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1
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jrbb edp
edpjer
jerbf
bf (b
(bxn
xniuf
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elk
NXEVENJ
NXEVENJI
I FJD
FJDJKB
JKB hijst
hijst fjd
fjdjkb
jkb).).
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fjdj
djkb kb hr
hrel
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ks j tj
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t―ss @S hb
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igw
w Jttjno
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jkjels
elstt elf
elfeve
evefuj
fujis
is hy
zbrrg, t`
zb t`be
berr ^V
^VXX es fb
fbnr
nrbj
bjsb
sbff hy t`
t`bb fbtj
fbtjn`
n`db
dblt
ltss jr
jrbb bl
bl`j
`jln
lnbf
bf jl
jlff fb
fbji
ji
jdgu
jd gultlt rbdj
bdjelelel
elk.
k. V`b
V`byy du
dustst t`
t`bl
bl hijst
hijst fjd
fjdjkb
jkb..
djo
dj ob j ^V
^VXX sj
sjvvb tg jvgvgeef tj
tjoe
oelk
lk
nretenji
nreten ji fjdj
fjdjkb kb.. DGXJIB
Dgrji
Dgrjibb es j db
dbn`
n`jl
jlen
enji
ji tr
trek
ekkb
kbrr us
usbf
bf tg
^uaabrelk
^uaabre lk nre
nreten
tenji
ji fjd
fjdjkb
jkb fes
fesjhi
jhibsbs t`b sedui
seduijt
jtbb j LS
LSNs
Ns'' fb
fbse
serb
rb tg su
surve
rvevbvb..
vented. Jii t`by njl fg es nrjwi jlf
krjs
krjspp ag
agrr ie
ieab
ab.. Je
Jef
f jl
jlf
f rbs
bstt rbq
bque
uerrbf tg Blbd
Blbdeebs du
dusst pj
pjss
ss j NV
NVXI
XI sj
sjvvb tg
pbrrsbv
pb bvbr
brbb gr t`
t`bby we
weii
ii fe
febb el t`
t`bb `g
`gur
ur.. jv
jvge
gef
njsu
nj fjity
suji bbe
b
tybelk
lk
jlf
jl w`bl
w`
f jk
jkje bl
jel t`by
t`
l w` by
w`blbltj
tjob
ob
byt`
t`by
t` t`be
ber
r r
igsb
igsb rst
st
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NXEVEN
ENJI
JI ^V
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XB^^
^^ 4 AJII
JIIGR
GRV
V t`be
t`berr lu
ludh
dhbrbr.. ^g
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db krkrgu
gups
ps dj
djyy us
usbb
^trbss t`
t`jt
jt rbf
bfununbs
bs j tj
tjrrkb
kbt'
t'ss @S hb
hbig
igww t`be
t`berr ib
ibjf
jfbr
br's
's NV
NVXI
XI el pi
pijn
jnbb ga t`
t`be
berr
zbrrg fb
zb fbnr
nrbj
bjsb
sbss j tj
tjrrkb
kbt'
t'ss NV
NVXI
XI hy t`t`bb gwl.
gw l. Ig
Iglb
lb ag
agbs
bs du
dustst sj
sjvb
vb w`
w`blbl t`
t`byby'r
'rbb
jdgul
jd gultt rb
rbdj
djel elel
elk.
k. V`
V`by
by du
dust st t`b
t`bl
l rbf
bfun
unbf
bf tg 3 @S
@S..
djo
dj ob j NV
NVXI
XI sjvb tg jvge f Nretenji
gef
^trbss. ^gdb LS
^gdb LSNsNs tr
trjl
jlsn
snbl
blff db
dbjsjsur
urbs
bs ga
dgrji
dgr jib.
b. V`
V`be
berr pr
prgx
gxed
edetetyy tg t`
t`bb wb
wber
erf
f
Ea j n`
n`jr
jrjn
jntb
tbrr aj
ajei
eiss t`
t`be
berr NV
NVXI
XI sjsjvb
vb t`
t`by
by dbjl
db jlss t`
t`be
berr hb
hb`j
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vegrr fe
fevb
vbrk
rkbs
bs ar
argd
gd
tjob
tj ob nr
nrete
etenj
njii st
strrbs
bsss jl
jlff kj
kjel
el aj
ajii
iigu
gutt gt`brr LSN
gt`b LSNs.s.
argd t`b ^tr
argd ^trbss
bss AjAjiigut
iigut tj
tjhi
hibb (pk
(pk.. 88
88).
).
Dgrrji
Dg jibb fg
fgbs
bs lg
lgtt ja
jaab
abnt
nt SN
SNs.
s.

JHEIEVU ^NGXB IG^^

Ea j SN's ^VX es rbfunbf tg 3, t` t`bby feb. Ea
t`be
t` berr FBP es rbf bfun
unbfbf tg 3, t`
t`bby jr
jrbb
pjrrji
pj jiyzyzbf
bf.. Ea t`
t`be
berr NV
NVXI
XI es rbf
bfun
unbf
bf tg 3,
t`by
t` by jr
jrbb ig
igst
st..
FBJV@
[`bl j n`
[`bl n`jr
jrjn
jntb
tbrr fe
febs
bs,, t`
t`bb pi
pijy
jybr
br nj
njll
nrbj
nrbjtb
tb j lb
lbww n`
n`jr
jrjn
jntb
tbrr gr tj
tjob
ob ng
nglt
ltrrgi
ga jl js
jssg
sgne
nejt
jtb.
b. V`
V`byby ed
eddb dbfefejt
jtbi
biyy mge
mgel
l
t`bb pj
t` pjrt
rtyy el gr
grfb
fbrr tg rbf
bfun unbb fg
fgwl
wlte tedb
db..

:;
 DJKEN
N`j
`jrrjnt
ntbr
brss dj
djyy hb jh jhiib tg us
usbb dj
djkekenn ea
ea==
Xgiibf
Xgii bf fur
furelkelk n`j
n`jrj
rjntb
ntbrr nr
nrbjt
bjtegl
egl..
Kjel
Kjelbfbf t`r
t`rguk
guk` ` ^tr
^trbss
bss Aj
Ajiig
iigut.
ut.
Jrb wj
wjrp
rpbfbf t`
t`rgrguk
uk`` pi
pijy
jy..
Xjlf
Xj lfgd
gd spspbibiis
is jr
jrbb kb
kblb
lbrj
rjtb
tbf
f us
usel
elkk t`b
tjhi
tjhibb jl
jlff pr
prgn
gnbsbsss hbi
hbigw
gw..
Bj
Bjn`
n`i el
spbi
spbii dgrl
dg rlel
jl elkk t`
elvb
el t`b
vblt bgry
ltgrSN nrbj
nr
y si bjtb
sigt. tbss j se
gt. selk
lkib
ib
V`bb sp
V` spbi
biii dj
djyy hb rgi
giib
ibf
f rjl
jlfg
fgdidiyy gr
js j ngpy ga j spbii igst gl t`b
prbvegus
prbve gus fjy
fjy..

^SB
SBII
II AGX
GXDR
DRIJ
IJ _ XGI
GII
I 8F1
F1TT
:-> 6-1
S`ysenji Baabnt + Bt`brbji Bibdblt+
: S`ysenji Agrd S`ysenji Agrd
S`ysenji Baabnt + Bt`brbji Bibdblt+
8 Bt`brbji Agrd Bt`brbji Agrd
Bt`brbji Baabnt + S`ysenji Baabnt +
> S`ysenji Agrd S`ysenji Bibdblt
Bt`brbji Baabnt + S`ysenji Baabnt +
6 Bt`brbji Agrd Bt`brbji Bibdblt
S`ysenji Bibdblt+ Bt`brbji Baabnt +
2 S`ysenji Agrd S`ysenji Bibdblt
S`ysenji Bibdblt+ Bt`brbji Baabnt +
1 Bt`brbji Agrd Bt`brbji Bibdblt

^pbiiss us
^pbii usbb j se
selk
lkib ib jn
jnte
tegl
gl..
Jatbr
Jat brwj
wjrfrf t`
t`by
by ibibjv
jvbb t`b el
elvb
vblt
ltgry
gry..
Ea fbprevbf gr el fjlkbr fjlkbr,t`bSN
,t`bSN
dust
du st dj
djo ob j NV
NVX XI sj
sjvvb tg jvgegeff
jly eiieii-baa
-baabnt
bnts.
s. Ngl
Nglsbqsbqubl
ublnbs
nbs ga
ajei
aj eiur
urbb s`
s`gu
guif
if ng
ngrr rrbi
bijt
jtbb el ib
ibvb
vbii tg
t`b eleltb
tblf
lfbf
bf ba
baab
abnt.
nt. Aje
jeiu
iurrb dj
djyy GDBL^/NJVJ^VXGS@B^
rbsu
rb suitit el ^t
^trb
rbss
ss,, Ajt
jtek
ekub
ub,, el
elmu
mury
ry,, fb
fbjt
jt` `
Jledjis feb Djss siudhbr
gr bii
^p
^pbiGdbls/Djken
Gdbls
i ba
baab
abnt/Djkenji
ntss jr
jrbb fbjinefb
fbne Njtjstrg
Njtj
fbf f strgp`b.
hy t`p`b.
t`bb
Ajne
Aj neie
ietj
tjtg
tgrr we
wet`
t` el
elput
put arargd
gd t`b Nety jppbjrs Dbtbgr streob
pijy
pi jybr
br.. V`
V`byby s`
s`guguifif wg
wgro ro tg
tgkbkbt`t`br
br tg Fbjfiy agk Derrgrs spbjo
ngdb
ng db up we wet`t` t`
t`bb kblblbrbrji
ji ba
baab
abnt
nt jlf
sngp
sn gpbb ga t`t`bb sp
spbi
bii.
i. V`
V`bb Ajnjnei
eiet
etjt
jtgrgr Frbjd pijkub Lg stjrs
djob
dj obss t`
t`bb l
lji
ji ru
ruieielk
lk el pipijy
jy..
(Hjsbi
(Hjsbielb
elb== gaab
gaablse
lsevb
vb spb
spbiis
iis type
typenji
njiiyiy Blfibss lek`t Gutsefbr bltbrs
njus
njusbb F0 fj fjdj
djkb kb ea et
et―s
―s se
selk
lkib
ib tj
tjrrkb
kbtt gr
F1 ea et
et's
's hi
hijs
jstt fj
fjdjdjkb kb).
). Blfibss stgrd Sbgpib vjles`
SNss nj
SN njll jt
jttb
tbdp
dptt tg rbtbtjejel
l t`
t`bb sp
spbi biii
hy su
sunnnnbs
bssa
saui
uiiy
iy dj
djoe oelk
lk j NVNVXIXI sj sjvb
vb.. Blfi
Blfibbss tweiek`
k`tt Sgr
grttji gp
gpbl
blss
Gl sun
sunnbs
nbss=s= ^pb
^pbiiii st
stjy
jyss pr
prbp
bpjr
jrbf
bf.. SN Blfibss weltbr Xeats gpbl
dj
djro
Glros
j saj
ajte
aj
ajeiteku
eiurkub
urbb=bt`
elbjl
t`b pijjel
pi elvb
vblt
ybr
yb r ltgr
gry
bsylg
fgbs
fg sigt
si
lgtgt.
t . Agrbst jppbjrs Vgwbr jppbjrs
rbt
btje
jel
l t`b spspbi
bii,
i, dj
djro
ross fb
fbpr
prev
evbf
bf jl
jlf f
jffs
jf fs aj
ajte
teku
kubf
bf tg t`
t`be
berr el
elvb
vblt
ltgry
gry.. Krjvbs gpbl [jtbr tg higgf

:0
S`ysenji Ba
Baabnts Bt`brbji Ba
Baabnts
Jledjtelk Nrrus`elk
N Auselk Jvblkelk Ngdpbiielk Fespbiielk
Jttrjntelk Fedeles`elk Krjspelk Hjles`elk Nglnbjielk Bdhgifblelk
Bd
Helfelk Fevefelk @jstblelk Hbweifbrelk Fbjablelk
Fb Blngfelk
Higssgdelk Fupienjtelk @elfbrelk Hielfelk Fbnbevelk Blbrkezelk
Nglsudelk Blvbigpelk Eiiudeljtelk N`jrdelk Fbnep`brelk Bliek`tblelk
Nrbbpelk Bxpjlfelk Edpresglelk Ngddulenjtb Feskueselk Blrjkelk
Ibvetjtelk Xbbntelk ^bjielk Bxnrunejtelk Luiieayelk ^ggt`elk
Gpblelk Xbkblbrjtelk ^`jpbs`eat Agrbsbbelk Sjrjiyzelk ^uddglelk
Sbtreayelk Xblfelk ^`ebifelk Eltgxenjtelk Xbvbjielk
Xb Vbrreayelk
S`jselk Xbpbiielk ^pjwlelk Djffblelk Xbvgitelk [jrfelk
Sebrnelk Xbsurrbntelk Vrjlsdutelk Dbsdbrezelk ^nryelk [bjryelk
Sursuelk ^nrbjdelk Vrjlspgrtelk Delf Xbjfelk ^eiblnelk [et`brelk

S`ysenji Bibdblts Bt`brbji Bibdblts

Jnef Nrgw Kijss Js` Bntgpijsd Iek`t
Jdhbr Nrystji @glby N`jgs Aerb Iek`tlelk
Hjro Bdhbr Enb Festgrtegl Agk Dbdgry
Higgf Ajlk Elsbnt Frbjd K`gst Delf
Hglb Aibs` Ijvj Fust @jrdgly Dutjkbl
Nijy Aulkus Dgss Bn`g @bjrt Lbkjtegl

Ghsefejl ^jlf Vjr Sijkub ^dgob V`ulfbr

Gei ^jp V`grl Sijsdj ^lgw Vedb
Sgesgl ^brpblt Qelb Srghjheiety ^gui Qgef
Xjt ^elbw [jtbr Xjel ^tjr [jrp
Xgno ^iedb [ggf Xgt ^tjses [`espbr
^jit ^tglb [grd ^`jfgw ^tbjd [elf

S`ysenji Ag
Agrds Bt`brbji Agrds
Jitjr N`jregt Byb Jurj Huhhib Nglb
Jrdgr Nijw Agultjel Hbjngl Njii Nuhb
Jrrgw Nigjo Kjtb Hbjd Njsnjfb Fjlnb
Fj
Hbjst Ngigssus Kgibd Hijst Nernib Feso
Hijfb Nrgwl @jddbr High Niguf Aebif
N`jel Bibdbltji @ggo Hgit Ngei Agrd

@grl ^bltelbi Vbltjnib Kjzb Syrjdef ^wjrd

Oby ^brvjlt V`rglb Iggp Xjy Vgrrblt
Djso ^`ebif Vgrn` Dgdblt ^`jrf Vgun`
Dglgiet` ^pbjr Vrjp Lbxus ^p`brb Qgtbx
Set ^tbbf [jii Sgrtji ^prjy [jvb
Sresgl ^wjrd [bh Suisb ^tgrd [grf

:5
 ^NX
^NXGI
GII^
I^ & XB
XBIE
IEN^
N^
^NXGII^
^n
^nrg
rgii
iiss jr
jrbb se
sede
deij
ijrr tg Dj
Djke
ken,
n, `g
`gwb
wbvb
vbr=
r=

Fgbs lg
lgtt tj
tjob
ob up jl elelvb
vblt
ltgr
gryy si
sigt
gt..
Fgbs lg
lgtt nj
njus
usbb aj
ajte
teku
kub.
b.
Fesjp
Fesjppbj
pbjrs
rs ja
jatb
tbrr gl
glbb us
usb.
b.
Sijybr
Sij brss du
dust
st dj
djoob j NV
NVX
XI sj
sjvvb gr
rbnbe
rbnbevb
vb :f6 ^tr
^trbss
bss

XBIEN^
Xbiens
Xbie ns jr
jrbb pg
pgwb
wbraraui
ui jl
jlf f fj
fjlk
lkbr
brgu
guss
etbd
etbdss tgtgun
un`b
`bff hy t`
t`bb Gi
Giff Sgw
gwbrbrs.
s.
Xbi
bien
enss ga
gatb
tbl
l `j
`jvb
vb ie
iede
detbtbf
f us
usbb jl
jlf
fj
rbn`j
rb n`jrkrkbb ngl
nglfet
fetegl
egl.. ^gdb bxbxjdp
jdpibs
ibs==
Bxtrjntgr - 3 n` n`jrjrkbkbs.
s.
Jl gi
gif
f hr
hrjs
jsss ny
nyie
ielf
lfbr br t`
t`jt
jt rbs
bsbd
bdhihibs
bs j
dbfe
db febv
bvji
ji sy
syre
relk
lkb.b. Jhi
Jhibb tg tr
trjl
jlsa
sabr
br j
‐ngls
‐nglsneg
negusl
uslbss
bss―― elt
eltgg jlg
jlgt`bt`brr vbs
vbssbi
sbi..
Xbn`jrkb== Rsb t`
Xbn`jrkb t`bb Bxtxtrrjn
jntg
tgrr tg wr
wrbl
bln`n`
t`bb ng
t` ngls
lsne
negus
guslblbssss ar
argd
gd jl ’f ’fes
esjh
jhib
ibf—
f—
vbssbi. Rsbrs dust djob j NVXI sjvb
gr tj
tjob
ob :F
:F66 st
strrbs
bss.s.

[`etb Hijfb ga Dgglhglb= (h (hbs

bstt ga
8F1
8F 1 NV
NVXI
XI fj
fjdj
djkbkb)) - > N`
N`jrjrkb
kbs.
s. V`
V`eses
kigw
kigwel
elkk hi
hijjfb es dj
djfbfb ag
agrr gl
glbb tj
tjsso, tg
sbvbr. Xbn`jrkb
Xbn`jrkb== Rlfbr j auii dggl,
sulf
su lfbr
br j db
dbdgdgryry ar
argd
gd gl glb'
b'ss pj
pjst
st..

Jl Jljtgdenji Kuefb tg Dbdgry =

V`bb rbj
V` bjfb
fbrr nj
njll ng
nglvlvbr
brsb
sb we
wet`
t` t`
t`bb sg
sgui
uiss
hgul
hg ulff we
wet`
t`el
el et
etss pj
pjkb
kbs.
s. Vjo
jobb F1 ^t^trrbs
bsss
(NVX
(NVXI)I) tg rbj
bjff jl blbltr
tryy. V`
V`br
brbb jr
jrbb st
stei
eiii
bdpt
bd ptyy pj
pjkb
kbss el t`
t`bb hg
hggo
go..
^tglbb ga Hb
^tgl Hb``re
rett - : n`j
n`jrkrkb.
b.
Xbs
bsbdbdhihiel
elk
k j sd
sdji jiii bk
bkkk we
wet`t` j
fest
fe stgr
grtb
tbff aj
ajnb
nb.. Ea yg
ygu u wg
wguiuiff tj
tjob
ob
nret
nr eten
enji
ji fj
fjdjdjkbkb,, ek
eklglgrrb et el
elst
stbj
bjf.
f. V`e
V`ess
stgl
stglbb jn
jnte
tevj
vjtb
tbss jl
jlf f w`
w`esesos
os yg
ygu
u tg
sjabty. Xbn`jrkb
Xbn`jrkb== ^j ^jnrnre
enb
nb jl elellgn
lgnbl
bltt
sgui
sg ui tg t`
t`bb st
stgl
glb, b, jf
jff f fb
fbprprev
evbf
bf jl
jlff
ajte
ajteku
kubf
bf tg t`
t`bb n`n`jr
jrjn
jntb
tbrr s`
s`bb
bbt.
t. Gl t`
t`bb
t`er
t` erf
f rbn
bn`j
`jrkrkbb rg ii gl Gdbls/Djkenji
rgii
Njtjstrgp`bs (p
(pk.
k. :5
:5))

83
 ^VX
VXB^
B^^
^ & AJI
JII
IGR
GRV
V
^t
^trrbs
bsss es ef
efbl
blte
tenj
njii tg fj
fjdj
djkb
kb,, hu
hutt tj
tjrrkb
kbts
ts NV
NVXI
XI el
elst
stbj
bjf f ga ^V
^VX.
X. ^t
^trrbs
bsss dj
djyy ng
ngdb
db js
j rbs
bsui
uitt ga lj
ljrr
rrjt
jtev
evbb ng
ngls
lsbq
bqub
ublnlnbs
bs,, aj
ajei
eibf
bf sj
sjvb
vbs,
s, dj
djkekenn rbpb
bpbrrnu
nuss
sseg
eglsls,, gr bl
blbd
bdyy
jttj
jt tjno
nos.s. ^t
^trb
rbss
ss tj
tjrk
rkbt
btss @S hb
hbag
agrb
rb kg
kgelelk
k tg NV
NVXI
XI..

^VXB^^
^VXB^^ BP
BPJDSIB^
JDSIB^
: ^V
^VXB
XB^^
^^ KIEDS^B -B
-Bln
lngu
gult
ltbr
brel
elk
k t`b st
strj
rjlk
lkbb gr gf
gff.
f.

F6 ^V
^VXB
XB^^
^^ NGLVJNV - V`
V`bb wb
wber
erf
f jl
jlf
f ul
ulbx
bxpi
pije
jelj
ljhi
hib.
b.

BPSG^RXB -Fe
-Ferb
rbnti
ntiyy bln
blngul
gultbr
tbrelk
elk t`b ulo
ulolgw
lgwjhi
jhib.
b. Xb
Xbjie
jiety
ty
F1 ^V
^VXB
XB^^
^^
hblfs.
NJVJ^VXGS@B- Dj
NJVJ^VXGS@B- Djmg
mgrr Sgw
gwbr
brs,
s, Gdb
Gdbls
ls,, Nj
Njtj
tjst
strg
rgp`
p`bs
bs.. Xb
Xbji
jiet
etyy es
F0 ^V
^VXB
XB^^
^^
nigsb
nigsb tg hr
hrbjo
bjoelk
elk..

F:3
F:3 ^V
^VXB^^ FGGD -F
XB^^ -Fer
erbn
bntt ng
nglt
ltjn
jntt we
wet`
t` Gi
Gif
f Sg
Sgwb
wbrs
rs.. Xb
Xbji
jiet
etyy ru
ruptu
pture
relk
lk..

^VXB^
^VXB^^
^ AJIIG
^gdb dgd
^gdb
JIIGRV
dgdbl
RV VJHI
JHIB^
blts
B^
ts n`
n`jl
jlkb
kb jl el
elvb
vbst
stek
ekjt
jtgrgr
agrrbv
ag bvbr
br.. Si
Sijy
jybr
brss rg
rgii
ii gr n`
n`gg
ggsb
sb ar
argd
gd t`t`bb
t`bb ^tr
t` ^trbs
bsss Aji
jiig
igut
ut tj
tjhi
hibb w`
w`bl
bl be
bet`
t`br
br==

V`b n`j
n`jrj
rjntb
ntbrr tjo
tjobs
bs nre
nreten
tenji
ji str
strbss
bss..

Rlibss
Rlib ss dj
djro
robf
bf,, t`
t`bb Aji
jiig
igut
ut nj
njll gl
gliy
iy hb
n`gs
n` gsbl
bl gl
glnb
nb pb
pbrr tj
tjhi
hib.
b. Bj
Bjn`
n` Aji
jiig
igut
ut
tjo
tjobs up jl el
elvb
vbltltgr
gryy sig
igt.
t. Et nj
njll
llgt
gt hb
rbdgvbf.

Lgtb tg Ajne
Lgtb jneiet
ietjt
jtgrs
grs== V`b tglb ga t`b
strrbs
st bsss aj
ajii
iigu
gutt tj
tjhi
hibb rb
rbb
bnt
ntss t`
t`bb t`
t`bd
bdbs bs
jlf kgkgjijiss ga t`
t`bb kj
kjdb
db.. Jf
Jfmumust
st agr w`
w`jt jt
wgro
wg ross ag
agrr yg
ygur
ur tj
tjhihib,
b, jf
jffe
felk
lk gr
n`jl
n` jlke
kelk
lk blbltr
treb
ebss js lb
lbbfbfbf
bf tg rjrjtn
tn`b
`btt
up (gr fe fejji hj
hjno
no)) t`
t`bb wb
wbeerf. V`V`eses es t`
t`bb
djel
dj el db
dbn`n`jl
jlen
enji
ji fe
feji
ji ag
agrr t`
t`bb ng
ngsd
sden en
`grr
`g rrgr
gr ga ygygur
ur kj
kjdb
db..

8:
 AJII
JIIGRV
GRV VJHI
JHIB
B _:-
_:-:3T
:3T
: @jvb yg
@jvb yguu hbb
hbbll rb
rbpij nbf77 U
pijnbf Ugu―vb
gu―vb sbbl w`jt t`by njl fg … t`ber djkens jlf
t`be
t`berr fb
fbnb
nbpt
pteg
egls
ls.. [`
[`jt
jt wg
wgui
uif
f st
stgp
gp t`
t`bd
bd ar
argd
gd tj
tjoe
oelk
lk yg
ygu7
u7 Dj
Djyh
yhbb yg
ygu
u jr
jrbl
bl―t
―t
w`g
w` g ygu t`t`el
elo
o ygu jr
jrb7
b7 @g
@gww wgu
guif
if ygu bvbl ol
olg
gw7
Furelk
Furelk ygu
gurr lb
lbxt
xt dg
dgdb
dblt
lt ga qu
queb
ebtt rb
bbn
bnte
tegl
gl,, rgi
giii F1
F1.. Ea t`
t`bb tgt
gtji
ji es `e
`ek`
k`br
br t`
t`jl
jl
ygur djx @S, tjob t`b lbw rbsuit.
8 Dbdgre
Dbdg rebs
bs ga jl RlRlololgw
gwl l Vr
Vrjv
jvbi br== V`
bibr V`bs
bsbb db
dbdg
dgre rebs
bs jr
jrbb lg
lgtt yg
ygur
ur gw
gwl.
l. V`
V`by
by
jrbb ga j fe
jr feaa
aabr
brbl
bltt te
tedb
db,, j fe
feaa
aabr
brbl
bltt pi
pijn
jnb,
b, ar
argd
gd j pbpbrs
rspb
pbntntev
evbb sg ul
ulieieob
ob yg
ygur
ur gw
gwl.
l.
V`bb rb
V` rbji
jiet
eteb
ebss t`
t`by
by wj
wjio
io t`
t`rg
rguk`
uk` jr
jrbb sg ji
jieb
ebll jl
jlff fe
feaa
aabr
brbl
blt,
t, t`
t`be
berr ab
abbi
biel
elks
ks sg
agrb
agrbek
ekl.
l. Ea gl
gliyiy yg
yguu ng
ngui
uiff ul
ulfbfbrs
rstj
tjlf
lf w`
w`jtjt t`
t`by
by bx
bxpb
pbrerebl
blnb
nbf.
f.
Furelk
Furelk ygu
gurr lb
lbxxt rbs
bst,
t, rgi
giii F1
F1.. Ea t`
t`bb tgt
gtji
ji es `e
`ek`
k`br
br t`j
`jl
l ygu
gurr djx @S
@S,, tjo
jobb t`b
lbw rb
rbsui
suit.
t.
> Sjrjlgej= Es et pj
pjrj
rjlg
lgej
ej ea t`
t`bb wg
wgrr
rreb
ebss jr
jrbb ng
ngdp
dpibibtb
tbiy
iy rb
rbjs
jsgl
gljh
jhib
ib77 Ugu
gu―v
―vbb sb
sbbl
bl
w`jt
w` jt `j
`jp
ppb
pbls
ls el t`b fj
fjrro, ygu ol
olgw
gw w`
w`jt jt kgb
gbss hud
udp p el t`
t`bb le
lek`
k`t.t.
Jattbr j wbb
Ja bbo,
o, rgii F1. Ea t`
t`bb tgtj
tjii es `ek
ek`b
`brr t`
t`jl
jl ygur dj
djxx @S
@S,, tjo
jobb t`
t`bb lb
lbw
w rbsui
uitt.

6 Sijkubf
Sijkub f hy Lek
Lek`td
`tdjr bs= Et ng
jrbs= ngdb
dbss ag
agrr ygu bv
bvbr
bryy le
lek`
k`t,t, we
wet`
t`gu
gutt aj
ajei
ei.. Ugu fg lg lgtt
olg
ol gw ea t`b
`byy jr
jrbb ar
argd
gd t`b hbkbkel
ell
lel
elk
k, gr t`
t`bb blf
lf.. Ji
Jiii ygu ol
olggw es t`j
`jtt t`t`bby wgl―t
stgp
stgp,, jl
jlff t`
t`jt
jt t`
t`by
by du
dustst db
dbjljl sg
sgdb
dbt`t`el
elk.
k. Ja
Jattbr j wb
wbbobo ga le
lek`
k`td
tdjrjrbsbs,, tb
tbii
ii ygu
gurr
Ajne
Aj neie
ietj
tjtg
tgrr tw
twg
g fe
fest
stel
elnt
nt ed
edjk
jkbs
bs t`
t`jt
jt ie
ielk
lkbr
br jt t`
t`bb bf
bfkbkb ga yg
ygur
ur rb
rbdb
dbdhdhbr brelelk.
k.

2 Derrgr [grif= Bvbry

Derrgr rytt`e
`elk
lk sb
sbbd
bdbf
bf goj
ojyy jt r
rsst, hu
hutt lg
lgww ygu jrjrbb su
surrb ga et - t`
t`bb
wgri
wgrif
f el
else
sefb
fb t`
t`bb de
derr
rrgr
gr es fe
feaa
aabr
brbl
blt.
t. V`
V`bb se
sefb
fb ki
kijl
jlnbnbs,
s, t`
t`bb s`
s`ea
eate
telk
lk ga pipijn
jnbs
bs,, et es
ulfblejhib.
[`b`bl
l ygu r
rsst st
stjr
jrtt tg lg
lgte
tennb, rgi
giii 8F
8F1
1. Ea t`
t`bb tgt
gtji
ji es `e
`ek`
k`bbr t`
t`jl
jl ygur djx @S
@S,,
tjob
tjob t`
t`bb lb
lbw
w rb
rbsu
suit
it..

1 Gff= UUgu
gu jfgpt jl gff hb`jvegr t`jt djobs gt`brs ulngdagrtjhib
ulngdagrtjhib.. Ea ygu rbsest
elfu
elfuik
ikel
elk
k el yg
ygur
ur ’G
’Gff
ffet
ety—
y— ag
agrr 86 `g
`gur
urss, tj
tjob
ob t`
t`bb Fb
Fbpr
prev
evbf
bf tj
tjk
k. Ea gt
gt`b
`brs
rs sb
sbbb yg
ygu
u
blkj
bl kjkb
kb el t`
t`es
es nr
nrbb
bbpy
py hb
hb`j
`jve
vegr
gr,, t`
t`by
by du
dustst dj
djobob j NV
NVXI
XI sj
sjvb
vb gr tj
tjob
ob :f
:f6
6 ^t
^trrbs
bss.
s.
Jatbrr t`
Jatb t`bb r
rst
st el
elst
stjl
jlnb nb,, rgi
giii >F
>F1.
1. Ea t`
t`bb tg
tgtj
tjii es `e
`ek`
k`br
br t`
t`jl
jl yg
ygur
ur nu
nurr
rrbl
bltt NV
NVXI
XI,,
tjob
tjob t`
t`bb lb
lbw
w rb
rbsu
suit
it..
; @ulkbr= U Ugu
gu fbvbigp jl ulljturji `ulkbr agr t`b ulusuji. Ea ygu fg lgt sjtejtb
ygur
ke
kev jppbtetb
vb :f
:f6 trbbssagr
6 str tg 86
jlyy`gurs,
jl jt ntjob
t`jt
t` jl sbt`b
sbbb. Fbprevbf tjk. [`bl ygu bjt, rbstgr
rbstgrbb @S jlf
Jatbrr t`
Jatb t`bb r
rst
st el
elst
stjl
jlnb
nb,, rgi
giii >F
>F1.
1. Ea t`
t`bb tg
tgtj
tjii es `e
`ek`
k`br
br t`
t`jl
jl yg
ygur
ur nu
nurr
rrbl
bltt ^V
^VX,
X, tj
tjob
ob
t`bb lb
t` lbww rbs
bsui
uit.
t.
0 ^njrrbf= Bvb vbry
ry wgwgul
ulf
f ygygu
u elele
ent
nt ib
ibjv
jvbs
bs et
etss rjk
jkkb
kbf
f dj
djro
ro up
upgl
gl yg
ygur
ur hg
hgfy
fy..
Jatbrr t`
Jatb t`bb r
rst
st el
elst
stjl
jlnbnb,, dj
djob
ob j NV
NVXIXI sjsjvb
vb.. Ea yg
ygu
u pj
pjss ss,, el
elnr
nrbj
bjsb
sb yg
ygur
ur dj
djxx ^V
^VXX hy
F6.
5 Iedelji
Iedel ji Ngdd
Ngdduleglulegl== Et wj
wjsl
sl―t
―t lg
lgtetenb
nbjh
jhibib jt r
rst
st,, hu
hutt ygu
gu―v
―vbb si
sigw
gwiyiy hb
hbku
kul l tg
rbk
bkui
uijr
jriy
iy fg j sb
sbqu
qubl
blnbnb ga kb
kbst
stur
urbsbs,, wg
wgrrfs
fs,, gr jn
jnte
tegl
glss -j-jid
idgs
gstt js ea ygu jr
jrbb
pbragr
pbr agrdel
delk k j ret
retuji
uji..
[`bl
[`bl sg
sgdb
dbgl
glbb lg
lgte
tenb
nbs,
s, dj
djob
ob j NV
NVXI
XI sj
sjvb
vb.. ^u
^unn
nnbs
bss=
s= el
elnr
nrbj
bjsb
sb dj
djxx NV
NVXI
XI hy F6
F6..

:3 Djkenj
Djkenji
J pj rt gai Ngrr
pjrt Ngrrupte
ygur uptegl
ygur fygl
hgfy
hg (t`es
hbng
hbngdb
dbsnjl
s vehb
vese tjobl
sehi
hiyy n` duitepib
n`jl
jlkb
kbff t`tedbs
t`rrguk`pbr
guk` n`jrjntbr)
n`jrjn
ygur
yg ur pr
prgxede
xe = Ai
gtbr)=
detyAibs
tybs`
tg`t`
esbwbj
t`b bjo.o.
wber
wb erf.
f. V`
V`bb Aj
Ajne
neiet
ietjt
jtgr
gr jl
jlff Si
Sijy
jybr
br s`
s`gu
guif
if fb
fbne
nefb
fb gl `g
`gww t`
t`jt
jt n`
n`jl
jlkb
kb dj
djleleab
abst
stss
jlf
jlf ea et `j
`jss jl
jlyy db
dbn`n`jl
jlen
enji
ji ed
edpj
pjntnts.
s.

88
 AJII
JIIGRV
GRV VJHI
JHIB
B _::
_::-8
-83T
3T
:: V`rbs`gif= V` V`br
brbb es j pj
pjib
ib fg
fggr
gr we
wet`
t` j hi
hijn
jnoo `j
`jlf
lfib
ib.. Et es ul
ulrrbd
bdjr
jroj
ojhi
hibb gt
gt`b
`brr
t`jl
t`jl t`
t`bb aj
ajnt
nt t`
t`jt
jt t`
t`es
es fg
fggr
gr nj
njl l sb
sbbd
bdel
elki
kiyy jp
jppb
pbjr
jr jl
jlyw`
yw`br brb.
b. ^g
^gdb
dbte
tedb
dbss t`t`bb
fggr
fg gr es el pi
pijn
jnbs
bs et s`
s`gu
guifif lg
lgtt hb
hb.. ^g
^gdb
dbtetedb
dbss et st
stjl
jlfs
fs jijigl
glb,
b, jt
jttj
tjn`
n`bf
bf tg lglgt`
t`el
elk
k
jt jii. V`b glb t`elk ygu jrb surb ga es t`jt et es t`b sjdb fggr bjn` ted edb-
b- glb ygu
`jvvb lgt ybt hbb
`j bbl
l jh
jhibib tg gp
gpbl
bl..
:8 Lburji ^upb
Lburji ^upbrpgse tegl=.. U
rpgsetegl= Ugu
gu sbb edjkbs ga ulolgwl pijnbs supbrpgsbf gltg
t`es
t`es gl
glb,
b, sg
sgdb
dbte
tedb
dbss dj
djoe
oelk
lk et fe
fea
anu
nuit
it tg tb
tbii
ii w`
w`jt
jt es rbj
bji.
i. El jl
jlgt
gt`b
`brr te
tedb
db yg
ygu
u
djyy `j
dj `jvb
vb hb
hbbl
bl nj
njii
iibf
bf jl gr
grjn
jnib
ib..
[`bl yg
[`bl ygu
u rgi
giii FB
FBPP sj
sjvb
vbs,
s, rgi
giii 8F
8F83
83 jl
jlff tj
tjob
ob t`
t`bb ig
igwb
wbstst rbs
bsui
uit.
t. Gl
Glnb
nb pb
pbrr fj
fjyy yg
ygu
u
sbbb sg
sb sgdb
dbt`
t`el
elk
k sesekl
kle
enj
njlt
lt (j
(jso
so ygygur
ur Aj
Ajne
neie
ietj
tjtg
tgrr w`
w`jt
jt et es
es).
).

:> ^bvbl
^bv blt`
t` ^g
^gl l ga j ^b
^bv vbl
blt`t` ^g
^gl=l= Bl
Blgu
guk`k` bx
bxpgpgsu
surbrb `j
`jss s`
s`ea
eatb
tbf
f jl
jlff n`
n`jl
jlkb
kbf
f yg
ygu.
u.
Ugu
Ugu jrb dgrb ngllbntbf tg t`b gt`brwgrifiy gt`brwgrifiy.. Jff Djken (p (pk.
k. :0
:0-:
-:5)
5) tg yg
ygur
ur
n`jr
n` jrjn
jntb
tbrr s`
s`bb
bbtt jl
jlf f ag
agiig
iigww t`
t`bb ru
ruib
ibs.
s. V`
V`eses lb
lbww pg
pgwbwbrr es kr
krbj
bjt,
t, jl
jlf
f tb
tbrr
rreh
ehib
ib..
- V`
V`bb r
rsst te
tedb
db ygu us usbb j sp
spbi
biii et nj
njus
usbs
bs :f
:f1 1 str
trbs
bsss.
- Ugu
gurr sb
sbngnglf
lf sp
spbibiii nj
njus
usbsbs F6 ststrrbs
bsss
- Ae
Aelj
ljii
iiyy t`
t`bb t`
t`er
erf
f sp
spbibiii yg
ygu
u nj
njst
st nj
njus
usbsbs : st
strrbs
bss.
s...
:6 Djrobf
Djrob f hy ab jr== V`
abjr V`bb ng
ngrrb ga yg
ygur
ur hb
hbel
elk
k `j
`jss hb
hbbl
bl twtwes
esttbf jl
jlff n`
n`jljlkb
kbf.
f. [`
[`blbl
ygu jnt el j wjy t`jt djleabsts ygur djrobf abjr jlf `jvb tg djob j sjvb, rgii
8F83
8F 83 jljlff tj
tjob
ob t`
t`bb ig
igwb
wbst st rbs
bsui
uit.
t. [`
[`bl
bl yg
ygu u rbs
bses
estt jl gp
gppgpgrt
rtul
ulet
etyy tg el
elfu
fuik
ikbb t`
t`bb
abjr
abjr,, tj
tjob
ob F6 st
strb
rbss
ss..
Nrbj
Nr bjtb
tb j au
aulf
lfjdjdblbltj
tjii ab
abjr
jr we
wet`
t` yg
ygur
ur Ajn
jnei
eiet
etjt
jtgr
gr..
:2 @bjvy
@bj vy es t`
t`bb `b jf== Jl bt
`bjf bt`b
`brrbj
bjii nr
nrgw
gwll `j
`jlk
lkss jh
jhgv
gvbb yg
ygur
ur `b
`bjf
jf.. Et es lg
lgtt ve
vese
sehi
hibb tg
jii,
jii, gli
liyy j sp
spbn
bnej
ejii abw. Vji
jibbs `j
`jvvb hbb
bbl
l tgi
gif
f ga ygu
gurr ngde
delk
lk.. Dj
Djo ob j NVNVXXI sjsjvvb. Ea
ygu pjss, elnrbjsb ygur djx NVXI hy F1.

:1 Auii tg Hur
Auii Hurste lk= U
stelk= Ugu
gu `jvb j abbielk ga auiilbss jlf ngltbltdblt.
Lbxt
Lb xt te
tedb
db ygyguu wg
wguiuif
f aj
ajei
ei j nr
nret
eten
enji
ji fj
fjdj
djkb
kb ^V
^VX
X sj
sjvvb=
- Ugu susunn
nnbb
bbf f el
elst
stbj
bjf.
f. Ed
Eddbdbfefejt
jtbi
biyy jl
jlf
f ve
vegi
gibl
blti
tiyy hb
hbke
kel
l tg vg
vgde
dett vb
vbrd
rdelel
(pijybr―s
(pijy br―s n`gen
n`genb).b).
- Jl
Jlyy hb
hbel
elk
k t`
t`jt
jt njl sb
sbbb t`
t`byby dusustt dj
djoob j NV
NVXI
XI sjvjvbb gr tjo
jobb F1 strtrbbss.
- Xgi
giii >F
>F1 1. Ea t`
t`bb tgt
gtji
ji es `e
`ek`
k`bbr t`
t`jl
jl ygur djx NV NVX XI, tjo
jobb t`b lb
lbw w rbsusuit
it..
:; Srgkbly= ^g ^gdb
dbt`
t`el
elkk es kr
krgw
gwel
elkk el
else
sefb
fb ga yg
ygu.
u. @g
@gpb
pb `j
`jss ig
iglk
lk se
seln
lnbb jh
jhjl
jlfg
fglb
lbff
et,, jl
et jlf
f et `j
`jss lg dg
dgrrb rgg
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rbsuit.

8
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8
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82
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; Bltgdhbf Aulkus ; Argzbl Elabstjtegl
0 Abstbrelk Kiggd 0 Kigwelk Iedhs
5 Krgwelk @bjrt 5 Elvgoelk Sjrjsetb
:3 Krgtbsqub @ulkbr :3 Iedelji ^`jfb
:: @jrrgwelk @ultbr :: Dggliek`t ^enolbss
:8 Elvesehib Oljno :8 Dgut`ibss ^ekei
:> Djiagrdbf Lbxus :> G nnuit
Gn ^p`brb
:6 Sgssbssbf Sjssjkb :6 Sgssbssbf ^peobs
:2 Suiselk ^`jfgws :2 Xbpbjtelk ^ijuk`tbr
:1 Xjhef ^tjses :1 Xeppielk Vedb
:; Xgttelk ^wjrd :; ^dgifbrelk Vrjlsagrdjtegl
:0 ^`eatelk V`rbs`gif :0 ^uhtbrrjlbjl [bjolbss
:5 Vwestbf [bbpelk :5 ^uaagnjtelk [`elb
83 [et`brelk [bh 83 [bjvelk [`espbrs

Bxjdpib Xbsu
Bxjdpib Xbsuits
its
Vwestbf
Vwest bf Lb
Lbxus
xus
Abstbr
Abstbrelk
elk ^wjr
^wjrd d
Aibs`
Aibs` ^ek
^ekei
ei
Bdhryglen
Bdhry glen Elabs
Elabstjtegl
tjtegl
Xbpbjtel
Xbpbj telk
k Ved
Vedbb
[bjvel
[ bjvelkk [`espb
[`espbrs rs
Arjntur
Ar jnturbf
bf @gst
Aibs`
Aib s` ^pe
^peobs
obs

Bltgdhbf
Bltgdhb f @ul
@ultbr
tbr
Krgwel
Krgwelk
k ^tj
^tjses
ses

81
 DU^VBX
DU^VBXU
U AX
AXJDB[
JDB[GXO
GXO
NXBJ
NXBJVE
VELK
LK UGR
GRX
X G[L DU
DU^V
^VBX
BXEB
EB^
^
V`es ar
V`es arjd
jdbwbwgr
gro
o nj
njl
l us
usbb tg nr
nrbj
bjtb
tb dy
dyststbr
breb
ebss ag
agrr Ie
Iede
delj
ljii @g
@grr
rrgr
gr.. V`b su
suhs
hsbq
bqub
ublt
lt
dyst
dy bryy (Si
stbr Sijk
jkub
ub ga Ar
Argk
gkss pk
pk.. 80
80-->>
>>)) jnt
ntss js jl bxjd jdpi
pibb ga t`
t`bb dys
ysttbr
bryy
ngdpglblts.

VGRN@^VGLB^ Nrbjttb j ies

Nrbj estt ga i
ids
ds,, kj
kjdb
dbss, ng
ngde
dens
ns,, gr lg
lgvb
vbis
is tg `b
`bip
ip
(pk.. 80
(pk 80)) jln`
jln`gr
gr t`
t`bb tg
tglb
lb jl
jlf
f jnjntt js ve
vesu
suji
ji rba
babr
brbl
blnb
nb ag
agrr t`
t`bb dy
dyst
stbr
bryy.

[reretb
tb j ni
nibj
bjrr jl
jlff su
sunn
nnel
elnt
nt ng
ngln
lnbpbptt st
stjt
jtbd
bdblblt.
t. Ea et es tg
tgg
g
NGLNBSV
ngl
glauaussel
elkk, t`
t`jt
jt dj
djyy db
dbjljl yg
yguu lb
lbbf
bf tg bfbfet
et sgd
gdbb ga t` t`bb
(pk.. 80
(pk 80))
gt`b
gt`brr vj
vjre
rejh
jhib
ibss el t`
t`bb dy
dyst
stbr
bryy.

AJNV
JNVEGL
EGL^ ^&
Iest
Iest gu
gutt t`
t`bb el
elet
etej
ejii aj
ajnt
nteg
egls
ls jl
jlf
f t`
t`be
berr kg
kgji
jis.
s. Rsb t`
t`bb jk
jkbl
blfj
fjss
V@BEX
V@BEX KG
KGJI^
JI^
(pk
(pk 85
85)) tg el
elag
agrd
rd LS
LSN
N rbj
bjnt
nteg
egls
ls el jlf gu
gutt ga pi
pijjy.

Nrbjtb
Nrbj tb j hj
hjsb
sbie
ielb
lb sb
sbququbl
blnb
nb ga bv
bvbl
blts
ts t`
t`jt
jt we
weiiii `j
`jpp
ppbl
bl ea t`
t`bb
elvb
elvbst
stek
ekjt
jtgr
grss fg
fgl―
l―tt el
eltb
tbrv
rvbl
blb.
b. Jnt
Jnteg
egls
ls tj
tjob
obl l hy t`b SNSNss
FGGD Nig
FGGD Nignono
n`jl
n` jlkb
kb t`
t`bb pr
prgk
gkrrbs
bsse
segl
gl ga t`
t`bb FG
FGGD GD ninign
gno.
o. N`
N`jljlkb
kbss tg t`
t`bb
(pk.
(pk. 85
85))
FGGD
FG GD ninign
gnoo s`
s`gu
guifif ng
ngls
lsef
efbr
br t`
t`bb kg
kgji
jiss ga t`
t`bb aj
ajnt
nteg
egls
ls jt
pijy.

@GGO^ Nrbjtb
Nrbj tb du
duititep
epib
ib bl
bltr
tryy pg
pgelelts
ts t`
t`jt
jt ng
ngui
uif
f hb us
usbf
bf tg bl
bltj
tjlk
lkib
ib
(pk.
(pk. >3
>3)) t`bb tj
t` tjhi
hibb el t`
t`bb dy
dyst
stbr
bryy.

SGVBLVEJI Nrbjtb
Nrbj tb j lg
lgl-n
l-ngd
gdprprb`
b`blblse
sevb
vb ie
iest
st ga pgt
pgtbl
blte
teji
ji ni
niub
ubss t`j
t`jtt
NIRB^ pijy
pijybr
brss nj
njll fe
fesn
sngv
gvbr
br.. [`
[`bl
bl t`
t`el
eloe
oelk
lk jh
jhgu
gutt t`b dy
dyst
stbr
bryy,
(pk.
(pk. >3
>3)) t`el
t` elo
o ga tj
tjlk
lkeh
ehib
ib ni
niub
ubss t`
t`jt
jt t`
t`bb el
elvb
vbst
stek
ekjt
jtgr
grss nj
njl l l
lf.
f.

Nrbjtb
Nrbj tb j ie
iest
st ga ed
edpg
pgrt
rtjl
jltt LS
LSNs
Ns wewet`
t` t`
t`beberr st
stjt
jt hi
hign
gnos
os.. Rsb
LSNs t`b Sjr
Sjrjljtu
jljturjirji Hbstej
Hbstejry
ry (p
(pkk. 86
86)) ag
agrr sg
sgdb
db bxj xjdp
dpibib
(pk.
(pk. >:
>:)) dgls
dg lstb
tbrs
rs gr nr
nrbj
bjtb
tb t`
t`bd
bd ususel
elkk t`
t`bb Nr
Nrbj
bjte
telk
lk Dgl
Dglst stbr
brss
Kuefjl
Kue fjlnb
nb (pk
(pk.. 82
82).
).

Fbnefb
Fbne fb gl j ab
abw
w ededpg
pgrt
rtjl
jltt ig
ignj
njte
tegl
glss jl
jlf
f wr
wret
etbb sg
sgdb
db
IGNJVEGL^
(pk.. >8-
(pk >8->>
>>)) fbsn
fbsnre
repte
ptegl
glss ag
agrr t`
t`bd
bd.. Fr
Frja
jatt sg
sgdb
db rguguk`k` dj
djps
ps ga ig
ignj
njte
tegl
glss
js j wj
wjyy tg jl
jln`
n`grgr el
elvb
vbst
stek
ekjt
jtgr
grss fu
fure
relk
lk pi
pijy
jy..

8;
 BPJDSIB
BPJDSIB DU
DU^VBX
^VBXU
U
SIJKRB GA AXGK^
FB^
FB^EK
EKL
L LG
LGVB
VB^
^ & NGX
GXB
B XRI
RIB^
B^
VGRN@^VGLB^= HS
HSXF
XF== Si
Sijk
jkub
ub ga Ar
Argk
gkss (n
(ngde
gden)
n) Xb
Xb-J
-Jle
ledj
djtg
tgrr (id)) Jiebls(id)
(id

NGLNBSV
V`brbb `j
V`br `jss hb
hbbl
bl j rjs
js`` ga jt
jttj
tjno
noss `j
`jpp
ppblblelelkk we
wet`
t`el
el t`
t`bb ne
nety
ty,, ib
ibjv
jvel
elkk ve
vent
nted
edss gl
t`b pr
prbne
bnepen
penbb ga tr
trjls
jlsagr
agrdjte
djtegl.
gl.
Fr. ^`
^`bi
biiiy `j
`jss hb
hbbl
bl us
useelk `b
`brr `b
`bji
jit`
t` ni
niel
eleen js j ar
argl
gltt tg bxpxpbrbred
edbl bltt gl t`
t`bb
`gus
`g usbibibs
bsss (u
(use
selk
lk sn
sneb
ebln
lnbb jl
jlff t`
t`bb gn
gnnu
nuit
it)) el gr
grfb
fbrr tg tr
tryy jl
jlf f rbs
bstgtgrrb jl jl
jlnenebl
bltt
prbnu
prbnurs rsgr
gr rjrjnb
nb ga ar
argk-
gk-dgls
dglstbr
tbrs.
s.
^`b `j`jss hb
hbblbl rbi
bibj
bjse
selk
lk `b
`brr aj
ajei
eiur
urbsbs el
eltg
tg t`
t`bb tu
tull
llbibiss w`
w`brbrbb t`
t`by
by ngnglt
ltel
elub
ub tg
dutj
du tjtb
tb jl
jlf f n`
n`jl
jlkb
kb.. V`
V`by
by hb
hbke
kel
l pr
prjn
jnte
tene
nelk
lk reretu
tuji
jiss ar
argd
gd j tetedb
db ig iglk
lk se
seln
lnbb
agrkgttbl.
Fr.. ^`
Fr ^`bi
biiy
iy――s wg
wgroro `j
`jss hb
hbbl
bl jn
jnnb
nbib
ibrrjt
jtbf
bf hy t` t`bb rbn
bnbl
bltt jn
jnqu
queseset
eteg
egll ga j rjr
jrbb tb
tbxt
xt
prgv
prgvefefbf
bf tg `b`brr ar
argd
gd j dydyststbr
breg
egus
us hbl
hblbajbajntntgr
gr (V
(V`b
`b Jr
Jrn`n`ev
eves
est)
t)
HIB
HIB GA NGL BL ^

AJN
JNVE
VEGL
GL^^ & V@
V@BE
BEX
X KG
KGJI^
JI^ 85

FGGD NIGNO 85

@GGO^ >3

SGVBLVEJI NIRB^ >3

AXGK DGL^VBX^ >3

LSN^ >:

IGNJVEGL^ >8

80
 AJN
JNVE
VEGL
GL^
^ & V@
V@BE
BEX
X KG
KGJI
JI^
^
Vg hr
Vg hrel
elk
k jh
jhgu
gutt t`
t`bb sb
sbng
nglf
lf ng
ngde
delk
lk ga t`
t`bb pr
pred
edgr
grfe
feji
ji
FX. ^@B
^@BII
IIU
U
`udj
`u djlg
lgef
ef ar
argk
gkss sp
spgo
gobl
bl ga we
wet`e
t`el
l Gk
Gkfg
fgjfjf―s
―s [bi
bii.
i.

V`by jr
V`by jrbb si
sigwi
gwiyy hb
hbng
ngde
delklk sg
sgdb
dbt`e
t`elk
lk lb
lbw w. [`e
[`espspbr
brss ar
argd
gd
AXGK-
t`bb Gi
t` Gif
f Sgw
gwbrbr―s
―s fr
frev
evbb t`
t`bd
bd tg pr
prgp
gpjk
jkjt
jtbb jl
jlf
f st
stjr
jrtt t`
t`bb Xe
Xetu
tuji
ji
DGL^VBX^
ga Eln
Elnurs
ursegl
egl..

Rsb
sbff H&
H&@ @ fb
fbie ievb
vbre
rebs
bs tg jl
jlgl
glyd
ydgus
gusiy
iy fg
fglj
ljtbtb Gk
Gkfgfgjf
jf―s―s [bi
biii
tg Fr
Fr.. ^`
^`bibiiy
iy.. El
Eltb
tbrrbs
bstb
tbf
f el sb
sbbe
belk
lk w`
w`jt
jt Fr
Fr.. ^`
^`bibiiy
iy ng
ngrrrrupt
upteg
egll
V@B JX
JXN@E
N@EQE^
QE^V
V
weii
we ii ye
yebi
bif.
f. @b weweiiii jf
jfff w`
w`jt jtbv
bvbr
br rbs
bsui
uits
ts tg `e
`ess ng
ngii
iibn
bnte
tegl
gl..
Srba
Srbabr
brss tg tj
tjob
ob elelfe
ferb
rbnt
nt jn
jnte
tegl
glss/u
/usb
sb gt`
gt`br
brss tg jn
jnqu
quer
erbb et
etbd
bds.
s.

N`ggsb jl grkjlezjtegl agr ygur kjdb t`jt jwjets ga

snrbbl.
snrbbl. by nguif
nguif hb=
J pr
prev
evjt
jtbb ng
ngdp
dpjl
jlyy.
V@B
JRV@GXEVEB^ J sbnrbt kkgvbrl
gvbrldblt jkblnyy.
dblt jkbln
Jl jl
jlneblt
neblt grf
grfbr.
br.
V`
V`es
esltjele
krgu
kr
djeltj
dje gupplk
njr
nj
elelk rbstrgi
dgr
dg
ngltr
ngl girt`j
b jh
jhgu
lgut
t`jl t jn
jnqu
sjvelk
sjv quer
elk erel
elk
k pg
ellgnb
ell pgwb
ltwbr
gnblt rbs.
jlf
jl
ievbs.
iev f

FGGD
FGGD NI
NIGN
GNO
O
Jntegl
Jnteglss tj
tjob
obll hy t`
t`bb el
elvb
vbst
stek
ekjt
jtgr
grss n`
n`jl
jlkb
kb t`
t`bb pr
prgk
gkrrbs
bsse
seglgl ga t`
t`bb FG
FGGD GD ninign
gno.
o.
V`b pr
prgk
gkrb
rbss
sseg
egll hb
hbig
igww es w`
w`jtjt wg
wguiuif
f `j
`jppb
ppbl l ea el
elvb
vbst
stek
ekjt
jtgr
grss fg
fgl―l―tt el
eltb
tbrv
rvbl
blb.
b.
N`jl
N` jlkb
kbss tg t`
t`bb FG
FGGDGD ninign
gnoo s`
s`gu
guifif ng
ngls
lsef
efbr
br t`
t`bb kg
kgji
jiss ga t`
t`bb aj
ajnt
nteg
egls
ls jt pi
pijy
jy..
J rj
rjs`
s` ga jt
jttj
tjno
noss hy rb
rbib
ibjs
jsbf
bf Ar
Argk
gk-D
-Dgls
glstb
tbrs
rs.. Qe
Qent
nted
edss kg nj
njtj
tjtg
tgle
lenn we
wet`
t`
P
hguts
hgu ts ga fb
fbie
iere
reud
ud..
J Ar
Argk
gk-D
-Dgl
glst
stbr
br js
jsnb
nblf
lfss tg pr
preb
ebst
st`g
`ggf
gf,, nr
nrbj
bjte
telk
lk j s`
s`re
relb
lb ga b
bs`
s` jl
jlf
f hg
hglb
lb
tg t`
t`bb Gi
Gif
f Sgw
gwbr
brs.
s.
^urve
^urvevg
vgrs
rs ga t`b jt
jttj
tjno
noss tur
turl
l el
eltg
tg ar
argk
gk-dg
-dgls
lstb
tbrs
rs gv
gvbr
br j se
selk
lkib
ib bv
bvbl
blel
elk.
k.

Edjk
Edjkbs
bs ga ar
argk
gk-d
-dgl
glst
stbr
brss pe
peno
nobf
bf up hy t`
t`bb db
dbfe
fej.
j.

J ng
nglklkrb
rbkj
kjte
tegl
gl ga ar
argk
gk-d
-dgl
glst
stbr
brss gv
gvbr
brtj
tjob
ob t`b ij
ijh,
h, tj
tjoe
oelk
lk Fr
Fr.. ^`
^`bi
biiy
iy jl
jlf
f
t`bb tgd
t` gdbb tg t`
t`bb b
bs`
s` n`j
`jpb
pbi.
i.

Argk
Argk-d
-dgl
glst
stbr
brss ng
ngdp
dpib
ibtb
tb t`
t`bb Xe
Xetu
tuji
ji ga El
Elnu
nurs
rseg
egl
l - Fr
Fr.. ^`
^`bi
biiy
iy es t`
t`bb vb
vbss
ssbi
bi..

V`bb Ju
V` Jut`
t`gre
grete
tebs
bs (s
(sbb
bb aj
ajnte
ntegls
gls)) ng
ngdb
db el tg ng
nglt
ltrrgi t`
t`bb se
setuj
tujte
tegl
gl t`
t`rg
rguk
uk`
`

ag
agr
rnb jl
jlf
vbfnjsuj
Djssevb
Djsse jnqu
jnquer
erbb js
njsujitebs
itebs.jssb
. sbts
ts.. V`
V`bb pj
pjrt
rtyy we
weii
ii hb tj
tjrrkb
kbtb
tbf
f ag
agrr et
etss el
elvg
vgiv
ivbd
bdbl
blt.
t.
 85

@GGO^
Hbigw
Hbig w jr
jrbb pg
pgtb
tblt
ltej
ejii `g
`ggo
goss ag
agrr yg
ygur
ur pj
pjrt
rtyy. Dj
Djob
ob susurrb t`
t`jt
jt t`
t`bb `g
`ggo
go dj
djob
obss sb
sbls
lsbb ag
agrr
t`bb kr
t` krgu
gupp (j
(jie
iekl
kl et tg t`
t`bb Sj
Sjrty
rty Zub
Zubste gls pk
stegls pk.. ::
::))
V`b pj
V`b pjrt
rtyy we
wetl
tlbs
bssbsbss jl
jlff es ag
agrn
rnbf
bf tg el
eltb
tbrrnb
nbfb
fb el j ar
argk
gk-d
-dglglst
stbr
br jt
jttj
tjno
noel
elk
k
sgdbgl
sgd bglb.
b. Fer
Ferbnt
bnt str
strbss
bss t`r
t`rguk
guk` ` ngl
ngltjn
tjntt wet
wet`` t`b pjr
pjrjlj
jljtur
turji.
ji.
V`bb Jr
V` Jrn`
n`eveves
estt (b
(bet
et`b
`brr fe
ferrbn
bnti
tiyy gr jl
jlgl
glyd
ydgugusisiy)
y) js
jsos
os t`
t`bb kr
krgu
gupp tg ig
iggo
go el
eltg
tg t`
t`bb
jttj
jttjno
noss gr gaa
gaabr
brss pj
pjyd
ydblbltt ag
agrr jl
jlyy bv
bvef
efbl
blnb
nb ga t`
t`bb pj
pjrj
rj-l
-ljt
jtur
urji
ji..

Sgste
gs telk
Xggts
Xggts lkss tbrljt
jhgu
jh
(jitbr
(ji gut
t evb
t`bbpjp
t`
ljtevb ’Jt
Jttj
pjpbrtjno
br no ga bt`
djfb
djf t`bb Dg
hy Dgibibsbibss
`gusbi
`gu Sbg
bgpi
pib—
bss b— be
bet`
t`br
pgpuijt
pgpu bregl).
ijteglglie
gl
).ielb
lb,, gl pg
pgii
iis,
s, el ^t
^trrbb
bbtt
Glbb ga t`
Gl t`bb el
elvb
vbst
stek
ekjt
jtgr―
gr―ss ng
ngll
llbn bnte
tegl
glss kb
kbts
ts jt
jttj
tjno
nobfbf..
Ngrp
Ng rpsb
sb ga j du
dutjtjtb
tbff ar
argk
gk-d-dgl
glststbr
br es fe
fesn
sngv
gvbr
brbf
bf..
b pjrty kbts ngltrjntbf tg elvbstekjtb
elvbstekjtb hy t`b Jut`grety ajntegl
ajntegl (j fjlkbrgus
gptegl t`jt bltjlkibs t`b elvbstekjtgrs wet` t`es ajntegl).
SGVBL
SGVBLVEJ
VEJI
I NI
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sbwbr systbd. Vg t`b ibt es Fr.
Fr. ^`biiy―s `effbl
ijh -rg
-rggd
gd _BT, jlf tg t`b rek`t ibjfelk
ibjfelk fbbpbr
fbbpbr tgwjrf
tgwjrf t`b ArArgk-
gk-Srebs
Srebsts
ts jitjr
jitjr..

Srgvefb Niubs tg w`jt wguif hb fgwl bet`br pjt`.

Srgvefb
Ijh== J dbfenji jltesbpten snblt,
Ijh snblt, t`b frglb ga kblbrjtgrs,
kblbrjtgrs, iugrbsnbl
iugrbsnbltt iek`ts.
Jitjr= b ienobr
ienobr ga ijdb,
ijdb, n`jlt ieob
ieob frglelk, strjlkb djroelks upgl t`b
wjii, elnrbjsbf elstjlnbs
elstjlnbs ga dbdhrjlb.
dbdhrjlb.

Jatbr j n`genb es djfb= es nrgssrgjfs es j pbrabnt pijnb agr t`b Argk-Dglstbrs
tg sbt up j trjp agr w`bl t`b pjrty es tryelk tg bsnjpb.
V@B
V@B AX
AXGK
GK SX
SXEB
EB^V―
^V―^
^ JI
JIV
VJX
Ga ga j djel sbwbr ielb es j sefb pjssjkb t`jt nurvbs eltg j n`jdhbr
n`jdhbr..
b spjnb es iibf wet` njlfibs
njlfibs t`jt eiiudeljtb t`b sekeis pjeltbf jiglk bvbry
bvbry
eln` ga t`b wjii
Gppgsetb t`b bltrjlnb
bltrjlnb es j ijrkb jitjr djfb argd duitepib argk hgfebs spijybf
spijybf
gpbl el edpgssehib jlkibs.
Nigsb elspbntegl rbvbjis
rbvbjis t`jt jii t`b hgfebs djoelk up t`b jitjr jrb steii ’jievb
’jievb..—
Olbbielk hbagrb
hbagrb t`b jitjr es t`b Argk-Srebst,
Argk-Srebst, gtbl jttblfbf hy twg
twg sdjii Argk-
Dglstbrs,, `jia t`b sezb ga t`gsb t`by
Dglstbrs t`by―vb
―vb sbbl hbagrb.
hbagrb.
Elvbstekjtgrs
Elvbstekjtgrs wetlbsselk
wetlbsselk t`elks el t`es spjnb
spjnb weii rbnbevb
rbnbevb strbss. Dgst ieobiy
ieobiy et
wguif rjlkb
rjlkb argd= Ngltjnt (F6 ^trbss) tg Bxpgsurb (F1 ^trbss).
 XRIB
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^ ^RD
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senjie
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jwl & tg
tguk`
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lbss.
s. Jii jtt
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iy `et
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rgii
ii
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bf, slb
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rbq
bque
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up gl
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ulte
teii t`
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gef nretenji
ji fjdjkb
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pbl duiduitep
tepib
ib ted
tedbsbs Aje
jeiu
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rb fr
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fyel
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f.
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vb :3 el
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sigt
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sigt
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by jr
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iigut (pk
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w`bl=
l=
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tjo nretenji
ji str
strbss
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bl t`b
t`byy
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lbww sp
spbi
biii es nr
nrbj
bjtb
tbff bj
bjnn` dgrgrle
lelk
lk.. Et es ajei
ajei j NV
NVXI
XI sjsjvvb ja
jatb
tbrr rbf
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elk
k NV
NVXI
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fubb
rjlf
lfgdgd gr es j ngp gpyy ga gl
glbb t`
t`bb prbv
bveg
egus
us tg str
strbss
bss))
fjyy. ^p
fj ^pbi
biis
is tj
tjob
ob up gl
glbb et
etbd
bd si
sigt
gt.. ^p
^pbi
biis
is ng
ngst
st
glbbXI
gl
NV
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jntegl
gl
sjv
sj vb tg rnj
njst
st.
btje
bt .lGl
jel Glb bb dj
t`b
t` djyy i.jt
spbi
spbii.jttb
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dpt
fbpr
fb tevbf
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bss Aj
Ajiig
iigut
ut blt
bltry=
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el fj
fjlk
lkbr
br,, j NV
NVXIXI sjsjvvb dj
djyy hb rbq bque
uerrbf tg Njl
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gliy
iy hb n`g
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sbl
l gl
glnbnb jt t`
t`bb tj
tjhi
hibb
jvgef
jvg ef fer
ferbb ngls
nglsbqubl
bqublnbs.nbs. (ulibss gt`brwesb lgtbf).
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lsudbs
dbs jl elvelvblt
bltgry
gry
JNVEGL^ sigt.
Gl t`
t`be
berr tu
turl
rl,, n`
n`jr
jrjn
jntb
tbrs
rs dj
djyy dgdgvbvb 63
63at
at
jlf
jl f tj
tjob
ob j se
selk
lkibib jn
jnte
tegl
gl.. Jn
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tegl
glss jr
jrbb nj
njst
stelelk
k
j spb
spbii,
ii, jtt
jttjn
jnoel
oelk,k, jff
jffete
eteglj
gljii dg
dgvbvbdbl
dblt, t, gr
sgdb
sg db gt
gt`b`brr rb
rbjs
jsgl
gljh
jhibib jn
jnte
tegl
gl.. V`
V`bs
bsbb jr
jrbb
seduitjlbgus.

Xbtrbjtelk arargd
gd j fg
fggd
gdbf
bf se
setu
tujt
jteg
egl
l
rbq
bque
uerrbs j su
sunn
nnbs
bssa
saui
ui FB
FBP
P sj
sjvvb jl
jlf
f j sj
sjab
ab
fbsteljtegl.

Agr t`
t`bb ^t
^tjr
jrtt ga Ng
Ngdh
dhjtjt rg
rgul
ulf,
f, n`
n`jr
jrjn
jntbtbrs
rs
dus
ustt pjs
jsss jl FBP sjsjvvb el grfb
fbrr tg jn
jnt.
t.
^uhsbq
^uh sbqubl
ubltt tur
turls
ls `jv
`jvbb pij
pijyb
ybrs
rs jnt
jntelk
elk,, t`b
t`bll
jfvbrsjrebs.
 N@JX
N@JXJN
JNVBX
VBX ^@B
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LJDB AJVEKRB
ELQBLVGXU
HJNOKXGRLF I - @J
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 2

Iedelji @grr
Iedelji @grrgrgr es j ni
nijs
jssi
sibs
bsss, ru
ruib
ibss ie
ietb
tb sy
syst
stbd
bd t`
t`bb bs
bsn`
n`bw
bwss ib
ibvvbi
biel
elk
k
agrr `e
ag `ek`
k` ib
ibt`
t`ji
jiet
etyy jl
jlf
f lj
ljrr
rrjt
jtev
evbb kr
krgw
gwt`t`..

Sijybr
Sijy brss jn
jntt js el
elvb
vbst
stek
ekjt
jtgr
grss lj
ljve
vekj
kjte
telk
lk j dg
dgfb
fbrl
rl wg
wgri
rif
f au
auii
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tbrr
tbrreh
ehib
ib jl
jlf f ul
ulol
olgw
gwjhjhib
ib t`
t`el
elks
ks t`
t`jt
jt `e
`efb
fb el t`
t`bb sp
spjn
jnbs
bs hb
hbtw
twbb
bbl,
l,
iggoelk agr j wjy el.

Fb
Fbvb
vbig
(elspe
(el igpb
sperbpbf
f fhyjsEljtdg
rbf dgfb
fbrl
g t`brl
Gfngs
gsde
f& denOljvb
n `g
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rrgr
gr) e`j
`jno
t jno
ffga
s jU^gn
gn`j
tr`je
bses Kj
Kji―tsrNjerl
& ^i―s bss
Aji
jiig
igut
ut systbd t` t`jt
jt wjr
jrpps n`j
`jrrjn
jnttbr t`
t`bb nigs
gsbr
br t`
t`by
by kbt tg t`t`bb jh
jhyyss
ss..

Suhies
Suhies`bf
`bf hy Bxj
xjit
itbf
bf Au
Aulbr
lbrji
ji Sr
Srbss
bss

V`bb ng
V` ngvvbr ei
eiiu
iust
strrjt
jteg
egl
l es © 83
838:
8: ]j
]jn`
n` @j
@jzj
zjrrf Qjupbl.
jupbl

Jii tb
Jii tbxt
xt es ie
iennbl
blsb
sbf
f ulfbrr NN-H
ulfb NN-HU
U-^J 6.3. Elt
Eltbr
breg
egrr ed
edjk
jkbs
bs jr
jrbb pu
puhi
hien
en
fgdjel.

KGHIEL JXN@EQB^
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Vwettbr= CkghielWjrn`e
CkghielWjrn`evbsvbs