MGMT 625 Midterm

Question # 2 of 20 ( Start time: 04:17:33 PM ) Total M - 1
Which of the following is an organization that minimizes risk while maximizing the opportunity
for profit?
Defender
Analyzer
Prospector
Reactor
Ref: A true Analyzer is an organization that attempts to minimize risk while
Maximizing the opportunity for profit. It combines the strengths of both the prospector and
defender
Into a single system. The best word to describe Analyzer’s adaptive approach is “balance”.

“Recognizing the need to change but responding in ways that have poor strategic fit with the
business” refers to which of the following difficulties face by companies when they want to be
innovative?
Failure of perception
Inappropriate innovation
Episodic innovation
Ref:
Recognizing the need to change but responding in ways that have poor strategic fit with the
business or divert from more important ends.

Which of the following focuses on the selection and rationalization of organizational structure
and process?
Entrepreneurial problem
Engineering problem
Administrative problem
Managerial problem
There are different styles of managing strategic change. Which of the following are the potential
benefits of "direction" as a change style?
Overcomes lack of information or misinformation
Increases ownership of a decision or process
Maintains control over the change process whilst also involving people in it
Provides clarity and speed
Which of the following problems describes “differentiation of the organization structure and
processes to accommodate both stable and dynamic areas of operation”?
Administrative
Entrepreneurial
Engineering
Managerial
Ref: Administrative problem is how to differentiate the organization structure and processes to
accommodate both stable and dynamic areas of operation.

What makes dialectical inquiry approach different from devil’s advocacy approach?
Dialectical inquiry develops alternate assumptions
Dialectical inquiry is not based on facts and figures
Dialectical inquiry makes planner reactive
Dialectical inquiry demoralizes managers

Joint venture is an example of which of the following?
Strategic change
Process change
Generative change
Adaptive change

Which of the following is known as revenue centric approach?
Activity centered change
Focus on quantity or numbers
Interconnectedness of various elements
Need to change everything at once
Ref: Focus on quantity or numbers
Sometimes, it is called revenue centric approach in which number matters. From change
management
perspective, the results of any change program could be measured in terms of numerical values
rather
than on the basis of desired characteristics.

Which of the following focuses on the choice of technologies and processes to be used for
production and distribution?
Engineering problem
Managerial problem
Which of the following theories operate on a multiple entity?
Life cycle and teleological theories
Teleological and dialectical theories
Dialectical and evolutionary theories
Evolutionary and life cycle theories
Ref: Unit of Change
Dialectical theories operate on multiple entities while OLC and teleological operate within a
single
entity.
Evolution theories operate on multiple entities, which are on intra-organisational,
organisational,
population, communities as against OLC and teleological theories

Organizational birth rates and death rates refer to:
Vital rates
Growth rates
Inflation rates
Reduction rates
Ref: Vital rates means death rates and founding rates of an organization. This leads not only to
the study
of large organizations but also of entrepreneurship and small businesses.

Parochialism is also known as:
Ethnocentrisms
Pluralism
Favoritism
Traditionalism
Ref: Parochialism, provincialism or ethnocentrisms means to interpret the things or
developments on self
reference basis. Again, there is tendency among individuals or among groups that they percept
changes
narrowly and un-sophisticatedly.

Which of the following best describes the style of managing change associated with coercion or
edict?
Change agent retains co-ordination and control but delegates elements of change
Use of authority to set direction and means of change
Explicit use of power
Involvement in setting the strategy agenda and resolving strategic issues by groups
Ref:
http://wps.pearsoned.co.uk/ema_uk_he_johnson_excorpstrat_7/26/6677/1709563.cw/-/1709565/
index.html

Which of the following theories establishes that “Goal is considered as a final cause for guiding
movement of an entity”?
Life cycle theory
Teleological theory
Dialectical theory
Evolutionary theory
Ref: Teleological theories of Change
According to this theory, human actions are purposive; goal is the final cause for guiding
movement of an entity

Which of the following is based on the assumption that change proceeds toward a goal or end
state?
Life cycle theory
Teleological theory
Dialectical theory
Evolutionary theory
Ref: Teleological theories of Change
According to this theory, human actions are purposive; goal is the final cause for
guiding movement of an entity. This underlies other organization theories like functionalism,
decisionmaking, adaptive learning & model of strategic planning and goal setting. By this theory,
development of an organizational entity proceeds toward a goal or end state.

Short term orientation refers to:
Interpretation of things on self-reference basis
Favoritism or protection of individuals
Short sightedness
Satisficing behavior of individuals

“Sunk cost” is a source of which of the following?
Structural inertia
Natural selection
Adaptation
Variation

Which of the following is defined as an influencing process that can be exercised sideways,
diagonally, top-down and down-up throughout an organizational hierarchy?
Leadership
Followership
Administration
All of the given options
Ref:
http://www.eabis.org/uploads/media/Mostovizc_Kakabadse-CSR_Role_of_Leadership.PDF

According to Hannan and Freeman, written rules of operations in an organization refer to:
Normative Order
Formal structure
Patterns of activity
Span of control
Ref: Formal structure of the organization in the narrow sense, that is through written rules of
operations.
MGMT625 Solved MCQs by vuZs Team (Tariq) with Ref 2

In psychology the observation that people often do (or believe) things because many other people
do (or believe) the same is known as:
Band wagon effect
Benchmarking
Fashion
Trend setting

Merger and acquisition is an example of which of the following?
Strategic change
Process change
Generative change
Adaptive change

Which of the following leadership style refers to a form of non-leadership in which the leader
abdicates his or her responsibility and is high avoidant?
Transformational leadership
Transactional leadership
Instrumental leadership
Laissez-faire leadership

How many states of adaptation have been mentioned by Chakravorti?
Four
Five
Three
Two
Ref: Three states of adaptation are given by Chakravorti. He used the terms as unstable state,
stable state and neutral state.

Which of the following statements describes entrepreneurial problem for prospectors?
To locate and develop market opportunities
To avoid long term commitments to a single technological process
To facilitate and coordinate numerous and diverse operations
To focus on short term goals
Ref: Entrepreneurial problem for prospector is how to locate and develop market opportunities?
The
systemic addition of new products or markets, combined with retrenchment in other parts of
domain
characterizes the prospector.
http://www.vuzs.info/
Identify a weakness of devil’s advocacy approach.
It gives no alternate plan
It is based on facts and logics
It makes planner proactive
It recommends solutions

Which of the following is not a key task for those involved in seeking political agreements over
strategic change?
Negotiate any necessary 'side deals' to get people by their side
Identify potential and influential supporters and persuade them to support the new strategy
Seek out potential opposition and attempt to change opinions or at least, to neutralize them
Build the maximum consensus for the new proposals, preferably prior to any formal decision
meeting
Ref: http://wps.pearsoned.co.uk/ema_uk_he_lynch_corpstrat_4/42/10958/2805436.cw/-/
2805438/index.html
Unless an environment is perfectly stable, organization can not learn appropriately. What does
this mean?
This means organization always lag behind environment
This means organization doesn’t have ability to learn
This means employees resist change
This means employees adapt change according to their will
Ref:
Unanticipated Consequences of Ordinary Action
First, the rate of adaptation may be inconsistent with the rate change of environment. Unless an
environment is perfectly stable, organization can not learn appropriately. This means
organization
always lag behind environment.

According to Greiner, in his five phases of growth model, what type of crisis follows phase 2
(growth through direction)?
Crisis of control
Crisis of autonomy
Crisis of leadership
Crisis of growth

Which of the following is an internal source of structural inertia?
Sunk cost
New technology
Government regulations
Social legitimacy

Who believed that effective manager is the one who moves the organization forward in small,
logical steps?
Lewin
Quinn
Mintzberg
Lindblom
Ref: The concept of logical incrementalism remained a frequently cited concept, especially
1980s. Its
leading proponent Quinn believes’ in planned change and orderly transition. He was thoroughly
against radical change in strategy and in organizational directions, systems or central processes.
He believes that effective manager is the one who moves the organization forward in small,
logical steps
The criteria for scanning academic information from internet includes all of the following,
except:
Known author
Junk substance
Leading journal
Good references

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the period of direction phase?
Communication becomes more formal and impersonal
Incentives, budgets, and work standards are adopted
Accounting systems for inventory and purchasing are introduced
Communication is frequent and informal
Ref: Functional org. structure – specialization and division of labor
• System and sub-system get developed – Accounting for inventory and purchasing
• Budgets and work & Job standards, are adopted
• Communication becomes more formal and impersonal as a hierarchy of title and position builds
• Lower and upper level conflict becomes obvious as organization grows and have more layers of
hierarchy
• Lower level employees find restricted by a cumbersome procedures and centralized hierarchy.
• Lower level managers have more direct knowledge of market and machinery than do the
leaders at the top (office-work & govern through paper).

Identify a “pre-action barrier” faced by the organizations which are not ready to accept change.
Avoidance
Indecision
Poverty

What is the impact of incremental change on employees according to James Quinn?
It demoralizes employees
It increases confidence level of employees
It discourages employees
It adversely affects employee’s productivity

How many major strategic problem and solution sets are there in organizational adaptation
process?
Five
Four
Three
Two
Which of the following contexts would most suit a transformational leader?
An organization that is in trouble
An organization that is performing well
An organization in a stable environment
An organization in a mature industry

Which of the following dimensions of strategic change is related to the ‘how’ of the change
according to Pettigrew?
Content
Outer Context
Inner context
Process
Ref: According to Pettigrew and Whippy the essential dimensions of strategic change are
context, content and process of change.
Context on X-axis (Why of change)
Content on Y - axis (What of change)
Process on Z-axis (How of change)

Which of the following is a tangible design?
Formal planning
Degree of centralization
Job specialization
Divisional design
Ref:
(a) Tangible Designs
Functional Design
Divisional Design
Matrix Design
(b) Intangible Designs

Hierarchical Levels
Degree of Centralization
Control systems and Formal Planning
Job Specialization
Which of the following defines a learning that occurs when errors are detected and corrected and
firms continue with their present policies and goals?
Single-loop learning
Double-loop learning
Surface learning
Deep learning

When the new program gets merged with the existing processes, it refers to:
Missionary phase
Modification phase
Maturity phase
Declining phase

Which of the following is Not an internal source of strategic organizational change?
New corporate mission
New company leadership
Decline in employee’s morale

What is a failure rate of change programmers according to Balogun and Hope Hailey report?
Around 60 per cent
Around 70 per cent
Around 80 per cent
Around 90 per cent
Ref: Balogun and Hope Hailey (2004) report a failure rate of around 70 per cent of
all change programmers initiated. It may be suggested that this poor success rate indicates a
fundamental lack of a valid framework of how to implement and manage organizational change
as what is currently available to academics and practitioners is a wide range of contradictory and
confusing theories and approaches.
Which of the following is Not a method of diagnosing a problem?
Interviews
Questionnaires
Benchmarking
Unobtrusive measures
Ref:
Unobtrusive measures
Any method of data collection in which the subjects are not aware that they are being studied.
FOR EXAMPLE, physical traces, observation, analysis of existing data, and archives.
Which of the following is a function of attitude?
Routine
Habit
Behavior
Policy

Team building and delegation are part of:
Planning
Human resource management
Organizing
Leadership

Which of the following strategies is concerned with the overall purpose and scope of the
business to meet stakeholder expectations?
Corporate strategy
Business strategy
Functional strategy
Process strategy

Which of the following is Not an internal source of structural inertia?
Sunk cost
Communication problem
Organizational politics
Technological advancement
Question # 11 of 20 (Start time: 09:13:12 PM) Total M - 1

except:
Known author
Junk substance
Leading journal
Good references

Identify a success trap in which individuals believe that they can counter each and every
situation with the same set of knowledge and skills.
Avoidance
Indecision
Poverty
Insularity
Ref: Avoidance
People in the organizations especially top managers cannot move away from their tested ways of
doing business as they do not believe that the world has changed. In other words this is a kind of
success trap for individuals who are unable to differentiate environment and situations and
believe that with same set of knowledge and skills they can counter each and every situation.

Which of the following focuses on the selection and rationalization of organizational structure
and process?
Engineering problem
Managerial problem

Which of these best describes restraining forces?
Unfreezing
Negotiation
Refreezing
Resistance to change
Which of the following is defined as an influencing process that can be exercised sideways,
diagonally, top-down and down-up throughout an organizational hierarchy?
Leadership
Followership
Administration

Which of the following defines a learning that occurs when, in addition to detection and
correction of errors, the organization questions and modifies its existing norms, procedures,
policies and objectives?
Single-loop learning
Double-loop learning
Surface learning
Deep learning

Which of the following is the fourth stage of “Miller & Freisen Model”?
Birth
Growth
Revival
Maturity

Living around the core of the business, this refers to:
Paralysis through analysis
Sticking to one’s knitting
Stress upon single value
Customer satisfaction
Ref: Sticking to one’s knitting – to original area of organization instead of being led by different
attractive alternatives. Sticking to one’s knitting means living around the core of the business
which definitely is the area of being or mission statement.
Identify the statement which defines a change agent?
A top management expert who knows all parts of the organization
External consultant who analyzes the organization and recommend the changes that need
to take place
The person or group in an organization that people try to influence in order to get their personal
concerns
A person or group of people who take on the role of promoting change within an organization

All of the following describe incremental change Except:
It is continuous
It involves constant learning
It is relevant at multiple levels in organization
It is multi-directional
Referenced by
Rashid Umar ( rashidumer50@yahoo.com)
It is multi-directional page :129
Features of incremental change
Unidirectional
Continuous
Constant learning
Relevant at all or multiple levels of organizations
Converging &
Short term based

In terms of technology, hardware refers to which of the following?
Equipment
Techniques
Skills
Knowledge
Question # 3 of 20 ( Start time: 08:44:07 PM ) Total M - 1 http://www.vuzs.info/

Radical changes are considered as rapid and ___________.
Continuous
Incremental
Discontinuous
Constant

What does HPOs stand for?
High Performance Organizations
Highly Powerful Organizations
High Potential Organizations
Highly Productive Organizations

Which of the following is Not an external source of strategic organizational change?
Competitor’s actions
Technological advancement

Although strategic change tends to be seen as a long term issue, it may be useful to achieve
'short-term wins'. What does this mean?
The organization must complete its change programmer quickly
The organization must win in the short-term to be successful in the long-term
Short-term wins benefit stakeholders
Completing some tasks quickly to demonstrate success and build confidence in a change
programmer

Which of the following developed PE model?
Taylor and Weber
Michael and Freisen
Tushman & Romanelli
Francis & Bessant
Structural inertia
Natural selection
Adaptation
Variation

Which of the following provided data that suggest a strong linkage between corporate culture
and the organization's reward system?
Kerr and Slocum
Taylor and Weber
Michael and Freisen
Tushman & Romanelli
Ref:
Kerr and Slocum {1987), for example, have provided data that suggest a strong linkage between
corporate culture and the organization's reward system. They show how a company's reward
system is a manifestation of its culture.

Identify a success trap in which individuals believe that they can counter each and every
situation with the same set of knowledge and skills.
Avoidance
Indecision
Poverty
Insularity

Which of the following best describes an 'intended' strategy?
An expression of desired strategic direction deliberately formulated or planned by managers
A strategic direction that emerges from a stream of decisions
An expression of desired strategic direction deliberately formulated or planned by managers
that is realized in the fullness of time
A strategy that is the product of competitive pressure

Which of the following shows a “residual” type of behavior in an organization?
Defender
Analyzer
Prospector
Reactor
findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb6648/is_3_26/ai_n30977118/pg_6/

Which of the following is NOT included in McKinsey 7 S framework?
Strategy
Structure
System
Safety

Which of the following statements describes engineering problem for prospectors?
To locate and develop market opportunities
To avoid long term commitments to a single technological process
To facilitate and coordinate numerous and diverse operations
To focus on short term goals

Identify the factor with which an effective organization maintains alignment?
Employees
Environment
Organizational culture
Top management
www.bth.se/fou/cuppsats.nsf/all/e670dd13bfaaf375c12575b400724462/$file/MASTER'S
%20THESIS,%20BTH%202009.pdf

What is the impact of incremental change on employees according to James Quinn?
It demoralizes employees
It increases confidence level of employees
It discourages employees
It adversely affects employee’s productivity

Application of standard operating procedures refers to:
Rule following
Problem solving
Decision making
Learning
Ref: Rule Following
Application of standard operating procedures (SOPs), duties, obligation, roles, rules, and criteria
evolve through competition and survival, and those followed by organizations that survive, grow
and multiply come to dominate the pool of procedures

When managers make rational choice under certain conditions of risk and cost-benefit analyses.
This process refers to:
Rule following
Problem solving
Decision making
Conflict resolving
Ref: It is the rational actor model which prevails in organizations. Managers make rational
choice under certain conditions of risk and cost-benefit analyses.

Living around the core of the business, this refers to:
Paralysis through analysis
Sticking to one’s knitting
Stress upon single value
Customer satisfaction

Why might a force field analysis be useful in thinking about strategic change?
A force field analysis helps to identify the blockages to change
A force field analysis helps to identify forces which might facilitate change
A force field analysis identifies those who have power in the organizations to make change
happen
A force field analysis provides a way of identifying forces for and against change in the
organization

Question # 1 of 20 ( Start time: 06:08:49 PM )
What does HPOs stand for?
High Performance Organizations
Highly Powerful Organizations
High Potential Organizations
Highly Productive Organizations
“Learning that creates stability and culture is different from the learning that enables
organizations to innovate as they encounter changing conditions in both their external and
internal environment.” Which of the following experts gave above mentioned concept?
Schein
Charles
Toffler
Schon
Ref: According to Schein, “Learning that creates stability and culture is different from the
learning that
enables organizations to innovate as they encounter changing conditions in both their external
and
internal environment.”
Identify an element of inner context of strategic change?
Extent of regulation in the industry
Ownership structure of the company
Presence of influential stakeholders
Life cycle of the company
Ref: Pye and Pettigrew revealed important aspects of inner and outer context in another article
titled,
“Studying Board Context, Process and Dynamics: Some Challenges for the Future”. For them
important aspects of the outer context include: the extent of regulation in the industry in
which an organization is located; its ownership structure and investor relationships with the
board; the presence of other influential stakeholders e.g. lobby groups outside the
organization; and the potential for mergers and acquisitions activity.
What do we mean by the term 'strategic change'?
An important organizational change
The proactive management of change to achieve strategic objectives
Planned change
A change that inevitably results in organizations as they evolve in a changing environment
All of the following are part of 7 ‘S’ model Except:
Structure
Style
Staff
Source
Which of the following is known as an unstable organization?
Defender
Analyzer
Prospector
Reactor
Ref: Reactors
Besides the fourth type of organizations is Reactors. This type of organization exhibits a pattern
of
adjustment to its environment that is both inconsistent and unstable.
Administrative
Entrepreneurial
Engineering
Managerial
“Model of strategic planning” is a part of which of the following?
Life cycle theories
Teleological theories
Dialectical theories
Evolutionary theories
Which of the following is Not an internal source of strategic organizational change?
New company leadership
Decline in employee’s morale
Identify the year in which Beck hard & Harris proposed a model of change management process.
1957
1967
1977
1987
“Goal setting theory” is a part of which of the following?
Life cycle theories
Teleological theories
Identify the correct order of dialectical cycle.
Thesis-Antithesis-Synthesis
Synthesis-Antithesis-Thesis
Thesis-Synthesis-Antithesis
Antithesis-Synthesis-Thesis
All of the following describe incremental change Except:
It is continuous
It involves constant learning
It is relevant at multiple levels in organization
It is multi-directional
Identify the problem having a solution “To operate in hybrid domain”?
Administrative
Entrepreneurial
Engineering
Managerial
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the period of creativity phase?
Long hours of work are rewarded by modest salaries
Control of activities comes from immediate marketplace feedback
Which of the following leadership style refers to a form of non-leadership in which the leader
abdicates his or her responsibility and is high avoidant?
Transformational leadership
Transactional leadership
Instrumental leadership
Laissez-faire leadership
When did Baird & Meshoulam describe organization life cycle model?
1988
1978
1968
1958

Which of the following transformational strategies involves revision of strategic driving forces
and innovation of mission?
Reconfigure the value stream
Redefine the driving force of the business
Reconstruct the competencies of the business
Redefine the value proposition to the existing or new customers
Ref: Reconfigure the value stream
Reconfiguring the value stream involves making major changes in the positioning of the firm
with in a web of suppliers, partners and/or downstream agents. For example, firms contemplating
a value stream transformational strategy may be able to change, upgrade or develop their
suppliers and do the same with downstream agents.
Identify the minimum requirement of entities by dialectical theories to fill the roles of thesis and
antithesis
Five
Four
Three
Two
Question # 7 of 20 ( Start time: 06:54:33 PM ) Which of the following terms describes
"the tendency of businesses, technologies, or philosophies to spread throughout the world"?
Internationalization
Globalization
Localization
Globalization
Ref: http://searchcio.techtarget.com/definition/globalization
Who believed that effective manager is the one who moves the organization forward in small,
logical steps?
Lewin
Quinn
Mintzberg
Lindblom
How many parts are there in organizational structure according to Higgins?
Six
Five
Four
Three
Which of the following is NOT a stage in Kurt Lewin's Model for Change?
Unfreeze
Change
Refreeze
Defrost
Which of the following is a tangible design?
Hierarchical levels
Control systems
Job specialization
Matrix design
Which of the following is NOT a feature of radical change?
It is based on periodic learning
It is relevant at upper echelon of organization
It is long-term based
It is continuous
Which of the following is one of the dimensions of Greiner’s Model?
Age of organization
Development of organization
Flexibility of organization
Adaptability of organization
Which of the following terms describes "selection of strategies from among alternative courses
of action, both for the enterprise as a whole and for every department or section"?
Planning
Organizing
Leading
Controlling
People get into trouble when they do not accept their total selves and try to live up to the
demands of others rather than being themselves. This refers to:
Management by exception
Management by objective
Gestalt phenomenon
Gibbs phenomenon
Identify a term which involves reinforcement of changes made in order to stabilize the new
behavior’s.
Refreezing
Unfreezing
Feedback
Resistance
Short term orientation refers to:
Interpretation of things on self-reference basis
Favoritism or protection of individuals
Short sightedness
Satisficing behavior of individuals
Which of the following deliberately enacts in an environment for which a stable form of
organization is appropriate?
Defender
Analyzer
Prospector
Reactor
Ref: Defenders
The defender deliberately enacts in an environment for which a stable form of organization is
Appropriate. Stability is achieved by the defender’s definition of, and solution to its
entrepreneurial
Problem.

Which of the following peoples show long term behavior?
Japanese
Malays
Chinese
Ref: In cross cultural terms, for instance, traditional Asiatic peoples such as Japanese, Chinese or
Malays have had long term behavior then other Asiatic ones. In reality, we have also seen them
more developed and rich.
All of the following are time-consuming methods for dealing with resistance to change,
EXCEPT:
Stress management
Employee involvement
Learning
Coercion
“Model of strategic planning” is a part of which of the following?
Life Cycle Theories
Teleological Theories
Ref: According to this theory, human actions are purposive; goal is the final cause for guiding
movement of an entity. This underlies other organization theories like functionalism, decision-
making,
adaptive learning & model of strategic planning and goal setting.

“Technological innovation by competitors” is one of the reasons of organizational failure. This
refers to which of the following factors?
Environmental
Structural
Managerial
Cultural
Amongst the types of change, what is meant by “evolutionary change”?
Incremental change within the existing paradigm
Big bang change within the existing paradigm
Incremental change outside the existing paradigm
"Big bang" change outside the existing paradigm
Change agents facilitate the diagnostic phase by gathering, interpreting and presenting
_________.
Solutions
Problems
Data
Alternatives
Identify the statement which defines a change agent?
A top management expert who knows all parts of the organization
External consultant who analyzes the organization and recommend the changes that need to take
place
The person or group in an organization that people try to influence in order to get their personal
concerns
A person or group of people who take on the role of promoting change within an organization
Life cycle theory
Teleological theory
Dialectical theory
Evolutionary theory
In terms of technology, hardware refers to which of the following?
Machinery
Techniques
Skills
Knowledge
Goals of an organization are often derived from its:
Strategy
Purpose
Objectives
Missions

Which of the following shows a “residual” type of behavior in an organization?
Defender
Analyzer
Prospector
Reactor
Which of the following introduced concept of logical incrementalism?
Kurt Lewin
James Brian Quinn
Edgar Schein
Michael Peter Senge
Identify the problem having a solution “To operate in hybrid domain”?
Administrative
Entrepreneurial
Engineering
Managerial
Ref: The entrepreneurial problem is how to locate and exploit new products and market
opportunities
while simultaneously maintaining a firm base of traditional products and customers. The obvious
solution is to operate in hybrid domain – that is both stable and changing.
In McKinsey 7-S framework for business success, plans for the allocation for a firm’s scarce
resources over time to achieve organizational goals refer to:
Strategy
Structure
System
Safety
Structural inertia
Natural selection
Adaptation
Variation
Kurt Lewin's three-step model for successful change in organizations includes:
Unfreeze, move and freeze
Unfreeze, change and refreeze
Change, refreeze and unfreeze
Refreeze, move and unfreeze

Which of the following developed PE model?
Taylor and Weber
Michael and Freisen
Tushman & Romanelli
Francis & Bessant

People get into trouble when they do not accept their total selves and try to live up to the
demands of others rather than being themselves. This refers to:
Management by exception
Management by objective
Gestalt phenomenon
Gibbs phenomenon
Ref: vulms.vu.edu.pk/Courses/HRM625/Downloads/lecture39.ppt

Which of the following defined specie as a legally defined entity?
Weber
Freeman
Uldrich
Quinn
Ref: Ulrich defines form as a “legally defined entity” with a population of firms consisting of
similar
competencies, structures and strategies. Similarly organization form can be determined according
to
other criteria, for e.g. technology, industry grouping and product.

Identify the state in which a firm can withstand most environmental changes?
Stable
Unstable
Neutral
Constant
Ref: In a neutral state, a firm can withstand most environmental changes because they have been
anticipated before their occurrence and the firm has invested in the requisite adaptive ability.
Which of the following describes the role of a strategy?
Makes best use of resources
Achieves competitive advantages
Makes profits for the organization
Makes the best products and services
innovative?
Episodic innovation
Steady state innovation
Ref: Inappropriate innovation
Recognizing the need to change but responding in ways that have poor strategic fit with the
business or divert from more important ends.
“Technological innovation by competitors” is one of the reasons of organizational failure. This

refers to which of the following factors?
Environmental
Structural
Managerial
Cultural
Although strategic change tends to be seen as a long term issue, it may be useful to achieve
'short-term wins'. What does this mean?
The organization must complete its change programmer quickly
The organization must win in the short-term to be successful in the long-term
Short-term wins benefit stakeholders
Completing some tasks quickly to demonstrate success and build confidence in a change
programme
Identify an approach in which second group gives an alternate plan.
Expert system approach
Devil’s advocate approach
Dialectical inquiry approach
External analysis approach

An approach in which an external consultant recommends a solution to organizational problems

according to technical view point is known as:
“Recognizing the need but on occasional basis so that intensive innovation effort is followed by
a period of inactivity” refers to which of the following difficulties face by companies when they
want to be innovative?
Episodic innovation
Rule following
Problem solving
Decision making
Conflict resolving

Identify the factor with which an effective organization maintains alignment?
Employees
Environment
Organizational culture
Top management
except:
Known author
Junk substance
Leading journal
Good references
Various media exist for communicating change. Which of the following media is best suited to
complex strategic change?
Personal letters
General bulletins or circulars
Face to face either individually or to a group
A strategic plan
Which of the following is an organization that minimizes risk while maximizing the opportunity
for profit?
Defender
Analyzer
Prospector
Reactor
Implication for change management in the ‘controlling’ function of management is:
From formal to more formal control
From formal to informal control
From informal to formal control
From informal to more informal control
Which of the following is a characteristic of the period of collaboration phase?
Teams are combined across functions for task-group activity
Profit centers and bonuses are used to stimulate motivation
antithesis
Five
Four
Three
Two
Planning
Human resource management
Organizing
Leadership

What does QMM stand for?
Quality Marketing Management
Quality Management Marketing
Quality Movement Management
Quality Management Movement
Change agents facilitate the diagnostic phase by gathering, interpreting and presenting
_________.
Solutions
Problems
Data
Alternatives
innovative?
Episodic innovation
antithesis
Five
Four
Three
Two
Answer & Ref by Rashid Umar - Page 27
Dialectical theories operate on multiple entities while OLC and teleological operate within a
single
entity. The theory requires at least two entities to fill the role of thesis and anti-thesis.
Introduction of MBO program in an organization in order to enhance productivity level refers to
which of the following?
Missionary phase
Modification phase
Quantum change
Declining phase
Ref: Missionary phase: When organizational member goes through MBO training programmer
reads book or article or is in business education programmer and tries to introduce the same in
his own organization with at least one high level sponsor in the organization (may be
politically driven as to seek legitimacy and credibility)

Which of the following change is dramatic and concerted?
Continuous change
Incremental change
Gradual change
Quantum change
Ref: Radical or Transformative changes
Related concepts are quantum change, discontinuous change or radical change. Quantum change
is said to occur when change is both dramatic and concerted.
Which of the following states is least vulnerable to changes in the firm’s environment?
Stable
Unstable
Neutral
Constant
Ref: The unstable state is the most vulnerable to changes in the firm’s environment, a neutral
state is the most vulnerable, and a stable state vulnerable only to certain environmental changes.
How many parts are there in organizational structure according to Higgins?
Six
Five
Four
Three
Ref: The organization’s structure, according to Higgins consists of five parts:
1. jobs;
2. the authority to do those jobs;
3. the grouping of jobs in a logical fashion, for example, into departments or divisions;
4. the manager’s span of control;
5. and the mechanisms of coordination.
Identify a theory according to which environment selects and decides the validity of organization
form, process and practices to become effective and efficient.
Life cycle theory
Teleological theory
Dialectical theory
Evolutionary theory
Which of the following is an application of evolutionary theories?
Introduction of new management system
Strategic Assumptions Analysis
Quality management movement
Which of the following is known as revenue centric approach?
Activity centered change
Focus on quantity or numbers
Interconnectedness of various elements
Need to change every thing at once
Which of the following is a major cause of organizational failure among the management-related
factors?
Technological advancements
Dependency on a single customer
Incompetent leadership
Difficulties in obtaining raw material
Ref: Dependency on single supplier should be avoided. In other words a diversified portfolio of
vendors is needed for coping with such danger. Similarly reliance on single customer also
becomes dangerous for organizations.
Identify an approach in which the role of managers’ behavior is destructive rather than
constructive.
Planning
Human Resource Management
Organizing
Leadership
Which of the following terms describes "the process of planning, coordinating, and
implementing changes to the information processing production, distribution, and system
facilities"?
Change management
Management
Conflict management
Crisis management
Ref:http://www.mcpressonline.com/programming/change-management/change-management-the-
key-to-successful-projects.html
Learning that creates stability and culture is different from the learning that enables
organizations to innovate as they encounter changing conditions in both their external and
internal environment.” Which of the following experts gave above mentioned concept?
Schein
Charles
Toffler
Schon
Which of the following states is the most vulnerable to changes in the firm’s environment?
Stable
Unstable
Neutral
Constant
Which of the following occurs in an organization principally through the competition of scarce
resources and the environment selects entities that best fit the resource base of an environmental
niche?
Variation
Selection
Retention
Deviation
Ref: Selection of organization occurs principally through the competition of scarce resources and
the
environment selects entities that best fit the resource base of an environmental niche.
Goals of an organization are often derived from its:
Strategy
Purpose
Objectives
Mission
According to Hannan and Freeman, the ways of organizing that are defined as right and proper
by both members and relevant sectors of the environment refer to:
Normative Order
Formal structure
Patterns of activity
Span of control
Ref: Normative order- the ways of organizing that are defined as right and proper by both
members and relevant sectors of the environment
Identify the state in which a firm can withstand most environmental changes?
Stable
Unstable
Neutral
Constant
Which of the following describes the role of a strategy?
Makes best use of resources
Achieves competitive advantages
Makes profits for the organization
Makes the best products and services
Identify the word which best describes the analyzer’s adaptive approach?
Balanced
Dynamic
Efficient
Uncertainty
Ref: The best word to describe Analyzer’s adaptive approach is “balance”
Which of the following is NOT a stage in Kurt Lewin's Model for Change?
Unfreeze
Change
Refreeze
Defrost
Which of the following is an organizational culture in which teams are formed to solve particular
problems?
Power culture
Role culture
Task culture
Person culture
(growth through coordination)?
Control crisis
Autonomy crisis
Leadership crisis
Red tape crisis
Which of the following is the third stage of “Miller & Freisen Model”?
Birth
Growth
Revival
Maturity
Administrative
Entrepreneurial
Engineering
Managerial
How many phases or life cycles of a development process are there according to Holmen?
Five
Four
Three
Two
Ref: According to Hollman, organizational change such as MBO can be best understood by
viewing
change as systematically moving through distinct developmental stages rather than as either an
evolutionary or revolutionary process. This developmental process consists of three phases or
life
cycle: Missionary, Modification and Maturity
Which of the following is a characteristic of the period of delegation phase?
Long hours of work are rewarded by modest salaries
Incentives, budgets, and work standards are adopted
Profit centers and bonuses are used to stimulate motivation
Ref:
PHASE 3: DELEGATION
Next era of growth evolves from the successful application of decentralized organization
structure
which exhibits the following characteristics:
 •
 •
 • Top executives at headquarters restrain themselves to managing by exception based on
periodic reports from the field
 • Management now focuses on making new acquisitions which can be added to the
corporation as decentralized units
 • Communication from the top is infrequent, usually by correspondence? Or telephonic or
brief field visits.

The general or macro environment is a part of organization’s external environment. Identify
other type of organization’s external environment?
The internal environment
The competitive environment
The specific environment
The micro-environment
Ref: Sources of change
Strategic organizational change can emanate from two different sources: change can either
originate from the external environment such as changes in competitors’ actions, government
regulations,
economic conditions and technological advances
Introduction of MBO program in an organization in order to enhance productivity level refers to
which of the following?
Missionary phase
Modification phase
Maturity phase
Declining phase
Change management is mostly aligned with:
Marketing
Financial management
Strategic management
Project management
Which of these best describes restraining forces?
Unfreezing
Negotiation
Refreezing
Resistance to change
Identify a theory according to which environment selects and decides the validity of organization
form, process and practices to become effective and efficient.
Life cycle theory
Teleological theory
Dialectical theory
Evolutionary theory
Which of the following is NOT a weakness of devil’s advocacy approach?
It gives no solution
It demoralizes managers
It makes managers’ behavior destructive
It focuses on what is going wrong
Merger and acquisition is an example of which of the following?
Strategic change
Process change
Generative change
Adaptive change
Rule following
Problem solving
Decision making
Conflict resolving
Which of the following focuses on the choice of technologies and processes to be used for
production and distribution?
Engineering problem
Managerial problem
According to Beck hard & Harris three stages of change management process include:
Unfreeze, change and refreeze
Current state, transition state and future state
Pre-contemplation, contemplation and action
Anticipation, confirmation and culmination
“Formulating policies” is a part of ______________ activity.
Planning
Organizing
Leading
Controlling
How many phases or life cycles of a development process are there according to Holmen?
Five
Four
Three
Two
Identify an approach in which two different groups assigned to the problem and each group
evaluates the other group’s alternatives.
Ref: http://www.slideshare.net/vineshpathak/decision-making-in-management
As an entity progresses through a necessary sequence of stages or phases, which of the following
depicts the process of change in the entity?
Life cycle theory
Teleological theory
Dialectical theory
Evolutionary theory
Ref: Ref: http://books.google.com.pk/books?
id=s5C3k5G_0KMC&pg=PA202&lpg=PA202&dq=
%22necessary+sequence+of+stages+or+phases
%22&source=bl&ots=E0Tm1LGtFv&sig=O0GoUJKxVcEGu0XAkQvt-
UuafGY&hl=en&ei=FjZMTaOXKdSAhAeetqTuDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum
=1&ved=0CBcQ6AEwAA
Which of the following strategies refers to revolutionary types of change in terms of strategic
management?
Internal development
External development
Incremental development
Gradual development
Ref: Internal refers to slow; gradualism or incrementalism or evolutionary view and the other
refer to revolutionary types of change.
Organizational birth rates and death rates refer to:
Vital rates
Growth rates
Inflation rates
Reduction rates
Cause and effect refers to:
Concept of causality
Concept of change
Concept of adaptability
Concept of selection
Ref: Cause and effect (also written as cause-effect or cause/effect) refers to the philosophical
concept of causality, in which an action or event will produce a certain response to the action in
the form of another event.
Which of the following is known as an unstable organization?
Defender
Analyzer
Prospector
Reactor
When procedures take precedence over problem solving and innovation is dampened, which of
the following crisis is created?
Control crisis
Autonomy crisis
Leadership crisis
Red tape crisis
Ref: Red Tape Crisis
Lack of confidence and trust between line and staff, and between HQ and field; systems,
program
And procedures go beyond their utility, and become end in itself. Line managers resent heavy
Directions by staffs, which are unaware of local conditions. Staffs on the other hand complain
about
Uncooperative and uninformed line managers. Therefore procedure takes precedence over
problem
Solving, and innovation is dampened
(growth through creativity)?
Crisis of control
Crisis of autonomy
Crisis of leadership
Crisis of growth
When organizational systems and structures are realigned with the desired behavior’s, this is
referred to as:
Refreezing
Unfreezing
Feedback
Resistance

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