jkpo;

f.ngh.j.cau;juk;
rpWfij-jpahfk;;

r%ftpay; ghu;itfSk;
gjpTfSk;
khjpup topfhl;lw; Fwpg;Gf;fSk;; tpdhtpilAk;
njhFg;ghf;fk;
jpU.v.j.n[auQ;rpj;
BA. (Hons), M.A. (Tamil), Dip.in.Edu. (Merit Pass),Dip.in.Office Administration (First class),
Dip.in.Tamil(Colombo Tamil sangam),Dip.in.School Management(NIE)
(Mrpupau;>kl;.fF - ghy;Nrid jkpo; kfh tpj;jpahyak;> fy;Flh fy;tp tyak;)

kpfKf;fpak; : ,q;F jahupf;fg;gl;L toq;fg;gLk; rpWfijapd; tpilf;Fwpg;Gf;fs;; kpFe;j

cly; cs ciog;gpy; ehDk; vdJ 2019 njhFjp khztu;fSk; Nru;e;J jahupj;j
Fwpg;Gf;fshFk;. ,tw;wpd; gjpg;Gupikia kPwhky; ehfupfkhf khztu;fSf;F
nrd;wilar; nra;Aq;fs;.
rku;g;gzk;
vd; fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; gzpapy; vd;id tsu;j;j tsu;u;j;Jf;nfhz;bUf;Fk;
vd; khztu;fSf;F ,ij rku;gpf;fpd;Nwd;.

1
jpahfk; - rpWfij : F. mofpuprhkp (1923 - 1970)
 jpUney;Ntyp khtl;lj;jpy; ,ilr;nrty; vd;Dk; rpw;W}upy; FUrhkp> jhak;khs; MfpNahUf;F
Kjy; kfdhf 23.09.1923 ,y; gpwe;jhu;. tplhKaw;rpAld; v];.v];.rp. tiu gbj;J Kbj;jhu;.
,tuplk; gs;spg; gbg;ig tpl mDgt mwpNt mjpfk; vdyhk;. 1952 - 1957 tiu kNyrpahtpy;
trpj;jhu;. 1955 ,y; rPjhnyl;Rkpia kNyrpahtpy; jpUkzk; nra;J nfhz;lhu;.
 20 Mk; E}w;whz;bd; rpWfij vOj;jhsuhfj; jpfo;e;j ,tu;> rpWfij> fl;Liu> Gjpdq;fs;>
Nkil ehlfq;fs;> ftpijfs;> fPu;j;jidfs;> nkhop ngau;g;Gfs; vd;W gy Jiwfspy; rhjid
Gupe;Js;shu;.
 1970 ,y; ,tuJ ‘md;gspg;G’ vd;Dk; rpWfijj; njhFg;gpw;F rhfpj;jpa mflkp tpUJ
toq;fg;gl;lJ. “cwf;fk; nfhs;Skh?” vd;w ,tuJ Kjy; rpWfij 1943 ,y; Mde;j Nghjpdp
khj ,jopy; gpuRukhdJ. u\;a vOj;jhsu; fhu;f;fpapd; E}iy Kjd;Kjypy; jkpohf;fk; nra;jtu;
,tu;.
 jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fNshL Nky;ehl;L ,yf;fpaq;fisAk; gbj;jhu;. mj;Jld; gioa ghly;fSf;F
ciunaOJk; Mw;wiyAk; tsu;j;Jf; nfhz;lhu;. “uhIh te;jpUf;fpwhu;” vd;w ,tuJ fij
,e;jpa nkhopfspYk; u\;a nkhopapYk; nkhopngau;f;fg;gl;l rpwe;j fijahFk;.
 1960 - 1965 tiu etrf;jp ehspjopy; gzpGupe;jhu;. ,f;fhyj;jpy; “ftpr;rf;futu;j;jp ” vd;w
tuyhw;W ehlfj;ij vOjpdhu;. ,e;ehlfk; ,tUf;Fg; ngaiuAk; GfioAk; ngw;Wj; je;jJ.
 gpd; Ie;jhz;Lfs; Rje;jpu vOj;jhsuhf ,Ue;jhu;. fbjk; vOJtijf; jkJ flikahff;
nfhz;bUe;jhu;. ,tu; vOjpa fbjq;fs; njhFf;fg;gl;L>“F. mofpuprhkp fbjq;fs;” vd;w E}yhf
ntspte;Js;sJ.
 ,tuJ rpWfijfs; xd;gJ njhFjpfshfTk; fl;Liufs; Ie;J njhFg;Gf;fshfTk;
ntspte;Js;sd. ,Ugjhk;E}w;whz;bd; rpwe;j rpWfijahrpupau;fSs; xUtuhf tpsq;fpatu;.

‘jpahfk;’ rpWfijapy; Mrpupau; ntspg;gLj;j tpise;j tplaKk; rpWfijapd; NgRnghUSk;:

 Kjyhsp> njhopyhsp rhu;e;j rpe;jidfis Vw;gLj;Jjy;.
 fjpNurd; nrl;bahu; Ntiyahl;fNshL kpfTk; fz;bg;ghf ele;Jnfhs;gtuhfj; Njhd;Wfpwhu.;
 Kbtpy; mtu;>Ntiyahl;fspd; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpy; mf;fiw kpf;f ey;Ys;sq; nfhz;ltu; vd;gJ
Gydhfpd;wJ.

fijapd; ikaf;fU:
 Nfhtpy;gl;bf; fpuhkj;jpy; kspiff; fil elj;jptUk; fjpNurd; nrl;bahh;> mq;F Ntiy nra;Ak;
igad;fSld; ntspg;ghh;itf;F kpfTk; fLikahdtuhf ele;Jnfhs;gtuhfj; Njhd;wpdhYk;
me;jg; igad;fspd; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;fhfj; jdJ eyj;ijAk; nghUl;gLj;jhJ jpahfk; nra;J
tho;fpwhh; vd;gij vLj;Jiuj;jy;.

‘jpahfk;’ rpWfijapd; fjhghj;jpuq;fs;:

fjpNurd;nrl;bahu; - kspiff;fil Kjyhsp> NrhkRe;juk;gps;is - fzf;F vOJgtu;>
\z;Kfk;gps;is(mz;zhr;rp) fjpNurd; nrl;bahuJ ez;gu;> rpg;ge;jpfs;:KUifah,ntq;flhryk;
cl;gl ehy;tu;

‘jpahfk;’ rpWfijapy; ntspg;gLj;jg;gLk; vLj;Jiug;G Kiw:

 fijg;nghUSf;Nfw;g Fiwe;jtsthd>mtrpakhd ghj;jpu thh;g;Gf;fis rpU\;bj;Jf; fij
efUkhW fij Gidag; ngWtJ rpwe;j rpWfijf;Fhpa ,yf;fzkhFk;. mt;tifapy;
,f;fijAk; fjpNurd; nrl;bahh;> NrhkRe;jug;gps;is>~z;Kfk;gps;is>filr;rpg;ge;jpfs;
MfpaFiwe;jsthd ghj;jpuq;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L vLj;Jf;nfhz;l fUit Nehf;fp
efh;j;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.
 fijahrphpaNu fijnrhy;ypahf mike;J> fijapd; gpujhd ghj;jpuj;jpd; nraw;ghl;il mwpKfk;
nra;J fijia mtuJ ghh;itapy; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ: md;Wk; fiy 10:25 f;F filf;F te;jhh;.
filf;Fs; EioAk; NghJ Kfj;ij vg;gb itj;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;LNkh xU Fwpg;gpl;l Kiwapy;
itj;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; mg;gb itj;Jf;nfhz;lhh;. ,e;j Kfghtj;jpd; gpujhd mk;rk;>
fLfLg;G> gpujhdkpy;yhj mk;rk;> xU khjphpahd tpiwg;G vd vLj;Jiuj;jy;.

2
 fjhrphpaNu fij nrhy;Ytjhf mike;j NghjpYk;> rpy ,lq;fspy; ghj;jpu ciuahliy
Kd;itj;Jk; fij tsh;j;Jr; nry;yg;gl;Ls;sJ. nrl;bahUf;F mth; nrhd;dJ tpsq;ftpy;iy.
mjdhy; “vd;d mz;zhr;rp? vd;d nrhy;wPq;f?’ vd;W Nfl;lhh; “xq;fisg; ghh;f;f vdf;F
cz;ikapNyNa ghtkh ,Uf;F. ,g;gbf; fj;jpdh xq;f xlk;Gf;F MFkh?” nrl;bahUk; jk;
epiyia vz;zpj; jhNk tUe;jpdhh;. “vd;d nra;wJ? ehk thq;fpd tuk; mg;gb me;jr;
NrhkRe;jug;gps;is eLtpy Vjhr;Rk; nra;thU.mJjhd; rhf;Fd;D nfhQ;rk; thia %LNtd;.
 jpUney;Ntyp Ngr;Rj;jkpio yhtfkhff; ifahz;L fijia tsh;j;njLj;Js;shh; “mb
nrUg;ghNy! ehNa! thiaj; njhwf;fpwpah eP? (fzf;Fg; gps;isiag; ghh;j;J) ghh;j;jPuh
NrhkRe;juk;gps;is? gay; vJj;jy;Ny nttfhuk; gz;whd;? N[hl;lhNy mbr;rp ntspNa gj;Jk;
,tid! ekf;Fr; rhpg;glhJ. fQ;rpf;fpy;yhNk nrj;j gay;fis ,uf;fg;gl;Lf; filapNy tr;rJ
vd; Kl;lhs;jdk;.
 fijapd; ,Wjpg;gFjp tiuapYk; fjpNurd; nrl;bahhpd; fLikahd Nghf;fpd; kdf;fplf;if
ntspg;glhj tifapy; mtu; nra;J te;j jpahfk; ,Wjpapy; ntspg;gLj;jg;gLk; ghq;fpy; fijia
efh;j;jpr; nrd;Ws;shh;. fijapd; ,Wjpg; gFjpapy; fjpNurd; nrl;bahh; igad;fspd;
Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;fhf jdJ eyj;ijAk; nghUl;gLj;jhJ jdJ eyidj; jpahfk; nra;J tho;e;jik
ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.
 fjpNurd; nrl;bahh; jdJ ehshe;j flikfis Mw;Wtjpy; fz;bg;ghd kdepiyNahL
fhzg;gl;likapid mtuJ nraw;ghLfs; %yk; fhl;ba fjhrphpah;>filr;rpg;ge;jpfNshL
fLikahd Kiwapy; ele;J nfhz;l fz;bg;ghd Rghtj;ij> mtuJ Vr;Rf;fs; %ykhf
EZf;fkhd Kiwapy; ntspg;gLj;jpf; fijia efh;j;jpa ghq;F Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ:“V fONj!
xd;idj; jhNd! gUg;GNy xNu fy;yhf; nflf;Fd;D nrhd;NdNd> nghlr;rp tr;rpah? vd;dlh!
,y;iyah? mg;Ngh ehd; ngha;ah nrhy;Nwd;?
 fijapy; ghj;jpuq;fspd; ciuahly;fs; ahtk; ,ay;G Fd;whj tifapy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;sd.
mt;Tiuahly;fNs ghj;jpuq;fspd; Fzhjpraq;fisAk; fhl;b tpLtdthf mike;Js;sd.
fjpNurd; nrl;bahhpd; fz;bg;ghd kd epiyAk; jpahf kdepiyAk; ciuahly; %ykhfNt
ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. NrhkRe;jug;gps;is igad;fis Kjyhspapd; fz;bg;gpy; ,Ue;J
tpLtpf;Fk; ghj;jpukhf ,aq;FtJk; ciuahlypd; thapyhfNt ntspg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
 fijapy; ,Nyrhd eifr;Ritia ,ioNahltpl;Lk; fijia efu;jpAs;shu;:

jpahfk; rpWfijia efu;j;jpr; nry;Yk; cj;jpfs;

 ghj;jpu trPfuq;fis ,ay;Gj;jd;ikapy; gad;gLj;jpaik:ghj;jpuq;fspd; ,af;fj;ijAk;
ciuahly;fisAk; ,ay;G Fd;whky; thrfu;fis trPfupf;Fk; tifapy; rpj;jpupg;gjd; %yk;
ghj;jpuq;fspd; Fzhjpraq;fisg; Gyg;gLj;jy;.
 nrl;bahu; : ,g;ghj;jpu ,ay;G Neubahf $wg;gl;lhYk;> rpy ,lq;fspy; mg; ghj;jpu
nraw;ghl;bd; %yk; Fwpg;gpl;l gz;G ntspf;fhl;lg;gLfpwJ: tpG+jp G+rpa GJg;igaid Vrpa gpd;
Vidia filr; rpg;ge;jpfs; rpupg;ghu;fs;. mg;NghJ nrl;bahu; “nrl;bahu; mNjhL mtid
tpl;L tplhky; kw;nwhU igaidg; ghu;j;J m];jpuj;ijj; njhLj;jhu;” vd $wpdhu;.,jdhy;
VRtjpy; $l rkj;Jtk; njupfpwJ. ,t;thW thrfu;fis rpe;jid uPjpahf mwpit J}z;LtJk;
xU tifahd ,ay;Gjhd;.
 fzf;Fg;gps;is:fij efu;tpy; ,g;ghj;jpu xj;Jiog;ig tpl gpujhd ghj;jpukhd nrl;bahUf;F
,g;ghj;jpuk; toq;Fk; xj;Jiog;G rpwg;ghdJ.fjhghj;jpuq;fSf;F ,ilapyhd KWfy; epiyia
jsu;tilar; nra;J fij efu;it nrt;tNd nfhz;L nry;y ,g; ghj;jpuk; cjtpahfTs;sJ.
 mz;zhr;rp :nrl;bahuJ jpahf czu;T ntspg;gl fhuzkhdJ ,g; ghj;jpuNkahFk;.
 fijg;gpd;dypy; ifahsg;gl;l cj;jpfs;:nrl;bahuJ ghj;jpu mwpKfk;>nrl;bahuJ fil
EioT>fil epfo;Tfs;>mLj;j ehs; fil epfo;Tfs;>\z;gf ts;spak;kd; NfhapYf;F nry;yy;
vDk; Ie;Jk; fijg;gpd;diy xd;NwhL xd;W ,izj;j tpjk; rpwg;ghdJ. xU
fhl;rpapypUe;J ,d;ndhU fhl;rpf;F efUk; NghJ me;j ,izg;ig jdJ cj;jpahy; rpwg;ghf
fhl;bAs;shu;.
 nrl;bahUila ghj;jpu mwpKfj;jpypUe;J nrl;bahuJ fil EioTf;F nry;Yk; NghJ
mtupd; mwpKfj;jpy; mtuJ gz;Gfis Rl;b fhl;baNjhL mtuJ Fzj;ij fil rhu;ghf
(filf;Fk; mtUf;Fkhd njhlu;G) fhl;b mjd; gpd; EioT ,lk;ngwy;.

3
  fil epfo;tpy; mjpfkhf nrl;bahu; rpg;ge;jpfSf;F VRtjhfjhd; cs;sJ. vdNt fil
Eiotpw;F gpd; fil epfo;Tfis njhlq;f nrl;bahuJ Kfghtj;ij fhl;bAs;shu;.
 mLj;j ehs; epfo;it njhlq;f thrfu;fs; tpsq;f “kWehs;” vd;W $wp jdJ cj;jpia
fhz;gpj;Js;shu;.
 nrl;bahupd; cs;Nehf;fk; njupahky; fijapid nfhz;L nry;Yjy;:Muk;gj;jpy; thrfUf;F
nfl;ltuhf fhl;b ,Wjpapy; mtuJ jpahf czu;tpid ntspf;fhl;ly;
 fij vd;gijAk; jhz;b rpe;jpf;Fk; mstpw;F fijia efu;j;jpAs;shu;:cz;ikr;
rk;gtq;fs;>ajhu;j;jkhf filapy; elf;Fk; tplaq;fs;>,Nyrhd eifr;Ritia ,ioNahltply;
 guPl;irakhd nkhop tof;F:Ngr;R nkhop : ahthuk;>xz;Zf;Fg; ghjpah>nej;jpapy Nghd;w
nrhw;fs; ghj;jpu ciuahly;fSf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd Ngr;Rnkhopfisf; ifahsy;>kJiuj; jkpo; :
Nghq;fy vk; %Q;rpapy Kspf;fhjpq;f thq;f mz;zhr;rp>tpj;jpahrkhd nrhw;gpuNahfk; :
[Uuhf>rpg;ge;jp>N[hl;lhy>mj;Jld; vspikahd nrhw;fs; rpwpa rpwpa trdq;fis
ifahz;Ls;sik.
 fijapid fjhrpupau; mjpfkhf nrhy;yhky; ciuahly;fs; %yk; fijapid efu;j;jpAs;shu;:
mwpKfk; fijahrpupauhy; nrhy;yg;gly;>ghj;jpuq;fSf;fpilapy; mjpfkhf ciuahly;fs;
,lk;ngwy;> ghj;jpu ciuahly; %yk; fijia tsu;j;Jr; nry;yy;.
 RUq;fr; nrhy;yp tpsq;f itj;jy;:fjhghj;jpuk; FiwT : nrl;bahu;> NrhkRe;juk;gps;is>
\z;Kfk;gps;is> rpg;ge;jpfs;> fijf;fsk; FiwT: nrl;bahupd; fil>tPL nry;Yk; top>rpwpa
fij.
 fijapd; Rthu];aj;ij $l;Ltjw;fhf jkpou;jk; gz;ghl;lk;rq;fis
ifahz;Ls;sik:n\z;gfty;ypak;kd; Nfhapy; jpUtpoh>Nksf;fr;Nrup> thd Ntbf;if>ntspA+u;
$l;lk; vd jkpou; gz;ghLfs; cs;Eiof;fg;gl;ld.
 mzpfis ifahz;Ls;sik:ctik cUtfk;::“Nrw;wpNy Njha;j;njLj;j fy;”>“nej;jpa fUthL
khjpup tr;rpf;fpl;L”>“GSj;j eha; FWf;Nf NghFJ”
 ajhu;j;jkhd fijf;fUTk;> epju;rdkhd fhlrpfSk; fjhghj;jpuKk; cgNahfpf;fg;gl;ld:GJrh
te;j igad; vjpu;j;Jg; NgRjy;>Kjyhspia ajhu;j;jkhf gilj;Js;sik>Gjpjhf te;j
nghbaDf;F Kjyhsp VRfpd;w nghOJ gioa nghbad;fs; eifj;jy; ,r; rpWfijia fij
vd;gijAk; jhz;b cz;ikahf elg;gJ Nghy fijapid xU fhl;rpahf Gyg;gLj;jpAs;shu;
fijahrpupau;.
 Mq;fpy nkhopf; fyg;gpy;yhj J}a jkpo;r; rpWfij:jkpo; rpWfijfspy; Mq;fpy nkhopapd;
cl;GFjy; fhuzkhf gbg;gbahf jkpopd; jdpj;Jtk; FiwfpwJ.

jpahfk; rpWfijapd; mikg;G KiwAk; ,lk; ngWk; gz;GfSk;

 rpWfij vd;gJ:RUf;fkhd fijiaf; $Wk; GidT tif ciueil ,yf;fpakhFk;.
ngUk;ghYk; xU ikaf;fUtpid-epfo;rr ; papd; mDgtj;ij tpgupf;Fk; ,yf;fpatif. rpWfij>
nghJthf FWk;Gjpdk; kw;Wk; ehtiytpl RUf;fkhdJk; Kbtpy; jpUg;gk; cila rpwpa fij
tbtKk;> ngUk;ghYk; elg;gpay; Nehf;fpy; vOjg;gLtJk; MFk;.
 jkpo; rpWfijg; gilg;ghsu;fspy; GJikg;gpj;jd; fhyj;jpNyNa F.mofpuprhkp mtu;fspd;
gilg;ghw;wy;> fw;gid> kNdhght myry; vy;yhNk mghuk;. fijapd; jiykhe;juhd kspiff;
fil nrl;bahu; xU ntFsp jq;fkhd kdR> ePskhd ehf;F vd;gtw;wpd; %yk; jpahfk; rpWfij
ntspg;gLfpwJ.
 rpWfij tpWtpWg;ghfj; njhlq;fp mjd; njhlu;rr ; papy; nefpo;rr
; p ,y;yhky; ,aq;fp cr;r
epiyf;F nrd;W KbTtiu gbg;gtupd; ftdj;ij xUKfg;gLj;jy; vd;gJ mikg;gpy; fhzg;gLk;
Kf;fpakhd Kjy; mk;rkhFk;.Muk;gj;jpy; nrl;bahiu thrfu;fSf;F ntWg;ghff; fhl;LtJk;
,Wjpapy; jpahf czu;T ntspg;gLtJk; ,f;fijapd; capu;ehb vdyhk;. ,J thrfiu
xUepiyg;gLj;Jtjpy; Kf;fpa gq;fhw;WfpwJ.
 ,uz;lhtjhf gbg;gtiu Nrhu;tilar; nra;af; $lhJ ,JTk; mikg;gpd; gpujhd mk;rkhFk;.
,jw;F cjhuzkhf eifr;Ritiaf; nfhs;syhk;: “Vz;lh jbg;gay;fsh! ePq;f vd;d
guNjrpfsh> re;ahrpfshlh? vUikkhl;Lg; gay;fs;! tpbQ;rJk; ehY tPl;Lf;F ahrfj;Jf;Fg;
Nghw gpr;irf;fhug; gay;fs;$l ,g;gb rhk;gy ms;spg; G+rkhl;lhNdlh?”,“ePq;fSk; tpG+jp
G+rpapUf;fpq;fNs nkhjyhsp ?”

4
 mLj;jjhf fij czu;r;rp Xl;lk; fhzg;gLk; ,jpy; nrl;bahiu Muk;gj;jpy; ntWg;ghf fhl;b
gpd;G mtUila jpahfk; ntspg;gLk; NghJ kdij frf;fp gpsptJ Nghy; fhzg;gLjy;: ,dpNk
vd;d? taR mWgjhr;R cRu tr;rpUe;J vd;dj;j rhjpf;fg; Nghwk; vd;W jpahf czu;r;rpNahL
Ngrpdhu;.
 fUg;nghUs; vspikahdjhff; fhzg;gly;: ,jd; fUg;nghUshf nrl;bahuJ ‘jpahfk;’
fhzg;gLfpwJ. mj;NjhL czu;r;rp vd;gJk; rpWfijapd; mikg;gpy; xd;whFk;. ,r;rpWfijapy;
eifg;G> ntWg;G> fUiz vd;gd fhzg;gLfpd;wd. “ePq;fSk; tpG+jp G+rpapUf;fpq;fNs
nkhjyhsp?” “mb nrUg;ghNy! ehNa thia jpwf;fpiwah eP?”
 vspa eil fhzg;gLjy;: “fz;bg;gh Nfl;bah?fz;bg;gh Nfl;ld; nkhjyhsp”> vd;gJ vspa
eilf;F cjhuzk; MFk;.
 rpWfijapd; gz;GfSs; cjhuzkhf ikaf;fU fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,e;j jpahfk; rpWfijapd;
ikaf;fUthf ‘jpahfNk’ fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
 ghj;jpuq;fisf; nfhz;bUj;jy; rpWfijapy; fhzg;gLk; gz;ghFk;. ,f;fijapy; fjpNurd;
nrl;bahu;> rz;Kfk; gps;is> NrhkRe;juk; gps;is> KUifah> ntq;flhryk; cl;gl ehd;F
rpg;ge;jpfs; nkhj;jkhf VO ghj;jpuq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
 Xu; ,U epfo;r;rp fhzg;gLk;: fil epfo;r;rp – nrk;gf ty;ypak;kd; Nfhapy; epfo;r;rp> nrl;bahupd;
tPl;L epfo;r;rp
 njhlf;fKk; KbTk; RWRWg;ghff; fhzg;gLjy;: ,jw;F cjhuzkhf Fjpiug; ge;jaj;ij
nfhs;syhk;. mjhtJ Fjpiug;ge;jaj;jpy; vJ Ke;Jk; vd;w tpWtpWg;Gld; ghu;g;Nghk;. mNjNghy;
rpWfijapy; mLj;J vd;d elf;Fk; vd;W thrpg;Nghk;.
 RUf;fr; nrhy;Yk;> RUf;nfdr; nrhy;Yk; Mw;wy;: Nrw;wpNy Njha;e;j vd;gJ rpwpa nrhy;yhdhYk;
mJ vkf;F cldbahf nrd;wilAk; vspa nrhy;yhfTk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
 ciuahly; msNthL ,Uj;jy;: “fz;bg;gh Nfl;bah?fz;bg;gh Nfl;ld; nkhjyhsp”
 fz;Kd;Nd NeNu elg;gJ Nghy; fhzg;gLjy;: rpWfijapy; fhzg;gLk; kw;Wk; Xu; mk;rkhFk;.

‘jpahfk;’ rpWfijapd; ghj;jpug;gilg;Gf;fs;:

(m)fjpNurd; nrl;bahu; ghj;jpug;gilg;G

 ghj;jpu mwpKfk;:Nfhtpy;gl;b kspiff;fil fjpNurd; nrl;bahu; fhiyapy; gyfhuk; rhg;gpl gj;J
kzp MFk;. mg;Gwk; xU gj;J epkprk; cl;fhu;e;J rhg;gpl;l rpukj;ij Nghf;fpf; nfhs;s
Ntz;Lk;. mjd; gpd; filia Nehf;fp Gwg;gLthu;. ,t; tupfs; %yk; jpahfk; rpW fijapDs;
fjpNurd; nrl;bahupd; ghj;jpuk; thrfu;fSf;F mwpKfkhfpd;wJ.
 ghj;jpu cUthf;fk;:Vfhjpgj;jpa gz;Gfs; jd;dfj;Nj nfhz;L ,uf;fKs;s xU KjyhspahfTk;
kdrhl;rpAk; md;Gk; cs;s xU kdpjuhfTk; fjpNurd; nrl;bahu; vd;w ghj;jpuk;
cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
 goikia kjpf;Fk; xUtu;;:,f;fijapy; ‘mtu; me;jf; fhyj;J kDru; mtu; gofpa cyfk;
mtiu tpl;lhYk; mtu; mij tpLtjhf ,y;iy’ vd;w $w;wpd; %yk; mwpayhk;.
 flikia rupahf nra;J Kbg;gtu;: fjpNurd; nrl;bahu; vd;w ghj;jpuk; gw;wp $wg;gLtJ jdJ
fhupaj;jpy; fz;zhf ,Ug;gtu; vd;Wk; jdJ flikfisAk; rupahf nra;J Kbg;gtu;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L: ,dp tir Guhzj;ij Muk;gpf;f Ntz;baJ jhd; vijr; rhf;fhf
itj;Jf;nfhz;L Muk;gpf;fyhk; vd;W xU fzk; Nahrpj;jhu;. xNu xU fzk; jhd; rhf;F
fpilj;J tpl;lJ. vd;w $w;wpd; %yk; ,tu; Vrp Vrp Ntiy thq;Fgtuhf fhzg;gLfpd;whu>;
vd;gJ Gyg;gLfpwJ. jdJ filapy; Ntiy nra;Ak; Ntiyahl;fis kpfTk; fz;bg;GlDk;>
ftdj;JlDk; Ntiy thq;Fgtu;.
 kzpf;fzf;if rupahf fzpg;gpLgtu;: jdJ ehshe;j flikfis chpa Ntisfspy; nra;J
Kbg;gjpy; fz;bg;ghd kdg;ghq;Fs;sth;. fhiy gj;J kzpf;Fg; gyfhuk; rhg;gply;> rhg;gpl;l rpukk;
Nghf;fg; gj;J epkplk; cl;fhh;e;jpUj;jy;> mjd; gpd; filf;Fg; Gwg;gly; 10:25f;F filf;F tUjy;
vd;gd ,jidj; njspTgLj;Jfpd;wd. ifapy; fbfhuk; fhl;lhkNy epkp~f; fzf;F jtwhky;
tU~k; Ke;Ehw;W mWgj;ije;J ehSk; xNu khjphpahf mth; filf;F tUtJk; tPL jpUk;GtJk;
,e;jf; fhyj;Jf; filr;rpg;ge;jpfSf;F Xh; mjprkhf ,Uf;Fk; vd;w tupfs; %yk; vLj;Jf;
fhl;lg;gLfpwJ.

5
 fz;bg;ghd kdepiyia cly; nkhopahYk; ntspg;gLj;Jk; gf;Ft epiyia mile;jtu;:
filf;Fs; EioAk; NghJ Kfj;ij vg;gb itj;Jf; nfhs;sNtz;LNkh mg;gb xU Fwpg;gpl;l
Kiwapy; itj;Jf; nfhz;lhh;. ,e;j Kfghtj;jpd; gpujhd mk;rk; fLfLg;G> gpujhdkpy;yhj
mk;rk;> xU khjphpahd tpiwg;G. ,e;j Kfghtj;ijf; filapy; cl;fhh;e;jpUf;Fk; tiuapy;
vf;fhuzj;ijf; nfhz;Lk; khw;wkhl;lhh;. ez;gh;fNsh> me;j];J kpf;f thbf;iff;fhuh;fNsh
tUk;NghJ mth; rphpf;fNth> Gd;dif nra;aNth Ntz;ba mtrpak; Vw;gLk;. mijAk; ,e;j
Kfghtj;ij khw;whkNy epiwNtw;wp tpLthh;. vdf; fjhrpupau; $WtJ filapy; vt;thW ,Uf;f
Ntz;Lk; kw;wtu;fSld; vt;thW gof Ntz;Lk; vd;w gf;Ft epiyia mile;jijg;
Gyg;gLj;Jk;.
 gpwiu kjpg;gtu;:jdJ filapy; Ntiy ghu;f;fpd;w filr; rpg;ge;jpfisj; nrl;bahu; jpl;Lk; NghJ
fzf;Fg;gps;is jLj;J epWj;Jtij tpUk;Ggtu;.mJNghy;> jdJ ez;guhd ~z;Kfg;gps;isapd;
kPJ md;Gk; kjpg;Gk; nfhz;ltuhfTk; gilf;fg;gl;Ls;shh;.
 njhopyhsu;fspd; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;fhf fz;bg;ghf ,Ug;gtu;:jhd; filr;rpg;ge;jpahf Ntiy nra;j
NghJ jdJ Kjyhsp jd;id Vrpj; jpl;b Ntiy thq;fpajhy;jhd;> jhd; ,g;NghJ ed;dpiyapy;
,Ug;gjhf vz;zpf; nfhs;gth;. jd;dplk; Ntiy nra;Ak; rpg;ge;jpfSk; jd;idg;Nghy
cauNtz;Lk; vd;w ed;Ndhf;fj;jpy; mth;fsplk; ve;NeuKk; fz;bg;Gld; ,Ug;gth;.jdJ filapy;
Ntiy nra;Ak; igad;fSld; fLikahf ele;Jnfhs;gtuhfj; Njhd;wpdhYk;> me;jg;
itad;fspd; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;fhf jdJ eyj;ijAk; nghUl;gLj;jhJ jpahfk; nra;J tho;gtuhfg;
gilf;fg;gl;Ls;shh;.
 jhd; ek;Ggtu;fisAk; jd;id ek;Ggtu;fisAk; iftplhjtu;:jdf;F ek;gpf;ifahdtu;fisAk;
jd;dplk; Ntiy nra;gtu;fisAk; vt;tsT fLfLg;ghf VrpdhYk; rpLrpLg;ghf ,Ue;jhYk;
,yFtpy; J}f;fp vwpahjtuhfNt fhzg;gLfpwhu;. ,jid mtuJ filf; fzf;Fg;gps;isahd
NrhkRe;jug;gps;isia Kg;gJ tUrkhf jd; $lNt itj;jpUg;gjd; %yk; njupe;J nfhs;syhk;.
 fz;bg;Gld ,uf;fFzk; cilatuhf ,Ue;jhYk; mjid ntspf;fhl;lhj
cz;ikad;Gilatu;:Kjyhspahu; vd;djhd; filg; igad;fis ntspapy; VrpdhYk;> NgrpdhYk;
mtu; kdJf;Fs; kpFe;j ghrKk; ,ufj;JlDk; ghu;j;J tUgtu;. Vida filfspy;
rpg;ge;jpfSf;Ff; nfhLf;Fk; rk;gsj;ij tpl mjpf rk;gsk; nfhLg;gth;> jPghtspf;F GJ Nt\;b
rl;ilfSld; gj;J &gha; nuhf;fkhfTk; nfhLg;gtu;. filapy; Ntiy ghh;f;Fk; igad;fs;
tsh;e;J jdpf;fil Muk;gpf;f cjTgth;> igad;fs; thypguhfpj; jpUkzk; eilngWk; NghJ
jpUkzr; nryTf;Fg; gzk; nfhLg;gth;> mtuJ tPl;Lf;Fr; nrd;why; rpyNtis rhg;gplTk;
nrhy;gth;> xU NghJk; jdJ tPl;L Ntiyfisr; nra;tjw;F rpg;ge;jpfisg; gzpf;fhjth;>
tPl;bw;F filg; igad;fs; Nghdhy; Iah> uhrh vd;W md;NghL NgRthu;.vdNt rpg;ge;jpfs; kPJ
cz;ikad;G nfhz;l ghj;jpukhff; fijapy; gilf;fg;gl;Ls;shh;.
 flTs; gf;jp nfhz;ltu;:flTs; gf;jp nfhz;ltuhfTk; jhd; kl;Lk; my;yhJ jd;dplk; Ntiy
nra;gtu;fisAk; jpUtpoh ghu;f;f nry;y Ntz;Lk; vd epidg;gtu;. vLj;Jf; fhl;L: “eP vd;dlh
irtdh? ,y;iy Ntjf;fhudh> vd;dy Kopf;fpw? cd; %Q;rpa ghj;jh vtz;lh filf;F
tUthd;> nej;jp RLfhL khjpup itr;rpf;fpl;L”,“,d;dpf;fp jpUtpoh Mr;Nr Cu; G+uhfTk;
NfhapYf;F Ngha; rhkp Fk;gpLNj ehkSk; NghfDk;D cq;fSf;F Njhzy”
 ghuk;gupa kUj;Jt Kiwfis mwpe;jtu;:njhz;il typf;F ghypy; gdq;fy;fz;Lk; kpsFk;
Nru;j;J mUe;Jjy;.
 gpwu; Nfl;fhkNy mtu;fspd; tpUg;ig mwpe;J cjTgtu;:rpg;ge;jpfSf;F NfhapYf;Fg; Nghtjw;F
gzk; nfhLg;gJ.
 vd;djhd; Kjyhspj;Jt gz;Gfisf; nfhz;L mtu; Ntiy Ml;fis NgrpdhYk; jd;Dila
Ntiyahl;fspd; eyDf;fhfNt jhd; mtu; mUk;ghL gl;lhu; vd;gJ kWf;f KbahjJ.
 ,e;j jpahfk; rpWfijapy; Kf;fpakhd fjhghj;jpukhf fjpNurd; nrl;bahu; vd;w ghj;jpuk;
tpsq;FfpwJ. ,tNu fijia efu;j;jp nry;gtuhfTk; fijapd; njhlf;fk; Kjy; ,Wjp tiu
fijapy; ,aq;Fk; fijia ,af;Fk; ghj;jpukhfTk; fhzg;gLfpwhu;.

fjpNurd; nrl;bahh; ghj;jpu thu;g;gpd; El;gk;:

 fijapd; gpujhd ghj;jpukhd fjpNurd;nrl;bahhpd; nraw;ghl;il mwpKfk; nra;tjhfNt fij
Muk;gkhfpwJ. mj;jifa mwpKfk; fjpNurd; nrl;bahh; jdJ ehshe;j flikfisr; nra;tjpy;
fz;bg;ghd kdepiyNahL nraw;gLtjidg; Gyg;gLj;JfpwJ.

6
 mg;ghj;jpuj;jpd; nraw;ghLfshfj; njhlh;e;J $wg;gLk; nra;jpfs; mth; njhopyhspfNshL
(rpg;ge;jpfs;) fLikahf ele;Jnfhs;th; vd;gjhd kdg;gjpit thrfhplj;jpy; gjpj;JtpLk;
tifapy; mike;Js;sd.
rpg;ge;jpfisf; fhuzkpd;wp VRtjd; %yk; mj;jifa Fztpay;G (vjph;kiwf; Fztpay;G)
ntspg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
 nrl;bahh; rpg;ge;jpfNshL fLikahf ele;J nfhs;gth; vdr; rpj;jphpf;fg;gl;ljd; gpw;ghL> nky;y
nky;y nrl;bahhpd; md;Gs;sk; Gyg;gLfpwJ.“NrhkRe;jug;gps;is FWf;fpl;L filg;
igad;fSf;Fg; Gj;jp nrhy;yj; njhlq;fptpl;lhy; nfhQ;rk; %r;R tpl;L Xa;ntLj;Jf; nfhs;thh;.
igad;fisj; jhk; jpl;Lk; NghJ jLj;J epWj;Jtjw;F Xh; Ms; Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhfNt
NrhkRe;juk; gps;isia me;j Kg;gJ tU~fhyKk; jk; filapy; fzf;Fg; gps;isahf
itj;Jf;nfhz;ljhf; $WtjpypUe;J mtuJ md;G nky;y ntspf;fhl;lg;gLfpwJ.
 gpd;dh;> filapy; Ntiy ghh;f;Fk; igad;fs; tsh;e;J jdpf;fil Muk;gpf;f cjTgth;> Vida
filfspy; rpg;ge;jpfSf;Ff; nfhLf;Fk; rk;gsj;ij tpl mjpfk; nfhLg;gth;. igad;fs;
thypguhfpj; jpUkzk; eilngWk; NghJ jpUkzr; nryTf;Fg; gzk; nfhLg;gth;> mtuJ
tPl;Lf;Fr; nrd;why; rpyNtis rhg;gplTk; nrhy;gth;> xU NghJk; jdJ tPl;LNtiyfisr;
nra;tjw;Fr; rpg;ge;jpfisg; gzpf;fhjth;> vd mLf;fpr; nrhy;yg;gLk; nra;jpfs; %yk; mth;
njhopyhspfs; kPJ nfhz;l md;Gs;sk; NkYk; tprhykhf;fpf; fhzg;gLfpwJ.mj;jifa cs;sk;
rpg;ge;jpfSf;Fk; nrl;bahUf;Fk; eilngWk; ciuahly; xd;wpd; %yKk; (jpUtpohTf;F gzk;
nfhLj;J mDg;Gjy;) El;gkhd Kiwapy; thrfUf;F ntspg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
 fijapd; Muk;gg; gFjpapy; rpg;ge;jpfs; kPJ fLk; Nghf;Filath; vdr; rpj;jphpj;Jf; fhl;lg;gl;l
nrl;bahh; ghj;jpuk;> njhopyhsh; eydpy; mf;fiwAk; njhopyhsh; kPJ md;Gk; nfhz;l ghj;jpuk;
vd;w tplak; nky;ynky;y fijNahl;lj;jpy; mtpo;j;Jtplg;gLfpwJ. fijapd; ,Wjpg; gFjpapy;
~z;Kfk;gps;isf;Fk; nrl;bahUf;Fk; ,ilapy; ,lk;ngWk; ciuahly; mt;td;gpd; mf;fiwapd;
cr;rj;ij ntspg;gLj;Jtjhf mike;JtpLfpwJ. mt;Tiuahly; %ykhf igad;fspd;
Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;fhf jdJ eyj;ijAk; nghUl;gLj;jhJ jpahfk; nra;J tho;gth;> mth;fs;
eyj;jpd; Kd; jd;Dapiur; Jr;rkhff; fUJgth; vd;w cz;ik Gyg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
“mz;zhr;rp? ePq;f vd;djhd; nrhy;Yq;f gaf ey;ygbahfj; jiynaLf;fZk;. ,t;tsT
fhyKk; ,g;gpb ,Ue;Jl;L ,dp vtd; vf;NfL nfl;lh vd;dz;Z vd;dhNy ,Uf;f KbahJ.
,dpNk vd;d? taJ mWgjhr;R. cRiu tr;rpUe;J vd;dj;ijr; rhjpf;fg; NghNwhk;?” vd;W
jpahf czh;r;rpNahL nrl;bahu; Ngrpa gFjp ,t;tifapy; Rl;bf; fhl;lj;jf;fJ.

(M) \z;Kfg;gps;is ghj;jpug;gilg;G

 mwpKfk;:jpahfk; rpWfijapd; Kf;fpakhd ghj;jpuk; fjpNurd; nrl;bahUila ez;guhf
\z;Kfg;gps;is vd;w Jizg;ghj;jpukhf cUthf;fk; mike;Js;sJ. ,f;fijapy; ,tu;>
mz;zhr;rp vdTk; miof;fg;gLfpd;whu;.,tu; mbf;fb nrl;bahupd; filf;F te;J nry;gtuhfTk;
fhzg;gLfpd;whu;. nrl;bahiug;gw;wp mwpe;jtu; filg;igad;fSf;F kfpo;r;rp mspg;gu;.
nrl;bahUld; neUq;fpa rpNefj;ijf;nfhz;l nrl;bahhpd; kpfePz;lehs; ez;gh;.mjdhy;
~z;Kfg;gps;iskPJ nrl;bahh; kpFe;j kjpg;Gk; md;Gk; nfhz;Ls;shh;.
 ,uf;f Fzk; cilatu;: “nrl;bahNu xq;fisg; ghu;f;f vdf;F cz;ikapNyNa ghtkhf
,Uf;F. ,g;gbf; fj;jpdh nkhjy;y xq;f xlk;Gf;F MFkh?”
 nrl;bahupd; kjpg;Gf;Fupa xUtu;;: “Vd; ,g;gbf;filr; rpg;ge;jpfs; kPJ fLfLg;gh ,Uf;fPq;f” vd;W
\z;Kfg;gps;is Nfl;lnghOJ> “mj tpLq;f” vd;W jl;bf;fspf;fhky; mjw;fhd tplaj;ij
nrhy;fpd;whu;.
 filr; rpg;ge;jpfs; kPJ ghrk;:; “nkhjyhsp nrhy;yhkNyNa vg;gb filiag; Nghl;Ll;L> rhkp
ghf;f Nghthq;f” vd;W $Wfpd;whu;
 ,iw ek;gpf;if cilatu;: “NfhapYf;F NghwJd;dh Njq;fha;> gok;> #lnky;yhk; nfhz;L
Nghf Ntz;lhkh nfhz;Ljhd; NghfDk;” vd;whu;.
 eifr;Ritahfg; Ngrpatu;: “xq;fNkNy jg;gpy;Ny xq;f nkhjyhspiar; nrhy;yDk; xq;fSf;F
ey;yhj;jhd; ghlk; nrhy;ypf; nfhLj;jpUf;fhU” vd;whu;.
 rpg;ge;jpfs; tpUk;Gtjw;F ghj;jpukhdtu;: “\z;Kfg;gps;is te;Jtpl;lhu;” vd;why;>filg;
igaDfSf;F xNu nfhz;lhl;lk;. Vndd;why; mtNuhL Ngrpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; NghJ nrl;bahu;
r`];u ehk mu;r;ridiaj; jw;fhypakhf epWj;jptpLthu;.

7
 fjpNurd; nrl;bahu; kPJ md;G:khjj;jpy; gj;J ehl;fshtJ mtu; nrl;bahu; filf;F te;J rpwpJ
cl;fhu;e;J Ngrpg; Nghthu;.
 nrl;bahuJ jpahf kdg;ghq;F ntspg;glf;fhuzkhd ghj;jpuk;. nrl;bahu; kdjpYs;s Jd;gj;ij
gfpu;e;Jnfhs;s cjtpahf ,Ue;j ghj;jpuk;.
 ,g;ghj;jpuj;ij ikakhf itj;Nj nrl;bahhpd; r%f me;j];J> nrl;bahhpd;
kdtpay;Gfs;>rpg;ge;jpfspd;kPJ nfhz;Ls;s mf;fiw> rpg;ge;jpfs;nghUl;L mth;nra;Ak;> jpahfk;
vd;gd ntspg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. “,y;Ny ePq;f nuhk;g jahsFzj;NjhNl ,Uf;fpwPq;f> ChpNyAk;
xq;fisg;gj;jp ngUikaha; NgRwhq;f. filg;igad;fSf;F cq;fisg; Nghy rk;gsk;
FLf;fpwtq;f ,y;Nyd;Dk; vdf;Fj; njhpAk;. vy;yhk; ey;yhj;jhd; ,Uf;F”vdtUk; ciuahly;
mthpd; r%fkjpg;igf; fhl;LfpwJ.
 fijapy; rpg;ge;jpfspd; kPJ nrl;bahh; nfhz;Ls;s md;Gk; mf;fiwAk; ,UtUf;Fkhd
ciuahly; %yNk ntspg;gLfpd;wJ. “mz;zhr;rp md;gh Mjuth ,y;Nyd;dh ehd; jpl;Ltdh?
mijf; nfhQ;rk; Nahrid gz;zpg;ghUq;f. gafis nerkh vdf;F gpbf;fNyd;dh>xNu
nrhy;ypy; filia tpl;L ntspNaj;jpg;gpl;L kWNrhyp ghf;fkhl;Nldh? gaf tpUj;jpf;F
tuZk;D jhNd njhz;ilj; jz;zpia tj;j tr;rpf;fpl;bUf;Nfd;? fj;jpf;fj;jp vd; cRUk;
NghFNj” vd tUk; ciuahly; gFjp ,jid tpsf;Fk;.
 ,it vy;yhtw;Wf;Fk; Nkyhf fijapd; ikaf; fUthfpa ‘nrl;bahhpd; jpahfj;ij’
vLj;Jiuf;fTk; ~z;Kfg;gps;isf;Fk; nrl;bahUf;Fk; ,ilapy; fijapd; ,Wjpg;gFjpapy;
,lk;ngWk; ciuahly; %ykhfNt ‘igad;fspd; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;fhf jdJ eyidj; jpahfk;
nra;J tho;gth;’ vd;w cz;ikAk; Gyg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
 nrl;bahh; ghj;jpuj;jpd; kdepiyia El;gkhd Kiwapy; tsh;j;Jr; nry;yTk; fijapd; ikaf;
fUj;ij ntspg;gLj;jTk; ~z;Kfg;gps;is vd;w ghj;jpuNk Jizaha; epd;wpaq;FfpwJ.

(,) NrhkRe;juk; gps;isapd; ghj;jpug; gz;Gfs;

 filapy; cs;s fjhghj;jpuq;fSld; njhlu;Gilatu;:nrl;bahu; rpg;ge;jpfSf;F jpl;bf;
nfhz;bUf;Fk; NghJ FWf;fpl;L mjid jLg;gjd; %yk; filapYs;s ghj;jpuq;fSld;
njhlu;Gilajhf fhl;lg;gLfpd;wJ.
 nrl;bahupd; kd czu;it Gupe;J itj;jpUf;Fk; xUtu;: nrl;bahuplk; gy tUlfhykhf
fzf;Fg;gps;isahf ,Ue;jtu; vd;gjdhy; mtiu Gupe;J itj;jpUg;gtu;: rpg;ge;jpfSf;F
jpl;bf;nfhz;bUf;Fk; NghJ mjid jLg;gjw;fhf FWf;fpl Ntz;b ,Uf;Fk;. rpg;ge;jpfSf;F
nra;Ak; rYif> xU njhif gzk; gpw cjtpfs; vd;gtw;wpd; %yk; nrl;bahiu Gupe;J
itj;jpUg;gtu;.
 nrl;bahuplkpUe;J rpg;ge;jpfis fhg;ghw;WgtUk; nrl;bahiu Gupe;J rpg;ge;jpfis topelj;Jgtu;:
nrl;bahu; rpg;ge;jpfSf;F jpl;Lk; NghJ mtu;fisf; $g;gpl;L Gj;jp nrhy;tjd; %yk; rpg;ge;jpfis
topelhj;jp; nrl;bahiu Gupe;J itg;gjid mwpayhk;.
 nghWg;G kpf;ftu;: gy fhykhf nrl;bahu; tUtJk; NghtJkhf ,Uf;Fk; Neuj;jpYk;
gpwNeuq;fspYk; filia nghWg;ghf topelj;Jgtu;.
 ek;gpf;ifahd ghj;jpuk;: nrl;bahu; filapy; gy tUlkhf ,Ue;jhYk; nrl;bahiu kjpj;J
elg;gtUk;> nrl;bahiu Gupe;J itj;jpUg;gtUk; mjdhYk; ,tu; nghWg;G kpf;f ek;gpf;ifahd
ghj;jpuk; vdyhk;.
 nrl;bahiu rkhjhdg;gLj;jp MWjyspg;gtu;: filapy; cs;s GJg; igad; tpG+jp itj;jpUf;fhky;
tUk; Ntisapy; nrl;bahu; jpl;Lk; NghJ NrhkRe;juk;gps;is Ngha; tpG+jpia vLj;Jg; G+R”
vd;fpd;w Neuj;jpy; nrl;bahiu rkhjdg;gLj;jp MWjyspg;gtUkhf fhzg;gLgtu;.
 fijia jsu;thfTk; tpWtpWg;ghfTk; efu;j;jpr; nry;y cjTtJ:nrl;bahu; rpg;ge;jpfSf;F jpl;Lk;
NghJ NrhkRe;juk; gps;is FWf;fpl;L NgRtjd; %yk; fij jsu;thf ,d;ndhU ,lj;jpw;F
efu;j;jp nry;yg;gLfpd;wJ: tpG+jp itj;J tuhky; ,Uf;Fk; rpg;ge;jpf;F jpl;Lk; NghJ tpG+jpia
vLj;J G+R vd;W NrhkRe;jug;gps;is $Wk;NghJ nrl;bahu; mikjp mile;J kw;WnkhU
rpg;ge;jpia cw;W Nehf;Fk; NghJ fij ,d;ndhU ,lj;jpw;F jsu;tjhf efu;e;J nry;fpd;wJ.
vdNt fijia tpWtpWg;ghf nfhz;L nry;Yk; ghj;jpuk;>fijia efu;j;jpr; nry;Yk;
ghj;jpuk;>fijapy; czu;r;rpia Vw;gLj;Jk; ghj;jpuk; NrhkRe;juNk.
 ntspg;gLk; kdg;gjpg;G: nrl;bahupd; tyJ if> nghWg;G kpf;ftu;> ek;gpf;ifahdtu;> mikjpahd
nghWikahd ghj;jpuk;.

8
 ‘jpahfk;’ rpWfijapy; ntspg;gl;;Ls;s eifr;Ritfs;
 cztpw;F mWRitNghy; kdpj czu;r;rpf;F mq;fjr;Rit rpwg;ghdJ. xt;nthU rpWfijapYk;
xd;W my;yJ xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l czu;Tfs;; fhzg;gLk;. mNjNghy ,e;j rpWfijapYk;
eifr;Rit czu;T ntspg;gl;Ls;sJ. fjpNurd; nrl;bahupd; Nfhgkhd thu;j;ijfspYk;
nrl;bahupd; mDgtf;fijapd; %yKk; \z;Kfk;gps;is nrl;bahUf;F nrhy;Yk; mwpTiuapd;
%yKk; ntspf;fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.
 nrl;bahupd; mDgtj;ij : “vd;dg;gj;jp kl;Lkh? vd; jhap> jfg;gd;> ghl;ld;> mj;jid NgiuAk;
Nru;e;J Nftykha; NgRthU. GSj;j eha; FWf;Nf NghfhJ. xU ehs; vd;l %Q;rpapy mQ;Rghy;
gbiaNa tPrpl;lhU. jiyiaf; FdpQ;rNdh jg;gpr;rNdh.”
 \z;Kfg;gps;isapd; mwpTiu : rup rp vt;tsT fhyk; jhd; xlk;G jhq;Fk;? ,dpNk
xt;nthd;idAk; mg;gpb mg;gpb nfhiwr;rpf;fpl;L tu Ntz;baJjhd;; ekf;F gfthd; njhz;ila
vd;d ntq;fyj;jpyah gilr;rpUf;fhd;?
 fjpNurd; nrl;bahupd; tirg; Guhzk; :
 filf;F te;jTld; Vry;: Vd;lh jbg;gay;fsh! ePq;f vd;d guNjrpfshlh?
re;epahrpfhshlh?vUik khl;Lg; gay;fs; tpbQ;rJk; ehY tPl;Lf;F ahfj;Jf;Fg;Nghw
gpr;irf;fhug;gay;fs;$l ,g;gb rhk;giy ms;sp G+r khl;lhDfslh? ePq;f te;J filapy
nkhsr;rPq;fNsh ,y;iyNah ahthuk; xd;Df;Fg; ghjpahg; gLj;Jg;Nghr;rp kpr;rk; kPjpiaAk;
gLf;f tr;rpl;L Nghfthlh ,g;gb nej;jpapy ms;spg; G+rpl;L te;jpUf;fqP ;f rhk;giy…”
 ntq;flhryj;jpd; vjpu;f; Nfs;tp : ntq;flhryk;> “ePq;fSk; tpG+jp G+rpapUf;fq P ;fNs nkhjyhsp”
vd;W Nfl;f>“mb nrUg;ghy ehNa! tha njhwf;fpwpah eP! ghuj;jPuh NrhkRe;juk;gps;is ga
vJj;jpy tptfhuk; gz;uhd;. N[hl;lhy mbr;R ntspa gj;Jk; ,td! ekf;F
rupg;glhJ”“fQ;rpf;fpy;yhk nrj;j gay;fis vuf;fg;gl;L filapy ntr;rJ vd; Kl;lhs;jdk;…”
 gUg;gpy; fy;:“V fONj xd;idj;jhNd gUg;gpy xNu fy;yhf; nflf;Fd;D nrhd;NdNd nghlr;rp
tr;rpah? vd;dlh ,y;yah? filf;F tu;utndy;yhk; xUj;jd; ghf;fpapy;yhk vd;d nkhjyhsp
gUg;Gy xNu fy;yhf; nflf;F vd;whd;. eP vd;dlh ,y;y nghlr;Nrd; vd;wh? V fONj
cz;ika nrhy;Y nghlr;rpah ,y;iyah?”
 ntq;flhryk; tpG+jp G+rhik:“eP vd;dlh irtdh? ,y;y Ntjf;fhudh? vd;dNy Kopf;fpw? xd;
%Q;rpa ghj;jh vtd;lh filf;F tUthd;? nej;jpa RLfhL khjpup tr;rpf;fpl;L…?”
 \z;gfts;spak;kd; jpUtpoh: “jPtl;bj; jbad;fsh> ehd; Nff;fpwd; thapy vd;d
nfhsf;fl;ilah tr;rpUf;fPq;f…? vq;f jiyapy Vd; fspkz;z tr;r rhkp %isa
ntf;fNyz;zhYk; nts;s nkOifhatJ tr;rpUf;ff; $lhjh?” vd;W $WtJ.

jpahfk; rpWfijapd; Kjyhsp njhopyhsp rhu;e;j rpe;jidfs;

 F.mofphprhkp rkTlik rpe;jidahy; nghpJk; ftug;gl;ltuhthh;.vdNt ,f; fijapy;
njhopyhsh; rhh; Nfhl;ghlhfpa rkTlik thjj;jpDila Njitg;ghL> mjDila jw;fhy
,Ug;G> Kjyhspfs; rhh; epiyg;ghL vd gy tplaq;fis NeubahfTk;> kiwKfkhfTk;
Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh;. vdNt ,f; fijapid khf;]pr Nehf;fpy; jpwdha;T nra;tJ crpjkhFk;.
 jpahfk; fijapd; Kjyhsp njhopyhsp njhlu;ghd rpe;jidia mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L
murpay; uPjpahf Nehf;FNthkhapd; ,f;fijapd; Muk;gkhd Kjd;ik tu;ff; khd
KjyhspfisAk; mbik tu;f;fkhd njhopyhspfisAk; mbg;gilf; fUthff; nfhz;ljhf
fij mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
(m)Kjyhspfs;:
 nrhj;Jilath;fs;>njhopy; ikaj;jpy; Mjpf;fk; kpf;f xUth;: nrhj;Jkpf;f fjpNu\d; nrl;bahh;
‘vijr; rhf;fhf itj;Jf; nfhz;L Muk;gpf;fyhk;…’
 Kjyhspahdtu; rKfj;jpy; me;j];J kpf;ftuhff; fhzg;gLfpd;whu;. vLj;Jf;fhl;L:jpahfk;
rpWfijapy; fjpNurd; nrl;bahu; jd;dplk; Ntiy ghu;f;Fk; rpg;ge;jpfSf;F jPghtspf;F GJ
Nt\;b rl;ilfSld; MSf;F gj;J &gha; nuhf;fk; nfhLf;fpd;whu;.jd;dplk; Ntiyghuf;Fk;
rpg;ge;jp jdpahf xU Gjpa fil Muk;gpf;f epidj;jhy; mjw;Fk; cjTfpd;whu;. Nfhapy;
jpUtpohTf;F xj;j &gha; gzk; nfhLj;J gok;> Njq;fha;> #lk; vd;gtw;iw thq;fr;
nrhy;fpd;whu;.

9
 mjpfgbahd fUj;Jr; Rje;jpuk; Kjyhspf;F khj;jpuNk fhzg;gl;lJ:jpUePW G+rp te;j
rpg;ge;jpfis Kjyhsp jpl;ba NghJ GJg;igad; ePq;fSk; G+rp ,Uf;fpq;fNs Kjyhsp vd;W
nrhd;dNghJ mb nrUg;ghNy! thia jpwf;fpiwah eP ? vd;W Ngr tplhJ jLj;jy;.fy;Y
,y;iyNa Kjyhsp vd;W nrhd;dJf;F gaNgr;rg; ghj;jPuh vd;W Kjyhsp nrhy;Yfpd;whu; ,jd;
%yk; vjpu;j;Jg; Ngr mtu;fSf;F cupik ,y;iy vd;gJ Gydhfpd;wJ.
 njhopyhspfSila ciog;igr; Ruz;Lk; tu;f;fk;:gioa rpg;ge;jpaplk; Kjyhsp fy;iy
Gwf;fpl;bah vd;W Nfl;lJf;F Xk; Kjyhsp ehd; xUfy;Yk; ,y;yhk Gwf;fpl;ld; vd;W nrhy;y
mg;g ehd; vd;d ngha;ah nrhy;wd; vd;w thu;j;ijA+lhf jpUk;gTk; rpg;ge;jp nra;j Ntiyia
Kjyhsp nra;ar; nrhy;fpd;whu;.
 thbf;ifahsh;fs; my;yJ Efh;Nthupy; ghFghL fhl;ly;: ‘ez;gh;fNs me;j];J kpff;
thbf;ifahsh;fNsh tUk; NghJ mth; rphpf;fNth Gd;dif nra;aNth Ntz;ba mtrpk;
Vw;gLk;’. ,jpypUe;J Kjyhsp jd; ,yhg Nehf;if vt; Nfhzj;jpy; ghh;f;fpwhd; vd;gij
fhzyhk;. me;j];J ,y;yhj thbf;ifahshplk; ,t; Kjyhsp fhl;Lk; Kfghtk; jhd; vd;d?
rpWfijapDs; jhuhz;ik thjk; tYf;fpwJ.
 njhopyhsh;fspd; tWikapid jkf;F rhjfkhf itj;jpUj;jy;: ‘fQ;rpf;fpy;yhk nrj;j
gay;fis vuf;fg;gl;Lf; filapNy tr;rJ vd; Kl;lhs;jdk;…’
 njhopyhsh;fspd; ciog;igNah Ntiy nra;Ak; Neuj;jpiaNah Gfo;e;J kdk; nfhs;shjth;fs;:
Kj;ijah gps;isapd; ghf;fpia fil rpg;ge;jp xUtd; thq;fy; tptfhuk;
 xU kdpjdpd; mbg;igl ,ay;ig md;G> fUiz> tpl;Lf;nfhLg;G> cjtp vd ey;y gz;Gfis
mjpfk; fhzg;gl;lhYk; Kjyhspfs; vDk; epiyapy; itj;J Nehf;Fk; NghJ rh;thjpfhpahfNt
jd;idj; jhd; khw;wpf; nfhs;fpwhh;fs;.
 fijj; jiyg;gpd; nghUj;jg;ghL (khf;]pr Nehf;fpy;) jdJ ,ay;ghd ew; gz;Gfis jdJ
Kjyhspj;Jtj;jpw;fhf jpahfk; nra;Ak; kdpjh;fSk; cs;sdh;.
 ,f;fijapd; Muk;gj;jpy; Kjyhspahdtu; Raeythjpahf fhzg;gl;lhYk; fij KbAk; NghJ
mtUila jpahf czu;T ntspg;gl;L rpyUila fz;Zf;F nghJeythjpahfTk; rpyuJ
fz;Zf;F tpj;jpahrkhf mtu; njd;gl;lhYk; mtUila cz;ikahd Fzkhf jpahf czu;Nt
ntspg;gLfpd;wJ.
 Kjyhspapd; thu;j;ijg; gpuNahfk; Muk;gj;jpy; ehfupfkw;wjhf fhzg;gl;L kw;wtu;fSf;F
nfl;ltuhf njd;gl;lhYk; mtu; ,t;thW nra;tJ jk;kplk; Ntiy nra;Ak; rpg;ge;jpfspd;
eyDf;fhfNt vd;W njupa tUk; NghJ mtu; ey;y kdpjuhf ek; fz;fSf;F njd;gLfpd;whu;.
 njhopyhspfis vt;thW jhd; mtu; nfhLikfSf;F cl;gLj;jp ,Ue;jhYk; mtu;fSila
tpUg;G ntWg;Gfis mwpe;J mtu;fSila Njitfis G+u;j;jp nra;J itg;ghu;:jPghtspf;F GJ
Nt\;b rl;ilfs; thq;fpf; nfhLj;jy;> jpUkzj;jpw;F fzprkhd njhifia toq;Fjy;> jd;dplk;
Ntiyghu;fF ; k; rpg;ge;jpfs; GJf;fil Muk;gpf;f vz;zpdhy; cjTjy;>NfhapYf;F NghFk;NghJ
Ntz;ba nghUs;thq;f gzk; toq;fy;.
 jpahfk; rpWfijapy; fhzg;gl;l Kjyhsp njhopyhsp njhlu;ghd rpe;jidiaAk; murpaypy;
fhzg;gLk; rpe;jidiaAk; xj;J Nehf;Fk; NghJ rpy fUj;Jf;fs; xj;Jg; NghdhYk; rpy
fUj;Jf;fs; Ntw;Wik epiyapy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,Ue;jhYk; ,f;fijapy; KjyhspapDila
jpahf czu;Nt NkNyhq;fp epw;fpd;wJ.
(M)njhopyhspfs;:
 ciog;Gr; Ruz;ly;fSf;F cs;shFgth;fs;:
 Rje;jpuk; ,y;yhjth;fs;: Ngr;R Rje;jpuk; cl;gl:
 Ntiy Neuk; mjpfk; (KjyhspfSld; xg;gply;) Kjyhspf;F Kd;dNk filf;F tuy;
 cly;>cs>r%f hPjpahdghjpg;gpw;F mjpfk; cs;shNthh;> cly;: Ntiyg;gS> csk;:nrl;bahuJ
Vr;Rf;fs;> r%fk;:filf;F tUk; Efh;NthUf;F Kd;dhYk; mtkhdg;gLj;jg;gly;:
rz;Kfg;gps;isapd; mtjhdpg;Gf;fs;.
 Kjyhspj;Jt r%fj;jhy; toq;fg;gLk; eyd;Ghp nraw;ghLfshy; Kjyhspj;Jt r%fj;jpd;
mbikj;jdj;ij tpUk;gpNah tpUk;ghkNyh Vw;wy;>‘nrl;bahdhpd; thh;j;ijfSf;Fg; nghUs;
fpilahJ vd;W kdg;G+h;tkkhf mth;fs; ek;gpdhh;fs;. mjw;F gy fhuzq;fs; cz;L> xd;W>
NtW ve;j filapYk;…

10
(,)Nfhl;ghL hPjpahf
 Kjyhspj;Jtj;jpw;f vjpuhd rpe;jidia nfhz;l xUth; Vd; nrl;bahuJ gz;Gfis
epahag;gLj;Jfpwhh;. Vd;w Nfs;tp tuyhk;.
 nrl;bahh; guk;giu Kjyhsp my;y> mjhtJ ,tuJ je;ij Nghd;Nwhh; Kjyhspahf
fhzg;gltpy;iy. khwhf njhopyhspahf Ntiy nra;J gpd;dh; Kjyhsp Mdth;. vdNt
njhopyhsh; eyd; Ngz; Nehf;fq;fis nfhz;bUg;gJ ,ay;Ng ,Ug;gpDk; fil chpikahsh;
Mifahy; Kjyhspj;Jtj;jpd; Nghf;fpw;Fk; Mshfpwhh; vd;gijAk; fhzyhk;.fhuzk;:‘vq;F
,uz;L th;f;fq;fs; Njhd;WNjh mq;F xd;wpdJ eyd; NgZk; fUtpahf muR NJhd;Wk; -
fhy;]; khf;]:; ‘tuyhw;W nghUs; thjk;’
 jhuhz;ikthjkhdJ fhyj;jpw;Nfw;g jkJ Nfhl;ghl;by; rPh;jpUj;jq;fis cs;thq;fp
nfhz;Ls;sJ. Mdhy; rkTlik thjkhdJ ,w;iwg;gLj;jg;glhj kuG hPjpahd cs;slf;fj;ij
nfhz;Ls;sij rkTlik thjp vd;w hPjpapy; mofpuprhkp jkJ fijapy; cs; Eioj;Js;shh;.
nrl;bahh; jdJ Kjyhspaplk; ngw;w mDgtj;ij jdJ njhopyhspfsplk; elg;gpj;jy;. mJ jhd;
ed;ik juf;$baJ vd vz;zy;.
 jhuhz;ik thjf; fUj;jpaypy; jiyaplh muR nfhs;if> eyd;Ghp thj mur nfhs;if>
Fiwe;j gl;r mur nfhs;if vDk; vz;zf;Uf;fs; fhyj;jpd; Njitf;Nfw;g Nrh;f;fg;gl;lik
MFk;. njhopyhsh;fs; Kjyhspj;Jt r%fj;jpy; tWikf;F cs;shf;fg;gLfpd;wdh; vd;w
tpkh;rdj;jpw;Fg; gjpyhf Xh; fz;Jilg;ghf eyd;Ghpr; nraw;ghLfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;:nrl;bahh;>
njhopyhsh;fs; jpUkzj;jpw;F gzk; nfhLj;jy;.
 cyf ehLfspYk; Fwpg;ghf ,yq;ifapYk;> ,e;jpahtpYk; njhopyhsh;fspd; epiyapid itj;J
murpay; nra;Ak; Nghf;Ffs; md;Wk; ,d;Wk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd.

jpahfk; rpWfijapy;: fjpNurd; nrl;bahuJ kspif filapy; eilngWk; md;whl nraw;ghLfs;

 mwpKfk;:xU gyruf;F fil vd;why; md;whl tho;f;iff;F Njitahd gy nghUl;fs; tpw;gid
nra;ag;gLk; MfNt Efu;Nthu;> fil Ntiyahl;fs; vd gyu; FOkpapUf;Fk; ,lkhf ,J
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. jpahfk; rpWfijapd; gpujhd fijf; fskhf fhzg;gLtJ fjpNurd; nrl;bahuJ
gyruf;Ff; filahFk;.jpahfk; rpWfij kspiff; filia fskhff; nfhz;L
tbtikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ mjpfhiyapy; fil jpwg;gJ Kjy; khiy fil milg;gJ tiu
,lk;ngWk; rk;gtq;fs;> nraw;ghLfs; gyruf;F filnahd;wpy; ,lk;ngWk; md;whl
nraw;ghLfis fUjyhk;.
 fil jpwj;jy;:,e;J Kiwg;gb>jpahfk; rpWfijapy; tUfpd;w ghj;jpuq;fs; ,e;J mjhtJ
jopou;fshf fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sjd; %ykhf mwpayhk;.
 Neuj;jpw;F vOk;Gjy;:nrl;bahh; nra;Ak; njhopy; epue;jukhdJ mjdhy; mtUf;F gof;fg;gl;l
tplakhFk;: jpdKk; 10:25 filf;F tUgth;.
 fil jpwg;gth; : Kjyhsp>njhopyhspfspilNa>jpahfk; rpW fijapy; njhopyhspNa fil
jpwg;gtuhf fhzg;gLfpd;whh;: nrl;bahh; 10:25f;F filf;F te;J NrhkRe;jug; gps;isia Vwpl;Lg;
ghh;j;jy;.
 nrl;bahuJ fil EioT: fjpNurd; nrl;bahuJ fil epfo;Tfs; midj;JNk mtuJ fil
Eiotpw;F gpd;du;jhd; Muk;gkhfpd;wJ. ,jw;F cjhuzkhf fjpNurd; nrl;bahu; fhiyapy; 10
kzpf;nfy;yhk; gyfhuk; rhg;gpl;Ltpl;L rhg;gpl;l rpukj;ij Nghf;fpf; nfhs;s 10 epkp\k;
cl;fhu;e;Jtpl;L mjd; gpd; filia Nehf;fp Gwg;gLthu;. vd;W mtuJ fhiy Neu nraw;ghLfs;
midj;ijAk; njspthfg; Gyg;gLj;jptpl;L md;Wk; fhiy 10.25 f;F filf;F te;jhu;. ,e;j
trdj;jpypUe;J tpsq;fpf; nfhs;s fUj;J ahnjdpy; nrl;bahuJ fil EioNt md;iwa
ehSf;fhd KjyhtJ fil epfo;thf cs;sJ. Vnddpy; filapy; fzf;Fg;gps;isahf
gzpGupAk; NrhkRe;juk;gps;is gpd; rpg;ge;jpfs; filf;Fs; Eiotij Xu; rk;gtkhf mtu;
Fwpg;gpltpy;iy. nrl;bahiuNa fil epfo;Tfis njhlf;Fgtuhf gilj;Js;shu;.
 nrl;bahu; Copau;fis mtjhdpj;jy;:fil Kjyhspahd fjpNurd; nrl;bahu; jdJ filapy;
gzpGupAk; Copau;fis fz;Nzhf;fy; vd;gJk; kspiff; filapy; eilngWk; Xu; md;whl
rk;gtkhf fUjf; $bajha; cs;sJ. fil Kjyhsp vd;w me;j];jpy; fhzg;gLk; fjpNurd;
nrl;bahu; jkf;F fPo; gzpGupAk; fzf;Fgps;is cl;gl midj;J fil rpg;ge;jpfisAk;
mtjhdpf;fpd;whu;. cjhuzkhf ‘filapy; te;J cl;fhu;e;j fjpNurd; nrl;bahu; fzf;F vOJk;
NrhkRe;jug;gps;isia xUjlit Vwpl;Lg; ghu;j;jhu;. fil rpg;ge;jpfs; me;j ehd;F NgiuAk;

11
 nkhj;jkhfTk; jdpj;jdpaahfTk; ghu;j;jhu;’ vd;w trdq;fspD}lhf ,ijf; fz;L nfhs;syhk;.
Kjyhspapd; jdpj;Jtg; gz;G:Kfghtk;>fLfLg;G>xU khjphpahd tpiwg;Gld; ele;J nfhs;sy;.
 Kjyhsp gzpahsh;fsplk; Ntiy nrhy;Yjy;> VRjy;: “Kj;ijah gps;isNahl ghf;fpa Ngha;
Nfl;bah?>gUg;gpNy xNufy;yhf; fplf;F nghlr;rpah?” vdNtiy nrhy;Yjy;> “jbg;gay;fsh>
re;jpahrpfshlh> vUikkhl;Lg; gay;fs;> guNjrpfs;> V fOj>Kbr;Rkhwp gayh>ehNa NgNa” vd
gythw VRjy;
 ez;gh;fs; njhpe;jth;fs; te;jhy; filia kwe;J fijj;Jf; nfhz;bUj;jy;:~z;Kfk; gps;is
vDk; ghj;jpuk; te;jhy; filia kwe;J fijj;Jf; nfhz;bUj;jy;.
 FiwfhZjy;>fz;fhzpj;jy;>rpg;ge;jpfSf;Fj; jpl;LtJ:fjpNurd; nrl;bahu; jdJ filapy;
rpg;ge;jpfshf gzpGupAk; Copau;fSf;F md;whlk; jpl;bf; nfhz;Lk; Fiw $wpf;nfhz;Lk;
fhzg;gLtijNa vk;khy; mtjhdpf;f Kbfpd;wJ. ,jid cWjpg;gLj;Jk; Kfkhf fijapy;
fhzg;gLk; rpy cjhuzq;fisf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.fij Muk;gj;jpNyNa>“Vd;lhjbg;gay;fsh” vdj;
njhlq;Fk; tupfspy; jpUePW G+rp te;jikf;F VrpaJ Gjpjhf te;j igad; vjpu;j;Jg; Ngrpa NghJ>
“mb nrUg;ghy ehNa” vdj;njhlq;Fk; tupfs;> kw;WnkhU igaDf;F gUg;gpNy ,Uf;Fk;
fw;fis mfw;w nrhy;Yk; gbahf> “V fONj xd;idj;jhNd gUg;gpNy xNu fy;yh fplf;F vd;W
nrhd;dNd nghilr;rp tr;rpah fONj” vd;W $wpaik NkYk;> “ehNa NgNa gpr;irf;fhud;
fQ;rpf;F ,y;yhjtd;” vd;W Nrw;wpNy Njha;j;njLj;j thu;j;ijfis gpuNahfpf;fpd;whu; nrl;bahu;.
MfNt ,f;fijapy; mjpfkhd ,lj;jpy; nrl;bahu; rpg;ge;jpfSf;Fj; jpl;LtjhfNt
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. jpUePW G+rpdhYk; jpl;Ljy;>G+rhtpl;lhYk; jpl;Ljy;>ghf;fpa Ngha; Nfl;bah>
fz;bg;gh Nfl;bah vdj; jpl;Ljy;.
 Ntiy nra;gth;fs;:fzf;fhsu;>rpg;ge;jpfs;:
 NrhkRe;jug;gps;is fzf;Fg;ghu;j;J> RWRWg;ghf Ntiy ghh;f;fpwhu;.
 rpg;ge;jpfSf;F Kjyhsp VRfpd;w NghJ rpg;ge;jpfSf;F cjtp nra;a ntq;flhryk; vjph;j;Jg;
NgRjy;.
 rpg;ge;jpfsplk; Ntiy nrhy;Yjy;> mtu; filapy; kl;Lk; Kjyhsp Nghy ele;Jnfhs;Sjy;
filf;F ntspapy; md;ghdtuhf ele;J nfhs;gtu;.
 Gjpjhf te;j igad; vjpu;j;Jg; NgRjy;:nrl;bahu; rupahd fhuzfhupak; ,d;wp vjw;nfLj;jhYk;
tPzhfj; jpl;Lk; rkaj;jpy; Gjpjhf filf;F Ntiyf;F ,ize;j igad; ntq;flhryk;
Nfhgg;gLfpd;whd;. Vndd;why; gioa rpg;ge;jpfSf;F nrl;bahuJ FzKk; nraw;ghLfSk;
ed;whfj; njupAk;. Mdhy; ,e;j Gjpjhf Nru;e;j igaDf;F midj;Jk; GjpjhfTk; nrl;bahuJ
xt;nthU thu;j;ijfSk; jk;Kld; Kuz;gl;L fhzg;gLtjhy; mtDk; nrl;bahNuhL vjpu;j;Jg;
Ngr Kw;gLfpd;whd;. cjhuzq;fshf> nrl;bahu; Kjy;ehs; filf;F te;jTld; jpUePW ms;sp
G+rpaikia rhf;fhf itj;J igad;fSf;F jpl;Lfpwhu.; mg;NghJ me;jg; igad;; “ePq;fSk;
G+rpapUf;fpq;fNs Kjyhsp?” vd;W Nfl;lJ. kw;nwhU rkak; nrl;bahu; midtUf;Fk; jpl;btpl;L>
“njhiyQ;rp Nghq;flh” vd;W tpul;baTld; midtUk; cs;Ns Nghfpd;wdu;. mjw;Fk;
nrl;bahu;> “thutq;fSf;Fg; GspAk; fLFk; ehd; epWj;Jg; NghLwd;” vd;W kPz;Lk; jpl;Lk;
NghJ> me;jg; GJg; igad; “ePq;fjhNd Kjyhsp cs;Ns Nghfr; nrhd;dPq;f? ehq;f vJ
nra;jhYk; Fj;jkh nrhy;YwPq;fNs” vd;W jkJ Mj;jpuj;ij ntspf;fhl;Lfpwhd;.
 Gjpa rpg;ge;jpf;F jpl;Lk; NghJ gioa rpg;ge;jpfs; rpupj;jy;:Gjpjhf filapy; Ntiyf;F ,ize;j
ntq;flhryj;ij nrl;bahu; jpl;Lk; NghJ gioa rpg;ge;jpfs; rpupg;gJ tof;fk;. Vndd;why;
nrl;bahu; rpg;ge;jpfSf;F jpl;Lk; NghJ gioa rpg;ge;jpfSf;F nrl;bahupd; Fzhjpraq;fs;
rYiffs; midj;Jk; njupAk; Mjyhy; mtu;fs; nrl;bahupd; Nfhgj;jpw;F cs;thq;fg;gl;lhYk;
mijg; nghUl;gLj;Jtjpy;iy. Mdhy; Gjpjhf ,ize;j igaDf;F Kjw;ghlk; $l ,d;Dk;
ruptu Gupatpy;iy vd;gjdhy; mtd; vjpu;j;J NgRk; NghJ mtu; ,d;dKk; mjpfkhff;
Nfhgg;gLfpwhu;. ,jdhNy Gjpa rpg;ge;jpf;F jpl;Lk; NghJ gioa rpg;ge;jpfs; rpupf;fpd;wdu;. ,jw;F
fijapD}lhf rpy cjhuzq;fis Nehf;FNthkhdhy;> “ePq;fSk; tpG+jp G+rpapUf;fpq;fNs
Kjyhsp” vd;W GJg;igad; Nfl;lTld; nrl;bahu>; “mb nrUg;ghy ehNa” vd;W jpl;Lk; NghJ
gioa rpg;ge;jpfs; rpupf;fpd;wdu;. mLj;jjhf nrl;bahu; igad;fis cs;Ns Nghfr; nrhy;yp
jpl;btpl;L kPz;Lk; mioj;j NghJ> “ePq;jhNd Kjyhsp cs;Ns Nghfr; nrhd;dPq;f ehq;f vijr;
nra;jhYk; Fj;jkhfr; nrhy;Ywpq;f” vd;W $wpaTld; Kjyhsp jpl;Lk; NghJ gioa
rpg;ge;jpfs; rpupf;fpd;wdu;.

12
 ,e;j rk;gtq;fspD}lhf nrl;bahu; xt;nthU jlitAk; jpl;Lk; NghJ gioa rpg;ge;jpfs; tha;
jpwe;J vjpu;j;Jg; NgRtij fhzKbatpy;iy. Mdhy; ,e;j ntq;flhryk; khj;jpuNk
nrl;bahupd; fUj;ij vjpu;j;J NgRtijAk; Nfs;tp Nfl;gtdhfTk; fhzg;gLfpd;whd;. ,J
vt;thW md;whl nraw;ghl;bw;Fs; mlq;Fk; vd;W ghu;j;Njhkhdhy; xt;nthU tplaj;jpw;Fk;
vjpu;j;Jg; Ngrpf;nfhz;Nl fhzg;gLtijf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.
 fil G+l;Ljy;:fil G+l;Ljy; Jhpjkhf G+l;Ltjhf $wg;gLfpd;wJ. Nfhapy; jpUtpoh vd;w gbahy;
8:00 kzpf;F G+l;lg;gLfpd;wJ.

jpahfk; rpWfijapd; gbg;gpidfs;

 NeuKfhikj;Jtk; : Nfhtpy;gl;b kspiff;fil fjpNurd; nrl;bahu; fhiyapy; gyfhuk; rhg;gpl
10 kzpahFk;. gpd; gj;J epkplk; cl;fhu;e;J rhg;gpl;l rpukj;ijg; Nghf;fpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
mjd; gpd; filia Nehf;fp Gwg;gLthu;. rupahf 15 epkpl eil. 10.25 f;F filapy; te;J
cl;fhUthu;. fbfhuk; ghu;f;fhkNy epkplf;fzf;Fj; jtwhky; tU\k; 365 ehSk; xNu khjpupahf
filf;F tUtJk; jpUk;gpr; nry;tJkhff; fhzg;gl;lhu;.
 ,Uf;Fk; ,lj;jpw;F Vw;g kdpju;fspd; elj;ijfSk; khwp khwp eilngWk;: fjpNurd; nrl;bahu;
filf;Fs; EioAk; NghJ Kfj;ij vg;gb itj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;LNkh xU Fwpg;gpl;l Kiwapy;
itj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.,e;j Kfghtj;jpd; gpujhd mk;rk; fLfLg;G> gpujhdkpy;yhj mk;rk;
xU khjpupahd tpiwg;G. ,e;j Kfghtj;ij filapy; cl;fhu;e;jpUf;Fk; tiuapy; vf;fhuzj;ijf;
nfhz;Lk; khw;wkhl;lhu;. mtuJ ez;gu;fNsh> me;j];Jkpf;f thbf;ifahsu;fNsh tUk; NghJ
mtu; rpupf;fNth Gd;dif nra;aNth mtrpak; Vw;gLk;. mijAk; ,e;j Kfghtj;ij khw;whkNy
epiwNtw;wp tpLthu;. mtUila tPl;bw;F filg;igad;fs; Nghdhy; fLfLg;G ,y;yhky; Iah>
uhrh vd;W md;NghL NgRthu;.
 ngw;Nwhu; nrhy; Nfl;L elj;jy;:ntq;flhryk; nrhy;yhky; nfhs;shky; filia tpl;L Xbuyhk;
vd;W epidj;jhYk; jd; jfg;gdhupd; fz;bg;gpw;F gae;J ,d;Dk; mq;NfNa ,Ue;J
nfhz;bUe;jhd;.
 Gupe;Jzu;thNyNa xUtu; kPJ kjpg;Gk; kupahijAk; Vw;gLk;: nrl;bahupd; Fzhjpraq;fnsy;yhk;
filg; igad;fSf;F kdg;ghlk; ,uz;L thuq;fSf;F Kd;te;J Nru;e;j GJg;igad;
ntq;flhryj;jpw;F ,d;Dk; Kjy;ghlk; $lruptug; Gupatpy;iy. ,jdhy;jhd; nrl;bahu; mtidj;
jpl;Lk; NghJ cs;Su kdk; FKwpaJ.
 nfhLf;fy; thq;fypd; NghJ rhku;j;jpak; Ntz;Lk;: nrl;bahu;> “me;j Kj;ijahg;gps;is
juNtz;ba ghf;fpiaf; Nfl;L thq;fpdpahlh” vd;W Nfl;Fk; NghJ> “Mk; Kjyhsp thq;fpl;Nld;”
vd;W KUifad; $w> “ml vd;dNkh ,td; rhku;j;jpaj;jpy thq;fpd khjpupapy;Ny NgRwhd;”
vd;gJk; “fz;bg;ghf Nfl;bah? cd;d ahUlh mg;gbf; Nfl;fr; nrhd;dJ? vjk; gjkh NgrDk;D
xdf;F vj;jdjuk; nrhy;ypUf;Nfd; fz;bg;gh Ngrpdh ehisf;F vtz;lh filf;F tUthd;?”
vdf; $WtJk;.
 NrUkplk; mwpe;J Nru Ntz;Lk;:ntq;flhryj;jpdJ Nuh\j;ijf; fz;Lk; nrl;bahu; jq;fisj;
jpl;Ltijf; fz;Lk; kw;wg;igad;fs; rpupj;jjw;F fhuzk; mtu;fSf;F khdNkh Nuh\Nkh
,y;yhjJjhd; vd;W ahuhtJ epidj;jhy; mijtpl ngupa jtW Ntnwhd;W ,Uf;f KbahJ.
mtu;fs; mq;NfNa ,Ue;J gofpatu;fs; kw;Wk; mjw;Fg; gy fhuzq;fSk; cz;L.mit
tUkhW:NtW ve;jf; filapYk; filr;rpg;ge;jpfSf;F nfhLf;Fk; rk;gsj;ijtpl
mjpfrk;gsk;.jPghtspf;F GJNt\;b rl;ilfSld; MSf;F 10&gha; nuhf;fKk; nfhLg;ghu;.fil
Ntiyiaj; jtpu kwe;Jk;$l tPl;L Ntiyiar; nra;ar; nrhy;ykhl;lhu;. ahu; vd;d Gfhu;
nrhd;dhYk; ve;jg;igaidAk; NtiyapypUe;J ePf;FtJ fpilahJ.fy;ahzj;jpw;F xU
fzprkhd njhifiaf; nfhLg;gNjhL mtu;fs; jdpf;fil njhlq;fTk; cjtp nra;thu;.
 nghJeyk; - jd;dyk; fUjhJ nrl;bahu; njhopyhsu;fs; vd;w tifapy; mtu;fs; Kd;Df;F
tuNtz;Lnkd;Dk; nghJey nraw;ghL nfhz;ltu;.
 xUtupd; ntsp elj;ijia khj;jpuk; itj;J mtuJ Fzhk;rq;fis mwpa KbahJ:nrl;bahu;
fijapd; Muk;gj;jpy; fLfLg;ghf fhzg;gl;lhu;. Mdhy; fijKbtpy; md;ghdtuhfTk;> jpahf
czu;r;rp cs;stuhfTk; fhzg;gLfpd;whu;.
 Gjpaijf; fz;L gioaij kwe;Jtplf;$lhJ:nrl;bahiu mtu; gofpa cyfk; iftpl;lhYk;
mtu; mij tplj; jahuhf ,y;iy vdf;$WtJ.

13
 ,iwgf;jp:irtdhg; gpwe;jtd; jpUePW jupj;jy; Ntz;Lnkd nrl;bahu; ntq;flhryj;jplk;
$wy;:nrk;gfty;ypak;kd; Gz;zpaj;jpy; ,d;Dk; clk;Gf;F xd;Dk; tuy;.
 rpwg;ghd topelj;jy;:ehd; filg;igadha; (nrl;bahu;) ,Ue;j NghJ vq;f Kjyhsp Ngrpdj;Jy
gj;Jy xU gq;F$l ehd; Ngrkhl;ld;. vd;dg;gj;jp kl;Lkh vd; jhap jfg;gd;> ghl;ld; mj;jid
NgiuAk; itj;J Nftykha;g; NgRthU GOj;j eha;$l FWf;fg; NghthJ xUehs; vd;
%Q;rpapNy mQ;Rg;gy gbiaNa J}f;fp tPrpl;lhU vdg; gioa epidTfisf; $Wjy;.
 Vidatupd; fUj;Jf;fspy; gq;nfLj;jy;: nrl;bahupd; Ngr;irf;Nfl;L rz;Kfg;gps;is rpupg;gJk;
mijf; fz;L nrl;bahu; Jd;gkiljYk;.
 ek;gpf;iff;F fuq;nfhLj;jy; : “mtq;f jha; jfg;gd;khU vd;id ek;gp ,tDfis
xg;gilr;rpUffhq;fNs” vd;W nrl;bahu; rz;Kfk;gps;isaplk; $Wjy;.
 nra;Ak; nraypy; Neu;j;jp:nrl;bahu; fil Muk;gpj;jjpypUe;J xUj;jd;$l ghu;j;J Fiw
nrhy;tjw;F ,lkpy;yhky; epu;thfk; nra;gtu;.
 nghUshjhuj;jpy; J}uNehf;Fld; nrw;gly;: “fz;bg;ghf Nfl;bah? cd;d ahUlh mg;gbf; Nfl;fr;
nrhd;dJ? vjk; gjkh NgrDk;D xdf;F vj;jdjuk; nrhy;ypUf;Nfd; fz;bg;gh Ngrpdh ehisf;F
vtz;lh filf;F tUthd;?” vd;w nrl;bahu; – KUifah ciuahly; %ykhf mwpayhk;.
 f];ug;gLk; njhopyhsu;fSf;F cjTk; jpahfk; : nrl;bahu; - rpg;ge;jpfspd; vjpu;fhy tho;tpw;F
mtupd; cly;>capu; eyj;ijj; jpahfk; nra;gtu;.
 r%fj;jpy; ey;y epiyapy; ,Ug;Nghu; jk; Muk;g tho;tpy; mjpf f];uq;fis
mDgtpj;jtu;fNsjhd;> Ntjidfspd;wp ntw;wpapy;iy: nrl;bahupd; Muk;gfhy tho;Tk; jd;d
Kjyhsp nra;j nfhLikfSk;.
jpahfk; fijj;jiyg;gpd; nghUj;jg;ghL
 fijapd; ikaf;fUj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L efUk; ,f;fijf;F ‘jpahfk;’ vd;w jiyg;G
kpfg; nghUj;jkhdjhfNt mikfpwJ.fijapd; Muk;gg; gFjpapy; nrl;bahh; vDk; ghj;jpuk;
rpg;ge;jpfs; kPJ fLk; Nghf;iff; filg;gpbf;Fk; ghj;jpukhfg; gilf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. fjhrphpahpd;
gilg;Gj;jpwdhy; fij efh;tpd; mLj;j fl;lj;jpy; rpg;ge;jpfs; kPJ mf;fiwAk; md;Gk; nfhz;l
ghj;jpuk; vd;gJ Gyg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. mt;thW El;gkhf tsh;j;njLf;fg;gLk; mg; ghj;jpuj;jpw;Fk;
~z;Kfg;gps;isf;Fk; ,ilapy; fijapd; ,Wjpg;gFjpapy; ,lk;ngWk; ciuahly; %ykhf
igad;fspd; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;fhf jdJ eyj;ijAk; nghUl;gLj;jhJ jdJ eyidj; jpahfk;
nra;J tho;gth;> vd;gjd; cz;ik Gyg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. mg;NghJjhd; nrl;bahhpd; md;Gs;sk;>
jpahfk; KOtJkhf ntspg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.

mt; ciuahly; gFjpapy; “,dpNk vd;d? taJ mWgjhr;R. cRiu tr;rpUe;J vd;dj;ijr;
rhjpf;fg;NghfpNwhk;?” vd;W jpahf czh;r;rpNahL Ngrpdhh; vd;w mtuJ thh;j;ijfs;
capiuf;$l igad;fspd; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;fhf jpahfk; nra;aj; jahh; vd;w kdepiyia
Gyg;gLj;JfpwJ. ,k; kdepiyNa fijapd; cr;rk; vdyhk;. ,j;jifa ikag;nghUisf; nfhz;l
fijf;Fj; ‘jpahfk;’ vdj; jiyg;gpl;lik nghUj;jg;ghLilaNj. mt;tifapy; ,f;fijapy;
gy;NtW jpahfq;fs; ,lk;ngWfpd;wd.

(m)Kjyhspapd; jpahfq;fs;:
 cly; eyj;ijAk; cs eyj;ijAk; jpahfk; nra;fpwhu;:jhd; vt;thW ey;y epiyf;F te;jhNuh
mNjNghy; filg;igad;fSk; tuNtz;Lk; vd;gij kdjpy; nfhz;L mtu;fsplk; kpf fz;bg;ghf
ele;J mtu;fSf;F jpdKk; Vrp Vrp jd; cly; eyj;ijf; nfLj;Jf;nfhs;fpd;whu;. nrl;bahuplk;
rz;Kfg;gps;is Ngr;Rf;nfhLf;Fk; NghJ nrl;bahu;>“mbf;fb njhz;il fl;bf;Fk; ghypNy
gdq;fy;fz;Lk; kpsFk; Nghl;Lf;Fbg;gd;” vd;W $Wfpd;whu;. mjw;F \z;Kfk;gps;is “,dpAk;
mu;r;rid elf;Fk;” vd;W rpupf;f nrl;bahu; “cq;fSf;F vd;dNkh rpupg;gh ,Uf;F vdf;F
cq;f$l fijf;f $l Kbay;y njhz;l typf;FJ” vd;W mohj Fiwahff; $Wfpdw ; hu;.
mtu;fSf;F jpdkk; Vrptpl;L tPl;Lf;Fr; nrd;W tUj;jg;gLfpwhu;. ,jd; %yk; nrl;bahu;
cly;eyj;ijAk; cs eyj;ijAk; jpahfk; nra;fpwhu; vd;gJ GydhFk;.
 Xa;it jpahfk; nra;fpwhu;:iff;fbfhuk; fl;lhkNy tUrk; 365 ehSk; filf;FtUtJk; tPL
jpUk;GtijAk; tof;fkhff; nfhz;bUg;gtu;. xt;nthU ehSk; vijahtJ rhf;fhf
itj;Jf;nfhz;L filg;giad;fSf;F jpl;b jpl;b njhz;iltyp ,Ue;jhYk; tPl;by; Xa;ntLj;J
epw;fhJ kWehSk; Kd;idaehs; NghyNt filapy; Ntiy nra;fpwhu;.

14
 kfpo;r;rpia jpahfk; nra;jhu;:nrl;bahu; filapy; ,Uf;Fk;NghJ fLfLg;ghd Kfghtj;ij
itj;Jf;nfhz;bUg;ghu;. filf;F me;j];J kpf;f thbf;ifahsu;fNsh ez;gu;fNsh tUk;NghJ
rpupf;f Ntz;b Vw;gLk;. mijAk; mNj Kfghtj;NjhL nra;J Kbj;JtpLthu;.igad;fNshLk;
fLikahf elg;gjhy;; jd; kfpo;r;rpia jpahfk; nra;fpd;whu;.
 ew;ngaiu jpahfk; nra;fpwhu;:,g;gb tUk; filg; igad;fSf;fhf nra;tjhYk; kw;wtu;fs;
\z;Kfk;gps;is nrl;bahuplk; Nfl;fpwhu;>“Vd; ,Ugj;JehY kzp NeuKk; igad;gis
jpl;bf;nfhz;Nl ,Uf;fPq;f> vg;g ghu;j;jhYk; vtidahtJ epg;ghl;b itr;R nghupapwPq;fNs>
vJf;F nfhQ;rk; md;gh Mjuth ,Uf;fyhkpy;Ny. Vd; fj;jDk; ey;ygbah xU nrhy; nrhd;dh
gj;jhNjh” vd Nfl;gjd; %yk; nrl;bahu; ew;ngaiuAk; ey;y Fzj;ijAk; jpahfk; nra;fpwhu;
vdyhk;.
 ,yhgj;ijAk; jpahfk; nra;fpwhu;:filapy; Ntiy ghu;j;j igad;fs; nguptdhfp jdpf;fil
Muk;gpf;f epidj;jhy; mjw;Fk; cjtp nra;thu;. mtu; ifJ}f;fptpl;L %d;W Ngu; mNj Cupy;
,yhgfukhf tpahghuj;ij elhj;jp tUfpd;whu;fs;. nrz;gf ty;ypak;kd; Nfhapy; jpUtpoh ,Wjp
ehspd; NghJ tof;fkhf xd;gJ kzpf;F %Lk; filia vl;L kzpf;Nf %b filg;igad;fis
NfhapYf;F mDg;gp itf;fpwhu;. ,jd; %yk; nrl;bahu; ,yhgj;ij jpahfk; nra;fpwhu; vdyhk;.
 Kjyhsp jd; cupikiaj; jpahfk; nra;fpwhu;:jpUePW G+rp te;jijg; ghu;j;J nrl;bahu;
jpl;l>“ePq;fSe;jhNd Kjyhsp jpUePW G+rpapUf;fPq;f” vd;W Nfl;f “mb nrUg;ghy ehNa
thanjhwf;fpwPah eP. ghu;j;jPuh NrhkRe;jug;gps;is ga vJj;jpy ntthfhuk; gz;Zuhd; N[hl;lhy
mbr;R ntspNa gj;Jk; ,tid” vd;W VRfpwhNu jtpu mtu;fis jd; cupikiag; gad;gLj;jp
Ntiyia tpl;L epWj;jtpy;iy.
 Ra nfsutj;ijj; jpahfk; nra;fpwhu;:nrl;bahu; \z;Kfk; gps;isaplk; nrhy;fpwhu; “ehd;
filg;igadh ,Ue;jNghJ vq;f Kjyhsp Ngrpdj ePq;f Nfl;bUf;fZk;. mjpy gj;jpy; xUgq;F
$l ehd; NgrpapUf;fkhl;ld;. vd;dg;gj;jp kl;Lkh vd;l jha;> jfg;gd;> ghl;;ld; vy;yhiuAk;
Nru;j;J itr;R Nftyhkhf NgRthu;. GSj;j eha; FWf;Nf NghfhJ. xUehs; mQ;Rg;gy gbia
%Q;rpapy tPrpl;lhU. ,ijnay;yhk; nghWj;Jj;jhd; ehd; ,e;j epiyikapy ,Uf;fd;” vd
ntspg;gilahf $Wfpwhu;.
 nrl;bahu; tho;f;ifia jpahfk; nra;fpwhu;: “mz;zhr;rp ePq;f vd;djhd; nrhy;Yq;f gaf ey;yh
jiynaLf;fZk; vd;W ,t;tsT fhyKk; ,g;gb ,Ue;jpl;L ,dpNk vf;NfL nfl;lh vdf;nfd;d
vd;W vd;dhy ,Uf;fKbahJ. taR mWgjhr;R ,dp crputr;rpUe;J vd;dj;j
rhjpf;fg;Nghwk;” vd jpahf czu;r;rpNahL NgRfpwhu;. ,jd;%yk; jd; tho;f;ifiaNa
mtu;fSf;fhf jpahfk; nra;fpwhu;.
(M)njhopyhspapd; jpahfq;fs;:
 filg;igad;fSk; jk; cupikia jpahfk; nra;fpwhu;fs;:filg; igad;fSf;F nrl;bahu;> “ehNa>
guNjrp> fQ;rpf;F topapy;yhjtd;” vd;W jpl;Lk;NghJ kdk; f];lkhf ,Uf;Fk;.filia tpl;L
Xbtplyhk; Nghy Njhd;wpdhYk; jd; je;ijapd; fz;bg;Gf;Fg; gae;J mf;filapNy Ntiy
nra;fpwhd;. ,jd; %yk; jk; cupikia jpahfk; nra;fpd;wdu; vdyhk;.
 NrhkRe;juk; gps;is jd; njhopy; ju;kj;ij jpahfk; nra;fpwhu;: NrhkRe;juk;gps;is Ntiy
nra;Jnfhz;bUf;Fk; NghJ nrl;bahu; me;j filg; igad;fSf;F jpl;Ltjhy; mij jLf;f jd;
Ntiyia tpl;L mjw;fhfNt Neuj;ij jpahfk; nra;J nrytpLfpwhu;. mtu; fzf;Fg;gps;isahf
,Ue;jhYk; me;j igad;fis nrl;bahu; jpl;bypUe;J fhg;ghw;Wgtuhf tpsq;Ffpwhu;. ,jd; %yk;
mtu; jdJ njhopy; ju;kj;ij jpahfk; nra;fpwhu; vdyhk;.

jpahfk; rpWfijapd; nkhopeilg; gpuNahfk;

 vspikahd nkhopeil : xU fijapd; gpujhd mk;rkhfNt nkhopeil fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
fijf;F capu; nfhLg;gJ nkhopeilNa MFk;. nkhopeil rhjhuzkhf Ngrf;$ba tbtpy;
,Ue;jhy; kl;LNk ghku kf;fshYk; mij thrpj;J gad;;ngw KbAk;. ,jdhy; thrpg;gtu;fspd;
kdjpy; njs;sj; njspthf fij kdjpy; ghjpAk;. ,t;thWjhd; ,e;jj; jpahfk; rpWfijapd;
nkhopeilAk; mike;Js;sJ.

 F.mofpuprhkp kpfTk; ftdkhfTk; njs;sj; njspthfTk; fij mikg;igf; nfhz;L

vOjpAs;shu;. ,tu; jkpo; nkhop kl;Lk; ifahshky; gy;NtW gpw nkhopr; nrhw;fisAk;

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 ifahz;Ls;shu;. ,tw;iw vy;yhk; fd fr;rpjkhf vspikahd nkhopeiliaf; nfhz;L
jpahfj;ij vOjpdhu;.

 ciuahly; ghq;fpy; mike;jik : jpahfk; rpWfij KOikahfNt Xu; ciuahly; ghq;fhfNt

mike;Js;sJ. ntWkNd fij MrpaupaNu vy;y tplaq;fisAk; $wpf;nfhz;L nry;yhky;
ghj;jpuq;fisNa jdf;Fupa tplaj;ij $WtjhfNt mike;Js;sJ. fij MrpupaNu fijia
efu;j;jpr; nrd;why; thrfu; tpUk;GtJ ,y;iy. Mdhy;; ciuahly; ghq;fpy; fij nrd;why; xU
tpWtpWg;G thrfu; kj;jpapy; epiynfhs;Sk;. NrhkRe;jug;gps;is> nrl;bahUld; ciuahLtijAk;
NrhkRe;jug;gps;is filg;igad;fSld; ciuahLtijAk;> nrl;bahu; mz;zhr;rpAld;
ciuahLtijAk; cjhuzkhff; nfhs;syhk;.

 ,oprd nkhopg;; gad;ghL : guNjrp> ehNa> gpr;irf;fhud;> fQ;rpf;F ,ayhjtd;> vUikkhl;Lg;

gaNy> fOijvd;gd ,j;jifad. rpWfijapy; tUk;>‘mb nrUg;ghy! ehNa thiaj;
njhwf;fpwpah eP> Vd;lh jbg;gay;fsh! ePq;f vd;d guNjrpfsh> re;ahrpfshlh? vUik khl;Lg;
gay;fs;!” vd;wthwhd rpy njhlu;fs;; gad;gLj;jg;gl;ld.
 ehfupfkhd nkhopeilg; gpuNahfk;: gy ,opa nrhw;fis nrl;bahu; NgRfpd;whu;. mtw;iw
vy;yhk; ,f;fijapy; r`];uehk mu;r;rid> tirGuhzk;> Gupahj me;epa ghir vd;Nw
$wpAs;shu;. Cjhuzkhf> “gpr;irf;fhud; fQ;rpf;F ,y;yhjtd;> ehNa> NgNa vd;W vj;jidNah
thu;j;ijfis Nrw;wpNy Njha;j;J nrl;bahu; tPRthu;.

 ,e;jpa kJiuj;jkpo; : “ehd; cdf;F vd;dNy nrhd;dd;” vDk; trdj;jpd; %yk; mwpa
Kbak;.
 kuGj; njhlu; gad;ghL : ‘ifJ}f;fp tpLjy;’ vDk; kuGj;njhlu; gad;gLfpwJ. jdJ filapy;
Ntiy nra;Ak; igad;fs; jpUkzk; Md gpd; jdpf;fil vy;yhk; itj;J mtu;fSf;F cjtp
nra;jiy Fwpg;gplyhk;.
 czu;r;rpf;Nfw;g nrhw;gpuNahfk ;gad;gly; :Nfhg czu;r;rp : “mbnrUg;ghNy ehNa tha
njhwf;fpwpah eP”,kfpo;rr
; p : “Iah uhrh”vd;W ghrj;NjhL NgRtJ. Nrhfk;: “,e;jg;gafNshl
fj;jpf; fj;jp vd; njhz;ilj; jz;zpjhd; tj;jpg; Nghr;rp Nrr;Nr”
 gpwnkhopr; nrhw;fspd; gad;ghL :jkpopy; rpWfij vOjg;gl;bUe;jhYk;> rpy gpwnkhopr; nrhw;fSk;
rpWfijapy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. mtw;wpy; N[hl;> rKf;fhsk;> [&u;> Nrhyp vd;gtw;iwf;
$wyhk;. fijapy; tUk; rpy cjhuzk; : “N[hl;lhNy mbr;R ntspNa gj;Jk; ,tid”>“vq;flh
$z;Nlhl ifyhrk; nghapl;Bq;fsh?”“cs;Ns rKf;fhsj;ij tpupr;Rg; gLj;Jj; J}q;Fq;flh.”
vd;gtw;iw Fwpg;gplyhk;.

 kzpg; gpuths nkhopeil:,r;rpWfij KOtJkhfNt kzpg;gpughs nkhop eilNa

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,J tlnkhopAk;> jkpo; nkhopAk; Nru;e;J fye;j nkhopeil MFk;. ,J vkJ
jkpo; ehl;bw;F xU guPl;rakhd nkhopeilahfNt fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

 rpwpa rpwpa thf;fpak;: rpwpa rpwpa thf;fpaq;fs; gad;gLj;jg;gl;lhy;jhd; gbg;gtu;fs; ,yFthfg;

Gupe;J nfhs;thu;fs; vd;gjw;fhfj;jhd; fij Mrpupau; ,t;thW nra;Js;shu;. ,jdhy; vy;NyhUk;
,yFthfg; Gupe;J fij vy;NyhUf;Fk; nrd;wilAk;.

khjpup tpdhf;fs; :rpWfij njhlu;ghd fye;JiuahlYf;Fupa jiyg;Gf;fs;

1. jpahfk; rpWfijapd; fijf;fU: Kjyhsp> njhopyhsp rhu;e;j rpe;jidfs;

2. F.mofpuprhkpapd;; ‘jpahfk;’ rpWfijapy; rpg;ge;jpfshd: KUifah>ntq;flhryk; Mfpa ghj;jpu
cUthf;fKk;> mg;ghj;jpuj;jpd; gz;GfSk;> fijtsu;r;rpapy; mjd;gq;Fk; Kf;fpaj;JtKk; mJ
gw;wpa cq;fs; kdg;gjpTk;.
3. F.mofpuprhkpapd;; ‘jpahfk;’ rpWfijapidg; gbf;Fk; NghJ filr;rpg;ge;jpfs; vd;w
tifapy;>kspiff;fil Kjyhspahd fjpNurd; nrl;bahuplj;J ngU ntWg;Gk; ey;y thrfu; vDk;
tifapy; NgugpkhdKk; Vw;gLtjw;fhd fhuzq;fs; ahit?
4. தலாள ய தியாக கைட ைபய கள வளமான எதி கால

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