IGCSE Physics

M.Austin: No. 25-01, 25-02, Jalan Austin Heights 8/3, Taman Mount Austin (Tel: 019-7732389)

Name of Students: Teacher’s Cheng Wui Leap

Name
Subject: IGCSE Physics Class IGCSE Year 11
Topic: Chapter 4 Electricity & Magnetism (1) Lesson no: 4-R1
Sub-Topic: Date
Day/ Time
[0625_s23_qp_41] 13

7 Fig. 7.1 shows a circuit that contains a battery, a switch, a voltmeter and three 40 Ω resistors, R1,
R2 and R3.

R1 V

R3 R2

Fig. 7.1

The switch is open and resistors R1 and R2 form a potential divider.

(a) Describe what is meant by a potential divider.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) The reading on the voltmeter is 7.5 V.

(i) Calculate the electromotive force (e.m.f.) of the battery.

e.m.f. = ......................................................... [1]

(ii) The switch is closed.

Calculate the resistance of the complete circuit.

resistance = ......................................................... [3]

(c) Calculate the reading on the voltmeter when the switch is closed.

reading = ......................................................... [2]

[Total: 8]

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8 The electricity supplied to a town is transmitted using a high-voltage cable. A transformer in the
town has a soft-iron core.

(a) Explain the principle of operation of a simple iron-cored transformer.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [4]

(b) The transformer steps the supply voltage down from 220 000 V to 33 000 V.

(i) There are 450 turns on the secondary coil.

Calculate the number of turns on the primary coil.

number of turns = ......................................................... [2]

(ii) The electrical power transferred to the transformer by the high-voltage cable is 77 MW.

Calculate the current in the primary coil.

current = ......................................................... [3]

[Total: 9]

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6 An electric heater uses a resistance wire of resistance 26 Ω. The power dissipated in the resistance
wire is 2500 W.

(a) Calculate the current in the resistance wire.

current = ......................................................... [3]

(b) The resistance wire of the heater has a length of 1.2 m and a cross-sectional area of
7.9 × 10–7 m2.

A new heater is designed using wire of the same material with length 1.8 m and cross-
sectional area 5.8 × 10–7 m2.

Calculate the resistance of this wire.

resistance = ......................................................... [3]

(c) The 2500 W heater is used in a country where electricity costs 0.30 dollars per kilowatt-hour.

Calculate the cost of using the heater continuously for two days.

cost = ............................................. dollars [2]

[Total: 8]

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7 The voltage across the primary coil of a 100% efficient transformer is 220 V and the voltage across
the secondary coil is 12 V.

(a) The current in the secondary coil is 2.5 A.

Calculate the current in the primary coil.

current = ......................................................... [3]

(b) Calculate the ratio of the number of turns on the primary coil to the number of turns on the
secondary coil of the transformer.

ratio = ......................................................... [2]

[Total: 5]

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7 (a) Define potential difference (p.d.).

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) (i) State the equation which defines electromotive force (e.m.f.) E.

[1]

(ii) The e.m.f. of a battery is 9.0 V. The battery is in a circuit.

Calculate the work done by the battery when it moves a charge of 30 C around a complete
circuit.

work done = ......................................................... [2]

(c) A circuit consists of a d.c. power supply, a lamp and a thermistor.

(i) Draw a circuit diagram of these components connected in series.

[2]

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(ii) Explain what happens in the circuit you have drawn in (c)(i) when the temperature of the
thermistor is increased.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 9]

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14

8 Fig. 8.1 shows a horizontal, flat coil in a magnetic field

coil

axis
B

N A

Fig. 8.1

The coil is connected to a cell. The coil rotates.

(a) Determine the direction of movement of the side AB relative to the plane of the coil.

direction of movement = ......................................................... [1]

(b) Explain how you determined the direction in (a).

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(c) State and explain what happens to the coil as it reaches the vertical position.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(d) To operate as a motor, a split-ring commutator and brushes are added to the parts shown in
Fig. 8.1.

Explain the effects of the split-ring commutator and the brushes on the action of the motor.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 8]

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7 The electric starter motor in a car is switched on and off using a relay.

The relay consists of a plastic case and two flexible springy strips, X and Y, which are made of
soft iron. These iron strips act as the switch when a circuit is connected between the terminals W
and Z.

Fig. 7.1 shows X, Y and the plastic case.

W W
S
springy iron
X strips X

12 V car
battery
Y Y

magnetising coil
plastic case
Z Z

Fig. 7.1 Fig. 7.2

Fig. 7.2 shows the equipment from Fig. 7.1 inside a magnetising coil. The magnetising coil is in
series with the 12 V car battery and switch S, which is open.

(a) Switch S is now closed.

Explain what happens to the springy iron strips X and Y.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [3]

(b) The power of the starter motor is 1.8 kW and it is also operated by the car battery.

(i) Calculate the current in the starter motor when it is used.

current = ......................................................... [2]

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(ii) The starter motor circuit is connected between terminals W and Z.

Explain why copper wires with a large cross-sectional area are used for this circuit.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(c) Fig. 7.3 shows the relay and the symbols for the car battery and the starter motor.

W
S

12 V car
battery
Y

M
starter motor

Fig. 7.3

The springy iron strips X and Y act as the switch for the starter motor circuit.

Complete the circuit diagram for the motor circuit. [2]

[Total: 9]

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8 The unit of the two electrical quantities electromotive force (e.m.f.) and potential difference (p.d.)
is the volt (V).

(a) State one other similarity between e.m.f. and p.d.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) State one difference between e.m.f. and p.d.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) A battery consists of four cells, each of e.m.f. 1.2 V, in series.

(i) Calculate the e.m.f. of the battery.

e.m.f. = ......................................................... [1]

(ii) The battery is connected in a circuit with four 12 Ω resistors. Fig. 8.1 is the circuit diagram.

Fig. 8.1

Calculate the total resistance of this arrangement of resistors.

resistance = ......................................................... [3]

(iii) Calculate the reading on the voltmeter in Fig. 8.1.

reading = ......................................................... [2]

[Total: 8]

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7 This question is about the magnetic fields around bar magnets. Fig. 7.1 shows two positions used
by a student doing an experiment.

position 1 position 2

Fig. 7.1

(a) Fig. 7.2 shows a magnet, labelled magnet 1, placed on position 1.

magnet 1 position 2

S N

Fig. 7.2

On Fig. 7.2, draw lines to show the pattern of the magnetic field produced by magnet 1.
Place arrows on the lines to show the direction of the field. [3]

(b) Magnet 1 is removed from position 1. Fig. 7.3 shows another magnet, labelled magnet 2,
placed on position 2.

position 1 magnet 2

N S

Fig. 7.3

On Fig. 7.3, draw, at the right-hand end of position 1, a line with an arrow to show the direction
of the magnetic field produced by magnet 2. [1]

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(c) Fig. 7.4 shows magnet 1 placed on position 1 and magnet 2 placed on position 2.

magnet 1 magnet 2

S N N S

Fig. 7.4

(i) State the direction of the force that the N pole of magnet 2 exerts on the N pole of
magnet 1.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Justify your answer to (c)(i).

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 6]

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8 Fig. 8.1 shows an electrical circuit.

Y V

Fig. 8.1

(a) The light intensity at the circuit increases from dark to bright.

State any effect on the resistance of component Y.

...................................................................................................................................................

State and explain any effect on the reading of the voltmeter.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[3]

(b) The circuit shown in Fig. 8.2 is switched on for 2.0 min.

12 V

4.0 Ω

Fig. 8.2

The current in the 4.0 Ω resistor is 3.0 A and the magnitude of the charge on an electron is
1.6 × 10–19 C.

(i) Calculate the number of electrons that pass through the resistor each second.

number = ......................................................... [3]

(ii) Calculate the power dissipated by the resistor.

power = ......................................................... [2]

[Total: 8]
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7 (a) State what is meant by total internal reflection.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) Fig. 7.1 shows a ray of light from a light source in a tank containing a liquid.

tank
x
liquid ray of light

light source

Fig. 7.1

The ray of light strikes the surface of the liquid at an angle x.

(i) The refractive index of the liquid is 1.5.

Calculate the largest value of x for which total internal reflection can occur.

x = ......................................................... [3]

(ii) The speed of light in air is 3.0 × 108 m / s.

Calculate the speed of light in the liquid.

speed = ......................................................... [2]

[Total: 7]

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8 Fig. 8.1 shows apparatus used to charge a metal plate by induction.

positively charged
plastic rod

metal plate

lead connected
insulator
to earth

Fig. 8.1

(a) Describe and explain how the apparatus shown in Fig. 8.1 can be used to charge the metal
plate.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [4]

(b) Fig. 8.2 shows an electric circuit.

Fig. 8.2

On Fig. 8.2, draw an arrow to show the direction of flow of electrons and explain how you
determined the direction.

explanation ......................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 5]

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9 Fig. 9.1 shows a circuit with an alternating current (a.c.) supply, a resistor and a diode.

Fig. 9.1

The frequency of the power supply is 50 Hz.

(a) Calculate the time period (time for one complete cycle) of the a.c. supply.

time = ......................................................... [2]

(b) The peak potential difference (p.d.) across the resistor is 340 V.

p.d. / V

0
0 time / s

Fig. 9.2

On Fig. 9.2:

(i) sketch a graph to show how the p.d. across the resistor varies with time for two cycles
[2]

(ii) label the p.d. axis with the value of p.d. at the peak [1]

(iii) label the time axis with two values of time. [2]

[Total: 7]

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