LESSON 1: VALUES AND DEVELOPMENT  Creative thinking using an analytical ability, thinking creatively

OF LIFE SKILLS : INTEGRATION OF LIFE  Interpersonal relationship skills and critically, and developing problem-solving
SKILLS  Self-awareness building skills skills and improving decision-making abilities.
Basic Life skills  Empathy • Social skills: Social skills include
 Emotions interpersonal skills, communication skills,
 "the abilities for adaptive and positive
Self-awareness, self-esteem, and self-confidence are leadership skills, management skills, advocacy
behaviour that enable individuals to deal essential tools for understanding one’s strengths and skills, co-operation and team building skills,
effectively with the demands and weaknesses. etc.
challenges of everyday life" (WHO).  Consequently, the individual is able to discern • Emotional skills: Emotional skills, involves,
 “a behaviour change or behaviour available opportunities and prepare to face knowing and being comfortable with oneself.
development approach designed to possible threats. This leads to the development Thus, self– management, including
address a balance of three areas: of a social awareness of the concerns of one’s managing/coping with feelings, emotions,
knowledge, attitude and skills” family and society. Subsequently, it is possible stress and resisting peer and family pressure.
(UNICEF). to identify problems that arise within both the IMPARTING LIFE SKILLS EDUCATION IN
The World Health Organization (WHO) family and society. CLASSROOM
 Life skills enable effective communication, for The significance of life skills education and in the
categorizes life skills into the following three
example, being able to differentiate between following section researchers have tried to attempt, how
components: hearing and listening and ensuring that with the help of simple activities it can be implemented
 Critical thinking skills/Decision-making messages are transmitted accurately to avoid in classroom settings
skills – include decision making/problem miscommunication and misinterpretations.  Classroom Discussions Brainstorming
solving skills and information gathering UNICEF promotes the understanding that the life  Role Plays Groups
skills. The individual must also be skilled skills approach can be successful if the following are  Educational Games and Simulations
at evaluating the future consequences of undertaken together:  Analysis of Situation and Case Studies
their present actions and the actions of a) The Skills -This involves a group of Storytelling
others. psychosocial and interpersonal skills which are  Debates
 Interpersonal/Communication skills – interlinked with each other. LIFE SKILLS FOR CAREER SUCCESS
b) Content - To effectively influence behavior, What are the basic life skills you need in the workplace?
include verbal and non-verbal
skills must be utilized in a particular content There are several life skills you will need both in and
communication, active listening, and the area. “What are we making decisions about?" out of the workplace, including:
ability to express feelings and give Learning about decision-making will be more • Communication - ability to communicate
feedback. meaningful if the content is relevant and effectively is critical in all areas of life
 Coping and self-management skills - remains constant. • Resiliency -earning to cope with failure
refers to skills to increase the internal c) Methods - Skills-based education cannot occur and developing resiliency are essential for
locus of control, so that the individual when there is no interaction among success.
believes that they can make a difference in participants. It relies on groups of people to be • Decision-making - knowing how to
the world and affect change.Stress and effective. Interpersonal and analyze situations, weigh different options
time management are key, as are positive According to UNICEF, Life Skills are a behavior and make the best possible decisions
change or behavior development approach designed based on the information they have.
thinking and relaxation techniques
to address balance of three areas: • Cooperation - Improving cooperation
What are the Core Life Skill Strategies and
 Knowledge skills may require you to strengthen your
Techniques?
 Attitude conflict management skills,
UNICEF, UNESCO and WHO list the ten core life skill
 Skills. communication and leadership skills,
strategies and techniques as:
Life skill has been classified into three broad empathy and/or teamwork.
 Problem solving skills
categories: • Ability to accept constructive criticism
 Critical thinking
• Thinking skills: Thinking skills are the skill
 Effective communication skills
that enhances the logical faculty of the brain
 Decision making
 • Time-management -essential for staying  Being creative Helping others: Providing assistance to
self- disciplined and meeting goals and Extrinsic Values individuals or groups
deadlines  High pay  Prestige: Having high standing
• Technology - being comfortable with the  Job security  Job security: Enjoying a high probability that
use of equipment and software that is  Job benefits you will remain employed
standard in the workplace  Status in wider community  Collaboration: Working with others
LESSON 2: WORK VALUES & CAREER  Social contacts  Helping society: Contributing to the betterment
CHOICES  Time with family of the world
 Work values are the subset of one’s beliefs and  Time for hobbies  Compensation: receiving adequate pay
ideas that are related to their job. IMPORTANCE OF WORK VALUES  Utilizing Your Skills and Background: Using
 These core principles are an important part of who  Values are a key component of a healthy your education and work experience to do your
you are. They include things like honesty, service, workplace culture because they clarify how job
self-respect, respect for others, peace, and your organization, and its staff should behave.  Leadership: Supervising/ Managing others
success. Therefore, one must identify what work They provide the framework within which you  Creativity: Using your own ideas
values they cherish most before deciding to they can test decisions, accomplish tasks, and  Variety: Doing different activities
make career choices or deciding to accept a job interact with others.  Challenge: Performing tasks that are difficult
offer.  Values help organizations determine a range of or new to you
INTRINSIC VS. EXTRINSIC WORK VALUES acceptable behaviors, defining for leaders and  Leisure: having adequate time away from work
Intrinsic Values- are those which are inherently employees alike which actions are encouraged  Recognition: Receiving credit for
rewarding; such as creativity, social justice, and and which are unacceptable. Values tell staff achievements
connection with nature. what is good for the organization and what  Artistic Expression: expressing one’s artistic
 doesn’t have to do with the actual tasks is unhealthy talents
involved in practicing a particular occupation  employers like to see certain work values in  Influence: Having the ability to affect people’s
or doing a job. They include helping others, employees and will not hire people who don't opinions and ideas
doing challenging work, and being an show their actual true values at work. To OTHER WORK VALUE TESTS:
exemplary leader. help avoid these problems, career values help  Donald Super's Work Values Inventory (WVI)
Extrinsic Values- people uncover their real values and use them – Donald Super
 are centered on external approval or rewards; to make better career choices. This will include  The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) -
for instance, wealth, social status, self-image, the use of a self-assessment tool called a work based on the theory of psychological by Carl
and personal security. value inventory /test. Taking a work values test Jung by Isabel Briggs Myers
 are qualities as seen as external rewards for the can help you identify your career and work  BIG FIVE INVENTORY (BFI) by Lewis
work that has been accomplished. Personal values. Goldenberg
work can still have extrinsic value whether or EXAMPLES OF ITEMS THAT APPEAR ON A CORE WORK VALUES
not you find your work personally meaningful WORK VALUE INVENTORY  The core values of a workplace vary from
 are concerned with the by-products of an  Examples and definitions of work values organization to organization. One employer,
occupation or job. In other words, they refer to  Achievement: Doing work that yields results for example, might value honesty above
what you get out of your work, rather than  Independence: Working and making decisions everything else and conduct their business
what you put into it. Examples of extrinsic on your own accordingly. Another might consider efficiency
values include high earnings, recognition, and  Recognition: Receiving for your work or productivity as the pinnacle of their business’
job security.  Relationships: Working alongside coworkers hierarchy of values.
INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC as well as helping others  Core work values are those principles that
Intrinsic Values  Support: Having supportive management matter most to you and that you’ll ultimately
 Interesting work Challenging work  Working Conditions: Being in an environment use as a guide to all of your future professional
 Learning new things that you’re comfortable with decisions and actions.
 Making important contributions  Autonomy: Receiving little or no supervision
 Responsibility and autonomy
EXAMPLES OF CORE WORK VALUES  Loyalty  Able to relate and communicate across cultural
 Honesty and integrity. Abstaining from  Comradery barriers
lies, falsehoods, and cheating.  Citizenship  Willing to work for the common good
 Philanthropy. Aimed at helping others  Respect  Responsible citizenship both as local and global
and making a positive difference in the  Caring citizens
lives of those who are less fortunate Employers are required to comply with the protections A greater emphasis in understanding values has added
 Financial Success. Striving to obtain these laws offer to employees can be used as a meaning to education and life as a whole. Values may
large quantities of money and material springboard to create workplace ethics, such as: be seen as the guide for an individual as he course
wealth - Anti-discrimination policies through his journey throughout his whole life.
 Work/life balance.- Prioritizing a healthy - Anti-harassment policies
and happy medium between one’s - Policies for interaction with clients The part schools play in the teaching of values and the
professional and personal lives. - Safety policies part values play in the organization of schools are
 Creativity. An ambition to create more WHY WORK ETHICS IS IMPORTANTT? closely connected. The values of schools are evident in
original and innovative material at work - they keep all members of an organization their organization, curriculum and discipline procedures,
 Environmental sustainability. Aiming to accountable for their actions. as well as in the relationships between teachers and
reduce one’s impact and to increase public - Maintaining a strong, ethical code creates a students.
awareness of environmental issues sense of security through boundaries for
 Fame. Endeavoring to become a celebrity employees. It also enables management to Values are reflected in what teachers choose to permit
or (at least) a well-known public figure. make decisions that benefit the company as a or encourage inside and outside the classroom. Students
 Health and wellness. Prioritizing the whole while meeting consumer and employee learn values on how teachers respond to students’
maintenance of one’s physical, needs. contributions to learning.
psychological, and emotional wellbeing. - By creating boundaries for employees at all “As simple as seating arrangements in a classroom
 Leadership. A desire to be a mentor to levels, workplace ethics help employees feel convey certain values. When teachers insist on
others, motivate them, and achieve greater valued. precision and accuracy in student’s work, or praise their
levels of success. - In a workplace with no ethical standards, an use of imagination, or censure racist or sexist language,
WORK ETHICS employee might feel like she cannot speak to a or encourage them to show initiative, or respond with
 Work ethic is a belief that work and diligence supervisor about her sexual harassment interest, patience or frustration to their ideas, children
have a moral benefit and an inherent ability, experience, or as if she has no guidance on are being introduced to values and value-laden issues”
virtue or value to strengthen character and how to manage interactions with a difficult (cf. Jackson, Boostrom and Hansen, 1993).
individual abilities. It is a set of values centered on customer. A Value-based education has an essential part to play in
importance of work and manifested by - Just as in romantic and family relationships, the holistic development of the individual and the path
determination or desire to work hard. ethics serve to create healthy relationships towards a better world for everyone
 Work ethics are the moral guidelines that an between colleagues. For the youth to become exemplary citizens, practical
organization as a whole, and the individuals who - Maintaining ethical standards helps companies learning is not enough. They should also learn “lessons
comprise it, follow to comply with state and maintain strong relationships with consumers that are fundamental to living in harmony and social
federal laws. by setting precedents in their industries that progress such as respect, empathy, equality,
 Work ethics also are the basis of cohesive, command respect. solidarity and critical thinking. Without these and
supportive company culture and an important way LESSON 3: PROMOTING VALUES EDUCATION other ethical principles that define us as human beings,
for a company to build a strong relationship with AMONG YOUNG ADULTS it will be difficult for us to build a better world.
its customers. Teaching values education- Through values THE AIMS OF VALUES EDUCATION
EXAMPLES OF WORK ETHICS education, the school hopes to develop young people  This concept is about the educational
 Trustworthiness who are: process that instil moral standards to
 Integrity  Committed to the national values of democracy, create more civil and democratic societies.
 Fairness justice, equity, freedom, peace, independence,  Values education therefore promotes
 Responsibility security among many others tolerance and understanding above and
 Accountability beyond our political, cultural and religious
  differences, putting special emphasis on Respect for the environment 4. The Filipino concept of justice has evolved
the defense of human rights, the protection  Values education makes us aware of the from inequality to equality, and to human
of ethnic minorities and the most consequences of our actions on the planet and dignity; from the tribe, to the family, and to the
vulnerable groups, and the conservation of instils in us a respect for nature. nation.
the environment. Care for health POSITIVE TRAITS
CHARACTERISTIC OF VALUES EDUCATION  We need to minimize health risks by encouraging  Hospitality
 Collective Identity- Promotes respect and the right attitudes and tackling health education  Respect and Courtesy
understanding for diversity beyond, for example, from a dynamic, personal, and collective point of  Strong Family Ties and Religions
cultural, religious and ethnic differences. view.  Generosity and Helpfulness
 Critical Thinking- Stimulates creative and Critical thinking  Strong Work Ethic
systematic analysis to identify different  This way of thinking makes us more analytical and  Love and Caring
perspectives and angles to problems. observant, teaches us to recognize quality NEGATIVE TRAITS
 Cooperation- Promotes collaboration to find information and helps us to solve problems.  “Bahala na” Attitude
global solutions to problems and defend the The most common strategies in values education  Procrastination or “Mañana Habit “
collective good. include the following:  Crab Mentality
 Global Vision- Deepens knowledge of world  The rejection of discrimination, enlivening debate  Lack of self- discipline
problems, and of values such as justice, equality on moral matters and promoting collaborative  Filipino Time
and dignity. leadership. FILIPINO STRENGTHS
 Social Skills- Encourages empathy,  Denouncing harmful attitudes for society as a  Wholistic of Kabuuan Oriented
communication skills teamwork and interaction whole without stigmatizing individuals.  Family Oriented or Makatahanan
with different people.  Stressing the idea that we can all change and that  Tender and Loving (malambing)
TRADITIONAL EDUCATION VS VALUES we deserve a second chance.  Companion Oriented (mahilig sa kasama)
EDUCATION LESSON 4: PHILIPPINE CULTURE AND  People- Oriented ( Pakikipagkapwa tao)
 Both traditional education and values education SOCIETY: THE FILIFINO VALUES  Religiosity/ God-fearing (may takot sa Diyos)
are essential for the personal development of a Filipino Values  Community Oriented (makasambayanan)
person. Values help us to define our objectives  The term "Filipino value system" or "Filipino  Regionalistic
in life. values" refers to a collection of values or a value  Compassionate (maawain)
 But whilst the former teaches us about social, system that most Filipinos have historically  Strong sense of Gratitude (utang na loob)
scientific and humanistic knowledge, the latter considered being significant in their lives. FILIPINO WEAKNESS
trains us to be good citizens.  This Philippine value system is comprised of a  Extreme personalism
 As opposed to traditional education, in values distinct collection of coherent ideas, moral norms,  Extreme Family Centeredness
education there is no distinction between what ethical practices, etiquette, and cultural and  Lack of Discipline
happens inside and outside the classroom. personal values advocated by their culture.  Passivity and lack of initiative
PRINCIPAL EDUCATIONAL VALUES Filipino Values in a fourfold sense:  Colonial Mentality
 Values education covers various topics related to 1. although mankind shares universal human  Kanya Kanya Syndrome
citizenship and ethics, including: values, it is obvious that certain values take on  Lack of Self-Analysis and Self Reflection
Empathy for us a distinctively Filipino flavor. GENERALLY, COMMON FILIPINO CULTURAL
 By putting ourselves in other people's shoes both 2. when we speak of Filipino values, we do not VALUES ARE;
cognitively and emotionally, we improve our mean that elements of these Filipino values are  Irrationalism- This refers to certain
ability to resolve conflicts and understand others' absent in the value systems of other peoples superstitious beliefs of Filipinos that still
opinions. and cultures. practiced up to now. People still believed in
Equal opportunities 3. universal human values in a Filipino context gods of nature and spirits and offered them
 The principle that we are all equal is one of the (historical, cultural, socio-economic, political, foods and placate the spirits to heal the illness
pillars of democracy, and moreover it fosters moral and religious) take on a distinctive set of and provide them a good harvest.
social inclusion and community life. Filipino meanings and motivations.  Social Belongingness- Filipinos want to be
accepted by the group or to the community.
  Close family ties- The family is the most b. Pivotal Interpersonal Value
important in our life. We are totally dependent  Pakiramdam ( Shared inner perception).
with our family. We are doing things for the Filipinos use damdam, or the inner perception of others’
common good or for the benefits of the family. emotions, as a basic tool to guide his dealings with
 Sense of debt gratitude- In Filipino term, it is other people.
“utang na loob ”. We are obliged to do c. Linking Socio-personal Value
something in return for what others do for us - kagandahang-Loob ( Shared humanity).
 Emphasis on authority- Father is the head of This refers to being able to helpother people in dire
the family. Mayor is the head of the town and need due to aperception of being together as a part of
whatsoever. oneFilipino humanity.
 Personal improvement- Most Filipinos are d. Accommodative Surface values
aiming to raise their family in standard living.  Hiya (Loosely translated as “Shame”)- by
We believed that we will obtain success only Western psychologists, hiya is actually a
when we will finish our education. “Sense of Propriety”(sense of good
 “Mano po”- “Mano po" refers to a physical conduct or behavior)
gesture of taking the hand of an elder and  Utang na Loob (norm of Reciprocity).
bringing it towards your forehead. Filipinos are expected by their neighbors to return
 "Kuya" or "Ate“- The Filipino culture is very favors- whether these were asked for or not – when it is
big on respect. The older an individual is, the needed or wanted.
more they call for respect.  Pakikisama and Pakikipagkapwa (SIR-
 The power of the eyebrows- In American Smooth Interpersonal relationship).
culture, the eyebrows usually convey emotion This attitude is primarily guided by conformity with the
via a variety of facial expressions. In Filipino majority.
culture, raising your eyebrows can also e. Confrontative Surface values
communicate a positive affirmation of "yes"  Bahala Na
when a yes/no question have been asked. This attitude is loosely translated into English as
 ningas-kugon / ningas kugon- quickly going “FATALISTIC PASSIVENESS”. The term bahala na,
up in flames, refers to the Filipino cultural trait which actually came from the phrase
of very enthusiastically starting things, but “Bathala Na” which means “I will do my best, and let
then quickly losing enthusiasm soon after. God take care of the rest”
CATEGORIES OF FILIPINO VALUES:  Lakas ng Loob
a. Core Value or kapwa: (kapwa, This attitude is characterized by being courageous in the
means“togetherness”)is the core construct of Filipino midst of problems and uncertainties.
Psychology.  Pakikibaka (in English, it means
Two categories of Kapwa: CONCURRENTCLASHES. It refers to the
1. Ibang tao (“outsider”) ability of the Filipino to undertake revolutions.
 pakikitungo (civility)
 pakikisalamuha (act of mixing)
 Pakikilahok (act of joining)
 Pakikisama (being united with the group)
 Pakikibagay (conformity)
2. Hindi Ibang Tao (“one-of–us”)
 pakikipagpalagayang-loob (act of mutual trust)
 Pakikisangkot (act of joining others)
 Pakikipagkaisa being one with others