Relative Velocity

1. hr = ur t +
1
ar t 2
Þ 2v = x
LM 1 + 1 OP
2
1 Nt t Q1 2
2.45 = 0( t ) + ( 9.8) t 2
x L1 1O
2
Þ v= M + P
2 Nt t Q
1
Þ t2 = 1 2
2

Þ t=
1
sec w=
x
-v=
2x
-
x 1
+
1 LM OP
2 5.
t1 2t1 2 t1 t 2 N Q
2. vr2 – ur2 = 2arS1
S1 £ S LM
x 2 1 OP
1
= 2 t - t - t
vr2 - ur2
N
1 1 Q
2
S³
x L1 1O
2ar
= 2 Mt - t P
( 0) 2 - ( v A - v B ) 2 N 1 Q 2
Þ S³ r
2( - a ) 6. vt = vi$
N
2 r vct
Þ S³
(v A - v B ) vc = vj$
2a
r r r
3. Sr = d A vct = vc - vt = - vi$ + vj$ W E
vr = v + v cos60° v v
tan a = =1
v 3v v
= v+ = S
2 2 Þ a = 45 (WN)
v
S 2d 60° 7. u = 8, a = 0
t = r = B v C A
\ vr 3v v cos60°
d
B
4. From A to B u = 0, a = 4
vsw = vs – vw x Let they meet after t sec
Þ vs = vsw + vw A B So in t sec, distance travelled by body A = ut = 8t
Þ vs = v + w
1 2
So in t sec, distance travelled by body B = at = 2t 2
x x 2
\ t1 = Þw= -v ...(i)
v+w t1 SA = SB
From B to A \ 8t = 2t2
vs = vsw + vw Þ t = 4 sec
= v + (–w) 8. SB = 2t2 = 2(4)2 = 32 m

x x 1 2
\ t2 = Þw=v- ...(ii) 9. h= gt1
v-w t2 2
1
From (i) & (ii) h= ( g + a ) t 22 [\ acl = ac – al = g – (–a) = g + a]
2
x x 1 2 1
-v=v- \ gt1 = ( g + a ) t 22
t1 t2 2 2

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 Physics Solutions (XI) Relative Velocity
2 2
FG t IJ
1
2
g+a a
For B, v – u = 2aS
02 – (20)2 = 2(–1)SB
\
Ht K2
=
g
=1+
g
400
\ t1 > t2 \ SB = = 200
2
10. vp = 500 $j LMv p ® velocity of plane OP \ separation = 500 – [SA + SB]

vgp = 1500 (– $j ) MMv g ® velocity of gases PP LM 225 + 400 OP

vgp = vg– vp MNv gp ® velocity of gas w.r.t plane PQ = 500 -
N 2 Q
Þ vg= vgp + vp
1000 - 625
= –1500 $j + 500 $j =
2
= – 1000 $j 375
r =
11. v A = 54 $j 2
r
v B = 90( - $j ) = 187.5 m
r r r
v BA = v B - v A h h
17. t1 = Þ vm =
= –90 $j – 54 $j vm t1

= –144 $j t2 =
h h
r ve Þ ve =
\ | v BA | = 144 km/hr towards south t2

5 h h tt
= 144 ´ = 40 m/s–1 towards south Now t3 = = = 12
18 vm + ve h h t1 + t2
r r r +
12. v gB = v g - v B = 0 – (–90 $j ) = 90 $j t1 t 2

r 5 Sr
| v gB | = 90 km/hr = 90 ´ = 25 m/s 18. t =
18 vr
r r r
13. vmt = vmg - vtg 4 5
Þ = ( Q vr = v1 + v2)
r 60 30 + v
5( - $j ) = vmg - 25( + $j )
Þ v = 45 km/hr
r
Þ vmg = - 5 $j + 25 $j = 20( + $j ) 19. Sr = x
ur = u1 – u2 = u – 0 = u
14. vbt = vbg – vtg
v vr = v1 – v2 = 0
Þ 0 = vbg – v ar = a1 – a2 = 0 – a = –a
Þ vbg = v Now vr2 – ur2 = 2arSr
As the ball has a velocity v with respect to ground. So path Þ 0 – u2 = 2(–a)x
is parabolic.
15. vbt = 0 \ umin = 2ax

\ path is straight line. 20. Sr = x

vr = 0
16. 15 20
ur = V – v
A B
500 m ar = –a – 0 = –a
vr2 – ur2 = 2arSr
For A, v2 – u2 = 2aS
Þ 02 – (V – v)2 = 2(–a)Sr
02 – (15)2 = 2(–1)SA
225 (V - v ) 2
\ SA = Þ a min =
2 2x

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 Physics Solutions (XI) Relative Velocity
r r r r
21. v cb = vcg - vbg 26. vm = 3 $j
r r r r
v cg = vcb + vbg v d = 4i$ vm
r r r
= 9i$ + 4i$ = 13i$ m / s v dm = vd - vm vd
r = 3 $j - 4i$
| v cg | = 13m / s
r r r r
22. v cb = vcg - vbg \ | v dm | = 32 + ( -4) 2 = 5 m/s
r r r r r r
Þ v cg = vcb + vbg 27. vrm = v r - v m

= ( -9)i$ + 4i$
vm = 3
= – 5i$
r
| v cg | = - 5 m/s 4 = vr
vrm

S 50 ´ 10 -3 \ vrm = v m2 + v r2
23. Time taken = = hr
vr 9

As the parents are also located on the moving belt, speed of = 32 + 4 2 = 5 km/hr
belt will not be considered. r
vr
28. tan 45° = r
50 ´ 10 -3 vm
= ´ 3600 sec vm = 5 45°
9 r r 45°
\ vr = v m = 5 km/hr
= 20 sec vr

24. vr2 – ur2 = 2arSr vrm

29. Zero ( Q v1 = v2 throughout the motion and vr = v2 – v1).
FG 5 IJ 2 r r r
vtp = v t - v p
02 -
H 18 K ( 70 + 60) 2 = 2( -10)S r 30.
=v–v=0
(130) 2 ´ 25 31. Zero.
\ Sr = = 65.2
20 ´ 18 ´ 18 32. Sr = 100 m
ur = 10 – 9 = 1 m/s
\ Minimum 65.2 m distance required to avert collision.
ar = 0
In this case, distance between them is 80 m so collision
will be averted \ Sr = urt

25. If police is able to catch the dacoit Sr 100

\ t = = = 100 sec
vr2 - ur2 ur 1
Sr £
2ar 1
33. Sr = urt + ar t 2
Here vr = 0 2
ur = v ar = 0
ar = 0 – a = –a \ Sr = urt
and Sr = x Þ 1000 = (v – 10)100
0 - v2 \ v = 20 m/s
\ x£
-2a 1 2
34. Sr = urt + ar t
v 2 2
\ x£
2a As ur = 0 and ar = 0
\ v2 ³ 2ax \ Sr = 0

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 Physics Solutions (XI) Relative Velocity
35. (vr)max = v1 + v2
(vr)min = v1 – v2

30°
36. vr2 – ur2 = 2arSr
At greatest separation, vr = 0 vV
Þ 02 – v2 = 2(–a)S

\ v2
S =
2a
r 5
37. v A = 40i$
5
r tan 30° =
v B = 30 $j vV
r r r
v AB = v A - v B = 40i$ - 30 $j Þ vV = 5 3
r –1
| v AB | = ( 40) 2 + ( -30) 2 = 50 km/hr N Þ v = v H2 + vV2
30 3 Where vH and vV are horizontal and vertical component of
tan a = =
40 4 W E rain respectively.
a
FG 3IJ v H2 + vV2 = 52 + (5 3 ) 2
a = tan -1
H 4K south of east
S
r r r = 25 + 75 = 10 km/hr
38. v sb = v s - vb
r r vH 5 1
Þ 0 = v s - vj$ tan q = = =
vV 5 3 3
\ v s = vj$
Thus rain falls at 10 km/hr at 30° with vertical towards east.
Acceleration = g( - $j ) 42. Police van Car
39. Rate of collection of water depends upon the vertical
component of rain which remains unchanged. So rate will
remain unchanged. r r r
40. l + l + y1 = constant vbc = vb - vc
2l + y1 = constant r 5
x Given vbv = 72 km / hr = 72 ´ = 20 m / s
dl dy 18
2 + 1 =0
dt dt y
y1
r r r
vbv = vb - vv
l l
q q m2 v2
dl 1 dy1 v r r r
Þ =- =- 2 Þ vb = vbv + vv
dt 2 dt 2
= 20 + 5 = 25 m/s
Now x2 + y2 = l2 m1
v1
r
dy dl \ vbc = 25 - 10 = 15 m / s
0 + 2y = 2l r r r
dt dt 43. In same direction, vr = v1 - v2
y v \ Sr = vrt
Þ [ v1 ] = 2
l 2
Þ 2.4 = v1 - v 2 ...(i)
Fv I
v
Þ (cos q)[ v1 ] = 2
2
\ q = cos -1 GH 2v JK
2

1
r
In opposite direction, vr = v1 + v2

41. First statement of question tells at speed of 5 km/hr rain \ 6 = v1 + v 2 ...(ii)

appears to fall vertically i.e. horizontal component of rain is
5 km/hr. When man increases his speed by 5 km/hr. \ v1 = 4.2 m/s v2 = 1.8 m/s

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 Physics Solutions (XI) Relative Velocity
r r r
2 51. vr = v1 - v2
44. Time during upstream journey = hr = 2hr
3-2 = v – vcos60°
2 2 v
Time during downstream journey = hr = hr =
3+2 5 2
r 120°
Sr = a 60°
2
\ Total time = 2 + = 2.4 hrs r v
a
v cos60°
5 Sr a 2a
r r r \ t= r = =
45. usb = us - ub vr v/2 v
r r r 1
Þ us = usb + ub 52. S r = ur t + ar t 2
2
= 10 + 5 = 15 m/s 1
100 = 100t + (18iˆ - (18(iˆ))t 2
u 15 2
Time taken to reach maximum height = = = 15
. sec
g 10 100 = 100t + 0
\ Velocity after 2 sec of motion = velocity after 0.5 sec of Þ t = 1 hr
downward journey
So the two trains will cross each other after 1 hr.
= gt
1
= 10(0.5) = 5 m/s \ x = 50 (1) + (18) (1)2 = 59 km
2
46. Let h be the height of escalator 53. hr = 30 m
\ h h ur = u1 – u2 = 0 – (30) = –30
90 = Þ vm =
vm 90 ar = a1 – a2 = g – g = 0
h h \ hr = urt
60 = Þ ve =
ve 60 hr 30
t = = = 1sec
ur 30
h h 90 ´ 60
Time required, t =
vm + v e
=
LM1 1
=
90 + 60 OP 54. h = ut -
1 2
gt
h
N +
90 60 Q 2
1 2
Þ t = 36 sec = 30(1) - (10)(1)
2
v-u 1 v
= wind = u = 25 m
47. v+u 2 55. v = u + at
Þ 2v – 2u = v + u Here u = 0
Þ v = 3u v and a = tanq
48. Sr = d v t
N M
\ v1 = (tan 30° ) t =
vr = v 3
v
Sr d v v2 = (tan 60° )t = 3t
t = =
vr v K L r r r t 2t
r r r v vr = v2 - v1 = 3t - =
49. vbt = vb - vt 3 3
= 5i$ - ( -10i$) = 15i$ 56. v1 = tanq1 x P1
|v| = 15 v2 = tanq2
P2
\ v1 – v2 = vr = tanq1 – tanq2 q1
120 q2
\ t= = 8 sec = constant and non zero t
15
50. Due to pseudo force in forward direction. 57. v = u + at
Pseudo force Þ v1 = 0 + (tanq1)t
ma and v2 = 0 + (tanq2)t
r r r
\ vr = v1 - v2 = t [tan q1 - tan q 2 ]
–a
So as t - Þ vr will -

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 Physics Solutions (XI) Relative Velocity
62. For (1st) case
58. vB = u + gt = 0 + gt = gt (– $j )
vH
vA = u – gt = (u – gt) $j tan 30° = 60°
vV

°
r r r

30
v AB = v A - v B vV
Þ vV = 3 vH (i)
= uj$ - gt ( $j ) - ( gt ( - $j ))
where vV and vH are vertical
= uj$ and horizontal component of vH
r rain velocity.
| v AB | = u
59. ur = u1 – u2 vH + 5
st Þ tan 60° =
= v0 – 0 = v0 1 v0 vV
ar = a1 – a2 2
nd
a 30°
Þ 3 vV = v H + 5

°
60
= 0 – a = –a
vV
Distance between the two is maximum when their relative From (i)
velocity is zero.
Þ 3v H = v H + 5
vr = 0
Now vr2 – ur2 = 2arSr Þ vH = 2.5 km/hr vH + 5

vr2 - ur2
Þ Sr = Thus v = vH2 + vV2
2a

0 - v 02 v2 = ( 2.5) 2 + ( 2.5 3 ) 2
Þ Sr = = 0
2( - a ) 2a = 5 km/hr
60. 10 m/s 63.
A
1000 m 1000 m vr
15 m/s vc vc
B
15 m/s C vr
vrc
1000
t AC = = 40 sec vr
10 + 15

1 vrm
For B, S r = ur t + ar t 2
2
1
Þ 1000 = (15 - 10) 40 + a ( 40) 2
2 \ rain will strike front screen only
= 200 + 800a
x
800 64.
Þ a=
800
= 1 m/s2 y
r
61. vrg = 500( $j ) q l
P Q
r u u
v pr = 1500( - $j )
r r r
v pr = v pg - vrg
r r r
Þ v pg = v pr + vrg
= –1500 $j + 500 $j x2 + y2 = l2
= –1000 $j
dy dl dy l æ dl ö u
Þ 2y = 2l Þ = ç ÷=
| v pg | = 1000 m / s dt dt dt y è dt ø cos q

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 Physics Solutions (XI) Relative Velocity

y vr 70. VR = 5 km/hr,VS = 3 km/hr

65. t=
vm
15 1
Þ = vm
60 5 = vmr y
5 - vr2
2
d = 500 m = 0.5 km
VS
\ 52 - vr2 = 4
q
VR
Þ 25 – vr2 = 16
Þ v r = 9 = 3 km / hr VS × sin q
66. In this case also q = 0 VS
So he should swim due north
67. q should be zero
So he should swim due north in order to reach in minimum q
time. VR
vr = 5 m/min
d 0.5
x tcross = = hour
VS sin q 3 sin q
vmr vm
50 m = y 1 60 10
= 10 m/min = ´ = minutes
6 sin q sin q
71. In previous problem
x = vx × t
10
y 50 t= min
t = = = 5 min sin q
vy 10
x = 5 × 5 = 25 m To cross river in minimum time q = 90°

vr = 5 10
t min = = 10 min
68. N sin 90°
q
72. x
10 = vmr vm W E
q VS
S q
VR
r
| vr | 5 1
sin q = r = = d
| vmr | 10 2 t=
\ q = 30° west of north VS sin q

69. d
x x = Vxt = (VR + Vs cos q) ´
VB = 10 m/s VS sin q
é 5 + 3 cos q ù
VB x=d ê ú (i)
d ë 3 sin q û

VR = 2 m/s VR = 2 m/s é5 ù
x = d ê cosec q + cot qú
ë3 û
dx
d 400 = 0 [maxima – minima condition]
t= = = 40 sec dq
VB 10
5
( - cot q cosec q) + ( -cosec 2 q) = 0
x = VR ´ t = 2 ´ 40 = 80 m 3

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 Physics Solutions (XI) Relative Velocity

5 Case (ii)
Þ - cot q = cosec q
3 V R = aiˆ + bˆj = 8iˆ + bˆj and

5 cos q 1 V M = 12iˆ
- ´ =
3 sin q sin q
V RM = ( a - 12) iˆ + bˆj
Þ cos q = - 3 / 5 q = 30°

Þ - cos q = 3 / 5
30°
V RM
cos (p - q) = 3 / 5 bjˆ
Þ p - q = 180° - q = 53°

q = 180 - 53° (a - 12)iˆ

Put in (i) | 8 - 12 |
Þ tan 30° =
b
[5 + 3 ´ (-3 / 5)] 4 2
x=d = 0.5 =
3 ´ (4 / 5) 3 3 4
b= =4 3
1/ 3
5
73. V A = 60 ´ m/s
18 150 Þ V R = aiˆ + bˆj = 8iˆ + 4 3 ˆj
m/s
A 9
5 ur
VB = 42 ´ m/s | V R | = 64 + 48 = 4 7 km/hr
18
105
B m/s
150 - 105 9 As V = 8iˆ + 4 3 ˆj
Vrel =
9
4 3 3 æ 3ö
cot q = = , q = cot -1 ç ÷ vertical
45 8 2 ç 2 ÷
= = m/s è ø
9
75. 3 km/hr = VS V net
d 10
t= r = = 2 sec
vr 5
q
Total road distance = (V At + 5)m f VR = 2 km/h

150 300 + 45 VS x
= ´2+5=
9 9 (a) Angle with river = f = 90 + q
345 Vsx = Vs sin q = 3 × sin q = VR
= 38.33 m
9
2
ur 3 sin q = 2 sin q =
74. Let V R = aiˆ + bjˆ 3
ur sin f = sin (90 + q) = sin q
V M = 8iˆ Þ sin f = 2/3
ur ur ur
Case (i) V RM = V R - V M d 0.5
(b) Time to cross = =
Vs cos q 3 cos q
V RM = ( a - 8) iˆ + bˆj
1 1
= =
Since V RM is vertical 2 4
6 1 - sin q 6 1-
9
Þ a - 8 = 0 (no horizontal component)
3 1 5
= = hr
Þ a = 8 m/s 6 5 2 5 10

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 Physics Solutions (XI) Relative Velocity

76. VS = 3 km/hr 78. –4 m/s2

A 10 m/s

–2 m/s2 B 20 m/s
120°

VR = 2 km/hr V BA = 20 - (10)

VS cos q = V S cos 30° a BA = ( -2) - ( -4)

VS
= 2 m/s2
t = 2 sec
30°
1
VR S BA = U BAt + a BAt 2
VSx= 2 km/hr 2

1
d 0.5 km 0.5 = 10 ´ 2 + ´ 2 (2 ) 2
(i) t= = = ´2 2
VS cos q 3 cos 30° 3 ´ 3
= 20 + 4 = 24 cm
1 79. A B
= hr In still lake
3 3

(ii) (Vx ) net = VR - VS x

2d
= 2 – 3 × sin 30° T0 =
V
3 When lake water moves at speed V
=2- = 0.5 m/s
2 T = Tdown stream + Tup stream
d x = (Vx ) net ´ t d d
= +
V +v V -v
0. 5 1
dx = = km éV - v + V + v ù
3 3 6 3 =d ê ú
ë V 2 - v2 û
77. VB = v
T 2Vd V 1
q = 2 2´ =
T0 V - v 2d v2
1- 2
V
q
80. Relative velocity of faster train = 40 – 30 = 10 m/s
VW = u Total distance needed to pass the slower train
= 200 + 100 = 300 m
V v
tan q = B = 300
VW u \ Time taken = = 30 sec
10

q q q

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