Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 21 views

    Eigenvalues

    Uploaded by

    yashsonone25
    This document discusses eigenvalues and eigenvectors. It introduces functions to plot vectors and demonstrates transforming vectors with matrices. It then shows different methods for finding eigenvalues and eigenvectors, including the power method, QR decomposition, and using the eig() function in NumPy. These methods are applied to example matrices and the results are printed.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Eigenvalues

    Uploaded by

    yashsonone25
    21 views5 pages
    This document discusses eigenvalues and eigenvectors. It introduces functions to plot vectors and demonstrates transforming vectors with matrices. It then shows different methods for finding eigenvalues and eigenvectors, including the power method, QR decomposition, and using the eig() function in NumPy. These methods are applied to example matrices and the results are printed.

    Original Title

    eigenvalues

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document discusses eigenvalues and eigenvectors. It introduces functions to plot vectors and demonstrates transforming vectors with matrices. It then shows different methods for finding eigenvalues and eigenvectors, including the power method, QR decomposition, and using the eig() function in NumPy. These methods are applied to example matrices and the results are printed.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    21 views5 pages

    Eigenvalues

    Uploaded by

    yashsonone25
    This document discusses eigenvalues and eigenvectors. It introduces functions to plot vectors and demonstrates transforming vectors with matrices. It then shows different methods for finding eigenvalues and eigenvectors, including the power method, QR decomposition, and using the eig() function in NumPy. These methods are applied to example matrices and the results are printed.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 5

    Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors

    [1]: import numpy as np


    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

    plt.style.use(”seaborn-v0_8-poster”)

    def plot_vect(x, b, xlim, ylim):


    ”””
    function to plot two vectors,
    x - the original vector
    b - the transformed vector
    xlim - the limit for x
    ylim - the limit for y
    ”””

    plt.figure(figsize = (6, 4))


    plt.quiver(0,0,x[0],x[1],\
    color=”k”,angles=”xy”,\
    scale_units=”xy”,scale=1,\
    label=”Original vector”)
    plt.quiver(0,0,b[0],b[1],\
    color=”g”,angles=”xy”,\
    scale_units=”xy”,scale=1,\
    label =”Transformed vector”)
    plt.xlim(xlim)
    plt.ylim(ylim)
    plt.xlabel(”X”)
    plt.ylabel(”Y”)
    plt.legend()
    plt.show()

    [2]: A = np.array([[2, 0],[0, 1]])


    x = np.array([[1],[1]])
    b = np.dot(A, x)
    plot_vect(x,b,(0,3),(0,2))

    1
    [3]: x = np.array([[1], [0]])
    b = np.dot(A, x)
    plot_vect(x,b,(0,3),(-0.5,0.5))

    2
    [4]: # Power Method

    def normalize(x):
    fac = abs(x).max()
    x_n = x / x.max()
    return fac, x_n

    [5]: x = np.array([0.4,1])
    x.max()

    [5]: 1.0

    [6]: from numpy.linalg import inv

    x = np.array([1, 1])
    a = np.array([[0, 2],
    [2, 3]])

    a_inv = inv(a)

    for i in range(100):
    x = np.dot(a_inv, x)
    lambda_1, x = normalize(x)

    print(”Eigenvalue:”, lambda_1)
    print(”Eigenvector:”, x)

    Eigenvalue: 2.0
    Eigenvector: [ 1. -0.5]

    [7]: from numpy.linalg import inv

    x = np.array([1, 1])
    a = np.array([[0, 2],
    [2, 3]])

    a_inv = inv(a)

    for i in range(100):
    x = np.dot(a_inv, x)
    lambda_1, x = normalize(x)

    print(”Eigenvalue:”, lambda_1)
    print(”Eigenvector:”, x)

    Eigenvalue: 2.0
    Eigenvector: [ 1. -0.5]

    3
    [8]: # QR method

    from numpy.linalg import qr

    a = np.array([[0, 2],
    [2, 3]])
    q, r = qr(a)
    print(”Q:”, q)
    print(”R:”, r)

    b = np.dot(q,r)
    print(”QR:”, b)
    print(b==a)

    Q: [[ 0. -1.]
    [-1. 0.]]
    R: [[-2. -3.]
    [ 0. -2.]]
    QR: [[0. 2.]
    [2. 3.]]
    [[ True True]
    [ True True]]

    [9]: # QR method

    a = np.array([[0, 2],
    [2, 3]])
    p = [1, 5, 10, 20,100]

    for i in range(100):
    q, r = qr(a)
    a = np.dot(r, q)

    if i+1 in p:
    print(f”\nIteration {i+1}:”)
    print(a)

    Iteration 1:
    [[3. 2.]
    [2. 0.]]

    Iteration 5:
    [[ 3.99998093 0.00976559]
    [ 0.00976559 -0.99998093]]

    Iteration 10:
    [[ 4.00000000e+00 9.53674316e-06]

    4
    [ 9.53674316e-06 -1.00000000e+00]]

    Iteration 20:
    [[ 4.00000000e+00 9.09482285e-12]
    [ 9.09494702e-12 -1.00000000e+00]]

    Iteration 100:
    [[ 4.00000000e+00 -1.24166995e-16]
    [ 6.22301528e-60 -1.00000000e+00]]

    [10]: # eig() in NumPy

    import numpy as np
    from numpy.linalg import eig

    a = np.array([[0,2],[2,3]])

    w,v = eig(a)

    print(f”Eigenvalues: {w}”)
    print(f”Eigenvectors: {v}”)

    Eigenvalues: [-1. 4.]


    Eigenvectors: [[-0.89442719 -0.4472136 ]
    [ 0.4472136 -0.89442719]]

    [ ]:

    You might also like