M.A. - M.SC - Geog - I Year - For Affiliated College Syllabi

M. A. / M. Sc.
Geography (Syllabus for Affiliated Colleges) First Year (as per NEP 2020)
SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY, PUNE

(Formerly University of Pune)
Two Year Post Graduate Programme in Geography

(Faculty of Science & Technology)
Choice Based Credit System (CBCS)
Syllabi for
M. A. / M. Sc. Geography (First Year)
(For Affiliated Colleges to Savitribai Phule Pune University)
Syllabus as per the guidelines of National Education Policy 2020

To be implemented from Academic Year 2023-2024
Savitribai Phule Pune University BOS, Geography 1|Page

M. A. / M. Sc. Geography (Syllabus for Affiliated Colleges) First Year (as per NEP 2020)

SyllabiasperNEP2020 for
M.A./M.Sc.(Geography)Part–I
Two Year - IV Semester award PG Degree on completion of 88 credits
or
One Year - PG Degree (44 credits) after Four Year UG Degree (UG Honors)
Title of the Programme: M.A. / M.Sc. Geography
Preamble:
Introduction:
National Education Policy 2020 lays particular emphasis on the development of creative
potential of each individual. It is based on the principle that education must develop not only
cognitive capacities - both the ‘foundational capacities’ of literacy and numeracy and ‘higher-
order’ cognitive capacities, such as critical thinking and problem solving – but also social,
ethical, and emotional capacities and dispositions. On behalf of new education policy Savitribai
Phule Pune University has decided to change the syllabi of various faculties from June 2023.
Taking into consideration the rapid changes in science and technology and new approaches in
different areas of Geography and related subjects, Board of Studies in Geography after a
thorough discussion with the teachers of Geography from different colleges affiliated to the
Savitribai Phule Pune University and all stakeholders has prepared the syllabus of M. A. / M. Sc.
Semester - I and Semester- II (w.e.f. 2023-2024) Geography programme under the Choice Based
Credit System (CBCS). The model curriculum as developed by NEP 2020 is used as a guideline
for the present syllabi. The syllabi focus on credits related to major core, major elective, research
methodology, internship/On job training and research projects.
Aims and Objectives of the new curriculum:
i. To update the curriculum as per the NEP 2020.
ii. To incorporate recent development in the field of Geography.
iii. To enhance the quality and standards of knowledge of Geography.
iv. To create an aptitude for Geography in those students who show a promise for higher
studies and creative work in Geography.

v. Even if a student takes exit after 1st year, he will be provided with job opportunities with
required skill set.
vi. Create confidence in other, for equipping themselves with that part of Geography which is
needed for various branches of Sciences or Humanities in which they have aptitude for
higher studies and original work.
vii. Provide job oriented skills to the students with multiple entry and exit option.
viii. To create research culture and on job training for made a competent students for Indian
future.
ix. To inculcate the interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approach in the curriculum.
x. To enhance employability and entrepreneurship skill among the students.
xi. To develop research and innovative skill among the students.
Programme Specific Outcome (PSO):
On completion of the Two-year Post Graduation in Geography, students will:
1. Possess an enriched and comprehensive knowledge of Geography and its practical
applications across various disciplines.
2. Develop a strong sense of environmental values, being well-informed about sustainable
development goals, as well as various cross-cutting issues affecting our planet.
3. Augment their skills in spatial analysis through the application of statistical techniques,
geospatial tools, and by keeping abreast of emerging trends, theories, and models in the
field.
4. Be able to analyze, compare, and critically evaluate concepts and content relevant to
competitive examinations and global contexts, nurturing a deeper understanding of global
issues.
5. Demonstrate knowledge and expertise in field excursions, advanced surveying techniques
and digital map-making, aiding them to interpret and represent geographical data
effectively.
6. Be proficient in research writing, preparing manuscripts, and designing research projects.
7. Develop essential employability and entrepreneurship skills, making them well-prepared
for market jobs or for establishing their own endeavors in relevant fields.
8. Apply geographical knowledge, tools, and techniques to address various geo-
environmental and human challenges, contributing to effective problem-solving.
9. Recognize the significance of resource management, regional planning, and sustainable
development, ensuring responsible and informed decision-making.
10. Prioritize diverse emerging issues, trends and techniques effectively in real-time
geographical problems, leading to positive contributions to both society and the
environment.


Syllabi as per NEP 2020 for
M.A. / M.Sc. (Geography) Part–I (CBCS)
Two Year - IV Semester award PG Degree on completion of 88 credits
or
One Year - PG Degree (44 credits) after Four Year UG Degree (UG Honors)
M. A./ M. Sc. Geography Semester I
Semester
Group
Level
Credits Total
Course Code Course Name
Credits
T P
Major GEO 501 MJ Principles of Geomorphology 02 -- 02
Core GEO 502 MJ Principles of Climatology 02 -- 02
GEO 503 MJ Principles of Economic Geography 02 -- 02
GEO 504 MJ Principles of Population and Settlement 02 -- 02
Geography
GEO 505 MJ Introduction to Statistical Methods in 02 -- 02
Geography
GEO 506 MJP Practicals in Physical Geography -- 02 02
GEO 507 MJP Practicals in Human Geography -- 02 02
Total credits related to Major Core 10 04 14
First Semester
Major Group A
Elective GEO 510 MJ Introduction to Geographic Information 02 -- 02
6.0
(Select System
any one GEO 511 MJP Practicals in Geographic Information -- 02 02
group) System
Group B
GEO 512 MJ Tourism Management 02 -- 02
GEO 513 MJP Practicals in Tourism Management -- 02 02
Group C
GEO 514 MJ Geography of Soil 02 -- 02
GEO 515 MJP Practicals in Soil Analysis -- 02 02
Total Credits related to Major Electives 02 02 04
Research GEO 531 RM Research Methodology 04 -- 04
Methodology
Semester I- Total Credits 16 06 22
Vertical Group (Semester - I) Credit for Credit for Total Credit

Theory Practical
Total Credits related to Major Core 10 04 14
Research Methodology 04 -- 04
Total Credits 16 06 22

Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune

M.A. / M. Sc. Syllabus in Geography (as per NEP 2020)
Syllabus (from June, 2023)
M. A./M. Sc. Geography Semester II
Semester
Credits Total
Group

Level
Credits
T P
Major GEO 551 MJ Core Special–1 (Theory) 04 -- 04
Core (Select any one as per specialization
from following)
A. Fluvial Geomorphology
B. Synoptic Climatology
C. Agricultural Geography
D. Population Geography
GEO 552 MJP Core Special– 1 (Practical) -- 02 02

(Select any one as per specialization
from following)
A. Practicals in Fluvial Geomorphology
B. Practicals in Synoptic Climatology
C. Practicals in Agricultural Geography
D. Practicals in Population Geography
Second Semester
GEO 553 MJ Geographical Thought 02 -- 02
GEO 554 MJ Core Special – 2 (Theory) 04 -- 04

6.0

from following)
A. Coastal Geomorphology
B. Agro-Meteorology
C. Geography of Development
D. Geography of Rural Settlement
GEO 555 MJP Core Special - 2 (Practical) --- 02 02

from following)
A. Practicals in Coastal Geomorphology
B. Practicals in Agro-Meteorology
C. Practicals in Geography of Development
D. Practicals in Geography of Rural
Settlement
Total credits related to Major Core 10 04 14

Major Group A
Elective GEO 560 MJ Introduction to Remote Sensing 02 -- 02
(Select GEO 561 MJP Practicals in Remote Sensing -- 02 02
any Group B
one GEO 562 MJ Geography of India 02 -- 02
group) GEO 563 MJP Practicals in Surveying -- 02 02
Group C
GEO 564 MJ Political Geography 02 -- 02
GEO 565 MJP Practicals in Digital Cartography -- 02 02
On Job GEO 581 OJT On Job Training 04
Training (Student should complete on job training not less than
60 clock hours)
Sem. II Total Credits=Major Core + Major Elective + OJT 12 06 22
Vertical Group (Semester - II) Credit for Credit for Total Credit
Theory Practical
On Job Training -- -- 04
Total Credits 12 06+ 04 22
Note:- Students will be awarded PG Degree on completion of two year- IV semester. (88
Credits)

M. A./ M. Sc. Geography (Syllabus for Affiliated Colleges) Second Year (as per NEP 2020)

(Formerly University of Pune)
Two Year Post Graduate Programme in Geography

(Faculty of Science and Technology)
Syllabi for
M. A. / M. Sc. Geography (Second Year)
Syllabus as per the guidelines of National Education Policy 2020

To be implemented from Academic Year 2023-2024

M.A. / M.Sc. (Geography) Part – II
Two Year, IV Semester award PG Degree on completion of 88 credits
or
One Year -PG Degree (44 credits) after Four Year UG Degree (UG Honors)
M. A./ M. Sc. Geography Semester III
Semester
Credits Total
Group

Level
Credits
T P
Major GEO 601 MJ Core Special–3 (Theory) 04 -- 04
Core (Select any one as per specialization
from following)
1. Tropical Geomorphology
2. Monsoon Climatology
3. Geography of Development II
4. Urban Geography
GEO 602 MJP Core Special– 3 (Practical) -- 02 02
from following)
1. Practicals in Tropical Geomorphology
2. Practicals in Monsoon Climatology
3. Practicals in Geography of
Development- II
Third Semester
4. Practicals in Urban Geography

GEO 603 MJ Watershed Management 02 -- 02
6.5
GEO 604 MJ Core Special – 4 (Theory) 04 -- 04

from following)
1. Applied Geomorphology
2. Applied Climatology
3. Advances in Economic Geography
4. Geography of Migration
GEO 605 MJP Special Paper - 4 (Practical) -- 02 02
from following)
1. Practicals in Applied Geomorphology
2. Practicals in Applied Climatology
3. Practicals in Advances in Economic
Geography
4. Practicals in Geography of Migration

Major Group A
ElectiveGEO 610 MJ Advances in Geoinformatics 02 -- 02
(Select GEO 611 MJP Practicals in Geoinformatics -- 02 02
any one Group B
group) GEO 612 MJ Geography of Resource Management 02 -- 02
GEO 613 MJP Practicals in Resource Management -- 02 02
Group C
GEO 614 MJ Regional Planning and Development 02 -- 02
GEO 615 MJP Practicals in Applied Statistics -- 02 02
Research
Project GEO 631 RP Research Project (RP) 04
Sem. III- Total Credits=Major Core+ Major Elective + RP 12 06 22
Vertical Group (Semester - III) Credit for Credit for Total Credit
Theory Practical
Research Project 04
Total Credits 12 06 +04 22

M.A. / M.Sc. (Geography) Part–II (from June, 2024)
M. A. /M. Sc. Geography Semester IV

Semester
Credits Total
Group

Level
Credits
T P
Major GEO 651 MJ Social and Cultural Geography 04 -- 04
Core
GEO 652 MJ Geography of Disaster Management 04 -- 04
GEO 653 MJP Practical in Watershed Management -- 02 02

GEO 654 MJP Interpretation of Topographical Maps -- 02 02
Total credit related to Major Core 08 04 12

Major Group A
Fourth Semester
Elective GEO 660 MJ Advance Surveying 02 -- 02

(Select
GEO 661 MJP Practicals in Advance Surveying -- 02 02
6.5
any one
group)
Group B
GEO 662 MJ Geography of Maharashtra 02 -- 02
GEO 663 MJP Practicals in Energy Audit -- 02 02
Group C
GEO 664 MJ Environmental Laws 02 -- 02
GEO 665 MJP Practicals in Green Audit -- 02 02

Research
GEO 681 RP Research Project 06
Project
Sem. IV Total Credits =Major Core + Major Elective + RP 10 06 22
Vertical Group (Semester - IV) Credit for Credit for Total Credit
Theory Practical
Research Project 06
Total Credits 10 06+06 22
Savitribai Phule Pune University BOS, Geography 10 | P a g e

M. A./ M. Sc. Geography First Year (Sem. I) (as per NEP 2020)
M. A. / M. Sc. Geography – I (Semester - I)

GEO 501 MJ: Principles of Geomorphology
Group Course Course and Course title Total No of Total
Semester
vertical type Course code credit periods lectures

Year
(V) per
week
Major Theory GEO 501 MJ Principles of
I I 02 30 02
Core Geomorphology
Objectives of the course:

1. To develop interest amongst the students to capture the richness of landform types
and the pleasure to understand how they form.
2. To discuss the interactions between landforms, geomorphic processes, and humans.
3. To acquaint students to applications of geomorphology to the solution of
miscellaneous problems, especially to the development of resources and the
diminution of hazards to planning, conservation and specific engineering or
environmental issues.
Number
Topic
Topic Name Sub Topic of
No.
Periods
i. Definitions, Nature and Scope of Geomorphology
Introduction to ii. Branches of Geomorphology
1 iii. Geological Time Scale 04
Geomorphology
iv. Distribution of Continents and Oceans
i. Earth’s Interior: Layers Based on Physical and
Chemical Properties
Geomorphology ii. Continental Drift Theory
2 10
and Tectonics iii. Plate Tectonics: Plate Boundaries and
Subduction Zone
i. Earth’s Movement: Endogenic and Exogenic Forces
: Meaning, Types and Examples
The Dynamic
3 ii. Weathering: Types and Related Landforms 10
Earth
iii. Mass Movement: Types:- Landslide, Rock fall
iv. Rocks: Types and Characteristics
i. Introduction of Applied Geomorphology
Applied ii. Slopes and landslides
4 06
Geomorphology iii. Concept of Hazard and Risk
iv. Geotourism

Course Outcome:
By the completion of the course, students will be able to;
COs 1: Define the field of Geomorphology and explain the essential principles of it.
COs 2: Illustrate and explain the forces affecting the crust of the Earth and gain
knowledge about Earth’s interior.
COs 3: Develop an idea about systems and cycles of the solid Earth
COs 4: Explain the evolution of continents and ocean basin
COs 5: Co-relate the Endogenic and Exogenic forces controlling landform development.
COs 6: Compare the mountain building activities processes of weathering and mass
movement
COs 7: Develop research interest to solve critical and emerging issues of
Geomorphology
Reference Books:
1. Allison, R.J. (2005): Applied Geomorphology: Theory and Practice, Wiley, New
York.
2. Bloom, A.L. (2012): Geomorphology- A Systematic Analysis of Late Cenozoic
Landforms, Prentice-Hall of India, New Delhi
3. Chorley, R.J., Schumm, S. A. and Sugden, D. E. (1984): Geomorphology, Methuen,
London.
4. Christiansen E.H. and Hamblin, W.K. (2008): The Earths dynamic systems
Macmillan, New York and Collier Macmillan London.
5. Gregory, K.J. and Goudie, A.S. (2014): The SAGE Handbook of Geomorphology,
SAGE, London.
6. Holmes, (1944): Principles of Physical Geology, Thomas Nelson and Sons Ltd,
London.
7. Huggett, R.J. (2008): Fundamentals of Geomorphology, Routledge, London and New
York.
8. Kale, V.S. (2014): Landscapes and Landforms of India, Springer, London/New York.
9. Kale, V. S. and Gupta, A. (2010): Introduction to Geomorphology, Universities Press,
Hyderabad


GEO 502 MJ: Principles of Climatology
No. of Total
Semester
Group Course
Year
Course Total Periods lectures

Vertical & Course Title
Type Credits (01 Hrs. per
(V) Course Code
lecture) week
Major Principles of
I I Theory GEO 502 MJ 02 30 02
Core Climatology
Objectives of the Course:

1. To promote understanding of basic principles of atmosphere and climate.
2. To motivate to pursue the comprehensive study of climatology and meteorology.
3. To develop scientific insight into role of climate in natural and human resources.
4. To asses and understand the influences of various factors on the weather in the short
and long term period.
Topic Topic Name Sub Topic No. of

No. periods
i. Meteorology and Climatology
Introduction to
1 ii. Nature and Scope of Climatology 5
Climatology
iii. Development of Climatology
i. Composition of atmosphere
Earth’s
2 ii. Structure of atmosphere 5
Atmosphere
iii. Ozone layer depletion
i. Solar and terrestrial radiation
ii. Electromagnetic spectrum
iii. Factors affecting insolation
Insolation and iv. Greenhouse effect
3 10
Temperature v. Heat budget
vi. Temperature measurements and controls
vii. Lapse rate
viii. Temperature inversion: Concept and Types
i. Pressure measurement and distribution
ii. Factors affecting horizontal distribution of
pressure
Atmospheric iii. General circulation of the atmosphere
Pressure and iv. Geostropic wind and Gradient wind
4 10
Atmospheric v. Cyclones and Anticyclone
Moisture vi. Atmospheric moisture
vii. Hydrologic cycle
viii. Forms of condensation
ix. Measurement of humidity

Course Outcome:
By the completion of the course, student will be able to:
COs 1: Acquainted with the role of climate in the formation of complex interactive earth
systems.
COs 2: Understand various contemporary climatic issues particularly climate change,
flood, drought, cyclones etc.
COs 3: Demonstrate scientific explanation of weather and climate patterns in different
parts of the world.
COs 4: Examine causes and processes influencing the climatic variations and the
impact of climate on humans or vice-versa.
Reference Books:
1. Ahrens, C. D., & Henson, R. (2016): Essentials of Meteorology: An invitation to
the atmosphere, Cengage Learning.
2. Critchfield, H. J.(2010): General Climatology, Prentice Hall, New Delhi.
3. Lal, D. S. (2014): Climatology, Chaitanya Publishing House, Allahabad.
4. Lutgens, F. K., Tarbuck, E. J., Herman, R., &Tasa, D. G. (2018): The Atmosphere:
An introduction to Meteorology. Pearson Prentice Hall, New Jersey.
5. Oliver, J. E. &Hidore, J. J. (2003): Climatology: An Atmospheric Science, Pearson
Education, Delhi.
6. Rohli, R. V., & Vega, A. J. (2018): Climatology, Jones & Bartlett Publishers.
7. Savindra Singh (2005): Climatology, Prayag Pustak Bhawan, Allahabad.
8. Singh, S. (2005): Climatology, Prayag Pustak Bhawan, Allahabad.
9. Trewartha, G. T.: Introduction to Weather and Climate.

GEO 503 MJ: Principles of Economic Geography
Semester No. of
Group Course Total
Year
Course Total Periods

Vertical & Course Title lectures
Type Credits (01 Hrs.
(V) Course Code per week
lecture)
Principles of
Major
I I Theory GEO 503 MJ Economic 02 30 02
Core
Geography

1. To simplify fundamental concepts to Economics
2. To realize theories and models of Economic Geography
3. To aware about the basic economical concepts.
4. To understand emerging concepts in the field of Economic Geography.
Topic No. of
Topic Name Sub Topic
No. periods
i. Definition, Nature and Scope of Economic
Geography
ii. Types of Economic Activities
01 Introduction 05
iii. Recent Trends and Issues of Economic
Geography
i. Rostow’s Model of Economic Growth

ii. Von Thunens Model of Agricultural Land
02 Model and Use 10
Theories iii. Weber’s Theory of Industrial Location
i. Economic Landscape
Concepts in ii. Economic System
03 Economic iii. New Economic Geography 07
Geography iv. New liberalism
i. Concept of Trading bloc

ii. Concept of Region
04 Emerging Concepts iii. Concept of Consumption function 08
iv. Geography of Cyber Space
Total Periods 30

Course Outcome:
By the completion of the course, students will be able to:
COs 1: Understand with the fundamental ideas of economic geography.
COs 2: Explain the theories and models in Economic Geography.
COs 3: Illustrate concepts of Economic Geography.
COs 4: Explain the emerging concepts of Economic Geography.
References:
1. Chatterjee K., (2015): Basics of Economic Geography, Concept Publishing Company,
Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi, India.
2. K. Siddhartha., (2018): Economic Geography, Kitab Mahal, India.
3. Majid Husain., (2016): Models in Geography, Rawat Publications, India.
4. S. K. Shelar., (2013): Principles of Economic Geography, Kanpur
ChandralokPrakashan, India.
5. Uma Kapila.,(2022):Indian Economy Performance and Policies Academic
Foundation, India.
6. Y. S. Chander., (2010): Developmental Geography and Economic Theory, Swastik
Publications, India.

M. A./ M. Sc. Geography First Year (Sem. I) (under NEP 2020)
GEO 504 MJ: Principles of Population and Settlement Geography
Semester
Group Course No. of Total
Year
Course Total
Vertical & Course Title Periods lectures
Type Credits
Principles of
Major Population and
Core Settlement
Geography

1. To acquire knowledge about Population and Settlement Geography.
2. To acquaint the students with distribution of population and influencing factors on it.
3. To make the students aware about site, situation, classification, types and patterns of
settlements.
4. To give information about growth of population and settlement.
Topic No. of
No. periods
i. Definition, Nature and Scope of Population
Geography
Introduction ii. Approaches to the study of Population Geography
1 to Population 08
and iii. Definition, Nature and Scope of Settlement
Settlement Geography
Geography
iv. Approaches to the study of Settlement Geography
i. Concept of population growth
ii. Components of Population Change - Fertility,
Population and Mortality and Migration
2 Settlement 06
iii. Concept of settlement growth
growth
iv. Factors influencing growth and distribution of
settlement
i. Population distribution - India and World
ii. Factors influencing distribution of population
Population
3 Distribution iii. Population density: meaning, definition and its types 08
and Density iv. Factors influencing density of population

i. Concept of site and situation aspect in settlement
ii. Classification of settlement - Rural and Urban
Human iii. Rural Urban Fringe and dichotomy
4 08
Settlement
iv. Types and Patterns of settlement
Total 30
Course Outcome:
By the completion of the course, students will be able to;
COs 1: Understand the basic concepts in population and settlement Geography
COs 2: Acquire knowledge about the population distribution in the world, factors
affecting population distribution.
COs 3: Identify patterns and processes of population and settlement growth
COs 4: Evaluate the factors influencing the growth of population and settlement
References:
1. Bhende, A. and Kanitkar, T. (2011): Principles of Population Studies, Himalaya
Publishing House, Bombay.
2. Beaujeu, G. J. (1966): Geography of Population, Longman Group Ltd.
3. Chandna, R.C. (Rep.2010): Geography of Population, Concepts, Determinants and
Patterns, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
4. Clark, J. I. (1973): Population Geography, Pergamon Press Ltd., Oxford.
5. Clark, J.I. (1984): Geography and Population: Approaches and Applications,
Pergamon Press Ltd., Oxford.
6. Hudson, (1970): Geography of Settlement, Macdonald & Evans Ltd., London.
7. Khullar, D. R. (2011): India A Comprehensive Geography, Kalyani Publication, New
Delhi.
8. Michel Chisholm (1973): Studies in Human Geography, London.
9. Mishra, R.S.(1975): Economics of Growth and Development, Somaiya Publication
Pvt. Ltd.

GEO 505 MJ: Introduction to Statistical Methods in Geography
Semester Group Course No. of Total

Year
Course Total
Type Credits
Introduction to
Major Statistical
Core Methods in
Geography

1. To familiarize students with basic concepts of statistical methods
2. To acquaint the students with techniques of data analysis
3. To develop a strong foundation in statistical methods and their application to
geographical research.
4. To develop capacity to analyze and interpret statistical data.
Topic No. of
No. periods
i. Nature of Geographical Data
ii. Scales of Measurement
Introduction iii. Types of Data: Primary and Secondary,
1 06
Discrete and Continuous Scales
iv. Frequency distribution and Graphical
Representation
i. Concept
ii. Measures of Central Tendency
(arithmetic mean, median and mode)
2 Central Tendency 08
iii. Selection of correct average for
representing data (with suitable
examples)
i. Concept of measures
ii. Absolute-Range, standard deviation and
Dispersion,
relative measures of Dispersion ,
3 Skewness and 10
coefficient variation
Kurtosis
iii. Definition and Types of Skewness
iv. Definition and Types of Kurtosis
i. Concept and types of correlation
ii. Concept of regression
Association of
4 iii. Simple and multiple regression 06
Variables
iv. Use of correlation and regression in
context of geographical research
Total 30

Course Outcome:
COs 1: Understand the basic principles of statistics in the context of geography
COs 2: Apply appropriate descriptive statistical technique to analyze geographical data
COs 3: Interpret statistical results effectively
COs 4: Evaluate the use of descriptive statistics in geographical research
References:
1. Croxton, C., Cowden, D. J., & Klein, S. (1967). Applied general statistics. Prentice
Hall, New Jersey.
2. Frank, H., &Althoen, S. C. (1994). Statistics: Concepts and applications. Cambridge
University Press.
3. Hammond, R., &McCullagh, P. S. (1985). Quantitative techniques in geography: an
introduction. Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press.
4. Mann, P. S. (2020). Introductory statistics. John Wiley & Sons.
5. O'Brien, L. (2005). Introducing quantitative geography: measurement, methods, and
generalized linear models. Taylor & Francis.
6. Rogerson, P. A. (2019). Statistical methods for geography: a student's guide. Sage
Publications, London.

GEO 506 MJP: Practicals in Physical Geography
Semester
Course No. of Total
Year
Group Course Total

& Course Title Periods lectures
Vertical (V) Type Credits
Course Code per week
Practicals in
Major
I I Practical GEO 506 MJP Physical 02 30 02
Core
Geography

1. To acquaint the students with the role of geomorphic techniques in geography as the
scientific method for understanding landforms.
2. To study the various aspects of drainage morphometry
3. To examine the drainage basin for understanding the topographical variations.
4. To focus on relevant aspects of climatology, with particular emphasis on the climatic
elements diagrams and climatic classification.
No. of
Topic
Topic Name Sub Topic periods
No.
1 Drainage Network (up to 5th order drainage
basin from SOI Toposheet)
Drainage Network 08
i. Stream ordering by Strahler’s method
ii. Bifurcation ratio
2 Relief analysis (up to 5thorder drainage
basin- based on grid method)
i. Absolute relief map
Drainage Basin
07
Relief Analysis ii. Relative relief map
iii. Hypsometric analysis
iv. Basin profiles
3 i. Climatograph
ii. Climograph
Climatic Element
07
Diagrams iii. Simple wind rose
iv. Hythergraph
4 i. Water Budget
Climatic
08
Classification ii. Koppen’s Climatic classification
Total 30

Course Outcome:
COs 1: Understand the drainage network in terms of stream orders, numbers etc.
COs 2: Examine the drainage basin for understanding the topographical variations.
COs 3: Acquainted with the role of geomorphic techniques in geography as a
scientific method for understanding the landforms.
COs 4: Helpful to learn important applied aspects of climatology, elements
diagrams and climatic classification.
COs 5: Construct climatic elements diagrams and inspect climatic classification
Reference Books:
1. Aackombe, R. V. and Gardiner, V. (1983): Geomorphological Field Manual.
2. Chorley, R. J., Schumm, S. A. and Sugden, D. E. (1984): Geomorphology,
Methuen, London.
3. Goudie, A. (1990): Geomorphological Techniques, Un win Hyman, London.
4. Kale, V. S. and Gupta, A. (2001): Introduction to Geomorphology, Orient
Longman, Culcutta.
5. King, C. A. M. (1966): Techniques in Geomorphology, Edward Arnold, London.
6. Lutgens, F. K., Tarbuck, E. J., Herman, R., &Tasa, D. G. (2018): The Atmosphere:
An introduction to Meteorology. Pearson Prentice Hall, New Jersey.
7. Monkhouse, F. J., & Wilkinson, H. R. (1964): Maps and Diagrams: Their
Compilation and Construction. London: Metheun and Co. Ltd.

GEO 507 MJP: Practicals in Human Geography
Semester

Year
Course Total
Type Credits
Practicals in
Major
I I Practical GEO 507 MJP Human 02 30 02
Core
Geography

1. To understand the spatial distribution of human activities and phenomena.
2. To develop skills in conducting field research, observing social and cultural practices,
and understanding local contexts.
3. To analyze and interpret data using appropriate statistical or qualitative methods
4. To develop problem-solving skills and promote a deeper understanding of the
complexities of human geography.
No. of
Topic
Topic Name Sub Topic Periods
No.
i. Indicators of Economic Development
Economic ii. Gravity Model
1. 07
Indices iii. Cost benefit Analysis
i. Population Projection methods

a. Arithmetic Increase Method,
Population and b. Geometric Increase Method
2. Development 08
ii. Calculation of Arithmetic Density, Physiological
Indices
Density and Agricultural Density.
i. Rank Size Rule – (Special reference to Maharashtra

Measures of and India)
3. 08
Settlement ii. Nearest neighbor analysis
Application of i. Introduction
4. Human ii. Field visit for data collection 07
Geography
Total 30

Course Outcome:
COs 1: Acquire the advance knowledge about the human phenomena
COs 2: Understand the various concepts and methods of the human geography
COs 3: Calculate the geographical problems as well as research problems
COs 4: Apply practical knowledge for the analysis of the project work as well as
research.
References:
1. Majid, Hussain, M (2008): Systematic Agricultural Geography, Rawat Publications,
Jaipur (India).
2. Singh, J. and Dhillon, S.S. (2006): Agricultural Geography, Tata McGraw-Hill
Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi.
3. Shafi, M. (1984): Agricultural Productivity and Regional Imbalances: A Study of
Uttar Pradesh, Concept Publishing Company, New Delhi.
4. Chandna, R.C. (2010) Population Geography, Kalyani Publisher.
5. Hassan, M.I. (2005) Population Geography, Rawat Publications, Jaipur
6. Daniel, P.A. and Hopkinson, M.F. (1989) The Geography of Settlement, Oliver &
Boyd London.
7. Johnston R; Gregory D, Pratt G. et al. (2008) The Dictionary of Human Geography,
Blackwell Publication.
8. Jordan-Bychkov et al. (2006) The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to
Cultural Geography. W. H. Freeman and Company, New York.

M. A./ M. Sc. Geography First Year (Sem. I)(as per NEP 2020)
GEO 510 MJ: Introduction to Geographic Information System
Semester
(Major Elective Group A- Theory)

Year
Course Total
Type Credits
Introduction to
Major Geographic
I I Theory GEO 510 MJ Information 02 30 02
Elective
System

1. To introduced fundamental concepts of Geographic Information System (GIS)
2. To familiarize the students with the GIS data types and models
3. To acquaint the students with spatial analysis skills
Topic No. of
No. periods
1. i. Historical Development of GIS
Introduction to GIS ii. Objectives of GIS
iii. Components of GIS -Hardware, Software, 05
Data, Methods and People
iv. Applications of GIS
2. i. Concept of Space and Time

GIS Data Types ii. Spatial Data -Concepts and Sources 05
iii. Non Spatial Data- Concepts and Sources
3. a. Spatial Data Models:
i. Vector Data - Concept of Arc, Node, Vertices
and Topology, Computer file structure of
geographical features in Vector-Point, Line,
Polygon
GIS Data Models ii. Raster Data–Raster data types, Computer file 14
structure of geographical features in Raster
b. Non Spatial Data Models: Concept and
Types of Database Management System
(DBMS)
4. Structuring and i. Digitization, Editing and topology building
Operations of ii. DEM and DTM
spatial data iii. Overlay analysis 06
iv. Map algebra
Total 30

Course Outcome:
COs 1: Describe objectives and components of GIS
COs 2: Understand the concept of spatial database and analysis
COs 3: Explain the nature and structure of spatial data models
COs 4: Compare the raster and vector GIS spatial data
COs 5: Assess the topology building and overlay analysis
COs 6: Generate the spatial overlay analysis and grid operations
References:
1. Burroughs, P. A. and McDonnell, R. A. (2002): Principles of Geographical Information
System, Oxford University Press.
2. Clarke, Keith C.(1999) Getting Started with Geographic Information Systems, Prentice
Hall, New Jersey
3. DeMers Michel N.(2000): Geographic Information Systems, John Wiley and Sons.
4. George J. (2004): Fundamentals of Remote Sensing, Universities Press Pvt. Ltd.,
Hyderabad.
5. Jensen, J. R. (2003): Remote Sensing of Environment, An Earth Resource Perspective,
Pearson Education Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
6. Kang-tsung Chang (2003): Geographic Information Systems, Tata McGraw Hill, New
Delhi
7. Lillesand, T. M. and Kiefer R. W. (2002): Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation, John
Wiley and Sons, New Delhi.
8. LoAlbert, C. P., and Young, K. W (2003): Concepts and Techniques of Geographical
Information Systems, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
9. Michael F. Goodchild and Karen K. Kemp (1990): Introduction to GIS, National Center
for Geographic Information and Analysis, University of California, Santa Barbara.
10. Paul A. Lonfley, Michel F. Goodchild, D J. Maguire and D W. Rhind, (2002):
Introduction to Geographic Information Systems and Science, John Wiley and Sons Ltd.
11. Shrikat Karlekar (2014): Geographic Information Systems, dimand publication, Pune
12. StarJ, and J.Estes, (1994): Geographic Information Systems: An Introduction, Prentice
Hall, New Jersey.

GEO 511 MJP: Practicals in Geographic Information System
(Major Elective Group A - Practical)
Semester
Course No. of Total

Year
Group Course Total

& Course Title periods lectures
Practicals in
Major Geographic
I I Practical GEO 511 MJP Information 02 30 02
Elective
System

1. To introduce major components of Geospatial technologies
2. To provide exposure to students with spatial analysis, GIS operations and
mapping
3. To acquaint students with the use and applications of GIS software’s and
techniques
Instructions:
1. Use of any open source or license copy GIS software is mandatory
2. Hand-on exercise of GIS software should be conduct batch wise
3. Students should maintain a journal of all the exercise conducted
Topic Topic Name Sub Topic No. of
No. Periods
1. i. Introduction of basic computer hardware and any 08
one GIS software
ii. Scanning of SOI Toposheet / quadrant into
GIS Input various formats e.g. .JPEG, .BMP, .PDF, .TIFF,
etc.
iii. Coordinate systems -Degree Minutes Second
(DMS), Degree Decimal (DD),Conversion of
DMS to DD and DD to DMS
iv. Geo-referencing and mosaicking of toposheets /
maps using GIS software

2. a. Software based exercise 14
i. Digitization of layers (point, line and polygon
features) from geo-referenced SOI toposheet
/quadrant
Spatial ii. Creation and export of .shp files , Editing and
Database topology of vector layers
Analysis iii. Attribute data attachment
b. Manual exercise raster layer file structure: Run-
Length Encoding, Block Code, Chain Coding,
Quadtree
3. GIS software based 06
i. Map layout -Title, Grid, Scale, Direction, Index,
sign and symbols
ii. Design of maps (Point, Line and Polygon
GIS Output
features maps) using shape files of digitized
toposheet/ quadrant
iii. Design of elevation map, contours map, 3D
View based on ASTER/ SRTM DEM
Total 30
Course Outcome:
COs 1: Understand the components of GIS
COs 2: Examine the raster and vector layer file structure
COs 3: Classify geographical features with point, line, polygon
COs 4: Prioritize GIS input, storage, manipulation, retrieval, analysis and maps
geographical data
COs 5: Design map layout and prepare GIS based various spatial and thematic maps
References:
1. Burroughs, P. A. and McDonnell, R.A. (2002): Principles of Geographical
Information System, Oxford University Press.
2. Clarke, Keith C.(1999) Getting Started with Geographic Information Systems,
Prentice Hall, New Jersey
3. DeMers Michel N.(2000): Geographic Information Systems, John Wiley and Sons.
4. George J. (2004): Fundamentals of Remote Sensing, Universities Press Pvt. Ltd.,
Hyderabad.
5. Kang-tsung Chang (2003): Geographic Information Systems, Tata McGraw Hill, New
Delhi
6. Shrikat Karlekar (2014): Geographic Information Systems, dimand publication, Pune

GEO 512 MJ: Tourism Management
(Major Elective Group B - Theory)
No. of Total
Semester
Course
Year
Group Course Total Periods lectures

& Course Title
Vertical (V) Type Credits (01 Hrs. per
Course Code
lecture) week
Major Tourism
Elective Management

1. Explore the concept and evolution of tourist destinations, including the factors that
contribute to their development and evolution over time.
2. Understand the principles and applications of market research in the tourism industry,
including consumer behavior analysis and segmentation.
3. Develop an understanding of digital marketing strategies and their application in the
tourism industry, including website development, social media marketing, and online
advertising.
4. Familiarize students with tourist agencies, roles, and responsibilities
No. of
Topic
Topic Name Sub Topic lectures
No.
i. Concept of Tourism Management and Planning

Tourism
ii. Tourist Destination – Concept and Evolution
Management
1. iii. Destination Life Cycle (Tourist Area Life Cycle) 06
and Planning
iv. Data Collection and analysis in tourism
research
i. Principles of tourism marketing
Tourism ii. Branding of tourist destinations
Marketing and iii. Strategies for effective promotion techniques
2. 09
Promotion and campaigns
iv. Digital marketing strategies for the tourism
industry
i. Tour planning and coordination in tourism
Tour ii. Tour packages in the tourism industry
4. 09
Management iii. Principles of tour marketing and Budget.
iv. Types of Tourist agencies
i. Review and feedback in tour management
Tourism ii. Different types of feedback forms
5. 06
Planning iii. Online guest reviews and feedback form
iv. Tourist review analysis
Total 30

Course Outcome:
COs 1: Understand the concept of tourism management and planning and its application
in the tourism industry.
COs 2: Explain the concept and evolution of tourist destinations, and identify factors
contributing to their development and evolution over time.
COs 3: Assess the implications of the destination life cycle stages on destination
management strategies and decision-making processes.
COs 4: Utilize digital marketing strategies in the tourism industry, including website
development, social media marketing, and online advertising.
COs 5: Design and implement effective promotion techniques and campaigns for
tourism products, services, or destinations.
COs 6: Identify and analyze technology trends and innovations influencing the tourism
industry.
COs 7: Recognize the potential of virtual reality in enhancing tourism experiences and
identify its practical applications in the industry.
COs 8: Develop tour packaging strategies based on target markets, themes, and pricing
considerations.
References:
1. "Virtual Reality in Tourism and Hospitality" by (Vikas Publishing House)
2. Anil G. Jadhav "Promotion Techniques and Campaigns in Tourism" by (Excel Books)
3. Charles R. Goeldner and J.R. Brent Ritchie "Tourism: Principles, Practices,
Philosophies" by Wiley Publication.
4. Claire Boobbyer "Tourism Planning: Basics, Concepts, Cases" by CABI publication.
5. Clare Inkson and Medlik S. "Tourism Planning: Policies, Processes, and
Relationships" by (Cengage Learning EMEA)
6. ErcanSirakaya-Turk, MuzafferUysal, and William E. Hammitt "Research Methods for
Leisure, Recreation, and Tourism" by (CABI)
7. Guido Candela and Paolo Figini "Tourist Destination Management: Issues, Analysis,
and Policies" by Routledge publication.
8. Gurdeep Singh and S. P. Gupta "Tourism Management and Planning" by (Ane Books
Pvt. Ltd.)
9. Hannes Werthner and Noelle O'Connor "Virtual Reality in Tourism" by (Springer)
10. S. Gokulakrishnan (2013) "Tour Marketing and Budgeting" (PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.)

M. A./ M. Sc. Geography First Year (Sem. I)(under NEP 2020)
GEO 513 MJP: Practicals in Tourism Management
(Major Elective Group B - Practical)
Total
Semester
Group Course No. of

Year
Course Total lectures

Vertical & Course Title Periods
Type Credits per
(V) Course Code
week
Practicals in
Major
I I Practicals GEO 513 MJP Tourism 02 30 02
Elective
Management

1. To understand the process of assessing a potential tourism site.
2. To develop skills in interpreting data and generating reports of tourism.
3. To gain practical experience of promotional materials, online reservation management
and cancellation processes in tourism.
4. To develop the ability to design Budget and plan tour packages.
Topic No. of
No. Period
i. Assess a potential tourism site
ii. Destination analysis
1 Tourism Site iii. Research the destination case Study - attractions, 04
Assessment accommodations, transportation, and other tourism-
related aspects.
i. Data analysis of Tourist arrivals, hotel occupancy rates,
or tourism expenditure.
Data Analysis ii. Analyze the data using tools like Microsoft Excel or
2 06
and Reporting statistical software.
iii. Generate reports, create visualizations, and draw
conclusions based on their data analysis.
i. Develop promotional materials such as brochures,
Tourism
posters, and social media content.
Promotions and
3 ii. Develop a marketing campaign for their assigned 04
Marketing
product.
Campaign
iii. Tourism marketing through online platform
i. Online Booking and Cancellation – Bus, Rail, flights,
accommodations.
ii. Design a tour package domestic and international for
4 Tour Planning 06
market.
iii. Prepare Budget for package domestic and international
Tour
Organize a field trip to a tourism-related business such as a
5 Field Trip hotel, travel agency, or tourist attraction. Prepare a report 10
summarizing their observations.
Total 30

Course Outcome:
COs 1: Evaluate and assess the suitability of potential tourism sites based on their natural,
cultural, and infrastructure attributes.
COs 2:Demonstrate proficiency in data analysis techniques and tools, allowing them to
interpret and present tourism-related data effectively for decision-making purposes.
COs 3:Develop the ability to design and implement comprehensive marketing campaigns
COs 4:Utilizing online travel booking systems, including making reservations, managing
itineraries, and understanding the ticket booking and cancellation processes.
COs 5: They should organize well planned filed visit or tour.
References:
1. Anil Kumar (2012) "Hospitality and Tourism Management" (Excel Books)
2. Arch G. Woodside (2008) "Tourism Management: Analysis, Behaviour and Strategy"
(Publisher: CABI)
3. C. R. Goeldner (2007) "Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies" (Wiley)
4. Chris Cooper (2017) "Tourism Principles and Practice" (Pearson Education)
5. David Airey and John Tribe (2006) "Tourism and Destination Management" (Sage)
6. Devesh Nigam (2008) "Tourism Planning and Tour Operation" (Shree Publishers)
7. Dimitrios Buhalis (2022) 'Encyclopedia of Tourism Management and Marketing"
(Edward Elgar Publishing)
8. Jennifer Raga (2017) "Hospitality and Tourism Management Trends, Challenges and
Innovations" (Society Publishing)
9. John Beech and Simon Chadwick (2006) "The Business of Tourism Management"
(Pearson Education)
10. K.V. Rao (2014) "Tourism Planning and Development" (Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd.)
11. Manoj Dixit (2020) "Tourism Management" (Oxford University Press India)
12. Meenakshi Gupta (2019) "Tourism: Principles and Practices" (VK Global
Publications Pvt. Ltd.)

GEO 514 MJ: Geography of Soil
(Major Elective Group C - Theory)
Total
Semester
Group Course No. of

Year

Vertical & Course Title Periods
Type Credits per
(V) Course Code
week
Major Geography
Elective of Soil
1. To understand the significance of soil geography in environmental studies and land
management.
2. To identify the relationships between soil and various natural systems, including
ecosystems and climate.
3. To recognize the role of soil in supporting human activities, agriculture, and
ecosystem services.
4. To familiarize with major soil classification systems
5. To assess the importance of soil conservation and sustainable land management
practices.
Topic No. of
No. Period
Introduction to i. Definition, Nature and Scope of Soil Geography
Soil Geography ii. Soil as a Natural Resource
1 iii. Factor of Soil Formation- climate, biotic, topography, 06
parent material and time
i. Soil Profile- Development of soil profile and horizon
ii. Physical Properties-Texture, Structure, Colour, Density
(Particle and Bulk Density), Porosity, Pore Space,
2 Soil Profile 10
Temperature, Permeability, Moisture
iii. Chemical Properties- Acidity and Alkalinity, Soil pH
and NPK, Redox Potential, Cation, Anion exchange
i. Soil Classification System
Classification
ii. Land Capability Classification
3 System and 08
iii. Land Suitability Classification
types of Soil
iv. Soil types of India.
i. Soil Degradation : Soil Pollution, Acidification and
Soil Degradation Salinization
4 and ii. Soil Conservation: Definition and various methods 06
Conservation iii. Soil Conservation in India
iv. Role of RS and GIS in Soil Conservation.
Total 30

Course Outcome:
COs 1:Demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of soil geography as a discipline.
COs 2:Apply theoretical knowledge and practical skills to analyze soil properties and
classifications.
COs 3:Identify and address soil-related problems and propose conservation strategies.
COs 4:Understand the role of soil in supporting ecosystems, human activities, and global
sustainability.
COs 5:Analyze soil properties, profiles, and classifications using appropriate methods and
tools.
COs 6:Evaluate the environmental impact of soil-related issues and propose conservation
measures.
References:
1. A text book of Soil Science: Biswas T. D. & Mukharji ; Tata Mc Grow Hill Mumbai
2. A.S. Gustafson, (2007): “Soils and Management” Published by Agrobios (India).
3. Backman, H.O and Brady, N.C. (1960.)The Nature and Properties of Soils, Mc Millan
NewYork.
4. Bennet, Hugh H.: Soil Conservation, McGraw Hill, New York.
5. Birkeland, P. W (1999): Soils and Geomorphology, Oxford University Press, New
York.
6. Brady Nyle C., Weil Raymond C. (2012): The Nature And Properties of Soils.
Pearson Publishing, 14th Edition.
7. Bridges, E. M. and Davidson, D. A. (1982): Principles and Applications of Soil
Geography, Longman Group, London.
8. Bunting, B.T. (1973) The Geography of Soils, Hutchinson, London.
9. C. E. Miller, L.M. Turk, (2001): “Fundamental of soil Science” Biotech Books Delhi.
7. Charman P.E.V and Murphy B.W. (2000): Soils : Their Properties and Management,
Oxford University Press, Melbourne, Australia

GEO 515 MJP: Practicals in Soil Analysis
(Major Elective Group C - Practical)
Semester

Year
Course Total
Vertical & Course Title Practicals lectures
Type Credits
Major Practicals in Soil

I I Practical GEO 515 MJP 02 30 02
Elective Analysis

1. To collect soil samples effectively and label them for proper identification and analysis.
2. To perform laboratory analysis to determine soil texture, structure, and porosity.
3. To analyze soil properties
4. To interpret soil data obtained from practical experiments.
5. To apply the knowledge gained to propose appropriate soil management practices.
Topic No. of
No. Practicals
i. Methods of Soil Sample collection
1 Introduction ii. Instruments required for sampling 8
iii. Safety guidelines in the laboratory
i. Soil Structure and Porosity Analysis
Analysis of ii. Water Holding capacity
2 Physical iii. Particle size distribution using sieve analysis 6
Properties iv. Determination of soil texture –Sand, silt, clay
etc.
Analysis of i. Soil pH Measurement
3 Chemical ii. Soil Nutrient Analysis (N, P, K) 8
Properties iii. Organic Matter and Soil Carbon Analysis
i. Interpretation of Soil Analysis Results
ii. Measuring soil respiration and microbial
Soil Data biomass
4 Interpretation and 8
iii. Understanding soil fertility and health
applications
indicators
iv. Soil Management Strategies
Total 30

Course Outcome:
COs 1:Demonstrate proficiency in collecting, preparing, and analyzing soil samples.
COs 2:Apply appropriate methods to assess soil physical, chemical, and biological
properties.
COs 3:Interpret and evaluate soil analysis data to make informed land management
decisions.
COs 4:Utilize soil analysis knowledge to recommend sustainable soil management
practices.
COs 5:Recognize the significance of soil analysis in real-life applications for agriculture,
environmental conservation, and land development.
References:
1. Helmut Kohnke and P. J. Niederholzer, "Soil Science Simplified", Wiley-Blackwell
2. J. R. Schaetzl and Robert O. Siltanen, "Soil Geography and Land Use Planning", CRC
Press
3. Michael E. Essington, "Soil and Water Chemistry: An Integrative Approach", CRC
Press
4. J. Russell Boulding and G. Fred Lee, "Practical Handbook of Soil, Vadose Zone, and
Ground-Water Contamination: Assessment, Prevention, and Remediation", CRC
Press
5. M.R. Carter and E.G. Gregorich (Editors), "Soil Sampling and Methods of Analysis",
CRC Press
6. Eldor A. Paul, "Soil Microbiology, Ecology, and Biochemistry", Academic Press
7. Kim H. Tan, "Environmental Soil Science”, CRC Press
8. Daniel Hillel, "Introduction to Environmental Soil Physics", Academic Press.

GEO 531 RM: Research Methodology
Semester
Course No. of Total
Year
Group Vertical Course Total

& Course Title Periods lectures
(V) Type Credits
Research Research
I I Theory GEO 531 RM 04 60 04
Methodology Methodology

1. To develop research aptitude among the students.
2. To provide comprehensive understanding of the technique involved in conducting
research.
3. To develop creative and critical thinking skills among the students.
4. To enhance the ability of students to conduct research ethically and meticulously.
5. To prepare the students for future research endeavors.
Topic No. of
No. periods
1. i. Concept of Discovery, Innovation and Research
ii. Types of research
Introduction to iii. Research Approaches:
08
Research 1. Inductive reasoning
2. Deductive reasoning
3. Logical and Scientific Thinking approach
2. i. Definition of literature review,
Review of ii. Purpose of literature review
06
literature iii. Components of literature review
iv. Literature matrix/log book
3. i. Hypothesis: Meaning and types
ii. Theories – 1) Empirically inductive
Hypothesis and 2) Deductively Complete
08
theory iii. Models – 1) Natural analogue system
2) Physical system
3) General system
4. i. Research Questions
Framing of ii. Identifying Research Gap
research 04
iii. Statement of Problem
problem
iv. Framing of research aims, goals and objectives
5. i. Methods and Methodology
Research ii. Research techniques 08
design
iii. Data types and sources

iv. Data acquisition method
v. Sampling (Probability & Non-Probability)
vi. Questionnaire and check list
6. Data i. Qualitative and Quantitative
Processing and ii. Geospatial analysis 08
analysis iii. Mapping
7. i. Manuscript preparation and formatting:
a. Title, Abstract and Keywords
b. IMRaD format
Research c. Findings and conclusion
08
Paper Writing d. Tables, figures and equations
e. Citations and References
f. Synonyms and abbreviations
g. Preparation of research paper
8. i. Sections: Summary, Introduction, Review of
literature, Research gap, Framework and Methods,
Innovativeness, Expected Outputs, Relevance of the
Research proposed study for policy-making and society,
06
Proposal Importance for society
ii. Funds and time scale
iii. Presentation
iv. Preparation of research proposal
9. Research i. Reputed Journals
Publication in ii. Research indexing Systems and data base
04
reputed iii. Citation, h-index, i10-index and Impact factor
journal iv. Publication Ethics
Total 60
Course Outcome:
COs 1: Develop research aptitude among the students through comprehensive
understanding of core concepts in research, review of research
COs 2: Find the research questions, statement of research problem and frame the
aims and objectives of the research.
COs 3: Frame research methodology and select appropriate methods.
COs 4: Prepare research reports and presentation for publication ethically.
COs 5: Able to creative and critical thinking abilities essential for research among
the students.

References:
1. Gomez, B., & Jones III, J. P. (Eds.). (2010). Research methods in geography: A
critical introduction (Vol. 6). John Wiley & Sons.
2. Gomez, B., & Jones, J. P. III (2010). Research Methods in Geography: A Critical
Introduction. John Wiley and Sons.
3. Goudie, A. (Ed) (2004): Encyclopedia of Geomorphology, Routledge, London.
4. Gregory, D., Johnston, R., Pratt, G., Watts, M. &Whatmore, S. (2009). The
Dictionary of Human Geography. Singapore: Wiley-Blackwell.
5. Hay, I. (2000). Qualitative research methods in Human Geography.
6. Montello, D. and Sutton, P. (2013). An Introduction to Scientific Research Methods
in Geography and Environmental Studies. SAGE Publications.
7. Warf, B. (Ed)(2006). Encyclopedia of Human Geography. London: SAGE
Publications.

M. A./ M. Sc. Geography First Year (Sem. II) (as per NEP 2020)
M. A. / M. Sc. Geography – I (Semester -II)
GEO 551 MJ (A): Fluvial Geomorphology
Core Special – 1 (Theory)
No. of
Semester
Group Course Total

Year

Vertical and Course Title lectures
lecture)
Major Fluvial
I II Theory GEO 551 MJ (A) 04 60 04
Core Geomorphology

1. To provide an accessible introduction to the subject of fluvial Geomorphology.
2. To offer supporting material for students who are looking for basic explanations to aid in
the understanding of advanced texts and journal articles.
3. To introduce fluvial geomorphology as a rapidly expanding, multi-disciplinary area.
4. To create interest amongst the students those who require a broad overview of the
subject.
Topic No. of
No. periods
1. i. Definition and scope
ii. Drainage basin and stream network
Introduction to iii. The drainage basin as a geomorphic unit 6
Fluvial iv. Horton’s laws of drainage composition
Geomorphology v. Phases of drainage network development- Glock's
model
2. i. Runoff generation and types (infiltration-excess
overland flow, saturation-excess overland flow.
ii. Channel initiation
Drainage Basin
iii. Gully and channel formation 6
Hydrology
iv. Discharge and magnitude / frequency of flows in
river system (flood stages and hydrographs,
discharge measurement methods)
3. i. Types of flows- steady and unsteady flow, uniform
and non-uniform flow, laminar and turbulent flow
ii. Flow behaviour- sub-critical, critical and 8
Open Channel
supercritical flow
Hydraulics
iii. Flow velocity variations and measurement
methods
iv. Shear stress and stream power
4. i. River categories- alluvial, bedrock and mix
alluvial-bedrock
Channel
ii. Cross-section morphology and reach
Morphology
morphology- width-depth ratio, channel capacity,
wetted perimeter, hydraulic radius and gradient
iii. Controls on channel morphology- morphologic
and hydrologic controls 10
iv. Channel bed configuration- ripples, dunes, anti-
dunes, riffle-pool sequence, steps and pools
v. Channel patterns or planforms - straight,
meandering, braided, anabranching and
anastomosing
vi. Concept of grade- long profile: below, near and
above grade conditions
5. i. At-a-station hydraulic geometry
Hydraulic
ii. Downstream hydraulic geometry (Relation of 6
Geometry
discharge with width, depth, velocity and gradient)
6. i. Types of erosion- vertical, lateral and headward
erosion
ii. Erosional processes- solution, abrasion,
Fluvial Erosion cavitations, attrition, impaction, hydraulic action
iii. Erosion all and forms of bedrock channels- gorge, 8
canyon, incised meanders, rapids, waterfalls,
potholes, inner channels, grooves.
7. i. Types of river load- solution and particulate
load
ii. Capacity and competence
iii. Entrainment of sediment- forces acting on a
submerged particle, critical shear stress and 8
Sediment
critical velocity
Transport
iv. Modes of sediment transport in rivers –
dissolved load, wash load, bed load and
suspended load
v. Measurement of sediment load
vi. Sediment yield
8. i. Flood plains and associated features-
meanders, point bars, ox-bow lakes, natural
levees, back swamp, Yazoo streams.
Fluvial
ii. River terraces – formation and classification
Deposition
iii. Alluvial fans and bajadas 8
iv. Delta- formation and types
v. Mid-channel and bank attached channel forms
Total 60
Course Outcomes:
By the end of the course, student will be able to -
COs 1: Straightforward explanations of concepts and formulate even if students have little
previous knowledge of mathematics and science.
Cos 2: Illustrations with case studies and examples will develop the student’s interest in
fluvial geomorphology.
COs 3: Holistic, catchment-wide approach will be widely advocated for successful river
channel management.

COs 4: Recently developed environmental engineering techniques will be examined.
COs 5: Restoration by providing an overview of the main techniques used and the
considerations that need to be taken into account if these are to be successful.
Reference:
1. Charlton, R. (2008): Fundamentals of fluvial Geomorphology, Routledge, New York.
2. Fryirs, K.A. and Brierley, G.J. (2013): Geomorphic Analysis of River Systems: An
approach to reading the landscape, Wiley Blackwell.
3. Garde, R.J. (2006): River Morphology, New age international limited publishers, New
Delhi.
4. Kale, V.S. and Gupta, A. (2001): Introduction to Geomorphology, Orient Longman,
Kolkata.
5. Knighton, D. (1998): Fluvial forms and processes, Arnold, an imprint of Hodder
Education, Hachette UK Company, London.
6. Kondolf, M.G. and Piegay, H. (2016): Tools in Fluvial Geomorphology, Wiley-
Blackwell.
7. Leopold, L.B., Wolman, M.G. and Miller, P. (1954): Fluvial processes in
Geomorphology, Freeman and Co. San Francisco.
8. Maithi, R. (2016): Modern approaches to Fluvial Geomorphology, Primus Books.
9. Mangelsdorf, J., Scheurmann, K. and Weib, F.H. (1989): River Morphology, Springer-
Verlag.

GEO 551 MJ (B): Synoptic Climatology
No. of
Semester
Group Course Total

Year

lecture)
Major Synoptic
I II Theory GEO 551 MJ (B) 04 60 04
Core Climatology

1. To train students in various key concepts of synoptic climatology
2. To acquaint students with different scales of Atmospheric motion, Atmospheric
stability and synoptic-scale processes
3. To help students acquire knowledge of air masses and fronts, their classification
associated weather.
4. To provide an in-depth understanding of large-scale weather systems and their
influence on regional and global climate patterns
Topic No. of
No. periods
i. Nature and scope of Synoptic Climatology
ii. Scales of atmospheric motion
1 Introduction 12
iii. Laws of motion
iv. Synoptic charts and maps
i. Dry adiabatic lapse rate
Atmospheric ii. Wet adiabatic lapse rate
2 12
Stability iii. Types of atmospheric stability
iv. Changes in atmospheric stability
i. Introduction
3 Air masses ii. Source regions 08
iii. Classification and modification
i. Frontal Weather
4 Fronts 08
ii. Types of Fronts
i. Tropical and mid-latitude cyclones
Cyclones and
5 ii. Cold and warm-core anticyclones 08
Anticyclones
iii. Rossby waves and western disturbances
i. Weather observation and analysis
Weather ii. Synoptic and Dynamic Conditions during
6 12
Forecasting summer and winter
iii. Types and methods of forecasting
Total 60

Course Outcome:
By the end of the course, students will be able to:-
COs 1: Understand the concepts and fundamental principles of Synoptic Climatology
COs 2: Analyze synoptic weather maps and atmospheric circulation patterns
COs 3: Evaluate the implications of synoptic systems on various weather phenomena
COs 4: Gain in-depth knowledge about air masses, fronts, cyclones and anticyclones
COs 5: Explain the linkages between synoptic-scale processes and climate variability
References:
1. Barry, R. G., and Perry, A. H. (1973). Synoptic climatology: methods and
applications. Metheun and Co. Limited, London.
2. Lutgens, F. K., Tarbuck, E. J., Herman, R., and Tasa, D. G. (2018). The atmosphere:
An introduction to Meteorology. Pearson Prentice Hall.
3. Navarra, J. G. (1979): Atmosphere, Weather and Climate, W. B. Saunders Company,
Philadelphia.
4. Ackerman, S., and Knox, J. (2011). Meteorology. Jones and Bartlett Publishers.
5. Ahrens, C. D., and Henson, R. (2016). Essentials of meteorology: An invitation to the
atmosphere. Cengage Learning.
6. Stringer, E. T. (1972). Foundations of climatology: an introduction to physical,
dynamic, synoptic, and geographical climatology. W. H. Freeman and Company, New
York.

GEO 551 MJ (C): Agriculture Geography
Semester
Course No. of Total

Year
Group Course Total

and Course Title Periods lectures
Major Agriculture
I II Theory GEO 551 MJ ( C) 04 60 04
Core Geography

1. To ascertain the definition, concepts and recent trends in Agriculture Geography
innovative technologies on agricultural practices and productivity.
2. To explore and assess different agricultural models and techniques in agricultural
practices.
3. To understand the characteristics, practices, and challenges associated with each
agricultural type, including their suitability to specific geographic regions,
environmental impacts, and socio-economic implications.
4. To analyze the factors influencing the choice and adoption of different agricultural
types, in order to develop strategies for optimizing agricultural productivity,
sustainability, and rural livelihoods.
Topic No. of
No. periods
Introduction to i. Definition, Nature and Scope
Agriculture ii. Approaches to study of Agriculture
1. 06
Geography Geography
iii. Recent trends in Agriculture Geography
i. Physical Determinants
Determinants of ii. Economic Determinants
2. 12
Agriculture iii. Social Determinants
iv. Technological Determinants
i. Definition and Concept of Region
ii. Crop Combination Techniques: Weaver and
Thomas method
Agricultural iii. Crop Diversification: Bhatia’s method and
3. 12
Regionalization Doi’s method
iv. Agricultural efficiency: Kendall’s ranking
coefficient
v. Agricultural Regions in India

i. Shifting cultivation
ii. Subsistent Farming
iii. Commercial Grain Farming
4. Agricultural Types 10
iv. Mixed Farming
v. Horticulture
vi. Plantation Agriculture
i. Significance of agriculture in world region.
Significance , ii. Importance of agriculture in Indian
Problem and Economy
5. 10
Prospects of iii. Problems faced by Indian agriculture
Agriculture iv. Prospects for development of agricultural
economy in India.
i. Recent Concepts: Organic farming, Agro-
tourism, Biotechnology in agriculture,
Recent Concepts in Community farming,
6. 10
Agriculture
ii. National agricultural policy of India
iii. Geographical indication of crops in India
Total 60
Course Outcome:
COs 1: Explain definitions, concepts, nature and scope of Agricultural Geography
COs 2: Examine the determinants of agriculture
COs 3: Critically analyze the agricultural regionalization and related concepts
COs 4: Classify the agricultural types
COs 5: Illustrate the problems and prospects of agriculture
COs 6: Distinguish between different concepts of agriculture
COs 7: Apply the knowledge in actual practice
References:
1. Aiyer, A.K.Y.N. (1949): Agricultural and Allied Arts in Vedic India.
2. Bayliss Smith, T.P. (1987): The Ecology of Agricultural Systems. Cambridge University
Press, London.
3. Berry, B.J.L. et. al. (1976): The Geography of Economic Systems. Prentice Hall, New
York.
4. Brown, L.R. (1990): The Changing World Food Prospects - The Nineties and Beyond.
5. Dyson, T. (1996): Population and Food, Global Trends and Future Prospects. Routledge,
London.
6. Gregor, H.P. (1970): Geography of Agriculture. Prentice Hall, New York.

GEO 551 MJ (D): Population Geography
No. of Total
Semester
Group Course
Year

Vertical and Course Title
(V) Course Code
lecture) week
Major Population
I II Theory GEO 551 MJ (D) 04 60 04
Core Geography

1. To acquire knowledge about concepts in Population Geography.
2. To acquaint the students with sources of population data and demographic attributes.
3. To make the students aware aboutpopulation dynamics, composition and policies.
4. To give information of population growth theories and various indices.
Topic No. of
No. periods
i. Development of Population Geography as a
discipline
ii. Population as a social capital
1 Introduction 06
iii. Concepts of Over, Under and Optimum
population
iv. Significance of Population Geography
i. Census of India
ii. Vital Registration System
Sources of iii. National Sample Survey
2 08
population data iv. Sample Registration Survey
v. National Family Health Survey
vi. District Level Household Survey
Concepts and its regional variations in India
i. Sex-ratio
ii. Age structure
Demographic
3 iii. Literacy rate 08
attributes
iv. Work-force
v. Dependency ratio
vi. Longevity
i. Concept of fertility and mortality
ii. Factors affecting fertility and mortality
Population
iii. Spatio-temporal variation in fertility and
4 Dynamics 08
mortality in India
iv. Theories of Fertility and Mortality (one theory
of each)
Population i. Malthusian theory of Population growth
5 08
Theories ii. Optimum theory of Population

iii. Marxian theory of Population
iv. Theory of Demographic Transition
i. Demographic
Population ii. Social
6 06
Composition iii. Economic
iv. Cultural
i. Definition and features of Population Policy
ii. Population policies in the context of population
Population growth, structure and distribution.(with reference to
7 Policies India) 08
iii. Socio-cultural, political and ethical issues related
to population policy .(with reference to India)
iv. Health policies in India
i. Human Development Index
ii. Gender Development Index
Research Areas
iii. Health indicators in India
8 in Population 08
iv. Demographic Dividend-Causes,Opportunities
Geography
and challenges facing in India
Total 60
Course Outcome:
COs 1: To learn the various concepts of Population Geography and sources of
Population data.
COs 2:To understand demographic attributes and examine regional variation in India
COs 3:To understand the population theories as well as demographic, social, economic
and cultural composition of population.
COs 4:To understand and analyze the population policy in the context of population
growth, structure and distribution.
COs 51:To able to know the concept of HDI and GDI and relation between population
and development.
References:
1. Agarwala, S.N. (1977): India’s population Problems, Tata McGraw Hill publishing
Co. Ltd. , New Delhi.
2. Birdsell N., Kelley A.C., Sinding S. (2003): Population Matters: Demographic
Change, Economic Growth and Poverty in Developing Countries. Oxford University
Press.
3. Bose Ashis et.al. (1974): Population in India’s Development Vikas Publishing House,
New Delhi, 1974.
4. ChandnaR.C. (1986) :Geography of Population concepts, Determinants and Patterns,
Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.

GEO 552 MJP (A): Practicals in Fluvial Geomorphology
Core Special – 1 (Practical)
Semester

Year
Course Total
Type Credits
Practicals in
Major Fluvial
I II
Core
Practical GEO 552 MJP (A) 02 30 02
Geomorpholog
y

1. To focus on relevant aspects of hydrology, with particular emphasis on the
characteristics of different flow regimes and flood frequency–magnitude
relationships.
2. To explain how sediment is transferred through the fluvial system.
3. To provide a basic overview of the properties of fluid flow.
4. To study processes of erosion, sediment transport and deposition.
5. To examine channel form which starts by considering the various controls on
morphology, the nature of morphological adjustments and the space and time scales
over which they take place.
Topic No. of
No. periods
i. The measurement of stream flow
The flow regime a) The velocity–area method
b) Continuous stream flow measurement
1 8
c) Construction of rating curve
ii. Construction of typical annual hydrograph
iii. Construction of a storm hydrograph
i. Estimating the suspended sediment load of a
river
ii. Computation of channel parameters (Bank full
Large-scale
discharge, Bank full width, depth, hydraulic
sediment transfer
2 radius, wetted perimeter, channel slope) 7
and Flow in
iii. Flow velocity measurement by Manning’s
channels
equation
iv. Flow behavior (Calculation of Froude number-
Subcritical, critical and supercritical flow
i. Calculating bed shear stress and unit stream
Erosion,
power
Transport and
ii. Application of William equations for sediment
3 Deposition 7
entrainment and transport (By using bed shear
stress, unit stream power and mean velocity)
iii. Calculation of sediment yield index

i. Computation of sinuosity ratio (Strait, sinuous,
meandering)
Channel form ii. Establishing Hydraulic geometry relationships
4 8
and Behavior a) At-a-station
b) Downstream
Total 30
(Important Note: Conduct a cross-sectional survey of a river or a stream in nearby area

and use the parameters for the practical wherever applicable.)
Course Outcome:
COs 1: Relevant aspects of hydrology, with particular emphasis on the characteristics of
different flow regimes and flood frequency–magnitude relationships.
COs 2: Acquainted with the process of sediment transport through the fluvial system.
COs 3: Explain the basic overview of the properties of fluid flow.
COs 4: Introduced with the processes of erosion, sediment transport and deposition.
COs 5: Examine channel form which starts by considering the various controls on
morphology, the nature of morphological adjustments and the space and time scales
over which they take place.
Reference:
1. Charlton, R. (2008): Fundamentals of fluvial Geomorphology, Routledge, New
York.
2. Fryirs, K.A. andBrierley, G.J. (2013): Geomorphic Analysis of River Systems: An
approachto reading the landscape, WileyBlackwell.
3. Garde, R.J. (2006): River Morphology, New age international limited publishers,
New Delhi.
4. Kale, V.S. and Gupta, A. (2001): Introduction to Geomorphology, Orient Longman,
Kolkata.
5. Knighton, D. (1998): Fluvial forms and processes, Arnold, an imprint of Hodder
Education, Hachette UK Company, London.
6. Kondolf, M.G. and Piegay, H. (2016): Tools in Fluvial Geomorphology, Wiley-
Blackwell.
7. Leopold, L.B., Wolman, M.G. and Miller, P. (1954): Fluvial processes in
Geomorphology, Freeman and Co.San Francisco.
8. Maithi, R. (2016): Modern approaches to Fluvial Geomorphology, Primus Books.

GEO 552 MJP (B): Practicals in Synoptic Climatology
No. of
Semester
Course Total
Year
Group Course Total Periods

& Course Title lectures
Vertical (V) Type Credits (01 Hrs.
lecture)
Practicals in
Major
I II Practical GEO 552 MJP (B) Synoptic 02 30 02
Core
Climatology

1. To familiarize students with different meteorological instruments for acquisition of
data related to various climatic variables.
2. To acquaint students with synoptic climatic datasets and their analysis
3. To train students in coding and decoding surface weather maps
4. To impart knowledge on lapse rate and atmospheric stability
Topic No. of
No. Periods
i. Instrumentation and measurement techniques
of different weather elements:
a. Temperature: Working of maximum and
minimum thermometer, Thermographs,
Weather Data Basic Calculations of air-temperature
data
b. Pressure: Mercurial barometer, correction
1 15
of instrumental error
c. Wind: Construction and working of wind
vanes and cup anemometer
d. Precipitation: Types of rain gauges
e. Humidity: Types, Calculation of Relative
Humidity, Principle of working of
Hygrometer
i. Introduction to surface weather maps
ii. Coding and decoding of synoptic data
2 Station Model 07
iii. Analysis of isobars, frontal systems and
other synoptic systems
i. Temperature Profile and Environmental
Atmospheric lapse rate
3 08
Stability ii. Adiabatic lapse rates
iii. Determining Atmospheric Stability
Total 30

Course Outcome:
By the end of the course, students will be able to:-
COs 1: Understand the process of instrumentation and collection of weather data
COs 2: Analyze and interpret synoptic weather maps
COs 3: Perform statistical analysis of different weather variables
COs 4: Describe the mechanism of adiabatic changes and its relation with atmospheric
stability
References:
1. Fitzroy, R. (1863). The weather book: a manual of practical meteorology (Vol. 2).
Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts, & Green.
2. Lutgens, F. K., Tarbuck, E. J., Herman, R., &Tasa, D. G. (2018). The atmosphere: An
introduction to Meteorology. Pearson Prentice Hall.
3. Navarra, J. G. (1979): Atmosphere, Weather and Climate, W. B. Saunders Company,
Philadelphia.
4. World Meteorological Organization. (1983). Guide to meteorological instruments and
methods of observation. Secretariat of the World Meteorological Organization.

M. A./ M. Sc. Geography First Year (Sem. II)(as per NEP 2020)
GEO 552 MJP (C): Practical in Agriculture Geography
Core Special– 1 (Practical)
Semester
Course No. of Total

Year
Group Course Total

and Course Title Practicals lectures
Practicals in
Major
I II Practical GEO 552 MJP (C) Agriculture 02 30 02
Core
Geography

1. To introduce students about the basic methods, techniques and application.
2. To acquaint the students in applied agricultural Geography.
3. To train students for data collection, and analysis in the field of Agricultural
Geography.
Topic No. of
No. Practicals
Crop Combination i. Weavers, method and its application.
1 : Methods and ii. Thomas method and its application. 08

Applications iii. Doi's methods and their applications.
Agricultural i. Kendall’s ranking coefficient method
2 04
Efficiency ii. Bhatia’s method and its applications
Crop i. Jasbir Singh’s method and their applications
3 Concentration 04
and Diversification
Productivity Index i. Enyedi Method and their applications

4 04
i. Collection of agricultural data through
questionnaires
ii. Preparation and analysis of agricultural data
Field Visit and
with the help of any two above said
5 Analysis of methods. 10
Agricultural Data iii. Prepare short report on the basis of field
visit and agricultural data analysis.
Total Practicals 30

Course Outcome:
COs 1 : To compare crop combination and diversification indices.
COs 2 : To calculate agricultural efficiency.
COs 3 : To interpret level and index of agricultural productivity.
COs 4 : To synthesize agricultural field data.
References:
1. Asis Sarkar (2015): Practical Geography, A Systemic Approach ,Orient Block Swan
2. Carter ,H (1977):The study of Urban Geography, Edward Arnold .London
3. Grigg, D.(1955) An Introduction to Agricultural Geography, London, Routledge
4. Hans, R. (1978): Fundamentals of Demography, Surjeet, Delhi
5. Hudson F.S. (1976): Geography of Settlements, Eastover, Macdonald and amp; Evans,
England
6. Hussain, M (1978): Agricultural Geography, Rawat Publication, Jaipur

GEO 552 MJP (D): Practicals in Population Geography
No. of
Semester
Group Course Total

Year

lecture)
Practicals in
Major
I II Practical GEO 552 MJP (D) Population 02 30 02
Core
Geography

1. To provide students with basic knowledge of measures of Fertilityand Mortality.
2. To analyze and interpret Human Development Index and Gender Development Index.
3. To develop skills in construction of life table in Population Geography.
4. To develop knowledge of computer applications in Population data representation.
Topic No. of
No. periods
i. Crude Birth Rate
Measures of
ii. General Fertility Rate
Fertility
iii. Age-Specific Fertility Rates
1 06
iv. Total Fertility Rate
v. Gross Reproduction Rate
vi. Net Reproduction Rate
i. Crude Death Rate
ii. Age-Specific Death Rate
Measures of
iii. Maternal Mortality Rate
2 Mortality 08
iv. Infant Mortality Rate
v. Cause-Specific Death Rate
vi. Standard Mortality Ratio
Measures of v. Human Development Index
3 Human Resource vi. Gender Development Index 08
vii. Construction of Life Table
Computer i. Collection of data
Applications in ii. Data analysis using Microsoft excel/ SPSS
4 08
Population data iii. Graphical representation of population data
Representation
Total 30

Course Outcome:
COs 1: Acquire the knowledge about the measures of Fertility and Mortality.
COs 2: They calculate and compare various measures of Human Resource.
COs 3: Apply computer applications for the analysis and representation of population data.
COs 4: Design graphical representation of population data.
References:
1. Agarwala, S. N. (1962). Age at Marriage in India, Allahabad: Kitab Mahal Pvt. Ltd.
2. Barclay, G. W. (1958). Techniques of Population Analysis, New York: John Wiley and
Sons.
3. Mandal, R. B., Uyanga, J., and Prasad, H. (2007), Introductory Methods in Population
Analysis, New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company.
4. Pathak, K. B., and Ram, F. (2013). Techniques of Demographic Analysis, Mumbai:
Himalaya Publishing House.
5. Shryock, H. S. (1970). The Methods and Materials of Demography, New York: Academic
Press.
6. Siegel, J. S., and Swanson, D. A. (2004). The Methods and Materials of Demography.
Boston: Academic Press.
7. Taylor, P. J. (1977). Quantitative Methods in Geography. Boston: Hughton Miffin Co.
8. Wilkinson, F. J., and Monkhouse, H. R. (1966). Maps and Diagrams: Their Compilation
and Construction. London: Metheun and Co.

GEO 553 MJ: Geographical Thought
Major Core Theory
No. of
Semester
Group Course Total

Year

lecture)
Major Geographical
I II Theory GEO 553 MJ 02 30 02
Core Thought

1. To understand development in the Geography during ancient and modern period.
2. To assess the true nature of geography while studying the course of its evolution
through debates and discussions.
3. To understand the diverse views expressed by geographers in different parts of the
world.
4. To know about the enormous contribution made by the Indian Geographers.
Topic No. of
No. periods
History of i. Geographical Thought of Greek and Roman
Geographical ii. Dark Age
1. 08
Thought in Ancient iii. Arab Geographical Thought
Period
History of i. French and German Geographical Thought
Geographical ii. American and British Geographical Thought
2. 08
Thought in Modern iii. Russian Geographical Thought
Period
i. Determinism and Possibilism
Dualism in
3. ii. Systematic versus Regional Geography 07
Geography
iii. Physical versus Human Geography
i. Ancient Indian Geography and Scientific
Indian Outlook
4. Geographical ii. Modern Indian Geographers 07
Thought iii. Indian Geography: Problems and
Perspectives
Total 30

Course Outcome:
COs 1: Understand the Historical development of Geography.
COs 2: Establishing relationship of Geography with other disciplines.
COs 3: Analyzing modern and contemporary principles of Systematic, Regional, Physical
and Human approaches in Geography.
COs 4: Elaborate philosophy and Contribution of Indian Geographers.
References:
1. Adhikari, S. (2006), Fundamentals of geographical thought, Allahabad, India.
2. Adhikari, Sudeepta (2010) Fundamentals of Geographical Thought, Chaitanya
PublishingHouse, Allahabad, India.
3. Ahmad, N., (1947), Muslim contributions to geography, Lahore.
4. Ahmad, S.M. (953), Al-Masudi’s contribution to medieval geography Islamic culture,
Vol. XXVII, No.2
5. Ali , S.M, (1976), Arab geographical thought, Aligarh, India.
6. Arild Halt (1980), Geography: Its history and concepts, London.
7. Dikshit, R. D. (2006), Geographical Thought: A Contextual History of Ideas, Prentice
Hall ofIndia, New Delhi, India.
8. Dikshit, R.D. (2001), “Indian geography: An encounter with reality”, Transactions,
Institute of Indian Geographers, 23 (1 and 2), pp: 1-18, India.
9. Hartshorne, R. (1959), Perspective on Nature of Geography, Chicago.
10. Husain, Majid (2004), Evolution of Geographical Thought, Rawat Publications, Jaipur,
India.
11. James and Martin (2005), “All Possible World: A History of Geographical Ideas”, 2nd
edition, John Wiley and Sons: New York.

M. A. / M. Sc. Geography First Year (Sem. II)(as per NEP 2020)
GEO 554 MJ (A): Coastal Geomorphology
Special Paper – 2 (Theory)
No. of
Semester
Group Course Total

Year

lecture)
Major Coastal
I II Theory GEO 554 MJ (A) 04 60 04
Core Geomorphology

1. To introduce coastal system and shore zone.
2. To know the coastal processes like wave, tide and current.
3. To know the causes and consequences of sea level change.
4. To analyze Coastal environments; Fluvial and Coastal dominated.
5. To Know the Coastal Hazards and Conservation of coastal area,
Topic No. of
No. periods
i. Introduction to coastal geomorphology
ii. The coastal environment: littoral, shore,
coastal zones
iii. Components of coastal systems processes,
Introduction
1 sediment transport, morphology. 08
iv. Spatial and temporal variation in Coastal
Geomorphology
v. Coastal classification: genetic and
morphological
Waves:
i. Definition wave length, amplitude, depth,
period, fetch, frequency
ii. Types of waves: sea waves, swell waves,
capillary waves, gravity waves, long period
tidal waves, storm waves, standing waves
Coastal
iii. Process of shoaling: wave breakers- spilling,
Processes:
plunging and surging, reflection, diffraction
2 Waves and Tides 10
and refraction of waves
Tides:
i. Equilibrium Theory of Tides
ii. Dynamical Theory of Tides
iii. Semidiurnal, diurnal, spring, and neap tides
iv. Tides in bays and estuaries
v. Tides and coastal landforms

i. Transgression, regression, relative and
eustatic sea level change
Sea level ii. Causes and consequences of sea level change
3 09
Changes iii. Indicators of former sea levels: Fossil beach
ridges, beach rocks, abandoned cliffs, caves ,
raised features , marine terraces
i. Properties of coastal sediments
ii. Types: clastic and biogenic sediments
Coastal
4 iii. Grain size characteristics 09
Sediments
iv. Sources of sediments: coastline erosion and
sea floor
Fluvial-dominated:
i. Coastal deltas:
classification, formation, morphology of delta
plain, delta front and pro-delta, Fan delta,
Coastal braided delta, morphodynamics of deltas
environments: Wave-dominated:
Fluvial and
5 i. Process of deposition, 09
Wave
Beaches and spits: profiles, types and
dominated
sediments, barrier islands, coastal sand dunes,
dune systems, sea cliffs and caves: formation
and morphology, shore platforms: formation
types and morphology, sea arches, stack,
stumps, geos and blow holes
Coastal hazard:
i. Impact, vulnerability and risk
Coastal Hazards ii. Shoreline erosion
6 and Coastal iii. Coastal adaptation and resilience 08
Conservation iv. Coastal conservation
v. Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ Notification
2018)
Current coastal issues:
i. Sea level rise
ii. Storm hazard management
Applied coastal iii. Tsunami
7 07
Geomorphology iv. Coastal erosion and progradation
v. Wetlands, kharlands, estuarine reclamation
vi. Salt water intrusion
Total 60

Course Outcome:
By the end of the course, student will be able to - -
COs 1 : Actual knowing the coastal system and shore zone.
COs 2 : It actually helps students to knowing the coastal processes like wave, tide and ocean
current and they aware about it.
COs 3 : Students knowing the causes and consequences of sea level change and they aware
about the future Hazards.
COs 4 : Students knowing the Coastal Hazards and is apply this knowledge to Conservation of
coastal area,
References:
1. Bird, E.C. (2000): Coastal Geomorphology: An Introduction, John Wiley and
Sons,Chichester.
2. Bloom, A.L. (2002): Geomorphology: A Systematic Analysis of Late
Cenozoic,Landforms, Prentice-Hall of India, New Delhi.
3. Davis, J.L. (1980): Geographical variation in coastal development, Longman, New York
Geomorphology Hodder Education, London.
4. Goudie, A.S. (Eds.) (2004): Encyclopaedia of Geomorphology, Routledge, London.
5. Ivan, V. (2006): Global Coastal Change, Blackwell publishing, Oxford.
K. 8.
6. KarlekarShrikant (2009): Coastal processes and landforms, Diamond Publication, Pune
7. King, C.A.M. (1972): Beaches and Coasts, Edward Arnold, London.
London.
8. Masselink, G. Hughes, M. and Knight, J. (2011): Introduction to Coastal Processes and
9. Pethick, J. (1984): An Introduction to Coastal Geomorphology, Arnold-Heinemann,
10. Tooley, M. M. and Shennan, I. (1987): Sea level changes, Basil Blackwell, Oxford, U.

M. A. / M. Sc. Geography First Year (Sem. II) (as per NEP 2020)
GEO 554 MJ (B): Agro- Meteorology
Core Special– 2 (Theory)
No. of
Semester
Group Course Total

Year

lecture)
Major Agro-
I II Theory GEO 554 MJ (B) 04 60 04
Core Meteorology

5. To comprehend the role of meteorological factors in agricultural production.
6. To acquaint the students with the application of geospatial technologies in Agro-
Meteorology.
7. To make students aware of the applications of crop models for agricultural decision-
making.
8. To understand the implications of climate change in the field of agriculture and allied
activities.
Topic No. of
No. periods
Nature and Scope of Agro-Meteorology,
1 Introduction Perspectives and Applications of Agro- 5
Meteorology
Solar Radiation and its role in plant growth,
Solar Radiation Interception by Plants, Concepts
2 Plants and Energy of Soil and Air Temperature, Thermoperiodism, 8
Plant injury due to sudden changes in
temperature
Concepts of Evaporation and
Plants and
3 Evapotranspiration, Water Use and Loss in 8
Moisture
irrigation, Water loss and its measurements
Definition, Meteorological Indicators, Drought
4 Droughts 6
Assessment Methods, Desertification
Role of Weather and Climate, Pests and Insects
Crops and
5 affecting crop plants, climate and parasites of 6
Biological Hazards
animals
Remote Sensing Applications in Agro-
Applications of RS Meteorology, GIS applications in the field of
6 7
and GIS Agro-Meteorology

Computer Models Modeling Biological Response to weather
7 in Agricultural conditions, applications of crop models, 7
Systems Decision Support System (DSS)
Agro-
Weather and Climate Forecasting,
8 climatological 6
Use and Benefits of Climate Forecast system
Services
Climate variability and Climate change,
Climate change observed impacts of climate change on
9 7
and Agriculture agriculture, hydrology and livestock; Future
scenarios of climate change
Total 60
Course Outcome:
COs 1 : Understand the relationship between meteorological factors and
agricultural activities.
COs 2 : Utilize drought assessment method in different climatic regions.
COs 3 : Learn applications of remote sensing and Geographical Information
System for decision-making in agricultural activities.
COs 4 : Synthesize the impacts of observed climate change on agricultural systems
and predict future scenarios.
References:
1. Doorenbos, J. (1977). Crop water requirements. FAO irrigation and drainage paper, 24, 1-
144.
2. Kakade, J. R. (1985). Agricultural climatology. Metropolitan Book Co. New Delhi.
3. Mavi, H. S. (1986). Introduction to agrometeorology. Oxford & IBH Publishing.
4. Mavi, H. S., & Tupper, G. J. (2004). Agrometeorology: principles and applications of
climate studies in agriculture. CRC Press.
5. Sharma, B.T. (2015). Agricultural and hydrological applications of remote sensing. Koros
Publishing.

GEO 554 MJ (C): Geography of Development
No. of Total
Semester
Group Course
Year

(V) Course Code
lecture) week
Major Geography of
I II Theory GEO 554 MJ (C) 04 60 04
Core Development

1. To understand the concept of growth and development with geographical perspectives.
2. To develop an understanding of agricultural economics in the theoretical as well as
practical context.
3. To discuss and debate the various issues and challenges faced by agrarian economies.
4. To understand international trade and its relation with regional economic development.
5. To understand the theories of economic growth and concepts in development.
Topic No. of
No. periods
Introduction i. Concept of Economic Growth and Development
1. ii. Per capita income as an index of development. 06
iii. Economic development in geographical perspective.
i. The Harrod Domar growth model and its application
Theories of to LDC’s
Economic ii. Solow model of economic growth
2. 10
Growth and iii. The Big Push Model (Rosenstein-Rodan)
Development iv. Growth pole theories – regional development
Role of i. Role of Agriculture in economic development
3. Agriculture and ii. Role of industries major reasons for industrialization 06
Industry in LDCs (Least Developed Countries)
i. Concept and impact of globalization.
Trade ,
ii. Trade as an engine of economic growth
Development
4. iii. Types and measurement of international capital 10
and
flows
Globalization
iv. Role of World Bank , FDI.
i. Social Development
Sustainable ii. Industrial Development
5. 10
Development iii. Economic Development
iv. Environmental Development
Application of i. Case study – success stories of economic developed
6. Economic village / town. 18
Development
Total 60

Course Outcome:
COs 1 : Students develop conceptual knowledge of growth and development.
COs 2 : Analyze and evaluate the subject with reference to various aspects of economic.
COs 3 : Students are able to interpret the data with analysis of development theories
COs 4 : Develop an understanding of various concepts of sustainable development.
COs 5 : Interpret the characteristics of developed village or towns.
References:
1. Ajit Singh and Hamid Tabatabai (1993) ‘Economic Crisis and Third World Agriculture’,
Cambridge University Press
2. B.N.P Singh (2004) ‘Indian Economy Today Changing Contours’ .Deep and Deep
Publications
3. Behrman, S. and T.N. Srinivasan (1995), Handbook of Development Economics, Vol. 3,
Elsevier, Amsterdam.
4. Brown, M. (1966), On the Theory and Measurement of Technical Change, Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, Mass.
5. C.S.Prasad (2006) ‘Sixty years of Indian Agriculture’–New Delhi
6. Chenery, H. and T.N. Srinivasan (Eds.) (1989), Handbook of Development Economics,
Vols.1 and 2, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
7. DewettKewal (2005) Indian Economy C. Chand andCo. Ltd, New Delhi
8. Gillis, M., D.H. Perkins, M. Romer and D.R. Snodgrass (1992), Economics of
Development,(3rd Edition), W.W. Norton, New York.
9. GopalJiand Suman Bhakari (2012) ‘Indian Economy Performance and Policies, Pearson
Publication Delhi
10. Gulati andKelley(1999),‘Trade Liberalization of Indian Agriculture’ OUP
11. Hansra Parumal and Chandrakarn– ‘Modernization of Indian Agriculture in the 21st
Century- Challenges, Opportunity and Strategies’ Concept Publication Co. New Delhi.


GEO 554 MJ (D): Geography of Rural Settlement
Semester
Course No. of Total

Year
Group Course Total

Geography of
Major
I II Theory GEO 554 MJ (D) Rural 04 60 04
Core
Settlement

1. To understand rural settlements, its growth and distribution
2. To study the theories of settlement and morphogenesis of rural settlement
3. To intends to acquaint the students with rural house types and rural settlement in
Maharashtra
4. To make students aware about demographic characteristics of rural settlement
5. To aware about Schemes for rural development
Topic No. of
No. periods
1. Definition, nature and scope
Introduction to 2. Evolution of Settlements
1 Geography of 3. Historical, cultural and geographical aspects of 06
Rural Settlements rural settlement related in place names
4. Approaches to study of rural settlement
1. Site, situation and location

2. Factors influencing on settlement site and
Growth and
situations
2 Distribution of 10
3. Factors influencing on growth of settlements
Settlement
4. Dispersion and nucleation
5. Factors influencing on dispersion and nucleation
1. Central place theory

Theories of
3 2. Centrality and hierarchy of rural service centre 06
Settlement
3. Rank size rule
Morphology of 1. Social and Cultural

Rural Settlement 2. Economic organization within villages
4 08
and 3. Functional growth
Transformation 4. Socio-economic transformation in rural areas
1. Primitive, vernacular and modern high rise
5 Rural House Types 2. Factors affecting on rural house types- Physical, 08
social, cultural and economic
3. Size, functional use and architectural style
4. Building material
1. Age, Sex, Education and Occupation
Demographic 2. Migration: Causes and consequence of migration
6 Characteristics of in rural areas 08
Rural Settlement 3. Seasonal migration
4. Commuting patterns
1. Characteristics of rural settlement in
Maharashtra
Rural Settlement in
7 2. Rural settlement patterns in Maharashtra 06
Maharashtra
3. Modern forms of rural settlements
4. Problems and Prospects of Settlements
1. Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana (Gramin)
Schemes for rural 2. Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana
8 08
development 3. Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana
4. Pradhan Mantri Gram Samridhi Yojana
Total 60
Course Outcome:
COs 1 : Understand rural settlements, its growth and distribution.
COs 2 : Explain the theories of settlement and morphogenesis of rural settlement.
COs 3 : Acquaint rural house types and rural settlement in Maharashtra.
COs 4 : Analyze the demographic characteristics of rural settlement.
COs 5 : Understand the Schemes for rural development.
References:
1. Alam, S.M. et.al. (1982): Settlement System of India Oxford and IBH Publication Co.,
New Delhi
2. Chisholm M. (1967): Rural Settlement and Land use. John Wiley, New York
3. Chisholm, M., Rural Settlement and Land Use, Hutchinson, London,1970
4. Clout, H.D. (1977): Rural Geography, Pergamon, Oxford
5. Ghosh, Sumita, Introduction to Settlement Geography, Orient Longman, Calcutta, 1998
6. Ghosh. S. (2015): “Introduction to Settlement Geography”, Orient Blackswan Private
Limited, Hyderabad
7. Hudson, F.S. (1976):A Geography of Settlements, Macdonald and Evans, New York
8. Mandal, R.B. 2001. Introduction to Rural Settlement, 2nd ed, Concept Publishing
Company
9. Musmade A H, Sonawane AE, More JC, (2015): Population and Settlement Geography,
(Marathi), Diamond Publication, Pune
GEO 555 MJP (A): Practicals in Coastal Geomorphology
Semester Core Special - 2 (Practical)

Year
Course Total
Vertical and Course Title Periods lectures
Type Credits
Practicals in
Major
I II Practical GEO 555 MJP (A) Coastal 02 30 02
Core
Geomorphology

1. To Understand the Geomorphic Landforms using topographical maps and satellite images.
2. To analyze the wave processes and recording data.
3. To analyze the spatio-temporal variation of tides in coastal area.
4. Creation of coastal profiles in selected coastal study area.
5. To collect and to analyze coastal sediment.
6. Organize a field visit to coastal area.
Topic No. of
No. periods
Geomorphic i. Study of Coastal Landforms using
1 4
Landforms Topographic Maps and Satellite Images
i. Wave Analysis, Recording of Waves in the
2 Wave Analysis 6
Surf Zone
3 Tide Analysis i. Tide Data Analysis and Classification 6
4 Coastal Profile i. i. Beach/ Dune/ Sand Bar Profiles 6
5 Coastal Sediments i. Sample Collection and Analysis 4
i. Study/measurement of beach/cliff/shore
Field Work/ Study platform morphology in the field

6 4
tour ii. Observations and recording of human activities
in selected coastal areas
Total 30

Course Outcome:
COs 1 : Develop geomorphic mapping.
COs 2 :Understand coastal wave processes and recording data.
COs 3 :Explain the various processes of spatio-temporal variation of tide in coastal area.
COs 4 :Synthesize data and creation of coastal profiles in selected coastal area.
References:
1. Bloom, A. L. (2002). Geomorphology: A Systematic Analysis of Late Cenozoic, Landforms,
New Delhi: Prentice Hall of India.
2. Carter, R. W. G. (1988). Coastal Environments, London: Academic press ltd.
3. Dackombe, R. V. and Gardiner, V. (1983): Geomorphological Field Manual. George Allen and
Unwin, London.
4. Goudie, A. (1990): Geomorphological Techniques. Unwin Hyman, London.
5. King, C. A. M. (1972). Beaches and Coasts, London: Edward Arnold.
6. Pethick, J. (1984). An Introduction to Coastal Geomorphology. London: Arnold-Heinemann.
7. Smith, M. J., Paron, P., and Griffiths, J. (2011). Geomorphological Mapping. Amsterdam:
Elsevier.

GEO 555 MJP (B): Pracitcals in Agro-Meteorology
Semester
Core Special - 2 (Practical)

Year
Course Total
Type Credits
Pracitcals in
Major
I II Practical GEO 555 MJP (B) Agro- 02 30 02
Core
Meteorology

1. Understand the use of meteorological data for measuring water loss from crop plants.
2. Acquaint themselves with the four crop phenological stages and prepare crop calendar
according to the phenological stage.
3. Understand the components of water balance that are critical in agricultural systems.
4. Assess the importance of irrigation scheduling in optimizing water management.
Topic No. of
No. periods
Water loss and Concept of Evapotranspiration, Estimation of
1 its Potential Evapotranspiration, Crop 7
measurement Evapotranspiration, Crop coefficient Curve
Crop Crop Phenological Stages, Preparation of Crop
2 7
Phenology Weather Calendar
Components of Water Balance, Computation of
3 Water Balance 8
Weekly Water Balance
Concepts of Available Water and Management
Irrigation
4 Allowable Deficit (MAD), Computation of Irrigation 8
Scheduling
Scheduling
Total 30
Course Outcome:
COs 1: Utilize different meteorological methods for estimation of crop
evapotranspiration.
COs 2: Prepare crop weather calendar on the basis of crop phenological stages and variability of
climatic conditions.
COs 3: Design and implement water balance methods for sustainable agriculture.
COs 4: Acquire skills to effectively schedule irrigation activities for optimal crop production
and water use efficiency.

References:
9. Doorenbos, J. (1977). Crop water requirements. FAO irrigation and drainage paper, 24,
1-144.
10. Mavi, H. S., & Tupper, G. J. (2004). Agrometeorology: principles and applications of
climate studies in agriculture. CRC Press.
11. Thornthwaite, C. W. and Mather, J. R. (1957): Instructions and Tables for Computing
Potential Evapotranspiration and Water Balance, Drexel Institute of Technology,
Laboratory of Climatology
5. Broner, I. (1989). Irrigation scheduling. Service in action; no. 4.708.

GEO 555 MJP (C): Practicals in Geography of Development
Special Paper- 2 (Practical)
Semester

Year
Course Total
Vertical and Course Title Periods lectures
Type Credits
Practicals in
Major
I II Practicals GEO 555 MJP (C) Geography of 02 30 02
Core
Development

1. To understand the application of economic theories in economic data calculation.
2. To acquaint the students with application of techniques in Industrial Geography, Trade
and Transport Geography.
3. To familiarize the students with the cartographic techniques in the presentation of
economical data.
Topic No. of
No. periods
Application of following theories with statistical
Application of data :
Theories in v. Solow model analysis of economic growth
1. 08
Economic Growth vi. The Big Push Model (Rosenstein-Rodan)
and Development (each theory explain with one suitable
examples)
Techniques in i. Lorenz Curve : Calculation and Plotting
2. Industrial ii. Location Quotient: Calculation and Plotting 07
Geography iii. Gini’s Co-efficient
iii. Measure in Network structure: Ratio measure,
Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Associate Number and
Techniques in
Cyclomatric number
Trade and
3. iv. Gravity Potential Population Surface 08
Transportation
techniques
Geography
v. Break Point Theory
vi. Law of Retail Trade Gravitation
v. Use of Thematic Maps in Economic
Cartographic Geography
Techniques in vi. Use of Choropleth Maps in Economic
4. 07
Economic Geography
Geography vii. Use of GIS for presenting economical
development level
Total 30

Course Outcome:
COs 1: Understand the economic theories with statistical data.
COs 2: The illustration of techniques in the field of industrial and transport geography.
COs 3: Analyze and explain the cartographic techniques in economical data analysis.
COs 4: Inculcate the knowledge of changing dynamics in the industrial and transport sector
that will help them in their research studies
References:
1. Ajit Singh and Hamid Tabatabai (1993) ‘Economic Crisis and Third World Agriculture’,
Cambridge University Press
2. B.N.P Singh (2004) ‘Indian Economy Today Changing Contours’ .Deep and Deep
Publications
3. Behrman, S. and T.N. Srinivasan (1995), Handbook of Development Economics, Vol. 3,
Elsevier, Amsterdam.
4. Brown, M. (1966), On the Theory and Measurement of Technical Change, Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, Mass.
5. C. S. Prasad (2006) ‘Sixty years of Indian Agriculture’–New Delhi
6. Development,(3rd Edition), W.W. Norton, New York.
7. Gopal Jiand Suman Bhakari (2012) ‘Indian Economy Performance and Policies, Pearson
Publication Delhi
8. Hansra Parumal and Chandrakarn–‘Modernization of Indian Agriculture in the 21st
Century- Challenges, Opportunity and Strategies’ Concept Publication Co. New Delhi.
9. Kindleberger, C.P. (1977), Economic Development, (3rd Edition), McGraw Hill, New
York. Economics
10. M.P.Singh (2004) ‘Indian Economy Today-Problems Planning and Development’ Deep
and Deep Publication.
11. Norton George W. And Jeffery Alwang (1993) ‘The Introduction to Economic and
Agricultural Development’ McGraw Hill Co. Publication
12. Singh Acharya, Sagar (2002) ‘Sustainable Agricultural Poverty and Food Securities’ Rawat
Publications Jaipur Vol.- I and II

GEO 555 MJP (D): Practicals in Geography of Rural Settlement
Special Paper -2 (Practical)
Total
Semester
Group Course No. of

Year

Vertical and Course Title Pracitcals
Type Credits per
(V) Course Code
week
Practicals in
Major Geography of
I II Practical GEO 555 MJP (D) 02 30 02
Core Rural
Settlement

1. To develop interest and practical skills in Rural Settlement Geography.
2. To understand the different practical concepts in Settlement Geography.
3. To study the differences between rural and urban settlements.
4. To analyze the collected primary data from village survey.
5. To encourage the students for statistical analysis in Settlement Geography.
Topic No. of
No. Practicals
i. Methods of Concentration and Dispersion
of rural settlement
(Dispersion of rural settlements- Nearest
Measurement Neighbor Scale - Clark and Evans Method
of Methods in (1954))
1 07
Rural ii. Measurement of Shape (Pattern) of rural
Settlements settlement
(Determinants of Spacing and Methods of
Size and Spacing )
(analyze any one example for each sub points)
Rural Service i. Identification of Rural Service Centres-On

Centres and the Basis of Score of Functions
2 06
Hierarchy of ii. Identification of Hierarchy-
Settlements b) Rank- Size Rule

i. Prepare questionnaire for social /
economical/ cultural data collection
through village survey
Village Survey ii. Village Information Map Using GPS
3 & GPS 11
iii. Prepare Village survey report with help of
Mapping
above collected data.
(select any village for above survey in the
vicinity of the college)
i. Basic Spatial Elements –
Application of a. Points
GIS in Rural b. Lines and
4 06
Settlement c. Polygons
Geography ii. Overlay Methods
iii. Buffer Analysis
30
Total
Course Outcome:
COs 1 : Familiarize with fundamental concepts and methods of Settlement Geography
COs 2 : Understand the similarities and differences between rural and urban settlements.
COs 3 : Compare conditions and connections in one place to another
COs 4 : Give reasons for the hierarchy of settlements and services in rural area.
COs 5: Analyze the inter-relationship between physical and cultural environments and utilize
such knowledge in reflecting on issues related to rural settlement.
References:
1. Haggett, P. (1965). Locational Analysis in Human Geography. London: Edward Arnold.
2. Hall, T. (2006). Urban Geography. London: Routledge.
3. Mandal, R. B. (2001). Introduction to Rural Settlement. New Delhi: Concept Publishing
4. Pacione, M. (2009). Urban Geography- A Global Perspective. London: Routledge.
5. Pathak, K. B., & Ram, F. (2013). Techniques of Demographic Analysis. Mumbai: Himalaya
6. Berry, B. J. L. (1965): Geography of Market Centers and Retail Distribution, Prentice Hall.
7. Carter (1972): The Study of Urban Geography, Edward Arnold, London.
8. Christaller, Walter (1933): Central Places in Southern Germany (Translated by C. W.
Baskinin 1966), Prentice Hall, New Jersey.
Company.
9. Ghosh, Sumita (1999) : Introduction to Settlement Geography, Orient Longman, Kolkata.
10. Gosal, G. S. (1972) : Geography of Rural Settlement : A Survey of Research in
Geography, Indian Council of Social Science Research (New Delhi).
11. Hudson, F. S. (1976) : A Geography of Settlements , Mac Donald and Evans, New York.
GEO 560 MJ: Introduction to Remote Sensing
(Major Elective Group A- Theory)
Semester
Course No. of Total

Year
Group Course Total

Major Introduction to
Elective Remote Sensing

1. To introduce the students with basic remote sensing techniques and its wide application fields
2. To acquaint the students with remotes sensing principles, EMR, types and platforms, satellites
images
3. To familiarize the students with the aerial photography and its interpretation techniques
No. of
Topic
Topic Name Sub Topic lectures
No.
1. i. Introduction and Definition
Introduction to ii. Types of remote sensing - Active and Passive
04
Remote Sensing iii. History and development of Remote Sensing in India
iv. Applications of Remote Sensing data
2. i. Stages in Remote sensing
ii. Electromagnetic Radiation and Electromagnetic
Spectrum
Electromagnetic iii. Interaction of EMR with atmosphere - scattering, 08
Energy Absorption and Atmospheric Windows
iv. Interaction of EMR with Earth’s surface features-
reflection, absorption, emission and transmission
3. i. Types of platforms- Ground based, Air based, Space
based
ii. Orbit- Geo-stationary and sun-synchronous
Remote Sensing iii. Sensors-Types and characteristics
Platforms and iv. Concept of Resolution - Spatial, Spectral, Temporal, 12
Sensors Radiometric
v. Earth Resources and meteorological Satellites
Aerial i. Definition and Geometric Characteristics

4. ii. Elements of aerial photography interpretation 06
Photography
Total 30

Course Outcome:
COs 1 : Write history of Indian remote sensing and application areas of RS
COs 2 : Discuss the EMR, EMS and types of RS
COs 3 : Illustrate RS platforms and sensors
COs 4 : Classify the satellite images based on sensor and resolution
COs 5 : Interpret the satellites data/images visually
COs 6 : Compare the satellite images and aerial photographs
COs 7 : Interpretation of aerial photographs
References:
1. American society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, (1999), Remote Sensing
for the Earth Sciences, Manual of Remote Sensing,3rd ,vol. 3, Wiley, New York
2. Bethesda (2005) Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Mary Land, USA. 2005.
3. Campbell, J. B. (2002), Introduction to Remote Sensing. London: Taylor and Francis.
4. Jensen, J.R. (2000), Remote Sensing of the Environment: An Earth resource
Perspective. Prentice Hall.
5. Joseph, G. (2003). Fundamentals of Remote Sensing, Hyderabad: University Press.
6. Lueder, D.R., (1959) Aerial photographic interpretation, McGraw Hill Book Co.,
7. Mather, P.M. (1999). Computer processing of remotely sensed images: an introduction,
Wiley, Chichester.
8. OllierLillesand, T. M., and Ralph, K. W. (2008). Remote Sensing and Image
Interpretation. Singapore: John Wiley and Sons.
9. Paul R.Wolf, (2001) Elements of Photogrammetry, McGraw-Hill Science, 2001.
10. Sabins, F. F. (1996). Remote Sensing: Principles and Interpretation, San Francisco: W.
H. Freemanand Company.
11. Shrikant Karlekar (2014) Remote Sensing, Diamond Publication, Pune
12. Tempfi, K., Kerle, N., Huurneman, G., and Janssen, L. F. (Eds) (2009). Principles of
Remote Sensing - An Introductory Text Book. Netherlands: The International Institute
for Geoinformation Science

GEO 561 MJP: Practicals in Remote Sensing
(Major Elective Group A – Practical)
Semester
Course No. of Total

Year
Group Course Total

& Course Title Practicals lectures
Major Practicals in
I II Practical GEO 561 MJP 02 30 02
Elective Remote Sensing

1. To familiarize students with the tools and techniques of interpretation ofArial
photographs, satellite image
2. To introduced students with Digital Image Processing methods applying satellite data
3. To create skill amongst students about the mapping and accuracy assessment of
satellite data
No. of
Topic
Topic Name Sub Topic Practicals
No.
1. i.
Measurements and Interpretation
Scale and height (using parallax bar)
ii. Visual Interpretation of single aerial
Aerial Photography 08
photograph
iii. Interpretation of stereo pair using
Stereoscope
2. i. Visual interpretation of Landsat, LISS,
Satellite Images 08
PAN, Sentinel-2
3. Use of open source GIS software and classify
Digital Image any satellite image applying the methods of
08
Processing i. Supervised Classification
ii. Unsupervised Classification
4. i. Land use/land cover map using GIS
software (upto secondary level
classification)
Mapping and
ii. Ground Truth- Land use / land cover layer 06
accuracy assessment
ground verification
iii. Accuracy assessment of Land use/land
cover map
Total
30

Course Outcome:
COs 1 : List the elements of visual interpretation key of aerial photos and satellite images.
COs 2 : Identify geographical features from aerial photos and satellite images
COs 3 : Use of stereoscope and open source GIS software
COs 4 : Classify the land use/land cover layers using DIP
COs 5 : Compose land use/land cover maps using software’s
COs 6 : Examine accuracy assessment of Land use/land cover map
COs 7 : Invent object height using aerial photographs with stereoscope
References:
6. American society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, (1999), Remote Sensing
for the Earth Sciences, Manual of Remote Sensing,3rd,vol. 3, Wiley, New York
7. Bethesda (2005) Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Mary Land, USA. 2005.
8. Campbell, J. B. (2002), Introduction to Remote Sensing. London: Taylor and Francis.
9. Jensen, J.R. (2000), Remote Sensing of the Environment: An Earth resource
Perspective. Prentice Hall.
10. Joseph, G. (2003). Fundamentals of Remote Sensing, Hyderabad: University Press.
11. Lueder, D.R., (1959) Aerial photographic interpretation, McGraw Hill Book Co.,
12. Mather, P.M. (1999). Computer processing of remotely sensed images: an
introduction, Wiley, Chichester.
13. Ollier Lillesand, T. M., & Ralph, K. W. (2008). Remote Sensing and Image
Interpretation. Singapore: John Wiley and Sons.
14. Paul R.Wolf, (2001) Elements of Photogrammetry, McGraw-Hill Science, 2001.
15. Sabins, F. F. (1996). Remote Sensing: Principles and Interpretation, San Francisco:
W. H. Freeman and Company.
16. Shrikant Karlekar (2014) Remote Sensing, Diamond Publication, Pune

GEO 562 MJ: Geography of India
(Major Elective Group B – Theory)
Semester
No. of Total
Group Course
Year

(B) Course Code
lecture) week
Major Geography
Elective of India

1. To understand Physiography and Drainage system with their importance in human
development.
2. To explain the various types of climate and soils with their importance in human
development.
3. To applying geographical knowledge to everyday living and development of
agriculture and industries.
4. To create awareness among students about importance of major resources and their
conservation.
Topic No. of
No. periods
1. i. Location and Extension
Physiography
a) Physiographic division of India.
and Drainage
b) Drainage systems:- 15
Ganga River System.
Godavari River System
2. i. Climate :
(i) Main Seasons and Associated weather
conditions:
(ii) Origin and mechanism of monsoon:
Climate and ii. Traditional concept: Halley’s view
07
Soil iii. Recent Concept: (i) Role of Tibet plateau
(a)ITCZ (b) Jet Stream
(c) El-Nino and La Nina
iv. Soils : Major soil types and their distribution in
India.

3. i. Agriculture:
(a)Factors affecting on Indian Agriculture:
Environmental, Technological Factors,
Institutional Factors.
ii. Distribution and Production of Major Crops:
Agriculture a. Rice, b. Wheat, 04
c. Cotton and d. Sugarcane.
iii. Green revolution in India.
iv. Problems and Prospects of Agriculture
Development in India.
4. i. Industries : (a) Major Industries in India:
a. Cotton Textile, c. Sugar
Industries b. Iron and Steel, d. I T Industries.
ii. Major Industrial Regions in India. 04
iii. Problems and Prospects of Industrial
development in India.
Total 30
N.B.: According need of topics, maps are expected.
Course Outcome:
COs 1 : Understand Physiography and Drainage system with their importance.
COs 2 : Explain the various types of climate and soils with their importance in human
development.
COs 3 : Applying knowledge of geography to solve a problems related to agricultural and
industrial development in India.
Reference Books:
1. Agrawal A. N. (2019): “Indian economy, Developmental Problems and policies” New
Age International Pvt. Ltd.
2. Bindra, S.S. (1989): India and Her Neighbours, Deep and Deep Publications, New
Delhi.
3. Chatterjee, Rupali. (2015): “Geography of India”, Global Academic Publishers, New
Delhi.
4. Deshpande, C.D (1992): India- A Regional Interpretation, Northern Book Centre,
New Delhi.
5. Dubey and Negi - Economic Geography of India.
6. Gautam, Alka. (2006): “Advanced Geography of India”, Sharda Pustak Bhawan,
Allahabad, India.
7. Geography of India (2022) (The Gist of NCERT 6-12 Class) Books.

GEO 563 MJP: Practicals in Surveying
Semester (Major Elective Group B – Practical)
Course No. of Total

Year
Group Course Total

& Course Title practical lectures
Major Practicals in
I II Practical GEO 563 MJP 02 30 02
Elective Surveying

1. To introduce students to the fundamental principles and techniques used in surveying.
2. To provide hands-on experience in conducting field surveys.
3. To emphasize the importance of accuracy, precision, and ethical considerations in
surveying.
4. To encourage critical thinking and problem-solving skills in the context of surveying.
Topic No. of
No. periods
Introduction to
Surveying and i. Surveying: Definitions and Overview
Mapping ii. Role and importance of surveying
iii. Types of survey;
1 a. According to area covered 05
b. According to instruments
c. According to nature of field
d. According to purpose
A- Dumpy level :
i. Components and common terms used in dumpy
level survey
ii. Leveling , Types of leveling
iii. Types and Methods of leveling
Angular iv. Profile drawing and block contouring
2 Measurement and B.- Theodolite : 15
Leveling i. Components and common terms
ii. Temporary and permanent adjustment
iii. Measurement of Horizontal Angle – Direct,
Repetition, Reiteration
iv. Measurement of vertical angle and deflection
angle
Application of i. Field visit for data collection using dumpy level
3 survey and Theodolite. 10
Survey Methods
Total 30

Course Outcome:
COs 1 : Demonstrate a basic concept of surveying.
COs 2 : Aware about various surveying instruments.
COs 3 : Acquire the skill to conduct field survey, including data collection, measurement,
and observation.
COs 4 : Effectively in terms to plan and execute surveying.
References:
1. Asis Sarkar (2015): Practical Geography, A Systematic Approach, Orient Black Swan
2. Duggal, S.K. (2013): Surveying Vol. 2, McGraw Hill Publication, New York.
3. Kanetkar, T.P. and Kulkarni, S.V. (2010): Surveying and Leveling Vol. II, Pune
Vidyarthi Publication, Pune.
4. Maslov, AV., Gordeev, A.V. and Batrakov, Yu.G. (1984): Geodetic surveying, Mir
Publishers, Moscow.
5. Rangwala, S.C. (2011): Surveying and Leveling, Charotar Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.
Anand,(Gujarat), India.
6. Punmia B.C., Jain A. and Jain A. (2011): Surveying, Vol. II. and III, Laxmi
Publication -New Delhi.
7. R. Subramanian :Surveying and Levelling, Oxford University Press
8. S.K. Roy: Fundamental of surveying, PHI

GEO 564 MJ: Political Geography
(Major Elective Group C – Theory)
Total
Semester
Course No. of
Year
Group Course Total lectures

and Course Title Periods
Vertical (V) Type Credits per
Course Code
week
Major Political
Elective Geography

1. To explain the historical evolution of the discipline of Political Geography.
2. To provide knowledge about key concepts, including the state, the nation, frontiers,
boundaries, Buffer zones, Core area, etc.
3. To help to understand the theoretical models related to geopolitics and geo-strategy.
4. To understand how geography influences political issues and their spatial dimensions.
5. To evaluate the contemporary geopolitical and geostrategic issues of India
No. of
Topic
Topic Name Sub Topic periods
No.
Introduction to i. Definition, nature, and scope
1 Political ii. Historical background of Political Geography 04
Geography iii. Importance of Political Geography
i. Territory and territoriality
Concepts in
ii. Concept of State and Nation
2 Political 06
iii. Frontiers and Boundaries
Geography
vi. Buffer zones, Buffer states
Theories of i. Heartland Theory (Halford J. Mackinder),
3 Political ii. Rimland Theory (Nicholas J. Spykman), 06
Geography iii. Sea Power (Alfred Thayer Mahan),
i. Concept of Geopolitics
4 Geopolitics ii. Geopolitical Significance of the Indian Ocean 07
iii. Geopolitics of the Middle East.
i. International Border disputes: -
Contemporary a. India and China
5 Issues Related b. India and Pakistan 07
to India ii. International Water disputes:-
a. Indus and Brahmaputra
Total 30

Course Outcome:
COs 1 : Understand the historical evolution, development, and recent trends in Political
Geography.
COs 2 : Familiar with fundamental concepts of political geography.
COs 3 : Critically examine the theoretical models and their applications within geography.
COs 4 : Aware of current geopolitical issues and understand the significance of the Indian
Ocean within them.
COs 5 : Use the ideas of political geography to develop a position on a contemporary issue
and take a public stance on that issue.
References:
1. Alexander, L.M (1963): World Political Patterns, Ram McNally, Chicago.
2. Adhikari, S. (2008) Political Geography of India, ShardaPustakBhavan Allahabad
3. Adhikari S. (1997): Political Geography, Rawat Publication, Jaipur.
4. Dikshit R D. (1996): Political Geography – A Contemporary Perspective, Tata
McGraw Hill, New Delhi.
5. Dikshit R.D. (2000): Political Geography: The Spatiality of Politics, Tata McGraw
New Delhi.
6. Dodds, Klaus (2007): Geopolitics, New York: Oxford University Press.
7. Dwivedi R. L. (1996): Political Geography. Chaitanya Prakashan, Allahabad.
8. K. Siddhartha (1998) Nation State theory and Geopolitics: An introductory Political
Geography, Kisalaya Publication, Patana.
9. Moor, R. (1981): Modern Political Geography. McMillan, London.
10. Taylor Peter (1985): Political Geography, Longman, London.

GEO 565 MJP: Practicals in Digital Cartography
(Major Elective Group C –Practical)
Total
Semester
Group Course No. of

Year

Vertical and Course Title Practicals
Type Credits per
(V) Course Code
week
Practicals in
Major
I II Practical GEO 565 MJP Digital 02 30 04
Elective
Cartography

1. To understand the concept and significance of digital cartography and its applications in
various fields.
2. To explain the fundamental principles and components of GIS.
3. To acquire knowledge and skills in data collection techniques.
Topic No. of
No. Practicals
i. Overview of digital cartography
Digital Cartography ii. Data types
1 and GIS 07
iii. Data acquisition and management using GIS
software’s
i. Raster and vector data
ii. Coordinate Systems
Coordinate systems iii. Georeferencing of SOI Toposheet or satellite
2 08
and Georeferencing
image
iv. Mosaic and image subset
i. Digitization of three features i.e. Point, line and
polygon
3 Cartographic Design ii. Data editing and attribute attachment 07

iii. Symbolization
iv. Color selection in map layout
i. Labeling
ii. Elements of Maps
4 Map Layout 08
iii. Effective map layout and composition
iv. Creation of maps using GIS software’s
Total 30

Course Outcome:
COs 1 : Obtain knowledge about importance and applications of digital cartography.
COs 2 : Implement skill of open source GIS software for data acquisition and management.
COs 3 : Apply the skill about Georeferencing, and map layout tool.
COs 4 : Prepare digital map.
References:
1. Borden Dent and Jeffrey Torguson (2021) "Cartography: Thematic Map Design" (McGraw-
Hill Education)
2. Chris B. Jones (2014) "Geographical Information Systems and Computer Cartography"
(Taylor & Francis)
3. Cynthia A. Brewer (2015) "Designing Better Maps: A Guide for GIS Users" (Esri Press)
4. Dana Tomlin (2019) "Geographic Information Systems and Cartographic Modeling" (ESRI
Press)
5. David O'Sullivan and David J. (2010) "Geographic Information Analysis" Unwin (Wiley)
6. Ian Muehlenhaus (2018) "Web Cartography: Map Design for Interactive and Mobile
Devices" (CRC Press)
7. Ian Muehlenhaus and Keith (2020) "Digital Cartography" by Clarke (Pearson)
8. J. Ariza- López (2012) "Open Source Approaches in Spatial Data Handling" (Springer)
9. Jennifer George- Palilonis (2016) "A Practical Guide to Graphics Reporting: Information"
(Taylor & Francis)
10. John Jensen (2013) "Principles of Geographic Information Systems" (McGraw-Hill
Education) Jon Kimerling (2009) "Map Use: Reading, Analysis, Interpretation" (ESRI Press)
11. John P. Snyder (1995) "Map Projections: A Reference Manual" (CRC Press)
12. Kurt Menke (2020) "Mastering QGIS" (Packt Publishing)
13. Markus Neteler (2018) "Open Source GIS: A GRASS GIS Approach" (Springer)

GEO 581 OJT: On Job Training
Semester
Course No. of
Year
Group Course Total

& Course Title Periods
Course Code
On Job On Job
I II Practical GEO 581 OJT 04 60
Training Training

1. To give hands-on experience and practical training to students in different sectors
related to geography
2. To develop marketable skills among students
3. To expose students to different industrial, educational and research institutes and
future employers
4. To apply their knowledge in real situations
5. To gain experience in writing technical reports
Guidelines
 For on-job training, the students will be attached with the local institutions and employing
establishments, which have laboratory/workshop, other related facilities and where
adequate supervision by qualified personnel will be available.
 A student is expected to spend not less than 60 working hours on On-job training and
related activities.
 On-job training will be carried in the summer vacation after the students complete their
second semester examinations.
 Students need to provide the confirmation letter from the organization or the institute
where they have joined for on-job training.
 The continuous evaluation of the students’ performance in the on job-Training will be
carried out with the assistance of the personnel of training institutions/employing
establishments where this training will be imparted.
 The proof of completion of on-job training (work experience certificate and field report)
should be submitted during examination to the parent institution, duly issued and signed by
the concerned training authority.
Course Outcome:
By the end of the course, the students will be able to:
COs 1 : Embrace different pathways of learning, including experiential learning
COs 2 : Understand the social, economic and administrative considerations that influence the
working environment of different organizations
COs 3 : Learn new strategies like time management, multi-tasking and new skills
COs 4 : Get an opportunity to meet new people and learn networking skills
****************

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M. A. / M. Sc.

SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY, PUNE

Two Year Post Graduate Programme in Geography

Syllabus as per the guidelines of National Education Policy 2020

Savitribai Phule Pune University BOS, Geography 1|Page

SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY, PUNE

Savitribai Phule Pune University BOS, Geography 2|Page

Savitribai Phule Pune University BOS, Geography 3|Page

SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY, PUNE

Vertical Group (Semester - I) Credit for Credit for Total Credit

Savitribai Phule Pune University BOS, Geography 4|Page

Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune

Course Code Course Name

GEO 552 MJP Core Special– 1 (Practical) -- 02 02

GEO 553 MJ Geographical Thought 02 -- 02

GEO 554 MJ Core Special – 2 (Theory) 04 -- 04

(Select any one as per specialization

GEO 555 MJP Core Special - 2 (Practical) --- 02 02

Total credits related to Major Core 10 04 14

Savitribai Phule Pune University BOS, Geography 5|Page

Savitribai Phule Pune University BOS, Geography 6|Page

SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY, PUNE

Two Year Post Graduate Programme in Geography

Syllabus as per the guidelines of National Education Policy 2020

Savitribai Phule Pune University BOS, Geography 7|Page

Course Code Course Name

4. Practicals in Urban Geography

GEO 604 MJ Core Special – 4 (Theory) 04 -- 04

Savitribai Phule Pune University BOS, Geography 8|Page

Savitribai Phule Pune University BOS, Geography 9|Page

M. A. /M. Sc. Geography Semester IV

Course Code Course Name

GEO 653 MJP Practical in Watershed Management -- 02 02

Total credit related to Major Core 08 04 12

Elective GEO 660 MJ Advance Surveying 02 -- 02

GEO 663 MJP Practicals in Energy Audit -- 02 02

GEO 665 MJP Practicals in Green Audit -- 02 02

Total Credits related to Major Electives 02 02 04

Savitribai Phule Pune University BOS, Geography 10 | P a g e

M. A. / M. Sc. Geography – I (Semester - I)

vertical type Course code credit periods lectures

Objectives of the course:

Savitribai Phule Pune University BOS, Geography 13 | P a g e

Savitribai Phule Pune University BOS, Geography 14 | P a g e

M. A. / M. Sc. Geography – I (Semester - I)

Course Total Periods lectures

Objectives of the Course:

Topic Topic Name Sub Topic No. of

Savitribai Phule Pune University BOS, Geography 15 | P a g e

Savitribai Phule Pune University BOS, Geography 16 | P a g e

Course Total Periods

Objectives of the Course:

i. Rostow’s Model of Economic Growth

i. Concept of Trading bloc

Savitribai Phule Pune University BOS, Geography 15 | P a g e

Savitribai Phule Pune University BOS, Geography 16 | P a g e

Objectives of the Course:

Savitribai Phule Pune University BOS, Geography 17 | P a g e