Exercise 1.

3: Movement of molecules
Section A

Answer all the questions. For each question there are four possible
answers, A, B, C, and D. Choose the one you consider to be correct and
record your choice.

1. Osmosis is the movement of _____________.

A. Mineral salts
B. Ion particles
C. Water molecules
D. Water molecules and mineral salts

2. Particles move because they possess ___________________.

A. Kinetic energy
B. Potential energy
C. Heat energy
D. Light energy

3. Which of the following best describes osmosis in living organisms?

A. It is a net movement across a semi-permeable membrane of solute
molecules from a weak solution to a strong solution.
B. It is a net movement across a semi-permeable membrane of solute
molecules from a strong solution to a weak solution.
C. It is a net movement across a semi-permeable membrane of water
molecules from a weak solution to a strong solution.
D. It is a net movement across a semi-permeable membrane of water
molecules from a strong solution to a weak solution.

4. Narrow strips of equal sizes were cut from a peeled raw potato. Ten
pieces were placed in salt solution and ten pieces were placed in
distilled water. Which of the following takes place after twenty
minutes?
A. The potato strips placed in the sugar solution and the distilled water
increased in length
B. The potato strips placed in the sugar solution and the distilled water
decreased in length
C. The potato strips placed in the sugar solution decreased in length
while those placed in the distilled water increased in length
D. The potato strips placed in the sugar solution increased in length
while those placed in the distilled water decreased in length

5. Which of the following processes can take place in a root hair cell when
oxygen is not available?
 A. Active transport only
B. Diffusion and osmosis
C. Active transport and osmosis
D. Diffusion only

6. Which process transports ions into root cell?

A. Diffusion
B. Active transport
C. Osmosis
D. Translocation

7. The diagram shows a cell.

Which type of cell does the diagram show?

A. a plant cell in pure water
B. a plant cell in a concentrated solution of salts
C. an animal cell in a concentrated solution of salts
D. an animal cell in pure water

8. The cell sap in root hair cells __________________ .

A. has lower water potential

B. enable osmosis
C. is concentrated in salts and sugars
D. all of these

9. Plant cell B in the diagram shows a plant cell which is __________.

 A. Flaccid
B. Plasmolysed
C. Turgid
D. Both A and B

10. Which liquid has the highest water potential in the atmosphere?
A. Cell sap
B. Soil water
C. Distilled water
D. Cytoplasm
Refer to the diagram below to answer questions 11 and 12.

11. The process taking place is ______________________ .

A. Active transport
B. Osmosis
C. Diffusion
D. Transpiration

12. The dialysis membrane can be described as ______________ .

A. Soluble
B. Insoluble
C. Selectively permeable
D. Freely permeable

13. Diffusion is _____________________ .

A. Movement of water molecules
B. Movement of gas molecules only
C. Movement of molecules within a gas or liquid
D. Movement of molecules across a semi-permeable membrane

14. The villi absorb glucose by __________________ .

A. Osmosis only
 B. Diffusion only
C. Osmosis and diffusion
D. Diffusion and active transport

15. The diagram illustrates _________________.

A. Active transport
B. Osmosis
C. Diffusion
D. Plasmolysis

16. The gas that moves into the alveoli is ___________.

A. Carbon dioxide
B. Oxygen
C. Nitrogen
D. Water

17. What happens to red blood cells when placed in highly concentrated
solution
A. Burst
B. Swell
C. Float
D. Harden

18. A turgid cell is _____________ .

A. Firm
B. Soft
C. Crispy
D. Flabby

19. Which gas diffuses out of palisade cells during photosynthesis?

A. Oxygen
B. Nitrogen
 C. Carbon dioxide
D. Water

20. Mineral salts move into root hairs by _____________ .

A. Diffusion
B. Osmosis
C. Active transport
D. Dilution

Section B

Answer all the questions.

1. Which term matches the definition, the movement of molecules from

their region of higher concentration to their region of lower
concentration? _________________________ [1]
Answer: diffusion

2. What is the difference of molecule concentration between two places

called? ______________________ [1]
Answer: concentration gradient

3. Which state of matter has its particles in a fixed position?

_________________________ [1]
Answer: solid

4. In which state of matter is diffusion very fast? ______________ [1]

Answer: gas

5. Apart from surface to volume ratio, what other factor affects diffusion?
____________________________ [1]
Answer: temperature

6. What happens to the kinetic energy of particles as temperature

increases? ___________________________ [1]
Answer: increases

7. Which one has greater surface area, sodium chloride crystals or

sodium chloride powder? _______________________
[1]
 Answer: sodium: chloride powder

8. During respiration which gas diffuses out of the red blood cells?
_______________________________ [1]
Answer: oxygen

9. Which gas diffuses from the capillaries into the alveoli?

______________________________ [1]
Answer: carbon dioxide

10. During which process does carbon dioxide diffuse into the palisade
cells? _______________________________ [1]
Answer: photosynthesis

11. Which term matches the definition, movement of molecules against a

concentration gradient? __________________________ [1]
Answer: active transport

12. Which product of transpiration is required during active transport?

_____________________________ [1]
Answer: energy

13. Where is the concentration of mineral salts higher, in the soil or in

the root cells? ___________________________
[1]
Answer: root cells

14. Which cell organelle must the root cells possess in large numbers for
energy production? ___________________________ [1]
Answer: mitochondria

15. Where does active transport of food occur in animals?

____________________________ [1]
Answer: ileum/small intestines

16. What name is given to the diffusion of water molecules only?

______________________ [1]
Answer: osmosis

Section C
Answer all questions.

1. Define the word diffusion. [3]

Answer: It is the movement of particles from region of their higher
concentration to the region of their lower concentration, down a
concentration gradient.

2. State three differences between diffusion and osmosis. [3]

Answer:

Diffusion Osmosis
Movement of solute or solvent. Movement of water molecules only.
Flow is in both directions. Flow is in one direction.
No membrane is needed. Partially permeable membrane is
needed.
Occurs in liquids and gases. Occurs in liquids only.
Moves over long distances. Moves over short distances.
Is a fast process. Is a slow process.

3. The diagram shows an experiment on osmosis that is set up and left

for one hour.

a. Explain what will happen to the visking tubing in B. [2]

Answer: The visking tubing will expand due to water molecules moving
into it by osmosis from the sugar solution.

b. Which set up A or B is the control? [1]

Answer: A

c. Explain what will happen to the visking tubing in the control. [2]
Answer: There will be no change. The water molecules are at
equilibrium, therefore no osmosis takes place.
4. The diagram in Fig. 1 shows a plant cell placed in a hypertonic
solution.

Fig. 1

a. Describe the structure of cell when observed after 10 minutes. [3]

Answer: The cytoplasm shrinks and pulls away from the cell wall.
The cell becomes soft/ flaccid/plasmolysed.

b. Explain your answer in (a) [3]

Answer: Water molecules move by osmosis from the cytoplasm,

where they are highly concentrated, into the surrounding
solution, where they are less concentrated.

5. Transport is necessary for distribution of substances in and out of cells.

a. Define the word active transport. [3]

Answer: Movement of molecules a region of their lower
concentration to a region of their higher concentration against a
concentration gradient.

b. What is required during this process? [1]

Answer: Energy

c. Name the process that releases energy in cells. [1]

Answer: Respiration