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    ASSIGNMENT

    Topic : Anti-diabetic activity of Catharanthus roseus.


    Name : Qurat-ul-ain
    Peoples University Of Medical And Health Sciences Nawabshah
    Email address : quratulain92army@gmail.com
    Article 1 : Catharanthus roseus cell cultures : growth, alkaloid synthesis and anti-diabetic activity.
    Reference : Ban, Y, Murakarni,Y, lwasawa, Y, Tsuchiya, M. and takano, N,(1988). Indole alkaloids in.
    Med. Res. rev.8, 231-308. Benjamin, B. D, Sipahimalani, A, T. and hable , M. R. (1990). Growth and
    alkaloid production in different cell linesof Catharanthus roseus (L) G DON. Indian J. Exp.Biol.28,516-518.
    Roe, J. H. (1955). The determination of sugar in blood and spinal fluid with anthrone reagent .J. Biol.
    Chem. 212,335-343.

    Article 2 : Effect of an anti-diabetic extract of Catharanthus roseus on enzymetic activity in


    streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.
    Reference : Anderson, J.W, 1974. Alterations in metabolic fate of glucose in the liver of diabetic
    animals. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 27, 746-755. Ashwell, G, 1957. Colorimetric analysis of
    sugars. Methods in enzymology 3, 378-386. Baker, J.R, Metcalf, P.A, Holdway, I.M, Johnson, R.N, 1985.
    Serum fructosamine as a measure of blood glucose control in type I (insulin dependent) diabetes
    mellitus. British Medical Journal 290, 352-355.

    Article 3 : Anti-diabetic and anti-oxidant properties of alkaloids from Catharanthus roseus (L).
    Reference : Van Bergen, M.A; Snoeijer, W. Revision of catharanthus G. Don. Series of revisions of
    Apocynaceae XLI; Backhuys Publishers: Leiden, The Netherlands, 1996: pp.32-35. Don, G. Catharanthus
    roseus. In medicinal plants of the world; Ross, I.A, Ed; human press: totwaNJ, USA, 1999; pp.109-118.

    Article 4 : Antihyperglycemic activity of Catharanthus roseus leaf powder in streptozotocin induced


    diabetic rats.
    Reference : Alberti KG, Zimmet PZ. New diagnostic criteria and classification of diabetes again. Diabet
    Med. 1998;15;535-6. Piedrola G, Novo E, Escobar F, Garcia robles R. White blood cell count and insulin
    resistance in patients with coronary artery disease. Ann endocrinol (Paris) 2001;62:7-10. Valiathan MS.
    Healing plants. Curr Sci. 1998;75:112-6.

    Article 5 : Anti-diabetic and hypolipidemic effects of different fractions of Catharanthus roseus (L) on
    normal and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.
    Reference : M. N. David, M. James, and E. S. Daniel, Lancet 350 S14. L. Luzi, New Eng. J. Med. 339, 115
    (1998). A. G. Gilman and L. S. Goodman, The Pharmacological Basis of Basis of Therapeutics, 5th Edition.
    A. Momin, in role of indigenous medicine in primary health care. Proc of first Int. Seminar on unani
    medicine (New delhi, India, 1987).
    Summary
    Topic : Anti-diabetic activity of Catharanthus roseus.
    Catharanthus roseus suspension extract were made and injected in three different cell lines. All three
    cultures growth, alkaloid synthesis and anti-diabetic effect was checked at different levels. The cultures
    show a slight growth and very little alkaloid synthesis. But the anti-diabetic effect produced was
    remarkable in all three cultures.

    Hypoglycemic activity was detected in dichloromethane:methanol extract (1:1) of leaves and twigs
    of Catharanthus roseus , a traditionally used medicinal plant, using streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic
    rat model. Extract at dose 500 mg/kg given orally for 7 and 15 days showed 48.6 and 57.6%
    hypoglycemic activity, respectively. Prior treatment at the same dose for 30 days provided complete
    protection against STZ challenge (75 mg/kg). Enzymic activities of glycogen synthase, glucose 6-
    phosphate-dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase were decreased in
    liver of diabetic animals in comparison to normal and were significantly improved after treatment with
    extract at dose 500 mg/kg p.o. for 7 days.

    Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don is a herbal plant traditionally used by local populations in India, South
    Africa, China and Malaysia to treat diabetes. The present study reports the in vitro antioxidant and
    antidiabetic activities of the major alkaloids isolated from Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don leaves extract.
    Four alkaloids—vindoline I, vindolidine II, vindolicine III and vindolinine IV—were isolated and identified
    from the dichloromethane extract (DE) of this plant’s leaves. The three alkaloids show no cytotoxic
    effect on beta pancreatic cells, but have anti-diabetic effect.

    Catharanthus roseus is a traditional medicinal plant used to control diabetes, in various regions of the
    world. In this study we evaluated the possible antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effect of C. roseus leaf
    powder in diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 55
    mg/kg body wt) to male Wistar rats. The animals were divided into four groups: Control, control-treated,
    diabetic, and diabetic-treated group. Diabetic-treated and control-treated rats were treated with C.
    roseus leaf powder suspension in 2 ml distilled water, orally (100 mg/kg body weight). In diabetic rats
    (D-group) the plasma glucose was increased and the plasma insulin was decreased gradually. In the
    diabetic-treated group lowering of plasma glucose and an increase in plasma insulin were observed after
    15 days and by the end of the experimental period the plasma glucose had almost reached the normal
    level. The herb has potential effect in controlling blood glucose level.

    The antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effects of petroleum-ether, ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions
    from ethanolic extract of the leaves of Catharanthus roseus were investigated in normal and
    streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (SIDRs). Single doses (150 mg/kg) of C. roseus extracts in the
    fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels were determined in normal and SIDRs and serum triglyceride (TG)
    and serum total cholesterol (TC) levels were determined. In normoglycemic rats and in SIDRs,
    petroleum-ether and ethyl acetate fraction of C. roseus reduced blood glucose level significantly. In
    case of hypolipidemic effects, all fractions reduced serum total cholesterol but the ethyl acetate
    fraction of C. roseus was the most effective.

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