This document classifies and compares three types of penicillin: benzyl penicillin, benzathine benzyl penicillin, and phenoxymethylpenicillin. It provides information on their coverage, dosage, route of administration, indications, and side effects. Notably, benzathine benzyl penicillin cannot be given intravenously because its large crystals could damage blood vessels and potentially cause cardiac arrest. Monitoring of vital signs, blood counts, renal function, and coagulation is also recommended when using these antibiotics.
This document classifies and compares three types of penicillin: benzyl penicillin, benzathine benzyl penicillin, and phenoxymethylpenicillin. It provides information on their coverage, dosage, route of administration, indications, and side effects. Notably, benzathine benzyl penicillin cannot be given intravenously because its large crystals could damage blood vessels and potentially cause cardiac arrest. Monitoring of vital signs, blood counts, renal function, and coagulation is also recommended when using these antibiotics.
This document classifies and compares three types of penicillin: benzyl penicillin, benzathine benzyl penicillin, and phenoxymethylpenicillin. It provides information on their coverage, dosage, route of administration, indications, and side effects. Notably, benzathine benzyl penicillin cannot be given intravenously because its large crystals could damage blood vessels and potentially cause cardiac arrest. Monitoring of vital signs, blood counts, renal function, and coagulation is also recommended when using these antibiotics.
This document classifies and compares three types of penicillin: benzyl penicillin, benzathine benzyl penicillin, and phenoxymethylpenicillin. It provides information on their coverage, dosage, route of administration, indications, and side effects. Notably, benzathine benzyl penicillin cannot be given intravenously because its large crystals could damage blood vessels and potentially cause cardiac arrest. Monitoring of vital signs, blood counts, renal function, and coagulation is also recommended when using these antibiotics.
( BenzathinePenicillin G) Coverage Effectiveness mainly against gram- Active against gram-positive bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria and Gram- positive organisms. Some gram-negative few gram negative such as Neisseria negative streptococcal infection organisms such as Neisseria gonorrhea gonorrhea and some anaerobes and and Leptospira spirochetes. Dose per vial 1.0 MU (600mg) 2.4 MU (1800mg) 125mg per tablet
Route of IV/IM IM PO administration Indication Treatment of severe infections caused Treatment of mild to moderately Treatment of respiratory infections , by -susceptible microorganisms. severe infection. sinusitis, soft and skin tissue infection Such as septicemia, meningitis, pericarditis, endocarditis and severe Prophylaxis of infection caused by pneumonia. these organism
Additional effect on treatment
sexual transmitted infection syphilis. Dosage Bacterial endocarditis Syphilis Secondary prevention rheumatic fever Adult: IV 7.2-12 g or more, given daily in Adult: Primary, secondary and latent: PO 250mg BD divided dose 1.8 g (2.4 MIU) as a single dose. Tonsillitis/ Pharyngitis Intrapartum prophylaxis against group B Late (tertiary and neurosyphilis): PO 500mg q6h or 1g q12 Streptococcal infection in neonates 1.8 g (2.4 MIU) once wkly for 3 doses. Adult: Initially, 3 g, then 1.5 g 4 hrly until SSTI delivery. Streptococcal pharyngitis PO 500mg q6h Meningococcal meningitis, 900 mg (1.2 MIU) as a single dose. Pneumococcal meningitis Child: <27 kg: 225-450 mg (300,000- Group A Streptococcus Adult: 2.4 g 4 hrly. Max: 18 g/day in 600,000 U) as a single dose; ≥27 kg: 675 PO 500 mg Q6H meningococcal meningitis. mg (900,000 U) as a single dose.
Susceptible infections Primary prophylaxis of rheumatic fever
Adult: 0.6-3.6 g daily in 4-6 divided 900 mg (1.2 MIU) as a single dose. doses, via IM, slow IV inj or infusion. Prevention of recurrence of acute Severe infections. IV doses >1.2 g should attack: be given at a rate not more than 300 900 mg (1.2 MIU) once every 3 or 4 wk mg/min. or 450 mg (600,000 U) once every 2 wk.
Child: Newborn infants: 50 mg/kg/ day; Group A staphylococcus
1-4 wk 75 mg/kg/ day >1 mth to 12 yr 1.2 MIU as a single dose. 100 mg/kg/day, Max 4 g/day.
Leptospirosis : IV 1.5MU q6h for 7 days
Storage Store between 20-25°C. Reconstituted Store between 2-8°C. Do not freeze. Keep container tightly closed in a dry soln: Store between 2-8°C place, below 25°C; Protect from light. Side effects Nausea, vomiting, stomatitis, black or Urticaria, laryngeal oedema, serum Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, rash, hairy tongue, rash, fever, serum-like sickness-like reactions, allergic abdominal pain, and urticarial, sickness, convulsions, interstitial vasculitis, pruritus, fatigue, asthenia, hemolytic anemia nephritis, haemolytic anaemia, pain, headache granulocytopenia, agranulocytosis, Jarisch Herxheimer Reaction leucopenia, thrombocytopenia. Potentially Fatal : Antibiotic-associated Potentially Fatal: Anaphylaxis, pseudomembranous colitis. pseudomembranous colitis. Molecular Structure
N,N'-dibenzylethylenediamine
WHY BENZATHINE BENZYL PENICILLIN CANNOT BE GIVEN VIA IV?
It will hydrolyzes into benzyl penicillin and absorbed slowly compared to benzyl penicillin. Benzathine Penicillin compound is a crystalline powder that may cause direct damage when injected into a blood vessel, possibly eliciting vascular spasm and subsequent occlusion by the large crystals of the penicillin salts. Ergo may leads to cardiopulmonary arrest and death.
*Pseudomembranous colitis: swelling or inflammation of the large intestine (colon) due to an overgrowth of Clostridioides difficile (C difficile) bacteria
