29

ASSIGNMENT # 2
DEADLINE: RETURN AT THE END OF THE LABORATORY SESSION
OPTION 1: Deposit a physical copy in the cart (front of the lab)
OPTION 2: Submit an electronic copy (i.e., PDF file) through the LMS platform (Canvas)

Bimal Khanal
NAME: ______________________________________ STUDENT #: ___________
12325284 DATE: ____________
Thursday sep 15 ,

IN PERSON LABORATORY WORK AND IDENTIFICATION OF PHENOTYPES

WORTH 30% OF ASSIGNMENT GRADE (Q#1-2)

1. After observing the F1 flies under the dissecting scope, please summarize the obtained data in the
table below. Please double check the phenotypes with your TA. y=yellow, w=white, m=miniature,
se=sepia, WT= wild-type. NOTE: To get full marks, please record your observed results in the
electronic file available in the link in the Canvas modules (Lab # 2).

Males Females Total

y-w-m se WT y-w-m se WT
Total 15 O O 002843
Is there any major difference (i.e., bias) between the phenotype of male vs. female flies?
For example: All males are mutants (none are wild-type); All females are wild-type (none are mutants)
*This may be considered evidence of the presence of sex-linkage*

V
YES: ____ NO: ____

2. Based on your analysis of the obtained F1 data, please propose the mode of inheritance of the different
mutations. HINT: Consider the phenotype of the P1 and P2 flies. Then, carefully analyze the segregation
of the traits in the F1 flies.

P1 Female: yellow body, P2 Male: Sepia eyes (wild

white eyes, miniature wing type for the other traits)

F1 males phenotype: yellow body, white eyes

______________________________________________ miniature wings

WT
F1 females phenotype: ______________________________________________
 30
-Based on your analysis, please propose the most probable genetics model of inheritance for the traits
(fill with an “X”):

Body color:

The gene is: Autosomal: ____ Sex-linked: X

____

The wild-type allele (trait) is: Dominant: X

____ Recessive: ____

The yellow allele (trait) is: Dominant: ____ Recessive: X

____

Eye color (white vs. wild-type):

The gene is: Autosomal: ____ Sex-linked: X

____

The wild-type allele (trait) is: Dominant: X

____ Recessive: ____

The white allele (trait) is: Dominant: ____ Recessive: X

____

Wing shape color:

The gene is: Autosomal: ____ Sex-linked: X

____

The wild-type allele (trait) is: Dominant: X

____ Recessive: ____

The miniature allele (trait) is: Dominant: ____ Recessive: X

____

Eye color (sepia vs. wild-type) HINT: The sepia locus is located on an autosome.

The gene is: Autosomal: __X_ Sex-linked: ____

The wild-type allele (trait) is: Dominant: X

____ Recessive: ____

The sepia allele (trait) is: Dominant: ____ Recessive: X

____
 31
RAPID TEST: MAKE PREDICTIONS USING A PROPOSED MODEL

3. Assume that the yellow body, white eyes and miniature wings are recessive and sex-linked mutations.
The sepia eye color mutation is an autosomal and recessive mutation. Please provide the genotype of
the P1 yellow body, white eyes, miniature wing females and P2 sepia-eyed males (both are homozygous).
Use the notation for Drosophila research (pages 11-12).

yum
Sellse
-

-
P1 yellow, white, mini females: ___________________________________
+ 1 t
M
P2 sepia-eyed males:
·
Sellse -
___________________________________

4. Please provide the expected phenotype and genotype of the F1 flies. Show your work.

ht
P1: y-w-m females:
sellset
__________________
y
m X P2: sellse -
sepia males: __________________

Gametes
Set yum
Set ↳WM

1 1

yuint yumt
+

Sear Setllse Setllse ywm

yum

yum

See Settle wi ,
Settle ,

, Settle Iw*.
um

F1 genotype(s): Setllse
___________________________________________________

All males have a Mutatated features

F1 phenotypes(s): ___________________________________________________
The females are all wild type
 32
5. Do these expected results (question # 4) correspond with the observed data (question # 1)?
↳

v
YES: ____ NO: ____

Please provide a brief explanation:

Yes, the expected results Match the observed because we

_________________________________________________ ,

expected the results to be that the males recieve

_________________________________________________
genes We got this result by doing
_________________________________________________
the Mutents to .
test a

known pure breeds and the observed met the

_________________________________________________
cross from

_________________________________________________
expected I wasalsoobservedthatch Make is generates
linked
a X ressive transfer
gene
.

GENETICS PROBLEM: IMPROVE YOUR SOLVING SKILLS

In Drosophila melanogaster, Curly is dominant over normal wings (wild type) and brownish body color
(wild type) is dominant over ebony body color (black). Assume that both genes are located on different
autosomes. The following cross between two pure lines (i.e., homozygous) is performed:

P1: females, Curly wings x P2: males, ebony body color

 33
Answer the following questions:

6. Based on the genetics notation used in Drosophila, please provide the genotypes of P1 Curly-wing
females and P2 ebony body males.

Hint: For the notation, please consider the following information: females carry the Curly
mutation (Cy) and the wild type allele for body color (b+). The males carry the ebony mutation
(b) and the wild type allele for wing shape (Cy+)

P1 Curly-wing females: cyllcy bib

________________ cybt
P1 Gametes: ______________

P2 ebony body males:

cytlcyt bllb
________________ cy+ b
P2 Gametes: ______________

7. Based on your answer to the previous question, please provide the expected phenotype and genotype
of the F1 flies.

Make a Punnet square if you need it:

cybr
Gametes

cytb cylcy btlb

Phenotype: Curly wings & wild type body
_____________________________________________________

Genotype: cytlcy btllb

_____________________________________________________
 34
8. What are the F phenotypic proportions (Ex. 9/16) expected by crossing the F males and females?
0 2
Show your work using the Punnet square template.
1

cytlcy btlb X btilb

F1 genotype: ________________ cytlcy
F1 genotype: ________________

Gametes
Cyt it cy b
↑
at
cybt cyb a

no
Cuty
mild-type
curty

cytily btlb cy Hy bHb cytiky btllb cyt/cy bab

WT wi
t I

cyt bt
I I

Wt
at curly

~b cytilcy btlb cytky bilb

WI ~I

cy+b cyt/cy btlbcyHayt

Carly ebony

build cycy
wi
any
brib cyllcy
curty

cybt cyttcy btilb bllb

cyttlcy
+

bilb
Curly

cylladfilb cycly
Carly Curly

cyb +b cy+ bilb

cytlcy ky Curdy ebony

Phenotypic proportions:
&

Curly wings & Wild type body : 9/16

& ebony : 3/16
Curly wings
Wild type a Wild type : 3/16
wild type a
ebony · 1/16
 35
9. In Drosophila melanogaster, Bar-shaped eyes are dominant to normal eyes (the most common
phenotype is normal). Assume that this is an autosomal gene and use the Drosophila genetics notation.

- How would you designate the genotype of a homozygous Bar-eyed fly? _________ BlE
I *

BIB
- How would you designate the genotype of a normal-eye fly? ___________

Bar eyes
- What is the phenotype of a heterozygous fly? ____________

- What is the result of a cross between a heterozygous Bar-eyed fly to a normal-eyed fly?. Show your
work using a Punnet square.

B Bt

Bt BlBt Bt It

Bt BlBt BA1Bt
BHBU and BH1Bt
genotype :

phenotype : I Bar eyes I normal eyes

,
 36
COMPUTER SIMULATIONS (CGS)

Remember: for this assignment, you will use the data collected from the simulated crosses using the
Lab2:DihybridCross wild population. To describe the phenotypes, reduce the ratio to its lowest
terms (Ex., 3.1:1).
*All crosses performed at the GCS correspond to hypothetical simulated and randomized data. The
actual genetics basis of the genes in nature may be different*

Based on the simulation of several crosses (dihybrid), you need to determine the genetics model of two
traits (I.e., Dominant vs. Recessive; Autosomal vs. Sex-linked). Please simulate the following crosses
using the Lab2:DihybridCross population and fill the tables with the required information.

Hint: When you are studying a cross that includes several traits, start your analysis with one
trait at a time. For example, start by crossing two flies with the same wing shape without
considering the body color.

10. Wing shape: perform three independent crosses between a wild-type female and a wild-type male.
Record the data in the scoring tables. The number of obtained flies is available in the “show details” tab
of each corresponding vial.

10Male#:____
Female#___ 38 Female#___ 146
80 Male#:____ Female#___
232 Male#:____
237

I 2 3

00 0 ⑧ O 0 O 0 O

0 O O O O 0 O
00

O 00 0 O 0
2
000

144 141 285 240 138278 195195 390

I 0 1 ⑦ I O

X
Is there any major difference (i.e. bias) between the phenotype numbers of male vs. female flies? ____
For example: All males Curly (none wild-type); All females wild-type (none Curly).
*This may be considered evidence of the presence of sex-linkage*
 37
11. Wing shape: perform three independent crosses between a wild-type female and a Curly-winged
male. Record the data in the scoring tables. Make sure that you use different parental flies each time
you perform a cross.

264
278Male#:____
Female#___ Female#___
207Male#:____
↑

230 Female#___ 67
75 Male#:____
4 5 6

O 00 0 00

193191 384 074 338

184 80 74 154
O 0 ① 00 0 000

000 O 00 8184165

0 I O I 1007 2

X
Is there any major difference (i.e. bias) between the phenotype numbers of male vs. female flies? ____
For example: All males Curly (none wild-type); All females wild-type (none Curly).
*This may be considered evidence of the presence of sex-linkage*

12. Wing shape: perform three independent crosses between a Curly-winged female and a wild-type
male. Record the data in the scoring tables. Make sure that you use different parental flies each time
you perform a cross.

Female#___ 246
46 Male#:____ 246
184Male#:____
Female#___ Female#___ 286
220 Male#:____

7 - 8 9

000 00 O 00 0
68 80 148 198155353 125131256
000 O O O 000
8866134 O O 0 000

I 2 10
.
0 I 0 I

X
Is there any major difference (i.e. bias) between the phenotype numbers of male vs. female flies? ____
For example: All males Curly (none wild-type); All females wild-type (none Curly).
*This may be considered evidence of the presence of sex-linkage**
 38
13. Wing shape: perform three independent crosses between a Curly-winged female and a Curly-
winged male. Record the data in the scoring tables. Make sure that you use different parental flies each
time you perform a cross.

Female#___ 113
110 Male#:____ 5
Female#___ Male#:____ 73
21 Male#:____
Female#___
10 812 22

00 0 00 0 000
186 189375 00⑧ 128 127 255
O O O 124 138262 000
O 00 000 O 00

O I O I O I
X
Is there any major difference (i.e. bias) between the phenotype numbers of male vs. female flies? ____
For example: All males Curly (none wild-type); All females wild-type (none Curly).
*This may be considered evidence of the presence of sex-linkage*

14. Based on your analysis of the previous twelve crosses, propose a genetics model of inheritance for
the wing shape trait:

v
Can you determined the mode of inheritance using the collected data: YES: _____ NO:______

If your answer is “NO”, try performing additional crosses (wild-type x Curly) until you are
completely sure about your conclusions.

Wild-type wing is: Dominant: _________ X

Recessive: ___________

Curly wing shape is: X

Dominant: _________ Recessive: ___________

The wing shape gene (trait) is: X

Autosomal: _________ Sex-linked: ___________

Does the genetics model of the simulation correspond to that of question # 6?. Please explain

yes , the result of these test proven , that

_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
&

curly wings are a autosomal Dominant genes

compared normal , the #6 question was atest cross e the
_______________________________________________________
Simulation proved the test cross between wild type a curly
showed curly is more dominant looking at vile 43 6 proves. , our

genetic Model is acceptable .

 39
In the following section, you will focus on the analysis of the second trait (body color).

15. Body color: perform three independent crosses between a wild-type female and a wild-type male.
Record the data in the scoring tables. The number of obtained flies is available in the “show details” tab
of each corresponding vial.

Female#___ 286
278 Male#:____ Female#___ 237
229 Male#:____ Female#___
B5 Male#:____ 146
25 14 13

o8 088
o O O O

O 0 000 O
O O 0 O 0 0 000
10 150 320 139123 262 182157339

I 0 I O 1 0

X
Is there any major difference (i.e. bias) between the phenotype numbers of male vs. female flies? ____
For example: All males ebony (none wild-type); All females wild-type (none ebony).
*This may be considered evidence of the presence of sex-linkage*

16. Body color: perform three independent crosses between a wild-type female and an ebony body
male. Record the data in the scoring tables. Make sure that you use different parental flies each time
you perform a cross.

Female#___ 120
B4 Male#:____ III Male#:____
Female#___ 210 Female#___
98 Male#:____
122

16 17 18

112 81 192 151 RY 275 211 189 400

76 97 173 000 O O 0

00 0 613899 0

8
O

⑧ 0 0
000 o o

I 1 11
. O 1 0 1

X
Is there any major difference (i.e. bias) between the phenotype numbers of male vs. female flies? ____
For example: All males ebony (none wild-type); All females wild-type (none ebony).
*This may be considered evidence of the presence of sex-linkage*
 40
17. Body color: perform three independent crosses between an ebony body female and a wild-type
male. Record the data in the scoring tables. Make sure that you use different parental flies each time
you perform a cross.

48 Male#:____
Female#___ 178 157
Female#___ Male#:____ is Male#:____
15620
Female#___ 72
19 21

8786173 O 00 00 0
0
89 88 177 O 0 000
O O O 88 90 178 152 141 293
0 O 0 82 93 174 O 00

1 02
. 1 1 02
. I O I

X
Is there any major difference (i.e. bias) between the phenotype numbers of male vs. female flies? ____
For example: All males ebony (none wild-type); All females wild-type (none ebony).
*This may be considered evidence of the presence of sex-linkage*

18. Body color: perform three independent crosses between an ebony body female and an ebony body
male. Record the data in the scoring tables. Make sure that you use different parental flies each time
you perform a cross.

196 Male#:____
Female#___ 150 Female#___
153Male#:____
152 Female#___
119 Male#:____
27

22 23 24

215173388 193190383 208 189 397

000 000 000

0 O O O 00 O
00

0 00 0
0 O 0 O O

0 I O I 0 I

A
Is there any major difference (i.e. bias) between the phenotype numbers of male vs. female flies? ____
For example: All males ebony (none wild-type); All females wild-type (none ebony).
*This may be considered evidence of the presence of sex-linkage*
 41
19. Based on your analysis of the previous twelve crosses, propose a genetics model of inheritance for
the body color trait:

v NO:______
Can you determine the mode of inheritance using the collected data: YES: _____
If your answer is “NO”, try performing additional crosses until you are completely sure.

Wild-type body color is: X

Dominant: _________ Recessive: ___________

Ebony body color is: Dominant: _________ X

Recessive: ___________

The body color gene (trait) is: Autosomal: _________X Sex-linked: ___________

Does the genetics model of the simulation correspond to that of question # 6?. Please explain

Yes , question #6 was a test cross that

_______________________________________________________
hypothesized that wild typebody color was
_______________________________________________________
I
dominant over ebony a the Simulation proved it,
_______________________________________________________ by
looking at vile #19 , provides a contex that
I
↑

these wild type is dominant over Mutant .

*IMPORTANT NOTE*:
Remember to return your assignment at the END of the lab session or to submit an electronic copy
(i.e., scanned PDF file) through CANVAS
 42

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