MARGARET JEAN

WATSON
JUNE 10, 1940

"THEORY OF HUMAN CARING"

 "WE ARE THE LIGHT
INSTITUTIONAL
DARKNESS,AND IN THIS
MODEL WE GET TO RETURN
TO THE LIGHT OF OUR
HUMANITY"
-JEAN WATSON
AUTOBIOGRAPHY
 Dr. Jean Watson (June 1, 1940-present) is an American nurse
theorist and nursing professor. Her journey began as the
youngest child of eight children in Welch, West Virginia; where
she lived until college.

Dr. Watson attended nursing school in Roanoke Virginia and

graduated in 1961. Following her graduation, she married her
husband and moved to Colorado. She obtained a BSN in 1964,
MSN in 1966, and her PhD in education, psychiatrics, and
counseling in 1973. Dr. Watson obtained her Doctor of Nursing
Practice (DNP) in 2005.
 During her education progression; Dr. Watson and her colleagues
established the Center for Human Caring at the University of Colorado.
After holding numerous positions at the School of Nursing in Colorado
and after obtaining her DNP; Dr. Watson took a sabbatical.

Three years following her walking pilgrimage in the Spanish El Camino;

Dr. Watson created the Watson Caring Science Institute to further her
work of caring.

In 1997 and 1998, Dr. Watson was faced with personal devastation and
suffering. She lost sight in her left eye from a golfing accident and soon
after her husband passed away. These events resulted in
American nurse theorist and nursing professor who is well known for her "Philosophy and
Theory of Transpersonal Caring" or "Caring Source"

Her study on caring has been integrated into education and patient care to various nursing
schools and healthcare facilities all over the world.
 CREDENTIALS
Watson graduated from the Lewis Gale School of Nursing in
1961.

then continued her nursing studies at the University of

Colorado at Boulder.

She earned her bachelor's degree in 1964,

Master's degree in psychiatric and mental health nursing in

1966, and a PhD.
Jean Watson has authored 11 books

first book, Nursing: The Philosophy and Science of Caring

(1979),

second book, Nursing: Human Science and Human

Care—A Theory of Nursing (1985)

third book, Postmodern Nursing and Beyond (1999)

fourth book, comprises a collection
of 21 instruments to assess and measure caring and received
the American Journal of Nursing Book of the Year Award.

fifth book, Caring Science as Sacred Science (2005)

Recent books include Measuring Caring: International

Research on Caritas as Healing (Nelson & Watson, 2011)

Creating a Caring Science Curriculum (Hills & Watson,

2011)
Human Caring Science: A Theory of Nursing (Watson,
2012)

Caring Science, Mindful Practice: Implementing

Watson’s Human Caring Theory (Sitzman & Watson, 2013)
NURSING CONCEPTS
 Nursing involves the application of ART and HUMAN
SCIENCE through TRANSPERSONAL TRANSACTIONS in order to
help the person achieve mind, body and soul. harmony.
 THEORETICAL SOURCES

Defines theory as an"an imaginative grouping of knowledge,ideas,and experience that are

represented symbolically and seek to illuminate a given phenomenon.
Nightingale's sense of deep commitment and calling to an ethic of human service.
Carl roger's phenomenological approch-nurses are not here to manipulate and control
others but rather to understand.
 7 ASSUMPTION OF THE CARING SCIENCE
1. Caring can be effectively demonstrated & practiced only Interpersonally.
2. Caring consists of carative factors that result in the satisfaction of certain human needs.
3. Effective caring promotes health an individual or family growth
4. Caring responses accept a person not only as he or she is now but as what he or she may become.

5.A caring environment is one that offers the development of potential while
allowing the person to choose the best action for himself at a given point in
time.
6. A science of caring is thereforecomplementary to the science of curing
7. The practice of caring is central to nursing.
USE OF EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE
Incorporate empiricism but emphasizes approaches that begin with nursing
phenomena rather than with the natural sciences (Leininger,1979).
Investsigated metaphor and poetry to communicate, convey, and elusidate
human caring and healing.
Increasingly incorporated her conviction that a scared relationship exist
betweenn humankind and the universe.
metaparadigm
 PERSON
-Valued person in and of themselves to be cared for, respected,
nurtured, understood, and assisted in general.

NURSING
-A science of persons and health-illness experience mediated by
professional, personal, scientific, and ethical care interactions.

HEALTH
-High level of overall physical, mental, and social functioning, a
general adaptive-maintenance level of daily functioning, the absence
of illness, or the presence of efforts leading to the absence of illness.
 SUB CONCEPTS

PHENOMENAL FIELD
-The totality of human experience of one’s in the world.

SELF
-The organized conceptual gestalt is composed of perceptions of
the characteristics of the “I” or “ME” and the perceptions of the
relationship of the “I” and “ME” to others and various aspects of life.

TIME
-Past, present, and future incidents merge and fuse.
 10 CARING NEED CARATIVE FACTORS
1. Forming humanistic-altruistic value systems
2. Instilling faith-hope
3. Cultivating a sensitivity to self and others
4. Developing a helping-trust relationship
5. Promoting an expression of feelings
6. Using problem-solving for decision-making
7. Promoting teaching-learning
8. Promoting a supportive environment
9. Assisting with the gratification of human needs
10. Allowing for existential-phenomenological forces from
that foundation.
 CARITAS PROCESSES
1. Practice of loving-kindness and equanimity within the context of caring consciousness
2. Being authentically Present and enabling and sustaining the deep belief system and subjective life-
world of self and one being cared of
3. Cultivation of one's own spiritual practices and transpersonal self, going beyond the ego self
4. Developing and sustaining a helping trusting authentic caring relationship
5. Being present to and and supportive of the expression of positive and negative feelings as a
connection with deeper spirit and and self and the one being-cared of
6. Creative use of self and all ways of knowing as part of the caring process; To engage in the artistry of
caring -healing practices
7. Engaging in genuine teaching-learning experience that attends to unity of being and meaning,
attempting to stay within others frame of reference
8. Creating healing environment at all levels (physical as well as nonphysical, subtle environment of
energy and consciousness, whereby wholeness, beauty, comfort, dignity and peace are potentiated)
9. Assisting with basic needs, with an intentional caring consciousness, administering human care
essentials which potentiate alignment of mind Body spirit, wholeness and unity of being In all aspects of
care
10. Opening and attending to spiritual-mysterious and existential dimensions of one's own life-death;
soul care
for self and the one-being-cared of
THEORITICAL
ASSERTIONS
 NURSING
"Knowledge, thought, values, philosophy, commitment, and action with some
degree of passion"
PERSON
"A unity of mind/body/spirit nature"
"Personhood is tied to notions that one's soul posseses a body that is not confined
by objective time and space"
HEALTH
" Unity and harmony within the mind, body and soul associated with the degree of
congruence self as perceived and the self as experience. "
ENVIRONMENT
" Attending to supportive, protective, and mental,physical,societal, and spiritual
environment"
 ASSUMPTIONS
1. Caring can be effectively demonstrated and practiced only
Interpersonally.
2. Caring consists of carative factors that result in the satisfaction of
certain human needs.
3. Effective caring promotes health and individual or family growth.
4. Caring responses accept the patient as he or she is now, as well as
what he or she may become.
5. A caring environment offers the development of potential while
allowing the patient to choose the best action for themselves at a given
point in time.
6. The science of caring is complementary to the science of curing.
7.The practice of caring is central to nursing.
 WATSON'S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS
1. Lower-order biophysical needs or survival
needs
2. The lower-order psychophysical needs or
functional needs
3. The higher-order psychosocial needs or
integrative needs
4. The higher-order intrapersonal-
interpersonal need or growth-seeking need.
APPLICATION
BY:NURSING
COMMUNITY
 PRACTICE
•Watson's theory has been validated
in outpatient,inpatient,and
community health clinical settings
and with various
populations,including recent
applications with attention to patient
care essentials.
 ADMINISTRATION/LEADERSHIP
•Watson's theory calls for administrative
practices and business models to embrace
caring
•challenges in that addresses health care
delivery system reform uses watson's
theory of human caring for administrative
as a solution to these problem.
 EDUCATION
•Watson's writing focus on educating
graduate nursing students and
providing them
ontological,ethical,and
epistemological bases for their
practice,along with research
directions.
 RESEACRH
Qualitative,naturalistic,and penomenological
methods are relevant to the study of caring and
to the development of nusing as a human science
Watson's suggest that a combination of
qualitative-quantitative inquiry maybe useful.
Watson's theory opens up challenging door that
leads researches and scholars to determine the
attributes of a "CARITAS NURSE".
 FURTHER DEVELOPMENT
Watson's recent writings update her
theory(Watson,2012),review caaring
measurements(Nelson&Watson,2012)a
nd guide the creation of caring science
curriculum(Hins&Watson,2011).
 WATSON'S
THEORY:APPLYING
TO NURSING CARE
THE ANALYSIS
1.Clarity ..watson theory is easily read ,used non technical but sophisticated
language
. Lengthy phrases and sentence need to be read more than once to gain meaning
.the reader of the theory enhanced to understand philosophy
2. Simplicity. The reader must understanding of a variety of subjects to understand
the theory , it is complex when considering the existential phenomenological forces
of her theory and multidiscipline derivation of her concept
3. Generality . The scope of the framework encompasses all aspects of health illness
continuum.
. In addition the theory addresses aspects of preventing illness and experiencing a
peaceful death thereby increasing its generality
.it is about more about being more than doing .
4. Accessibility .Watson described her theory as descriptive , she acknowledges the
evolving nature of the theory and welcome input from others although the theory
does not lend itself easily to research conducted through traditional scientific
method recent work has focused on intervention development and measurement
stretch to validate the theory through quantitative or mixed method design
importance of the theory of
jean watson
PRACTICE
Prevent disease and disability
Manage symptoms of illness
Enhance end-of-life care

EDUCATION
Endorsing the principles of human caring as the foundation or
guide for nursing profession is one way to ensure that caring is
important to the patients experience.
Improving caring behavior and job involvement.

Research
IMPORTANCE OF
THE THEORY
Upholding Watson's caring theory not only allows
the nurse to practice the art of caring, to provide
compassion to ease patients' and families'
suffering, and to promote their healing and
dignity but it can also contribute to expand the
nurse's own actualization
Jean Watson contends that caring regenerates life
energies and potentiates our capabilities. The benefits
are immeasurable and promote self-actualization on
both a personal and professional level. Caring is a
mutually beneficial experience for both the patient and
the nurse, as well as between all health team members.
Group 7
Members:
Ludovice, Eurica Joyce
Macasinag, Cristy
Malvar, Ashe
Mendiola, Irah Joyce
Monilla, Daniela