Q1. What do you understand by assessment and evaluation?

Discuss
different types of assessment briefly.

Answer:
Assessment and evaluations are important tools for designing curriculum and instructional
approaches as per need of students. It also plays important role in understanding overall
effectiveness of programs and revising classroom practices.
Assessment is the systematic process of documenting and using empirical data to measure
knowledge, skills, attitudes and beliefs. By taking the assessment, teachers try to improve the
student's path towards learning.
Assessments include tests, minor homework, and daily checks, revealing more about student
learning than grades. While grades can indicate student progress or serve as red flags,
assessments can identify specific learning gaps that may require teacher intervention.
Assessment results inform the teacher of what has been taught well and not so well.
Evaluation focuses on grades and might reflect classroom components other than course
content and mastery level. An evaluation can be used as a final review to gauge the quality of
instruction. It’s product-oriented.
Evaluation is an effective way to match a project’s resources and outcomes. The evaluation
process is an effective way to help a program, project, or even an organization assess a
proposal, objective, or any other alternative in the decision-making process. A good example
of evaluation is peer review.
Different types of assessment:
1. Formative & Summative:

Formative assessment are embedded in instruction and it is to improve. This occurs

during the learning process and gives opportunities for students to implement
feedback.

Summative assessment is assessment of learning to identify the weakness. This

occurs at the end of the learning process and focuses on end result.

2. Objective & subjective:

Objective Assessment is a form of questioning which has a single correct answer.

This includes true/false, multiple choice, matching etc.

Subjective Assessment is a form of questioning which may have more than one
correct answer. It includes extended-questions, essays, etc.
 3. Informal & formal:

Formal Assessment implicates a written document (test, quiz, etc.). It is given a

numerical score or grade based on student performance.

Informal Assessment does not contribute to a student’s final grade. This occurs in a
casual manner.

4. Referencing:

Test results can be compared against an established criterion, or against the

performance of other students, or against previous performances.

5. Initial:

This form of assessment delves into the learner’s prior knowledge of the subject or
situation and helps the tutor to formulate the learner’s needs and learning style.

Conclusion:
Assessment helps to monitor students' progress and contributes to enforcing the assessment
triangle. The main purpose is to close the gap between where the learner is at that point in
time, to where they want to be. Teachers use assessment information to adjust their teaching
strategies, with the emphasis on progress and achievement, rather than failure.

Q2. Share your understanding about the three aspects of supervision.

Answer:
‘Supervision is a process which aims to support, assure and develop the knowledge, skills
and values of the person being supervised.
Supervision is a mutual process that fosters growth and development, assures appropriate
utilisation of training and potential, encourages creativity and innovation and provides
guidance, support, encouragement and respect while working toward a goal.
A few crucial duties of supervision include providing direction, developing policies,
analysing teaching-learning situations, identifying problem areas, and offering solutions.
“Supervision is a creative and dynamic process giving friendly guidance and direction to
teachers and pupils for improving themselves and the teaching-learning situation for the
accomplishment of the desired goals of education.”
Three aspects to be an effective supervisor:
 Administrative
 Educational
 Supportive

Administrative Supervision:

 The activities directed towards implementing the organizational objectives and

ensuring that the quality and quantity of work meets the standards articulated or
assumed for the agency.
 The administrative function involves planning, implementing, monitoring, and
evaluating activities in order to get the work of the agency accomplished through
others, the supervisees.
 The promotion and maintenance of good standards of work, co-ordination of practice
with policies of administration, the assurance of an efficient and smooth-running
office.

Educational Supervision:
 The activities which are directed primarily towards helping staff’s learn what they
need to know to carry out their jobs.
 The activities may include orienting new workers to the agency, assessing the learning
needs of staff, developing a learning plan, and conducting individual conferences.
 The educational development of each individual worker on the staff in a manner
calculated to evoke her fully to realize her possibilities of usefulness. This term used
to identify the work duties of administrative workers in education.
 Educational supervisors make sure the educational institution operates efficiently and
within the legal requirements and rules.
 The purpose of this field is to make sure teachers and other faculty members are doing
what they're supposed to be doing and that students are receiving the best education
possible.
Supportive Supervision:

 The activities which are directed toward providing staff’s with the kind of
psychological and physical environment that enables them to use their energies in
productive ways.
 The activities may include motivating staff, offering emotional support, helping staff
manage tension, instilling a sense of pride and handling conflict.

Conclusion:
Supervision is a developmental process designed to support and enhance an individual’s
acquisition of the motivation, autonomy, self-awareness, and skills necessary to effectively
accomplish the job at hand.