Topics

 Definitions
 Proportioning Stairs
 Requirements of Good stair
 Types of Stairs
 Numerical
Definitions
1. Stair & Stair case or Stairwell or Stairway
2. Flight
3. Tread & Rise
4. Going or Run
5. Step
6. Landing
7. Balusters & Balustrade
8. Hand rail
9. Newel or Newel post
10. Soffit
11. Fliers & Winders
12. Pitch or slope
13. Waist slab
Definitions
1. Stair & Stair case or Stairwell or Stairway
A building component which provides access
from floor to floor is called stair. The space
occupied by stair in a building is called Stair case
or Stairwell or Stairway.
2. Flight
A series of steps without an intervening platform
is called flight.
3. Tread & Rise
The horizontal & vertical top surfaces of
subcomponents (steps) of stair are called Tread
& Rise.
Definitions
4. Going or Run
The horizontal distance between any two
adjacent risers is called Going or Run.
5. Step
The combination of Tread & Rise is called Step.
6. Landing
The horizontal platform provided between two
flights is called landing
Definitions
7. Balusters & Balustrade
The vertical members provided between steps
and hand rail are called Balusters and the
framework of handrail and balusters is called
balustrade.
8. Hand Rail
It is the Inclined member at convenient height
(2’-9” to 3’) providing safeguard to user is called
handrail
9. Newel or Newel post
The thicker baluster provided at start, turning and
end of stair is called Newel or Newel post.
10. Soffit
The under surface of stair is called soffit
Definitions
11. Fliers & Winders
The steps of uniform width are called fliers
And steps of no uniform width are called
winders.
12. Pitch or slope
The inclination of line of nosing with respect to
floor or landing is called pitch.
13. Waist slab
The concrete slab provided to support steps is
called waist slab.
Proportioning Stairs
The rise and run of a stair are determined by
arbitrary rules given as follows.
1. Sum of Rise & Run should not be less than
17 in or more than 18 in
2. Twice the Rise + Run should not be less
than 24 in or more than 25 in.
3. The product of rise & run should not be less
than 70 or more than 75.
4. The product of rise and square root of run
should be equal to 23.5.
 Requirements of Good stair

 A good stair should fulfill the following requirements

 It should be well proportionate and designed.
 It should be centrally located in residential buildings and a
no of stairs should be provided at corners of a commercial
or educational building.
 Fliers should be used.
 Pitch of stair should range between 25o to 40o.
 Minimum width of stair is 3’-6” (1 m)
 No of steps should be 3 to 12 in one flight.
 Hand rail should be at convenient height i.e. 0.75 m to 0.85
m.
 Good material & workman ship should be used for
construction.
 It should be ventilated and properly located.
Types of Stairs
 Stairs can be classified as follows
 With respect to Layout
 With respect to Materials.
Types of Stairs
With respect to Layout
Following are the types
1. Straight flight
2. Quarter turn
3. Half turn
4. Geometrical
5. Circular
6. Bifurcating
7. Spiral
Types of Stairs
1. Straight flight
This type of stairs run from one floor to other in
one direction. Used for narrow staircases.
2. Quarter turn
It turn through 90o and used where width of
staircase is more but length is limited.
3. Half turn
It turns through 180o it can be of three types
i. Dog Legged Stair
ii. Open well with half space landing
iii. Open well with two quarter space landings
 Types of Stairs

1. Geometrical
This stair in which a curved shape well is provided.
Used for single or double story buildings.
2. Circular
This stair is constructed in a circular shape Stair
case. Used where limited space is available.
3. Bifurcating Stairs
Bottom flight is divided into two relatively narrow
flights.
Used for assembly halls, railways foot bridges etc.
4. Spiral
Stair with a central post to support winder shaped
steps provided all around the post.
Types of Stairs
 With respect to Materials
 Wooden stairs
 Stone Stairs
 Metal Stairs
 RC Stairs
 Brick Stairs
Stair

Ba
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Spiral
Stairs

Ba
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Back
Wooden
Stairs
Concrete
Stairs

Ba
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Concrete
Stairs

Back
Steel
Stairs

Back
RC Slab & Beam Type Stairs

Ba
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RC Slab &
Beam Type
Stairs

Ba
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Brick Stairs

Ba
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Checkered Plates (Non slippery plates)
Spiral Stairs
Spiral Stairs
Bifurcating
Stairs
Spiral
Stair
Spiral Stairs
WOODEN STAIRS
 It consists of
 Stringers
 Tread & Riser planks. (Fliers and Winders)
 Balusters and newel posts.
 Hand rail
 landing
 Tongue & grove joints are provided between the tread & risers.
 Minimum size of stringer is 25 cm x 2.8 cm (10” x 1-1/4”)
 Plank thickness for
 Tread = 3.2 cm (1-1/4”)
 Riser = 1.6 cm (5/8”)
 Projected nosing should not be greater than the thickness of
tread.
 Ornamental molding or other finishes can be used for nosing.
 USE Straight flight, quarter turn, half turn or as geometrical
stairs
Types of Stringers in Wooden
stairs
 Closed stringers
 Straight edge planks covers the tread and risers.
 Open stringers
 Stringers surface matches the tread rise formation
 Rough stringers
 Used for wide stairs as intermediate support for
steps.
 Wreathed stringers
 Used in geometrical stairs
Stone Stairs
 It consists of dressed stone blocks or slabs.
 TYPES
 They are of three types.
1. Rectangular or square steps
Rectangular or square blocks or stones. Rebated or
checked joints are provided.
1. Built up steps
5 cm (2”) thick stone slabs are provided. Dowels and cramps
in cs mortar are provided for strength.
2. Spandril steps
rebated stone blocks of triangular shapes are provided, used
for regular flight.
Metal Stairs
PARTS
 Stringers
 Treads and risers
 Non slippery metal plates
TYPES
tread surface defines the types
1. Checkred plate tread stairs
non slippery plate provided as tread.
2. Stone slab tread stairs
stone slab is provided as tread
3. Concrete slab tread stairs
concrete steps with metal nosing are provided.
4. Spiral Stairs
It is provided as a central pipe newel and steps all arround.
USE
used where wear tear is more.
Fire proof construction is required
In factories, railway stations, power houses etc.
CONCRETE STAIRS
 They can be of two types
1. PCC stairs
2. RC stairs
 PCC stairs are spandril type
 RC stairs are of three types.
1. Slab & beam type
2. Cantilever type
3. Slab type
Brick Stairs
 Stairs made of brick masonry are called
brick stairs
 1-1/2 brick wide treads are provided
 Use in ordinary buildings.
Numerical
 Stair Proportioning
 Given Data
1. Story height = 2.62 m
2. Total going = 2.75 m
3. Find
4. No of flights
5. No. of steps
6. Width of landing (if any)
7. Sizes of riser and treads
 Type of building = residential
Solution
 For residential buildings trial size of step
 25 cm x 16 cm

 No of risers = (Total story height)/Riser

 = (2.62)/0.16
 = 16.25 say 16
 As no of risers are more than 12 so
 No of flights = 2
 Steps in each flight = 8
 Riser value = 2.62/16 = 16.375 cm
 Tread width = 400/16.375 = 24.4 cm say 25 cm
 No of goings in each flight = No of risers -1 = 8-1 = 7
 Total going for steps= 0.25*7 = 1.75 m
 Width of landing = Total Going – total Going for steps
 = 2.75-1.75
 =1m
 CHECK
 As 55 cm ≤ 2R+G ≤ 60 cm

 2(16.375)+0.25 = 57.75 cm …….. OK

Hand Rail & Balustrade

Ba
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Stairs
 Useful link

 http://www.stairwaysinc.com/index.html