IMC Lab Manual Full - Merged

ROUGH RECORD
NAME :
CLASS :
ROLL NO:
REG NO:
LAB : 4037 - INDUCTION MACHINES LAB
DEPARTMENT OF
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS
ENGINEERING
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M1: To nurture a tradi on of renewable and sustainable technologies
through dynamic learning methods.
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empowering their skills, values and ethics.
M3: To s mulate the growth of socially and environmentally responsible

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S4 EEE Induction Machines Lab - Manual 4037
GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE PALA
LAB MANUAL FOR
INDUCTION MACHINES LAB

REVISION -2021
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
SEMESTER 4
1 GPTC Pala
COURSE TITLE INDUCTION MACHINES LAB

COURSE CODE 4037 COURSE CATEGORY A
PERIODS/WEEK 3
PERIODS/SEMESTER 45
CREDITS 1.5
Course Objectives:
1) To know the parts, nameplate data, polarity and connections of transformers and induction motors.
2) To recognize the performance characteristics of transformer and induction motors.
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
CO1: Identify the parts, collect nameplate data, polarity and connections of transformers.
M1.01 i. Identify and Collect the nameplate details of transformers
ii. Identify the parts of single phase and three phase transformers
iii. Organize polarity test on Single phase transformer.
M1.02 Construct a three phase transformer using three single phase transformers
CO2: Identify the losses and develop the performance characteristics of transformers.
M2.01 Apply direct loading technique on a transformer to Determine efficiency and regulation at
given power factor.
M2.02 Experiment with transformers to Predetermine efficiency and regulation at various power
factors and plot output v/s efficiency and PF v/s regulation.
M2.03 Develop a circuit to conduct OC and SC tests on a single phase transformer to determine
values of equivalent circuit parameters and to draw equivalent circuits referred to
primary/secondary.
CO3: Identify the nameplate data, parts, polarity, different connections and classification of three
phase induction motors.
M3.01 i. Identify and collect nameplate data of induction motors.
ii. Identify the parts of induction motors.
iii. Organize stator resistance test on three phase induction motors.
M3.02 i. Organize polarity test on three phase squirrel cage/ slip-ring induction motor.
ii. Develop a star - delta starter for the three phase induction motor.
CO4: Develop the performance characteristics of three phase squirrel cage and slip-ring inductions
motors and calculate the losses.
M4.01 Construct a circuit for conducting no load test on a three phase induction motor and separate
no load losses.
M4.02 Construct a circuit to conduct load test on a three phase induction motor and to plot
performance characteristics.
M4.03 Construct a circuit to conduct no load and blocked rotor tests on a three phase induction
motor, determine values of equivalent circuit parameters & draw the equivalent circuit.
M4.04 Construct a circuit for no load and blocked rotor tests on a three phase induction motor and
draw the circle diagram.
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M1.01
Ex No.1
NAME PLATE DATA OF TRANSFORMER
Aim: Identify and Collect the nameplate details of transformers
Result: Name plate data of transformers are collected.
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M1.01
Ex No.2
IDENTIFY THE PARTS OF SINGLE PHASE AND THREE PHASE TRANSFORMERS
Aim: Identify the parts of single phase and three phase transformers
Procedure:
1.Mark the cover of Transformer
2.Remove the cover and sketch the parts
3. After identifying the parts, assemble them properly so that it should be suitable for normal operation.
SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER
THREE PHASE TRANSFORMER
Result: The parts of single phase and three phase transformers are identified.
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M1.01
Ex No.3
POLARITY TEST OF SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER
Aim: To conduct polarity test on a single phase transformer
Apparatus Required:
Sl. No SPECIFICATION QUANTITY REMARKS
1 Moving Iron Voltmeter – (0-300)V 1 NO
2 Moving Iron Voltmeter – (0-600)V 1 NO
3 Transformer 230V/115V 3 KVA 1
Theory:
In connection of transformers in parallel or in a three phase ban, it is important to know the polarity of the
transformer terminals. The transformer terminals are marked to identify the terminals with the same
polarity and it may be dots or alternatively by assigning the same subscript to corresponding the primary
and secondary terminals, that is ‘A’ and ‘a’ respectively. Thus the primary terminals are marked as ‘A’
and ‘B’ corresponding the secondary terminals and are identified as ‘a’ and ‘b’.
From the figure the voltmeter connected indicates, greater than the voltage impressed on the high voltage
side, then the polarity is additive. If the voltage indicated here is less than the voltage impressed on the
high voltage terminal, then the polarity is subtractive.
Procedure:
Connections are made as per the connection diagram. After checking the connections the supply is
switched on. Note down the readings on the meters. Switch off the supply. Connect as per the second
figure.Repeat the above process.
Result:
Polarity of a single phase transformer is checked.
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Fig: Circuit diagram for polarity test on single phase transformer
TABULAR COLUMN:
Additive
V1 V2
…….units …….. units
Subtractive
V1 V2
…….units …….. units
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M1.02
Ex No. 4
TRANSFORMER BANK OF THREE SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMERS
Aim : To form a transformer bank of three single phase transformers.
Apparatus Required:
SL NAME SPECIFICATION QUANTITY
NO.
1. Autotransformer 3 Ph 440V,10A, 1
2. Single phase transformer 230V/115V 3KVA 3
3. MI Voltmeter (0-150)V 1
5 Multimeter (0-600)V 1
Theory
Three phase transformation can be done in two ways, by using single three phase transformer or by using a
bank of three single phase transformers. For very big transformer, it is impossible to transport large three
phase transformer to the site and it is easier to transport three single phase transformers which is erected
separately to form a three phase unit.
Another advantage of using bank of three single phase transformers is that, if one unit of the bank becomes
out of order, then the bank can be run as open delta.
Terminals of each phase of HV side should be labeled as capital letters, A, B, C and those of LV side
should be labeled as small letters a, b, c. Terminal polarities are indicated by suffixes 1 and 2.
Star-Delta Transformer
Star connection is formed in a 3 phase transformer by connecting one terminal of each phase of individual side,
together. If terminal with suffix 1 in both primary and secondary are used as common terminal, and Delta connection
is formed by a1 is connected to b2, b1 is connected to c2 and c1 is connected to a2.
Procedure:
Make the connections as the circuit diagram in Figure
Keep the switch on secondary side open so that load is zero to measure no load voltage. Also keep knob of auto
transformer at zero output voltage position.
Now increase the voltage through auto transformer until the voltage at secondary winding at its rated value.
Note the Voltmeter readings
Result: Formed a transformer bank of three single phase transformers and noted the voltage
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TABULAR COLUMN
Star Connection
Line Voltage VL Phase Voltage VP
Delta Connection
Line Voltage VL Phase Voltage VP
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M2.01
Ex No.5
EFFICIENCY OF A SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER
Aim : Apply direct loading technique on a transformer to Determine efficiency and regulation at given
power factor.
Apparatus Required:
NO.
1. Auto-transformer 230V,5A,50Hz 1
2. Single phase transformer 230/115V 1
4. MI Ammeter (0-10)V 2
5 Watt-meter 10A 300V 2
6 Lamp load 2000 W 1
Theory:
This test is performed to determine the efficiency and regulation of a transformer at different load
conditions. Usually, this test is performed for low, power, rating of transformers. This test gives accurate
results as compared to the above tests
Voltage regulation of a transformer is defined as the change in magnitude of the secondary terminal
voltage, expressed as a percentage of the secondary rated voltage, when load at a given power factor is
reduced to zero, with primary applied voltage held constant.
If V2 = secondary terminal voltage at any load, and V2 NL = secondary terminal voltage on no load,
then at a given power factor and specified load, the voltage regulation is given by:
𝑉2 𝑁𝐿 − 𝑉2
Voltage regulation = × 100
𝑉2 𝑁𝐿
The voltage regulation of a transformer can be determined by conducting load test.
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Sample calculation
Input Power W1 = .............................. (watts)
Out put Power W2 = .............................. (watts)
% of Efficiency =W2/W1 *100
Voltmeter reading at W2=0 ( V2NL) = ............. V

Voltmeter reading at Load ( V2) = ............ V
𝑉2 𝑁𝐿 − 𝑉2
Voltage regulation = × 100
𝑉2 𝑁𝐿
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Procedure:
Make the connections as the circuit diagram in Figure
Keep the switch on secondary side open so that load is zero to measure no load voltage. Also keep knob of
auto transformer at zero output voltage position.
Now increase the voltage through auto transformer until the voltage at secondary winding at its rated value.
Adjust the switches on the Resistive Load module to successively increase the loading factor. For each
resistance value, record the readings from Wattmeter, Voltmeter, & Ammeter.
Plot the output power versus the regulation and the efficiency.
Result:
Efficiency of the given single phase transformer is determined at different loads
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10 GPTC Pala
M2.02
EX.NO.6
SUMPNER’S TEST ON SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER

Aim :To pre-determine efficiency and regulation of a transformer and to plot output v/s efficiency and PF v/s
regulation
Apparatus Required:
NO.
1. Autotransformer 230V,10A,50Hz 2
2. Single phase transformer 230/115V 2KVA 2
4. MI Ammeter (0-10)A, 1
5 Wattmeter Dy 5A 300V LPF 1
6 Wattmeter Dy 20A 75V UPF 1
Theory:
The regulation of a transformer can be predetermined by the open circuit (OC) and short circuit (SC) tests
or Sumpner’s test.
The Sumpner’s test on single phase transformers requires two identical transformers. The primary
windings are connected in parallel and supplied rated voltage and rated frequency. The secondaries are
connected in series with their polarities in phase opposition, which can be checked by a voltmeter. The
range of this voltmeter should be double the rated voltage.
If the voltmeter reads zero, the two secondary are in series opposition If the primary circuit is now closed,
There will be no current in the secondary windings. The transformers will behave as if their secondary
windings are open circuited. Hence, the reading of wattmeter W1 gives the iron losses of both the
transformers.
A small voltage is injected in the secondary circuit by an autotransformer till the ammeter reads
full- load secondary current. The wattmeter reading WCu gives the full load copper losses of the two
transformers.
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Procedure:
Make the connections as in the circuit diagram. Apply rated voltage at LV side (115 V).
Note the voltmeter reading Vp across the switch S1
If Vp is nearly twice the primary voltage, interchange the two terminals of one of the transformer
HV side.
If Vp is zero, the secondaries are in phase opposition, close the switch S1 and note wattmeter (W1)
reading.
Switch on the supply HV side Adjust the autotransformer on HV side and make the current equal
to ratedvalue (=8.6 A) and note wattmeter (Wcu) reading.
Switch off the supply after bringing the autotransformers to minimum voltage position.
Result: Efficiency of the given single phase transformer is determined at different load
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11 GPTC Pala
TABULAR COLUMN
LV SIDE (OC Test) HV SIDE (SC Test) Total Losses Efficiency
Output Power V1 W1 I2 WCu Both Each OP/

volts watts amps watts W1+WCu (W1+WCu)/2 (OP+Losses
)
Full load 2000 VA
Half load 1000 VA
Quarter load 500 VA
Sample calculation:
Rated Current of Transformer= KVA X 1000/ Rated Voltage= ………………….
Total Iron losses in both transformers=W1= ……………………….
Iron losses in each transformers = W1/2= …………………..

Full load copper losses in both transformers = Wcu = ……………………..
Full Load Copper losses in each transformers = Wcu /2 = I2R = ……………...
Resistance of Transformer R= Wcu /2 I2 = …………..
Half Load Copper losses in each transformers = Wcu /8 = ………………..
Quarter Load Copper losses in each transformers = Wcu /32 = …………..
Efficiency = output/input=(Output/(output+ Losses)) = ………………..
Plot the output power versus the efficiency at full load half load quarter load
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M2.03
Ex.No.7
OC AND SC TESTS ON A SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER
Aim: Develop a circuit to conduct OC and SC tests on a single phase transformer to

determine values of equivalent circuit parameters and to draw equivalent circuits referred to
primary/secondary..

NO.
1. Autotransformer 230V,5A,50Hz 1
2. Single phase transformer 230/115V 2 KVA 1
4. MI Ammeter (0-2)A 1
5 Wattmeter 5A 300V LPF 1
6 MI Voltmeter (0-75)V 1
7 MI Ammeter (0-10)A 1
8 Wattmeter 20A 75 V UPF 1
Theory:
Open circuit test and short circuit test on transformer are very economical and convenient
because they are performed without actually loading of the transformer.
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Short circuit or Impedance test on Transformer : In short circuit test, usually the low-voltage
side is short-circuited by a thick conductor. An ammeter, voltmeter and wattmeter are connected
on the high- voltage side. The reasons for short-circuiting the LV side and taking measurements
on the HV side are as follows: The rated current on HV side is lower than that on LV side. This
current can be easily measured with the available laboratory ammeters.
Since the applied voltage is less than 5% of the rated voltage of the winding, greater accuracy in
the reading of the voltmeter is possible when the HV side is used as the primary.
The HV winding is supplied with a reduced voltage so that full-load current (not compulsory)
flows in that winding.
Since the applied voltage is low (5 to 10% of rated voltage), flux is low and hence core loss
2
(proportional to flux ) is small and can be neglected. Since full-load current flows in HV
winding, the wattmeter reads full-load copper loss. Secondary voltage V2 is zero because of
short circuit. Whole of the primary voltage is used in supplying the voltage drop in the total
impedance Zo1 referred to the primary.
Wsc = Full-load copper loss
WSC = ISC R02
Z02=Vsc/Isc
X02= 𝑍 − 𝑅
Procedure:
OPEN CIRCUIT TEST

Make the connections as shown in diagram.
Switch on the supply by closing DPST switch. Adjust the autotransformer and make the
voltmeter reading equal to rated voltage. Note down the voltmeter, ammeter and wattmeter
readings. Switch off the supply by bringing the autotransformer to minimum voltage position.
SHORT CIRCUIT TEST
Make the connections as shown in diagram
Switch on the supply by closing DPST switch. Adjust the autotransformer and make the
ammeter reading equal to rated current. Note down the voltmeter, ammeter and wattmeter
readings. Switch off the supply by bringing the autotransformer to minimum voltage position.
Equivalent circuit of transformer

The no load current I0 is divided into, pure inductance X0 (taking magnetizing components Iμ)
and non induction resistance R0 (taking working component Iw) which are connected into parallel
across the primary. The value of E1 can be obtained by subtracting I1Z1 from V1. The value of R0
and X0 can be calculated as, R0 = E1 / Iw and X0 = E1 / Iμ.
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OC Test SC Test
Sl. Input Voltage Input Core Loss Input Input Current Copper Loss
No (V) Current (W0) Voltage (I) (Wsc)
(I) A (V) A
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To make calculations simpler, it is preferable to transfer current, voltage and impedance either to
primary side or to the secondary side. In that case, we would have to work with only one winding
which is more convenient. From the voltage transformation ratio, it is clear that,
E1 / E2 = N1 / N2 = K
Now, lets refer the parameters of secondary side to primary.

Z2 can be referred to primary as Z2'
23
where, Z2' = (N1/N2)2Z2 = K2Z2
................................................................. where K= N1/N2.

that is, R2'+jX2' = K2(R2+jX2)
equating real and imaginary parts,
R2' = K2R2 and X2' = K2X2 .And V2' = KV2
Result:
Conducted OC and SC tests on the single phase transformer
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M3.01
Ex.No. 8
NAME PLATE DATA OF AC MACHINES
Aim: Identify and Collect nameplate data of induction motors.
Result: Name plate data of ac machines are collected.
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M3.02
EX NO.9
STUDY OF INDUCTION MOTOR
Aim: Identify the parts of induction motors.
Theory:
At starting time the induction motor drawn 6 to 7 times full load current but this high inrush current could be
control by external resistance connected in rotor circuit. this external resistance in the rotor side should be
adjusted to get minimum starting current in the slip ring induction motor. That external resistance act like a
variable rheostat when the motor starting time it automatically adjusted to high resistance and once motor
obtain normal speed that resistance will be reduced. that external resistance adjustment will decrease the
rotor current and also decrease the stator current. that’s why starting current of motor will reduced to normal
and it increase the starting torque of the motor. that external resistance also improve the power factor of the
motor.
Advantages of slip ring induction motor:
∙ Excellent starting torque for high inertia loads.

∙ its having low starting current because of the external resistance
∙ Speed is resistance variable over 50% to 100% full speed
Disadvantages of slip ring induction motor:
∙ Higher maintenance of brushes and slip rings compared to squirrel cage motor ∙
complicated construction
∙ copper loss is high
∙ efficiency low
∙ power factor low
∙ costly compared to 3 phase squirrel cage induction motor
Procedure:
1.Mark both sides of motor with a centre punch to identify end cover position of the outer frame.
2.Remove the end cover with the help of a pulley puller or by gentle hammering on end covers.
3.Identify the parts and clean carefully
4. Sketch the parts of motor after identify the parts and assumable properly so that it should be suitable for
normal operation .
Result: Dismantled and assemble the given slip ring induction motor and identify parts
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M3.03
Ex. No. 10
STATOR RESISTANCE TEST OF THREE-PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR
Aim : Organize stator resistance test on three phase induction motors
Apparatus Required:
No. Name Specification Qnty
1 Voltmeter M C (0-300)V 1
2 Ammeter M C (0-5) A 1
3 Rheostat 12 Ohm 10 A 1
Theory:
Basically, a DC voltage is applied to the stator windings of a 3-phase Induction motor. Because the
current is DC, there is no induced voltage in the rotor circuit and no resulting rotor current. Also, the
reactance of the motor is zero at direct current. Therefore, the only quantity limiting current now in the
motor is the stator resistance, and that resistance can be determined.
Procedure:
Connect the circuit shown in the Figure
Switch on the DC supply
Increase the supply input voltage slowly from 5V to 40V with step equal to 5V.
Record the readings of the measurements
Result: Stator resistance of the given three phase induction motor = …………...
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
FIG: CIRCUIT FOR STATOR RESISTANCE TEST OF THREE-PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR

TABULAR COLUMN:
Sl.No Voltmeter Ammeter Resistance Resistance of 3 phase induction

reading reading R=V/I (ohm) motor =3 R /2 (ohm)
V (volts) I (A)
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M3.02
Ex. No. 11
POLARITY TEST ON THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR.
Aim: Organize polarity test on three phase squirrel cage/slip-ring induction motor
Apparatus Required:
Sl. Specification Quantity Remarks

No
1 Moving Iron Voltmeter – (0-300-600)V 2 no
Theory:
Continuity test to identify each of the winding terminals [AA BB CC]:

We can do this test with the help of Multimeter by checking continuity between any two terminals. Do this
procedure for all and identify terminals, then mark the terminals as AA, BB and CC.
Test to identify polarities [A1A2 B1B2 C1C2]:
Take any two windings randomly and mark the terminals as A1 A2, B1 B2 (this is the assumption) as shown
in figure
Now connect A2 with B1 so that the two windings are in series.
Now apply 230V A.C between A1 and A2 and measure the voltage across A1 and B2. If we notice the
measured voltage is less than the applied voltage then our assumption is correct. Otherwise interchange the
terminals A1 and A2 and repeat the process so that we can find the terminals A1, A2, B1 and B2. Now take
the third winding mark it as C1, C2 (this is the assumption) and take second winding B1 B2. Connect B2
with C1 so that the two windings are in series
Procedure :
Conduct Continuity test to identify each of the winding terminals AA BB CC.
Connections are made as per the connection diagram.
Give a single phase supply to A1 or B2 and to the common point.
If the voltmeter(V2) gives less than the applied voltage, the connected terminals are A2 and B1. Put the
slips A1 A2 and B1 B2. Do the same experiment with the other two terminals B1 B2 and C1 C2. If the
voltmeter(V2) shows less than the applied voltage the connected terminals are B2 and C1.
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a1 a2 ,b1 b2
Subtractive
Additive
V1 V2
V1 V2
b1 b2, c1 c2
Subtractive
Additive
V1 V2
V1 V2
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If the voltmeter (V2) give readings more than the applied voltage, open the junction point and
interchangeits connections.
Put all the slips A1 A2, B1 B2 and C1 C2 respectively .Note down the readings on the voltmeter
and switchoff the supply.
Result: The polarity of three phase Induction motor identified
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M3.02
Ex. No. 12
3 PHASE STAR-DELTA STARTER USING TPDT SWITCH

Aim : Develop a star - delta starter for the three phase induction motor
Apparatus Required:
SL NAME AND SPECIFICATION QTY

NO
1 Voltmeter (0-600)V,MI 2
2 Ammeter (0-15)A,MI 1
3 TPDT Switch, 415V,16A 1
Motor required : 3 phase induction motor 415 V 3 HP
Theory:
STAR-DELTA STARTER:
This type of starters are used for motors which are designed to run normally with a delta
connected stator winding.The six terminals of the stator windings are connected to the two-way
switch as shown in fig. At the instant of starting, the two-way switch is thrown to “START”
position which connects the stator winding in star. Then each stator phase gets V/√3 volt where
V is the line voltage. This reduces the starting current to 1/3 times and hence the starting torque.
When the motor speed picks up, the two-way switch is thrown to “RUN” position which
reconnects the motor winding terminals in delta. Now, the motor is on full line voltage
IP=ILY= V/(√3ZP);
IP = V/ZP
IL∆=√3IP=√3( V/ZP)
The ratio of line current drawn in star and delta connection is:
( ILY/ IL∆)=( V/(√3ZP))/( √3( V/ZP))=1/3 or ILY=1/3 IL∆
In making connection for star-delta starting, care should be taken such that sequence of supply
connection to the winding terminals does not change while changing from star to delta
connection. Otherwise the motor will run in opposite direction. An automatic push button
star-delta starter uses time-delay relay (TRD) through which star to delta connections take place
automatically with some pre-fixed time delay. This type of starters are employed for starting
induction motor of rating between 4 kW and 15 kW.
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TABULAR COLUMN:
SLNO START POSITION RUN POSITION

A V1 V2 A V1 V2
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Procedure:
1. Connections are made as per the connection diagram.
2. Switch on the supply; TPDT switch thrown to the “START” position.
3. Take the voltmeter and ammeter readings.
4. When 3 phase induction motor attain 80% of full speed, thrown the TPDT switch to the
“RUN”position
5. Take the voltmeter and ammeter readings.6. Switch off the supply
Result:
Given 3 phase induction motor run by a TPDT switch in Star and Delta and measured the line and
phase current and line and phase voltage in both cases.
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M4.01
Ex.No:13
NO LOAD TEST ON A THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR AND SEPARATE NO LOAD LOSSES
Aim :
Construct a circuit for conducting no load test on a three phase induction motor and separate no
load losses.

NO.
1. Autotransformer 3 Phase 440V,5A,50Hz 1
2. Wattmeter 10A 600V LPF 2
Theory:
The no load losses are the constant losses which includes core lose and friction and windage
loss .The separation between the two can be carried out by the no load test conducted from
variable voltage rated frequency supply
When the voltage is decreased below the rated value the core loss reduced as nearly square of
voltage this sleep does not increase significantly the friction and vintage losses almost remains
constant. Voltage is continuously decreased till the machine slip suddenly begins to increase
and motor trend to still at no load this take place at a sufficiently reduced voltage.A graph
showing no load losses Vs voltage as shown in figure is extraplotted to voltage is equal to zero
which gives friction and wind age losses As the voltage zero iron or copper losses are zero .
Procedure:
Make the connections as shown in figure

Keep the autotransformer in minimum voltage position
Keep belt on brake drum in loose position (motor on no load)
Switch on the 3 phase supply. Adjust the autotransformer and apply rated voltage to the stator.
Since the power factor of the induction motor under no load condition is generally less than 0.5,
one wattmeter will show negative reading. Then switch off the supply and interchange the
connections of the pressure coil (or current coil) of that wattmeter. Note down the ammeter,
voltmeter and wattmeter readings after applying rated voltage.
Decrease the voltage and note the readings
Repeat the process until the slip of motor suddenly increase. Switch off the supply
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Result: Conducted no load test on a three phase induction motor and separate no load losses
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Sl. Input Input Wattmeter Wattmeter Total Friction Iron Loss=

No. Voltage Current reading reading Losses and Total Loss-
(V) (I) (W1) (W2) W1+W2= windage Friction and
A (W) loss= windage
(W) loss (W)
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M4.02
Ex. No. 14
CONDUCT LOAD TEST ON A THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR
Aim: Construct a circuit to conduct load test on a three phase induction motor and to plot
performance characteristics.
Apparatus required:
NO.
1. Autotransformer 3 phase 440V,10A 1
4 Wattmeter 10A 600V UPF 2
Theory :
The load test on induction motor is performed to compute its complete performance i.e. torque, slip,
efficiency, power factor etc. During this test, the motor is operated at rated voltage and frequency and
normally loaded mechanically by brake and pulley arrangement from the observed data, the performance
can be calculated
Procedure:
Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.
Ensure that the 3- ɸ auto transformer is kept at minimum output voltage

position and belts freely suspended.
Switch ON the supply. Increase the auto transformer output voltage gradually until rated voltageis
observed in voltmeter. Note that the induction motor takes large current initially, so, keep an eye
on the ammeter such that the starting current should not exceed 7 Amp
By the time speed gains rated value, note down the readings of voltmeter, ammeter, and
wattmeter at no-load
Now the increase the mechanical load by tightening the belt around the brake drum gradually in
steps
Note down the various meters readings at different values of load till the ammeter shows the
rated current
Reduce the load on the motor finally, and switch OFF the supply
Result:
Conducted load test on the given three phase induction motor and to plot performance characteristics
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Sample Calculations:
Input power drawn by the motor W = (W1 + W2) watts

Shaft Torque, Tsh = 9.81 (S1 ~ S2) R N-m ; R - Radius of drum in meters.
Output power in watts =2πN Tsh/60 watts
% efficiency =Output power in Watts/Input power in Watts
% of Slip = (Ns-N/Ns ) x100Ns=120f/p
Power factor of the induction motor cosφ =W/ 3 VLIL
S W2 S1 S2 S1 – Out Power % of %
IL W1 W1+W2 Torqu factor effic
l. (W) (kg) (kg) S2 N powe Slip
(A) (W) (W) e Tsh iency
N (kg) (rpm) r (W)
o. (Nm)
44 GPTC Pala
M4.03
Ex. No. 15
NO LOAD AND BLOCKED ROTOR TESTS ON A THREE PHASE INDUCTION

MOTOR
Aim: Construct a circuit to conduct no load and blocked rotor tests on a three phase
induction motor, determine values of equivalent circuit parameters & draw the equivalent
circuit.
Apparatus required:
NO.
Theory:
The performance characteristics of induction motors can be determined approximately by

graphical method such as circle diagram. This is applicable both for the squirrel cage and slip
ring induction motors. Stator current I1 is then the phasor sum of I2’ and Io.
No load and blocked rotor tests are conducted for determining the equivalent circuit
parameters, for predetermining the efficiency at any load and to draw the circle diagram. No-
load test is conducted at rated voltage keeping the motor on no-load. Since the no-load current
is only 20-40% of the full load current, the I2R losses can be neglected. Input power is equal to
constant iron, friction and windage losses of the motor. In blocked rotor test, rotor is blocked
and a reduced voltage is applied to the stator through a 3-phase autotransformer. Due to low
voltage and no rotation, core and mechanical losses are neglected. Input power is equal to
copper loss only.
Procedure:
A) NO LOAD TEST
Make the connections as shown in figure.
Precautions : i) Keep the autotransformer in minimum voltage position

ii) Keep belt on brake drum in loose position (motor on no load)
Switch on the 3 phase supply. Adjust the autotransformer and apply rated voltage to the
45 GPTC Pala
stator. Since the power factor of the induction motor under no load condition is generally
NO LOAD TEST
BLOCKED ROTOR TEST
46
GPTC Pala
less than 0.5, one wattmeter will show negative reading. Then switch off the supply and
interchange the connections of the pressure coil (or current coil) of that wattmeter and
take as negative. Note down the ammeter, voltmeter and wattmeter readings after
applying rated voltage. Switch off the supply
B) BLOCKED ROTOR TEST

ii) Rotor is blocked by tightening the belt on the brake drum.
Switch on the 3 phase supply. Adjust the autotransformer so that rated current (to get full
loadcopper loss) flows in the ammeter. Note down voltmeter, ammeter and wattmeter
readings.
STATOR RESISTANCE MEASUREMENT
Make The connections as shown in figure.
Switch on 28V DC supply. Note down voltmeter and ammeter readings for different
positions of rheostat. (Note: Resistance/phase = 3/2 x Delta resistance)
Result: No load and blocked rotor tests on a three phase induction motor was conducted and
equivalent circuit was drawn.
4734 GPTC Pala

TABULAR COLUMN:
NO LOAD TEST
Voc Ioc W1 W2 Woc
BLOCKED ROTOR TEST

VSC Isc W1 W2 Wsc
Stator Resistance Measurement
Sl.No. V (volts) I (amps) Rdc=V/I

(Ω)
1.
2.
3.
Rdc
Sample Calculation:
Z01 =VSC / ISC =
4834 GPTC Pala

M4.04
Ex. No. 16
CIRCLE DIAGRAM OF A 3 PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR
Aim: Construct a circuit to conduct no load and blocked rotor tests on a three phase
induction motor, determine values of equivalent circuit parameters & draw the equivalent
circuit.
Apparatus required:
NO.
Theory:
The performance characteristics of induction motors can be determined approximately by

graphical method such as circle diagram. This is applicable both for the squirrel cage and slip
ring induction motors. Stator current I1 is then the phasor sum of I2’ and Io.
No load and blocked rotor tests are conducted for determining the equivalent circuit
parameters, for predetermining the efficiency at any load and to draw the circle diagram. No-
load test is conducted at rated voltage keeping the motor on no-load. Since the no-load current
is only 20-40% of the full load current, the I2R losses can be neglected. Input power is equal to
constant iron, friction and windage losses of the motor. In blocked rotor test, rotor is blocked
and a reduced voltage is applied to the stator through a 3-phase autotransformer. Due to low
voltage and no rotation, core and mechanical losses are neglected. Input power is equal to
copper loss only.
Procedure:
A) NO LOAD TEST

ii) Keep belt on brake drum in loose position (motor on no load)
Switch on the 3 phase supply. Adjust the autotransformer and apply rated voltage to the
stator. Since the power factor of the induction motor under no load condition is generally
less than 0.5, one wattmeter will show negative reading. Then switch off the supply and
interchange the connections of the pressure coil (or current coil) of that wattmeter and
49 GPTC Pala
NO LOAD TEST
BLOCKED ROTOR TEST
50 GPTC Pala
take as negative. Note down the ammeter, voltmeter and wattmeter readings after
applying rated voltage. Switch off the supply
B) BLOCKED ROTOR TEST

ii) Rotor is blocked by tightening the belt on the brake drum.
Switch on the 3 phase supply. Adjust the autotransformer so that rated current (to get full
loadcopper loss) flows in the ammeter. Note down voltmeter, ammeter and wattmeter
readings.
STATOR RESISTANCE MEASUREMENT
Make The connections as shown in figure.
Switch on 28V DC supply. Note down voltmeter and ammeter readings for different
positions of rheostat. (Note: Resistance/phase = 3/2 x Delta resistance)
Result: No load and blocked rotor tests on a three phase induction motor was conducted
and equivalent circuit was drawn.
5140 GPTC Pala

TABULAR COLUMN:
NO LOAD TEST
Voc Ioc W1 W2 Woc
BLOCKED ROTOR TEST

VSC Isc W1 W2 Wsc
Stator Resistance Measurement
Sl.No. V (volts) I (amps) Rdc=V/I

(Ω)
1.
2.
3.
Rdc
Sample Calculation:
Z01 =VSC / ISC =
5237 GPTC Pala

40 GPTC Pala
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ROUGH RECORD

M2: To foster professionals in Electrical & Electronics Engineering by

M3: To s mulate the growth of socially and environmentally responsible

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE PALA

LAB MANUAL FOR

INDUCTION MACHINES LAB

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

COURSE TITLE INDUCTION MACHINES LAB

NAME PLATE DATA OF TRANSFORMER

Aim: Identify and Collect the nameplate details of transformers

Result: Name plate data of transformers are collected.

IDENTIFY THE PARTS OF SINGLE PHASE AND THREE PHASE TRANSFORMERS

1.Mark the cover of Transformer

2.Remove the cover and sketch the parts

SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER

THREE PHASE TRANSFORMER

Aim: To conduct polarity test on a single phase transformer

Sl. No SPECIFICATION QUANTITY REMARKS

1 Moving Iron Voltmeter – (0-300)V 1 NO

2 Moving Iron Voltmeter – (0-600)V 1 NO

3 Transformer 230V/115V 3 KVA 1

Polarity of a single phase transformer is checked.

Fig: Circuit diagram for polarity test on single phase transformer

…….units …….. units

…….units …….. units

Aim : To form a transformer bank of three single phase transformers.

EFFICIENCY OF A SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER

2. Single phase transformer 230/115V 1

5 Watt-meter 10A 300V 2

6 Lamp load 2000 W 1

The voltage regulation of a transformer can be determined by conducting load test.

Input Power W1 = .............................. (watts)

Out put Power W2 = .............................. (watts)

% of Efficiency =W2/W1 *100

Voltmeter reading at W2=0 ( V2NL) = ............. V

Make the connections as the circuit diagram in Figure

Efficiency of the given single phase transformer is determined at different loads

1310 GPTC Pala

SUMPNER’S TEST ON SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER

2. Single phase transformer 230/115V 2KVA 2

5 Wattmeter Dy 5A 300V LPF 1

6 Wattmeter Dy 20A 75V UPF 1

1510 GPTC Pala

1611 GPTC Pala

Output Power V1 W1 I2 WCu Both Each OP/

Half load 1000 VA

Quarter load 500 VA

Total Iron losses in both transformers=W1= ……………………….

Iron losses in each transformers = W1/2= …………………..

1811 GPTC Pala

OC AND SC TESTS ON A SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER

Aim: Develop a circuit to conduct OC and SC tests on a single phase transformer to

SL NAME SPECIFICATION QUANTITY

Wsc = Full-load copper loss

WSC = ISC R02

OPEN CIRCUIT TEST

Equivalent circuit of transformer

2213 GPTC Pala