Miss RR Summary Gened Notes For 2024

GENERAL EDUCATION & PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION NOTES TO REVIEW
2024
GENERAL EDUCATION NOTES 2024

★ National Treasury - provides the fund
PART1: to support the Air Quality Management
★ Highway 54 - the old name of EDSA in the Philippines
during ww-II ★ Tomas Pinpin - kauna-unahang
★ Trisomy 21 - also known as down manlilimbag na Pilipino
syndrome ★ Pascual Poblete - tinaguriang "Ama
★ Kumintang - Filipinos would sing this ng Pahayagang tagalog"
song in preparation for war battle ★ Oxygen - a by-product of
★ En ventre sa mere - the right of the Photosynthesis
unborn child is the same as the right of ★ water - universal solvent
individual ★ Gametes (in human) - contain 22
★ Mark Twain - pen name of Samuel autosomes and 1 sex chromosome
Clemens ★ Emilio Jacinto - utak ng Katipunan
★ Heroic Couplet - last two lines of the ★ Apolinario Mabini - utak ng
Sonnet rebolusyon
★ Sergio Osmeña - the first appointed ★ Kinkee - the gas lamp used to lighten
head of the Department of Education the streets in intramuros way back in
during Commonwealth period history
★ Philippine Normal University - ★ Miranda rule - right of a person
established by the Americans for under arrest
aspiring educators in 1901 ★ Epistemology - examines the nature
★ Animal cells - donot produce cell and origin of human knowledge
walls ★ empiricism - holds that the sensory
★ Bousterophedon - Ancient Greeks experience is the source of knowledge
form of writing ★ Agnoticism - coined by Thomas
★ Nitrogen - the nost abundant gas in Huxley which means "not knowledge
the atmosphere but being able to know
★ Skin - body's largest organ ★ metaphysics - it seeks to find out
★ Chivalric education - also known as what is ultimately real
social discipline. The educational system ★ Horticulture - the art of growing
which emphasized social etiquette flowers, fruits and vegetables
★ Socratic method - teachers ask ★ Jus sanguinis - a child follows the
questions to try to get students to nationality or citizenship of the parents
clarify and rethink their own ideas, to regardless of the place of his birth
come eventually to a deep and clear ★ 1956 - Lupang Hinirang was sung for
understanding of philosophical the first time
concepts ★ Element - the simplest substance
★ Saracenic education - this education that cannot be decomposed further by
is training for scientific thinking normal chemical means
★ verbatim - word for word ★ Pedro Bucaneg - Ama ng panitikang
★ Social Justice - very foundation of Ilocano
genuine peace and reconciliation ★ Intellectual Appreciative Experiences
- based on the premise that all the
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PREPARED BY: MissRr 2024
2024
learning has emotional correlates General Education

Judiciary PART 2:
★ Thailand - formerly called "Siam" 1. Who is the first Filipino Diplomat?
★ Henry Otley Beyer - proposed the A. Felipe Agoncillo ✅
idea that the first Filipinos came B. Teodoro Agoncillo
through waves of migration from South C. Carmen Nakpil
to North D. Liwayway Arceo
★ Klaster - Kambal katinig
★ Trinidad Tecson - Ina ng Biak-na-Bato 2. The first and longest running komiks
at Ina ng Kruss na Pula (Red cross) in the Philippines is
★ Truman Doctrine - was an american A. Doctrina Christiana
foreign policy created to counter Soviet B. Liwayway ✅
geopolitical expansion during the cold C. Manila Bulletin
war D. Kalayaan
★ Manila - was named "Distinguished
and ever loyal city" by Legaspi 3. In the Noli Mi Tangere, what causes
★ Mariano Trias - First Vice President of the death of Donya Pia?
the Republic of the Philippines A. Difficulty of giving birth ✅
★ Plebiscite - the direct vote of all the B. Fever
members of an electorate on an C. Old age
important public questions such as a D. Polio
change in the Constitution.
★Monothiest religion - Christianity, 4. Who is the Tagalog Joan of Arc?
Islam, Judaism A. Agueda Kahabagan ✅
★ First sultinate - Sultinate of Sulu B. Teresa Magbanua
★ Diwata I - first Satellite launched by C. Juanario Galut
the Philippines D. Daniel Terona
★ Franchise - given the right to vote
★ disenfranchise - removal of the right 5. The Least Common multiple of
to vote 8,6,and 3 is____?
★ Antartica - Largest dessert, cold A. 2
dessert B. 48
★ Bicameralism - upperhouse / C. 96
Lowerhouse D. 24 ✅
★ Executive - emplimentinv body
★ Legislative - Lawmaking body 6. At night plants conserve__ and
★ Judiciary - interpreting body restrict__intake.
★ Ural Mountain - separated Europe A. Water; Oxygen
and Asia B. Water; Carbon Dioxide✅
★ 5 ships of Magellan - Trinidad, C. Carbon Dioxide; Water
Conception, Victoria, San Antonio, & D. Oxygen; Water
San Tiago
★ Mongoloids - Known as the Yellow
race 7. Alin sa mga salita ang nasa kayariang
★ Henry the Navigator - He's the great KPPKKPKPKP?
king of Portugal A. Heograpiya✅
B. Kasaysayan
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C. Daigdig 14. What is the power of the senate to

D. Lahat ng nabanggit take private property for public use with
just compensation.
8. The total amount due on 20,000 A. Taxation
which has been invested for five years B. Real State Tax
at 10% annual interest is. C. Charge of Burden
A. 20,000 D. Expropriation ✅
B. 10,000
C. 30,000 ✅ 15. The first Filipino who led a revolt
D. 40,000 against the Spaniards is
A. Teresa Magbanua
9. What makes the difference between B. Agueda Esteban
"ice cream and I scream? C. Raja Lacandula ✅
A. Pitch D. Raja Humabon
B. Juncture✅
C. Sound 16. The Public announcer of the
D. None of the above barangay to announce the
promulgation of the new rules and
10. None of the students__ present in regulations?
the event yesterday. A. Umalohokan✅
A. Are B. Judicial
B. Is C. Cabesa
C. Were ✅ D. Datu
D. Was
17. What book is written by Boris
11. The study of contemporary human Paternak that talks about
societies. totalitarianism rule over Russia?
A. Cosmetology A. War and Peace
B. Cultural Antropology✅ B. Doctor Zhivago✅
C. Civil Rights C. Andress Bonifacio
D. Constitutional Rights D. Jose Rizal
12. During problem solving method, the 18. Which is Chaucer's collection of
teacher's primary role is __ stories in verse showing his skills as
A Director story teller in giving a vivid picture of
B. Lecturer English society in the 1300's
C. Clarifier✅ A. The Canterbury Tales ✅
D. Judge B. The Song of Roland
C. The great epic of the world
13. Which of the following state is the D. The Panchatantra
right to human dignity?
A. Honor And Reputation ✅
B. Fair trail 19. Who won the nobel price collection
C. Constitutional Gitanjali which express faith hope and
D. Natural beauty of the world.
A. Mashou Basho
B. Rabindranath Tagore✅
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C. Bhagavad Gita 24. A schematic diagram shows the

D. All the above components of an electronic circuit by
means of:
20. What do you call the board,the a. Symbol✅
forms, the foundtions of your b. Construction
computer? c. Physical appearance
A. Motherboard ✅ d. Linear appearance
B. CPU 25. The celebrated play of William
C. ROM Shakespeare about two ill-starred who
D. Board come from warring families.
A. Romeo and Juliet ✅
21. Though nothing can bring back B. Anthony and Cleopatra
The hour of splendor in the glass, C. Hamlet and Ophelia
Of glory in the flower, D. Ana and the King
We will grieve not,
Rather find strength in what remains
behind. 43. What European country becomes
This stanza expresses _____. the first to declare an end to its COVID-
A. Grief 19 pandemic?
B. Loss A. Slovakia
C. Hope ✅ B. Slovenia✅
D. Despair C. Finland
D. Iceland
22. In William Shakespeare’s “Merchant
of Venice,” Portia, the judge said: “The 44. Isang Pilipinong manunulat na
quality of mercy is not strained; it tanyag sa kanyang sagisag-panulat na
droppeth as the gentle rain from Dimas-ilaw.
heaven upon the place beneath... It is A. Jose dela Cruz
twice blesst; it blesseth him that gives B. Anotonio Luna
and him that takes. ‘Tis mighter than C. Jose Corazon de Jesus
the mightiest... and one is likened to D. Emilio Jacinto✅
God when mercy seasons justice.” Sagot: D-Si Emilio Jacinto ay si “Dimas-
The main thought of the excerpt it that ilaw” at siya ang kanang kamay ni
_______ Andres Bonifacio. Si Jose dela Cruz ay
A. Mercy is only for deserving Huseng Sisiw, Antonio Luna ay Taga-ilog
B. Mercy is limited in extent at Jose Corazon de Jesus ay Huseng
C. Mercy is spontaneous and freely Batute.
given.✅
D. Mercy comes from the rain. 45. Sino ang may-akda ng Fray Botod?
A. Jose Garcia Villa
23. What is the lowest form of learning? B. Graciano Lopez Jaena ✅
A. Perceiving ✅ C. Marcelo del Pilar
B. Conditioning D. Jose Rizal
C. Responding Sagot: B- Ang akdang “Fray Botod” ay
D. Teaching isang akdang tumutuligsa sa
kamangmangan at pagmamalabis ng
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mga prayle. Ito ay sinulat ni Graciano

Lopez Jaena. 49. Isang mahabang tulang pasalaysay
tungkol sa kabayanihan ng pangunahing
46. Sa pananaliksik, saang kabanata tauhan na may pambihirang katangian.
matatagpuan ang mga kaugnay na pag- A. epiko ✅
aaral at literatura? B. pabula
A. Kabanata I C. parabula
B. Kabanata II ✅ D. dalit
C. Kabanata III Sagot: A-Epiko. Ang pabula ay tungkol
D. Kabanata IV sa kwento na ang nagsisiganap ay mga
Sagot: B-May limang kabanata ang isang hayop, parabula ay mula sa Bibliya at
pananaliksik. Ito ay ang mga ang dalit ay awit na pumupuri sa Diyos.
sumusunod: Kabanata I (Ang Suliranin
at ang Kaligiran Nito), Kabanata II (Mga 50. Siya ay kilala bilang ang “dakilang
Kaugnay na Pag-aaral at Literatura), mananalumpati” ng kilusang
Kabanata III (Disenyo at Paraan ng propaganda.
Pananaliksik), Kabanata IV A. Graciano Lopez Jaena ✅
(Presentasyon at Interpretasyon ng mg B. Jose Rizal
Datos) at Kabanata V (Lagom, C. Marcelo H. Del Pilar
Kongklusyon at Rekomendasyon). D. Gregorio Del Pilar
Sagot: A- Ang Triumvirate ng Kilusang
47. Isang tulang maromansa na kung Propaganda ay sina Graciano Lopez
saan nakaharap sa mga Jaena, Jose Rizal at Marcelo H. Del Pilar.
pakikipagsapalaran ang mga tauhan at At ang tinagurian na “dakilang
hango sa tunay na buhay. mananalumpati” ay si Graciano Lopez
A. Moro-moro Jaena.
B. Epiko
C. Awit✅
D. Korido General Education
Sagot: C-May dalawang tulang PART 3:
maromansa sa Panitikang Filipino. Ito ay
ang awit at korido. Ang awit ay 1. It is a collection of religious poetry
makatotohanan dahil ito ay hango sa written by Rabindranath Tagore.
tunay na buhay (halimbawa: Florante at a. Mahabharata
Laura). Ang korido ay di-makatotohanan b. Gitanjali
dahil ang mga tauhan ay may c. The Ramayana
kakayahang supernatural (halimbawa: d. Bhagavad Gita
Ibong Adarna). Answer: B
48. Alin sa mga sumusunod ang HINDI 2. Robert Frost wrote the poem
epiko ng Mindanao? Acquainted with the Night from which
A. Bantugan the stanza is taken:
B. Bidasari I have been one acquainted with the
C. Maragtas✅ night.
D. Indarapatra at Sulayman I have walked out in rain-back in rain.
Sagot: C-Ang Maragtas ay epiko ng mga I have out walked the farthest city light
Bisaya. The poet in the stanza talks of?
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a. isolation and loneliness 7. “Only the heart can see rightly.” This
b. joy getting out of the house statement is lifted from what particular
c. youthful delight playing in the rain novel?
d. happiness in having been acquainted a. The Prince and the Pauper
with the night b. The Little Prince
Answer: A c. The Right One
d. The Pearl
3. Which is the BEST WAY to write the Answer: B
underlined portion of this sentence?
Researchers also speculate that some 8. He was the American President who
teachers might have given boys more said, “Ask not what America will do for
computer time because parents and you, but what together we can do for
teachers expected boys to need the freedom of man.”
computers for future careers. a. Gerald Ford
a. expected b. Franklin Roosevelt
b. expecting c. Henry Truman
c. will expect d. John F. Kennedy
d. will have expected Answer: D
Answer: D
9. History is the witness that __ passing
4. The wounded soldiers were visited by of time.
the president who honoured them with a. testifies
____ for their _. b. will testify
a. medals – valor c. testifies for
b. gun salute – bravery d. testifies for the
c. appointments – dedication Answer: D
d. money – sacrifice
Answer: A 10. When I met Liza yesterday, it was
the first time I _ her since Christmas.
5. Every June, Manila has its festival of a. saw
outstanding Filipino films. This was a b. had seen
project initiated by c. have seen
a. Arsenio Lacson d. have been seen
b. German Moreno Answer: D
c. Antonio Villegas
d. Ramon Bagatsing 11. The commander ordered his men to
Answer: C hold on the fort. What was the
message?
6. Which among the sounds below is a. Surrender in arms
voiceless? b. Keep on with the fight
a. /b/ c. Disregard the peace negotiation
b. /z/ d. Rescue the hostage victims fast and
c. /g/ early
d. /p/ Answer: B
Answer: D
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12. “She is a vision of feminine a. Guilt

pulchritude.” This stands for the b. Triumph
following EXCEPT c. Indecision
a. Loveliness d. Aggression
b. Comeliness Answer: A
c. Homeliness
d. Physical beauty 18. I suggest that he _ in the room for
Answer: C one week.
a. Stay
13. The Nibelungenlied is a b. Stayed
a. Latin Myth c. Staying
b. Chinese legend d. Stays
c. Russian folk song Answer: A
d. Medieval German epic
Answer: D 19. The manager told his workers, “We
have to reduce our workforce.” What
14. An association wherein the name of did he mean?
something is substituted by something A.Workers are free to leave
that represents it. B.Workers are warned of possible lay
a. Metonymy off
b. Comparison C.Workers have to double time on their
c. Euphemism jobs
d. Personification D.Workers should submit themselves to
Answer: A a reducing gym
Answer: B
15. Because the moon rotates on its axis
at the same time as it __ around the 20. The parent remarked, “__ I come
earth, we see the same side late, just lock the door.”
a. Revolve a. In the absence
b. Revolves b. In the process
c. Is revolving c. In the event
d. Has been revolving d. In the case
Answer: B Answer: C
16. In English verse, a poetic foot having 21. The copyreader found the news
1 stressed syllable followed by 1 story boring. He found it full of _.
unstressed syllable is __. a. Adjectives
a. Trochaic b. Verbs
b. Iambic c. Pronouns
c. Dactylic d. Adverbs
d. Anapaestic Answer: C
Answer: A
17. Senators were accused by activists 22. There were three guests on the
of washing their hands with the stage. They were made up of a parent,
perfumes of Arabia. This state is the governor and the principal. Who
commonly known as
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should be acknowledged first by the a. losers often fail because they find
valedictorian? reasons for losing
a. The classmates b. a winner can also be a quitter
b. The principal c. accountability of one’s action tells of
c. The governor bravery
d. The parent d. excuses are needed to justify any
Answer: C failure
Answer: C
23. What is suggested in the opening
line? June 13, 1986 - they came from all 26. A couple accepted a wedding
over America - 200,000 heroes strong, invitation. They showed pleasure in
with their families. these remarks
a. The writer holds great admiration for a. All guests congratulated the
the veterans organizers and the couple
b. The writer is opposed to the Vietnam b. Guests came in and out of the
War ceremonies
c. The writer was a veteran of the war c. The ceremonies were very impressive
d. The writer is a flag-waving patriot d. The couple felt uneasy with the priest
Answer: A Answer: C
24. A readability mismatch happens 27. What correction should be made to

when the reading levels of books this sentence?
exceed the reading levels of the One of the theories is that the first child
students. In this situation, the students receives more of the parents' attention
experience frustration and they fall than other children so first-borns tend
short of the expected or desired output. to be more intellectual.
A student who finds himself/ herself in a. Change is to are
such a mismatch will likely do which of b. Insert a comma after children
the following? c. Change parents' to parent's
a. Give an intelligent critique of the d. Change theories to theory's
selection or story read Answer: B
b. Write a comprehensive reaction
paper regarding the selection or story 28. Carl Sundburg wrote "Jazz Fantasia"
read which has for its first stanza:
c. Present an argument that the Drum on your drums, batter on your
selection or story read was not properly banjos, sob on the long cool winding
written saxophones. Go to it, O jazzmen.
d. Manifest an expected and Which words illustrate alliteration?
commensurate emotional reaction to a. Batter and banjos
the selection or story read b. Sob and winding
Answer: C c. Long and cool
d. To and it
25. What does this mean: Excuses are Answer: A
for losers… those who take
responsibility for their actions are real 29. What is meant by AT SIXES AND
winners in life. This tells of? SEVENS in this sentence?
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We moved into the house last week, c. Ang mga kabataan ay naglalaro at
but I'm afraid everything, is still at sixes nagtatakbuhan sa lansangan kung
and sevens. maliwanag ang gabi.
a. The things have not been shipped. d. Ang mga kabataan kung maliwanag
b. In a state of confusion ang buwan ay nagtatakbuhan sa
c. In an orderly manner lansangan at naglalaro.
d. The boxes are still intact Answer: C
Answer: B
30. What is the mood of these lines? 3. Piliin ang gawi ng pagsasalita:
Daylight, I must wait for the sunrise Kasiyahan ko nang makitang kayo’y
I must think of a new life nagmamahalan.
And I mustn't give in. a. Pangarap
When the dawn comes b. Pagkontrol ng kilos
tonight will be a memory, too c. Pagkuha ng impormasyon
And a new day will begin. d. Pagbabahagi ng damdamin
a. Afraid Answer: D
b. Sarcastic
c. Depressed
d. Hopeful Measures of Central Tendency
Answer: D
Alam nyo ba ito? Ito yung "Mean,
General Education Filipino Median and Mode". Paano sila kunin?
Part 4: Let's start with
1. Sinabi ni Carlos P. Romulo sa isa "Mean"

niyang akda, “Ang Pilipino ay may Ito yung average ng lahat ng given
dugong maharlika.” Ano ang kahulugan numbers kapag pinag-add sila lahat at
nito? dinivide sa kung ilang items sila.
a. Ang Pilipino ay nanggaling sa
malayang lahi For example: Ito yung given numbers:
b. Ang Pilipino ay sadyang mabuti ang 5,8,6,7,7,5,9,5
budhi. Ngayon, i-add natin sila lahat,
c. Ang Pilipino ay galing sa mayamang 5+8+6+7+7+5+9+5 = 52
lahi I-divide sa 8 yung 52 kasi 8 ang items
d. Ang Pilipino ay madaling maipagbili natin.
Answer: A Mean= 52 ÷ 8 = 6.5
Mean= 6.5
2. Alin sa mga sumusunod ang Note: This is UNGROUPED DATA.
pinakatamang pangungusap?
a. Ang mga kabataan sa lansangan ay "Median"
naglalaro at nagtatakbuhan sa Bago natin kunin ang median, iaarrange
lansangan. muna natin ang items mula sa
b. Ang kabataan ay naglalaro kung pinakamaliit na value papunta sa
maliwanag ang buwan at pinakamalaki.
nagtatakbuhan sa lansangan. Arrangement: 5,5,5,6,7,7,8,9
Ngayon, kunin na natin yung number/s
na nasa middle. Alin yun? Yung 6 at 7.
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Tapos I-add natin yung 6 at 7. GENERAL EDUCATION:

So, 6+7= 13 PART 5:
Yung sagot na 13, idivide naman natin 1. What factor was a major cause of
sa 2 kasi 2 items yung inadd natin both World War I and World War II?
(which are 6 and 7) a. The spread of Marxian ideas into
Median= 13÷2= 6.5 Europe
Median= 6.5 b. The dropping of atomic bombs
Note: Kapag Odd ang bilang ng items c. Nationalism and national borders
natin, hindi na natin kailangan mag-add d. The rise of totalitarian fascist states
and divide sa pagkuha ng median. Yung Answer: D
pinakagitna na nila ang median mismo.
Example: 2,4,6,8,9,11,12 2. In which organization is the
Since 7 items yan, odd number yun. So Philippines a member to fight
ang median yung pinaka-middle which communist aggression?
is 8. 😊 a. APEC
b. ASA
"Mode" c. UN
Ito naman yung number mula sa items d. SEATO
na most repeated. Sa items natin, alin Answer: D
ba yung inulit ng maraming beses?
Number 5. Kung mapapansin nyo, 3. The theory that population increases
tatlong beses sya naulit. by geometrical ratio while the means of
Mode= 5 subsistence increases by arithmetical
Note: Kung sa given items ay walang ratio is attributed to?
naulit na number, it means WALANG a. Karl Marx
b. Robert Malthus
MODE c. Emile Durkheim
Dagdag ko na ang Range. Ito yung d. Aristotle
difference ng Highest item at Lowest Answer: B
item.
4. In what instance is the Filipino
"Range" double-standard morality shown?
Highest item/score minus Lowest a. A couple brings their sick child to the
item/score doctor then later to the espiritista
Yung highest natin ay 9 at ang lowest ay b. Young parents bring up their children
5 in a manner different from how they
Range = 9 - 5 = 4 were brought up
Range = 4 c. Illiterate parents are eager to send
their children to school even if they
themselves did not go to school
d. A married man who flirts with
someone else other than his wife seems
acceptable but a married woman who
flirts with another man is condemned.
Answer: D
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5. Which part of Asia does the Arabian 10. The third and last military governor
peninsula occupy? of the Philippines was
a. Northwest a. Gen. Wesley Merritt
b. Southeast b. Gen. Elwell Otis
c. Southwest c. Gen. Arthur MacArthur
d. Northeast d. Gen. Douglas MacArthur
Answer: C Answer: C
11. Which Katipunan member
6. The important factors which have commuted from Cavite to Manila to buy
contributed to the weakness in the materials used to make ammunitions?
internalization of desirable values is a. Teresa Magbanua
the? b. Agueda Esteban
a. Lack of models among the very c. Teodora Alonso
people expected to exemplify these d. Trinidad Tecson
values Answer: B
b. Use of approaches which are mainly 12.Which economic system is based on
cognitive rather than effective free enterprise?
c. Lack of follow up systems from one a. Globalism
grade level to another b. Mixed economies
d. Minimum recognition and c. Capitalism
appreciation given to teachers d. Communism
Answer: A Answer: C
13. How is the so-called colonial
7. To govern is to rule and the mentality manifested?
government rules by laws. Whose main a. Cultural relativism
duty is the enforcement of laws? b. Cultural diversity
a. Police department c. Xenocentrism
b. Judiciary department d. Ethnocentrism
c. Legislative department Answer: C
d. Executive department 14. Which is a safeguard against unfair
Answer: D trade practices like short-weighing?
8. The term that refers to the class of a. Total Quality Movement
Filipinos who were free and b. Consumerism
independent c. Consumer vigilance
a. Timawa d. Substandardization
b. Maharlika Answer: C
c. Aliping namamahay 15. If the seven continents were
d. Aliping saguiguilid arranged from largest to smallest, in
Answer: A which order does Australia fall?
9. The Spanish expedition responsible a. 4th
for naming the archipelago Filipinas b. 5th
a. Magellan’s expedition c. 6th
b. Loarca expedition 8. 7th
c. Legaspi expedition Answer: D
d. Villalobos expedition 16. In which continent can we find
Answer: D stormy Cape Horn which is known as
the graveyard of ships and sailors?
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a. Africa c. Be independent from Spain with

b. Australia certain conditions
c. South America d. Be represented in the Spanish Cortes
d. Asia Answer: B
Answer: C 22. Who among the Presidents changed
17. Which led to the creation of the date of our celebration of
Pakistan as a nation in 1947? Religious Independence day from July 4 to June
differences between 12?
a. Hindus and Christians a. Ramon Magsaysay
b. Christians and Muslims b. Diosdado Macapagal
c. Hindus and Buddhists c. Carlos Garcia
d. Hindus and Muslims d. Ferdinand Marcos
Answer: D Answer: B
18. Which is common to Sun Yat Sen 23. In which country did the Philippines
and Mahatma Gandhi? participate in the world’s peacekeeping
a. Promoted a society ruled by religious operations by sending doctors, nurses,
leaders soldiers and police?
b. Rejected violence as a way to political a. Israel
power b. East Timor
c. Led a successful nationalistic c. Iraq
movement in their respective countries d. Iran
d. Supported Marxist philosophy to Answer: C
change existing governments 24. In which poem did Rizal write about
Answer: B offering one’s life for one’s country?
19. Nebuchadnezzar was to the a. A La Juventud Filipina
Babylonian Empire as Asoka was to the b. Song of Maria Clara
__ Empire. c. Sa Aking mga Kabata
a. Roman d. Mi Ultimo Adios
b. Gupta Answer: D
c. Greek 25. As an effect of our geography, in
d. Maurya which of the following island/s do
Answer: D people travel mostly by water?
20. With the opposition of the parity a. Luzon
rights in mind, who does NOT belong to b. Mindanao
the group? c. Visayas
a. Claro M. Recto d. Visayas and Mindanao
b. Jose Laurel Answer: C
c. Manuel Roxas 26. As an insular country, to which
d. Pedro Taruc principle does the Philippines adhere
Answer: C when it comes to territorial boundary?
21. When the Filipino reformists asked a. Two hundred nautical miles of the
for the assimilation of the Philippines by country’s coast
Spain, what did they ask for? For the b. Three hundred fifty nautical miles
Philippines to ____ from shore
a. Become independent from Spain c. Three-mile territorial limit
b. Become a province of Spain d. Archipelagic doctrine
Answer: D
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27. Which part/s of the Visayas

has/have comparatively more
excessively moist climate and limited General Education GENED: Information
arable lands? and Communication Technology (ICT)
a. Western PART 5:
b. Eastern
c. Eastern and Central 1. Which of the following is not a
d. Central and Western benefit of technology in education?
Answer: B a. Improves critical-thinking abilities.
28. Which follows Pres. Garcia’s b. Unlimited access to games and other
“Filipino First Policy”? Filipinos internet sites.
a. Should buy and consume Filipino c. Allows cooperative learning.
products only d. Increases self-expression.
b. Should not contribute to the brain Answer: B
drain problem
c. Should be selective in the entry in the 2. Which situation shows that
entry of foreign professionals in the technology can be used to motivate
country students to learn?
d. Were to be given first preference in a. Teacher Eric employs educational
all matters related to the economic games related to the lesson they are
development of the country taking.
Answer: D b. Miss Cleo designs lessons which use
29. Aside from the Philippines, which cooperative learning with technology
countries claim part of the Spratly integration.
islands in the South China Sea? c. Mr. Jimmy utilizes computer assisted
a. China, Thailand, Brunei, Malaysia instruction programs so that students
b. China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Malaysia will learn at their own pace.
c. Indonesia, China, Taiwan, Malaysia d. Teacher Sarah assigns projects to her
d. China, Thailand, Brunei, Malaysia class where self-expression and
Answer: B creativity is acknowledged.
30. The following are our constitutional Answer: A
rights EXCEPT to
a. Free access to legal assistance which 3. He is considered as the “Father of
shall not be denied due to poverty Modern Media in Education”.
b. Have access to all records of the a. Jean Piaget
government b. Robert Gagne
c. Be presumed innocent until proven c. B.F. Skinner
guilty d. Edgar Dale
d. Form association and labor unions Answer: D
Answer: B 4. It is a term to denote a whole range
of technologies associated with
processing information and with
sending and receiving messages.
a. Educational Technology
b. Information and Communication
Technology
c. Media Technology
13
2024
d. Instructional Systems Design a. necessary to ensure that the

Answer: B materials are reliable.
b. unethical because he does not trust
5. A methodology widely used for the author.
developing new training programs. c. unnecessary because all resources
a. Microsoft from the internet are dependable.
b. World Wide Web d. just a waste of time.
c. Instructional Systems Design Answer: A
d. Computer Technology
Answer: C 10. When a teacher asks the
consistency of a material taken from the
6. This is considered to be the first internet with other available materials,
manual data processing device he/she is concerned with its?
developed in China in the 12th century a. relevance
A.D. b. accuracy
a. Hieroglyphics c. coverage
b. Papyrus d. currency
c. Printing Press Answer: B
d. Abacus
Answer: D
General Education GENED: Filipino
Members of the same species -
7. He is considered to be the “Father of Taxonomy is the branch of Biology
Computing” because of his concerned with the classification of
contributions to the basic design of organisms.
computer. They are arranged in the following
a. John Napier hierarchy: Kingdom, Phylum, Class,
b. William Oughtred Order, Family, Genus, Species. __ have
c. Blaise Pascal the most in common with one another.
d. Charles Babbage
Answer: D Positive Phototropism - A plant growing
on a shady side of a tall fence bends
8. Which is the standard input device around the corner of the fence towards
that accepts letters, numbers and the sunlight.
commands from the user?
a. Trackpad Vacuole - The part of the plant cell that
b. Lightpen stores water, sugar, and minerals.
c. Mouse
d. Keyboard Gases - Sound waves travel the slowest
Answer: D in ___.
9. Mr. Rico carefully studies the Stomata - Plants need carbon dioxide,
materials he acquired from the internet. water, light and chlorophyll in order to
He always examines if the author is make starch by photosynthesis. Carbon
qualified to present the material. This dioxide enters plants through holes in
practice is? the leaves called ____.
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2024
Carbohydrates - Sugar and starches are sea. _____ is the characteristic

___. possessed only by mammals.
Monera - Considered as the most
primitive Kingdom Plasma - The liquid portion of the blood
is the _____.
Promote the rising of bread for baking
- Not all microorganisms are harmful. Atoms - The building blocks from which
Yeasts _______. all matter is composed are known as __.
Heterotrophs - These are organisms Xylem - The vascular tissue that

that cannot manufacture their own conducts water and minerals.
food.
Phloem - The vascular tissue that
The use of auxins - ___ may stimulate conducts food.
the growth of the roots in plant
cuttings. Eutrophication - An environmental
condition that has been blamed for the
Animals must obtain food from outside usual occurrence of fish kills.
sources. - Chloroplasts play an active
role in the chemical processes required Chemical Change - A ___ is any change
by plant cells to make food. On the that results in the production of one or
other hand, animal cells have no more substances that differ in chemical
chloroplasts, __. properties and composition from the
original substances.
Hypothesis - A group of student
researchers believe that high blood Visible expression of genotype -
pressure is due to too much salt in the Phenotype may be defined as ____.
diet. This is best classified as a _____.
Cellulose - Cell walls present in plant
Protons - The weight of an atom comes cells are made up of ____.
mostly from its _____.
Fats - Our diet must include three types
Positive geotropism - Exhibited by the of food: energy foods, body-building
roots of plants foods, and maintenance foods. The
energy foods are carbohydrates and __.
Ozone layer - The ____ is the region of
the atmosphere which absorbs harmful Reduce the possibility of stroke -
ultraviolet radiation. Aspirin has been known to retard the
blood-clotting process allowing us to
Amphibians - These are the animals use aspirin to __.
which live on land but return to the
water to breed. Teresa Magbanua - First woman fighter
in Panay and considered as the Visayan
They feed their young on milk with Joan of Arc
mammary glands. - Dolphins and
whales are mammals that live in the Trinidad Tecson - She joined the
women chapter of the Katipunan in
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2024
1895 at the age of 47 and was popularly

known as the Mother of Biak-na-Bato. Graciano Lopez Jaena - Orador ng
Pagababago
Antonio Luna - The greatest Filipino
strategist of the Filipino-American War Pascual Poblete - Ama ng Pahayagang
Tagalog
Rizal - The Great Malayan
199 - Largest prime number less than
Luis Taviel de Andrade - When Rizal 200
was in trial, __ was the defense counsel
assigned to him. 45 and 46 - Consecutive numbers with
the sum of 91
Tax Reform for Acceleration and
Inclusion - Recently passed is the TRAIN Nonagon - It is a regular polygon with
Law which stands for 27 diagonals.
Sin tax - The tax imposed on beer and Bodabil - Spanish: Sarswela ::
other alcohol products. American : ____
Evasion - An unlawful act of escaping Matsing - Mapagkumbaba : Pagong ::

from payment of taxes Mapagmataas : _____
US Dollars - Philippine economy Mapagkunwari - Ang "Siya ay maganda

indicates are closely related to the rise ngunit siya ay mahinhing talipandas." ay
and fall of the nangangahuluhang ____.
Robert Malthus - The theory that Ano, sino, saan, kailan - Ang mahagang
population increases by geometrical salik ng pamamahayag ay ipahayag ang
ratio while the means of substinence ___.
increases by arithmetical ratio is
Talumpati - Ang __ ay pampublikong
Let the buyer beware - In buying goods, komunikasyon na layong magpaliwanag
the meaning of the foreign borrowed o manghikayat.
phrase "caveat emptor" is let the buyer
beware. Masaklaw - Ang ___ na pamamahayag
ay nagpapahayag ng iba't-ibang anggulo
Patents Patriae - It is prerogative ng minamatyagang pangyayari.
inherent in the state where it is called
upon to protect those with less than full Code of Ethics - A professional teacher
capacity to take adequate care of their should faithfully observe the ____.
own interests.
Chinese - The great grandfather of Rizal
Panubong - Ang __ ay isang mahabang is __.
tulang pang-awit bilang handog sa isang
dalagang may kaarawan. Kilala rin ito sa Cockfighting - Principal form of
Katagalugan dahil sa pagpuputong ng entertainment of the Filipino men
koronang bulaklak sa dalaga.
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2024
Banaue Rice Terraces - Man-made In Loco Parentis - It is a Latin term

wonder of the world meaning "instead of a parent" or "in
place of a parent".
Kung Fu Tzu - Not a religious leader
The Manila Times - Oldest extant
Dinagyang - Cebu : Sinulog , Kalibo : Ati- English-language newspaper in the
atihan, Iloilo : Philippines.
Isang katlo - Ang tamang sulat ng 1/3 ay
Folktales - These are stories which
Kundiman - Awit ng pagibig reflect the people's beliefs and are
handed down from generation to
Salawikain - "Daig ng maagap ang generation by word of mouth.
masipag." Ito ay uri ng
Matsuo Basho - The greatest haiku poet
Maikling kuwento - Ang gintong
panahon ng mga manunulat noong Number of protons in its nucleus -
panahon ng Amerikano ay batid sa uring Elements are classified according to the
____.
Lizard - An organism which is cold
Hindi sumusunod sa magulang - Ayon blooded with a dry scaly skin
kay Balagtas, "Ang laki sa layaw,
karaniwa'y hubad." kaya ang mga bata Decomposers - Organisms responsible
ay __. for the return of substances in the
bodies of the dead plants and animals
Epiko - Ang __ ay ang tulang pasalaysay to the soil.
na naglalahad ng buhay at kabayanihan
ng isang tao sa isang partikular na lugar. Testosterone - It promotes
development of secondary male sexual
Penomenal - Umaaraw na characteristics.
Kagamitang biswal - Ang paggamit ng Hemoglobin - It is the iron-containing

globo ay nabibilang sa _____. compound which give the red
corpuscles its color.
Ballad - A ___ does not rhyme ABCD.
Vitamin A - Night blindness in children
Hieroglyphics - The oldest form of and adults is attributed to the deficiency
Egyptan writing in ___ in the diet.
Veni, Vidi, Vici - It is a famous phrase Boyle's law - It states that at constant
said to have been spoken by the Roman temperature, the volume of a gas in
Emperor Julius Caesar. inversely proportional to the pressure.
Res ipsa loquitor - It means the thing Red light - It has the least frequency but
speaks for itself. the longest wavelength.
Technology - It is the application of

scientific concepts and principles.
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2024
Trochaic - In English verse, a poetic foot

Ecosystem - It is the interaction of a havin one stressed syllable followed by
colony of ant to the nonliving and living one unstressed syllable is ___.
things in its habitat.
/p/ - Voiceless sound
Solid - Has the strongest intermolecular
force The Devil's Island - In the Count of
Monte Cristo, Edmond Dante was
Seismograph - It can detect the wrongfully imprisoned in the _____.
magnitude of an earthquake.
4 - The area and perimeter of a square
The speed increases - ____ as sound are numerically equal if the side length
waves travel from a less dense mediun is __.
to a denser medium.
Hardware - The _____ is the physical
Just compensation - The Bill of Rights components of the computer.
guaranteed that no private property
shall be taken for use without ___. Uploading - It refers to the process of
sending a file from the computer to
Sikatuna - He was the chieftain of Bohol another computer in a network.
e
with whom Miguel Lopez de Legazpi has Thermal Energy - When coal is burned,
blood compact with in 1565 stored energy is being released in the
Political party - Not an element of a form of ___.
state
Store the energy from the sun - In the
High-tech - Cases of robberies have process in manufacturing food, plants
tremendously decreased because of ______.
SOPHISTICATED security schemes
installed in almost all the banks in the Hydrogen - ____ is much lighter than
country. Sophisticated means ___. air.
Security - The theme of the quote,

"Have a good bank account, a good 🔥Gen Ed best bullets!✅
cook and a good digestion" is __. ▫️▫️▫️▫️▫️▫️▫️▫️▫️▫️▫️▫️▫️▫️▫️▫️▫️▫️
BLENDED LEARNING- actual classroom
5:15PM - The examination will take & online instruction
place a quarter after five. Nora should QUEEN ELIZABETH- Virgin Queen
be in the venue at _____. MIRAGE- Aspalt Seal
TIRAD PASS-Gregorio del Pilar
Blissful - _____ is synonymous is MIDNIGHT SUN-shines both dau ang
ecstatic. night(North Pole)
SATIRIKA- sanaysay na panunuya sa
Immature - She described her kabutuhan ng lipunan
classmate's statement as too HELEN OF TROY- the face who launched
SOPHOMORIC. This means _____. a thousand ships
CHAUFFER-driver in french
18
2024
MESDAMES-plural of madam VETO POWER- the power to set aside

ONOMATOPOEIA- tinkle,tinkle,tinkle certain grant
IMPROMTU- ang paksa ay ibibigay bago RING OF FIRE- Philippines
magsimula ang talumpati PHYLOGENETICS describe the
FRAILOCRACIA-terms of marcelo h. del EVOLUTION SEQUENCE of organism
pilar to Friars BACTERIA- example of unicellular
CARBON DIOXIDE- released by plants at organisms
night AGRICULTURE- crops/foods
ARENA THEATER- severino montano KATALINUHAN- basal o di congreto
EXPERIMENTAL THEATER- rolando tinio CRUDE- about the giving of surname by
SALA THEATER - roger naty crame claveria
RECTANGLE- shape of brick, opposite MIDDLE CLASS- member of propaganda
side are equal who was able to go to school(19th
EPISTOLARY- Exchange of Letter century)
PAN DE REGLA- 1st Filipino bread REPRODUCTION- survival of the species
URBANA AT FELIZA- Fr, Modesto de CHRISTIANITY- spains greatest legacy in
Castro the Philippines
ALEXANDER FLEMING- penecillin ATOM- smallest particle
discover SERENDIPITY HIGH SCHOOL/SECONDARY
FRAY JUAN DE PLACENCIA- author of EDUCATION- Spanish Educational
doctrina christiana Decree of 1867.
JONES LAW- law of bicameralism VOLUME- softness & loudness of sound
REDUCCION- pagbabagong anyo ng PITCH- highness & lowness of sound
bayan (resettlement) NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE- author of
BLOOD COMPACT (sandugo)- scarlet letter
agreement between Legaspi & Datu VOCAL CHORDS- larynx
Sikatuna END OF HUKBALAHAP- MAGSAYSAY
HINDUISM- oldest religion in Asia PAGLULUSTAY-katiwalian ni kapitan
LOVE FEELINGS- more qualitative tiyago
GULF- a sea partly surrounded by land CHECK AND BALANCE- principle behind
ZONE- surface between arctic circle & the power given legislatives to impeach
tropic cancer the president for the lost of public trust.
SERGIO OSMENA- speaker of the NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCES- fossil
Philippine assembly fuels,petroleum,coals
MANUEL L. QUEZON- speaker of FOLKLORE- philosophy of our folks
Philippine commission during pre-hispanic days
ERRONEOUS DATA- it is not related to VIBRIO CHOLERA- comma shaped
ethics in research bacteria
CITY STATES- single political units ALTA DE TEREJOS-rejected aguinaldo as
GALIT- salubong ang kilay president
TALUMPATI-binigkas sa harap ng madla BODABIL- is a play NOT from the
LEECHES- facilitate coagulation spanish Era.
PEDRO PELAEZ- led the native secular CEDULA- residence certificate during
clergy spanish occupation
DOUGLAS MC ARTHUR- field marshall IRON- ferromagnetic
of the philippine army SOCRATIC METHOD- question and
answer is a prime
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2024
The Philippines is made up of 7,641

islands. What is the largest island in
the Philippines in terms of landmass:
LUZON (42,458 MILES)
-
The capital city of the Philippines is
Prepositions of TIME AT, ON, and IN.
MANILA
AT- usually sa exact time like at 7pm, at -
3 oçlock, etc... The first capital of the Philippines
was CEBU
ON - is used with days and dates like on -
January 2, on Monday, on Tuesday, on The longest bridge in the Philippines
the 4th of April, etc. is SAN JUANICO BRIDGE
-
IN - is used with months and years like The largest gulf in the Philippines is
in April, in June, in 1990, in 2017...etc....
MORO GULF
-
prepositions of LOCATION, AT, ON, and
IN. The place where Ferdinand Magellan
first landed in the Philippines was on
.AT- usually sa specific point like at the CEBU
center, at the corner, and in addresses -
usually pag may number si house like The Summer Capital of the
I live at #3 Roxas street,etc Philippines is BAGUIO
-
ON - is used with surfaces like on the The largest Philippine island in terms
wall, on the floor, on the table, on the of Population is LUZON
ground, and in addresses usually pag
name lang ng street, avenue, road like
Region 4-b is also called as
I Live on Roxas street, I live on Roxas
MIMAROPA (MINDORO
avenue,etc
OCCIDENTAL AND ORIENTAL,
IN - is used when the thing is inside the PALAWAN, ROMBLON,AND
boxlike structure like in the kitchen, in MARINDUQUE)
the room, in the hall..with addresses
naman use IN with cities, places like in Landlocked provinces mean that
Seoul, in the Philippines, in they have no access to the sea or
Mindanao,etc. ocean. How many landlocked
provinces do the Philippines have: 16
-
The West Philippine Sea is formerly
SOCIAL STUDIES Bullets
known as THE SOUTH CHINA SEA𝐀.
-
The Philippines is an archipelago
consisting of 7, 641 ISLANDS
-
20
2024
Of the 7,641 islands comprising the Leading agricultural export of the

Philippine Archipelago, how many Philippines is COPRA
have names: 3,314 -
- Leading mineral export of the
Mt. Bulusan located on SORSOGON Philippines is COPPER
- -
The man who proposed the Tallest mountain found in the
Archipelago doctrine was ARTURO Philippines is MOUNT APO (DAVAO)
TOLENTINO -
- The famous Chocolate Hills located
What does the archipelago doctrine in BOHOL PROVINCE
state mean: IT STATE THAT ALL -
WATERS, AROUND, BETWEEN, Banaue Rice Terraces found in
CONNECTING DIFFERENT ISLANDS IFUGAO 𝐅𝐔𝐆𝐀𝐎
BELONGING TO THE PHILIPPINES, -
IRRESPECTIVE OF THEIR WIDTH OR It is known as the walled city:
DIMENSION. 𝐈𝐍INTRAMUROS 𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐌𝐔𝐑𝐎𝐒
- -
The man who discovered the Rizal was executed on
Kalayaan Group of Islands was BAGUMBAYAN/ LUNETA / MANILA
THOMAS CLOMA𝐌𝐀 -
- The oldest church in the Philippines
The Philippines located in SOUTH is SAN AGUSTIN CHURCH (MANILA)
EAST ASIA -
- Maria Cristina Falls located in ILIGAN
Sierra Madre. Cordillera and CITY
Caraballo are examples of _ in the -
Philippines: MOUNTAIN RANGES. The longest waterfall in the
- Philippines is ALIWAGWAG FALLS
It is considered the most active (DAVAO ORIENTAL)
volcano in the Philippines because it -
has erupted many times in recorded The biggest wind farm in the
history: MAYON VOLCANO (48 Philippines is BURGOS WIND FARM
MAJOR ERUPTIONS) (ILOCOS NORTE)
- -
Being situated on the Pacific Plate, How many languages do the
the Philippines is prone to Philippines have: 180
EARTHQUAKE𝐇𝐐𝐔𝐀𝐊𝐄𝐒 -
- Longest Highway in the Philippines is
The world: Nile River; The PHILIPPINE ARENA, BULACAN
Philippines: CAGAYAN RIVER (99,000 SQUARE METERS) 𝐂𝐀𝐍
(LONGEST RIVER) -
-
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2024
Largest Arena in the Philippines is - formal/ 90mins or 3 hrs.

the PHILIPPINE ARENA (99,000
SQUARE METERS) BULACAN 8. Workshop - sets expectations With
- the audience will be engaged &
Largest Cemetery in the Philippines involved in training.
is MANILA NORTH CEMETERY 𝐓𝐄𝐑𝐘
-
Largest Lake in the Philippines is POPULAR GEN ED REVIEWER
LAGUNA DE BAY FILIPINO/ENGLISH:
-
Oldest University in the Philippines is MGA TEORYA NG PINAGMULAN
the UNIVERSITY OF STO. TOMAS NG WIKA
(1611) ♥️1. BOW-WOW –kalikasan at hayop
- ♥️2. DING-DONG – bagay
The oldest bamboo organ is LAS ♥️3. POOH-POOH – masidhing
PINAS damdamin
♥️4. YOHEHO – pwersang pisikal
Types of Discussion Procedures
💎FILIPINO POETS AND PEN
1. Panel Forum - discussion among a NAMES
SMALL group of experts or well- ♥️BENVENIDO SANTOS – American
informed laypersons Culture Writings
♥️DANIEL DEFOE – “Robinson
2. Round Table - group-seated, face Crusoen” (novel)
to face / formal but non- expert ♥️EDILBERTO TIEMPO – made “Cry
Slaughter” that has been
3. Debate - discussion with people translated many times
with different beliefs study the same ♥️ERNEST HEMINGWAY – Ring
problem & arrive at different ideas Lardner Jr.
♥️JOSE GARCIA VILLA – “Comma
4. Symposium - more formal/ a Poet”, Dove G. Lion
public speaking program/ ♥️MIGUEL DE
EXPENSIVE CERVANTES/ESCALANDE -
Masterpiece is
5. Buzz Station - noisy inside ♥️“Don Quixote” that is most
classroom influential
♥️NICK JOAQUIN – Quijano de
6. Brain Storming - all ideas are Manila
given equal credence – Spanish Culture Writing
♥️PAZ MARQUEZ BENITEZ – made
7. Seminar - group of people meet “Dead Stars” that is the 1st
to study & discuss meeting modern English short story
22
2024
♥️SAMUEL LANGHORNE CLEMENS – ♥️3. PANLIPUNAN – pagbati,

Mark Twain pagbigay galang atbp.
- “Adventures of Tom Sawyer” ♥️4. SAGOT LAMANG – “Talaga?”,
- “Adventures of Huckleberry Finn” “Oo”
(best novel) ♥️5. SAMBITLA – masidhing
damdamin (Aray!)
♥️6. TEMPORAL – panandaliang
♥️SINTAKS/SINTAKSIS/ kalagayan o panahon
PALAUGNAYAN- sangay ng barirala
na tumatalakay sa masistemang 💎KAYARIAN:
pagkaka-ayus-ayos ng mga salita sa ♥️1. PAYAK – iisang kaisipan
pagbuo ng mga parirala at ♥️2. TAMBALAN – dalawang sugnay
pangungusap. na ‘di makapag-iisa
♥️3. HUGNAYAN – madalas
💎PEN NAMES OF FILIPINO nagsisimula sa kung, dahil sa
PROTAGONISTS ♥️4. LANGKAPAN – mahabang
♥️ANDRES BONIFACIO – May Pag- pangungusap
asa, Agapito
Bagumbayan 💎MGA URI NG KWENTO
♥️ANTONIO LUNA – Taga-Ilog ♥️1. PABULA (fable) – hayop
♥️EMILIO AGUINALDO - Magdalo ♥️2. PARABULA (parable)– Bibliya
♥️EMILIO JACINTO – Di Masilaw, ♥️3. ANEKDOTA (anecdote) – tunay
Tingkian na buhay
♥️GRACIANO LOPEQ JAENA – Diego ♥️4. MITOLOHIYA (myth) – diyos at
Laura diyosa (pinagmulan)
♥️JOSE MA. PANGANIBAN ¬–
JoMaPa 💎ASPEKTO NG PANDIWA (Verb)
♥️JOSE RIZAL – Dimas alang, Laon ♥️1. PERPEKTIBO – tumakbo
laan ♥️2. IMPERPEKTIBO – tumatakbo
♥️JUAN LUNA – Buan ♥️3. KONTEMPLATIBO – tatakbo
♥️MARCELO DEL PILAR – Plaridel,
Dolores Manapat,Piping Dilat 💎KAANTASAN NG PANG-URI
♥️MARIANO PONCE – Tikbalang, (Adjective)
Naning (Satanas),Kalipulako ♥️1. LANTAY – walang
pinaghahambingan
💎MGA URI NG PANGUNGUSAP ♥️2. PAHAMBING ¬– inihahalintulad
WALANG PAKSA: ♥️3. PASUKDOL – nangingibabaw (H:
♥️1. EKSISTENSYAL – mayroong isa o pinakamataas)
higit pang tao
Halimbawa: Mayroon daw puno sa 💎MGA URI NG TULA
bakuran. ♥️1. PATULA (Moro-moro)
♥️2. MODAL – nais/pwede/maari ♥️2. PASALAYSAY (Epiko, Awit,
(Gusto ko matulog.) Korido)
23
2024
♥️6. PAMANGGIT/RELATIVE P. – daw,

💎MGA AWITING BAYAN umano, which, who
♥️1. DALIT/HIMNO – pagsamba sa
anito o pang-relihiyon
♥️2. DIONA – kasal
♥️3. DUNG-AW – patay
(pagdadalamhati)
♥️4. KALUSAN – paggawa 💎MGA AKDANG NA MAY
♥️5. KUMINTANG – tagumpay IMPUWENSYA SA MUNDO
(pandigma) ♥️AKLAT NG MGA ARAW – China (by
♥️6. KUNDIMAN – pag-ibig Confucius)
♥️7. OYAYI – pagpapatulog ng bata ♥️AKLAT NG MGA PATAY – Egypt
♥️8. SOLIRANIN – pagsasagwan cults & myths (by Osiris)
♥️9. TALINDAW – pamamangka ♥️AWIT NI ROLANDO-France (by
Doce Pares, Roncesvalles)
💎PAGBABAGONG MORPONEMIKO ♥️BIBLIYA – Palestino at Greece
♥️1. ASIMILASYON – Parsyal ♥️CANTEBURY TALES – America (by
(pangsukli), Ganap (panukli) Chaucer)
♥️2. MAY ANGKOP – wikain mo – ♥️DIVINE COMEDIA – Italy (by Dante)
“kamo” ♥️EL CID COMPEADOR – katangian at
♥️3. MAYSUDLONG/PAGDARAGDAG history ng Spain
NG PONEMA ♥️ILIAD o ODYSSEY – Myths of
- muntik – muntikan, pagmuntikan, Greece made by Homer.
pagmuntikanan ♥️ISANG LIBO’T ISANG GABI – Ugali
♥️4. METATESIS – linipad – nilipad sa Arabia at Persia
♥️5. PAGKAKALTAS NG PONEMO – ♥️KORAN – Arabia (Muslim Bible)
takipan – takpan ♥️MAHABRATA – India
♥️6. PAGLILIPAT-DIIN – laRUan ♥️UNCLE TOM’S CABIN – about
(playground) - laruAN (toy) slaves that becomes the basis of
♥️7. PAGPAPALIT NG PONEMA – democracy. (by Harriet Beecher
madapat – marapat Stowe of U.S.)
💎MGA URI NG 🏆MGA URI NG PANITIKAN

PANGHALIP/PRONOUNS ♥️1. TULUYAN – binubuo ng mga
♥️1. PANAO/PERSONAL PRONOUN – pangungusap
ako/I etc. A. NOBELA – binubuo ng mga
♥️2. PAMATLIG/DEMONSTRATIVE kabanata
PRONOUN – ito/this etc. B. DULA – pagtatanghal sa entablado
♥️3. PANAKLAW/INDEFINITE P. - isa, MGA DULANG PANLIBANGAN:
all, anyone etc. a. TIBAG – Sta. Elena
♥️4. PATULAD – ganito, ganyan atbp. b. LAGAY – Pilarenos ng Sorsogon
♥️5. PANANONG/INTERROGATIVE P.
– sino, when etc.
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c. PANUNULUYAN – pagtatanghal c. TRAHEDYA – death of main

bago mag-alas dose (12PM) ng gabi character
ng kapaskuhan d. PARSA – mga pangyayaring
d. PANUBOL – parangal sa may nakakatawa
kaarawan e. SAYNETE
e. KARILYO – ala-puppet show -karaniwang pag-uugali ng tao/
f. KURIDO – katapangan, pook
kabayanihan, kababalaghan, C. TULANG PATNIGAN
pananampalataya a. KARAGATAN – alamat ng singsing
g. SARSUELA – musical tungkol sa ng prinsesa na naihulog niya sa
pag-ibig, paghihiganti atbp. dagat sa hangaring mapangasawa
masisidhing damdamin ang kasintahang mahirap.
C. ALAMAT – pinagmulan b. DUPLO – paligsahan ng husay sa
D. ANEKDOTA – ugali, may mabuting pagtula
aral c. BALAGTASAN – pumalit sa Duplo
♥️2. PATULA - may
sukat,pantig,tugma,taludtod,saknong 💎FIGURES OF SPEECH/TAYUTAY
A. TULANG PASALAYSAY - PAG-UUGNAY O
mahahalagang tago o pangyayari sa PAGHAHAMBING:
buhay. ♥️1. SIMILE/PAGTUTULAD –
a. EPIKO – kabayanihan sa mayroong pangatnig
kababalaghan ♥️2. METAPHOR/PAGWAWANGIS –
o BIDASARI, PARANG SABIR – Moro walang pangatnig
o BIAG NI LAM ANG – Iloko ♥️3. ALUSYON – iba’t ibang aspekto
o MARAGTAS, HARAYA, LAGDA AT ng buhay ng tao
HARI SA BUKID – Bisaya ♥️4. METONYMY/PAGPAPALIT-
o KUMINTANG – Tagalog TAWAG
o DAGOY AT SUDSUD – Tagbanua ♥️5. SYNECDOCHE/SINEKDOKE –
o TATUANG - Bagobo pagbanggit ng isa upang tukuyin
b. AWIT o KORIDO - kaharian ang kabuuan
c. TULA NG DAMDAMIN o LIRIKI – Hal: Dalawang bibig ang umaasa kay
own feeling Romeo.
MGA TULANG LIRIKO: PAGLALARAWAN:
o AWITING BAYAN – kalungkutan ♥️6. HYPERBOLE/ PAGMAMALABIS o
o ELEHIYA – yumao EKSAHERASYON
o DALIT – pagpupuri sa Diyos ♥️7. APOSTROPHE/PAGTAWAG –
o PASTORAL – buhay sa bukid pakikipag-usap sa hindi buhay o
o ODA – papuri malayong tao. Hal: Ulan, tumigil ka
B. TULANG DULA O na.
PANGTANGHALAN ♥️8. EXCLAMATION/PAGDARAMDAM
a. KOMEDYA – strong feeling.
b. MELODRAMA – musical ♥️9. PARADOX/PARADOKS -“malayo
ma’y malapit pa rin”
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♥️10. OXYMORON/PAGTATAMBIS - ♥️3. SIZE

paradox w/ extra words ♥️4. AGE
PAGSASALIN NG KATANGIAN: ♥️5. SHAPE
♥️11. ♥️6. COLOR
PERSONIFICATION/PAGSASATAO ♥️7. MATERIAL
PAGSASATUNOG: ♥️8. PURPOSE
♥️12.
ONOMATOPOEIA/PANGHIHIMIG – 💎CLASSIFICATIONS OF POEM
tunog ang paksa ♥️1. BALLAD – narrative, less folk
♥️13. ALLITERATION/PAG-UULIT – tale/legend, to be sung
repetition of 1st letter in the 1st ♥️2. BLACK VERSE – with meter but
word. Ex: Dinggin mo ang Diyos na no rhyme
Dinadakila ♥️3. DRAMATIC MONOLOGUE –
♥️14. REPITASYON – repetition of written in form of speech for
phrase. Ex: Tama! Tama!... individual character.
IBA PANG TAYUTAY NA GAMIT SA ♥️4. ELEGY –death of individual
TULA: ♥️5. EPIC – tells a story about heroic
♥️ALITERASYON – unang titik o figure
pantig ay pare-pareho ♥️6. EULOGY – message for the dead
♥️ANADIPLOSIS – paggamit ng salita ♥️7. FREE VERSE (vers libre) – without
sa unahan at hulihan meter but with rhyme
♥️EPIPORA – pag-uulit ng salita sa
hulihan ♥️8. HAIKU – Japanese poem about
♥️PAG-UYAM – sarcasm nature. 5, 7, 5 (3 lines and 17
♥️LITOTES – pagtanggi o syllables)
pagkukunwari. ♥️9. IDYLL (Idyl) – peaceful, idealized
🔥TALUDTOD – linya sa tula country scene
♥️10. LYRICS - thoughts and feelings
♥️11. NARRATIVE – tells story
💎UNFAMILIAR PARTS OF THE ♥️12. ODE -typically
SPEECH serious/meditative nature, type of
♥️1. PREPOSITIONS-on, under, off, Lyric
by, in near, for, to, since ♥️13. PASTORAL –rural life in
♥️2. CONJUNCTIONS (PANGATNIG) peaceful & romanticized way
- para/for, at/and, nor, or, pero/but, ♥️14. SONNET – Lyric poem consists
yet, so, ni, ngunit of 14 lines
♥️3. INTERJECTION – with ♥️15. TANKA – Japanese poem: 5
exclamation mark lines, 31 syllables
🏆PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTIONS
💎PROPER SEQUENCE OF WORDS ♥️BIAK NA BATO – pact, thought of
IN A SENTENCE 1st Republic.
♥️1. ARTICLES – a, an, the - Spainards paid P200 000
♥️2. OPINION
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♥️1. MALOLOS CONSTITUTION – 5.Roxas

Apolinario Mabini 6.Quirino
- rights of soldiers
- no Visayas yet in right of territories 7.Magsaysay
♥️2. 1935 CONSTITUTION – adapted 8.Garcia
from American Const. 9.Macapagal - 3rd Republic
♥️3. 1943 CONSITUTION - Jose P.
Laurel 10.Marcos - 4rth Republic
- Japan invades but gave freedom 11. Aquino, Corazon,
for Phil. to rule. 12. Ramos,
♥️4. 1937 CONSTITUTION –
13. Estrada,
Ferdinand Marcos
- Martial Law – 60days max 14. Arroyo,
- Nat’l Territory forced Kalayaan grp. 15. Aquino, Noynoy,
of Islands & Saba 16. Duterte - 5th Republic
♥️5. 1987 CONSTITUTION - 18
articles 💎ACTS
- past chairwoman: Cecilla Muñoz ♥️1. ASSOCIATION OF SE ASIAN
Palma (Feb 2, 1987) NATIONS (ASEAN)
- Bill of Rights are for the criminals - Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, Brunei,
♦️JUS SANGUINI – blood Philippines, Singapore, Thailand,
♦️JUS SOLI – place Indonesia, Vietnam, Malaysia
💎SOME TYPES OF GOVERNMENTS ♥️2. BELL TRADE (PHILIPPINE TRADE
♥️1. COMMUNIST – classless society ACT) – bet. Phil. & U.S.
- State plans and controls economy ♥️3. KYOTO PROTOCOL (UNNCC)
♥️2. PARLIAMENTARY – majority of - fight global warming decreasing
people voted green house gases
♥️3. REPUBLICAN – power comes ♥️4. RIO DE JANEIRO CONVENTION
from people - environment and sustainable
development
💎PHILIPPINE PRESIDENTS ♥️5. TEJEROS CONVENTION –
Mnemonics-> election
AgQueLaOsRoQuiMagGarMaMarA - Bonifacio elected as Director
quiRaEsArAquiDut Imperior
♥️6. TREATY ON GENERAL
1.Aguinaldo - 1st President of
RELATIONS
Philippine Republic
- recognition of U.S. to Philippine
2.Quezon - 1st President of freedom
Commonwealth ♥️7. UNDERWORLD-SIMMONS ACT –
3.Laurel - 2nd President of Philippine full free foreign trade
Republic ♥️8. PAYNE ALDRICH ACT – partial
free foreign trade
4.Osmeña - 2nd President of
Commonwealth
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💎MISSIONARIES AND ♥️PHYSIOLOGY – function of tissue,

EXPEDITIONS organ & system
♥️1. AUGUSTINIAN – most intelligent ♥️TAXONOMY – classification of
♥️2. FRANCISCAN – sends medical living organisms
aids
♥️3. JESUITS 💎SCIENCE PROPONENTS
♥️4. DOMINICANS – richest ♥️CAROLUS LINNAEUS – Father of
♥️5. RECOLECTS – most killed schools Taxonomy
♥️ROBERT HOOKE – termed “cells”
💎MARTYR PRIESTS (cellulae)
♥️1. BURGOS – youngest, ♥️ANTON VAN LEUWENHOEK – 1st
mastermind of secularization person to observe microscopic
♥️2. GOMEZ – Oldest, likes “sabong” organisms (animal cule)
and hid there ♥️ROBERT BROWN – discovered
♠️HOMO HABILIS – man of steel Nucleus
(bighead, uses muscle) ♥️MATTHIAS SCHIEDEN (Botanist) &
♠️HOMO ERECTUS – man who ♥️THEODORE (Zoologist)
discovered fire & clothes - found all plants consist of cells
♠️HOMO SAPIENS – thinking man ♥️RUDOLF VIRCHOW – proposed
(can produce materials) cells come fr. existing cells
💎UNFAMILIAR BRANCHES OF 💎EARTH’S SPHERES

BIOLOGY ♥️ATMOSPHERE – gaseous sphere
♥️ANATOMY – inner organs protection from meteors
♥️ENTOMOLOGY – insects Divided into five:
♥️BIOCHEMISTRY – chemical patterns ♠️ Troposphere
of animals ♠️ Stratosphere
♥️ECOLOGY – living things bet. Each ♠️ Mesosphere
other in environment ♠️ Thermosphere
♥️EMBRYOLOGY – developmental ♠️ Exosphere
patterns fr. zygote-birth ♥️HYDROSPHERE – water
♥️GENETICS – heredity MYCOLOGY – ♥️LITHOSPHERE – oceanic and
fungi continental crust
♥️HERPETOLOGY – reptiles and ♥️BIOSPHERE – all life forms in Earth
amphibians ♥️CRYOSPHERE – ice
♥️HISTOLOGY – plant and animal ANTHROSPHERE – ancestors
tissues
♥️MORPHOLOGY – phenotype 💎PLANETS AND THEIR SEQUENCE
(appearance) ♥️1. SUN – 99.86% of Solar System
♥️ORNITHOLOGY – birds - believed was formed 4.6 billion
PARASITOLOGY – parasites years ago
♥️PALEONTOLOGY – fossils of - Responsible for weather and
animals and plants climate
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♥️2. MERCURY – named after Roman 9. Jose P. Rizal- Laon-Laan, Dimas-

God Alang
- no satellite and atmosphere 10. Marcelo H. del Pilar- Pupdoh,
- discovered by Mariner Ten Dolores Manapat, Piping; Dilat,
♥️3. VENUS – Goddess of Love and Plaridel 11. Carolina Flores Trinidad-
Beauty (Mariner 2) Lina Flor
- Perfect sphere, sister planet of 12. Julian C. Balmaceda- Alphahol
Earth o Hulyo, Abril
♥️4. EARTH 13. Andres Bonifacio- Magdiwang,
♥️5. MARS – God of War, red planet Agap-ito Bagumbayan; Kauna-
(Mariner 9) unahang nagsalin sa Tagalog ng Mi
♥️6. JUPITER -Gas Giant, fastest Ultimo Adios
rotating planet (10hrs less) 13. Emilio Jacinto - Pingkian,
- has Great Red Spot: huge storm for Dimas-ilaw
350yrs 14. Emilio Aguinaldo- Magdalo
♥️7. SATURN – God of Agriculture 15. Graciano Lopez Jaena- Bolivar,
(chunks of rocks) Diego Laura
- made mostly of hydrogen 16. Amado V. Hernandez- Julio
♥️8. URANUS – Frederick William Abril, Amante Ernani
Herscel 17. Lope K. Santos- Lakandalita
- Sky & Ice Giant 18. Hermogenes Ilagan- Ka Muhing
Pinakatanyag na dula: “Dalagang
FILIPINO Bukid”
MGA SAGISAG PANULAT NG 19. Mariano Ponce- Tikbalang,
ILANG MANUNULAT Nanding at Kapulaki
-LUMALABAS SA BOARD EXAM- MGA TAGURI SA ILANG

NAMES AND NICKNAMES: MANUNULAT NG PILIPINAS
1. Francisco Baltazar- Balagtas 1. Manuel L. Quezon- Ama ng
2. Jose dela Cruz- Huseng Sisiw Wikang Pambansa
3. Jose Corazon de Jesus- Huseng 2. Lope K. Santos- Ama ng
Batute, Daniel Viterbo, Luksang Pambansang Balarila; Apo ng mga
Paruparo, Anastacio Salagubang, Mananagalog; Obra Maestra:
Pusong Hapis ”Banaag at Sikat”; Nobela:
4. Iñigo Ed Regalado- Odalager, “Salawahang Pag-ibig” - Kauna-
Dapit-hapon unahang nobelang nalathala sa
5. Valeriano H. Peña- Kintin Kulirat Pilipinas
at Tandang Anong; Obra-maestra: 3. Andres Bonifacio- Ama ng
“Nena at Neneng” Katipunan; Ama ng Demokrasyang
6. Florentino Collantes- Kuntil Butil Pilipino
7. Severino Reyes- Lola Basyang, 4. Emilio Aguinaldo- Utak ng
Pedro Penduko, Silvio Ruiz, “Don Katipunan
Binoy” 8. Jesus Balmori-Batikuling
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5. Apolinario Mabini - Utak ng 22. Valeriano H. Peña- Ama ng

Himagsikan Nobelang Tagalog; Obra Maestra –
6. Padre Modesto de Castro- Ama Nena at Neneng
ng Tuluyang Klasika sa Tagalog; 23. Jose Nepomuceno- Ama ng
Urbana at Feliza Pelikulang Pilipino
7. Tomas Pinpin- Kauna-unahang 24. Fernando Monleon-Ama ng
Manlilimbag Batutian
8. Jose Corazon de Jesus- Unang 25. Alejandro Abadilla -Ama ng
Hari ng Balagtasan; Kalipunan ng Modernistang Panulaang Filipino
mga tula – Mga Gintong Dahon at 26. Pascual Poblete -Ama ng
Sa Dakong Silangan Pahayagan sa Pilipinas
9. Severino Reyes- Ama ng Dulaang 27. Gemiliano Pineda-Ama ng
Tagalog; Obra-maestra:”Walang Sanaysay
Sugat”
10. Amado V. Hernandez- Ama ng CLASSIFICATIONS OF POEM
Manggagawa 1. BALLAD – narrative, less folk
11. Julian Felipe- Ama ng tale/legend, to be sung
Pambansang Awit (himig) 2. BLACK VERSE – with meter but
12. Jose Palma- Lumikha ng liriko no rhyme
ng Pambansang awit 3. DRAMATIC MONOLOGUE –
13. Aurelio Tolentino- Unang written in form of speech for
Mandudulang Makabayan; Obra- individual character.
maestra:”Kahapon, Ngayon at Bukas” 4. ELEGY –death of individual
14. Deogracias A. Rosario- Ama ng 5. EPIC – tells a story about heroic
Maikling Kwentong Tagalog; Obra- figure
maestra: ”Walang Panginoon” 6. EULOGY – message for the dead
15. Honorata dela Rama- 7. FREE VERSE (vers libre) –
Hernandez - Reyna ng Kundiman, without meter but with rhyme
Mutya ng Dulaang Tagalog; 8. HAIKU – Japanese poem about
Primadong Tanghalang Pilipino; nature. 5, 7, 5 (3 lines and 17
Reyna ng Sarswelang Tagalog syllables)
16. Francisco Baltazar- Ama ng 9. IDYLL (Idyl) – peaceful, idealized
Panulaang Tagalog country scene
17. Claro Caluya- Prinsipe ng mga 10. LYRICS - thoughts and feelings
Makatang Ilokano 11. NARRATIVE – tells story
18. Edirberto Gumban - Ama ng 12. ODE -typically serious/meditative
Panitikang Bisaya nature, type of Lyric
19. Dr. E. Arsenio Manuel- Ama ng 13. PASTORAL –rural life in peaceful
Foklorikong Filipino & romanticized way
20. Pari Dr. Mariano Pilapil- Cicero 14. SONNET – Lyric poem consists of
ng Wikang Tagalog 14 lines
21. Pedro Bukaneg- Ama ng 15. TANKA – Japanese poem: 5 lines,
Panitikang Ilokano 31 syllables
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W Gary Smith - Adopt eight

📥Math in the Modern World (GE)📥 patterns in his landscape of work
✨Important Bullets✨ such as scattered, fractured, mosaic,
naturalistic drift, serpentine, spiral,
Numbers, Quantities and Shape - radial and dendritic
Mathematics In Our World Leonardo Pisano Bogollo -
Mathematics - Universal way to Fibonacci; son of Bonacci, his father
make sense of the world and to is Guglielmo Bonacci
communicate understanding of Pattern - Constitute a set of
concepts and rules numbers or objects in which all
Spiral, Symmetries, Mosaics, members are related with specific
Stripes and Dots - Natural Patterns rule. Finite/Infinite Pattern
Plato - I would teach children, music, Relation - two sets collection of
physics and philosophy but most of ordered pairs, x and y
all music for the patterns in music Function - Type of relation, x must
Pythagoras - There is geometry in be related to y
humming of strings, there is music in Patterns in Nature - Describe
spacing of spheres symmetry breaking process in order
Empedocles - Fod is a circle wherein to explain and unified way, patterns
the center is everywhere and the of zebra
circumference is nowhere Puzzles in Nature - Mathematics
Joseph Plateau - Examined soap solve in nature, describing changing
films, leading him to formulate the in evolution, planet rotation
concept of a minimal surface Alan Turing - We can only see short
Ernst Haeckel - Painted hundreds of distance but not the path
marine organisms to emphasize their Language - System of words, signs
symmetry and symbols, words and
D'Arcy Thompson - Pioneered the pronounciation, systematic means of
study of growth patterns in both communicating
plants and animals, showing that Mathematical Language - System
simple equations could explain spiral used to communicate mathematical
growth ideas; large components of logic
Alan Turing - predicted mechanisms Modelling and Formulating,
of morphogenesis spots and stripes Transforming and Manipulating,
Aristid Lindenmayer and Benoit Inferring, Communicating - Four
Mandelbrot - Showed the main actions
mathematics of fractals which lead to Non temporal, devoid emotional
plants growth content, precise - Characteristics of
Fractal - Never ending pattern, Mathematical Language
infinitely complex patterns that are Vocabulary Understanding - Major
similar across different scales Contributor to overall
comprehension in many areas
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Mathematical Expressions - consist Subset - Set that is contained with

of terms that separated with plus or another set
minus Improper Set - First set equal the
Mathematical Sentence - combine second set
two mathematical expression using
mathematical operator REPUBLIC ACTS
Comparison Operators - Greater, 9155 -- Governance of basic educ.
less than, equal act of 2001
Relation symbols - Express how two 6728 -- GASTPE
relation are related 7722 -- creating CHED
Open Sentence - mathematical 7784 -- " " of center of excellence
sentence containing one or more 7796 -- creating TESDA
variables 6655 -- Free public secondary act of
Closed Sentence - no variable, 1988
either true or false 4090 -- creating a state scholarship
Context - refers to particular topic council to intergrate, systematize,
Convention - technique used by administer and implement all
mathematicians program scholarships and
Greek and Latin - used for symbol appropriating funds.
representation 5447 -- creation of a special educ.
Set - Well defined collection of fund act enacted in 1968
objects organization and extension of
Elements - Objects in a set classes adding classroom to remote
Roster/Tabular - Listed or areas,barrios and provincial schools
enumerated elements 6139 -- regulated the secretarian
Rule/Descriptive - Common schools/ private school in charging
characteristics are defined higher tuition fee
Empty/Null/Void Set - Has no 7687 -- science and technology
element scholarship act of 1994
Finite Set - Has a countable number 7743 -- establishment of city and
of elements municipal libraries.
Infinite Set - Set of unlimited 8292 -- higher educ. modernization
numbers act of 1997
Universal Set - Total elements of 6850 -- an act to grant Civil Service
the set eligibility under certain conditions to
Equal Set - Same elements Gov. employees appointed under
Equivalent Sets - Contain same provisionap or temporary status who
number of elements rendered 7 years of efficient service
Joint Sets - Atleast one common 8545 -- amending RA 7628
element Expanded GASTPE Act
Disjoint Sets - Sets that do not have 8525 -- Adopt a school program
common elements 8491 -- Flag and Heraldic code of
the Ph.
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7797 -- lengthen the school prog. to

200 days and not more than 220 COMPOSITION
days The organization, design or
8190 -- act of granting priority to placement of the individual elements
residents of the brgy. where school is in a work of art. The aim is to achieve
located in the appointment and balance and proportionality. Usually
assignment of school. applied to two-dimensional art.
6972 -- act of stablishing DAY CARE
CENTER FOR EVERY BRGY. CONCEPTUAL ART
7624 -- integrating of drug An art form in which the underlying
prevention and control in the idea or concept and the process by
intermediate & secondary curricula which it is achieved are more
and indigeneous learning system important than any tangible product.
7743 -- act providing libraries and
reading centers throughout the Ph. CONSTRUCTION
7877 -- anti-sexual harassment act of An art work that is actually
1995 assembled or built on the premises
9163 -- NSTP of 2001 where it is to be shown. Many
6193 -- regulation of tuition fees of constructions are meant to be
private educ. institution temporary and are disassembled
10627 -- anti-bullyinh act of 2013 after the exhibition is over.
10533 -- enhance basic educ. act of
2013 (K-12 PROGRAM) CONTE
Initially it was a trade name for a
GENERAL EDUCATION: ARTS brand of French crayons made from
APPRECIATION a unique compound of pigments
with a chalk binder. Conte crayons
COLOR WHEEL are free from grease, making them
A circular grid that represents the acceptable for lithographic drawing.
colors based on color theory. This
grid clearly shows the relationships CONTEMPORARY ART
colors have with each other Generally defined as art that has
(complimentary, opposite, etc.). been produced since the second half
of the twentieth century.
COMPLIMENTARY COLORS
Hues directly opposite one another CONTENT
on the color wheel and therefore The message conveyed by a work of
assumed to be as different from one art - its subject matter and whatever
another as possible. When placed the artist hopes to convey by that
side by side, complementary colors subject matter.
are intensified; when mixed together,
they produce a neutral (or gray) CONTOUR
color.
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A line that creates a boundary and the colors are deliberately

separating an area of space or object restricted to a range of neutrals
from the space around it. CURVILINEAR
Stressing the use of curved lines as
CONTRAPPOSTO opposed to rectilinear which stresses
Literally, “counterpoise.” A method straight lines.
of portraying the human figure, ABSTRACT
especially in sculpture, often Not realistic, though the intention is
achieved by placing the weight on often based on an actual subject,
one foot and turning the shoulder so place, or feeling. Pure abstraction
the figure appears relaxed and can be interpreted as any art in
mobile. The result is often a graceful which the depiction of real objects
S-curve. has been entirely discarded and
CONVERGING whose aesthetic content is expressed
Lines that go towards the same in a formal pattern or structure of
point. shapes, lines and colors. When the
COOL COLORS representation of real objects is
Those that suggest a sense of completely absent, such art may be
coolness. Blue , Green , Violet called non-objective.
CRAFTSMANSHIP ABSTRACT EXPRESSIONISM
Aptitude, skill, and manual dexterity 1940's New York painting movement
in the use of tools and materials. based on Abstract Art. This type of
CROSS-HATCHING painting is often referred to as action
An area of closely spaced lines painting.
intersecting one another, used to ACCENT
create a sense of three- Emphasis given to certain elements
dimensionality on a flat surface, in a painting which makes them
especially in drawing and attract more attention. Details that
printmaking. See also hatching, define an object or piece of art.
stippling.
CUBISM ACRYLIC
A style of art pioneered in the early A rapid drying paint which is easy to
20th century by Pablo Picasso and remove with mineral spirits; a plastic
Georges Braque. In the most substance commonly used as a
developed form of Cubism, forms binder for paints.
are fragmented into planes or
geometric facets, like the facets in a ACTION PAINTING
diamond; these planes are Any painting style calling for
rearranged to foster a pictorial, but vigorous physical activity;
not naturalistic, reality; forms may be specifically, Abstract Expressionism.
viewed simultaneously from several Examples include the New York
vantage points; figure and School art movement and the work
background have equal importance; of Jackson Pollock.
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AERIAL PERSPECTIVE 16.Basketball Offensive team in

Capturing the earth’s atmosphere by restricted area- 3Seconds
using painting techniques that make 17. dance as an art form -
distant objects appear to have less Interdisciplinary approach
color, texture, and distinction. 18 Image made of small regular or
irregular pieces of glass or ceramic-
Mosaic
19. Graffiti - wall/spray paint
20. Spike - Tossing
21. Yellow & Red - Orange
22. Gymnastic - Balance
GENERAL EDUCATION 23. Muscular Endurance -
EDIT THIS ONCE MAY RECALL 24. Vertical - Strength
Example: Restricted area : 3 25. Horizontal - Calmness
seconds violation (something na sa 26. Dynamics - Loud & Soft
tingin nyo connected at naalala nyo) 27. Decibels -85
28. Freestyle
1. Burung Talo -Tausug Martial Arts. 29. Pimples - oil
2. Father of Filipino Komiks - Antonio 30. Most competitive indoor sports-
Velasquez Chess
3. Mono choromatic-use single color 31. First mentor of Amorsolo- Fabian
4. Skeleton : As a lever Dela Rosa
5. High School Musical : Pop 32. Botong Francisco
6. Art of passing the ball : Toss 33. Sakuting- stick
7. Tas yung virus 2019-2020 : Covid 34. Athlete- Protein
8. National Anthem - Love for the 35. cough and cold- Vitamin C
Country 36. Sound mind and a sound body
9. Claude Monet Water Lilies - 37. Center (tallest)
Impressionistic 38. Sore eyes- it is contagious
10. Juan Luna "Spoliarium"- Glimpse 39. Aerobics- 30 minutes 3-4 times a
of roman history on the bloody week
carnage brought by gladiatorial 40. Weight machine- not a cardio
matches 41. Machinery
11. Unang bola na ginamit sa 42. Wide Hipped
basketball - Soccer Ball 43. Safety Patrol
12. T'nalak - T'boli 44. They get stronger
13. Ethnic Group who throw new 45. Angklung- two bamboo tubes
born babies in the sea - Maranaos attached to a bamboo frame
14. Basketball origin on which 46. Yellow- Sunshine
country- United States 47. HIV- Genetically from parent to
15. Both arms underwater / leg child
kicking - Dog Paddle 48. double dribble - two hands
49. umpire - strike
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50. ace serve - point 54. Lapay Bantigue- Seagulls

51. Let- badminton 55. Basketball- USA
52. Dance and gymnastic- balance
53. Without accompaniment-
monophonic
NEW CURRICULUM
PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION BULLETS
PART 1:
1.The most reliable measure of central tendency when there are extreme
scores
●Median
2. Iah's score from her LET are the following: 92, 88, 91. What is the median?
●91
3. What can be inferred from a low standard deviation?
●Scores are homogeneous
4. A high negative discrimination index means that:
●More from the bottom group answered the test question correctly
5. When a student scored P80 on a single test, that means:
●He scored higher than 80 percent of the class
6. Which of the following is an accurate depiction of an authentic assessment?
●Performing first-aid measures to scald burns
7. Which of the following is a characteristics of a norm-referenced testing?
●The performance depends on the scores of his batch mates
8. Which of the following is a correct statement about validity and reliability?
●A valid test is always reliable
9. Which of the following is a characteristics of a norm-referenced testing?
●The performance depends on the scores of his batch mates
10. A difficulty index of .92 means that the item is:
●Very easy
11. Which of the following is an accurate depiction of an authentic
assessment?
●Performing first-aid measures to scald burns
12. Which of the following is an example of a formative test?
●Quiz
13. Which of the following types of tests is most vulnerable to biases? ●Essays
14. A leptokurtic distribution signifies that:
●All scores are average
15. If a distribution is skewed to the right, this implies that:
●The scores are very low
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16. Which of the following is the best method to imcrease the reliablity of a
test material?
●Increase the number of items
17. This thinking strategy refers to narrowing down ideas from big concept to
smaller ones? ●Convergent Thinking
18. This refers to the collection of works, artifacts, and pieces of a student and
may serve as a basis for assessment:
●Portfolio
19. Which of the following does Not describe a holistic rubric in scoring ●It
uses at least 3 or more basis
20. Which of the following types of tests is most vulnerable to biases? ●Essays
21. Withitness means:
●That the teacher knows everything that happens around the four corner of
the classroom
22. When a teacher jumps from one topic to another without assessing of the
students are ready to absorb the instructions, this practice depicts: ●Thrust
23. What can be inferred from a low standard deviation?
●Scores are homogeneous
24. If a distribution is skewed to the right, this implies that:
●The scores are very low
25. When a teacher is able to perform multiple, different activities at the same,
this shows: ●Overlapping
26. Which is an incorrect practice in test construction?
●When using numbers as options, arrange them in a descending order
27. Under the new version of Bloom's Taxonomy of cognitive processes, which
of the following belongs to the top level? ●Generating
28. Which is the basic form of cognitive process according to Bloom's?
●Knowledge
29. Which of the following forms of punishment is least likely to affect
students negatively?
●Surprise quiz
30. The following are examples of extrinsic motivation, except? ●Community
service
31. This is also known as the Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013
●K-12
32.Subject matter, Activities, Evaluation, Assignment, Sequence of a lesson
plan
●Determine the objectives
33.A student makes the teachers and his classmates busy and asks everyone
to give him special attention. What is the student's hidden message?
●The students wants to feel connected
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34.Which of the following serves as a pre-requisite to employment and will

ensure that only competent teachers will be granted privilege to teach to
schools?
●Licensure and registration
35. Which of the following correctly describes inductive reasoning? ●Arriving
to a main idea demo smaller topics
36. Which of the following laws prescribed licensure examination for teachers
and will strengthen the regulation of the practice of teaching in the
Philippines?
●RA 7836
37. Which of the following will disqualify a teacher to become a member of
the board of professional teachers?
●A naturalized Filipino citizen that has 15 years of continuous teaching
experience
38. Which of the following shall receive the highest budgetary allocation
according to the Philippine Constitution?
●Education
According to the law, she can be referred to as a para-teacher. Which of the
following is not correct about para-teachers?
●These teacher failed to reach the minimum GWA of 75 but have grades
below 75 Kylie scored 74.80 from the recent LET.
40. Which of the following is most likely be related to existentialism? ●Free
choice
41. Which of the following is NOT true about periodic merit examination for
teachers according to RA 7836?
●This shall encourage continuing personal growth and development
42. While teaching Mathematics, Teacher Janus noticed that his students show
interests on dancing. He then decides to change the topic and teaches
concept about dancing and shows to them dance performances from the
internet. What philosophy of education is shown?
●Progressivism
43. If a teacher wishes to enjoy study leave, she will get how many percent of
her salary while on study leave? ●60%
44. What is the focus of education during the Commonwealth Period?
●Nationalism
45. Which of the following is the focus of Spartan Education? ●Military
training
46. Teacher Vanessa receives a death threat because she gave her student a
failing grade. She knows that passing the student will make her less credible
as a teacher but will save herself from being harmed. She then decided to pass
the student to avoid danger. Which of the following is observed by Teacher
Vanessa? ●Principle of Double Effect
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47. Which of the following actions of a teacher violated the Code of Ethics for
Professional Teachers?
●Having practice prejudice and eliminating discrimination against any learner
48. This type of conscience makes the person see that he sins but actually
he/she does not. ●Scrupulous
49. K-12 curriculum is what type of subject-centered curriculum?
●Spiral
50. Which is the closest to the real thing?
●Performing real life task
51. Which of the following helps the learner to retain information best?
●Doing
52. A globe is an example of a ●Model
53. Which of the four pillars of learning focuses on the competencies of a
certain individual on a particular skill?
●Learning to do
54. Which of the following involves inactive representations according to
Bruner?
●Action-based
55. Which does not show acculturation?
●Learning from your American parents their traditions
56. A Venn Diagram is most likely to be used when:
●Discussing the similarities and differences of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
57. Teacher Iah wants to show her students the percentage of Math major,
science major, social science major, English major and tle major based on the
whole population of BSED students in the school where she teaches. Which of
the following types of graph should she use? ●Circle graph
58. Which of the following traits of Filipino can be considered both a negative
and a positive trait?
●Pakikisama mentality
59. he ability of a child to realize that 1 liter of bottled water has the same
quantity even if the water will be placed on a plastic pitcher or a pale is called:
●Conservation
60. Ana is a 13 year old high school student who thinks that death penalty
should be implemented in her own countries as she believes that there are
other ways to punish oppressors and teach them to be better citizens. She
should be under what stage of Piaget's theory? ●Formal operational
61. Lawrence Kohlberg focuses more on which of the following aspects of
child development?
●Morality
62. Which does not show acculturation?
●Learning from your American parents their traditions
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63. A toddler wishes to go the restroom alone and wishes to care for himself if
not treated properly will have develop or lead to which of the following
psychosocial stages based on Erikson's model?
●Doubt
64. This is known as a girl's psychosexual competition with her mother for the
possession of her father.
●Electra Complex
65. The parts of human personality in which instinct and primary processes
manifest:
●Id
66. Which of the following shall receive the highest priority according to
Abraham Maslow's model on ●Warmth humanistic needs?
67. In Grace Goodell's Reading Skills Ladder, which of the following takes
precedence?
●Basic sight words
68. Which of the following is not true about Language Acquisition among
children?
●Chomsky explains in his model thay children acquired language solely
through exposure.
69. This model shows reading as an active process that depends on reader
characteristics, the text, and ●Interactive the reading situation
70. A child who has spatial intelligence will most likely enjoy which of the
following activities? ●Solving puzzles
71. It is the average, most commonly used and in greatly affected by extreme
scores
●Mean
72. Who is the proponent of respondent conditioning?
●Ivan Pavlov
73. It is the middlemost of measures of central tendency and most reliable
when there is extreme scores ●Median
74. Which of the following teacher most likely demonstrates Bandura's work in
teaching?
●She shows the student how a dance should be performed.
75. It is the most frequently used measures of central tendency
●Mode
76. Which of the following refers to the law of effect by Thorndike?
●If the end result will be beneficial to the student he/she will probably
perdorm well
77. It is the highest score minus the lowest score and is the simplest of
measures of variability
●Range
78. ZPD is concept popularized by: ●Vygotsky
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79. It is how spread the scores are from the mean and most reliable measures
of variability
●Standard Deviation
79. It is the square of standard deviation ●Variance
80. Very easy/reject
●0.81-1.00
81. Very difficult/reject
●0-0.20
82. Easiness
●Difficulty index
83. Differentiate Upper group to lower group
●Discrimination index
84. Difficult/revise
●0.21-0.40
85. More from upper group/retain ●Positive Discrimination index
86.Moderate/retain
●0.41-0.60
87. Easy/revise
●0.61-0.80
88. More from lower group/reject ●Negative discrimination index
89. Cannot determine/reject
●Zero discrimination index
90. Measures what it intends to measure
●Validity
91. Consistency
●Reliability
92. Standard, criteria, specific target ●Criterion referenced
91. Others, class, batch mates
●Norm referenced
92. Scattered, far from the mean, heterogeneous
●High standard deviation
93. Pen and paper, multiple choice, cognitive
●Traditional assessment
94. Divide by 9. Median is S5 ●Stanines
95. Clustered, near from the mean, homogeneous
●Low standard deviation
96. Real-life application, holistic ●Authentic Assessment
97. Peakedness
●Kurtosis
98. Before instruction, strengths and weaknesses
●Diagnostic
99. Divide by 100. Median is P50 ●Percentile
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100. Normal curve, bell-shaped, most scores-average, few scores are high and
low
●Mesokurtic
101. Taller, more peaked, almost if not all scores are average ●Leptokurtic
102. Divide by 10. Median is D5 ●Decile
103. During instruction progress, gaps, quizzes
●Formative
104. Flat curve, scores are heterogenous
●Platykurtic
105. Divide by 4. Median is Q2 ●Quartile
106. After instruction, evaluative learning
●Summative
107. Not biased, multiple choice, matching type, wide level of objectives,
guessing
●Objective
108. Guide for scoring
●Rubrics
109. Biased, essay, wide sampling of ideas, bluffing
●Subjective
110. Single basis
●Holistic
111. Memorization
Knowledge
112. Multiple basis
●Analytical
113. Understanding ●Comprehension
114. Use
●Application
115. Classroom Management Model ●Kounin
116. Breaking down
●Analysis
117. Eyes at the back
●Withitness
118. Synthesis
●Putting together
119. Multi-tasking
●Overlapping
120. Jumping from previous topic to new topic and vice versa
●Flip-flop
121. Judgment
●Evaluation
122. Narrowing
●Convergent thinking
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123. Not able to return

●Truncation
124. The students are not ready ●Thrust
125.Widening
●Divergent thinking
126. Increase a response ●Reinforcement
127.Weakens a response ●Punishment
128. General to specific
●Deductive reasoning
129. Outside
●Acculturation
130. Specific to general
●Inductive reasoning
131. Inside
●Enculturation
132. External, shallow, money ●Extrinsic motivation
133. Cognitive development
●Piaget
134. Internal, noble, social work ●Intrinsic motivation
135. Senses and motor (0-2) ●Sensorimotor
136. Hidden message: notice me
Requires special treatment
Keeps others busy
●Attention seeking
137. Egocentric, children tend to see only their point of view(2-7)
●Pre-operational
138. Hidden message: i am hurting
Get even Violent
●Revenge seeking
138. (7-12)
●Concrete operational
140. 12-above
Abstract reasoning
●Formal operational
141. Hidden message: i want to help
Gets bossy
●Power seeking
142. Classical conditioning or respondent conditioning
●Pavlov
143. Hidden message: show me how
Refuses to participate ●Isolation/Withdrawal
143. Operant conditioning
●Skinner
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144. Back to basics

●Essentialism
146. Social learning theory
Modelling, Imitation
●Albert Bandura
147.Traditional
●Perennialism
148. Trust vs. Mistrust
●Infant
149. Free choice
●Existentialism
150. Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt ●Toddler
151. Change
●Progressivism
152. Initiative vs. Guilt
●Preschool
153. Social change
●Social Reconstructionism
154. Industry vs. Inferiority
●School age
155. Practical use
●Pragmatism
156. Identity vs. Role confusion ●Adolescence
157. Labor/vocational training ●Japanese
158. Values, beliefs, affective, attitude
●Idealism
159. 2 options but each has both positive and negative effect
●Double effect
160. Senses
●Empiricism
161. 2 negative options but the other one is less evil
●Lesser evil
162. Intimacy vs. Isolation
●Young adult
163. With knowledge and intention ●Formal cooperation
164. Without knowledge and intention
●Material cooperation
165. Create new knowledge ●Constructivism
166.Pleasure
●Hedonism
167. Generativity vs. Stagnation ●Middle adult
168. More people will benefit ●Utilitarianism
169. Environment
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●Behaviorism
170. Sure
●Certain
171. Ego integrity vs. Despair
●Late adult
172. Unsure
●Doubtful
173. Survival
●Pre-spanish
174. Hypocrite
●Pharisaical
175. Mouth
●Oral
176. Religion
●Spanish
177. Insensitive
●Callous
178. Thinks shes right but shes not ●Lax
179.Anus
●Anal
180. Thinks shes wrong but shes not ●Scrupulous
181. Nationalism
●Commonwealth
182. Sex organs
●Phallic
183. 10%
●Read
184. 20%
●Hear
185. Free basic education
●American
186. None
●Latency
187. 30%
●See
188. 50%
●Hear and see
189. Sex organs through opposite sex ●Genital
190. Reader to book
●Top down
191. 70%
●Say and write
192. Book to reader
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●Bottom up
193. 90%
●Do
194. Action
●Enactive
195. Active process
●Interactive
196. Images
●Iconic
197. Language
●Symbolic
198. Trend or progress

●Line graph
199. Comparison
●Bar graph
200. Percentage
●Circle or pie graph
201. A process by which a conditioned response is lost. ●Extinction
NCBTS -National Competency based teacher standards
CULTURAL VIEWS
1. Ethnocentrism – my culture is better

2. Xenocentrism – your culture is better
THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES OF CURRICULUM
• Traditional – cultural heritage

• Experiential – experience for the growth of individual
• Structure of discipline – structure of discipline of knowledge
• Behavioral -
• Constructivist
SCHOOL - a privileged place where cultural transmission occurs
COLONIAL MENTALITY - preference for foreign
CURRICULUM ENGINEERING - comprises all process and activities that are
necessary to keep the school curriculum dynamic and functional
CURRICULUM PERSPECTIVES
1. Ideal – represents what scholars say and advocate
2. Formal – standards sets by the education agencies
3. Instructional – represents the course syllabus / lecture notes used by the
teachers
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4. Operational – represents the actual teaching learning process

5. Experiential – more powerful / what the students think about the lesson
delivered by the teachers
6. Hidden – students learned experiences outside the classroom
TRIARCHIC THEORY OF INTELLIGENCE - Robert Sternberg
ASSURE MODEL
• analyses learners
• state objectives
• select media and materials
• utilize media and materials
• require learner participation
SMITH AND NAGEL PPPF

• prepare yourself
• prepare your student
• present material
• follow up
CURRICULUM IMPLEMENTATION - process of ensuring that the curriculum

that has been planned or developed is one being actually implemented or
taught by the teacher
CURRICULUM EVALUATION - process of determining the EFFECTIVENESS of
a curriculum and the EFFICIENCY with which it is implemented
INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN
• used to create curricula
• individual learning areas
• instructional materials
CURRICULUM DESIGN -determining the building blocks of curriculum

• LEARNING CONTENT
• LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• LEARNING EXPERIENCES
• LEARNING EVALUATION
DESIGN BACKWARD and DELIVER FORWARD –
• learning outcomes and course outcomes
• program outcomes
• institutional outcomes
Professional Education Intensive LET Reviewer✨
PART 2: KOUNIN'S MGT MODEL (1970)
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Stimulus boundedness -- teacher's attention interrupted by Extrateneous

stimulus
Thrust -- teacher interrupts students engaged in activities w/o considering
whether the student is ready or not.
Dangels -- teacher interrupts activity of student and return to it again.
Truncations -- teacher does not return to current act. after being interrupted.
Overdwelling -- teacher focuses on a certain topic that will lead to too much
time consumption, the lesson will slow down.
Fragmentation -- chunks of lesson for students to understand his/her lesson
effectively or breaking down of act. to cause too much time.
Flip Flop -- teacher changes its activity from current activity to new one and
vice versa
whenever he/she changes his/he
PROF ED. THEORIES AND THEIR PROPONENTS

Wilhelm Woundt = german psycologist "founder of modern psychology.
Titchener = structuralism psychology
William James, G. Stanley Hall, James M. Cattell.... these three promote
"functionalism psychology
Charles darwin = theories to mental characteristics as human think, feel &
behave(" evolutionary psychology")
Herman Ebbinghaus = associationism psychology
Edwin Guthrie = (stimulus and response ) :; temporal contiguity
Edward Lee Thorndike = "satisfaction" "the law of effect"
Ivan Pavlov = involuntary behavior
Max Wertheimer = gestalt psychology
Otto Loewi = discovered "acetylchloline" respobsible in stimulation of
muscles
Ulf von Euler discovered "norepinephrine" bringing our nervous system into
"high alert"
Arvid Carlsson discovered "dopamine" the reward mechanisms in the brain
Jean Piaget -- cognitive dev't , info processing , dynamic interrelation.
Sigmund Freud -- psychosexual , psychoanalytic
Erik Erickson -- psychosocial
Lawrence Kohlberg -- moral dev't,
Burrhus Frederic Skinner -- operant cond.
Ivan Pavlov -- classical cond.
Edward Lee Thorndike-connectionism
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Albert Bandura -- social learning, neo - behaviorism

Robert Gagne -- sequence of instruction
Abraham Maslow -- hierarchy of needs , motivation theory
William Kohler -- insight learning
Robert Havighurst -- devt task theory
Benjamin Bloom -- bloom's cognitive taxonomy
Simpsons / Anita Harrow -- psychomotor domain
David Krathwohl -- affective domain
Jerome Bruner -- constructivist, spiral curr, instrumental conceptualism
Lev Vygotsky -- socio-cultural theory of cognitive dev’t , linguistic theory,
Scaffolding
Edgar Dale -- cone of exp. (20% remember)
Kohler,Koffka, Weirtheimer -- gestalt psychology
John Locke -- tabula rasa , empiricism
Howard Gardner -- multiple int.
Noam Chomsky -- language acquisition theory , Fr. of linguistic, nativism
David Ausubel -- meaningful learning, graphic organizer, assumption
Charles Cooley -- looking glass self theory
John Flavel -- metacognition
Sandra Bem -- gender schema theory
Elliot Turriel -- social domain theory
Robert Sternberg -- triachic theory of intelligence
Johm Watson -- behaviorial theory
Maria Montessori -- transfer of learning, kinder garten preparation of

children.
Edward Tolman -- purposive behaviorism and goal oriented
Edward Torrance -- creative problem solving
Bernard Weiner -- attribution theory
Daniel Goleman/coleman? -- emotional intelligence
Wolfgang Ratke -- used vernacular for approaching the class.
Mencius -- idealistic wing of confucianism
Hzun Tzu -- realistic wing of confusianism
Taoism -- lao tzu
Herbart Spencer -- moral dev’t.
Pestallozi -- symmetrical and harmonious dev’t of child
John Jacques Rosseau -- nature of child
Arnold Gesell - maturation theory
John Dewey - Learning by doing
David Froebel - Father of kinder garten
John Bowly - Attainment Theory
Edward Boro - Six Thinking Hats Theory
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Auguste Comte - Father of Sociology

Carlos Linnaeus - Father of modern taxonomy.
John Amos Comencius - Fr. of modern education.
Erasmus Desiderius - Fr. of humanism/ social humanism
William Kilpatrick - Project method
PART 3:
IDEALISM -- plato
REALIAM -- aristotle
EMPIRICISM -- locke
PRAGMATISM -- dewey
EXISTENTIALISM -- hegel
PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS -- moore
ESSENTIALISM -- bagley
PERENNIALISM -- hutchins
PROGRESSIVISM -- dewey
RECONSTRUCTIONALISM -- brameld
BEHAVIORISM -- skinner or watson
STRUCTURALISM -- helmholts or wundt?
FUNCTIONALISM -- james,nugell, or carr?
PURPOSIVISM -- hormi
PROF. ED -ISM
NATURALISM -- only nature exist, nature is better than civilization
(NATURALESA ng isang BAGAY)
IDEALISM -- spiritual, values, moral, socratic method
REALISM -- natural world, values arenatural and absolute, reality exist
undercieved
PRAGMATISM/EXPERIMENTALISM -- practical, problem solving research,
knowledge is what works, values are related, truth is warranted assertion.
ESSENTIALISM -- 3r's (4r's ngayon), achievement test, certain knowledge &
skills are essential for rational being.
PROGRESSIVISM -- process of development, higher level of knowledge, the
child's need and interest are relevant to curriculum.
EXISTENTIALISM -- knowledge is subjective, man shapes his being as he
lives, we are what we do, deciding precedes knowing.
PERENNIALISM -- education that last for century, universalist, knowledge is
eternally valid.
SOCIAL RECONSTRUCTIVISM -- for better society, community based
learning
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RECONSTRUCTUONALISM -- the school should help rebuild the social order

thus social change.
BEHAVIORISM -- learning is change in behavior, S-R relationship
EMPIRICISM -- knowledge comes thru senses, 5 senses (observatory learning)
STRUCTURALISM -- complex mental exp. such as image,feeling and
sensation
FUNCTIONALISM -- focus to motivation, thinking & learning.
PURPOSIVISM -- individual hormones are responsible for the motive to strive
towards fulfillment of his/her objective.
PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS -- reality is what verifiable, truth correspondes to
reality, usage determines meaning
STAGES OF LEARNING
1. Acquisition - learning new skill
2. Fluency -practice for mastery of skill
3. Generalization - across time & situation / variety of setting
4. Adaptation - Use for problem solving
5. Maintenance -Performance over time
BLOOM’S COGNITIVE DOMAIN𝗜𝗡

Blooms Taxonomy
Remember - recall facts & basic concepts define, duplicate, list,
memorize,state
Understand - Explain ideas or concepts Classify, describe, discuss, explain,
locate, recognize
Apply - Use of information in new situation execute, implement, solve, use,
demonstrate, interpret, operate
Analyze -Draw connection among ideas differentiate, organize, relate,
compare, contrast, distinguish, examine, expirement, question, test
Evaluate - Justify a stand or decision
appraise, argue, defend, judge, select,
support, value, critique, weigh
Create -Produce new or original work Design, assemble, construct,
conjecture, develop, formulate, author,investigate
ANDERSON TAXONOMY 𝗢𝗠𝗬

Remembering - recalling
Understanding - making sense of the material you have learned
Applying -Use knowledge gained in nee ways
Analyzing -Breaking the concept into parts
Evaluating -Making judgement
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Creating - Putting iNformation together in an innovative way.

Enculturation -- learning culture from one's group.
Acculturation -- process of learning some new traits from other culture.
Assimilation -- changing of current culture by means of adopting other.
Amalgamation -- adopt your beliefs, socialities of your
partners/group/friends.
Immersion -- complete involvement.
Gemeinshaft -- community shared experiences, instead of individual
(collectivism)
Geselleshaft -- needs of individual instead of group (individualism)
Authoritarian -- make demands on weild manner power but lack of warmth.
Authoritative -- establish restriction and explain with what is the reason why.
🔹Types of Social Mobility 🔹

1. Horizontal- movement of a person from one social position to another of
the same rank
2. Vertical - movement of a person from one social to another of different
rank
3. Intergenerational - involves changes in the social position of children
relative to their parents
4. Intragenerational - involves change in person's social position within
her/his adult life
SOCIAL INEQUALITY
- a condition in which members of the society have different amounts of
wealth, prestige and power
STATUS
- positioned assigned by a person in a group
🔹(Characteristics of Culture)🔹
1. Transferable
2. Shared
3. Adaptive
4. Continuous
5. Learned
6. Universal
7. Dynamic
8. Symbolic
9. Borrowed
CHANGE - adjustment of persons or group to achieve relative harmony
🔹(Forms of Change)🔹
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▪️1. Cultural Change - refers to all alteration affection new trait or trait
complexes to change
▪️2. Technological Change - revision that occurs in man's application of his
technicak knowlegde and skills as he adopts himself to environment
▪️3. Social Change - refers to the variation or modification in the patterns of
sociak organizations, of such groups withib a society or the entire society
SOCIOLOGY
- study of patterns of human behavior
SOCIETY
- group of organized individuals
GROUPS
- unit of interacting personalities
SOCIALIZATION
- refers to the adapting or conforming to the common needs and interests of
a social group
SOCIAL PROCESS
- patterened and recurrent form of competition, conflict, cooperation,
accommodation, assimilation and acculturation
SOCIAL STRATIFICATION
-classification of people based on their socio-economic strata
SOCIAL STABILITY
-refers to movement of individuals/groups from one position of a society's
stratification to another
7 TYPES OF POWERS IN THE WORKPLACE

1. Legitimate Power is where a person in a higher position has control over
people in a lower position in an organization.
Example: Principal - Teacher - Students Relationship
2. Coercive Power is where a person leads threats and force. It is unlikely to

win respect and loyalty from employees for long.
Example: The teacher forces his students to do their homework or else he will
give them low grades.
3. Expert Power is the perception that one possesses superior skills or

knowledge.
Example: The teacher showed his students that he has a mastery of the
subject matter and he knows a lot about it. The students will feel that their
teacher is an expert on that particular lesson.
4. Informational Power is where a person possesses needed or wanted

information. This is a short-term power that doesn't necessarily influence or
build credibility.
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Example: There's an electrical problem in the school and it needs a quick fix.
Teacher B knows something about electrical wiring. He is now possessing
Informational Power because he can use that particular information in that
situation. However, that information is only applicable at that moment only.
5. Reward Power is when a person motivates others by offering raises,

promotions, and awards.
Example: Teacher C is giving chocolates to the pupil who participates in the
class.
6. Connection Power is where a person attains influence by gaining favor or

simply acquaintance with a powerful person. This power is all about
networking.
Example: The new applicant was easily hired because the principal is his
uncle.
7. Referent Power is the ability to convey a sense of personal acceptance or

approval. It is held by people with charisma, integrity, and other positive
qualities. It is the most valuable type of power.
Example: Teacher D maintains his role as a positive role model to his
students. His students idolized him more because of his influence.
● Sociohistoric Cognitive Linguistic Theory - Lev Semanovich Vygotsky

● Cognitive Development - Jean Piaget; John Dewey; Jerome Brunner
● Phenomenology - Abraham Maslow; Carl Rogers; Louis Raths
● Behaviorism - Edward Thorndike; Ivan Pavlov; Burrhus Frederick Skinner
● Moral Development - Lawrence Kohlberg
● Ivan Pavlov - classical conditioning
● Edward Thorndike - connectionism
● B.F. Skinner - operant conditioning & reinforcement
● Albert Bandura - "bobo doll" experiment; modelling; self eficacy
● David Ausubel - Meaningful Reception Theory
● Jerome Bruner - Discovery Learning Theory/Inquiry method
● Wolfgang Kohler's - Insight Learning Problem
● Richard Atkinson & Richard Shiffrin's - Information Processing Theory
● Robert Gagne's - Cumulative Learning Theory
● Howard Gardner - Multiple Intelligence
● Kurt Lewin's - Field Theory/ his concept of life space
● Brofenbrenner's - Ecological System Theory
● Lev Vygotsky - Social Constructivism; Zond of Proximal Development (ZPD) *
gap b/w actual and potential development
● Hilda Taba - Grassroots Approach
● Max Wertheimer - Gestalt Psychology
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● Wilhelm Wundt - "Father of Modern Psychology"

● William James - wrote the "Principles of psychology"/ consciousness
● hypothalamus - brain's stress center
● Abraham Maslow - physiological needs; "Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs" ;
safety&security; love & belongingness; self-esteem; self-actualization
● John B. Watson - (behaviorist approach) an American psychologist who
established the psychological school of behaviorism.
FOUNDERS AND FATHERS IN ENGLISH LITERATURE

1.Geoffrey Chaucer = The Father of English Literature
2.Geoffrey Chaucer = The Father of English Poetry
3.Geoffrey Chaucer = The Father of English Language
4.Geoffrey Chaucer = The Morning Star of the Renaissance
5.Geoffrey Chaucer = The First National Poet
6.Venerable Bede = The Father of English Learning.
7.Venerable Bede = The Father of English History
8.King Alfred the Great = The Father of English Prose
9.Aeschylus = The Father of Tragedy
10.Nicholas Udall = The First English Comedy Writer
11.Edmund Spenser = The Poet’s poet (by Charles Lamb)
12.Edmund Spenser = The Child of Renaissance
13.Edmund Spenser = The Bridge between Renaissance and Reformation
14.Gutenberg = The Father of Printing
15.William Caxton = Father of English Press
16.Francis Bacon = The Father of English Essay
17.John Wycliffe = The Morning Star of the Reformation
18.Christopher Marlowe = The Father of English Tragedy
19.William Shakespeare = Bard of Avon
20.William Shakespeare = The Father of English Drama
21.William Shakespeare = Sweet Swan of Avon
22.William Shakespeare = The Bard
23.Robert Burns = The Bard of Ayrshire (Scotland)
24.Robert Burns = The National Poet of Scotland
25.Robert Burns = Rabbie
26.Robert Burns = The Ploughman Poet
27.William Dunber = The Chaucer of Scotland
28.John Dryden = Father of English criticism
29.William of Newbury = Father of Historical Criticism
30.John Donne = Poet of love
31.John Donne = Metaphysical poet
32.John Milton = Epic poet
33.John Milton = The great master of verse
34.John Milton = Lady of the Christ College
35.John Milton = Poet of the Devil’s Party
36.John Milton = Master of the Grand style
38.John Milton = The Blind Poet of England
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39.Alexander Pope = Mock heroic poet

40.William Wordsworth = The Worshipper of Nature
41.William Wordsworth = The High Priest of Nature
42.William Wordsworth = The Poet of Nature
43.William Wordsworth = The Lake Poet
44.William Wordsworth = Poet of Childhood
45.William Wordsworth = Egotistical Sublime
46.Samuel Taylor Coleridge = The Poet of Supernaturalism
47.Samuel Taylor Coleridge = Opium Eater
48.Coleridge & Wordsworth = The Father of Romanticism
49.Wordsworth, Coleridge, Southey = Lake Poets
50.Lord Byron = The Rebel Poet
51.Percy Bysshe Shelley = The Revolutionary Poet
52.Percy Bysshe Shelley = Poet of hope and
regeneration
53.John Keats = Poet of Beauty
54.William Blake = The Mystic Poet
55.John Keats = Chameleon Poet
56.Lord Alfred Tennyson = The Representative of the Victorian Era
57.George Bernard Shaw = The greatest modern dramatist
58.George Bernard Shaw = The Iconoclast
59.Jane Austen = Anti-romantic in Romantic age
60.Lindley Murray = Father of English Grammar
61.James Joyce = Father of English Stream of Conscious Novel
62.Edgar Allen Poe = Father of English Mystery play
63.Edgar Allen Poe = The Father of English Short Story
64.Henry Fielding = The Father of English Novel
65.Samuel Johnson = Father of English one Act Play
66.Sigmund Freud = A great Psycho-analyst
67.Robert Frost = The Poet of Terror
68.Francesco Petrarch = The Father of Sonnet (Italian)
69.Francesco Petrarch = The Father of Humanism
70.Sir Thomas Wyatt = The Father of English Sonnet
71.Henry Louis Vivian Derozio = The Father of Indian-Anglican Sonnet
72.William Hazlitt = Critic’s Critic
73.Charles Lamb = The Essay of Elia
74.Arthur Miller = Mulk Raj Anand of America
75.Addison = The voice of humanist Puritanism
76.Emerson = The Seneca of America
77.Mother Teresa = The Boon of Heaven
78.Thomas Nash = Young Juvenile
79.Thomas Decker = Fore-runner of Humorist
80.Homer = The Father of Epic Poetry
81.Homer = The Blind Poet
82.Henrick Ibsen = Father of Modern theatre
83.Rabindranath Tagore = Indian National Poet
84.Nissim Ezekiel = The Father of Indian English Poet
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Mnemonic ProfEd
Curriculum Development
Pattern and Design Subject Centered Curriculum
PART 4
■ BFCSP - BF mo dpt may Call Sign kayo Poreber
▪️B - Broadfield - Interdiciplinary, relationship Ex. History sa pwdng world history and
Phil. History
▪️F - Fused Subject - Lost Identity Ex. Social Science comnination of geography and
history
▪️C- Core subject - kaya mong iconnect ang math sa science
▪️S- Separate - Common subjects dpt may sariling time nad content
▪️P- Process - learning how to design
Pattern and Design Learner Centered Curriculum
■ ACEPH - Sinu ang learner si ACE sa PHilippines

▪️A- Activity - variety, need and interest
▪️C- Child centered - custom made
▪️E- Experience - on the spot
▪️H- Humanistic - self development
Pattern and design Problem Based
■ LC
▪️L - Lifelong situations - background of students
▪️C - social functions
Types of curriculum
■ Washltr or (Wash later)
▪️W- Written - Lessonplan, documents, schoolforms
▪️A - Assessed - assessment, evaluation, judgement, feedback, effectiveness
▪️S-Supported - facilities textbooks
▪️H-Hidden - Covert or unplanned nutrition month, buwan ng wika. Kahit nd magturo
ang teacher may matutunan ang bata. Hindi involved ang teacher.
▪️L- Learned - outcome, k+12
▪️T- Taught - Yung written curriculum tulad ng lesson plan dpt put into action.
▪️R- Recommended- Manggagaling sa national org like DepEd or DOST
Teacher as Curricularist ( KIWI PIE )

▪️Knower
▪️Initiator
▪️Writer
▪️Innovator
▪️planner
▪️implementor
▪️evaluator
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Historical Foundations
■ PSA CJ 3x NF (Kumuha ng PSA si CJ 3x o tatlong beses sa North Fole)
▪️P - PreSpanish - Survival. Yung magulang ang teacher ng bata para ituro ang basic
needs or skills
▪️S- Spanish - Nakapokus sa christian doctrine. Kase nga pare ung namumuno saten.
Vernacular ang medium of instruction
▪️A-American - Public school. Yung mga bata kase nd nakapag aral dhl sa bahay lng.
American/Philippine history medium of instructions
▪️C-Commonwealth - Agricultural and industrial. Nationalistic to democratic. Tagalog
or filipino medium of instruction.
▪️J-Japanese - Vacatiobal Educ. Kht dw ung mga bata na nag aaral sa public ung iba nd
pa dn nakakapagtapos. kaya voctech para may chance ung ivang bata na nd
nakapagtapos sa public school.
▪️3x - Third republic - Patriotism. Dapat tangkilikin ang sariling atin.
▪️N - New society - National goals. High profession. Bilingual educ policy.
▪️F- Fourth Republic - Quality educ and Rights
Psychological
■ (NBCP) New Bangko Central ng Pilipinas

▪️Naturalism - Nature of child. Madaling matuto ang mga bata sa mga nakikita kaya
dpt mga cher maging role model tayo sa kanila.
▪️Behaviorism - Shape by environment. Kaya dpt first day plng ng school imposed na
ng rules and regulations para nd mahirapan.
▪️Cognitive - mental knowledge
▪️Phenominological or Humanistic - self development
Philosophical
■ PEARLMEI ( name ng girl yan hehe)

▪️Pragmatism - learning for doing
▪️Existentialism - Choices freedom
▪️Axiology - moral or ethics
▪️Realism - truth can be tested and proven
▪️Logical - thinking logical
▪️Metaphysics - study beyond natural
▪️Epistemology - teaching/learning process
▪️Idealism - mind/spirit
Educ Philosophies
■PREP
▪️Progressivism - process or betterment
▪️Reconstructionism - rebuilding culture
▪️Essentialism - common body of knowledge (basic)
▪️Perrenialism - perpetual, timeless, hindi nagbabago
PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION KEY POINTS
TERMS IN TEACHER MOVEMENTMANAGEMENT
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➪ THRUST – proceeding without assessing / feel to give instruction, students not

ready
➪ DANGLING – hanging activity by giving another, leave topic w/o finalized.
➪ TRUNCATION – leaves activity, not able to return, abruptly moving another topic.
➪ FLIP-FLOP – returns to a left activity while currently doing an activity, jumping
from previous topic to new topic and vice versa, lack clear directions and sequence
of activity.
➪ STIMULUS-BOUND – distracted
➪ OVERDWELLING –overtime in one topic
➪ OVERLAPPING – multitasking results negatively
𝗧
PRINCIPLE OF MORAL DICERNMENT
➪ DOUBLE EFFECT – sacrifice for the good or bad

➪ HORN/HALO EFFECT-- overcoming other trait, either bad/good
➪ LESSER EVIL – choice of the less one from two bad things
➪ FORMAL COOPERATION – cooperation with will
➪ MATERIAL COOPERATION – cooperation without will
➪ Principles of HEDONISM- doing immoral act to prioritize pleasure.
➪ Principles of UTILITARIANISM- doing immoral / majority
MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY

Central (middle location) Tendency
➪ Mean – Average/most commonly used and in greatly affected by extreme scores

➪ Mode – most occurring/most frequently used measures of central tendency/Not
influenced by outliers.
➪ Median- most reliable measure of central tendency when there are extreme
scores
➪ RANGE – highest score minus lowest scoreand is the simplest of measures of
variability
➪ Standard Deviation – is how spread the scores are from the mean and most
reliable measures of variability
➪ Variance– the square of standard deviation ➪
LOW SD–Homogenous, scores near to mean(almost same/clustered)
➪ HIGH SD – Heterogenous, scores far to mean (scattered)
MEASURES OF RELATIVE POSITION
➪ PERCENTILE- 100 (Divide the group into Rank (P1...P100))

➪ DECILE – 10 grps (D1…D10)
➪ STANINE- 9 grps (S1....S9)
➪ QUARTILE – 4 grps (Q1…Q4)
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DIFFICULTY INDEX
0-0.20 VERY DIFFICULT (reject)

0.21-0.40 DIFFICULT (revise)
0.41-0.60 MODERATE/AVE. (retain)
0.61-0.80EASY (revise)
0.81-1.00 VERY EASY (reject)
DISCRIMINATION INDEX𝗘𝗫
Positive – more from the Upper group got the correct answer. (Retain)
Negative - more from the lower group got the correct answer. (Reject)
ZERO - The item cannot be determined-( Reject)
POSITIVELY SKEWED (LEFT FOOT) low scores, mean greater than mode
NEGATIVELY SKEWED (RIGHT FOOT) high scores, mean is lower than mode
MISTAKEN GOALS
1. ATTENTION SEEKER – “teacher, notice me”
2. REVENGE – “teacher, I am hurt”
3. POWER-SEEKING – “teacher, may I help?”
4. INADEQUACY – “teacher, don’t give up on me”
ERICKSON PSYCHOLOGICAL TASK
1. TRUST VS. MISTRUST (0-12 months) infancy – ANXIETY, FEAR

2. AUTONOMY VS. SHAME/DOUBT (1-3 years old) Early childhood- Low self-esteem
and feeling of shame
3. INITIATIVE VS. GUILT (3-6 years old) Late childhood- develop self-confidence and
feel a sense of purpose.
4. INDUSTRY VS. INFERIORITY (6-12 years old) School age -develop a sense of pride
and accomplishment
5. IDENTITY VS. ROLE CONFUSION (12-18 years old) Adolescence- explore various
roles and ideas,setgoals, and attempt to discover their “adult” selves.
6. INTIMACY VS. ISOLATION (early 20s-early 40sYoung adulthood - feelings of
loneliness and emotional isolation.
7. GENERATIVITY VS. STAGNATION (40s-mid 60s)Adulthood -finding your life’s work
and contributing to the development of others.
8. INTEGRITY VS. DESPAIR (mid 60s-death) Maturity -face the end of their lives with
feelings of bitterness, depression, and despair.
PIAGET’S COGNITIVE THEORY:

1. SENSORYMOTOR – (0-2years old) senses
2. PRE-OPERATIONAL – (2-7 years old) imagination
3. CONCRETE – (7-12 years old) tangible/real
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4. FORMAL – (12-15 years old) theoretical base
1. Schema– Outline/ interpret and understand 2.

Assimilation - process of taking in new information into our already existing schemas
3. Accommodation - involves changing or altering our existing schemas in light of
new information
4. Equilibration- children try to strike a balance between assimilation and
accommodation.
BRUNER’S THREE MODE OF PRESENTATION:
➪ ENACTIVE (0-1 yrs. old) – action-based information

➪ ICONIC (1-6 yrs. old) – image-based information
➪ SYMBOLIC (7+) – code/symbols such as language
FREUD PSYCHOSEXUAL / PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY𝗢𝗥𝗬
• ORAL (0-1 yrs. old) – Infant

• ANAL (1-3 yrs. old) – Toddler
• PHALLIC – Preschool
• LATENCY – School Age
• GENITAL – Adolescense
• OEDIPUS – son to mom
• ELECTRA –daughter to dad
KOHLBERG’S THEORY OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT𝗘𝗟𝗢𝗣𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗧
LEVEL 1: PRE-CONVENTIONAL MORALITY

• Stage 1: Obedience and Punishment Orientation
• Stage 2: Individualism and Exchange
LEVEL 2: CONVENTIONAL MORALITY
• Stage 3: Good Interpersonal Relationships
• Stage 4: Maintaining the Social Order
LEVEL 3: POST-CONVENTIONAL MORALITY
• Stage 5: Social Contract and Individual Rights
• Stage 6: Universal Principles
PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION
✔ John Locke — tabularasa , empiricism:"Father of Liberalism"
✔Francis Bacon — "Father of scientific method" "Father of empiricism"
✔Jean Jacques Rousseau -- "Hollistic education"(physical, moral, intellectual): nature
of child.
✔Edgar Dale - "Cone of Experience" aka "Father of Modern Media in Education"
✔Erik Erickson — Psychosocial development Theory
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✔Edward Lee Thorndike =Theory of Connectionsim “satisfaction” “the law of effect,

readiness and exercise”." Father of Modern Educational psychology;
✔Friedrich Frobel — "Father of kindergarten"
✔Johann Herbart — founder of pedagogy as an academic discipline.
✔Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi — symmetrical and harmonious devt of child: motto "
Learning by head, hand and heart"
THEORIES AND THEIR PROPONENTS

✔Sigmund Freud — psychosexual , psychoanalytic; “father of modern psychology”
✔Wilhelm Woundt = german psycologist “father of psychology’.
✔John Dewey – Learning by doing: education for all.
✔David Froebel – Father of kinder garten
✔Ivan Pavlov = classical conditioning: involuntary behavior
✔Burrhus Frederic Skinner — operant cond.
✔Jean Piaget —cognitivist/ Cognitive dev’t Theory, info processing , dynamic
interrelation.
✔David Ausubel — meaningful learning envronment theory, graphic organizer,
assumption
✔William Kohler — insight learning theory
✔Lawrence Kohlberg — moral dev’t theory
✔Albert Bandura —Modeling/Imitate: Social learning Theory,"bobo doll"
experiment, neo – behaviorism
✔Robert Gagne — Cumulative Learning Theory: sequence of instruction
✔Abraham Maslow — hierarchy of needs
FOUR PILLARS OF LEARNING

PROF ED KEY POINTS
LEARNING TO KNOW - focuses on combining broad gen. knowledge and basic educ.
with the opportunity to work on a small number of subjects in the light of rapid
changes brought about by scientific progress ang new forms of economic and social
activity.
➪ Learning how to learn and to discover, as to benefit from ongoing educational

opportunities continuously arising throughout life.
➪ Developing the faculties of memory, imagination, reasoning and problem solving.
➪ Understanding about one's environment.
➪ Communicating with others.
LEARNING TO DO- emphasizes on the learning of skills necessary to practice a

profession or trade.
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➪ applying in practice what has been learned.

➪ developing vocational / occupational and technical skills
➪ developing social skills in building meaningful interpersonal relationships.
➪ developing competence, social behavior, aptitude for teamwork
➪ enhancing the ability to communicate and work with others
➪ managing and resolving conflicts.
LEARNING TO BE - prioritizes the development of the human potencial to the fullest.
➪ tapping the talents hidden with individual.

➪ developing personal commitment and responsibilty for the common good.
LEARNING TO LEAVE TOGETHER - emphasizes understanding of others, their history,

tradition and cultures, and also living and interacting peacefully together.
➪ appreciating diversity of human race

➪ being receptive to others and encounter others through dialogue and debate.
➪ caring about others
➪ working toward common objectives in cooperative undertakings.
➪ managing and resolving conflicts.
▫️▫️▫️▫️▫️▫️▫️▫️▫️▫️▫️▫️▫️▫️▫️▫️▫️
PART 5
Philosophers Related to Learners Development
SIGMUND FREUD -- "the mind is like an iceberg, it floats with one-seventh of
its bulk avove water.
COMPONENTS OF PERSONALITY
ID -- pleasure center
EGO -- reality center
SUPER EGO -- conscience / judgment center.
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES OF DEV'T

ORAL -- thumb sucking, biting
ANAL -- toilet training, control of their bowel.
PHALLIC -- sexual interest, genital stimulation.
LATENCY -- sexual urges & interest were temporary
GENITAL -- adult sexual interest and activities come to dominate.
Odipus complex - son vs father towards mother/wife feelings . (excessive
attachment)(Phallic stage)
Electra complex - daugther vs mother towards father/husband feelings.
(excessive attachment)(Phallic stage)

Personality Dynamics
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LIFE INSTINCT DEATH INSTINCT

====================
ERIK ERICKSON -- "healthy children will not fear in their elders have integrity
enough to fear of death.
PSYCHOSOCIAL STAGES of DEVT

CRISIS -- a person goes through
MALADAPTATION -- result from failure to effectivity resolve the problem
MALIGNACY -- "
VIRTUE -- emerges when balance & resolution of crisis attained.
PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY STAGES

Stage: Early Childhood (2 to 3 years)
Basic Conflict: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Important Events: Toilet Training
Outcome: Children need to develop a sense of personal control over physical
skills and a sense of independence. Success leads to feelings of autonomy,
failure results in feelings of shame and doubt.
Stage: Preschool (3 to 5 years)

Basic Conflict: Initiative vs. Guilt
Important Events: Exploration
Outcome: Children need to begin asserting control and power over the
environment. Success in this stage leads to a sense of purpose. Children who
try to exert too much power experience disapproval, resulting in a sense of
guilt.
Stage: School Age (6 to 11 years)

Basic Conflict: Industry vs. Inferiority
Important Events: School
Outcome: Children need to cope with new social and academic demands.
Success leads to a sense of competence, while failure results in feelings of
inferiority.
Stage: Adolescence (12 to 18 years)

Basic Conflict: Identity vs. Role Confusion
Important Events: Social Relationships
Outcome: Teens need to develop a sense of self and personal identity.
Success leads to an ability to stay true to yourself, while failure leads to role
confusion and a weak sense of self.
Stage: Young Adulthood (19 to 40 years)

Basic Conflict: Intimacy vs. Isolation
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Important Events: Relationships
Outcome: Young adults need to form intimate, loving relationships with
other people. Success leads to strong relationships, while failure results
in loneliness and isolation.
Stage: Middle Adulthood (40 to 65 years)

Basic Conflict: Generativity vs. Stagnation
Important Events: Work and Parenthood
Outcome: Adults need to create or nurture things that will outlast them, often
by having children or creating a positive change that benefits other people.
Success leads to feelings of usefulness and accomplishment, while failure
results in shallow involvement in the world
Stage: Maturity(65 to death)

Basic Conflict: Ego Integrity vs. Despair
Important Events: Reflection on life
Outcome: Older adults need to look back on life and feel a sense of
fulfillment. Success at this stage leads to feelings of wisdom, while failure
results in regret, bitterness, and despair.
===================================
LEV VYGOTSKY -- "the teacher must orient his work not on yesterday's devt
in the childs but on tomorrow's.
SCAFFOLDING -- is the systematic manner of providing assistance of the
learners to effectively acquire skills.
MKO(More Knowledge Others) -- higher level of performance.
===================================
JEAN PIAGET -- " the school should be creating men & women who are
capable of doing new things not simply repeating what other generation have
done.
STAGES OF COGNITIVE DEVT.

SENSORY MOTOR (BIRTH - 2y/o) -- infants knowledge.
PRE-OPERATIONAL ( 2-7y/o) -- pretent to play but still struggle with
logic,mental symbols interest.
CONCRETE OPERATIONAL (7-11) -- think logically, hypothetically and
concepts, solve problems
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FORMAL OPERATIONAL (11-UP) -- deductive reasoning and understanding of

abstract ideas, think symbolically.
===================================
LAWRENCE KOHLBERG -- "right action tends to be defined in terms of
general individual rights and standards that have been critically examined &
agreed upon by the whole society.
LEVELS OF MORAL DEVT.

PRE-CONVENTIONAL -- obidience & punishment (consequences) ,
individualism & exchange
CONVENTIONAL --interpersonal relationship, maintain social order.
POST-CONVENTIONAL -- social contract and individual rights , universal
principles, set of values and beliefs.
===================================
URIE BROFENBRENNER --
ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM THEORY
MICROSYSTEM -- sorroundings of individual: family, friends, neighborhood
MESOSYSTEM -- connections between context, school experiences to church
experience.
EXOSYSTEM -- includes other people and places that the child herself may
not interact with often herself but that still have a large effect on her.
PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY STAGES

Stage: Early Childhood (2 to 3 years)
Basic Conflict: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Important Events: Toilet Training
Outcome: Children need to develop a sense of personal control over physical
skills and a sense of independence. Success leads to feelings of autonomy,
failure results in feelings of shame and doubt.
Stage: Preschool (3 to 5 years)

Basic Conflict: Initiative vs. Guilt
Important Events: Exploration
Outcome: Children need to begin asserting control and power over the
environment. Success in this stage leads to a sense of purpose. Children who
try to exert too much power experience disapproval, resulting in a sense of
guilt.
Stage: School Age (6 to 11 years)

Basic Conflict: Industry vs. Inferiority
Important Events: School
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Outcome: Children need to cope with new social and academic demands.
Success leads to a sense of competence, while failure results in feelings of
inferiority.
Stage: Adolescence (12 to 18 years)

Basic Conflict: Identity vs. Role Confusion
Important Events: Social Relationships
Outcome: Teens need to develop a sense of self and personal identity.
Success leads to an ability to stay true to yourself, while failure leads to role
confusion and a weak sense of self.
Stage: Young Adulthood (19 to 40 years)
Basic Conflict: Intimacy vs. Isolation
Important Events: Relationships
Outcome: Young adults need to form intimate, loving relationships with other
people. Success leads to strong relationships, while failure results in loneliness
and isolation.
Stage: Middle Adulthood (40 to 65 years)

Basic Conflict: Generativity vs. Stagnation
Important Events: Work and Parenthood
Outcome: Adults need to create or nurture things that will outlast them, often
by having children or creating a positive change that benefits other people.
Success leads to feelings of usefulness and accomplishment, while failure
results in shallow involvement in the world.
Stage: Maturity (65 to death)

Basic Conflict: Ego Integrity vs. Despair
Important Events: Reflection on life
Outcome: Older adults need to look back on life and feel a sense of
fulfillment. Success at this stage leads to feelings of wisdom, while failure
results in regret, bitterness, and despair.
PART 6: COGNITIVE PERSPECTVE : GESTALT PRINCIPLE German word

means "whole, form, pattern or configuration" the focus of this theory is on
Perception and how people assign meaning to visual stimuli "The whole is
more than the sum of all parts"
LAW OF PROXIMITY -- elements that are closer together be percieved as a

coherent object.
LAW OF SIMILARITY -- similar will percieved as part of the same form.
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LAW OF CLOSURE -- ignoring gaps in the figure.

LAW OF CONTINUATION -- patterns establish an impled direction, people
tend a good continous line.
LAW OF PRAGNANZ -- stimulus will be organize into a good figure as
possible.
LAW OF FIGURE/GROUND -- we tend to pay attention and percieved things
in the foreground first.
INSIGHT LEARNING -- Gestalt adheres to the idea of learning takes place by
discovery.
Ripple Effect -- spreading effect of series of consequences caused by single

action or event.
Hawthorne Effect -- type of reactivity effect in which individuals improve an
aspect of their behavior in response to their awareness of being observed.
Halo Effect -- cognitive bias which an observer overall impression of a
person, influences the observers feeling and thoughts about the entity's
character or property
Pygmalion Effect -- Shows the teacher's expectation (self-fulfillment)
Golem Effect -- low expection leads to decrease in performance.
REINFORCEMENTS
Positive -- presence of stimulus
Negative -- absence of stimulus
Escape -- removes stimulus
Avoidance -- prevents stimulus
Reinforcement -- increase of behavior
Punishment -- weakens response
PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION
CHILD AND ADOLESCENT
REVIEW NOTES
Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory (Personality)
Psychosexual Development
 Oral Stage (0-1 yrs. old) Infant
 Anal Stage (1-3 yrs. old) Toddler
 Phallic Stage (3-6 yrs old) preschoolers
 Latency Stage (age 6 - puberty) school age
 Genital Stage (adolescence /puberty onwards)
Personality Component
 ID (pleasure principles) infancy
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 EGO (reality principles) preschooler

 SUPEREGO (morality principles) near end of preschool
3 Levels of Mind
 CONCIOUS - all that we are aware of that are stored in our conscious
mind.
 UNCONCIOUS - all that we go through (feelings, beliefs, impulses deep
within)
 SUBCONCIOUS (a.k.a. Pre-Conscious) – the part of us that’s hidden unless
we search for it
------------------------------------
Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory
3 Basic Cognitive Concept

1. Schema – Building blocks of knowledge
2. Adaptation Processes (3)

📕Assimilation – using an existing schema to deal with a new object or
situation.
📕Accommodation – happens when an existing schema does not work and
needs to be changed to deal with a new object or situation
📕Equilibration – occurs when a child’s schemas can deal with most new
information through assimilation. But when our experiences do not match our
schemata, we experience cognitive disequilibrium
3. Stages of Cognitive Development

Stage 1. Sensori-motor stage (birth - infancy)
Highlight:
Object Permanence - ability to know that an object still exists even when out
of sight
Stage 2. Pre-operational stage (2-7yrs) preschool years

Intelligence at this stage is intuitive in nature
Child can now make mental representations and is able to pretend
Highlights on this stage:

📒Symbolic Function – ability to represent objects and events
📒Egocentrism – the tendency of the child to only see his point of view and to
assume that everyone also has his same point of view
📒Centration – the tendency of the child to only focus on one aspect of a
thing or event and exclude other aspects.
📒Irreversibility – inability to reverse their thinking
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Can understand 2+3=5 but cannot understand that 5-3=2

📒Animism – attribute human like traits or characteristics to inanimate objects
(e.g. Mr. Sun is asleep)
📒Transductive Reasoning – reasoning appears to be from particular to
particular
(i.e. If A causes B, then B causes A)
Stage 3. Concrete-operational stage (8-11 yrs.) elementary school years

This stage is characterized by the ability of the child to think logically but only
in terms of concrete objects.
📒Decentering – no longer focused or limited to one aspect or dimension
which makes the child to be more logical when dealing with concrete objects
and situations
📒Reversibility – can now follow that certain operations can be done in
reverse
📒Conservation – the ability to know that certain properties of objects like
number, mass, volume or area do not change even if there is a change in
appearance.
📒Seriation – ability to order or arrange things in a series based on one
dimension such as weight, volume or size.
Stage 4. Formal-operational stage (12-15 yrs.)

Thinking becomes logical
Can solve problems and hypothesize
This stage is characterized by the following:

📓Hypothetical Reasoning – the ability to come up with different hypothesis
about a problem and to gather and weigh data in order to make a final
decision. Can answer what if questions.
📓Analogical Reasoning – the ability to perceive the relationship in one
instance and use it to narrow down possible answers. Can make an analogy.
📓Deductive Reasoning – the ability to think logically by applying the general
rule to a particular situation.
NOTABLE NAMES IN EDUCATION
1. Socrates -“know thy self”

2. Plato - wrote the “Republic”
3. Aristotle - Father of Modern Sciences
4. Ciero - Wrote the “Oratore”
5. Quintillian - Wrote” Institution Oratoria” he was a famous Grammaticus
6. Anselm - father of scholasticism
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7. Abelard - spearheaded Conceptualism

8. St. Thomas Aquinas - “wrote” Summa Theolgiae”
9. Erasmus - suggested that education be in accordance with the needs of
society, he was a humanist who advocated the importance of studying the
character of the child
10. Ascham - wrote the “Schoolmaster” condemning brutal punishment in
English schools during his time.
11. John Amos Comenius - father of modern education, he wrote the first
picture book”Orbis Senualium Pictus”
12. Mulcaster - said that” Education should be in accordance with nature”
13. John Locke-“tabula rasa’ ( blank sheet)
14. John Jacques Rosseau - wrote”Emile” (Education should be in accordance
with the nature of the child)
15. Pestallozzi - defined education as natural ,symmetrical and harmonious
development of the faculties of the child
16. Herbart - conceived education as aimed towards the development of
morality and virtue. He is famous for the
Herbatian Method in psychology
17. Froebel - father of kindergarden
John Dewey - “Education is not preparation for life
18. St.John Baptiste de la Salle - patron saint of teachers
19. Maria Montessori - advocated the child- centered education and prepared
environment
Jacob Kounin [Classroom Management]
1. Accountability- The teacher holds all members of the class responsible for
their learning and behavior.
2. Dangles- The teacher continues to find materials, reviews lesson plans, and
talks with individual students when the class as a whole is ready for
instruction.
3. Desists- The teacher engages in a effort to stop a misbehavior.
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4.Flip-flops- The teacher is engaged in one activity and then returns to a

precious activity that the students thought they had finished.
5. Fragmentation- The teacher engages in a type of slowdown.
Group Alerting- The teacher obtains and holds the attention of the class,
both at the beginning of a lesson and as the activities change within a lesson.
6. Group Focus- The teacher keeps the attention of all members of the class
at all times, which assists in maintaining an efficient classroom and reducing
students' misbehavior.
7. Jerkiness- The teacher fails to develop a consistent flow of instruction, thus

causing students to feel lesson momentum jerks from slow to fast.
8. Movement Management- The teacher keeps lessons and groups engaged

at an appropriate pace, with smooth transitions and varying activities.
9. Over-Dwelling- The teacher dwells on an issue and engages in a stream of

talk clearly longer than the time needed for students' understanding.
10. Overlapping- The teacher supervises and attends to more than one group
activity at the same time
11. Ripple Effect- The teacher corrects one student or calls attention to one
student for his or her misbehavior and it ripples to other students causing
them to behave better.
12. Satiation- The students have focused on one learning aspect too long
and begin to lose interest, make more mistakes and misbehave.
13. Slowdowns- The teacher, when teaching, moves too slowly and stops
instruction too often. Thus the students lose interest or learning momentum.
14. Stimulus Bound- The teacher has the students engaged in a lesson and
then something attracts his or her attention, she or he loses the instructional
focus and momentum while dealing with the other issue.
15. Thrust- The teacher teaches too slowly or too fast or switches back and
forth, thus failing to acquire and hole an appropriate momentum for students
to learn.
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16. Truncation- The teacher engages in a dangle, yet fails to resume the
original, dropped activity.
17. Withitness- The teacher perceives everything in all areas of the classroom
at all times.
Types of curriculum
1.Recommended curriculum-proposed by the scholars and professionals

organization,recomendado ito ng mga professional
2. Written curriculum- appears in school district and division,this is called

explicit and overt curriculum,you can see this curriculum written in students
handbook,students manual,faculty manuals
3. Taught curriculum💚- teachers implement in the classroom,ito yung yung

tinuturo ni teacher
4.Supported curriculum💚- resources,computer,textbook etc
5. Assessed curriculum💚- that which is tasted and evaluated
6. Learned curriculum💚 what a students actually learned,yung mga

natutunan ng mga students sa school
7. Hidden
❤️ curriculum - nakukuha lng ito sa behavior ng students and
teachers this also called covert curriculum,opposite ito sa written curriculum
Cognitive domain
Bloom taxonomy
1. 🌺Knowledge - recall,remembering,parang nagmemorize ka lang and lowest
level of bloom taxonmy of objective
2. 🌺Comprehension - ability to grasp meaning of materials,it indicates the

lowest form of understanding,meaning naintindihan mo ang isang bagay,pwde
mo siyang i paraphrase,pwde mo siyang iexplain,pwede mo siyang idescribe
using your own words
3. 🌺Application - ability to used learned materials into new and concrete

situation,pagsinabi mong application you can already transfer your learning
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4. Analysis - ability to breakdown materials into component

parts,,himayhimayin mo siya,ianalyze mo kung ano ibig sabihin,kung bakit
naging ganyan,paano naging ganiti
5. Synthesis - ability to put parts to form a new whole,gagawa ka ng

bago,kaya tinatawag itong create,to formulate
6. Evaluate - ire rate mo siya,i judge mo siya,highest level of cognitive domain

according to benjamin bloom
Revise bloom taxonomy

⭐Lower order thinking skills or LOTS⭐
1. Remember
2. Understand
3. Apply
⭐Higher order thinking skills or HOTS⭐

4. Analyze
5. Evaluate
6. Create - highest level of revise bloom taxonomy
Affective domain💚
1. 🌺Recieving - ability to pay attention,nakikinig ka lng,accept accept ka lng

kung anong sinasabi ni teacher,lowest level of affective domain
2. 🌺Responding - active participation of the parts of the student,meaning

sumasagot ka sa mga tanong na ibinabato ni teacher
3. Valuing
❤️ di masyadong pinag uusapan sa let kaya no need to explain
4. 🌺Organization ganun din hindi masyadong pinag uusapan
5. 🌺Characterization - highest level of affective domain according to Kratwol
Professional Education
50-item Drills
1. Who among the following is not a follower of Pragmatic Philosophy?
A. Kilpatrick
B. Peshtalozzi✅
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C. John Dewey
D. William James
2. Education, according to the Pragmatist is

A. Wholly purposive✅
B. Wholly pupil-oriented
C. Wholly society-oriented
D. Wholly interdisciplinary
3. Learning by Project Method is technically known as

A. Efficient learning
B. Adequate learning
C. Incidental learning✅
D. Systematic learning
4. Which is a great disadvantage of the project method?

A. Children are generally not interested in it
B. It consumes much of the time of the child
C. It leaves gaps in the knowledge of the child✅
D. Teachers, generally, do not like to teach through it
5. Which among the following is not essentially desirable in the project

method?
A. The task of the project should be full of message for the children✅
B. The task of the project is as real as the task of the life outside the walls of
the school
C. The task of the project involves constructive effort or thought yielding
objective results
D. The task of the project should be interesting enough so that the pupil is
genuinely eager to carry it out
6. Which is the characteristic of the project method?

A. Problematic act
B. A voluntary undertaking
C. Carried in its natural setting
D. Used for all-round-development of child’s personality✅
7. Project method of teaching is an outstanding contribution of

A. Idealism
B. Realism
C. Naturalism
D. Pragmatism✅
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8. Which of the following claims of the pragmatists is not acceptable?

A. Training in character through school’s co-curricular activities is possible
B. Training in citizenship is possible through school and community activities
C. Child’s own experience is valuable for adequate development of child’s
personality
D. The free activity of the pupil is likely to result in permanent attitudes of
initiative and independence and moral discipline✅
9. Pragmatism has a greater sense of responsibility than Naturalism with

regard to moral training because
A. They emphasize teaching of values
B. They consider education, basically, a social process
C. They do not want the teacher to abdicate from the scene
D. The free activity which pragmatic- system of education entails does not
mean licence; rather it means a guided activity✅
10. The pragmatists are against

A. The specialist teachers
B. Eternal spiritual values
C. The external examinations
D. Breakdown of knowledge into separate subjects✅
11. Which is the most widely accepted method of education, according to the
pragmatists?
A. Heuristic method
B. Learning by doing✅
C. Lecturing by the teacher
D. Leaving the child free to learn
12. Play way method of teaching has been emphasised in the scheme of the
education of
A. Realists
B. Naturalists✅
C. Pragmatists
D. Existentialists
13. Which school of philosophy of education advocated Project method of

teaching?
A. Idealism
B. Realism
C. Naturalism
D. Pragmatism✅
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14. Which of the following is said about the idealists?

A. They like “roses”
B. They are content with “briars”
C. They want “roses” and “briars” both
D. They are satisfied neither with “briars” nor with “roses”✅
15. Religious education is strongly advocated by

A. Realist
B. Idealists✅
C. Pragmatists
D. Existentialists
16. Which among the following does not fit into the scheme of educational
goals of the Idealists?
A. Skills
B. Care of body✅
C. Moral values
D. Self-expression
17. Which philosophy of education considers psychology as an incomplete

study of and an inadequate basis of educational theory?
A. Realism
B. Idealism✅
C. Naturalism
D. Pragmatism
18. Naturalist’s conception of man is

A. Man’s very essence of being is his spiritual nature
B. It is spirit rather than animality that is most truly man
C. Nature would have them children before they are men✅
D. There exists in the nature of things a perfect pattern of each individual
19. The Realist’s aim of education is

A. Self-realization
B. Happy and moral development✅
C. Spiritual and moral development
D. Total development of personality
20. The aim of education according to the Existentialists is

A. Objective knowledge
B. Adaptation to practical life
C. A good understanding of the world outside
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D. Humanitarian and humanist self- realization✅
21. What is the goal of education according to Idealism?

A. Realisation of moral values✅
B. Satisfaction of human wants
C. Perfect adaptation to the environment
D. Cultivation of dynamic, adaptable mind which will be resourceful and
enterprising in all situations
22. On what is based the need for teaching philosophy of education?

A. All pupils are not alike
B. Different ways of teaching-learning
C. Different systems of education found in different countries
D. Different philosophies expressed different points of view on every aspect of
education✅
23. Which branch of philosophy examines issues pertaining to the nature of

“reality” ?
A. Axiology
B. Ontology
C. Metaphysics✅
D. Epistemology
24. Which school maintained: “Natural impulses of the child are of great
importance and are good in themselves” ?
A. Romantic Naturalism
B. Biological Naturalism✅
C. Mechanical Naturalism
D. Naturalism of physical science
25. Which branch of philosophy deals with knowledge, its structure, method
and validity?
A. Logic
B. Aesthetics
C. Metaphysics
D. Epistemology✅
26. Which is not the nature of philosophy?

A. It is a science of knowledge
B. It is the totality of man’s creative ideas✅
C. It is a planned attempt on search for the truth
D. It is a collective ensemble of various viewpoints
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27. Which school maintained self-expression with the accompanying cries of

“no interference”, “no restraints”?
A. Truest form of Naturalism
B. Extreme form of Naturalism✅
C. Most valid form of Naturalism
D. Most widely accepted form of Naturalism
28. Which school held the view, “God makes all things good; man meddles
with and they become evil” ?
A. Marxism
B. Naturalism✅
C. Pragmatism
D. Existentialism
29. According to which school of philosophy of education, exaltation of

individual’s personality is a function of education?
A. Marxism
B. Idealism
C. Idealism and Marxism both✅
D. Pragmatism
30. “Human institutions are one mass of folly and contradiction.” Whose
statement is this?
A. Dewey
B. Rousseau✅
C. Bernard Shaw
D. Ravinder Nath Tagore
31. Who said, “Reverse the usual practice and you will almost always do
right” ?
A. Plato
B. Dewey
C. Rousseau✅
D. Mahatma Gandhi
32. Which statement is not correct about Naturalism?

A. A reaction against a mere study of books and linguistic forms✅
B. A reaction against the degenerated humanism of the Renaissance period
C. A reaction against sophistication, artificiality and paraphernalia in education
D. None of these
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33. Who raised the slogan “Back to Nature”?

A. Realism
B. Naturalism✅
C. Pragmatism
D. Existentialism
34. What do you mean by curriculum?

A. Sum total of the annual study
B. A child learns through curriculum
C. Sum total of the activities of a school
D. Indicates the course to be taught by the teachers to the students
throughout the year✅
35.Who was the supporter of Naturalism in Education?

A. Frolbel
B. Rosseau✅
C. Armstrong
D. John Locke
36. What is the view point of progressive educators regarding the issue of
liberal vs. vocational education?
A. Vocational ends load one to degrade learning
B. All subjects should have a vocational orientation
C. Liberal arts subject should proceed vocational training✅
D. Vocational and liberal education should not be separated
37. Which educational activity is most desirable to the pragmatist?

A. That is beneficial effect upon the future experiences of the pupil
B. Approximates the goals which educational scientists have set up✅
C. Results from the indiscrimination of the pupil in democratic theory
D. That characterizes by spontaneous, active, continuously pleasurable and
practical for the pupil
38. On what depends the values of an educational experience in the eyes of

the idealist?
A. The extent to which it satisfies pupil desires
B. The manner in which it affects future experience
C. Whether or not it preserves accepted institutions✅
D. Whether or not the pupil has been properly motivated
39. What is the meaning of lesson plan?

A. To read the lesson before teaching it✅
B. To prepare the list of questions to be asked
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C. To prepare all that the teacher wants to teach in a limited period

D. To prepare detailed answers of all the questions to be
40. Which one of the following education systems supports scientific

progress?
A. Naturalistic Education
B. Idealistic Education
C. Realistic Education✅
D. None of these
41. Which is the first school for a child’s education?

A. School
B. Family✅
C. Friends
D. Society
42. What is the main centre of informal Education?
A. Family
B. Society
C. Radio and Television
D. All of the above✅
43. What is teaching through deductive method?

A. From easy to difficult
B. From macro to micro
C. From general to specific✅
D. From specific to general
44. What are the three components of the educational process?

A. Direction, instruction and skill
B. Teaching, learning and practice
C. Teacher, student and education✅
D. Education, teacher and books
45. Why are curriculum activities used in teaching?

A. To assist the teacher✅
B. Make teaching easy
C. To make teaching attractive
D. To make teaching interesting, easy to understand
46. If a student failed in any class what should be done to him?

A. He should be kept in the same class
B. He should be advised to leave studies
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C. He should be given a chance to improve and sent to the next class after he
improves✅
D. All the above methods are right
47. What is the place of principal in an educational institute?

A. Owner of the school
B. Founder of the school
C. Manager of the school✅
D. Overall head of the school
48. What is the compulsory element of learning?

A. Tendency to know✅
B. Ability to read
C. Bright Mind
D. None of these
49. Which one of the following sentences is correct about the nature of
teaching?
A. It is remedial
B. It is diagnostic
C. It is diagnostic as well as remedial
D. All the above statements are correct✅
50. What is called education acquired without any specific purpose, fixed
period and place?
A. Formal Education
B. Informal Education✅
C. Indirect Education
D. Individual Education
"Success is not final, failure is not fatal: It is the courage to continue that counts." - Winston
Churchill
"Believe you can and you're halfway there." - Theodore Roosevelt
"Success is the sum of small efforts, repeated day in and day out." - Robert Collier
"Success is not the key to happiness. Happiness is the key to success. If you love what you are
doing, you will be successful." - Albert Schweitzer
"Don't let what you cannot do interfere with what you can do." - John Wooden
"The only way to do great work is to love what you do." - Steve Jobs
"It does not matter how slowly you go as long as you do not stop." - Confucius
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2024
"Believe in yourself and all that you are. Know that there is something inside you that is
greater than any obstacle." - Christian D. Larson
"Success is to be measured not so much by the position that one has reached in life as by the
obstacles which he has overcome." - Booker T. Washington
"The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams." - Eleanor Roosevelt
Proverbs 3:5-8
"Trust in the Lord with all your heart, and lean not on your own understanding; In all your
ways acknowledge Him, and He shall direct your path.
Mark 11:24
“Therefore I say to you, whatever things you ask when you pray, believe that you receive
them, and you will have them”
#Godblessfuturetakers
#March/April2024
#ManifestingLpt
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GENERAL EDUCATION & PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION NOTES TO REVIEW

GENERAL EDUCATION NOTES 2024

learning has emotional correlates General Education

C. Daigdig 14. What is the power of the senate to

C. Bhagavad Gita 24. A schematic diagram shows the

mga prayle. Ito ay sinulat ni Graciano

12. “She is a vision of feminine a. Guilt

24. A readability mismatch happens 27. What correction should be made to

1. Sinabi ni Carlos P. Romulo sa isa "Mean"

Tapos I-add natin yung 6 at 7. GENERAL EDUCATION:

a. Africa c. Be independent from Spain with

27. Which part/s of the Visayas

d. Instructional Systems Design a. necessary to ensure that the

Carbohydrates - Sugar and starches are sea. _____ is the characteristic

Heterotrophs - These are organisms Xylem - The vascular tissue that

1895 at the age of 47 and was popularly

Evasion - An unlawful act of escaping Matsing - Mapagkumbaba : Pagong ::

US Dollars - Philippine economy Mapagkunwari - Ang "Siya ay maganda

Banaue Rice Terraces - Man-made In Loco Parentis - It is a Latin term

Kagamitang biswal - Ang paggamit ng Hemoglobin - It is the iron-containing

Technology - It is the application of

Trochaic - In English verse, a poetic foot

Security - The theme of the quote,

MESDAMES-plural of madam VETO POWER- the power to set aside

The Philippines is made up of 7,641

Of the 7,641 islands comprising the Leading agricultural export of the

Largest Arena in the Philippines is - formal/ 90mins or 3 hrs.

♥️SAMUEL LANGHORNE CLEMENS – ♥️3. PANLIPUNAN – pagbati,

♥️6. PAMANGGIT/RELATIVE P. – daw,

💎MGA URI NG 🏆MGA URI NG PANITIKAN

c. PANUNULUYAN – pagtatanghal c. TRAHEDYA – death of main

♥️10. OXYMORON/PAGTATAMBIS - ♥️3. SIZE

♥️1. MALOLOS CONSTITUTION – 5.Roxas

💎MISSIONARIES AND ♥️PHYSIOLOGY – function of tissue,

💎UNFAMILIAR BRANCHES OF 💎EARTH’S SPHERES

♥️2. MERCURY – named after Roman 9. Jose P. Rizal- Laon-Laan, Dimas-

-LUMALABAS SA BOARD EXAM- MGA TAGURI SA ILANG

5. Apolinario Mabini - Utak ng 22. Valeriano H. Peña- Ama ng

W Gary Smith - Adopt eight

Mathematical Expressions - consist Subset - Set that is contained with

7797 -- lengthen the school prog. to

A line that creates a boundary and the colors are deliberately

AERIAL PERSPECTIVE 16.Basketball Offensive team in

50. ace serve - point 54. Lapay Bantigue- Seagulls

34.Which of the following serves as a pre-requisite to employment and will

123. Not able to return

144. Back to basics

198. Trend or progress

1. Ethnocentrism – my culture is better

THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES OF CURRICULUM

• Traditional – cultural heritage

4. Operational – represents the actual teaching learning process

TRIARCHIC THEORY OF INTELLIGENCE - Robert Sternberg

SMITH AND NAGEL PPPF

CURRICULUM IMPLEMENTATION - process of ensuring that the curriculum

CURRICULUM DESIGN -determining the building blocks of curriculum

Professional Education Intensive LET Reviewer✨

PART 2: KOUNIN'S MGT MODEL (1970)

Stimulus boundedness -- teacher's attention interrupted by Extrateneous