, deviation, diversion, particular interpretation, vance, advancement, alteration, amelioration, amendment,
twist, vicissitude bettering, betterment, breakthrough, change, change for
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: turnover order the better, changeover, constructive change, deviation, dif-
ference, divergence, enhancement, enrichment, improve-
TURN (Rotation), noun circuit, cycle, gyration, peram- ment, increase, lift, melioration, modification, progress,
bulation, revolution, shift, span stretch, stint progression, progressive change, redesign, reform, refor-
mation, reshaping, restoration, restructuring, transition,
TURN (Change), verb alter, avert, bend, change, change upgrade
opinion, coil, contort, convert, curdle, curl, deviate, di- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: punitive damages
gress, ferment, form, induce, influence, metamorphose,
mold, persuade, prevail upon, recast, reconstruct, reorga- TWO-PART TRIAL, noun bifurcated trial, bisection of
nize, shift, sinuate, slue, sway, swerve, transform, trans- a case, segmentation in a case, segregation in a case,
mute, transpose, veer, wind, win over separate liability and damage phases, separate quilt and
insanity defense phases, separation in a case, severance
TURN (Deflect), verb alter belief, argue, avert, change in a case, split in a case, split trial, two or more hearings
course, convince, gainsay, maneuver, outmaneuver, revolu- held
tionize, transform, vary ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: financial betterment, improvement in
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: turn state’s evidence real estate value
FOREIGN PHRASES: Nul ne doit s’enrichir aux despens des au-
TURN (Rotate), verb change, gyrate, jibe, move, move tres. No man should enrich himself at the expense of others.
clockwise, move counterclockwise, pivot, pull, push, re-
volve, spin, swivel, whirl TYPICAL, adjective according to custom, according to
routine, accustomed, average, characteristic, common,
TURNS ON, verb arises from, centers on, emanates commonplace, conformable, conformable to rule, consis-
from, ensues from, exists because of, hinges on, is decided tent, conventional, current, customary, everyday, exempli-
on, issues from, springs from, the conclusion originates fying a class, familiar, habitual, illustrative, in character, in-
from, the critical point is, the crowning point is, the crucial dicative, indicatory, model, normal, of everyday occurrence,
moment is, the crux of the matter is, the culmination is, the of frequent occurrence, oft-repeated, ordinary, orthodox,
determination is, the juncture is, the outcome is derived popular, prevailing, prevalent, proprius, prosaic, recurrent,
from, the pivotal moment is, the result is, the watershed regular, representative, solitus, standard, standardized, ste-
event is reotyped, stock, traditional, true to type, typicus, unexcep-
tional, usual
TURPITUDE, noun bad character, bad name, baseness,
character, corruption, decadence, degeneracy, degradation, TYRANNOUS, adjective arbitrary, brutal, despotic,
depravity, disrepute, ill repute, immorality, infamy, obscen- domineering, grinding, hard, harsh, high-handed, imperious,
ity, perfidy, shady reputation, vileness, wickedness, wrong- lordly, masterful, oppressive, overbearing, peremptory, se-
doing vere, strict, tyrannical, uncompromising, unjustly severe

UBIQUITOUS, adjective ever-present, omnipresent, ULTERIOR, adjective concealed, hidden, not manifest,
permeative, pervading, pervasive, ubiquitary, universal, obscure, secret, unadvertised, unavowed, undisclosed,
worldwide undivulged, unevident, unexpressed, unknown, unmen-
tioned, unobvious, unperceived, unrevealed, unseen
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: ulterior motive
UGSOME, adjective aberrant, abhorrent, contemptible,
despicable, dreadful, frightful, fulsome, ghastly, gross,
hateful, horrific, loathsome, monstrous, nasty, odious, ran- ULTIMATE, adjective basic, conclusive, conclusory,
cid, repellent, reprehensible, repugnant, repulsive, revolt- crowning, elemental, elementary, end, ending, essential,
ing, scandalous, shocking, unpleasant eventual, extreme, extremus, farthest, final, fundamental,

625
 ULTIMATUM

furthermost, furthest, greatest possible, last, maximum, unordinary, unpracticed, unseasoned, unskilled, un-
most distant, most remote, primary, rudimental, rudimen- trained, untried, unusual, unversed
tary, supreme, terminal, terminative, ultimus
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: ultimate facts UNACQUAINTED, adjective ignarus, ignorant, inex-
perienced, inscius, new, strange, unaccustomed, unap-
ULTIMATUM, noun condition, demand, exaction, ex- prized, unaware, unconversant, unenlightened, unfamiliar,
trema condicio, final condition, final offer, final proposal, uninformed, unknowing, unversed
final proposition, last offer, notice, proposition, provision,
proviso, requirement, requisite, specification, stipulation, UNADULTERATED, adjective genuine, integer, merus,
threat, warning neat, pure, simple, sincerus, straight, true, unalloyed, un-
combined, uncompounded, uncontaminated, uncorrupted,
ULTRA VIRES, adjective illegitimate, unallowed, unau- undebased, undefiled, undiluted, undistorted, unmingled,
thorized, unchartered, unlicensed, unsanctioned, unwar- unmixed, unsophisticated, untouched, unvarnished, virgin
ranted
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: ultra vires act, ultra vires doctrine UNAFFECTED (Sincere), adjective aboveboard, artless,
candid, candidus, childlike, direct, downright, forthright,
UMBRAGE, noun acrimony, alienation, anger, animosity, frank, free from affectation, guileless, honest, inartificial,
annoyance, bad blood, bile, bitterness, choler, disaffection, ingenuous, innocent, modest, naive, natural, open, outspo-
discord, dislike, displeasure, dissatisfaction, dudgeon, en- ken, plain, plainspoken, simple, simplex, spontaneous,
mity, estrangement, grudge, hatred, hostility, ill humor, ill straightforward, truthful, unassuming, uncounterfeited, un-
will, indignation, irritation, offense, pique, rancor, resent- deceptive, undesigning, unfeigning, unpretending, unpre-
ment, soreness, spleen, wrath tentious, unreserved, unsimulated, unsophisticated, unsyn-
thetic, upright, wholesome
UMPIRE, noun adjudicator, arbiter, arbitrator, compro-
miser, disceptator, go-between, interagent, intercessor, in- UNAFFECTED (Uninfluenced), adjective aweless, cal-
termediary, intermediator, intermedium, intervenor, judge, lous, calm, constans, disdainful, frigid, hard-hearted, heart-
mediator, moderator, peacemaker, reconciler, referee less, icy, immotus, impassive, impervious, implacable, in-
different, inflexible, insensitive, insentient, inured, obdurate,
UNABASHED, adjective aweless, barefaced, bold, bra- obtuse, pitiless, remorseless, steely, stoic, stoical, stony,
zen, forward, hardened, immodest, impudens, not unaltered, uncaring, unchanged, uncompassionate, uncon-
ashamed, not disconcerted, shameless, unafraid, unappre- cerned, unexcited, unfeeling, unimpressed, uninspired,
hensive, unashamed, unawed, unblushing, unconcerned, unmoved, unresponsive, unstirred, unstruck, unswayed,
uncringing, undaunted, undismayed, unembarrassed, un- unsympathetic, untouched, unyielding
fearing, unflinching, unshaken, unshrinking, without shame
UNALIENABLE, adjective absolute, actual, certain,
UNABLE, adjective defenseless, disabled, feckless, force- conclusive, definite, fixed, imprescriptible, inalienable, in-
less, helpless, impotent, inadequate, incapable, incompetent, capable of being surrendered, indefeasible, inviolable, law-
ineffective, inefficient, inept, inoperative, insufficient, lame, ful, prescriptive, privileged, rightful, unalterable, unchal-
not able, powerless, unfit, unqualified, useless, worthless lengeable, unimpeachable, untransferable
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: unalienable rights
UNACCEPTABLE, adjective displeasing, distasteful, ex-
ceptionable, impossible, inadmissable, inappropriate, ingra- UNALTERABLE, adjective adamant, changeless, con-
tus, iniucundus, intolerable, not fitting, objectionable, stant, definite, determined, fated, firm, fixed, immutabilis,
offensive, repugnant, unappealing, unattractive, undesir- immutable, inalterable, incommutable, inevitable, inflexible,
able, undesired, uninviting, unpleasant, unpleasing, un- invariable, irreversible, obdurate, permanent, relentless,
popular, unsatisfactory, unsuitable, unwanted, unwelcome resolute, rigid, settled, stable, unbending, unchangeable,
undeviating, unmodifiable, unpliant, unwavering, unyielding
UNACCOUNTABLE, adjective anything goes, defiant,
devolving on, disobedient, insubordinate, irresponsible, UNAMBIGUOUS, adjective apertus, articulate, certain,
licentious, not accountable, mutinous, not properly ac- clarus, clear, clear-cut, clearly defined, comprehensible,
counted for, not responsible, not traceable, rebellious, riot- defined, definite, definitus, distinct, distinguishable, evi-
ous, seditious, unchecked, uncontrolled, uncurbed, undisci- dent, exact, explicit, express, intelligible, lucid, not vague,
plined, ungoverned, unrestrained obvious, perspicuous, plain, precise, recognizable, sure,
transparent, unconfused, understandable, unequivocal, uni-
UNACCUSTOMED, adjective a stranger to, aberrant, vocal, unmistakable, well-defined
abnormal, amazing, anomalous, astonishing, bizarre, curi- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: plain language
ous, different, disaccustomed, eccentric, exceptional, ex-
otic, extraordinary, first time experiencing, first time for, UNANTICIPATED, adjective abrupt, improvisus, inex-
foreign, freakish, green, ignorant, inexperienced, insoli- spectatus, insperatus, startling, sudden, surprising, uncon-
tus, insuetus, inusitate, irregular, naive, new, new to, not templated, unexpected, unforeseen, unlooked for, un-
accustomed to, not common, not conversant with, not thought of
familiar with, not in the habit of, not usual, not used to,
novel, odd, out of the habit of, out of the ordinary, out- UNAPPROACHABLE, adjective aloof, austere, beyond
landish, peculiar, queer, rare, raw, remarkable, rusty, reach, distant, far-off, faraway, forbidding, formidable, im-
shaky, singular, strange, surprising, unacquainted, unac- pregnable, inaccessible, inaffable, incomparable, inimitable,
quainted with, unaware of, uncommon, unconventional, matchless, nongregarious, out of reach, out-of-the-way,
unconversant, uncustomary, unfamiliar, unfamiliar with, peerless, rari aditus, remote, removed, reserved, secluded,
unhabituated, uninitiated, uninured, unique, unnatural, separated, standoffish, stern, superior, superlative,

626
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supreme, unattainable, unequaled, unexcelled, unique, undiscerning, unenlightened, unfamiliar with, unfore-
unobtainable, unparalleled, unreachable, unsociable, unsur- warned, unguarded, unheeding, uninformed, unknowing,
passed, withdrawn unmindful, unobservant, unprepared, unrealizing, unsus-
pecting, unversed, unwarned, unwary, without notice
UNASSAILABLE, adjective as strong as a fortress,
completely defensible, impenetrable, impossible to dis- UNBEARABLE, adjective enough to drive one mad,
prove, impossible to dispute, impregnable, not attackable, indefensible, inequitable, inexcusable, insufferable, insup-
not capable of being, not subject to attack, not vulnerable, portable, intolerable, not capable of being endured, too
strong, undeniable much, unconscionable, unendurable, unjustifiable, unwar-
ranted
UNATTAINABLE, adjective impossible, impracticable, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: unbearable loss, unbearable suffering
impractical, inaccessible, infeasible, insuperable, insurmount-
able, out of reach, out of the question, unachievable, unac- UNBEATABLE, adjective beyond comparison, champi-
quirable, unapproachable, unavailable, unfeasible, ungetta- onship, first, in a class all by itself, incomparable, inimitable,
ble, unobtainable, unperformable, unprocurable, unreachable, matchless, never-to-be-equaled, peerless, top, unap-
unsecurable proachable, unequaled, unexampled, unexcelled, unique,
unmatchable, unmatched, unparalleled, unrivaled, unsur-
UNATTENDED, adjective abandoned, all by one’s lone- passable, unsurpassed, without equal
some, alone, disregarded, forgotten, helpless, ignored, insu-
lar, isolated, left alone, lone, lonesome, neglected, not associ- UNBECOMING, adjective awkward, degrading, dis-
ated with, not cared for, on one’s own, removed, separate, honorable, disreputable, graceless, improper, in bad taste,
separated, unaccompanied, unaided, unassisted, unescorted, inapposite, inappropriate, incongruous, incorrect, indecent,
unguarded, unheeded, unprotected, unsheltered, un- indecorous, indecorus, indelicate, indignus, infelicitous, of-
shielded, unsupported, unsuspecting, untended, unwarned, fensive, out of keeping, out of place, unapt, unbefitting,
unwatched, withdrawn unbeseeming, uncomely, undignified, unfit, unfitted, un-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: attractive nuisance, negligence genteel, unhandsome, unladylike, unmeet, unpraiseworthy,
unseemly, unsuitable, unsuited, untasteful, vulgar
UNAUTHORIZED, adjective disallowed, forbidden, in-
appropriate, incorrect, illegal, illegitimate, improper, pro- UNBELIEVABLE, adjective absurd, difficult to accept,
hibited, proscribed, unaccredited, unaffirmed, unapproved, difficult to believe, disbelieved, distrusted, doubtful, dubi-
uncertified, unchartered, uncommanded, uncommissioned, ous, farfetched, hard to believe, implausible, improbable,
unconstitutional, undue, unempowered, unendorsed, un- inconceivable, incredible, open to doubt, open to suspicion,
entitled, unjustified, unlawful, unlicensed, unpermitted, palpably false, questionable, staggering, suspect, suspicious,
unratified, unsanctioned, unsuitable, unsupported, unwar- unconvincing, unimaginable, unlikely, untenable, unthink-
ranted, wrongful able
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: unauthorized conduct, unauthorized use
UNBENDING, adjective adamant, durus, firm, fixed,
UNAVAILABILITY, noun inaccessibility, unacquirability, hard, immobile, immovable, implacable, inflexible, intrac-
unapproachability, unattainability, unobtainability table, intransigent, narrow-minded, obdurate, obstinate,
relentless, renitent, resistant, resolute, rigid, rigidus, stern,
UNAVAILING, adjective abortive, barren, bootless, stiff, straight, straitlaced, strict, strong-minded, stubborn,
empty, fruitless, futile, futilis, idle, impotent, inadequate, unchangeable, uncompromising, unpliant, unrelenting,
incompetent, ineffective, ineffectual, inefficacious, ineffi- unyielding, willful
cient, inoperative, inritus, inutile, invalid, nugatory, of no
avail, pointless, profitless, purposeless, successless, to no UNBIASED, adjective broad-minded, detached, disin-
end, to no purpose, uneventful, unproductive, unprofitable, terested, dispassionate, equitable, fair, fair-minded, impar-
unserviceable, unsuccessful, useless, vain, valueless, vanus, tial, impersonal, independent, indifferent, just, liberal,
wasted, wasteful, worthless neutral, nonpartisan, objective, open, open-minded, toler-
ant, unbigoted, uncolored, uninfluenced, unjaundiced, un-
UNAVOIDABLE (Inevitable), adjective avoidless, certain, prejudiced, unslanted, unswayed, unwarped
coercive, compelling, compulsory, fated, fixed, impending,
imperative, inavertible, ineluctable, ineludible, inescapable, UNBLEMISHED (Clean), adjective above suspicion,
inevasible, inevitabilis, inexorable, involuntary, irresistible, acquitted, blameless, bright, clean-handed, clear, decent,
irrevocable, mandatory, necessarius, necessary, obligatory, faultless, free from criminal record, free from guilt, guilt-
resistless, sure, uncontrollable, unpreventable less, honest, honorable, immaculate, impeccable, in the
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: unavoidable accident, unavoidable clear, incorrupt, incorruptible, innocent, irreproachable,
casualty, unavoidable cause, unavoidable consequences, law-abiding, lawful, pure, righteous, right-minded, scrupu-
unavoidable dangers lous, soil-free, spotless, squeaky clean, stainless, strictly
honest, unimpeachable, unobjectionable, unoffending,
UNAVOIDABLE (Not voidable), adjective binding, unsoiled, unstained, untainted, untarnished, veracious,
fixed, indefeasible, inrevocabilis, irrebuttable, irrefutable, virtuous, without a stain, without reproach
irrevocable, mandatory, settled, unable to be annulled, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: a clean criminal record
unchangeable
UNBLEMISHED (Honest), adjective above suspicion,
UNAWARE, adjective blinded, heedless, ignarus, ig- absolute, acquitted, angelic, beyond all praise, beyond re-
norant, inattentive, incognizant, inexpectant, inscius, insen- proach, blameless, bloodless, chaste, clean, clean-handed,
sible, mindless, nescient, nescius, oblivious, off guard, sur- clean-minded, creditable, decent, defectless, entirely de-
prised, unacquainted, unadvised, unapprised, unconscious, fensible, estimable, ethical, fair, faultless, flawless, free from

627
 UNBOUND

impurities, full of integrity, good, guileless, high-minded, irresolution, jeopardy, misgiving, obscurity, peril, perplex-
high-principled, highly respectable, honorable, ideal, im- ity, possibility, precariousness, qualm, quandary, reluctance,
maculate, impeccable, incorrupt, incorruptible, indefectible, risk, shadowiness, speculation, suspense, undependability,
indefective, infallible, innocent, inviolable, inviolate, irrep- unevenness, unpredictability, unreliability, unsteadiness,
rehensible, irreproachable, irreprovable, just, just right, unsureness, vacillation, vagueness, wavering, weakness
law-abiding, lawful, law-loving, law-revering, matchless,
moral, noble, not guilty, not responsible, not to be im- UNCHECKED, adjective allowed, allowed freely, easy,
proved, number-one, peedess, perfect, principled, pure, lax, out of control, out of hand, permitted, rampant, riot-
pure in heart, reputable, respectable, right, righteous, right- ous, tolerated, unbridled, unconditional, unconstrained,
minded, scrupulous, sinless, spotless, squeaky-clean, stain- uncontrolled, uncurbed, ungoverned, unhampered, unin-
less, sterling, straight, strictly honest, taintless, true-deal- hibited, unregulated, unrepressed, unreserved, unre-
ing, true-devoted, true-disposing, truehearted, true-souled, strained, unruly
true-spirited, unadulterated, unblamable, unbribed, uncon- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: unchecked presidential power
taminated, uncorrupt, uncorrupted, unculpable, unerring,
unexceptionable, unfaultable, unflawed, unguilty, unim- UNCLAIMED, adjective forgotten, unallocated, unap-
peachable, uninvolved, unmixed, unmuddied, unobjection- plied, unappropriated, unasked for, uncalled-for, unde-
able, unoffending, unstained, unsullied, untainted, untar- manded, unexacted, unpossessed, unrequisitioned, un-
nished, unviolated, uprighteous, upstanding, veracious, sought, untaken
virtuous, without reproach, world-class, worthy ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: last property, unclaimed property
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: unblemished record
UNCLEAN HANDS, noun a blemished record, a record
UNBOUND, adjective disunited, exempt, free, liber- of proven fault, equitable defense, improper history, per-
ated, limitless, manumitted, paroled, released, set free, sonal deficiencies, personal problems, problems in the
uncaught, unchained, unchecked, unconfined, uncon- past, tainted past
strained, uncontrolled, unencumbered, unfastened, unfet-
tered, unfixed, unhindered, unlimited, unobstructed, un- UNCLEAR, adjective ambiguous, blurred, blurry,
prevented, unrestrained, unrestricted, untied, untrammeled clouded, cloudy, confused, difficult to comprehend, diffi-
cult to understand, dim, equivocal, faint, foggy, fuzzy, hazy,
UNBRIDLED AUTHORITY, noun absolute discretion, ill-defined, illegible, imperspicuous, incomprehensible, in-
authority, blank check, carte blanche, complete liberty, conspicuous, indistinct, indistinguishable, misty, muddy,
discretion, every option, free hand, freedom, full authority, murky, obscure, out of focus, poorly defined, poorly seen,
full delegated authority, full power, full range, latitude, lee- shadowy, sketchy, turbid, uncertain, undefined, unevident,
way, maneuvering space, total discretion, unbridled discre- unexplicit, unintelligible, unobvious, unplain, unreadable,
tion, unhampered authority unrecognizable, vague

UNCANNY, adjective astonishing, exceptional, incon- UNCOMMON, adjective aberrant, abnormal, anoma-
ceivable, incredible, intuitional, magical, mysterious, mystify- lous, bizarre, curious, different, distinctive, eccentric, excep-
ing, noteworthy, odd, peculiar, preternatural, rare, remark- tional, exotic, extraordinary, infrequent, insolitus, inusitate,
able, secret, singular, strange, supernatural, unaccountable, inusitatus, marked, noteworthy, novel, occasional, odd,
unbelievable, uncommon, unearthly, unfamiliar, unheard of, out-of-the-way, outstanding, peculiar, rare, rarus, remark-
unnatural, weird able, scarce, seldom met with, singular, special, startling,
strange, surprising, unaccustomed, unconventional, uncus-
UNCERTAIN (Ambiguous), adjective amphibolic, cryp- tomary, unexampled, unfamiliar, unheard of, unimitated,
tic, enigmatical, inconclusive, indeterminate, indistinct, unique, unorthodox, unparalleled, unprecedented, unusual
mistakable, mysterious, mystifying, nebulous, not certain,
not clear, not plain, obscure, occult, open to various inter- UNCOMPROMISING, adjective adamant, austere,
pretations, perplexing, puzzling, unclear, unintelligible, conservative, determined, difficult, exacting, exigent, fa-
vague natic, fanatical, firm, hard, immovable, implacable, incor-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Ubi jus incertum, ibi jus nullum. Where ruptible, inexorable, inflexible, intransigent, irreconcilable,
the law is uncertain, there is no law. Res est misera ubi jus narrow, obdurate, obstinate, orthodox, puritanic, puritani-
est vagum et incertum. It is a sorry state of affairs when cal, relentless, resolute, resolved, rigid, ruthless, severe,
law is vague and mutable. Incerta pro nullis habentur. steadfast, strict, stringent, unbending, unchangeable, unre-
Uncertain things are regarded as nothing. lenting, unremitting, unyielding

UNCERTAIN (Questionable), adjective arguable, con- UNCONCERNED, adjective aloof, apathetic, careless,
jectural, contestable, contingent, controvertible, debatable, casual, cold, cold-blooded, contemptuous, cool, cruel, dere-
disputable, doubtful, dubious, equivocal, insecure, liable to lict, disinterested, dispassionate, distant, free from anxiety,
question, not sure, open to discussion, open to question, frigid, hard-hearted, heartless, heedless, icy, impartial, inac-
precarious, problematic, problematical, provisional, sus- cessible, incurious, indifferent, insensitive, insouciant, lax,
pect, suspicious, tentative, unconfirmed, undecided, unde- listless, negligent, neutral, nonchalant, obdurate, passionless,
termined, unreliable, unsettled, unsure, untrustworthy perfunctory, phlegmatic, remiss, serene, sluggish, stoical,
stolid, stony, supercilious, thick-skinned, thoughtless, torpid,
UNCERTAINTY, noun ambiguity, ambivalence, chance, truant, unabashed, unaffected, unalarmed, unapprehensive,
confusion, contingency, darkness, desultoriness, dilemma, uncaring, unconcerned, undaunted, undismayed, unemo-
dimness, doubt, doubtfulness, dubiousness, equivocation, tional, unfeeling, uninquisitive, uninterested, uninvolved,
faintness, feebleness, gamble, hazard, hesitancy, hesitation, unmindful, unmoved, unperturbed, unresponsive, unshrink-
improbability, incertitude, inconstancy, incredulity, indeci- ing, unsolicitous, unsusceptible, unsympathetic, untroubled
sion, indefiniteness, indetermination, insecurity, instability, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: failure to cooperate, recalcitrant witness

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UNCONDITIONAL, adjective absolute, categorical, UNCONTESTED, adjective accepted, admitted, axiom-

complete, not limited by conditions, purus, simplex, un- atic, believed, incontestable, incontrovertible, indubitable,
bounded, unchecked, unconfined, unqualified, unrestricted, irrefragable, irrefutable, not argued over, not challenged, not
utter, without conditions, without reservations disputed, sine certamine, unchallengeable, unchallenged,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: unconditional claim, unconditional uncontradicted, uncontroversial, uncontroverted, undeni-
guaranty, unconditional pardon, unconditional payment, able, undisputed, undoubted, unquestionable, unquestioned
unconditional promise, unconditional refusal ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: uncontested action, uncontested di-
vorce, uncontested election
UNCONDITIONAL AUTHORITY, noun alternatives, ar-
tistic license, authority, blanket permission, carte blanche, UNCONTROLLABLE, adjective bullheaded, carried
civil liberty, decontrols, deregulation, discretion, emanci- away, disobedient, disorderly, fractious, frenzied, head-
pation, franchise, free choice, free will, freedom of choice, strong, hysterical, impetuous, impotens, incorrigible, indoc-
lack of censorship, laissez-faire, latitude, liberation, liberty, ile, indomitable, insuppressible, insurgent, intractable, irre-
license, noninterference, nonintervention, openness, per- pressible, irresistable, lawless, mulish, obdurate, obstinate,
mission, prerogative, privilege, right of selection, self-de- obstreperous, opinionated, out of control, rampageous,
termination, self-direction, unbridled discretion, uncon- rampant, recalcitrant, refractory, restive, riotous, rowdy,
straint, unrestraint, unrestricted use stubborn, troublesome, unappeasable, ungovernable, un-
malleable, unmanageable, unrestrainable, unruly, unsub-
UNCONFIRMED, adjective inconclusive, indecisive, missive, untoward, violent, wild, willful
unascertained, unattested, unauthenticated, uncertain, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: uncontrollable impulse
uncertified, unchecked, uncorroborated, undemonstrated,
unestablished, unproved, unproven, unratified, unsettled, UNCONTROVERTED, adjective beyond doubt, doubt-
unshown, unsubstantiated, unsupported, untried, unvali- less, indubious, past dispute, unchallenged, uncontested,
dated, unverified, unwitnessed uncontradicted, undisputed, undoubted, unquestioned
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: uncontroverted fact, uncontroverted
UNCONFORMABLE, adjective discordant, discrepant, truth
disparate, disproportionate, dissident, dissimilar, eccentric,
inadjustable, inapplicable, inappropriate, incommensurate, UNCORROBORATED, adjective unattested, unau-
incompatible, incongruent, incongruous, inconsistent, in- thenticated, unauthorative, unconfirmed, undemonstrated,
consonant, irreconcilable, irreducible, irregular, lawless, unofficial, unproven, unratified, unsubstantiated, unsup-
nonconforming, original, peculiar, repugnant, rigid, unique, ported, unvalidated, unverified
unorthodox, unrelated ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: uncorroborated evidence, uncorrobo-
rated fact
UNCONNECTED, adjective absonant, alien, apart, bro-
ken, collateral, desultory, detached, disconnected, discon- UNCOUTH, adjective agrestis, awkward, barbaric, bar-
tinued, discontinuous, disengaged, disjoined, disjunctive, barous, boorish, brutish, callow, churlish, clownish, clumsy,
disparate, distinct, disunited, divided, foreign, gratuitous, coarse, crass, crude, discourteous, doltish, gawky, grace-
inapposite, incongruous, inconsequential, inconsistent, in- less, gross, heavy-handed, ill-bred, ill-mannered, impolite,
dependent, individual, insular, irrelative, irrelevant, iso- incultus, indelicate, inelegant, loutish, plebeian, rough,
lated, loose, obscure, parted, remote, removed, segregate, rude, rudis, rustic, strange, uncivil, uncourteous, uncourtly,
separate, separated, solitary, sundered, unaffiliated, unal- uncultivated, uncultured, ungainly, ungentlemanly, unman-
lied, unassociated, unattached, unrelated, without context nerly, unpolished, unrefined, unseemly, vulgar
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: unconnected subjects in a bill
UNCURBED, adjective abandoned, effrenatus, effu-
UNCONSCIONABLE, adjective atrocious, blackguard, sus, incontinent, infrenatus, irresponsible, lawless, lax,
completely unreasonable, conniving, conscienceless, cor- licentious, out of control, out of hand, reinless, unac-
rupt, criminal, designing, dishonest, dishonorable, disin- countable, unanswerable, unbound, unbridled, unchained,
genuous, excessive, exorbitant, extreme, grievous, unchecked, unconfined, unconstrained, uncontrolled, un-
grossly unjust, immoderate, impermissible, incomprehen- disciplined, ungoverned, unhindered, unimpeded, unin-
sible, indefensible, inequitable, inexcusable, inexpiable, hibited, unmuzzled, unobstructed, unprevented, un-
inordinate, intemperate, intriguing, knavish, monstrous, reined, unrepressed, unrestrained, unruly, unshackled,
outrageous, preposterous, rascally, reprehensible, schem- unsuppressed
ing, tricky, unbalanced, unconscienced, undue, unequal,
unethical, unfair, unforgivable, unjust, unjustifiable, unpar- UNDAUNTED, adjective bold, brave, courageous, dar-
donable, unprincipled, unreasonable, unscrupulous, un- ing, dauntless, doughty, dreadless, fearless, firm, gallant,
warrantable, wrong gritty, heroic, impavidus, indefatigable, indomitable, inter-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: unconscionable bargain, unconscio- ritus, intrepid, intrepidus, mettlesome, perseverant, perse-
nable conduct, unconscionable contract vering, persistent, persisting, resolute, stalwart, steady,
stouthearted, tireless, unafraid, unalarmed, unapprehen-
UNCONSCIONABILITY, noun amoral action, evil ac- sive, unblenched, unconcerned, undiscouraged, undis-
tion, immoral action, inconceivableness, indefensibleness, mayed, unfaltering, unfearing, unflinching, unfrightened,
inexcusableness, inexpiableness, shameless action, unethi- unrelenting, unshaken, unshrinking, unsubdued, unterri-
cal actoin, unfair action, unfounded action, unprincipled fied, untimid, valiant, valorous
action, unreasonable action, unreasonableness, unscrupu-
lous action, unwarranted action, wicked action UNDECIDED, adjective ambiguous, ambiguus, change-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: contract of adhesion, enforcement of ful, contestable, debatable, disputable, doubtful, doubting,
contracts, integration clause, unconscionable bargain, un- drawn, dubious, dubius, hesitant, incertus, indecisive, in-
conscionable conduct definite, irresolute, moot, open, pending, problematical,

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 UNDEFINABLE

questionable, speculative, tentative, unascertained, uncer- UNDERMINE, verb deaden, debilitate, devitalize, dull,
tain, unconvinced, undetermined, unfixed, unresolved, un- enervate, enfeeble, eviscerate, extenuate, harm, impair,
settled, unsure, vacillating, vacillatory, vague, wavering incapacitate, injure, mitigate, negate, rattle, reduce, ruin,
sabotage, sap the foundation out of, sap the strength out
UNDEFINABLE, adjective esoteric, indefinable, inde- of, subvert, unnerve, unstrengthen, weaken
scribable, indeterminate, indistinct, ineffable, inexplicable, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: undermine credibility
inexpressible, unexplainable, untranslatable, vague
UNDERSIGNED, noun attestant, attester, author, cov-
UNDENIABLE, adjective axiomatic, axiomatical, beyond enanter, endorser, petitioner, ratifier, signatory, signer, sub-
a doubt, beyond all question, beyond dispute, certain, clear, scriber, supporter
compelling, conclusive, convincing, demonstrable, estab-
lished, evidens, evident, firm, haud dubius, inappealable, UNDERSTAND, verb absorb, apperceive, appreciate,
incontestable, incontrovertible, indisputable, indubitable, in- apprehend, assimilate, be apprised, be informed, cognize,
escapable, infallible, irrefragable, irrefutable, obvious, past comprehend, conceive, conclude, conjecture, deduce, di-
dispute, proven, sound, unanswerable, unavoidable, unim- gest, discern, fathom, gather, glean, grasp, infer, intellegere,
peachable, unquestionable internalize, know, learn, master, perceive, retain, take to mean
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: express understanding, want of un-
UNDEPENDABLE, adjective capricious, careless, change- derstanding
able, deceitful, dishonest, double-dealing, erratic, fickle, fluc-
tuating, frivolous, inconstant, irresponsible, mercurial, open UNDERSTANDABLE, adjective comprehensible, know-
to error, perfidious, shifty, slippery, tergiversating, timeserv- able
ing, treacherous, two-faced, uncertain, unpredictable, unreli-
able, unstable, unsteadfast, unsteady, unsure, untrustworthy, UNDERSTANDING (Agreement), noun accord, accor-
vacillating, variable, wavering dance, alliance, arrangement, common view, compact,
compliance, concord, concordance, congruence, consenta-
UNDER ARREST, noun captured, caught, collared, com- neity, contract, cooperation, covenant, harmony, likemind-
mitted, confined, constrained, detained, held, held in cus- edness, meeting of minds, mutual pledge, pact, rapport,
tody, immurred, imprisoned, incarcerated, interned, jailed, unanimity
kept in custody, legally restrained, made captive, made pris- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: express understanding, understand-
oner, remanded, remanded into custody, restrained, seized, ing of the parties
sent to prison, taken, taken by force by the authorities, taken FOREIGN PHRASES: Conventio facit legem. An agreement
into custody creates the law; i.e., the parties to a binding contract will be
held to their promises.
UNDER OATH, adjective adjure, affirm, allege under
oath, assert as true, assure under oath, authenticate under UNDERSTANDING (Comprehension), noun appercep-
oath, aver, avow, bear witness under oath, bind by oath, tion, apprehension, assimilation, awareness, conception,
certify under oath, confirm under oath, declare under oath, discernment, grasp, ingenium, insight, intelligence, knowl-
declare solemnly, declare as true under oath, maintain edge, mens, mental ability, perception, power to under-
under oath, promise under oath, provide evidence under stand, prehension, realization, reason, recognition, sense,
oath, put one’s trust in state, state under oath, vouch, vow wisdom
under oath ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: intent, want of understanding
FOREIGN PHRASES: Sermones semper accipiendi sunt se-
UNDERESTIMATE, verb belittle, deprecate, depreciate, cundum subjectam materiam et conditionem persona-
detract from, discredit, disesteem, disparage, do scant jus- rum. Language is always to be understood according to its
tice to, make light of, minimize, minoris aestimare, minoris subject matter and the condition of the person. Probationes
facere, misjudge, misprize, rate below the true value, rate debent esse evidentes, id est, perspicuae et faciles in-
too low, run down, set at naught, set little store by, slight, telligi. Proofs ought to be evident, that is, clear and easily
think too little of, underprice, underprize, underrate, under- understood. Quod tacite intelligitur deesse non videtur.
reckon, undervalue What is tacitly understood does not appear to be wanting.

UNDERHANDED, adjective against the rules, back- UNDERSTANDING (Tolerance), noun acceptance, al-
room, bad, below-the-belt, calculating, clandestine, cloak- truism, benevolence, charitableness, compassion, condona-
and dagger, corrupt, covert, criminal, crooked, cunning, tion, consideration, empathy, good will, humanity, indul-
deceitful, designing, dishonest, dishonorable, double- gence, kindliness, lack of prejudice, mercy, patience,
dealing, felonious, furtive, guileful, illegal, illicit, immoral, sensitivity, sufferance, sympathy, toleration
insidious, malfeasant, perfidious, plotting, scheming, se-
cret, shady, slippery, sly, sneaking, stealthy, surreptitious, UNDERSTATEMENT, noun conservative estimate,
treacherous, unauthorized, unconscionable, undercover, grossly inadequate representation, minimization, misrepre-
underground, underhand, under-the-counter, under-the- sentation, underestimation, undervaluation
table, unfair, unlawful, unobtrusive, unscrupulous, wily,
wrong, wrongful UNDERTAKE, verb accept, address oneself to, agree,
answer for, apply oneself to, assume, attempt, be answer-
UNDERLYING, adjective based on, basic, built on, able for, begin, carry on, carry out, commence, commit,
deep-rooted, elemental, elementary, essential, fundamen- commit oneself to, contract, covenant, devote oneself to,
tal, latent, not evident, obscure, original, primal, primary, embark upon, endeavor, engage in, enter into, enter upon,
rudimentary, supporting, undermost, unseen execute, go in for, guarantee, in se recipere, incur a duty,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: underlying contract, underlying fact, indent, indenture, initiate, launch, make an effort, obligate
underlying obligation oneself, pledge, pledge one’s word, promise, pursue, set

630
 UNDYING

about, set in motion, start, strive, suscipere, tackle, take in question, certain, certus, conclusive, doubtless, haud du-
hand, take up, take upon oneself, try, venture, vow bius, incontestable, incontrovertible, indisputable, indubita-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: overt act ble, irrefragable, irrefutable, past dispute, positive, question-
less, trusted, unanswerable, unchallengeable, unchallenged,
UNDERTAKING (Attempt), noun design, effort, plan, uncontroversial, undebatable, undeniable, undoubted, un-
purpose, quest, search, task undertaken, trial questioned, without doubt, without question
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: undisputed fact
UNDERTAKING (Bond), noun pledge, security
UNDISTORTED, adjective authentic, direct, exact,
UNDERTAKING (Business), noun engagement, enter- faithful, genuine, natural, original, right, scrupulous,
prise, project, pursuit, task, transaction, venture straight, true, true to nature, truthful, unbiased, undeviat-
ing, undisguised, unembroidered, unexaggerated, un-
UNDERTAKING (Commitment), noun agreement, con- faked, unfictitious, unjaundiced, unperverted, unpreju-
tract, obligation, pledge diced, unswerving, unwarped, veracious

UNDERTAKING (Enterprise), noun adventure, affair, at- UNDO, verb abolish, abrogate, annul, answer, cancel,
tempt, business, coeptum, concern, effort, emprise, en- counteract, counterbalance, countermand, debug, decode,
deavor, engagement, essay, exercise, inceptum, job, move, decrypt, defeat, destroy, disestablish, declare null and void,
occupation, operation, plan, program, project, pursuit, dispense with, eliminate, impeach, invalidate, neutralize,
quest, search, task, trial, venture nullify, obviate, offset, put an end to, quash, ravel, remove,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: joint undertaking repeal, rescind, resolve, retract, reverse, revoke, ruin, ter-
minate, thwart, unravel, untangle, untwist, unweave, va-
UNDERTAKING (Pledge), noun agreement, assurance, cate, vitiate, worst
avowal, commitment, compact, contract, covenant, engage- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: undo charges, undo the law
ment, guarantee, insurance, oath, obligation, parole, pledged
word, promise, security, stipulation, troth, vow, warrant, word UNDUE (Excessive), adjective disproportionate, ex-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: bail undertaking, insufficiency of un- ceeding propriety, excessive, exorbitant, extravagant, ex-
dertaking, statutory undertaking, undertaking treme, ill-advised, immoderate, immodicus, improper, in-
appropriate, indecorous, inordinate, needless, nimius,
UNDERWRITE, verb agree to support, assume a risk, objectionable, out of bounds, outrageous, overmuch, pro-
ensure, back, consent to support, countersign, endorse, fi- fuse, superfluous, unbecoming, unbefitting, uncalled-for,
nance, fund, guarantee, guaranty, insure, pledge, promise, undeserved, unfit, unjustified, unmerited, unnecessary, un-
secure, shoulder, sponsor, support, take responsibility, un- needed, unreasonable, unseemly, unsuitable, unwarranted
dertake, uphold, vouch for ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: undue influence

UNDESIRABLE, adjective abominable, annoying, bother- UNDUE (Not owing), adjective not mature, not yet
some, defective, disadvantageous, disagreeable, disliked, due, not yet payable, premature, unowed, unseasonable,
displeasing, distasteful, dreaded, exceptionable, improper, untimely
inadvisable, inappropriate, incommodious, inconvenient, in-
eligible, inexpedient, insufferable, intolerable, loathed, loath- UNDUE DELAY, noun culpability, default, delay, dere-
some, objectionable, obnoxious, out of character, out of keep- liction, dilatoriness, disregard, dutilessness, impropriety,
ing, outcast, rejected, repellent, repulsive, scorned, shunned, inattention, indifference, laches, laxity, neglect, neglectful-
thankless, troublesome, unacceptable, unalluring, unappeal- ness, negligence, noncompliance, non observance, non-
ing, unapprovable, unattractive, unbecoming, unbefitting, performance, peccadillo, procrastination, tardiness
unfit, uninviting, unlikable, unmeet, unpalatable, unpleasant, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: undue delay as cause for a dismissal
unpleasing, unpopular, unsatisfactory, unseemly, unsought,
unsuitable, unwanted, unwelcome, unwished, unworthy UNDUE INFLUENCE, noun absolutism, arbitrary power,
coercion, compulsion, conscription, constraint, despotism,
UNDIMINISHED, adjective in full force, indelibatus, in- dominance, domination, duress, enforcement, high-pres-
libatus, intact, integer, not decreased, not lessened, un- sure methods, impelling, impressment, inducement, insis-
abated, unallayed, unceasing, uncut, undamaged, undi- tence, necessitation, predominance, pressure, repression,
vided, unfaded, unimpaired, unincreased, unlessened, subjugation
unreduced, unretarded, unsevered, unweakened, unworn, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: exertion of undue influence, invalida-
whole, without loss tion of a will

UNDISCLOSED, adjective concealed, covert, hidden, UNDULY, adverb excessively, exorbitantly, extremely,
invisible, latent, mysterious, occult, sealed, secret, sup- immoderately, inordinately, intemperately, overly
pressed, tacit, ulterior, unaired, unannounced, unapparent, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: unduly harsh criminal sanctions
unbreathed, uncommunicated, unconveyed, undeclared,
undetected, undivulged, unexplained, unexposed, unex- UNDYING, adjective abiding, ceaseless, constant, con-
pressed, unheralded, unimparted, unknown, unmentioned, tinuing, continuous, deathless, endless, eternal, fadeless,
unproclaimed, unpronounced, unpublicized, unpublished, immortal, imperishable, impregnable, incessant, indefatiga-
unrevealed, unsaid, unseen, untalked of, untold, unvoiced ble, indelible, indestructible, indivisible, ineffaceable, in-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: undisclosed interest, undisclosed eradicable, inerasable, inexpugnable, inextinguishable, invul-
principal nerable, lasting, never-dying, never-ending, never-fading,
nonperishable, permanent, perpetual, persistent, protracted,
UNDISPUTED, adjective absolute, accepted, acknowl- sustained, unceasing, undiminished, undying, unending,
edged, assured, axiomatic, believed, beyond doubt, beyond unfading, unremitting, untiring, unwavering

631
 UNEMOTIONAL

UNEMOTIONAL, adjective aloof, anesthetized, apa- UNETHICAL, adjective corrupt, corruptible, dishonest,
thetic, arctic, callous, calm, catatonic, chilly, cold, cold- dishonorable, disreputable, ignoble, immoral, inglorious,
blooded, coldhearted, composed, cool, demure, dispas- questionable, shady, uncommendable, unconscionable,
sionate, distant, emotionless, formal, frigid, frosted, frosty, underhanded, unfair, unprincipled, unprofessional, unscru-
frozen, hardened, heartless, impassive, imperturbable, im- pulous, unworthy, wrong
pervious, indifferent, languid, neutral, nonchalant, obdurate,
passionless, reserved, restrained, reticent, sedate, self-ab- UNEXPECTED, adjective abrupt, accidental, astonish-
sorbed, self-centered, self-controlled, sober, soulless, spirit- ing, chance, extemperaneous, extempore, fortuitous, im-
less, staid, stiff, stoical, thick-skinned, unaffectionate, unex- petuous, impromptu, impulsive, inexpectatus, insperatus,
citable, unfeeling, unimpassioned, unimpressionable, instantaneous, precipitate, shocking, startling, subitaneous,
unmoved, unperturbed, unresponsive, unruffled, unstirred, sudden, surprising, unannounced, unanticipated, un-
unsusceptible, unsympathetic awaited, uncontemplated, undesigned, unforeseen, unher-
alded, unintended, unintentional, unlooked for, unpre-
UNEMPLOYED, adjective disengaged, disused, doing dicted, unpremeditated, unprepared for, unthought of,
nothing, idle, inactive, jobless, leisured, not employed, not untimely, unusual
working, otiosus, out of employment, out of work, unen-
gaged, unoccupied, unused, vacuus, without employment, UNEXPIRED TERM, noun remaining period, remaining
workless time, residual time, surplus time, unelapsed period
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: unemployment insurance
UNFAIR, adjective biased, fraudulent, inequitable, in-
UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE, noun coverage for the iquitous, jaundiced, not equitable, one-sided, prejudiced,
unemployed, insurance coverage for the unemployed, unequal, uneven, unjust, unprincipled, unreasonable, un-
promise to pay benefits for the unemployed, unemploy- sporting, weighted
ment benefits, unemployment compensation ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: unfair advantage, unfair claim prac-
tices, unfair competition, unfair labor practices, unfair pro-
UNENCUMBERED, adjective clear, disembarrassed, ceedings, unfair trade
free, no encumbrances, no liens, unburdened, unhampered,
unhindered, unimpeded, unobstructed UNFAIR PREJUDICE, noun evidence that may lead to
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: title an unfair decision, excessive prejudice, intolerable preju-
dice, reversible prejudice, undue prejudice
UNENDURABLE, adjective displeasing, excessive, ex-
treme, impalatable, impossible, insufferable, intolerable, UNFAVORABLE, adjective adverse, adversus, antago-
objectionable, obnoxious, offensive, past bearing, past en- nistic, bad, calamitous, contrary, damaging, derogatory,
during, unacceptable, unbearable, undesirable, unpalatable, deterrent, disadvantageous, disapprobatory, discouraging,
unpleasant, unsavory disparaging, foul, hopeless, hostile, ill-boding, ill-disposed,
ill-omened, impedimental, impedimentary, impedimen-
UNEQUAL (Unequivalent), adjective different, differ- tive, inadvisable, inappropriate, inauspicious, inclement,
ing, dispar, disparate, disproportionate, dissimilar, impar, inconvenient, indisposed, inexpedient, infelicitous, inhibi-
inaequalis, irregular, unbalanced, uneven, unlike, un- tive, inimical, iniquus, inopportune, malapropos, malign,
matched misfortunate, noxious, ominous, opposed, poor, prejudi-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: unequal bargaining powers cial, repugnant, sinister, unfortunate, unfriendly, unlucky,
unpromising, unpropitious, unsatisfactory, unsuited, un-
UNEQUAL (Unjust), adjective biased, inequitable, influ- timely, untoward
enced, jaundiced, one-sided, partial, prejudiced, prepos-
sessed, unfair, unjustifiable UNFIT, adjective badly qualified, foolish, ill-adapted,
ill-advised, impertinent, improper, inadequate, inadvis-
UNEQUIVOCAL, adjective absolute, categorical, cer- able, inapplicable, inapposite, inappropriate, inapt, inca-
tain, clear, clear-cut, decided, defined, definite, downright, pable, incommodus, incompetent, incongruous, inconve-
evident, explicit, forthright, inappealable, incontestable, nient, indignus, ineligible, inept, inexpedient, inexpert,
incontrovertible, indisputable, indubitable, irrefragable, ir- injudicious, inopportune, inutile, inutilis, irrelevant, malad-
refutable, outright, peremptory, plain, positive, straightfor- justed, malapropros, objectionable, out of keeping, out of
ward, sure, unambiguous, unanswerable, unchallenged, place, unable, unadapted, unbecoming, unbefitting, unde-
undeniable, undisputed, unmistakable, unqualified, un- sirable, undue, unequipped, unfitting, unlikely, unpre-
questionable, utter pared, unpromising, unqualified, unseemly, unsuitable,
unsuited, unusable, unwise, unworthy, useless, valueless,
UNERRING, adjective accurate, actual, authentic, cer- wrong
tain, correct, errorless, exact, factual, faultless, flawless, iner- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: unfit for consumption, unfit for occu-
rable, inerrant, not liable to err, on target, on the beam, pancy, unfit parent
perfect, positive, precise, real, right, sound, sure, true, unfail-
ing, valid, veracious UNFLAGGING, adjective ardent, assiduous, continu-
ing, decided, determined, diligent, earnest, enduring, en-
UNESSENTIAL, adjective adventicius, dispensable, ex- ergetic, faithful, fervent, firm, fixed, gritty, hard, hardwork-
traneous, extrinsic, immaterial, inapposite, incidental, incon- ing, immutable, inalterable, indefatigable, indomitable,
sequential, inconsiderable, insignificant, irrelevant, meaning- insistent, intent, invincible, laborious, lasting, loyal, never
less, minor, needless, negligible, nonessential, of no account, idle, never-tiring, perseverant, persevering, persistent, per-
of no consequence, secondary, superfluous, trifling, trivial, sisting, pertinacious, plugging, purposeful, relentless, reso-
uncalled-for, unimportant, unnecessary, unneeded lute, resolved, sedulous, single-minded, staunch, steadfast,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: minimis steady, strenuous, stubborn, tenacious, tireless, undaunted,

632
 UNION

undeviating, undiscouraged, unfailing, unfaltering, unflinch- unthinking, unvigilant, unwarned, unwary, unwatched, un-
ing, unhesitating, uninterrupted, unrelenting, unremitting, watchful, unwise, vulnerable, weaponless
unsleeping, unswerving, untiring, unwavering, unwearied, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: abandonment
unyielding, vehement, zealous
UNHEARD OF, adjective atypical, different, excep-
UNFORESEEABLE, adjective contrary to expectations, tional, exemplary, extraordinary, first, first ever, improbable,
improbable, startling, subitaneous, sudden, surprise, unac- incomparable, matchless, never before encountered, new,
countable, unanticipated, uncertain, unexpected, unin- not to be expected, novel, of its own kind, original, out of
tended, unlooked for, unplanned, unprecedented, unpre- the ordinary, out of the pale, out-of-the-way, rare, remark-
dictable, unpredicted, unprepared for, unthought of, able, sensational, singular, strange, surprising, tremendous,
unusual, unwonted unaccustomed, uncommon, uncustomary, unequaled, un-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: unforseeable consequences, unforsee- exampled, unexpected, unfamiliar, unheard of, unique,
able events unknown, unmatched, unparalleled, unprecedented, un-
thought of, unusual
UNFORESEEN, adjective accidental, sudden, surprise,
unanticipated, undesigned, unexpected, unheralded, unin- UNIFORM, adjective aequabilis, alike, compatible, con-
tended, unpredicted, unthought of formable, consistent, consonant, constans, constant, con-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: unforeseen cause, unforeseen difficul- ventional, correspondent, equable, equal, even, harmoni-
ties, unforeseen event, unforeseen peril ous, homogeneous, identical, invariable, matched, orderly,
orthodox, regular, same, similar, standard, steady, system-
UNFORESEEN CIRCUMSTANCES, adjective atypical, atic, unaltered, unchanging, undeviating, undiversified, uni-
different, exceptional, extraordinary, first, first ever, im- versal, unswerving, unvaried, unvarying, well-matched
probable, incomparable, matchless, never before encoun- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: uniform accounting system, Uniform
tered, new, not to be expected, novel, of its own kind, off Act, Uniform Commercial Code, Uniform Fiduciaries Act,
the beaten track, offbeat, original, out of the ordinary, out uniform laws, uniformity of laws, uniform operation of laws,
of the pale, out-of-the-way, rare, remarkable, sensational, uniform rate of taxation, uniform rates, uniform rule of
singular, strange, surprising, tremendous, unaccustomed, taxation, uniform sales, uniform taxation
uncommon, uncustomary, unequaled, unexampled, unex-
pected, unfamiliar, unheard of, unique, unmatched, unpar- UNIFORMITY, noun absence of diversity, absence of
alleled, unprecedented, unthought-of, unusual variation, conformity, consistency, constancy, continuity,
equability, evenness, homogeneity, levelness, order, per-
UNFORTUNATE, adjective bad, bad timing, counterpro- sistence, regularity, singleness, smoothness, stability, stan-
ductive, dire, discommodious, down on one’s luck, failed, dardization, symmetry, unity
failing, fatal, fortuneless, fruitless, futile, hapless, hopeless,
ill-considered, ill-timed, impolitic, impracticable, impracti- UNILATERAL, adjective independent, lone, not recip-
cal, inadvisable, inappropriate, inapt, inauspicious, inconve- rocal, one-sided, single, singular, unaided
nient, ineffectual, inefficacious, inexpedient, infelicitous, in- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: unilateral action, unilateral contract,
opportune, intrusive, jinxed, luckless, malfunctioning, unilateral mistake
miscarried, miscarrying, mistimed, off-base, ominous, out of
luck, pathetic, pitiable, poor, sad, too late, unbefitting, under UNIMPEACHABLE, adjective above reproach, ap-
adverse circumstances, underprivileged, undesirable, unfa- proved, believable, beyond reproach, blameless, commend-
vorable, unlucky, unprofitable, unpropitious, unseasonable, able, credible, creditable, excellent, faultless, guiltless, ideal,
unseemly, unsuccessful, unsuitable, untimely, unworkable, impeccable, incontestable, incontrovertible, inculpable, inde-
useless feasable, innocent, irrefragable, irrefutable, irreprehensible,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: Medicaid, welfare irreproachable, laudable, locuples, meritorious, noncontro-
versial, perfect, questionless, reputable, sanctus, sinless,
UNFOUNDED, adjective baseless, empty, erroneous, spotless, stainless, unable to be discredited, unassailable,
fabricated, fallacious, false, fictitious, fictus, fraudulent, unblamable, unblameworthy, unblemished, uncensurable,
groundless, idle, illogical, insubstantial, invented, spurious, unchallengeable, unconfutable, undeniable, undisputed, un-
suppositional, supposititious, trumped-up, unattested, un- doubted, unexceptionable, unmarred, unobjectionable, un-
authenticated, unestablished, ungrounded, unproven, un- questionable, unrefutable, untainted, upright, worthy
substantial, unsupportable, unsupported, untenable, un-
true, unwarranted, vanus, without basis, without foundation, UNINTENTIONAL, adjective accidental, adventitious,
without reality, without substance casual, chance, fortuitous, inadvertent, insciens, involun-
tary, purposeless, spontaneous, uncalculated, unconscious,
UNGUARDED (Direct), adjective aboveboard, brash, undeliberate, undesigned, unexpected, unforeseen, unin-
candid, frank, genuine, honest, indiscreet, open, open and tended, unknowing, unmeant, unpremeditated, unpur-
aboveboard, open and sincere, straightforward, up front poseful, unthinking, unwitting
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: unintentional act
UNGUARDED (Without protection), adjective careless,
defenseless, derelict, foolish, heedless, helpless, ill- UNION (Labor organization), noun affiliation, alliance
advised, ill-considered, imprudent, inadvertent, inatten- of workers, amalgamation, association, brotherhood, con-
tive, incautious, inconsiderate, indiscreet, injudicious, in- federacy, consociation, council, federation, fellowship, fra-
secure, irresponsible, lax, mindless, neglectful, neglecting, ternity, guild, league, organization, organized labor, sodal-
negligent, nonobservant, nonrestrictive, permissive, ity, trade association
pregnable, relaxed, remiss, slack, unattended, undefended, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: anti-union animus, craft union, inter-
unfortified, unheeding, unmindful, unobservant, unpro- national union, labor union, local union, trade union, union
tected, unscreened, unsheltered, unshielded, unsuspecting, membership, union shop

633
 UNION

UNION (Unity), noun accord, accordance, agreement, broad-based, complete, comprehensive, downright, ency-
coalition, coherence, combination, concert, concord, con- clopedic, endless, every aspect, every facet, exhaustive,
currence, congregatio, connection, consensus, consociatio, general, global, infinite, intensive, international, measure-
consolidation, cooperation, coupling, fusion, harmony, ho- less, omnibus, outright, overall, panoramic, sweeping, the
mogeneity, joining, junction, oneness, unification, unifor- entire gamut, the entire universe, thorough, total, unlim-
mity, unison ited, unqualified, unrestricted, whole, wholesale, wide-
spread, without exception
UNIQUE, adjective anomalous, atypical, beyond com- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: ius cogens, universal agar, universal
parison, bizarre, curious, different, dissimilar, exceptional, causation, universal representation
extraordinary, incomparable, individual, matchless, nonpa-
reil, nonuniform, novel, odd, original, peculiar, peerless, UNJUST, adjective biased, crooked, dishonorable,
rare, single, singular, singularis, sole, special, uncommon, heinous, immoral, improper, inequitable, influenced, iniq-
unconformable, unequaled, unexampled, unicus, unimita- uitous, iniquus, iniurius, iniustus, interested, jaundiced,
ted, unmatched, unparalleled, unprecedented, unrepeated, partial, prejudiced, prepossessed, undeserved, unequal,
unrivaled, unusual unfair, unjustifiable, unmerited, unprincipled, unreason-
able, unwarranted, venal, warped, wicked, wrong,
UNIT (Department), noun branch, division, group, staff wrongful
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: unjust decision, unjust enrichment,
UNIT (Item), noun ace, component, constituent, ele- unjust penalty, unjust sentence
ment, formation, integral, measure, monad, one, part,
piece, quantity UNJUST ENRICHMENT, noun improper benefit, im-
proper gain, inequitable benefit, inequitable gain, unde-
UNITE, verb act in concert, add, affiliate, agglomerate, served gain, unfair betterment, unfair gain, unfair profit,
agree, ally, amalgamate, amass, assemble, assimilate, as- unjustifiable gain, unmerited benefit, wrongful benefit
sociate, be one, become one, blend, bring together, ce-
ment, centralize, cluster, coact, coalesce, collect, combine, UNJUSTIFIABLE, adjective accusable, blameworthy,
come together, commingle, concur, confederate, conglom- censurable, chargeable, culpable, discreditable, dishonorable,
erate, congregate, coniungere, conjoin, connect, consoli- groundless, impeachable, indefensible, inexcusable, iniquus,
date, consubstantiate, converge, cooperate, coordinate, iniurius, iniustus, irremissible, objectionable, reprehensible,
copulare, couple, cowork, entwine, fall in with, form a unallowable, unforgivable, unjust, unjustified, unpardonable,
league, form a single unit, form an alliance, fuse, gather unreasonable, vicious, wicked, without excuse, wrong
together, group, grow together, harmonize, incorporate, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: unjustifiable cause, unjustifiable
interfuse, join, join forces, league, link, marry, mass, meet, claim, unjustifiable deviation
meld, merge, mingle, miscere, mix, pool, pull together,
reconcile, side with, solidify, syncretize, unify, wed UNKNOWINGLY, adverb adventitiously, fortuitously,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: join in an action, united in interest ignorantly, inadvertently, innocently, insensibly, unawares,
unconsciously, unintentionally, unmindfully, unsuspect-
UNITED, adjective affiliated, allied, amalgamated, as- ingly, unwittingly, witlessly
sociated, attached, banded together, blended, bonded,
cemented, coadunate, coexistent, coherent, cohesive, col- UNKNOWN, adjective alien, anonymous, concealed,
lective, combined, compatible, composite, compound, cryptic, esoteric, foreign, hidden, incognito, indetermi-
concerted, concordant, concurrent, conglomerate, con- nate, inscrutable, insoluble, insolvable, mysterious, name-
joint, conjunctive, connected, consolidated, coupled, fused, less, never experienced before, new, no credit to, novel,
harmonious, incorporated, indivisible, infrangible, insepa- obscure, secret, strange, to be announced, unaccounted
rable, interrelated, joined, joint, linked, merged, mutual, for, unascertained, undesignated, undetermined, undis-
one, solid, undivided covered, undistinguished, unfamiliar, unfixed, unheard-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: unitary trial, unity of interest, unity of of, unidentified, uninvestigated, unlabeled, unmeasured,
possession, unity of title unnamed, unnoted, unnoticed, unpopular, unrenowned,
unrevealed, unseen, unset, unsettled, unspecified, un-
UNITY, noun accordance, affinity, agreement, assent, studied, untold, untraced, untracked, withheld, without a
closeness, coherence, cohesion, community of interests, name
comradeship, concert, concord, concurrence, congeniality,
congruence, congruity, congruousness, consensus, consenta- UNLAWFUL, adjective actionable, against the law,
neity, consentaneousness, equivalence, feeling of identity, contraband, criminal, forbidden, illegal, illegitimate, illicit,
fellowship, fraternity, friendship, fusion, good feeling, good inlicitus, lawless, non legitimus, not allowed by law, out-
vibrations, good will, harmony, identity, inseparability, inte- lawed, prohibited, transgressive, unallowed, unauthorized,
grality, integration, integrity, kinship, likeness, mutual sup- unconstitutional, unlicensed, unsanctioned, unwarranted,
portiveness, mutuality, one voice, oneness, rapport, reciproc- vetitus, wrongful, wrongous
ity, resemblance, sameness, selfsameness, sharing, similarity, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: unlawful accumulation, unlawful act,
similitude, simplicity, singleness, singularity, solidarity, solidi- unlawful assembly, unlawful combination, unlawful con-
fication, solidity, team spirit, togetherness, unanimity, under- tract, unlawful detainer, unlawful detention, unlawful en-
standing, unification, uniformity, union, unison, uniting richment, unlawful entrapment, unlawful entry, unlawful
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: unity of interest, unity of possession, flight, unlawful force, unlawful picketing
unity of title FOREIGN PHRASES: Ex pacto illicito non oritur actio. From
an unlawful agreement, no action will lie.
UNIVERSAL, adjective absolute, across-the-board, all-
comprehensive, all-embracing, all-encompassing, all-in- UNLESS, preposition except, excepting, however,
cluding, all-inclusive, all-pervading, blanket, boundless, precluding, save, without

634
 UNPREJUDICED

UNLIKE, adjective alien, contrary, deviative, different, UNOFFICIAL, adjective casual, informal, not to be
differing, discordant, discrepant, disparate, dissimilar, dis- quoted, off the record, personal, unauthoritative, unauthor-
tinct, distinctive, divergent, diverse, heterogeneous, ill- ized, unendorsed, without authority, without ceremony
matched, incongruous, irreconcilable, irrelative, not com- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: unofficial ruling
parable, opposite, peculiar, unalike, unequal, unidentical,
unrelated, unresembling, unsimilar, variant, varied UNORTHODOX, adjective a ceteris dissentire, aber-
rant, anomalous, deviative, different, divergent, eccentric,
UNLIMITED, adjective boundless, endless, free, immea- heretical, heterodox, irregular, lawless, out of step, unac-
surable, immensus, incalculable, indefinite, inexhaustible, cepted, unapproved, uncanonical, uncommon, unconform-
infinite, infinitus, interminable, limitless, measureless, per- able, unconventional, unfashionable, unobservant, unusual
petual, termless, unbounded, unchecked, unconditional,
unconfined, uncontrolled, unending, unfathomable, univer- UNPAID, adjective due, free, given, gratis, gratu-
sal, unrestrained, unrestricted, untold, vast, without num- itous, in arrears, outstanding, owing, payable, uncollected,
ber uncompensated, undischarged, unrecompensed, unremu-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: unlimited liability nerated, unrequited, unrewarded, unsalaried, unsettled,
volunteer
UNMANAGEABLE (Cumbersome), adjective awkward,
beyond control, bulky, difficult, impractical, incommodious, UNPALATABLE, adjective abrasive, bitter, disagree-
inconvenient, not disciplined, out of hand, uncomfortable, able, dislikable, displeasing, distasteful, foul-tasting, hos-
ungainly, unhandy, unruly tile, ill-flavored, inedible, noisome, objectionable, obnox-
ious, offensive, rancid, repellent, repelling, repugnant,
UNMANAGEABLE (Defiant), adjective incorrigible, in- repulsive, revolting, savorless, sour, unappealing, unappe-
docile, indomitable, insuppressible, irascible, irrepressible, tizing, undesirable, unfriendly, uninviting, unlikable, un-
obstreperous, out of hand, rebellious, recalcitrant, refrac- pleasant, unpleasing, unsavory, unwelcome
tory, resistant, resisting, uncontrollable, uncooperative,
ungovernable, unreconstructed, untamable, unyielding UNPARALLELED, adjective best, beyond compare,
beyond comparison, cardinal, exceptional, extraordinary,
UNMARKETABLE, adjective not readily salable, non- incomparable, inestimable, inimitable, invaluable, isolated,
salable, unsalable, unvendible leading, major, marvelous, matchless, nonconforming,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: unmarketable title nonpareil, outstanding, paramount, peerless, phenomenal,
premium, prime, prodigious, rare, remarkable, singular,
UNMISTAKABLE, adjective apparent, autoptic, autop- special, stupendous, superior, superlative, unapproach-
tical, bald, certain, clear, conclusive, conspicuous, decided, able, uncommon, unequaled, unexampled, unexcelled,
defined, distinct, distinguishable, evident, explicit, ex- unheard of, unique, unmatched, unparagoned, unprece-
press, glaring, identifiable, indubitable, intelligible, known, dented, unrivaled, unsurpassed, unusual, without parallel,
lucid, manifest, notorious, obvious, open, overt, palpable, wonderful
patent, perspicuous, plain, positive, pronounced, recog-
nizable, sure, unambiguous, unconcealed, unconfusing, UNPOLITIC, adjective careless, clumsy, foolish, hare-
uncontestable, undeniable, undisguised, undoubted, un- brained, hasty, heedless, ill-advised, ill-judged, impolitic,
equivocal, unquestionable, visible, well-defined improvident, imprudent, incautious, inconsiderate, indis-
creet, inexpedient, injudicious, rash, reckless, senseless,
UNMITIGATED, adjective absolute, complete, consum- stupid, tactless, temerarious, undiplomatic, unsagacious,
mate, downright, exhaustive, full, intensive, plenary, rank, unshrewd, untactful, unwary, unwise
rigid, severe, sheer, stark, thorough, unbounded, uncondi-
tional, unqualified, unsoftened, unsuppressed, untamed, UNPRECEDENTED, adjective anomalous, exceptional,
untempered, unyielding, utter extraordinary, first, inauditus, incomparable, initial, miracu-
lous, modern, new, newfangled, novel, novus, original,
UNNECESSARY, adjective auxiliary, avoidable, dis- rare, singular, uncustomary, unequaled, unexampled, unex-
pensable, excess, excessive, expendable, expletive, extra, pected, unfamiliar, unheard of, unique, unknown, un-
extraneous, extrinsic, gratuitous, inessential, irrelevant, matched, unparalleled, unrivaled, untraditional, unusual
needless, non necessarius, noncompulsory, optional, over-
much, redundant, spare, supererogative, supererogatory, UNPREDICTABLE, adjective aberrant, arbitrary, capri-
superfluous, supervacaneus, supervacuus, supplemental, cious, causeless, changeable, changeful, deviative, eccentric,
supplementary, surplus, uncalled-for, uncritical, unessen- erratic, fanciful, fickle, fitful, incalculable, inconstant, irregular,
tial, unimportant, unneeded, unrequired mercurial, mutable, random, spasmodic, speculative, unac-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: unnecessary force countable, uncertain, undependable, uneven, unexpected,
unforeseeable, unmethodical, unreliable, unstable, unstead-
UNOBJECTIONABLE, adjective acceptable, adequate, fast, unsteady, unsure, unsystematic, variable, vicissitudi-
admissible, allowable, condonable, defensible, harmless, in- nous, wavering
offensive, irreprehensible, irreproachable, irreprovable, pass-
able, satisfactory, tolerable, unblameworthy, uncensurable, UNPREJUDICED, adjective broadminded, detached,
unexceptionable, unimpeachable, vindicable disinterested, dispassionate, equitable, even-handed, fair,
fairminded, impartial, independent, integer, judicial, just,
UNOBTRUSIVE, adjective clandestine, covert, humble, neutral, nonpartisan, objective, open, openminded, proper,
meek, modest, natural, passive, quiet, reserved, restrained, reasonable, tolerant, unbiased, unbigoted, uncolored,
reticent, retiring, self-effacing, shrinking, simple, subdued, uninfluenced, unjaundiced, unprepossessed, unslanted,
surreptitious, unassuming, unconspicuous, undercover, un- unswayed, unwarped
derground, unimposing, unostentatious, unseen ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: right to fair trial

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UNPREMEDITATED, adjective extemporaneous, extem- ill-judged, illogical, immoderate, iniquus, indefensible, inju-
pore, hasty, impromptu, improvisate, improvised, impulsive, dicious, inordinate, intemperate, irrational, ludicrous, non-
indeliberate, not intended, offhand, rash, snap, spontaneous, sensical, pervicacious, pointless, preposterous, recalcitrant,
thoughtless, uncalculated, unconsidered, undesigned, unin- ridiculous, senseless, twisted, undue, unfair, unjust, unjus-
tended, unintentional, unmeant, unplanned, unprepared, tifiable, unsensible, unsound, untenable, unwarranted, un-
unpurposeful, unrehearsed, unstudied, unthinking wise
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: manslaughter, unpremeditated murder ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: arbitrary and capricious action, unrea-
sonable delay, unreasonable force, unreasonable rate of
UNPRETENTIOUS, adjective artless, humble, inadfecta- interest, unreasonable restraint, unreasonable restraint on
tus, informal, matter of fact, meek, modest, modicus, natu- alienation, unreasonable search, unreasonable use
ral, plain, quiet, retiring, simple, simplex, unaffected, unas-
suming, undistinguished, unelaborate, unobtrusive, UNREFUTABLE, adjective accurate, certain, demon-
unostentatious, without airs strated, doubtless, factual, inappealable, incontestable, incon-
trovertible, indisputable, indubitable, irrefragable, irrefutable,
UNPRODUCTIVE, adjective abortive, arid, barren, positive, proved, proven, sure, true, unanswerable, unconfut-
doomed, dry, effete, exhausted, fallow, fruitless, futile, im- able, uncontroversial, undeniable, unequivocal, unimpeach-
potent, ineffectual, inefficacious, inefficient, infecund, infe- able, unquestionable, valid, veracious, veritable
cundus, infertile, inoperative, issueless, jejune, nugatory,
otiose, profitless, sterile, sterilis, unavailing, unfruitful, un- UNRELATED, adjective alien, different, differing, dis-
profitable, unprolific, unremunerative, unrewarding, unsuc- crepant, disparate, dissimilar, diverse, extraneous, foreign,
cessful, unyielding, useless, wasteful, without results, heterogeneous, incomparable, incompatible, incongruous,
worthless independent, irrelative, irrelevant, mismatched, separate,
strange, unaffiliated, unallied, unassociated, unattached,
UNPROFESSIONAL, adjective amateurish, contrary to unconformable, unconnected, ungermane, unlike, un-
professional ethics, improper, imprudent, inappropriate, matched
indiscreet, injudicious, nonexpert, not of high standards, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: unrelated claims
unbefitting, unbusinesslike, undignified, unethical, unfit-
ting, unscholarly, unseemly, unsuitable UNRELENTING, adjective adamant, austere, cease-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: Code of Professional Responsibility, less, constant, continual, continuous, cruel, determined,
disbarment, grievance committee, unprofessional conduct diligent, endless, enduring, hard, immitis, implacable, in-
cessant, inclement, indefatigable, inexorabilis, inexorable,
UNPROPITIOUS, adjective adverse, hopeless, ill-dis- inflexible, merciless, obdurate, perseverant, persevering,
posed, ill-omened, ill-timed, inauspicious, minatory, omi- persistent, pertinacious, pitiless, relentless, remorseless,
nous, sinister, threatening, unfavorable, unfortunate, un- resolved, rigid, rigorous, ruthless, sedulous, severe, stead-
promising, untoward fast, stern, stubborn, tenacious, unappeasable, unbending,
uncompassionate, uncompromising, undeviating, unforgiv-
UNQUALIFIED (Not competent), adjective deficient, ing, unmerciful, unpitying, unsoftening, unsparing, unsym-
disqualified, ill-qualified, inadequate, incapable, incompe- pathetic, unwavering, unyielding
tent, ineffective, inefficient, ineligible, inept, inexperienced,
inexpert, unable, unadapted, uneffective, unequipped, UNRELIABLE, adjective capricious, changeful, deceitful,
unfit, unprepared, unready, unsuited faithless, fallible, false, fickle, inconstant, insecure, irrespon-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: unqualified opinion sible, perfidious, precarious, shifty, tergiversating, treacher-
ous, two-faced, undependable, unpredictable, unsound, un-
UNQUALIFIED (Unlimited), adjective absolute, all-en- stable, unsteady, untrue, untrustworthy, vacillating, wavering
compassing, boundless, complete, consummate, down- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: unreliable evidence, unreliable testi-
right, full, illimitable, immoderate, limitless, measureless, mony, unreliable witness
not modified, outright, plenary, summus, sweeping, total,
unbound, unchecked, unconditional, unconstrained, uncon- UNREMITTING, adjective adsiduus, assiduous, cease-
trolled, unmitigated, unmodified, unreserved, unrestrained, less, constant, continual, continuous, continuus, diligent,
unrestricted, unsparing, unstinted, utter durable, enduring, incessant, indefatigable, perennial, per-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: unqualified acceptance, unqualified petual, perseverant, persevering, persistent, pertinacious,
ownership sedulous, tenacious, unabated, unbroken, unceasing, un-
changing, unfailing, unintermittent, uninterrupted, unshift-
UNQUESTIONABLE, adjective above criticism, above ing, unswerving, untiring, unvarying, unwearied
reproach, absolute, authoritative, believable, beyond all
question, certain, clear, conclusive, decided, definite, de- UNREQUITED, adjective thankless, unacknowledged,
finitive, doubtless, evident, ideal, incontrovertible, indis- unanswered, uncompensated, unrecompensed, unremu-
putable, indubitable, irrefutable, irreprehensible, irre- nerated, unrepaid, unreturned, unrewarded
proachable, irresponsible to question, manifest, obvious,
patent, plausible, real, realistic, reliable, self-evident, sure, UNRESPONSIVE, adjective aloof, cold, cool, dispas-
unassailable, unchallenged, uncontestable, undeniable, un- sionate, elusive, emotionless, evasive, impassive, inatten-
disputed, undoubted, unimpeachable, unmistakable tive, indifferent, insensitive, irresponsive, laconic, mum,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: that cannot be impeached, unques- mute, pitiless, reserved, reticent, secretive, taciturn, unan-
tionable integrity swering, uncommunicative, uncompassionate, uncon-
cerned, unconversable, uncooperative, unemotional, un-
UNREASONABLE, adjective absurd, asinine, capri- feeling, unimpressible, unimpressionable, uninfluenceable,
cious, contorted, contrary, exaggerated, excessive, exorbi- uninterested, unmoved, unreacting, unreplying, unre-
tant, extravagant, extreme, foolish, groundless, ill-advised, sponding, unsociable, unsympathetic

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ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: evasive contempt, unresponsive an- UNSCRUPULOUS, adjective base, conscienceless, cor-
swer, unresponsive testimony rupt, crooked, deceitful, dishonest, dishonorable, disingenu-
ous, faithless, false, fraudulent, immoral, inequitable, iniqui-
UNRESTRAINED (Not in custody), adjective free, inde- tous, lawless, perfidious, profligate, questionable, roguish,
pendent, unbounded, unbridled, unchecked, unconfined, ruthless, shifty, sly, treacherous, two-faced, underhand,
unconstrained, uncurbed, unencumbered, unfettered, un- unethical, unfair, unjust, unlawful, unprincipled, unre-
hampered, unhindered, unimpeded, unlimited, unob- strained, vicious, villainous, wanton, wicked, without integ-
structed, unprevented, unshackled, unsuppressed, untram- rity, without scruples, wrongful
meled
UNSEEMLY, adjective base, boorish, coarse, crude,
UNRESTRAINED (Not repressed), adjective dissolute, discreditable, disreputable, distasteful, gross, ignoble, im-
effusive, excessive, extravagant, immoderate, incontinent, proper, in bad taste, inappropriate, incongruous, incorrect,
intemperate, lawless, lewd, libertine, licentious, loose, prod- indecent, indecorous, indecorus, indelicate, inelegant, of-
igal, rampant, spirited, unbridled, unchecked, unconstrained, fensive, out of character, out of place, preposterous, repre-
uncontrolled, uncurbed, undisciplined, unfettered, ungov- hensible, rude, shameful, unapt, unbecoming, unbefitting,
erned, unhampered, unhindered, unlimited, unreined, unre- undignified, undue, unfit, unfitting, ungenteel, unhand-
pressed, unreserved, unsuppressed, wanton, wild some, unmanly, unmeet, unpraiseworthy, unpresentable,
unrefined, unsightly, unsuitable, untasteful, vulgar, wrong
UNRESTRICTED, adjective boundless, effrenatus, free,
immoderate, independent, limitless, open, permitted, UNSETTLED, adjective adrift, afloat, agitated, capri-
unbound, unbounded, unbridled, unchecked, uncondi- cious, changeable, changing, conjectural, deranged, deso-
tional, unconfined, unconstrained, uncontained, uncon- late, disarranged, disputable, disturbed, doubtful, dubious,
trolled, unfettered, unforbidden, unlimited, unobstructed, due, fickle, incertus, inconstans, inconstant, migratory,
unqualified, unrestrained, unshackled, untrammeled, mutable, nervous, new, open, outstanding, owing, pend-
without strings ing, perturbed, restless, speculative, tentative, transient,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: unrestricted use troubled, unadjusted, unattached, unbalanced, uncertain,
unchartered, uncollected, undecided, undetermined, un-
UNRULY, adjective chaotic, contrary, contumacious, easy, unessayed, unexplored, unfixed, uninhabited, un-
disobedient, disorderly, effrenatus, ferox, fractious, fro- nerved, unoccupied, unpaid, unresolved, unrooted, unsta-
ward, hard to control, headstrong, incorrigible, indocile, ble, unstaid, unsteady, untried, untrodden, unventured,
insubordinate, intractable, irrepressible, lawless, muti- upset, vacillating, varius, wandering, wavering
nous, obstinate, obstreperous, out of control, perverse,
rampant, rebellious, recalcitrant, refractory, resistive, res- UNSOLICITED, adjective complimentary, free, gratu-
tive, riotous, rowdy, stormy, stubborn, troublesome, tur- itous, offered, proffered, unasked, unbidden, uncalled-for,
bulent, unbridled, uncompliant, uncomplying, uncontrol- undesired, uninvited, unrequested, unsought, unwanted,
lable, uncurbed, ungovernable, unmanageable, unwelcome, unwished, voluntary, volunteered
unrestrained, unsubmissive, untoward, unyielding, wan- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: unsolicited response, unsolicited sale
ton, wayward, wild, willful
UNSOUND (Fallacious), adjective absurd, defective,
UNSATISFACTORY, adjective deficient, disagreeable, disputable, erroneous, false, faulty, groundless, ill-founded,
disappointing, disapproved, displeasing, disquieting, dis- illogical, improbable, incongruous, incorrect, insubstantial,
tressing, disturbing, faulty, feeble, imperfect, inadequate, invalid, irrational, mistaken, questionable, senseless, so-
inappropriate, inapt, inept, inexpedient, inferior, insufficient, phistical, speculative, unauthentic, ungrounded, unreal,
intolerable, lame, non idoneus, not up to par, objectionable, unreasonable, unreasoned, unsubstantial, untenable, un-
offensive, poor, rejected, unacceptable, unapt, unbefitting, true, unwarranted, worthless, wrong
undesirable, unfavorable, unfit, ungratifying, unpleasant,
unsatisfying, unseemly, unsuitable, untoward, unwelcome, UNSOUND (Not strong), adjective below par, broken,
unworthy, upsetting, useless, vexing, wanting, weak decayed, decrepit, defective, deficient, deranged, deterio-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: unsatisfactory testimony rated, diseased, disturbed, exhausted, faulty, feeble, ill,
impaired, imperfect, infirm, insecure, insolvent, precarious,
UNSATISFIED (Delinquent), adjective due, due and sickly, tainted, unbacked, unhealthy, unreliable, unsafe,
owing, in arrears, outstanding, payable, uncollected, unfilled, unsettled, unstable, unsteady, unsubstantial, untrustworthy,
unpaid unwell, warped, wasted, weak, worn
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: unsatisfied judgment funds, unsatis-
fied judgments UNSPECIFIED, adjective anonymous, general, ge-
neric, indefinable, indefinite, indeterminate, indistinct, non-
UNSATISFIED (Disappointed), adjective despondent, specific, obscure, unacknowledged, unclear, undefined,
discontented, disgruntled, displeased, dissatisfied, frus- undesignated, unfixed, unnamed, unsettled, vague
trated, greedy, insatiable, insatiate, malcontented, quench-
less, thwarted, ungratified, unhappy, unquenchable, un- UNSUFRUCTARY RIGHT, noun a right to enjoy the
slaked property of another, right of nonowner to use an asset of
another, right to use property of another, right to use prop-
UNSAVORY, adjective disagreeable, disgusting, dis- erty without ownership
liked, distasteful, intolerable, loathsome, mawkish, nasty, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: riparian right
nauseating, nauseous, objectionable, obnoxious, offensive,
repelling, repugnant, revolting, sickening, unalluring, un- UNSUITABLE, adjective absurd, alienus, amiss, awk-
appetizing, unattractive, undelectable, undesirable, uninvit- ward, conflicting, contrary, discordant, discrepant, disparate,
ing, unpalatable, unpleasant, unpleasing dissonant, disturbing, divergent, ill-adapted, impertinent,

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improper, imprudent, in bad taste, inadequate, inadmissible, UNTIMELY, adjective anachronic, anachronistic, anach-
inadvisable, inapplicable, inapposite, inappropriate, inapt, ronous, badly timed, erroneous in date, ill-advised, ill-
incommodious, incommodus, incompatible, incongruous, considered, ill-timed, immaturus, improper, imprudent,
inconvenient, indecorous, inexpedient, infelicitous, inharmo- inapposite, inappropriate, inappropriately timed, inauspi-
nious, inopportune, intolerable, irrelevant, malapropos, mis- cious, inconvenient, infelicitous, inopportune, intempesti-
matched, objectionable, out of character, out of keeping, out vus, malapropos, misjudged, mistimed, out of keeping, out
of place, poorly adapted, unacceptable, unapt, unbecoming, of place, poorly timed, unfavorable, unpromising, unpropi-
unbeseeming, uncongenial, undesirable, unfavorable, unfit, tious, unpunctual, unseasonable, unsuitably timed
unfitting, unfortunate, unsatisfactory, unsatisfying, unseason-
able, unseemly, unsuited, untimely, untoward UNTROUBLED, adjective balanced, calm, collected,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: unsuitable for consumption composed, controlled, cool, dispassionate, easygoing,
even-tempered, impassive, imperturbable, in control, laid-
UNSUPPORTED, adjective based on conjecture, base- back, level-headed, mellow, peaceful, placid, poised, ratio-
less, groundless, not authenticated, not established, not nal, reasonable, relaxed, self-controlled, sensible, steady,
substantiated, suppositional, supposititious, unabetted, un- unbothered, undisturbed, unemotional, unexcited, unflap-
aided, unassisted, unattested, unauthenticated, unbacked, pable, unflustered, unimpassioned, unmoved, unperturbed,
uncertified, uncollaborated, unconfirmed, uncorroborated, unruffled, unstirred
undemonstrated, unfounded, unproved, unproven, unsec-
onded, unsubstantiated, unsustained, untenable, unvali- UNTRUE, adjective all wrong, amiss, apocryphal, awry,
dated, unverified, without basis, without foundation bogus, contradictory, contrary to fact, counterfeit, deceitful,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: unsupported by a preponderance of deceiving, deceptive, defective, delusive, devoid of truth,
the evidence dishonest, disingenuous, disloyal, disobedient, duplici-
tous, errant, erring, erroneous, faithless, fake, faked, falla-
UNSURE, adjective ambiguous, ambivalent, between, cious, false, false-principled, falsus, faulty, fictitious, flawed,
betwixt, chancy, changeable, constrained, dicey, doubtful, forged, fraudulent, groundless, guileful, hypocritical, in error,
doubting, dubious, equivocal, fickle, hesitant, hesitating, hold- inaccurate, inconstant, incorrect, incredulous, insidious, in-
ing back, indecisive, indemonstrable, irresolute, not certain, sincere, invalid, invented, lying, mendacious, miscalculated,
not decided, not definitive, not resolved, not sure, of two misleading, misrepresentative, mistaken, mock, not true, off
minds, on the fence, precarious, provisional, shaky, skeptical, base, perfidious, perverse, perverted, prevaricating, recreant,
suspicious, tentative, unaccountable, uncountable, undecided, scheming, sham, shifty, spurious, traitorous, treacherous,
unpredictable, unsteady, unsubstantial, up in the air, wavering treasonable, trumped up, truthless, two-faced, uncandid,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: unsure of guilt underhanded, undutiful, unfaithful, unfounded, ungrounded,
unorthodox, unproved, unreal, unsound, unsubstantial,
UNSURPASSED, adjective absolute, best, beyond com- untrustworthy, unveracious, wrong
parison, beyond praise, cardinal, consummate, dazzling, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: liable, slander
dominant, excellent, exceptional, incomparable, infallible,
inimitable, leading, matchless, ne plus ultra, paramount, UNTRUSTWORTHY, adjective capricious, changeable,
peerless, premium, primary, prime, second to none, supe- conniving, deceitful, deceptive, dishonest, dishonorable, dis-
rior, superlative, supreme, the acme, transcendent, unap- loyal, double-dealing, faithless, fallible, false, fickle, fly-by-
proachable, unequaled, unexampled, unexcelled, unique, night, fraudulent, frivolous, illusive, inconstant, insecure, in-
unmatched, unparagoned, unparalleled, unrivaled, without sidious, irresponsible, mercurial, perfidious, precarious,
equal, without parallel questionable, shifty, slippery, tergiversating, treacherous, two-
faced, unauthenticated, uncertain, undependable, unfaithful,
UNSUSPECTING, adjective believing, credulous, eas- unreliable, unsafe, unsound, unstable, unsteadfast, untrue,
ily deceived, gullible, incautus, innocent, naive, off guard, unworthy of confidence, unworthy of trust, variable, wavering
simple, trustful, trusting, unaware, unconscious, undoubt-
ing, unexpectant, unguarded, unquestioning, unsuspect- UNUSUAL, adjective aberrant, abnormal, alien, amaz-
ing, unsuspicious, unwarned, without suspicion ing, anomalous, astonishing, astounding, atypical, bizarre,
choice, conspicuous, curious, different, distinctive, distin-
UNSUSTAINABLE, adjective baseless, controvertible, guished, exceptional, extraordinary, extreme, fantastic,
doubtful, erroneous, false, groundless, incorrect, insupport- fresh, important, incomparable, inconceivable, inconsistent,
able, questionable, unauthentic, unconfirmable, undemon- incredible, indescribable, individual, infrequent, inusitate,
strable, unmaintainable, unprovable, untenable, untrue, irregular, little-known, marked, marvelous, matchless,
untrustworthy, unverifiable, wrong memorable, modern, new, newfangled, nonpareil, notable,
noteworthy, novel, occasional, odd, offbeat, original, out of
UNTENABLE, adjective accessible, baseless, contro- the ordinary, outlandish, outstanding, particular, peculiar,
vertible, defenseless, erroneous, exposed, fallacious, false, peerless, phenomenal, portentous, prodigious, prominent,
faulty, groundless, hollow, illogical, implausible, incapable radical, rare, refreshing, remarkable, scarce, significant, sin-
of being defended, incapable of being held, incapable of gular, special, startling, strange, striking, supernormal, sur-
being maintained, incorrect, indefensible, insupportable, prising, unaccustomed, unclassifiable, uncommon, uncon-
invalid, irrational, powerless, pregnable, questionable, re- ventional, uncustomary, unequaled, unexpected, unfamiliar,
futable, ridiculous, specious, undefended, undemonstrable, unhabitual, unheard of, unique, unmatched, unnatural, un-
unfortified, unguarded, unjustifiable, unmaintainable, un- orthodox, unparalleled, unprecedented, unprevalent, unri-
protected, unreasonable, unsound, unsustainable, unwar- valed, unroutine, untraditional, untypical, unwonted
rantable, vincible, vulnerable, weak, wrong ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: cruel and unusual punishment

UNTIL, adverb as far as, by the time that, down to, UNVEIL, verb aperire, bare, begin, bring to light, dem-
pending, til, to, to the time when, up to, up to the time of onstrate, denude, detegere, disclose, display, divest, divulge,

638
 UPROAR

exhibit, expose, extract, lay open, make known, make impliant, indomitable, inductile, inexorable, inflexible, in-
plain, make visible, manifest, open up, originate, present, tractable, intransigent, invariable, obdurate, obstinate, opin-
reveal, show, start, strip, uncase, uncloak, unconceal, un- ionated, perseverant, persevering, persistent, pertinacious,
cover, uncurtain, undrape, undress, unfold, unmask, un- perverse, pervicacious, recalcitrant, refractory, relentless,
robe, unseal, unwrap renitent, resisting, resolute, resolved, rigid, sedulous, set,
settled, solid, stable, stanch, steadfast, steady, stern, stiff,
UNVERSED, adjective ignorant, illiterate, imperitus, in- strong, stubborn, tenacious, tough, true, unbending, un-
experienced, inexpert, raw, rudis, unacquainted, unclever, changeable, uncompromising, uncontrollable, undeviating,
unconversant, undisciplined, undrilled, uneducated, unex- ungovernable, unimpressible, uninfluenceable, unmanage-
cercised, unfamiliar, unindoctrinated, uninformed, uniniti- able, unpliable, unwavering, wayward, willful, zealous
ated, unknowing, unknowledgeable, unlearned, unlettered,
unpracticed, unprepared, unproficient, unqualified, unread, UPBRAID, verb admonish, berate, blame, blast, call on
unschooled, unskilled, unstudied, untaught the carpet, call to account, castigate, censure, chastise,
chew out, chide, condemn, correct, criticize, curse, decry,
UNWARRANTED, adjective arbitrary, baseless, exces- denounce, denunciate, fulminate against, give a piece of
sive, fulsome, groundless, immoderate, improper, inde- one’s mind, give a tongue-lashing, have harsh words with,
fensible, inexcusable, inordinate, needless, objectionable, indict, inveigh against, lash, lay out in lavender, lecture,
outrageous, overmuch, superabundant, superfluous, su- objurgate, rail against, rake over the coals, rap on the
pernumerary, unauthorized, uncalled-for, unconscionable, knuckles, read the riot act, rebuke, remonstrate, reprehend,
undue, unentitled, unfair, unfounded, unjust, unjustifiable, reprimand, reproach, reprobate, reprove, revile, scold, set
unjustified, unlawful, unnecessary, unreasonable, unsanc- straight, straighten out, take a hard line with, take to task,
tioned, unwarrantable, wrongful tell off, vilify, vilipend

UNWILLING, adjective adverse, against, diametrically UPHEAVAL, noun blowup, break, chaos, collapse, con-
opposed, disagreeing, disinclined, disobedient, dissent- vulsion, disorder, disquiet, disruption, eruption, explosion,
ing, forced, independent of one’s will, indisposed, invol- furor, hurricane, insurrection, irruption, quake, rebellion,
untary, loathe, not opposed, reluctant, renitent, resistant, revolt, revolution, sudden change, tempest, tornado, tu-
unconscious, unintentional, unthinking, unwilled, unwit- mult, unrest
ting, willingly ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: terrorism
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: contumacious witness, hostile witness,
unwilling witness UPHOLD, verb accept, acknowledge, advocate, affirm,
agree with, aid, approve, assert, assist, authenticate, back,
UNWILLINGLY, adverb adversely, demurringly, indis- back up, bear up, bolster, brace, buttress, carry, champion,
posedly, involuntarily, recalcitrantly, reluctantly, uncon- confirm, corroborate, countenance, decide in favor of, de-
sentingly, without assent, without consent fend, elevate, encourage, endorse, espouse, favor, guard,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: unknowingly help, hold up, justify, keep, maintain, perpetuate, preserve,
prop, protect, raise, sanction, second, speak for, stand by,
UNWISE, adjective detrimental, disadvantageous, fat- stand up for, stay, substantiate, support, sustain, susten-
uous, foolish, ill-advised, ill-considered, ill-contrived, ill- tare, upraise, vindicate, warrant
devised, ill-judged, ill-managed, illogical, impolitic, impru- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: uphold a decision, uphold the law
dent, inadvisable, inane, inappropriate, inapt, incongruous,
inept, inexpedient, injudicious, insensate, irrational, misad- UPKEEP, noun aid, backing, care, caregiving, caring,
vised, reckless, senseless, short-sighted, stupid, thought- economic support, endowment, fosterage, life support,
less, unfit, unintelligent, unpolite, unreasonable, unreason- maintenance, nourishment, nurturance, operating costs,
ing, unsound, unthinking preservation, provision, relief, safekeeping, subsidization,
subsidy, subsistence, support, support services, suste-
UNWITTING, adjective accidental, adventitious, aimless, nance, sustentation, total support, welfare
blind, chance, fortuitous, ignorant, inadvertent, insciens, ins- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: maintenance
cius, involuntary, purposeless, thoughtless, unapprized, un-
aware, unconscious, undesigned, unexpected, uninformed, UPRIGHT, adjective aboveboard, candid, circumspect,
unintended, unintentional, unknowing, unmeant, unmindful, conscientious, erect, estimable, ethical, fair, forthright, good,
unpremeditated, unpurposed, unsuspecting, unthinking guileless, highly principled, honest, honestus, honorable, in-
corruptible, integer, just, laudable, legitimate, moral, probus,
UNWORKABLE, adjective effort-wasting, impossible, pure, reasonable, reputable, respectable, righteous, scrupu-
impracticable, impractical, inadequate, incapable of being lous, square, straightforward, trustworthy, truthful, uncorrupt,
done, inconceivable, ineffective, ineffectual, inefficacious, unimpeachable, upstanding, veracious, virtuous, worthy
infeasible, inoperable, insurmountable, otiose, out of the
question, useless, unachievable, unattainable, undoable, UPRISING, noun anarchy, chaos, civil disorder, coup
unfeasible, unnegotiable, unobtainable, unperformable, d’etat, fighting in the streets, general uprising, insurgence,
unrealizable, unviable insurgency, insurrection, mass confusion, mutiny, outbreak,
overthrow, rebellion, resistance, revolt, revolution, riot,
UNWORTHY, adjective base, contemptible, inferior, rise, upheaval
lacking worth, meager, meritless, not fit, undeserving, unfit,
unqualified, worthless UPROAR, noun ado, affray, agitation, bedlam, blowup,
bluster, boiling, brawl, brouhaha, chaos, clamor, commo-
UNYIELDING, adjective adamant, adamantine, con- tion, conflict, disorder, disruption, disturbance, embroil-
stant, decided, dedicated, determined, devoted, enduring, ment, fracas, furor, hullabaloo, pandemonium, ruckus,
faithful, firm, fixed, hard, headstrong, immobile, immovable, scuffle, struggle, tumult, turbulence, turmoil

639
 UPSET

UPSET, verb agitate, beat, bother, capsize, confuse, usefulness, usus, utilitas, utility, utilization
conquer, crush, defeat, demolish, derange, destroy, disar- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: actual use, apparent use, beneficial
range, discomfit, discompose, disconcert, disorganize, dis- use, best and highest use, business use, charitable use,
place, disquiet, distress, disturb, embarrass, enrage, common use, contingent use, convenient use, corporate
evertere, fluster, invert, overpower, overthrow, overturn, use, customary use, declared use, domestic use, dominent
overwhelm, perturb, put out of order, quash, reverse, ruin, use, exclusive use, existing use, forseeable use, hostile use,
shock, startle, subvert, subvertere, supersede, tip over, lawful use, mutual use, nonconforming use, nonpublic use,
topple, tumble, turn upside down, undo, unnerve, unsettle, normal use, offensive use, official use, ordinary use, per-
upend, vanquish, worst missive use, personal use, primary use, principal use, pri-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: upset a lower court’s ruling vate use, reasonable use, resulting use, secondary use,
shifting use, Statute of Uses, suitable use, unfit for use, use
URGE, verb activate, adjure, advance, advise, advocate, and derivate use
appeal to, beg, beseech, coax, drive, encourage, entreat,
evoke, exhort, expostulate, goad, hurry, impel, impellere, USEFUL, adjective advantageous, advisable, applicable,
implore, importune, incitare, incite, insist, instigate, invite, appropriate, availing, befitting, beneficial, commodious, con-
motivate, move, persuade, prescribe, press, prevail upon, ducive, congruous, constructive, contributing, contributory,
prod, promote, prompt, propel, provoke, push, recom- convenient, decent, desirable, doable, effective, effectual,
mend, request, rouse, solicit, spur, stimulate, urgere efficacious, employable, expedient, favorable, feasible, fit,
fitting, functional, good, handy, instrumental, of use, opera-
URGENCY, noun crisis, critical situation, crucial situation, tive, opportune, positive, practical, pragmatic, productive,
dire necessity, emergency, exigency, expeditious need, hur- profitable, proper, remedial, rewarding, right, salutary,
ried need, immediate need, importance, instant need, mat- seemly, suitable, usable, valuable, wise, worthwhile
ter of life and death, necessity, pressing need, urgent need ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: usefulness
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: good samaritan laws, in extremis, stay
of execution, statute of limitations, temporary restraining USELESS, adjective aimless, barren, counterproduc-
order tive, effete, empty, failed fatuitous, fatuous, feckless, for
naught, frivolous, fruitless, functionless, futile, idle, impo-
URGENT, adjective clamant, compelling, compulsory, tent, impracticable, inadequate, inane, incapable, incompe-
critical, crucial, crying, demanding, earnest, essential, exi- tent, inconsequential, ineffective, ineffectual, inefficacious,
gent, grave, gravis, impelling, imperative, important, impor- inefficient, inept, inessential, inoperative, inutile, invalid,
tunate, indispensable, insistent, instant, necessarius, neces- meaningless, needless, no go, no good, not serving any
sary, necessitous, pressing, required, serious, vital, weighty purpose, nugatory, null and void, of no avail, of no force, of
no purpose, of no use, otiose, pointless, powerless, profit-
USABLE, adjective appliable, applicable, appropriate- less, purposeless, redundant, superfluous, to no avail, to no
ness, compliant, effective, effectual, employable, exploit- purpose, trivial, unavailing, unfit, unhelpful, unimportant,
able, fitting, operable, practical, recyclable, reusable, service- unnecessary, unproductive, unprofitable, unsatisfactory,
able, utilizable unserviceable, unsuccessful, unusable, vain, valueless, void,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: fit for the intended purpose worthless

USAGE, noun application, conduct, consuetude, consue- USUAL, adjective abundant, accepted, accustomed,
tudo, convention, custom, customary use, disposition, em- acknowledged, average, banal, casual, characteristic, char-
ployment, established custom, established practice, fashion, acterless, colorless, common, commonplace, conformable,
fixed procedure, form, formula, habit, habitual use, habitude, conforming, consistent, consuetudinal, consuetudinary,
management, manner, method, mode, mos, operation, prac- conventional, current, customary, daily, established, every-
tice, prescription, prevalence, routine, service, style, system, day, expected, familiar, frequent, general, habitual, hum-
tradition, treatment, use, utilization, vogue, wear, wont drum, inconspicuous, indifferent, insignificant, known,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: common usage, custom and usage, mediocre, middling, moderate, monotonous, natural, non-
general usage descript, normal, ordinary, orthodox, pat, pedestrian, plain,
FOREIGN PHRASES: Consuetudo ex certa causa rationabili plentiful, popular, prevailing, prevalent, prosaic, prosy, re-
usitata privat communem legem. A custom based on a current, regular, repeated, representative, rife, routine, set,
certain and reasonable cause supersedes the common law. stale, standard, stereotyped, stock, tedious, traditional,
Optimus interpres rerum usus. Usage is the best interpreter trivial, typical, undistinctive, undistinguished, unexcep-
of things. In contractibus, tacite insunt quae sunt moris et tional, unimaginitive, unimpressive, uninteresting, univer-
consuetudinis. In contracts, matters of custom and usage sal, unmarked, unmemorable, unoriginal, unremarkable,
are tacitly implied. Non ex opinionibus singulorum, sed ex unsophisticated, unsurprising, unvaried, vernacular, well-
communi usu, nomina exaudiri debent. The names of known, well-trodden, wonted, workaday
things ought to be understood, not according to individual ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: usual conduct, usual course of con-
opinions, but according to common usage. Obtemperandum duct, usual place of abode, usual terms
est consuetudini rationabili tanquam legi. A reasonable
custom is to be obeyed like law. Quae praeter consuetudi- USURIOUS, adjective criminal interest, excessive, ex-
nem et morem majorum fiunt neque placent neque recta orbitant, extortionate, illegal, immoderate, improper rate of
videntur. Things which are done contrary to the custom and interest, inordinate, unconscionable, undue, unreasonable
manner of our ancestors neither please nor appear right.
USURP, verb accroach, appropriate unlawfully, arro-
USE, noun adhibition, adoption, application, avail, ben- gate, assume, assume command, assume without author-
efit, convenience, disposal, disposition, employment, en- ity, commandeer, encroach, help oneself to, hold by force,
joyment, exercitation, exploitation, function, means, prac- lay hold of, seize, seize power, sibi adsumere, squat, steal,
tice, purpose, service, serviceability, suitability, usage, take, take charge, take possession, wrest

640
 VACUOUS

USURY, noun criminal rate of interest, excessive inter- UTMOST, adjective extreme, furthest, greatest, high-
est, excessive rate, exorbitant interest, exploitation, fae- est, maximal, maximum, most, superlative, supreme
neratio, high interest, illegal interest, overcharge, uncon- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: utmost care
scionable rate of interest
UTMOST, noun best, degree, extreme limit, extrem-
UTILITY (Public service), noun public business, public ity, farthest reach, furthest point, greatest amount, great-
company, public corporation, public industry est degree, highest, maximum, optimum, the most pos-
sible
UTILITY (Usefulness), noun adequacy, advantage, ad-
vantageousness, applicability, avail, benefit, convenience, UTTER, verb air, announce, articulate, assert, assever-
efficacy, employability, fruitfulness, function, helpfulness, ate, aver, breathe, broach, circulate, come out with, com-
practicality, productiveness, productivity, profit, profitabil- municate, declaim, declare, deliver, dicere, disclose, di-
ity, service, serviceability, suitability, usability, use, value vulge, emit, enunciate, express, give expression to, give
FOREIGN PHRASES: Omne magnum exemplum habet aliq- forth, impart, issue, make known, mouth, proclaim, pro-
uid ex iniquo, quod publica utilitate compensatur. nounce, propound, publicize, publish, recite, reveal, sound,
Every great example has some unfairness, which is com- speak, spread, state, talk, tell, vent, voice
pensated by the public utility.
UTTERANCE, noun account, affirmation, announce-
UTILIZATION, noun applicability, employability, prac- ment, assertion, asseveration, averment, avowal, com-
ticality, serviceability, usability, usefulness ment, declaration, deposition, detailed account, enumera-
tion, exclamation, explanation, exposition, observation,
UTILIZE, verb adopt, apply, avail, benefit, employ, pronouncement, recapitulation, recital, recitation, remark,
enjoy, exploit, incorporate, practice, purpose, service, use report, statement, story, summary, testimony

VACANT, adjective bare, blank, clear, depleted, de- of absence, paid vacation, respite, rest, rest and recupera-
serted, devoid, disengaged, empty, exhausted, free, hol- tion, sabbatical, time off, tour, trip, voyage, week off
low, idle, not in use, not occupied, open, unemployed,
unfilled, uninhabited, unoccupied, unpossessed, unten- VACATUR, noun abolishment, abrogation, annulment,
anted, unused, unutilized, vacuous, vacuus, void canceling, cancellation, cessation, defeasance, deprivation,
dissolution, invalidation, neutralization, nullification, rescis-
VACATE (Leave), verb abandon, cease, depart, depart sion, revocation, undoing, vacation, vitiation
from, desert, empty, evacuate, exit, forgo, go away, move, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: vacating a judgment
move out, quit, relinquish, remove, retreat, surrender,
vacuefacere, withdraw VACILLATE, verb alternate, be capricious, be incon-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: vacate premises stant, be irresolute, be uncertain, be unsettled, be un-
steady, be unsure, change, debate, demur, equivocate,
VACATE (Void), verb abandon, abdicate, abolish, abro- falter, feel uncertain, fluctuate, hesitate, hover, librate,
gate, annul, cancel, countermand, deprive of force, disan- move to and fro, oscillate, rock, seesaw, shift, show inde-
nul, do away with, eliminate, evacuate, invalidate, make cision, stagger, sway, swing, totter, undulate, vacillare,
void, negate, nullify, overrule, quash, recant, relinquish, vibrate, waver
render inoperative, repeal, rescind, retract, reverse, revoke,
set aside VACUOUS, adjective absent, barren, blank, depleted,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: vacate a default, vacate a judgment, devoid, drained, dull, empty, empty-headed, exhausted,
vacate an award, vacate an order, vacate occupancy, vacate expressionless, fatuous, foolish, hollow, idle, inadequate,
office inane, incogitative, insufficient, lacking content, missing,
null, purposeless, senseless, silly, stupid, thoughtless, un-
VACATION, noun absence, break, breather, cruise, day filled, unintelligent, unoccupied, unreasoning, unthinking,
off, escape, excursion, holiday, interval, jaunt, leave, leave vacant, void, wanting

641
 VAGRANCY

VAGRANCY, noun evagation, hoboism, indolence, itin- pondus, potency, power, puissance, reality, realness, sig-
erancy, pererration, roaming, roving, shiftlessness, vaga- nificance, soundness, strength, trueness, truth, veracity,
bondage, vagabondism, wandering, wayfaring verity
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: common-law vagrancy, loitering ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: validity of a statute
FOREIGN PHRASES: Quod in minori valet valebit in majori;
VAGUE, adjective ambiguous, ambiguus, amorphous, et quod in majori non valet nec valebit in minori. That
blurred, blurry, broad, cloudy, confused, cryptic, dim, which is valid in the greater shall be valid in the less; and
doubtful, dubious, dubius, enigmatic, equivocal, evasive, that which is not valid in the greater shall neither be valid
faint, general, ill-defined, impalpable, imprecise, incertus, in the less. Nul charter, nul vente, ne nul done vault
incomprehensible, indecisive, indefinite, indeterminate, perpetualment, si le donor n’est seise al temps de con-
indistinct, indistinguishable, inexplicit, intangible, misun- tracts de deux droits, sc. del droit de possession et del
derstood, mysterious, nebulous, obscure, perplexing, droit de propertie. No grant, no sale, no gift, is valid for-
poorly defined, problematical, questionable, shadowy, ever, unless the donor, at the time of the contract, has two
uncertain, unclear, undefined, undetermined, unsettled, rights, namely, the right of possession and the right of
unspecified, unsure property. Quae ab initio non valent, ex post facto con-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: void for vagueness valescere non possunt. Things invalid from the beginning
FOREIGN PHRASES: Res est misera ubi jus est vagum et in- cannot be made valid by a subsequent act. Semper prae-
certum. It is a sorry state of affairs when law is vague and sumitur pro matrimonio. The presumption is always in
mutable. favor of the validity of a marriage. Quod initio vitiosum est
non potest tractu temporis convalescere. That which is
VAIN ATTEMPT, noun aborted mission, all talk and no void from the beginning cannot become valid by lapse of
action, barren, efforts to no avail, efforts to no purpose, time. Pacta conventa quae neque contra leges neque
empty effort, fruitless effort, futile effort, hallow efforts, dolo malo inita sunt omni modo observanda sunt.
idle efforts, impotent efforts, inadequate efforts, inane Agreements which are not contrary to the laws nor entered
efforts, ineffective efforts, ineffectual efforts, inefficacious into with a fraudulent design must be observed in all re-
efforts, interrupted mission, meaningless attempt, un- spects. Quod initio non valet, tractu temporis non valet.
availing efforts, unsuccessful efforts, useless attempt, That which is void at the beginning does not become valid
worthless effort by lapse of time.

VALIANT, adjective adventurous, bold, bold-spirited, VALOROUS, adjective adventurous, audacious, bold,
brave, chivalric, chivalrous, courageous, daring, dashing, bold as a lion, bold-spirited, brave, chivalric, chivalrous,
dauntless, fearless, gallant, gutsy, herolike, heroic, intrepid, courageous, daring, dauntless, fearless, foolhardy, gallant,
knightly, lionhearted, nervy, reckless, self-assured, self-reli- heroic, herolike, high-spirited, intrepid, knightly, lion-
ant, soldierly, stalwartlike, stout, stouthearted, unafraid, hearted, rash, reckless, soldierly, stalwart, stout, stout-
unalarmed, undaunted, valorous, virile hearted, unafraid, unalarmed, undaunted, valiant, virile

VALID, adjective accurate, attested, authentic, au- VALUABLE, adjective above par, advantageous, bene-
thoritative, authorized, binding, bona fide, canonic, ca- ficial, choice, commanding a good price, costly, dear, desir-
nonical, conclusive, confirmed, constitutional, correct, able, edifying, effective, effectual, efficacious, esteemed,
credible, effective, effectual, enforceable, executed with estimable, excellent, expensive, favorable, fine, gainful,
proper formalities, factual, firmus, forcible, good, gravis, good, helpful, important, in demand, inestimable, invalu-
having legal force, having legal strength, iustus, lawful, able, marketable, operative, precious, pretiosus, prizable,
legal, legalized, legally binding, legitimate, licit, logical, profitable, rare, relevant, remunerative, rewarding, salable,
official, potent, powerful, proved, sanctioned, scientific, select, serviceable, significant, suitable, superior, treasured,
solid, sound, statutory, strong, substantial, supportable by useful, utilitarian, worthy
law, sustainable in law, true, truthful, veritable, warranted, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: valuable consideration
well-grounded
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: valid argument, valid case, valid claim, VALUATION, noun assessment, calculation, computa-
valid commitment, valid consideration, valid contract, valid tion, determination, estimate, estimated value, estimation,
delivery, valid existing marriage, valid gift, valid judgment, evaluation, examination, fixing a price, measurement,
valid obligation, valid reasoning, valid reasons, valid statute quantification, reckoning, setting a price, setting the value,
summary, survey
VALIDATE, verb accept, affirm, approve, attest, autho- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: property
rize, certify, circumstantiate, confirm, corroborate, declare
legal, declare valid, endorse, give legal force, legalize, le- VALUE, noun advantage, aestimatio, amount, appraisal,
gitimatize, legitimize, make binding, make legal, make assessment, benefit, caliber, consequence, cost, desirability,
valid, prove, qualify, ratify, sanction, seal, stamp, substanti- effect, equivalent, esteem, estimate, estimation, excellence,
ate, verify, warrant expense, force, impact, importance, merit, price, purport,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: validate a sale, validate records quality, quotation, significance, substance, superiority, use,
usefulness, utility, valuation, worth, worthiness
VALIDATION, noun affirmation, approval, authentica- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: acquisition value, actual cash value,
tion, authorization, backing, certification, confirmation, docu- actual market value, appraised value, assessed value, book
mentation, endorsement, fortification, justification, ratifica- value, cash market value, cash surrender value, current
tion, strengthening, substantiation, verification, vindication market value, face value, fair and reasonable value, fair
market value, fair value, full cash value, good faith pur-
VALIDITY, noun authenticity, authority, correctness, chaser for value, gross value, highest market value, holder
force, forcefulness, genuineness, gravitas, lawfulness, legal for value, instrument of value, insurable value, intrinsic
force, legality, legitimacy, legitimateness, meritoriousness, value, market value, negotiable instrument, nominal value,

642
 VENERABLE

nuisance value, par value, pecuniary value, present value, dissimilar, distinct, diverse, diversified, indiscriminate, in-
probative value, prospective value, purchaser for value, tricate, jumbled, medley, mixed, multifarious, multifold,
real value, reasonable value, relative value, rental value, multiform, multiple, scrambled, separate, thrown together,
reserve value, residual value, retention value, substantial variant, variegated, varying
value, sufficient value, surrender value, tangible value, tax-
able value, transfer for value, true value, value received VARY, verb alter, alternate, assort, be inconstant, be un-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Libertas non recipit aestimationem. like, change, contrast, depart, deviate, differ, diverge, diver-
Freedom does not admit a valuation. Tantum bona valent, sify, exchange, fluctuate, give variety, innovate, interchange,
quantum vendipossunt. Goods are worth as much as they make a change, make different, modify, mutare, mutate,
are sold for. Res per pecuniam aestimatur, et non pecunia reorganize, rotate, shift, show variety, transfigure, transform,
per rem. The value of a thing is estimated according to its transmute, turn into, vacillate, variare, variegate, veer, waver
worth in money, but the value of money is not estimated by ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: vary the terms of an agreement
reference to property. Sapientia legis nummario pretio non
est aestimanda. The wisdom of the law cannot be computed VARYING, verb altering, bearing no resemblance,
in money value. being at variance, being contrary, being dissimilar, being
distinctly different, being distinguished from, being inhar-
VANDAL, noun criminal, defacer, demolisher, destroyer, monious, being opposite, unique, being unlike, contrasting,
evildoer, lawbreaker, pillager, plunderer, raider, ravager, departing from, differing, digressing, disagreeing, diverg-
reprobate, robber, ruiner, spoiler, transgressor, wrecker ing from, having a dissimilar opinion, lacking resembal-
ance, not comparing with, not conforming, showing con-
VANQUISH, adjective baffle, bar, beat, best, block, trasting, showing variety
break, bring down, check, checkmate, circumvent, con-
found, conquer, crush, defeat, destroy, discomfit, dispel, VEHEMENT, adjective agitated, angry, ardent, boister-
dissipate, end, floor, foil, get the better of, humble, master, ous, burning, clamorous, demonstrative, eager, earnest,
outmaneuver, outwit, overcome, overpower, override, emphatic, enthusiastic, excited, explosive, fanatical, fer-
overrun, overthrow, overwhelm, prevail over, prevent, put vens, fervent, fervid, fierce, fiery, forceful, forcible, frenzied,
a stop to, put an end to, quash, quell, rout, smash, stop, furious, glowing, headstrong, heated, hot, impassioned,
subdue, suppress, surmount, surpass, terminate, thwart, impetuous, impulsive, incitatus, inflamed, insistent, in-
trample, triumph over, trounce tense, lusty, mighty, passionate, perfervid, powerful, rabid,
rampant, strong, tempestuous, turbulent, unequivocal, ur-
VANWARD, adverb forward, frontward, headward, in gent, violent, volcanic, wild, zealous
advance, in front, in the lead, onward
VEHICLE (Car), noun automobile, carriage, means of
VARIABLE, adjective aberrant, alterable, capricious, carriage, means of transportation, means to an end, me-
changeable, changeful, erratic, faithless, fanciful, fast and dium of transportation, method of transportation, motor
loose, fickle, fitful, fluctuating, inconstant, irregular, irrespon- vehicle, transportation
sible, mercurial, modifiable, oscillating, protean, shifting,
spasmodic, uneven, unreliable, unsettled, unstable, unstead- VEHICLE (Means), noun access, agency, agent, chan-
fast, unsteady, vagrant, variant, volatile, wavering, wayward nel, conduit, contrivance, conveyor, course, device, expe-
diter, facilitator, intermediate, means to an end, mecha-
VARIANCE (Disagreement), noun alienation, alterca- nism, medium, method, path
tion, breach, contention, contrariety, controversy, differ-
ence, disaccord, discongruity, discord, discordia, discrep- VEIL, noun camouflage, cloak, cloud, concealment,
ancy, disharmony, disparity, dispute, dissensio, dissension, cover, covering, curtain, guise, involucrum, integumentum,
dissent, dissidence, disunity, divergence, diversity, divi- mantle, mask, pall, protection, screen, shade, shelter,
sion, incompatibility, nonagreement, odds, opposition, shield, shroud, visor, vizard
quarrel, rupture, split, strife, unconformity ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: pierce the corporate veil

VARIANCE (Exemption), noun anomaly, deviation, di- VENAL, adjective avaricious, bribable, corrupt, corrupt-
vergence, exception, leave, special dispensation ible, dishonorable, extortionate, grasping, greedy, merce-
nary, nummarius, purchasable, self-seeking, venalis
VARIATION, noun adaptation, adjustment, adverse-
ness, alteration, antipathy, antithesis, array, change, choice, VEND, verb auction, deal in, dispense, make a sale,
contrast, departure, deviation, difference, differentiation, di- market, offer for sale, peddle, put up for sale, retail, sell,
saccord, disagreement, discontinuity, discord, discordance, trade, unload
discrepancy, disharmony, disjunction, disparity, dissem- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: vendee, vendor, vendor’s lien
blance, dissension, dissimilarity, dissimilitude, dissonance,
distinctness, distortion, divergence, divergency, diverse- VENDOR, noun businessman, chapman, dealer,
ness, exchange, fluctuation, incongruence, incongruity, in- hawker, huckster, merchant, monger, peddler, retailer,
congruousness, inconsistency, inconsonance, inconstancy, salesman, seller, trader, tradesman
inharmoniousness, metamorphosis, modification, modula- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: good faith vendor, vendor’s liability,
tion, mutual exclusiveness, nonconformity, oppositeness, vendor’s lien, vendor’s title
opposition, reformation, reforming, remake, revision, revo-
lutionize, separateness, substitution, switch, transfiguration, VENERABLE, adjective advanced in life, ageless, at an
transformation, uniqueness, unlikeness, variance, variety advanced age, august, creditable, dateless, eminent, es-
teemed, estimable, hallowed, held in esteem, highly re-
VARIED, adjective assorted, complex, composite, garded, highly reputed, highly respectable, honorable,
compound, conglomerate, different, differing, disparate, honored, illustrious, immemorial, in favor, in high favor,

643
 VENGEANCE

noble, of repute, patriarchal, prestigious, reputable, re- VERBOSE, adjective conversational, expressive, incon-
spectable, respected, revered, time-honored, timeless, cise, superfluous, talkative, verbal, wordy
venerated, well-thought-of, worthy
VERDICT, noun adjudication, answer, assessment,
VENGEANCE, noun avengement, enmity, implacability, award, conclusion, decision, decision of a jury, declaration
malevolence, nemesis, punishment, rancor, repayment, repri- of a jury, decree of a jury, definitive answer, determination,
sal, retaliation, retribution, retributive punishment, revenge- finding, iudicium, judgment, opinion of the jury, pro-
fulness, ultio, vendetta, vengefulness, vindicta, vindictiveness nouncement of a jury, resolution by a jury, ruling, sentence,
sententia
VENGEFULNESS, noun acrimony, anger, avengement, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: adverse verdict, arbitrary verdict,
danger, dangerousness, feud, getting even, hostility, impla- compromise verdict, directed verdict, estoppel by verdict,
cableness, inexorableness, intractableness, punitiveness, excessive verdict, final verdict, general verdict, incongru-
recrimination, reprisal, retaliation, retribution, revenge, ous verdict, informal verdict, judgment notwithstanding
spitefulness, unappeasableness, unforgivingness, vendetta, verdict, open verdict, partial verdict, quotient verdict, re-
vengeance, vindictiveness, wrath, wrathfulness corded verdict, rendering of a verdict, special verdict,
unanimous verdict, void verdict
VENIRE, noun authoritative citation to appear before a FOREIGN PHRASES: Veredictum, quasi dictum veritatis; ut
court, command to appear, notification to appear, required judicium, quasi juris dictum. A verdict is, as it were, the
to attend, subpoena, summons expression of the truth; as a judgment is, as it were, the
expression of the law. Non obstante veredicto.
VENTURE, noun adventure, alea, attempt, business, Notwithstanding the verdict.
campaign, chance, crusade, danger, dangerous undertak-
ing, endeavor, enterprise, essay, experiment, facinus, VERIDICAL, adjective authentic, bona fide, genuine,
gamble, hazard, investment, jeopardy, move, periculum, honest, inartificial, legitimate, natural, real, sincere, true,
peril, plunge, project, quest, risk, risky undertaking, specu- truth-telling, truthful, uncounterfeited, unfaked, unficti-
lation, step, task, test, trial, uncertainty, wager cious, unperjured, unpretending, unsynthetic, veracious,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: business venture, joint venture, private verifiable
venture
VERIFICATION, verb acceptance, accord, acknowl-
VENUE, noun county, jurisdiction, locale, locality, loca- edgment, affidavit, affirmance, affirmation, approval, as-
tion, neighborhood, place of jurisdiction, political subdivi- sent, assurance, attestation, authentication, authorization,
sion, position, seat, site, station, territory averment, avouchment, certification, check, confirmation of
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: forum non conveniens authority, confirmation of truth, declaration, formal asser-
FOREIGN PHRASES: Triatio ibi semper debet fieri, ubi ju- tion, legal pledge, oath, solemn averment, solemn avowal,
ratores meliorem possunt habere notitiam. Trial solemn declaration, substantiation, swearing, validation,
ought always to be had where the jurors can have the warrant
best information.
VERIFY (Prove), verb accredit, acknowledge, agree to,
VERACIOUS, adjective aboveboard, accurate, believ- agree with, approve, assent, assure, attest, authenticate,
able, candid, credible, ethical, factual, frank, honest, honor- authorize, avow, bear out, certify, charter, check, circum-
able, ingenuous, legitimate, noble, precise, principled, stantiate, commend, concur, confirm, confirmare, consent,
sincere, straightforward, straight-talking, truthful, truth- corroborate, document, endorse, establish, establish the
telling, upstanding, with certitude, with verity truth of fortify, give evidence, guarantee, license, make
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: veracious witness certain, make sure, pass, permit, probare, produce evi-
dence, prove, prove the accuracy, prove the truth, review
VERACITY, noun accuracy, actuality, artlessness, au- and approve, sanction, seal, second, substantiate, support,
thenticity, candidness, candor, conformity to fact, correct- sustain, uphold, validate
ness, credibility, exactitude, exactness, factualness, faith-
fulness, frankness, genuiness, guilelessness, honesty, VERIFY (Swear), verb affirm, asseverate, attest, avouch,
ingenuousness, integrity, precision, principle, probity, avow, declare, evidence, guarantee, state, testify, vouch
rectitude, sincerity, trustworthiness, truth, truthfulness, for, vow, warrant, witness
veraciousness, veridicality, veritas, verity, virtue ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: verify pleadings
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: reputation for veracity, veracity of a
witness VERSATILE, adjective able, adaptable, all-around,
all-purpose, capable, changeable, gifted, handy, incon-
VERBAL, adjective audible, expressed, nuncupative, stant, many-sided, multifaceted, multipurpose, resource-
oral, parole, pronounced, recited, spoken, stated, unwrit- ful, talented
ten, uttered, verbum, voiced, vox
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: statute of frauds, verbal acts, verbal VEST, verb authorize, bestow upon, clothe, confer, con-
agreements, verbal contracts, verbal gift, verbal no fault sign, empower, enable, endow, entrust, establish, furnish,
threshold give authority, give control, invest, place authority, place
control, put in possession, sanction
VERBATIM, adjective exact, following the letter, literal, ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: contingently vested, estate vested
precise, true to the letter, word-for-word subject to being divested, indefeasibly vested, vested es-
tate, vested future estate, vested gift, vested in possession,
VERBATIM, adverb chapter and verse, in the same vested interest, vested legacy, vested property right,
words, literally, literatim, strictly to the letter, to the letter, vested remainder, vested remainder subject to open,
word for word vested right, vesting of title

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VEST IN, verb authorize, become effective, confer, con- VICE, noun atrocity, bad habit, blemish, corruption, de-
sign, empower, enable, endow, entrust, establish, furnish, bauchery, defect, deficiency, degeneracy, delinquency, de-
give, give authority, give control, grant a right in, invest, pravation, depravity, dereliction, dissipation, dissoluteness,
place authority, place control, sanction, start effectively evil, excess, failing, failure, fault, flaw, foible, fraility, immoral
habit, immorality, imperfection, impurity, inadequacy, incon-
VESTED, adjective bestowed, earned, empowered, tinence, indecency, indulgence, infamy, infirmity, iniquity,
endowed, established, owned, vouchsafed lack, lewdness, libertinism, licentiousness, looseness, mar,
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: pension rights maleficence, malignance, misconduct, misdeed, obliquity,
outrage, perversion, profligacy, shortcoming, sin, sinfulness,
VETERAN, adjective adept, adroit, apt, capable, deft, transgression, turpitude, unchastity, vileness, wantonness,
dexterous, disciplined, experienced, expert, facile, fin- weak point, weakness, wickedness, wrong, wrongdoing
ished, knowing, practiced, proficient, qualified, sea-
soned, skilled, sophisticated, talented, trained, tried, VICINITY, noun area, confines, environs, neighbor-
world-wise hood, outskirts, precincts, propinquity, proximity, purlieu,
region, scene, setting, suburbs, surroundings, territory, zone
VETERAN, noun dean, expert, knowing person, old
campaigner, old soldier, person of experience, practiced VICIOUS, adjective abandoned, acrimonious, atrocious,
hand, senior statesman, sophisticate barbarous, beastly, blameworthy, brutal, censurable, con-
trary, corrupt, criminal, cruel, dangerous, debased, degener-
VETO, noun ban, bar, denial, disallowance, embargo, ate, demoralized, depraved, devilish, diabolical, disgraceful,
forbiddance, inhibition, injunction, intercessio, interdict, in- evil, evil-minded, ferocious, fierce, flawed, foul, frightful,
terdiction, interference, negative, prevention, prohibition, given to vice, guilty, hateful, heinous, horrid, ill-disposed,
proscription, refusal of approval, refusal to sanction, rejec- ill-natured, immoral, imperfect, improper, impure, incorrigi-
tion, restraint, restriction, taboo ble, inhuman, inimical, iniquitous, malevolent, malicious,
malign, malignant, mean, merciless, mischievous, nasty, of-
VEX, verb acerbate, aggravate, anger, annoy, badger, fensive, pernicious, perverse, profligate, recalcitrant, refrac-
bedevil, beleaguer, beset, bother, chafe, chivy, concern, tory, reprehensible, reprobate, savage, scandalous, shame-
distress, disturb, envenom, gall, harass, harry, incense, in- less, spiteful, steeped in vice, treacherous, turpis, uncivilized,
furiate, irk, irritate, miff, offend, pester, provoke, rankle, roil unfriendly, unprincipled, unrighteous, unruly, untamed, ven-
omous, vile, villainous, virulent, vitiosus, wicked, wrong
VEXATIOUS, adjective aggravating, annoying, both- ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: vicious propensity
ersome, disturbing, exasperating, galling, harassing, irk-
some, irritating, maddening, pestering, provocative, pro- VICISSITUDES, noun alteration, alternating condi-
voking, syncophantic, tiresome, troublesome, trying, tions, alternation, changes, fluctuations, interchanges,
wearisome modifications, successions, successive phases, transforma-
tions, ups and downs, variations
VEXATIOUS LITIGATION, noun bad faith litigation,
harassment through the courts, nuisance action, pursuit of VICTIM, noun casualty, complainant, complaining wit-
a meritless action, sanctionable litigation ness, hostia, injured, prey, quarry, sufferer, target, unfortu-
ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS: frivolous lawsuit, meritless motions nate person, unlucky person, victima

VIABLE, adjective acceptable, actable, alive, appropri- VICTIMIZE, verb beguile, betray, cheat, con, damage,
ate, apt, capable of development, capable of growth, con- deceive, defraud, delude, do out of, dupe, exploit, fast-talk,
ceivable, doable, effective, effectual, efficacious, encourag- finagle, fleece, flimflam, fool, hoodwink, injure, mislead,
ing, expedient, favorable, feasible, functional, imaginable, obtain under false pretenses, prey on, snooker, subject to a
legitimate, likely, living, logical, operative, performable, swindle, subject to fraud, swindle, take advantage of, to
plausible, possible, potential, practicable, practical, promis- subject to fraud, trick, use
ing, propitious, reasonable, sensible, sound, suitable, think-
able, usable, useful, valid, vital, workable VIEW (Opinion), noun advice, apprehension, aspect,
assumption, attitude, belief, concept, conception, conclu-
VIATICAL AGREEMENT, noun buying a life insurance sion, conviction, credence, creed, discernment, doctrine,
policy for a lump sum, financial assistan