Mou Part 4 Aug 18
Mou Part 4 Aug 18
Mou Part 4 Aug 18
PART 4
MACHINERY AND SYSTEMS
Notice No. 1 (effective on 1 July 2018) to the 2018 Rules, is summarized below.
ABS RULES FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING MOBILE OFFSHORE UNITS . 2018 iii
PART Table of Contents
4
Machinery and Systems
CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 Machinery, Equipment and Systems .................................................... 1
Section 1 General ..................................................................................2
Section 2 Machinery and Equipment .....................................................7
iv ABS RULES FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING MOBILE OFFSHORE UNITS . 2018
PART Chapter 1: Machinery, Equipment, and Systems
4
CHAPTER 1 Machinery, Equipment and Systems
CONTENTS
SECTION 1 General .................................................................................................... 2
1 Requirements for Classification .......................................................... 2
3 Definitions ........................................................................................... 2
3.1 Control Station ................................................................................. 2
3.3 Machinery Space ............................................................................. 2
3.5 Essential Services ........................................................................... 3
3.7 Hazardous Areas ............................................................................. 3
3.9 Dead Ship Condition ....................................................................... 3
3.11 Blackout........................................................................................... 3
3.13 Definitions for Piping Systems ......................................................... 3
3.15 Definitions for Electrical Installations ............................................... 3
5 Machinery Plans ................................................................................. 4
5.1 Submission of Plans ........................................................................ 4
5.3 Plans ............................................................................................... 4
5.5 Additional Notations ........................................................................ 4
7 Miscellaneous Requirements for Machinery ....................................... 4
7.1 Inclinations ...................................................................................... 4
7.3 Dead Ship Start ............................................................................... 4
7.5 Unattended Machinery Spaces ....................................................... 4
7.7 Ambient Temperature ...................................................................... 5
7.9 Materials Containing Asbestos ........................................................ 5
7.11 Materials and Welding for Machinery Components ......................... 5
ABS RULES FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING MOBILE OFFSHORE UNITS . 2018 1
PART Section 1: General
4
CHAPTER 1 Machinery, Equipment and Systems
SECTION 1 General
3 Definitions
2 ABS RULES FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING MOBILE OFFSHORE UNITS . 2018
Part 4 Machinery and Systems
Chapter 1 Machinery, Equipment and Systems
Section 1 General 4-1-1
3.11 Blackout
Blackout situation means the loss of the main source of electrical power resulting in the main and auxiliary
machinery being out of operation.
ABS RULES FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING MOBILE OFFSHORE UNITS . 2018 3
Part 4 Machinery and Systems
Chapter 1 Machinery, Equipment and Systems
Section 1 General 4-1-1
5 Machinery Plans
5.3 Plans
Machinery and systems plans required to be submitted for review and approval by ABS are listed in each
of the sections in Part 4. In general, equipment plans are to contain performance data and operational
particulars; standard of compliance where standards are used in addition to, or in lieu of, the Rules;
construction details such as dimensions, tolerances, welding details, welding procedures, material
specifications, etc.; and engineering calculations or analyses in support of the design. System plans are to
contain a bill of material with material specifications or particulars, a legend of symbols used, system
design parameters, and are to be in a schematic format. Booklets containing standard shipyard practices of
piping and electrical installations are generally required to supplement schematic system plans.
7.1 Inclinations
All machinery, components and systems for essential services, as defined in 4-1-1/3.5, are to be designed
to operate under the inclinations as indicated for each of the conditions listed in 4-1-1/Table 1.
TABLE 1
Angle of Inclination
Condition Static Dynamic
Column-Stabilized Units 15° in any 22.5° in any
direction direction
Self-Elevating Units 10° in any 15° in any
direction direction
Surface Units 15° list and 5° trim 22.5° rolling and 7.5° pitching
simultaneously simultaneously
4 ABS RULES FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING MOBILE OFFSHORE UNITS . 2018
Part 4 Machinery and Systems
Chapter 1 Machinery, Equipment and Systems
Section 1 General 4-1-1
TABLE 2
Ambient Temperatures for Machinery, Equipment and Appliances
in Units of Unrestricted Service
Air
Installations, Location, Temperature Range (°C)
Components Arrangement (1, 2)
Machinery and Enclosed Spaces – General 0 to +45
electrical Components mounted on machinery According to specific machinery and
installations associated with high temperature installation
In spaces subject to higher According to the actual maximum
temperature (details to be submitted) ambient temperature
In spaces with temperature lower than According to the actual ambient
+45°C (details to be submitted) temperature subject to minimum +40
Open Deck (3) −25 to +45
Water
Coolant Temperature (°C)
Seawater +32
Notes:
1 Electronic equipment is to be suitable for operations up to 55°C. See also 4-3-1/17.3.
2 For environmentally controlled spaces, see 4-3-1/17.3.
3 The minimum air temperature need not be less than the service temperature identified for the unit (see 3-1-4/1.9
and 3-1-2/1) and documented in the unit's Operating Manual as per 1-2-5/1 of the ABS Rules for Conditions of
Classification – Offshore Units and Structures (Part 1), except for control, monitoring, and safety devices/systems of
equipment associated with essential services which are to be based on Minimum Atmospheric Temperature
(MAT) as indicated in 4-1-1/7.7.
ABS RULES FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING MOBILE OFFSHORE UNITS . 2018 5
Part 4 Machinery and Systems
Chapter 1 Machinery, Equipment and Systems
Section 1 General 4-1-1
TABLE 3
Primary Essential Services
(a) Steering gears
(b) Pumps for controllable pitch propellers
(c) Scavenging air blower, fuel oil supply pumps, fuel valve cooling pumps, lubricating oil pumps and cooling water pumps
for main and auxiliary engines, turbines and shafting necessary for propulsion
(d) Ventilation necessary to maintain propulsion
(e) Forced draft fans, feed water pumps, water circulating pumps, vacuum pumps and condensate pumps for steam plants on
steam turbine units, and also for auxiliary boilers where steam is used for equipment supplying primary essential services
(f) Oil burning installations for steam plants on steam turbine units and for auxiliary boilers where steam is used for
equipment supplying primary essential services
(g) Azimuth thrusters which are the sole means for propulsion/steering with lubricating oil pumps, cooling water pumps, etc.
(h) Electrical equipment for electric propulsion plant with lubricating oil pumps and cooling water pumps
(i) Electric generators and associated power sources supplying primary essential equipment
(j) Hydraulic pumps supplying primary essential equipment
(k) Viscosity control equipment for heavy fuel oil
(l) Control, monitoring and safety devices/systems of equipment for primary essential services.
(m) Services considered necessary to maintain dangerous spaces in a safe condition
(n) Blow-out preventer control systems
(o) Well control systems
(p) Dynamic positioning systems
(q) Ventilation systems necessary to maintain a safe atmosphere
(r) Elevating (jacking) systems
(s) Ballast control systems (on column stabilized units)
TABLE 4
Secondary Essential Services
(a) Windlass
(b) Fuel oil transfer pumps and fuel oil treatment equipment
(c) Lubrication oil transfer pumps and lubrication oil treatment equipment
(d) Pre-heaters for heavy fuel oil
(e) Starting air and control air compressors
(f) Bilge, ballast and heeling pumps
(g) Fire pumps and other fire extinguishing medium pumps
(h) Ventilating fans for engine and boiler rooms
(i) Navigation lights, aids and signals
(j) Internal communication equipment required by 4-3-2/15
(k) Fire and gas detection and alarm system
(l) Lighting system
(m) Electrical equipment for watertight and fire-tight closing appliances
(n) Electric generators and associated power sources supplying secondary essential equipment
(o) Hydraulic pumps supplying secondary essential equipment
(p) Control, monitoring and safety devices/systems of equipment for secondary essential services
(q) Inerting systems
(r) Ambient temperature control equipment required by 4-3-1/17.3
(s) Watertight Doors (see 3-3-2/5)
6 ABS RULES FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING MOBILE OFFSHORE UNITS . 2018
PART Section 2: Machinery and Equipment
4
CHAPTER 1 Machinery, Equipment and Systems
1 Prime Movers
1.1 Application
Prime movers (diesel engines, gas turbines, steam turbines) having a rated power of 100 kW (135 hp) and
over, intended for essential services (see 4-1-1/3.5) or for services related to additional optional notations
requested for the unit, are to be designed, constructed, tested, certified and installed in accordance with the
requirements of Part 4, Chapter 2 of the ABS Rules for Building and Classing Marine Vessels (Marine
Vessel Rules). Automatic air intake shut-off valves or equivalent arrangements are to be provided in
accordance with 4-1-2/1.3.
Prime movers having a rated power of less than 100 kW (135 hp) are not required to comply with the
provisions of Part 4, Chapter 2 of the Marine Vessel Rules, but are to be designed, constructed and
equipped in accordance with good commercial and marine practice. Acceptance of such engines will be
based on manufacturer’s affidavit, verification of engine nameplate data, and subject to a satisfactory
performance test after installation conducted in the presence of the Surveyor. Automatic air intake shut-off
valves or equivalent arrangements are to be provided in accordance with 4-1-2/1.3.
Prime movers having a rated power of 100 kW (135 hp) and over, intended for services not considered
essential (see 4-1-1/3.5) and not related to additional optional notations requested for the unit, are not required to
be designed, constructed and certified by ABS in accordance with the requirements of Part 4, Chapter 2 of
the Marine Vessel Rules. However, they are to comply with safety features, such as crankcase explosion
relief valve, overspeed protection, etc., as provided in 4-2-1/7 of the Marine Vessel Rules, as applicable. After
installation, they are subject to a satisfactory performance test conducted in the presence of the Surveyor.
Automatic air intake shut-off valves or equivalent arrangements are to be provided in accordance with
4-1-2/1.3.
ABS RULES FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING MOBILE OFFSHORE UNITS . 2018 7
Part 4 Machinery and Systems
Chapter 1 Machinery, Equipment and Systems
Section 2 Machinery and Equipment 4-1-2
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PART Chapter 2: Pumps and Piping Systems
4
CHAPTER 2 Pumps and Piping Systems
CONTENTS
SECTION 1 General .................................................................................................. 15
1 General Requirements ...................................................................... 15
1.1 Damage Stability ........................................................................... 15
1.3 Segregation of Piping Systems ..................................................... 15
3 Definitions ......................................................................................... 16
3.1 Piping ............................................................................................ 16
3.3 Piping System ............................................................................... 16
3.5 Piping Components ....................................................................... 16
3.7 Pipes ............................................................................................. 16
3.9 Pipe Schedule ............................................................................... 16
3.11 Tubes ............................................................................................ 16
3.13 Pipe Fittings................................................................................... 16
3.15 Valves............................................................................................ 16
3.17 Design Pressure of Components ................................................... 16
3.19 Maximum Working Pressure ......................................................... 16
3.21 Maximum Allowable Working Pressure ......................................... 17
3.23 Design Temperature ...................................................................... 17
3.25 Maximum Working Temperature ................................................... 17
3.27 Flammable Fluids .......................................................................... 17
3.29 Toxic Fluids ................................................................................... 17
3.31 Corrosive Fluids ............................................................................ 17
5 Classes of Piping Systems ............................................................... 17
7 Plans and Data to Be Submitted ....................................................... 19
7.1 Plans ............................................................................................. 19
7.3 All Piping Systems ......................................................................... 19
7.5 Booklet of Standard Details ........................................................... 19
9 Material Tests and Inspection ........................................................... 20
9.1 Specifications and Purchase Orders ............................................. 20
9.3 Special Materials ........................................................................... 20
11 General Installation Details ............................................................... 20
11.1 Protection ...................................................................................... 20
11.3 Pipes Near Switchboards .............................................................. 20
11.5 Expansion or Contraction Stresses ............................................... 20
11.7 Molded Expansion Joints............................................................... 20
11.9 Metallic Bellow Type Expansion Joints .......................................... 21
11.11 Pipe Joints ..................................................................................... 21
11.13 Mechanical Joints .......................................................................... 21
11.15 Bulkhead, Deck or Tank-Top Penetrations .................................... 21
ABS RULES FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING MOBILE OFFSHORE UNITS . 2018 9
11.17 Collision-bulkhead Penetrations .................................................... 21
11.19 Sluice Valves and Cocks ............................................................... 22
11.21 Relief Valves .................................................................................. 22
11.23 Common Overboard Discharge ..................................................... 22
11.25 Remote Operation ......................................................................... 22
11.27 Instruments .................................................................................... 22
11.29 Flexible Hoses ............................................................................... 22
11.31 Control of Static Electricity ............................................................. 22
11.33 Leakage Containment.................................................................... 23
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13 Welded Nonstandard Valves and Fittings......................................... 41
15 Flanges ............................................................................................. 41
15.1 General.......................................................................................... 41
15.3 Class I and II Piping Flanges ......................................................... 41
15.5 Class III Piping Flanges ................................................................. 41
17 Material of Valves and Fittings .......................................................... 41
17.1 General.......................................................................................... 41
17.3 Forged or Cast Steel ..................................................................... 41
17.5 Cast Iron ........................................................................................ 41
17.7 Nonferrous..................................................................................... 42
17.9 Ductile (Nodular) Iron .................................................................... 42
19 Fluid Power Cylinders ....................................................................... 42
19.1 General.......................................................................................... 42
19.3 Non-compliance with a Recognized Standard ............................... 42
19.5 Materials ........................................................................................ 42
19.7 Rudder Actuators .......................................................................... 43
19.9 Cylinders below Pressures or Temperatures Indicated in
4-2-2/19.1 ...................................................................................... 43
19.11 Exemptions.................................................................................... 43
21 Sea Inlets and Overboard Discharges .............................................. 43
21.1 Installation ..................................................................................... 43
21.3 Valve Connections to Shell............................................................ 43
21.5 Materials ........................................................................................ 43
21.7 Shell Reinforcement ...................................................................... 43
21.9 Sea-Water Inlet and Discharge Valves .......................................... 44
21.11 Sea Chests .................................................................................... 44
23 Scuppers and Drains on Surface-Type and Self-Elevating Units ..... 44
23.1 Discharges through the Shell ........................................................ 44
23.3 Scuppers and Discharges below the Freeboard Deck – Shell
Penetration .................................................................................... 45
23.5 Scuppers from Superstructures or Deckhouses ............................ 45
25 Cooler Installations External to the Hull ............................................ 45
25.1 General.......................................................................................... 45
25.3 Integral Keel Cooler Installations ................................................... 45
25.5 Non-integral Keel Cooler Installations ........................................... 45
27 Penetrations through Watertight Boundaries .................................... 45
27.1 Ventilating Systems ....................................................................... 46
27.3 Internal Drain System .................................................................... 46
ABS RULES FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING MOBILE OFFSHORE UNITS . 2018 11
SECTION 3 Tank Vents and Overflows................................................................... 47
1 Tank Vents and Overflows ................................................................47
1.1 General .......................................................................................... 47
1.3 Progressive Flooding Consideration .............................................. 47
1.5 Height and Wall Thickness of Vent Pipes ...................................... 47
1.7 Size................................................................................................ 48
1.9 Termination of Vent Pipes ............................................................. 48
1.11 Overflow Pipes .............................................................................. 53
3 Sounding Arrangements ...................................................................53
3.1 General .......................................................................................... 53
3.3 Sounding Pipes ............................................................................. 53
3.5 Gauge Glasses .............................................................................. 54
3.7 Level Indicating Device .................................................................. 54
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9 Size of Bilge Suctions ....................................................................... 58
9.1 Surface-Type Units ........................................................................ 58
9.3 Column-Stabilized Units and Self-Elevating Units ......................... 59
11 Ballast Piping (All Units).................................................................... 59
11.1 General.......................................................................................... 59
11.3 Installation ..................................................................................... 59
11.5 Controls for Ballast Tank Valves ................................................... 59
11.7 Exceptions ..................................................................................... 59
11.9 Ballast Water Treatment Systems ................................................. 60
13 Ballasting Systems for Column-Stabilized Units ............................... 60
13.1 General.......................................................................................... 60
13.3 Manifolds ....................................................................................... 60
13.5 Pumps ........................................................................................... 60
13.7 Ballast Control Features ................................................................ 60
ABS RULES FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING MOBILE OFFSHORE UNITS . 2018 13
SECTION 6 Other Piping Systems and Tanks........................................................ 70
1 Lubricating-oil Systems .....................................................................70
1.1 General .......................................................................................... 70
1.3 Sight Flow Glasses ........................................................................ 70
1.5 Turbines and Reduction Gears ...................................................... 70
1.7 Internal Combustion Engines and Reduction Gears ...................... 70
1.9 Electrical Machinery....................................................................... 71
3 Hydraulic Systems ............................................................................71
3.1 General .......................................................................................... 71
3.3 Valves ............................................................................................ 71
3.5 Piping............................................................................................. 71
3.7 Pipe Fittings ................................................................................... 72
3.9 Flexible Hoses ............................................................................... 72
3.11 Accumulators ................................................................................. 72
3.13 Fluid Power Cylinders .................................................................... 72
3.15 Design Pressure ............................................................................ 72
3.17 Segregation of High Pressure Hydraulic Units ............................... 72
5 Fixed Oxygen-Acetylene Installations...............................................72
5.1 Application ..................................................................................... 72
5.3 Gas Storage .................................................................................. 73
5.5 Piping System Components .......................................................... 73
7 Fuel Storage for Helicopter Facilities ................................................74
7.1 General .......................................................................................... 74
7.3 Spill Containment........................................................................... 75
9 Starting-air Systems..........................................................................75
9.1 Design and Construction ............................................................... 75
9.3 Starting-air Capacity ...................................................................... 76
9.5 Protective Devices for Starting-air Mains ....................................... 76
11 Cooling-water Systems for Internal Combustion Engines ................77
11.1 General .......................................................................................... 77
11.3 Sea Suctions ................................................................................. 77
11.5 Strainers ........................................................................................ 77
11.7 Circulating Water Pumps ............................................................... 77
13 Exhaust System ................................................................................77
13.1 Exhaust Lines ................................................................................ 77
13.3 Exhaust Gas Temperature ............................................................. 77
13.5 Exhaust Emission Abatement Systems ......................................... 77
15 Valves in Atomizing Lines .................................................................77
17 Helicopter Deck Drainage Arrangements .........................................78
19 Boilers and Associated Piping ..........................................................78
21 Steering Gear Piping.........................................................................78
23 Gas Turbine Piping ...........................................................................78
25 Raw Water System for Self-Elevating Units in Elevated
Condition ...........................................................................................78
25.1 General .......................................................................................... 78
25.3 Raw Water Tower .......................................................................... 78
25.5 Leg Well Suction ............................................................................ 78
25.7 Hose Reel ...................................................................................... 79
14 ABS RULES FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING MOBILE OFFSHORE UNITS . 2018
PART Section 1: General
4
CHAPTER 2 Pumps and Piping Systems
SECTION 1 General
1 General Requirements
Piping systems are to be in accordance with the applicable requirements of this Section. Piping systems
used solely for specific operations associated with class notations and complying with a recognized
standard need not be in accordance with these Rules. All piping systems are to be installed and tested in
accordance with the Rules or recognized standards to the satisfaction of the attending Surveyor.
FIGURE 1
Typical Drain Connection
Hazardous Area
Non-Hazardous Area
760 mm
(30 inches)
ABS RULES FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING MOBILE OFFSHORE UNITS . 2018 15
Part 4 Machinery and Systems
Chapter 2 Pumps and Piping Systems
Section 1 General 4-2-1
3 Definitions
3.1 Piping
The term Piping refers to assemblies of piping components and pipe supports.
3.7 Pipes
Pipes are pressure-tight cylinders used to contain and convey fluids. Where the word ‘pipe’ is used in this
section, it means pipes conforming to materials and dimensions as indicated in Sections 2-3-12, 2-3-13,
2-3-16, and 2-3-17 of the ABS Rules for Materials and Welding (Part 2), or equivalent national standards
such as ASTM, BS, DIN, JIS, etc.
3.11 Tubes
Tubes are generally small-diameter thin-wall pipes conforming to an appropriate national standard. Tubes
are to meet the same general requirements as pipes.
3.15 Valves
The term Valve refers to gate valves, globe valves, butterfly valves, etc., which are used to control the flow
of fluids in a piping system. For the purpose of these Rules, test cocks, drain cocks and other similar
components which perform the same function as valves are considered valves.
16 ABS RULES FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING MOBILE OFFSHORE UNITS . 2018
Part 4 Machinery and Systems
Chapter 2 Pumps and Piping Systems
Section 1 General 4-2-1
ABS RULES FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING MOBILE OFFSHORE UNITS . 2018 17
Part 4 Machinery and Systems
Chapter 2 Pumps and Piping Systems
Section 1 General 4-2-1
TABLE 1
Classes of Piping Systems
Pressure
Class I
P2
Class II
P1
Class III
T1 T2 Temperature
18 ABS RULES FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING MOBILE OFFSHORE UNITS . 2018
Part 4 Machinery and Systems
Chapter 2 Pumps and Piping Systems
Section 1 General 4-2-1
7.1 Plans
Before proceeding with the work, plans are to be submitted, as applicable, showing clearly the
diagrammatic details or arrangement of the following.
• General arrangement of pumps and piping
• Sanitary system
• Bilge and ballast systems
• Compressed air systems
• Essential control-air systems
• Vent, sounding and overflow pipes
• Fuel-oil filling, transfer and service systems
• Boiler-feed systems
• Steam and exhaust piping
• Lubricating-oil systems
• Hydraulic power piping systems
• Essential sea-water and fresh-water service systems
• Starting-air systems
• Fire-main and fire-extinguishing systems (see Part 5, Chapter 2)
• Steering-gear piping systems
• Systems conveying toxic liquids, low flash point below 60°C (140°F) liquids or flammable gas.
• Exhaust piping for internal combustion engines and boilers
• All Class I and Class II piping systems not covered above, except for those which form part of an
independently manufactured unit.
• A description of the bilge, ballast and drainage systems
• A description of the ballast control system for column-stabilized units
• A description and diagrammatic plans of all piping systems used solely for the drilling operations,
including their cross connections, where applicable with other non-drilling related systems.
ABS RULES FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING MOBILE OFFSHORE UNITS . 2018 19
Part 4 Machinery and Systems
Chapter 2 Pumps and Piping Systems
Section 1 General 4-2-1
11.1 Protection
Reference is made to 7-1-3/11.3.
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Part 4 Machinery and Systems
Chapter 2 Pumps and Piping Systems
Section 1 General 4-2-1
11.7.2(c) The expansion joints are to pass the fire resistant test specified in 4-2-1/11.7.3, below.
11.7.2(d) The expansion joints are to be permanently marked with the manufacturer’s name and
the month and year of manufacture.
11.7.3 Fire Resistant Test
In order for a molded expansion joint of composite construction utilizing metallic material, as
referenced in 4-2-1/11.7.2, to be considered fire-resistant, a prototype of the molded expansion
joint is to be subjected to a fire test for at least 30 minutes at a temperature of not less than 800°C
(1472°F) while water at or above the maximum working pressure is circulated inside. The
temperature of the water at the outlets is not to be less than 80°C (176°F) during the test. The tested
molded expansion joint is to be complete with end fittings, and no leakage is to be recorded during
or after the test. In lieu of maximum working pressure, the fire test may be conducted with the
circulating water at a pressure of at least 5 bar (5.1 kgf/cm2, 72.5 lb/in2), and with a subsequent
pressure test to twice the design pressure. This test may be performed in accordance with ISO
15540 and ISO 15541.
ABS RULES FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING MOBILE OFFSHORE UNITS . 2018 21
Part 4 Machinery and Systems
Chapter 2 Pumps and Piping Systems
Section 1 General 4-2-1
11.27 Instruments
11.27.1 Temperature
Thermometers and other temperature sensing devices registering through pressure boundaries are
to be provided with instrument wells to allow for instrument removal without impairing the integrity
of the pressurized system. Fuel oil tanks are to be provided with similar protection.
11.27.2 Pressure
Pressure sensing devices are to be provided with valve arrangements to allow for instrument isolation
and removal without impairing the pressurized systems’ integrity.
22 ABS RULES FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING MOBILE OFFSHORE UNITS . 2018
Part 4 Machinery and Systems
Chapter 2 Pumps and Piping Systems
Section 1 General 4-2-1
ABS RULES FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING MOBILE OFFSHORE UNITS . 2018 23
PART Section 2: Pumps, Pipes, Valves, and Fittings
4
CHAPTER 2 Pumps and Piping Systems
1 General
5 Metallic Pipes
5.1.3 Fuel-Oil-Pipe
Steel piping is required for fuel-oil lines and for all pipes passing through fuel-oil tanks.
24 ABS RULES FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING MOBILE OFFSHORE UNITS . 2018
Part 4 Machinery and Systems
Chapter 2 Pumps and Piping Systems
Section 2 Pumps, Pipes, Valves, and Fittings 4-2-2
5.7 Design
5.7.1 Design Pressure and Minimum Thickness
The design pressure and the minimum thickness of pipes are to be determined by the following
equations, due consideration being given to the reduction in thickness at the outer radius of bent pipes.
KS (t − C ) WD
W= t= +C
D − M (t − C ) KS + MW
where
K = 20 (200, 2)
W = design pressure, in bar (kgf/cm2, psi). See Note 1. (For feed and blow-off
piping, see 4-6-6/3.5, 4-6-6/3.15 and 4-6-6/5.3.1 of the Marine Vessel Rules).
t = minimum thickness of pipe, in mm (in.). See Note 5.
D = actual external diameter of pipe, in mm (in.)
S = maximum allowable fiber stress, in N/mm2 (kgf/mm2, psi), from 4-2-2/Table 1.
See Note 2.
M = factor from 4-2-2/Table 1
C = allowance for threading, grooving or mechanical strength.
= 1.65 (0.065 in.) for plain-end steel or wrought-iron pipe or tubing up
to 115 mm O.D. (4 in. N.P.S.). See Note 3.
= 0.00 mm (0.000 in.) for plain-end steel or wrought-iron pipe or tubing up
to 115 mm O.D. (4 in. N.P.S.) used for hydraulic
piping systems. See Note 3.
C = 0.00 mm (0.000 in.) for plain-end steel or wrought-iron pipe or tubing
115 mm O.D. (4 in. N.P.S.) and larger. See Note 3.
= 1.27 mm (0.05 in.) for all threaded pipe 17 mm O.D. (3/8 in.) and smaller.
= depth of thread h for all threaded pipe over 17 mm O.D. (3/8 in.). See Note 4.
= depth of groove for grooved pipe.
= 0.00 mm (0.000 in.) for plain-end nonferrous pipe or tubing. See Note 3.
Notes:
1 The value of W used in the equations is to be not less than 8.6 bar (8.8 kgf/cm2, 125 psi),
except that for suction and other low-pressure piping of nonferrous material, the actual
maximum working pressure may be applied if a suitable addendum is provided against
erosion and outside damage. However, in no case is the value of W to be less than
3.4 bar (3.5 kgf/cm2, 50 psi) for use in the equations.
ABS RULES FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING MOBILE OFFSHORE UNITS . 2018 25
Part 4 Machinery and Systems
Chapter 2 Pumps and Piping Systems
Section 2 Pumps, Pipes, Valves, and Fittings 4-2-2
2 Values of S for other materials are not to exceed the stress permitted by ASME B31.1,
“Code for Pressure Piping - Power Piping” for marine and utility systems and ASME
B31.3, “Code for Pressure Piping - Chemical Plant and Refinery Piping” for systems
used solely for drilling.
3 Plain-end pipe or tubing includes those joined by any method in which the wall
thickness is not reduced.
4 The depth of thread, h, may be determined by the equation h = 0.8/n, where n is the
number of threads per inch, or in metric units by the equation h = 0.8n, where n is
the number of mm per thread.
5 If pipe is ordered by its nominal wall thickness, the manufacturing tolerance on wall
thickness is to be taken into account.
26 ABS RULES FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING MOBILE OFFSHORE UNITS . 2018
Part 4 Machinery and Systems
Chapter 2 Pumps and Piping Systems
Section 2 Pumps, Pipes, Valves, and Fittings 4-2-2
TABLE 1
Allowable Stress Values S for Piping N/mm2 (kgf/mm2, psi)
Material Tensile Maximum Working Temperature
ABS Gr. Strength −29°C 372°C 399°C 427°C 455°C 483°C 510°C 538°C 566°C 593°C
ASTM Gr. N/mm2 (0°F) to 700°F 750°F 800°F 850°F 900°F 950°F 1000°F 1050°F 1100°F
Nominal kgf/mm2 344°C
Composition psi (650°F)
M 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.4 1.4 1.4
Gr.1 310 46.9 46.6
A53-FBW 31.5 4.78 4.75
45000 6800 6500
Gr. 2 330 70.3 68.3 62.8 53.1
A53-A, ERW 33.7 7.17 6.96 6.40 5.41
C, Mn 48000 10200 9900 9100 7700
Gr.2 330 82.8 80.6 73.7 62.1
A53-A, SML 33.7 8.44 8.22 7.52 6.33
C, Mn 48000 12000 11700 10700 9000
Gr.3 415 88.3 84.1 75.8 63.4
A53-B, ERW 42 9.0 8.58 7.73 6.47
C, Mn 60000 12800 12200 11000 9200
Gr.3 415 103.5 99.2 89.6 74.4
A53-B, SML 42 10.55 10.12 9.14 7.59
C, Mn 60000 15000 14400 13000 10800
Gr.4 330 82.8 80.7 73.7 62.1
A106-A 33.7 8.44 8.23 7.52 6.33
C, Mn, Si 48000 12000 11700 10700 9000
Gr.5 415 103.5 99.2 89.6 74.4
A106-B 42 10.55 10.12 9.14 7.59
C, Mn, Si 60000 15000 14400 13000 10800
Gr.6 380 95.1 95.1 95.1 93.1 90.3
A355-P1 39 9.70 9.70 9.70 9.49 9.21
1/2 Mo 55000 13800 13800 13800 13500 13100
Gr. 7 380 95.1 95.1 95.1 93.1 90.3 88.3 63.4 40.7
A335-P2 39 9.70 9.70 9.70 9.49 9.21 9.0 6.47 4.15
1/2 Cr 1/2 Mo 55000 13800 13800 13800 13500 13100 12800 9200 5900
Gr. 8 330 70.3 68.3 62.8 53.1
A135-A 33.7 7.17 6.96 6.40 5.41
48000 10200 9900 9100 7700
Gr. 9 415 88.3 84.1 75.8 63.4
A135-B 42 9.0 8.58 7.73 6.47
60000 12800 12200 11000 9200
Gr.11 415 103.5 103.5 103.5 103.5 99.2 90.3 75.8 45.4 28.2 20.7
A335-P11 42, 10.55, 10.55, 10.55, 10.55, 10.12, 9.21, 7.73, 4-64, 2.88, 2.11,
1-1/4 Cr 1/2 60000 15000 15000 15000 15000 14400 13100 11000 6600 4100 3000
Mo
Gr. 12 415 103.5 103.5 103.5 101.7 91.9 90.3 75.8 45.5 28.2 19.3
A335-P12 42 10.55 10.55 10.55 10.37 9.98 9.21 7.73 4.64 2.88 1.97
1 Cr 1/2 Mo 60000 15000 15000 15000 14750 14200 13100 11000 6600 4100 2800
Gr. 13 415 103.5 103.5 103.5 103.5 99.2 90.3 75.8 53.7 35.9 28.9
A335-P22 42 10.55 10.55 10.55 10.55 10.12 9.21, 7.73 5.48 3.66 2.95
2-1/4 Cr 1 Mo 60000 15000 15000 15000 15000 14400 13100 11000 7800 5200 4200
Notes:
1 Intermediate values of S and M may be determined by interpolation.
2 For grades of pipe other than those given in this Table, S values may be obtained from ANSI/ASME B31.1 Code
for Pressure Piping.
3 Consideration to be given to the possibility of graphite formation in the following steels: Carbon steel above 427°C
(800°F); carbon-molybdenum steel above 468°C (875°F); chrome-molybdenum steel (with chromium under
0.60%) above 524°C (975°F).
4 For low temperature service, see 2-3-2/9 and Section 2-3-13 of the ABS Rules for Materials and Welding (Part 2).
ABS RULES FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING MOBILE OFFSHORE UNITS . 2018 27
Part 4 Machinery and Systems
Chapter 2 Pumps and Piping Systems
Section 2 Pumps, Pipes, Valves, and Fittings 4-2-2
7 Plastic Pipes
7.1 General
Pipes and piping components made of thermoplastic or thermosetting plastic materials, with or without
reinforcement, may be used in piping systems referred to in 4-2-2/Table 2, subject to compliance with the
following requirements. For the purpose of these Rules, “plastic” means both thermoplastic and thermosetting
plastic materials, with or without reinforcement, such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and fiber reinforced
plastics (FRP). Plastic includes synthetic rubber and materials of similar thermo/mechanical properties.
28 ABS RULES FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING MOBILE OFFSHORE UNITS . 2018
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Chapter 2 Pumps and Piping Systems
Section 2 Pumps, Pipes, Valves, and Fittings 4-2-2
7.5 Design
7.5.1 Internal Pressure
A pipe is to be designed for an internal pressure not less than the maximum working pressure of
the system in which it will be used. The maximum internal pressure, Pint, for a pipe is to be the
lesser of the following:
Psth Plth
p int = or p int =
4 2.5
where
Psth = short-term hydrostatic test failure pressure
Plth = long-term hydrostatic test failure pressure (> 100,000 hours)
The hydrostatic tests are to be carried out under the following standard conditions:
Atmospheric pressure = 1 bar (1 kgf/cm2, 14.5 psi)
Relative humidity = 30%
Fluid temperature = 25°C (77°F)
The hydrostatic test failure pressure may be verified experimentally or determined by a combination
of testing and calculation methods which are to be submitted to ABS for approval.
7.5.2 External Pressure
External pressure is to be considered for any installation which may be subject to vacuum conditions
inside of the pipe or a head of liquid on the outside of the pipe. A pipe is to be designed for an
external pressure not less than the sum of the pressure imposed by the maximum potential head of
liquid outside of the pipe plus full vacuum, 1 bar (1 kgf/cm2, 14.5 psi), inside of the pipe. The
maximum external pressure for a pipe is to be determined by dividing the collapse test pressure by
a safety factor of three.
The collapse test failure pressure may be verified experimentally or determined by a combination
of testing and calculation methods, which are to be submitted to ABS for approval.
7.5.3 Axial Strength
7.5.3(a) The sum of the longitudinal stresses due to pressure, weight and other dynamic and
sustained loads is not to exceed the allowable stress in the longitudinal direction. Forces due to
thermal expansion, contraction and external loads, where applicable, are to be considered when
determining longitudinal stresses in the system.
7.5.3(b) In the case of fiber reinforced plastic pipes, the sum of the longitudinal stresses is not to
exceed one-half of the nominal circumferential stress derived from the maximum internal pressure
determined according to 4-2-2/7.5.1, unless the minimum allowable longitudinal stress is verified
experimentally or by a combination of testing and calculation methods.
7.5.4 Temperature
The design temperature of a pipe is to be in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations,
but in each case it is to be at least 20°C (36°F) lower than the minimum heat distortion temperature
of the pipe material determined according to ISO 75 method A or equivalent. The minimum heat
distortion temperature is not to be less than 80°C (176°F). This minimum heat distortion temperature
requirement is not applicable to pipes and pipe components made of thermoplastic materials, such
as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polybutylene (PB) and intended for non-essential services.
Where low temperature services are considered, special attention is to be given with respect to
material properties.
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Chapter 2 Pumps and Piping Systems
Section 2 Pumps, Pipes, Valves, and Fittings 4-2-2
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Chapter 2 Pumps and Piping Systems
Section 2 Pumps, Pipes, Valves, and Fittings 4-2-2
Alternatively, flame spread testing in accordance with ASTM D635 may be used in lieu of the
IMO flame spread test, provided such test is acceptable to the Administration.
7.5.7(b) Multi-core Metallic Tubes Sheathed by Plastic Materials. The multi-core tubes in
“bundles” made of stainless steel or copper tubes covered by an outer sheath of plastic material are
to comply with the flammability test criteria of IEC 60332-3-22 or 60332-3-21, for Category A or
A F/R, respectively. Alternatively, the tube bundles complying with at least the flammability test
criteria of 60332-1-2 or a test procedure equivalent thereto are acceptable provided they are
installed in compliance with approved fire stop arrangements.
7.5.8 Electrical Conductivity
7.5.8(a) Piping conveying fluids with a conductivity less than 1000 pico siemens per meter are to
be electrically conductive.
7.5.8(b) Regardless of the fluid being conveyed, plastic pipes are to be electrically conductive if
the piping passes through a hazardous area.
7.5.8(c) Where electrically conductive pipe is required, reference is made to 7-1-3/13.5.3iv) for
maximum values of electric resistance.
7.5.8(d) If the pipes and fittings are not homogeneously conductive, the conductive layers are to
be protected against the possibility of spark damage to the pipe wall.
7.5.9 Marking
Reference is made to 7-1-3/13.5.
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Section 2 Pumps, Pipes, Valves, and Fittings 4-2-2
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Chapter 2 Pumps and Piping Systems
Section 2 Pumps, Pipes, Valves, and Fittings 4-2-2
7.13 Tests by the Manufacturer – Fire Endurance Testing of Plastic Piping in the Dry
Condition (For Level 1 and Level 2)
7.13.1 Test Method
7.13.1(a) The specimen is to be subjected to a furnace test with fast temperature increase similar
to that likely to occur in a fully developed liquid hydrocarbon fire. The time/temperature is to be
as follows:
Temperature
Time °C °F
At the end of 5 minutes 945 1733
At the end of 10 minutes 1033 1891
At the end of 15 minutes 1071 1960
At the end of 30 minutes 1098 2008
At the end of 60 minutes 1100 2012
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Section 2 Pumps, Pipes, Valves, and Fittings 4-2-2
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Chapter 2 Pumps and Piping Systems
Section 2 Pumps, Pipes, Valves, and Fittings 4-2-2
FIGURE 1
Fire Endurance Test Burner Assembly
50
90 +
+ 70
70 +
+ 70
70 +
420
+ 70
70 + 32
+ 70
70 + 85
+ 90
50
20 60 20 100
100
a) Top View b) Side View of
one Burner
FIGURE 2
Fire Endurance Test Stand With Mounted Sample
1500 ± 100
800 ± 50
125 ± 10
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Section 2 Pumps, Pipes, Valves, and Fittings 4-2-2
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Part 4 Machinery and Systems
Chapter 2 Pumps and Piping Systems
Section 2 Pumps, Pipes, Valves, and Fittings 4-2-2
TABLE 2
Fire Endurance Requirements Matrix
LOCATION
PIPING SYSTEMS A B C D E F G H
FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS
1 Oil [flash point ≤ 60°C (140°F)] NA NA 0 NA 0 0 NA L1 (2)
2 Fuel oil [flash point > 60°C (140°F)] X X NA 0 0 0 L1 L1
3 Lubricating oil X X NA NA NA 0 L1 L1
4 Hydraulic oil X X 0 0 0 0 L1 L1
SEA WATER (See Note 1)
5 Bilge main and branches L1 L1 NA 0 0 0 NA L1
6 Fire main and water spray L1 L1 NA NA 0 0 X L1
7 Foam system L1W L1W NA NA NA 0 L1W L1W
8 Sprinkler system L1W L1W NA NA 0 0 L3 L3
9 Ballast L3 L3 0 0 0 0 L2W L2W
10 Cooling water, essential services L3 L3 NA NA 0 0 NA L2W
11 Non-essential systems 0 0 NA 0 0 0 0 0
FRESH WATER
12 Cooling water, essential services L3 L3 NA 0 0 0 L3 L3
13 Condensate return L3 L3 NA NA NA 0 0 0
14 Non-essential systems 0 0 NA 0 0 0 0 0
SANITARY/DRAINS/SCUPPERS
15 Deck drains (internal) L1W(3) L1W(3) NA 0 0 0 0 0
16 Sanitary drains (internal) 0 0 NA 0 0 0 0 0
(1,5) (1,5) (1,5)
17 Scuppers and discharges (overboard) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
VENTS/SOUNDING
18 Water tanks/dry spaces 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
19 Oil tanks [flash point > 60°C (140°F)] X X X 0 0 0 X X
20 Oil tanks [flash point ≤ 60°C (140°F)] NA NA 0 NA 0 0 NA X
MISCELLANEOUS
21 Control air L1 (4) L1 (4) NA 0 0 0 L1 (4) L1 (4)
22 Service air (non-essential) 0 0 NA 0 0 0 0 0
23 Brine 0 0 NA NA NA 0 0 0
24 Auxiliary low pressure steam L2 L2 0 0 0 0 0 (6) 0 (6)
(Pressure ≤ 7 bar (7 kgf/cm2, 100 psi)
Locations Abbreviations
A Category A machinery spaces L1 Fire endurance test in dry conditions, 60 minutes in
B Other machinery spaces accordance with 4-2-2/7.13
C Oil tanks [flashpoint ≤ 60°C (140°F)] L2 Fire endurance test in dry conditions, 30 minutes, in
D Fuel oil tanks [flashpoint > 60°C (140°F)] accordance with 4-2-2/7.13
E Ballast water tanks L3 Fire endurance test in wet conditions, 30 minutes, in
F Cofferdams, void spaces, pipe tunnels and ducts accordance with 4-2-2/7.15
G Accommodation, service and control spaces 0 No fire endurance test required
H Open decks NA Not applicable
X Metallic materials having a melting point greater than
925°C (1700°F).
ABS RULES FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING MOBILE OFFSHORE UNITS . 2018 37
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Section 2 Pumps, Pipes, Valves, and Fittings 4-2-2
TABLE 2 (continued)
Fire Endurance Requirements Matrix
Notes:
1 Where nonmetallic piping is used, remotely controlled valves are to be provided at the unit’s side. These valves are
to be controlled from outside of the space.
2 Remote closing valves are to be provided at the tanks.
3 For drains serving only the space concerned, “0” may replace “L1W”.
4 When controlling functions are not required by statutory requirements, “0” may replace “L1”.
5 Scuppers serving open decks in positions 1 and 2, as defined in Regulation 13 of the International Convention on
Load Lines, 1966, are to be “X” throughout unless fitted at the upper end with the means of closing capable of
being operated from a position above the freeboard deck in order to prevent downflooding.
6 For essential services, such as fuel oil tank heating and whistle, “X” is to replace “0”.
TABLE 3
Standards for Plastic Pipes – Typical Requirements for All Systems
Test Typical Standard Notes
(1)
1 Internal pressure 4-2-2/7.5.1 Top, Middle, Bottom (of each pressure range)
ASTM D 1599, Tests are to be carried out on pipe spools
ASTM D 2992 made of different pipe sizes, fittings and
pipe connections.
ISO 15493 or equivalent
2 External pressure (1) 4-2-2/7.5.2 As above, for straight pipes only.
ISO 15493 or equivalent
3 Axial strength (1) 4-2-2/7.5.3 As above.
4 Load deformation ASTM D 2412 or equivalent Top, Middle, Bottom (of each pressure
range)
5 Temperature limitations (1) 4-2-2/7.5.4 Each type of resin
ISO 75 Method A GRP piping system:
HDT test on each type of resin acc. to ISO
75 method A.
Thermoplastic piping systems:
ISO 75 Method AISO 306 Plastics –
Thermoplastic materials – Determination of
Vicat softening temperature (VST)
VICAT test according to ISO 2507
Polyesters with an HDT below 80°C should
not be used.
6 Impact resistance (1) 4-2-2/7.5.5 Representative sample of each type of
ISO 9854: 1994, ISO 9653: 1991 ISO 15493 construction
ASTM D 2444, or equivalent
7 Ageing Manufacturer's standard Each type of construction
ISO 9142:1990
8 Fatigue Manufacturer’s standard or service Each type of construction
experience.
9 Fluid absorption ISO 8361:1991
(2)
10 Material compatibility ASTM C581
Manufacturer’s standard
Notes:
1 Where the manufacturer does not have a certified quality system, test to be witnessed by the Surveyor. See 4-2-2/7.9.
2 If applicable.
38 ABS RULES FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING MOBILE OFFSHORE UNITS . 2018
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Chapter 2 Pumps and Piping Systems
Section 2 Pumps, Pipes, Valves, and Fittings 4-2-2
TABLE 4
Standards for Plastic Pipes – Additional Requirements Depending on Service
and/or Location of Piping
Test Typical Standard Notes
(1,2)
1 Fire endurance 4-2-2/7.5.6 Representative samples of each type of
construction and type of pipe connection.
2 Flame spread (1,2) 4-2-2/7.5.7 Representative samples of each type of
construction.
3 Smoke generation (2) IMO Fire Test Procedures Code Representative samples of each type of
construction.
4 Toxicity (2) IMO Fire Test Procedures Code Representative samples of each type of
construction.
5 Electrical conductivity (1,2) 4-2-2/7.5.8 Representative samples of each type of
ASTM F1173-95 or ASTM construction
D 257, NS 6126/ 11.2 or equivalent
Notes:
1 Where the manufacturer does not have a certified quality system, test to be witnessed by the Surveyor. See 4-2-2/7.9.
2 If applicable.
Note: Test items 1, 2 and 5 in 4-2-2/Table 4 are optional. However, if not carried out, the range of approved
applications for the pipes will be limited accordingly (see 4-2-2/Table 2).
9 Valves
9.1 General
9.1.1 Standard Valves
All valves constructed and tested in accordance with a recognized standard are acceptable to ABS,
subject to compliance with 4-2-2/9.5.
9.1.2 Non-Standard Valves
All other valves not certified by the manufacturer in accordance with a recognized standard are
subject to special consideration, and drawings of such valves showing details of construction and
materials are to be submitted for review, as well as basis for valve pressure rating, such as design
calculations or appropriate burst test data.
9.3 Construction
All valves are to close with a right hand (clockwise) motion of the handwheel when facing the end of the
stem and are to be either of the rising stem type or fitted with an indicator to show whether the valve is
open or closed.
All valves of Class I and II piping systems having nominal diameters exceeding 50 mm (2 in.) are to have
bolted, pressure seal or breech lock bonnets and flanged or welding ends. Welding ends are to be butt
welding type, except that socket welding ends may be used for valves having nominal diameters of 80 mm
(3 in.) or less. See 4-2-1/11.11.
All cast iron valves are to have bolted bonnets or are to be of the union bonnet type. For cast iron valves of
union bonnet type, the bonnet ring is to be of steel, bronze or malleable iron.
Stems, discs or disc faces, seats, and other wearing parts of valves are to be of corrosion-resistant materials
suitable for intended service.
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Chapter 2 Pumps and Piping Systems
Section 2 Pumps, Pipes, Valves, and Fittings 4-2-2
Valves are to be designed for the maximum working pressure to which they will be subjected. The design
pressure is to be at least 3.4 bar (3.5 kgf/cm2, 50 psi), except that valves used in open systems, such as vent
and drain lines, and valves mounted on atmospheric tanks which are not part of the tank suction or
discharge piping (for example, level gauge and drain cocks and valves in inert gas and vapor emission control
systems) may be designed for a pressure below 3.4 bar (3.5 kgf/cm2, 50 psi), subject to the requirements of
4-2-2/9.1. Large fabricated ballast manifolds which connect lines exceeding 200 mm (8 in.) nominal pipe
size may be specially considered when the maximum working pressure to which they will be subjected
does not exceed 1.7 bar (1.75 kgf/cm2, 25 psi).
All valves for Class I and II piping systems and valves intended for use in steam or oil lines are to be
constructed so that the stem is positively restrained from being screwed out of the body (bonnet). Plug
cocks, butterfly valves and valves employing resilient material will be subject to special consideration.
Valve operating systems for all valves which cannot be manually operated are to be submitted for approval.
11 Pipe Fittings
11.1 General
All fittings in Class I and II piping are to have flanged or welded ends in sizes over 89 mm O.D. (3 in.
N.P.S). Screwed fittings may be used in Class I and II piping systems, provided the maximum working
temperature does not exceed 496°C (925°F) and the maximum working pressure does not exceed the
maximum pressure indicated below for the pipe size.
Flared, flareless and compression fittings may be used for tube sizes not exceeding 60 mm O.D. (2 in. N.P.S.)
in Class I and II piping. In Class III piping, screwed fittings and flared, flareless and compression tube
fittings will be accepted without size limitations. Flared fittings are to be used for flammable fluid systems,
except that both flared and flareless fittings of the non-bite type may be used when the tubing system is of
steel or nickel-copper or copper-nickel alloys. Only flared fittings are to be used when tubing for flammable
fluid systems is of copper or copper-zinc alloys. See 4-2-6/3.7 for hydraulic systems. Bite type fittings are
not to be used for flammable fluid systems, unless such fittings are in compliance with a recognized
standard or design-approved by ABS. Refer to 4-6-2/Tables 10 and 11 of the Marine Vessel Rules.
40 ABS RULES FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING MOBILE OFFSHORE UNITS . 2018
Part 4 Machinery and Systems
Chapter 2 Pumps and Piping Systems
Section 2 Pumps, Pipes, Valves, and Fittings 4-2-2
15 Flanges
15.1 General
Flanges are to be designed and fabricated in accordance with a recognized national or international standard.
Slip-on flanges from flat plate may be substituted for hubbed slip-on flanges in Class III piping systems.
17.1 General
The physical characteristics of such material are to be in accordance with the applicable requirements of
Section 2-3-1 of the ABS Rules for Materials and Welding (Part 2) or such other appropriate material
specification as may be approved in connection with a particular design for the stresses and temperatures to
which they may be exposed. Manufacturers are to make physical tests of each melt and, upon request, are
to submit the results of such tests to ABS.
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Section 2 Pumps, Pipes, Valves, and Fittings 4-2-2
17.7 Nonferrous
Brass or bronze having the physical characteristics as specified in Section 2-3-1 of the ABS Rules for Materials
and Welding (Part 2) may be used in the construction of valves and fittings intended for temperatures up to
208°C (406°F). For temperatures greater than 208°C (406°F), but not in excess of 288°C (550°F), high-
temperature bronze is to be used and the chemical and physical characteristics are to be submitted for
approval. Valves, fittings and flanges made of nonferrous material may be attached to nonferrous pipe by an
approved soldering method. For pressures up to 6.9 bar (7 kgf/cm2, 100 psi) and temperatures not exceeding
93°C (200°F), ordinary solder may be used, but for higher pressures and temperatures, the method and the
quality of solder to be used will be subject to special consideration in each case.
19.1 General
Fluid power cylinders subject to pressures or temperatures greater than those indicated below are to be
designed, constructed and tested in accordance with a recognized standard for fluid power cylinders.
• Hydraulic fluid – flammable: 7 bar (7.1 kgf/cm2, 101.5 psi) or 60°C (140°F)
• Hydraulic fluid – non-flammable: 16 bar (16.3 kgf/cm2, 232 psi) or 200°C (392°F)
• Air: 16 bar (16.3 kgf/cm2, 232 psi) or 200°C (392°F)
Acceptance will be based on the manufacturer’s certification of compliance and on verification of permanent
identification on each cylinder bearing the manufacturer's name or trademark, standard of compliance and
design pressure and temperature.
19.5 Materials
i) The materials of the cylinders are to comply with the requirements of the standard or code to which
they are designed and constructed. Where the design is verified though burst tests, the materials of
the cylinder are to comply with 4-4-1/3 of the Marine Vessel Rules or other acceptable standards.
ii) Ordinary cast iron having an elongation of less than 12% is not to be used for cylinders expected
to be subjected to shock loading.
iii) Copies of certified mill test reports are to be made available to the Surveyor upon request.
42 ABS RULES FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING MOBILE OFFSHORE UNITS . 2018
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Chapter 2 Pumps and Piping Systems
Section 2 Pumps, Pipes, Valves, and Fittings 4-2-2
19.11 Exemptions
Fluid power cylinders that do not form part of the unit's piping systems covered in Part 4, Chapter 2 and
Part 6, Chapter 1 of these Rules are exempt from the requirements of 4-2-2/19. However, those fluid power
cylinders which are integrated into piping systems associated with optional classification notations are to
comply with the requirements of 4-2-2/19 and the applicable requirements specified in the pertinent ABS
Rules and Guides.
21.1 Installation
Piping connections bolted to the shell plating are to have the bolt heads countersunk on the outside and the
bolts threaded through the plating. Where a reinforcing ring of sufficient thickness is riveted or welded to
the inside of the shell, studs may be used.
Threaded connections outboard of the shell valves are not considered an acceptable method of connecting
pipe to the shell.
For intermediate nominal pipe sizes, the wall thicknesses are to be obtained by linear interpolation as follows:
For 65 < d < 150: 7 + 0.035 (d – 65) mm or 0.28 + 0.034 (d – 2.5) in.
For 150 < d < 200: 10 + 0.05 (d – 150) mm or 0.39 + 0.05 (d – 6.0) in.
21.5 Materials
All shell fittings and the valves required by 4-2-2/21.9 and 4-2-2/23 are to be of steel, bronze or other approved
ductile material. Valves of ordinary cast iron or similar material are not acceptable. The use of nodular
iron, also known as ductile iron or spheroidal-graphite iron, will be accepted, provided the material has an
elongation not less than 12%. All pipes to which this subsection refers are to be of steel or other equivalent
material, subject to special approval.
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Section 2 Pumps, Pipes, Valves, and Fittings 4-2-2
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Section 2 Pumps, Pipes, Valves, and Fittings 4-2-2
23.1.2
Where that vertical distance from the summer load waterline to the inboard end of the discharge
pipe exceeds 0.02L, a single automatic non-return valve without positive means of closing may be
accepted provided it is located above the deepest load waterline. If this is impracticable, a locally
operated positive closing valve may be provided below the single non-return valve in which case
the non-return valve need not be located above the specified deepest load waterline. The means for
operating the positive-action valve is to be readily accessible and provided with an indicator showing
whether the valve is open or closed.
See 3-1-1/13 for definition of ‘freeboard deck’.
3-1-1/3 of the Marine Vessel Rules and 3-1-1/3 of the Barge Rules define L.
23.1.3
Where sanitary discharges and scuppers lead overboard through the shell in way of machinery
spaces, the fitting to shell of a locally operated positive closing valve, together with a non-return
valve inboard, will be acceptable
23.3 Scuppers and Discharges below the Freeboard Deck – Shell Penetration
Scuppers and discharge pipes originating at any level and penetrating the shell either more than 450 mm
(17.5 in.) below the freeboard deck or less than 600 mm (23.5 in.) above the summer load waterline are to
be provided with a non-return valve at the shell. This valve, unless required by 4-2-2/23.1, may be omitted
if the piping has a wall thickness at least equal to the thickness of the shell plating or extra-heavy pipe (see
4-2-1/3.9), whichever is less.
25.1 General
The inlet and discharge connections of external cooler installations are to be in accordance with 4-2-2/21.1,
4-2-2/21.3, 4-2-2/21.5 and 4-2-2/21.9, except that wafer type valves will be acceptable.
ABS RULES FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING MOBILE OFFSHORE UNITS . 2018 45
Part 4 Machinery and Systems
Chapter 2 Pumps and Piping Systems
Section 2 Pumps, Pipes, Valves, and Fittings 4-2-2
46 ABS RULES FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING MOBILE OFFSHORE UNITS . 2018
PART Section 3: Tank Vents and Overflows
4
CHAPTER 2 Pumps and Piping Systems
1.1 General
Except for comparatively small compartments that are not fitted with a fixed means of drainage, vent pipes
are to be fitted to all tanks, cofferdams, voids, tunnels and compartments which are not fitted with other
ventilation arrangements.
In all units, the structural arrangement in double-bottom and other tanks is to be such as to permit the free
passage of air and gases from all parts of the tanks to the vent pipes. Tanks having a comparatively small
surface, such as fuel-oil settling tanks, need to be fitted with only one vent pipe, while tanks having a
comparatively large surface are to be fitted with at least two vent pipes, one of which is to be located at the
highest part of the tank. Vent pipes are to be arranged to provide adequate drainage under normal conditions.
No shutoff valve or a closing device that can prevent the venting from a tank is to be installed in vent piping.
All vent and overflow pipes terminating in the weather are to be fitted with return bends (gooseneck), or
equivalent, and the vent outlet is to be provided with an automatic means of closure i.e., close automatically
upon submergence (e.g., ball float or equivalent), complying with 4-2-3/1.9.5.
ABS RULES FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING MOBILE OFFSHORE UNITS . 2018 47
Part 4 Machinery and Systems
Chapter 2 Pumps and Piping Systems
Section 3 Tank Vents and Overflows 4-2-3
The wall thicknesses of vent pipes where exposed to the weather are to be not less than that specified
below.
1.7 Size
The diameter of each vent pipe is not to be less than 38 mm (1.5 in.) I.D. for fresh-water tanks, 51 mm
(2 in.) I.D. for water-ballast tanks and 63 mm (2.5 in.) I.D. for oil tanks, unless specially approved otherwise.
Where tanks are to be filled by pump pressure, the aggregate area of the vents in the tank is to be at least
125% of the effective area of the filling line, except that when overflows are fitted, the area of the overflow
is to be at least 125% of the effective area of the filling line and the vents need not exceed the above
minimum sizes. Notwithstanding the above, the pump capacity and pressure head are to be considered in
the sizing of vents and overflows. When high capacity and/or high head pumps are used, calculations
demonstrating the adequacy of the vent and overflows are to be submitted.
48 ABS RULES FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING MOBILE OFFSHORE UNITS . 2018
Part 4 Machinery and Systems
Chapter 2 Pumps and Piping Systems
Section 3 Tank Vents and Overflows 4-2-3
ABS RULES FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING MOBILE OFFSHORE UNITS . 2018 49
Part 4 Machinery and Systems
Chapter 2 Pumps and Piping Systems
Section 3 Tank Vents and Overflows 4-2-3
50 ABS RULES FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING MOBILE OFFSHORE UNITS . 2018
Part 4 Machinery and Systems
Chapter 2 Pumps and Piping Systems
Section 3 Tank Vents and Overflows 4-2-3
A load of 3430 N (350 kgf, 770 lbf) is to be applied over one minute and maintained for
60 minutes. The deflection is to be measured at intervals of 10 minutes after attachment
of the full load.
The record of deflection against time is to show no continuing increase in deflection and,
after release of the load, there is to be no permanent deflection.
iv) Testing of Metallic Floats. The above described impact tests are to be carried out at room
temperature and in the dry condition.
FIGURE 1
Example of Normal Position
Opening
FIGURE 2
Example of Inclination 40 degrees Opening Facing Upward
Vertical
Opening
40 degrees
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Part 4 Machinery and Systems
Chapter 2 Pumps and Piping Systems
Section 3 Tank Vents and Overflows 4-2-3
FIGURE 3
Example of Inclination 40 degrees Opening Facing Downward
Vertical
Opening
40 degrees
FIGURE 4
Example of Inclination 40 degrees Opening Facing Sideways
Vertical
Opening
40 degrees
52 ABS RULES FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING MOBILE OFFSHORE UNITS . 2018
Part 4 Machinery and Systems
Chapter 2 Pumps and Piping Systems
Section 3 Tank Vents and Overflows 4-2-3
3 Sounding Arrangements
3.1 General
All tanks, except as noted below, are to be provided with separate sounding pipes or with approved tank-
level indicating apparatus. Where a tank-level indicating system is used, a supplementary manual means of
sounding is to be provided, where practicable, for tanks which are not always accessible.
In general, void compartments adjacent to the sea or to tanks containing liquids, and void compartments
through which piping carrying liquids pass are to be fitted with separate sounding pipes, approved tank
liquid level indicating apparatus, or be fitted with means to determine if the void tanks contain liquids.
Voids as defined above which do not comply with this requirement are to be accounted for in the unit’s
stability analysis. See 3-3-2/1.3.4.
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Part 4 Machinery and Systems
Chapter 2 Pumps and Piping Systems
Section 3 Tank Vents and Overflows 4-2-3
i) The sounding pipes terminate in locations remote from ignition hazards or effective
precautions such as shielding are taken to prevent fuel oil spillage from coming into contact
with a source of ignition;
ii) The terminations of sounding pipes are fitted with quick-acting, self-closing gate valves
and with a small-diameter self-closing test cock or equivalent located below the gate valve
for the purpose of ascertaining that fuel oil is not present before the gate valve is opened.
Provisions are to be made so as to prevent spillage of fuel oil through the test cock from
creating an ignition hazard.
iii) An oil level gauge is provided. However, short sounding pipes may be used for tanks
other than double bottom tanks without the additional closed level gauge, provided an
overflow system is fitted, see 4-2-3/1.11.
3.3.3(b) Lubricating Oil Tanks. Sounding pipes from lubricating oil tanks may terminate in
machinery spaces provided that the following are met:
i) The sounding pipes are to terminate in locations remote from the ignition hazards, or
effective precautions, such as shielding, are taken to prevent oil spillage from coming into
contact with a source of ignition.
ii) The termination of sounding pipes is fitted with a quick-acting self-closing gate valve.
Alternatively, for lubricating oil tanks that cannot be filled by a pump, the sounding pipes
may be fitted with an appropriate means of closure such as a shut-off valve or a screw cap
attached by chain to the pipe.
54 ABS RULES FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING MOBILE OFFSHORE UNITS . 2018
PART Section 4: Bilge and Ballast Systems and Tanks
4
CHAPTER 2 Pumps and Piping Systems
1.1 General
A satisfactory pumping plant is to be provided in all units capable of pumping from and draining any
compartment when the unit is on an even keel and either upright or listed 5 degrees. For this purpose, wing
suctions will often be necessary, except in narrow compartments at the ends of the unit. Arrangements are
to be made whereby water in the compartment will drain to the suction pipes. Efficient means are to be
provided for draining water from all tank tops and other watertight flats. Peak tanks and comparatively
small compartments, such as chain lockers, echo sounder spaces and decks over peak tanks, etc., may be
drained by ejectors or hand pumps. Where ejectors are used for this purpose, the overboard discharge
arrangements are to comply with 4-2-2/23. See also 3-2-4/17.3 of the Marine Vessel Rules. For cases
where a suction line is led through the forepeak bulkhead, see 4-2-1/11.17.
Note: For the purpose of this Section, comparatively small compartments are those which comply with
the following criteria:
a) The volume of the compartment is not to exceed
(L B D)/1000
where L, B and D as defined in 4-2-4/9.1.2; and
b) The wetted surface of the compartment, excluding stiffening members, when its volume
is half-filled with water is not to exceed 100 m2 (1076 ft2)
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Part 4 Machinery and Systems
Chapter 2 Pumps and Piping Systems
Section 4 Bilge and Ballast Systems and Tanks 4-2-4
The emergency bilge line is to be provided with a suction stop-check valve, which is to be so located as to
enable rapid operation and a suitable overboard discharge line. For the emergency bilge inlet, the distance
between the open end of the suction inlet and the tank top is to be adequate to allow a full flow of water.
The hand wheel of emergency bilge suction valve is to be positioned not less than 460 mm (18 in.) above
the floor plates.
In addition, the following arrangements are also to be complied with, as applicable:
i) For internal-combustion-engine propulsion machinery spaces, the area of the emergency bilge suction
pipe is to be equal to the full suction inlet of the pump selected.
ii) For steam propulsion machinery spaces, the main cooling water circulating pump is to be the first
choice for the emergency bilge suction , in which case, the diameter of the emergency bilge suction
is to be at least two-thirds the diameter of the cooling water pump suction.
5.1 General
The arrangement of the bilge pumping system is to be such as to prevent the possibility of water or oil
passing into the machinery spaces, or from one compartment to another, whether from the sea, water
ballast or oil tanks. The bilge mains are to have separate control valves at the pumps.
5.3 Installation
Bilge pipes passing through compartments intended for the carriage of oil are to be of either steel or
wrought iron. Where bilge pipes pass through deep tanks, means are to be provided to prevent the flooding
of other spaces in the event of a pipe breaking or joint leaking in the tanks. Such means may consist of an
oiltight or watertight tunnel, or making the lines of Extra-Heavy steel pipe (see 4-2-1/3.9) properly
installed to take care of expansion and having all joints within the tank welded or heavy flanged joints
(e.g., one pressure rating higher). The number of flanged joints is to be kept to a minimum. When a tunnel
is not employed and the line runs through a deep tank, bilge pipes are to have non-return valves fitted at
the open ends.
56 ABS RULES FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING MOBILE OFFSHORE UNITS . 2018
Part 4 Machinery and Systems
Chapter 2 Pumps and Piping Systems
Section 4 Bilge and Ballast Systems and Tanks 4-2-4
5.9 Strainers
Bilge lines in machinery spaces other than emergency suctions are to be fitted with strainers easily accessible
from the floor plates and are to have straight tail pipes to the bilges. The ends of bilge lines in other
compartments are to be fitted with suitable strainers having an open area of not less than three times the area
of the suction pipe. In addition, strainers are to be fitted in accessible positions between the bilge manifolds
and the pumps.
5.15 Exceptions
The bilge arrangements of units intended for restricted or special services will be specially considered in
each case.
7.1 General
Sanitary, ballast and general-service pumps may be accepted as independent power bilge pumps, provided
they are of the required capacity and are fitted with stop valves so that when a pump is used for one service,
the other services can be isolated. Where centrifugal pumps are installed, suitable means for priming are
to be provided.
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Part 4 Machinery and Systems
Chapter 2 Pumps and Piping Systems
Section 4 Bilge and Ballast Systems and Tanks 4-2-4
where
d = internal diameter of pipe, in mm (in.)
L = length of unit, in m (ft)
B = breadth of unit, in m (ft)
D = molded depth to bulkhead or freeboard deck, in m (ft)
c = length of compartment, in m (ft)
L, B, and D are defined in Section 3-1-1 of the Marine Vessel Rules for ship-type units and
Section 3-1-1 of the Barge Rules for barge-type units.
Note: For comparatively small compartments as defined in 4-2-4/1.1, the equation in 4-2-4/9.3.2 may be used
as an alternative in the calculation of the required size of branch lines.
58 ABS RULES FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING MOBILE OFFSHORE UNITS . 2018
Part 4 Machinery and Systems
Chapter 2 Pumps and Piping Systems
Section 4 Bilge and Ballast Systems and Tanks 4-2-4
11.1 General
The arrangement of the ballast pumping system is to be such as to prevent the possibility of water or oil
passing into the machinery spaces, or from one compartment to another, whether from the sea, water ballast
or oil tanks. The ballast mains are to have separate control valves at the pumps.
11.3 Installation
Ballast pipes passing through compartments intended for the carriage of oil are to be either steel or wrought
iron. Where ballast pipes pass through deep tanks, means are to be provided to prevent the flooding of
other spaces in the event of a pipe breaking or joint leaking in the tanks.
Such means may consist of an oiltight or watertight tunnel, or making the lines of Extra-Heavy steel pipe
(see 4-2-1/3.9) properly installed to take care of expansion and having all joints within the tank welded or
heavy flanged joints (e.g., one pressure rating higher). The number of flanged joints is to be kept to a
minimum.
11.7 Exceptions
The ballast arrangements of units intended for restricted or special services will be specially considered in
each case.
ABS RULES FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING MOBILE OFFSHORE UNITS . 2018 59
Part 4 Machinery and Systems
Chapter 2 Pumps and Piping Systems
Section 4 Bilge and Ballast Systems and Tanks 4-2-4
13.1 General
The ballast system is to be designed and arranged such that the system can take suction from and deballast
any ballast tank under normal operating and transit conditions. The system is to be capable of restoring the
unit to a normal operating or transit draft and a level trim condition, when subject separately to each of the
following:
i) The assumed damaged conditions as specified in 3-3-2/1.3.2(a) with any one pump inoperable.
ii) The flooding specified in 3-3-2/1.3.2(b).
In addition, the system is to be capable of raising the unit, starting from a level trim condition at deepest
normal operating draft, either a distance of 4.6 m (15 ft) or to the severe storm draft, whichever distance is
greater, within three hours (calculations are to be submitted). The ballasting procedure is to be submitted
for information and is to be provided to the unit’s operating personnel.
13.3 Manifolds
Ballast suctions are to be led from readily accessible manifolds unless independent pumps are provided for
each tank. Ballast systems are to be arranged to prevent the inadvertent transfer of ballast water from one
quadrant to any other quadrant of the unit.
13.5 Pumps
13.5.1 Number
In general, at least two independent ballast pumps are to be capable of taking suction on each
ballast tank. In the case of units with two lower hulls, each hull is to be provided with at least two
independently driven ballast pumps. Units with more than two lower hulls or of unusual configuration
will be subject to special consideration.
13.5.2 Pump Performance
At least two pumps are to be capable of effectively emptying each intact tank at maximum normal
operating draft when the unit is subject to the assumed damage conditions specified in 3-3-2/1.3.2.
[Note: Loss of a pump(s) due to flooding of a pump room is to be considered in meeting this
requirement.] Each of the pumps utilized in meeting the above requirement is to have adequate
head/capacity characteristics and available net positive suction head (NPSHa) to operate at the
angles of heel and trim associated with the conditions specified in 3-3-2/1.3.2 at a capacity of not
less than 50% of the capacity required from that pump to meet the criteria of 4-2-4/13.1. Counter-
flooding is not to be considered as a means to improve the suction head available to the ballast
pumps.
Pump data and calculations substantiating compliance with this requirement are to be submitted.
The use of submersible pumps will be subject to special consideration.
60 ABS RULES FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING MOBILE OFFSHORE UNITS . 2018
Part 4 Machinery and Systems
Chapter 2 Pumps and Piping Systems
Section 4 Bilge and Ballast Systems and Tanks 4-2-4
13.7.1(b) Controls and Indications. The central ballast control station is to be fitted with the
following control and indicating systems, having appropriate audible and visual alarms.
i) Ballast pump control system
ii) Ballast pump status indicating system
iii) Ballast valve control system
iv) Ballast valve position indicating system
v) Draft indicating system
vi) Tank level indicating system
vii) Heel and trim indicators
viii) Electric power availability system (main and emergency)
ix) Ballast control hydraulic or pneumatic pressure indicating system, where applicable.
x) Bilge system in each pump room (See 4-2-4/3.1)
xi) Bilge alarms of propulsion and pump rooms in lower hulls (See 4-2-4/3.7)
13.7.1(c) Communication. A means of communication, which is independent of the unit’s service
electrical system, is to be provided between the central ballast control station and those spaces
containing the local controls for ballast pumps and associated ballast valves.
13.7.1(d) Back-up Station. Back-up station is not required but if fitted, it is to comply with the
requirements in 4-2-4/13.7.1(a) and 4-2-4/13.7.1(c), except that the back-up station need not be
located above the worst damaged waterline.
13.7.2 Independent Local Control
All ballast pumps and valves are to be fitted with independent local control operable in the event
of failure of the remote control from the central ballast control station. These independent local
controls need not be power operated. The independent local controls for each ballast pump and its
associated valves are to be from the same location. For communication, see 4-2-4/13.7.1(c).
13.7.3 Safety Features
13.7.3(a) Independency
i) All Systems. The systems listed in 4-2-4/13.7.1(b) are to function independently of one
another or have sufficient redundancy so that a failure in one system does not jeopardize
the operation of any of the other systems.
ii) Pump/Valve Control Systems. The ballast pump and ballast valve control systems are to
be arranged such that loss of any one component will not cause loss of operation of the
other pumps or valves. This requirement will not apply to those parts of a control system
dedicated to a single ballast valve nor will it apply to manifolds serving exclusively those
dedicated systems.
13.7.3(b) Dual Power Source. For those systems listed in 4-3-2/5.3.10(a), the source of any electrical
power is to comply with the requirements in 4-3-2/5.3. Where the power source is pneumatic or
hydraulic, there are to be at least two power units designed to function at the inclination angles in
4-3-2/5.5.1.
13.7.3(c) Disconnects. Means are to be provided at the central ballast control station to isolate or
disconnect the ballast pump control and ballast valve control systems from their sources of
electrical, pneumatic or hydraulic power.
13.7.3(d) Electronic Systems. Where microprocessor, computer-operated or multiplex type systems
form part of the control system, they are to have back-up capability for continued operation upon
loss of any single major component.
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Part 4 Machinery and Systems
Chapter 2 Pumps and Piping Systems
Section 4 Bilge and Ballast Systems and Tanks 4-2-4
13.7.3(e) Valve Controls. The ballast valve control system is to be designed and arranged so that
there is not continuing transfer of ballast upon loss of power. See also 4-2-4/13.3. Ballast tank
valves are to close automatically upon loss of power. They are to remain closed upon reactivation
of control power until they are intentionally opened.
13.7.4 Valve Position Indicating Systems
A means to indicate whether a valve is open or closed is to be provided at each location from
which the valve may be controlled. The indicators are to rely on movement of the valve spindle or
be otherwise arranged with equivalent reliability.
13.7.5 Draft Indicating System
The draft indicating system is to indicate the draft at each corner of the unit.
13.7.6 Tank Level Indicating System
The tank level indicating system is to indicate the liquid levels in all ballast tanks and in other
tanks, such as fuel oil, fresh water, drilling water or liquid storage tanks, the filling of which could
affect the stability of the unit. Tank level sensors are not to be located in the tank suction lines.
A secondary means of determining levels in ballast tanks, which may be a sounding pipe, is also
to be provided.
62 ABS RULES FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING MOBILE OFFSHORE UNITS . 2018
PART Section 5: Fuel Oil Systems and Tanks
4
CHAPTER 2 Pumps and Piping Systems
1.1 Arrangement
1.1.1 Tanks
1.1.1(a) Structural Tanks. As far as practicable, fuel-oil tanks are to be part of the structure and
located outside of machinery spaces of Category A. Where fuel-oil tanks, other than double bottom
tanks, are necessarily located adjacent to or within machinery spaces of Category A. the arrangements
are to reduce the area of the tank boundary common with the machinery space of category A to a
minimum, and to comply with the following:
i) Fuel tanks having boundaries common with machinery spaces of category A are not to
contain fuel oils having flash point of 60°C (140°F) or less.
ii) At least one of their vertical sides is to be contiguous to the machinery space boundary. The
arrangements in 4-2-5/Figure 1 are acceptable for structural tanks provided the requirements
of 4-2-5/11 are complied with. (The side shell is not being included in contiguous boundary
of the category A machinery space.)
iii) The bottom of the fuel oil tank is not to be so exposed that it will be in direct contact with
flame should there be a fire in a Category A machinery space. The fuel tank is to extend
to the double bottom. Alternatively, the bottom of the fuel oil tank is to be fitted with a
cofferdam. The cofferdam is to be fitted with suitable drainage arrangements to prevent
accumulation of oil in the event of oil leakage from the tank.
FIGURE 1
Acceptable Fuel Oil Tanks Arrangements Inside Category A Machinery Spaces
A
Cofferdam
Cofferdam
F.O.T
≤ 30 m3 Side Shell
F.O.T F.O.T
≤ 30 m3
Machinery
Machinery Aft. Bhd
Space Space
(Category A) (Category A)
Fwd. Bhd
F.O.T
Cofferdam
Double Bottom
A Section A-A
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Part 4 Machinery and Systems
Chapter 2 Pumps and Piping Systems
Section 5 Fuel Oil Systems and Tanks 4-2-5
1.1.1(b) Free Standing Tanks. In general, the use of free standing fuel oil tanks is to be avoided.
Where permitted, they are to be placed in an oil-tight spill tray of ample size with adequate means
of drainage, in accordance with 4-2-1/11.33.1.
1.1.2 Spillage
No fuel oil tank is to be situated where spillage or leakage therefrom can constitute a hazard by falling
on heated surfaces or electrical equipment. Precautions are to be taken to prevent any oil that may
escape under pressure from any pump, filter or heater from coming into contact with heated surfaces.
1.1.3 Sounding Arrangements
See 4-2-3/3, as applicable.
1.1.4 Service and Settling Tanks
At least two fuel oil service tanks are to be provided for propulsion and essential services. The
capacity, with one service tank unavailable, is to be sufficient for at least eight hours operation of
the propulsion plant, if any, at maximum continuous rating and the generator plant (excluding
emergency generator) at the normal sea load. See also 4-2-3/1.9.3.
Where the propulsion plant and auxiliary machinery are supplied by different service tanks, or
where more than one type of fuel is used onboard the unit, the number and capacity of the fuel oil
service tanks is to be sufficient such that the propulsion plant, including all auxiliary machinery
vital for propulsion, and the generator plant have both a main fuel oil supply and a back-up fuel oil
supply. The capacity of the tanks, with one service tank unavailable, is to be sufficient to provide
the machinery it serves with enough fuel oil for at least eight hours operation, as required above.
Alternatives equivalent to the above arrangements will be considered.
A service tank is a fuel tank which contains only fuel of a quality ready for use, that is, fuel of a
grade and quality that meets the specification required by the equipment manufacturer. A service
tank is to be declared as such and is not to be used for any other purpose.
64 ABS RULES FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING MOBILE OFFSHORE UNITS . 2018
Part 4 Machinery and Systems
Chapter 2 Pumps and Piping Systems
Section 5 Fuel Oil Systems and Tanks 4-2-5
3.1 General
The fuel-oil pumping arrangements are to be distinct from the other pumping systems as far as practicable,
and the means provided for preventing dangerous interconnection in service are to be thoroughly effective.
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Part 4 Machinery and Systems
Chapter 2 Pumps and Piping Systems
Section 5 Fuel Oil Systems and Tanks 4-2-5
Where tanks are supplying fuel to diesel engines of essential or emergency services, the use of an
electric, hydraulic or pneumatic system to keep the valve directly in the open position is not acceptable.
Materials readily rendered in effective by heat are not to be used in the construction of the valves
or the closure mechanism within the space unless adequately protected to ensure effective closure
facility in the event of fire. If electric cables are utilized, they are to be fire-resistant, meeting the
requirements of IEC 60331. See 4-3-4/7.
Hydraulic systems are to be in accordance with 4-2-6/3 for both Class I and II piping systems. For
a pneumatic system, the air supply may be from a source from within the space, provided a
separate receiver complying with the following is located outside of the space.
i) Sufficient capacity to close all connected valves twice
ii) Fitted with low air pressure alarm
iii) Air supply line is fitted with a non-return valve adjacent to the receiver
66 ABS RULES FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING MOBILE OFFSHORE UNITS . 2018
Part 4 Machinery and Systems
Chapter 2 Pumps and Piping Systems
Section 5 Fuel Oil Systems and Tanks 4-2-5
9.1 General
Fuel oils with a flash point of 60°C (140°F) closed cup or below may be accepted for the following:
9.1.1
Units classed for restricted service within areas having a climate ensuring that ambient temperatures
of spaces where such fuel oil is stored will not rise within 10°C (18°F) below its flash point may
use fuel oil with flash point of 60°C (140°F) or below, but not less than 43°C (110°F).
9.1.2
Installations complying with the ABS Guide for Burning Crude Oil and Slops in Main and Auxiliary
Boilers, regarding the use of crude oil as fuel.
9.1.3
For emergency generators or emergency fire pump prime movers, fuel oil with a flash point of not
less than 43°C (110°F) may be used, subject to the following:
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Part 4 Machinery and Systems
Chapter 2 Pumps and Piping Systems
Section 5 Fuel Oil Systems and Tanks 4-2-5
i) Fuel oil tanks except those arranged in double bottom compartments are located outside of
machinery spaces of category A.
ii) Provisions for measurement of oil temperature are provided on the suction pipe of oil fuel
pump.
iii) Stop valves and/or cocks are provided on the inlet side and outlet side of the fuel oil strainers.
iv) Pipe joints of welded construction or of circular cone type or spherical type union joint are
applied as much as possible.
See 4-3-2/5.5.2iii).
11.1 General
11.1.1 Application
The requirements of 4-2-5/11 provide the arrangement of fuel oil tanks location for compliance
with MARPOL 73/78, as amended. They are to be applied to all types of mobile offshore units
classed with ABS.
11.1.2 Submission of Plans
Plans showing compliance with the applicable requirements in 4-2-5/11.3 are to be submitted for review.
68 ABS RULES FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING MOBILE OFFSHORE UNITS . 2018
Part 4 Machinery and Systems
Chapter 2 Pumps and Piping Systems
Section 5 Fuel Oil Systems and Tanks 4-2-5
i) For all mobile offshore units, except of the self-elevating type, having an aggregate fuel oil
capacity of 600 m3 (21190 ft3) and above, all tanks, including those in the unit’s
pontoons, are to be arranged above the unit’s molded line of bottom shell plating at the
distance h as specified below:
h = B/20 m (ft), or
h = 2.0 m (6.6 ft), whichever is smaller
where B is the breadth of the unit or, if applicable, the pontoon, in m (ft). h is in no case
to be less than 0.76 m (2.5 ft).
ii) For all mobile offshore units having an aggregate fuel oil capacity greater than or equal to
600 m3 (21190 ft3) but less than 5000 m3 (176570 ft3), tanks are to be arranged inboard of
the molded line of side plating not less than the distance w as specified below:
w = 0.4 + 2.4C/20000 m w = 1.31 + 7.87C/706290 ft
where
C = unit’s total volume of fuel oil (including tanks of 30 m3 or less), in
m3 (ft3), at 98% tank filling
w = at least 1.0 m (3.3 ft)
for individual tanks smaller than 500 m3 (17657 ft3), w is to be at
least 0.76 m (2.5 ft)
iii) For all mobile offshore units having an aggregate fuel oil capacity of 5000 m3 (176570
ft3) and above, tanks are to be arranged inboard of the molded line of side plating not less
than the distance w, as specified below:
w = 0.5 + C/20000 m w = 1.64 + C/706290 ft, or
w = 2.0 m (6.6 ft), whichever is smaller
where C is the unit’s total volume of fuel oil (including tanks of 30 m3 or less) in m3 (ft3)
at 98% tank filling.
The minimum value of w = 1.0 m (3.3 ft).
iv) When applying 4-2-5/11.3.2(a) to column-stabilized units, the tank protection specified
by paragraphs 4-2-5/11.3.2(a)ii) and by 4-2-5/11.3.2(a)iii) applies only to those areas
subject to damage as per 3-3-2/3.5.2.
11.3.2(b) Probabilistic Approach. As an alternative to the deterministic approach of 4-2-5/11.3.2(a),
arrangements complying with the level of protection for both side and bottom damage in accordance
with the accidental oil fuel outflow performance standard of Regulation 12A, Annex I, MARPOL
73/78, as amended, are acceptable.
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PART Section 6: Other Piping Systems and Tanks
4
CHAPTER 2 Pumps and Piping Systems
1 Lubricating-oil Systems
1.1 General
The lubricating-oil piping is to be entirely separated from other piping systems. In addition, the requirements
of 4-2-5/1.1.2, 4-2-5/1.3, and 4-2-5/1.5 are applicable.
Normally opened valves on lubricating oil tanks are to comply with the same requirements as those for
fuel oil tanks given in 4-2-5/3.9. However, arrangements for remotely closing the valve from a position
outside of the compartment need not be provided if inadvertent valve closure could result in damage to the
running machinery due to lack of lubricating-oil. Where the machinery is arranged for automatic shutdown
upon loss of lubricating-oil, the valve required by 4-2-5/3.9 is to be provided with means to close it from a
readily accessible and safe location outside of the compartment in which the valve is located.
For ship-type units, the lubricating systems are to be so arranged that they will function satisfactorily under
the conditions specified in 4-1-1/7.
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Section 6 Other Piping Systems and Tanks 4-2-6
1.7.2 Filters
Oil filters are to be provided. In the case of main propulsion engines which are equipped with full-
flow-type filters, the arrangements are to be such that the filters may be cleaned without interrupting
the oil supply. For auxiliary engines, the arrangement is to be such that the filters may be cleaned
without undue interruption of power necessary for propulsion. Multiple auxiliary engines, each
fitted with a separate filter and arranged such that change over to a standby unit can be accomplished
without loss of propulsion capability, will be acceptable for this purpose. The arrangement of the
valving is to be such as to avoid release of debris into the lubricating-oil system upon activation of
the relieving mechanism.
Where filters are fitted in parallel to enable cleaning without disrupting the oil supply, means are
to be provided to minimize the possibility of a filter under pressure being opened inadvertently.
Filters are to be provided with suitable means for venting when being put in operation and being
depressurized before being opened. Valves and cocks with drain pipes led to a safe location are to
be used for this purpose. Filters are to be so arranged as to prevent, in the event of leakage,
spraying of oil onto the exhaust manifold and surfaces with temperatures in excess of 220°C (428°F).
1.7.3 Low-oil-pressure Alarm
An alarm device with audible and visual signals for failure of the lubricating-oil system is to be fitted
for propulsion and auxiliary engines having a rated power greater than 37 kW (50 hp).
1.7.4 Drain Pipes
Lubricating oil drain pipes from the engine sump to the drain tank are to be submerged at their
outlet ends.
No interconnection is to be made between the drain pipes from the crankcases of two or more engines.
3 Hydraulic Systems
3.1 General
The arrangements for Class I and II hydraulic piping systems are to be in accordance with the requirements
of this section, except that hydraulic systems which form part of an independent device or equipment not
covered by these Rules and which does not form part of the unit’s piping system (such as a crane) are not
covered by this Section, unless it is relevant to an optional notation or certification requested for the unit.
Plans showing clearly the arrangements and details are to be submitted for review. The requirements for
fuel oil tanks contained in 4-2-5/1.1.2 and 4-2-5/1.3 are also applicable for tanks containing hydraulic fluid.
3.3 Valves
3.3.1 General
In general, valves are to comply with the requirements of 4-2-2/9 and 4-2-2/17.
3.3.2 Relief Valves
Relief valves are to be provided for the protection of the hydraulic system. Each relief valve is to
be capable of relieving not less than full pump flow with a maximum pressure rise of not more
than 10% of the relief valve setting.
3.5 Piping
Piping is to meet the requirements of 4-2-1/9 and 4-2-2/5, except that mill tests need not be witnessed by
the Surveyor. In such cases, mill certificates are to be provided.
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Section 6 Other Piping Systems and Tanks 4-2-6
3.11 Accumulators
Accumulators are to meet the requirements of 4-6-7/3 of the Marine Vessel Rules. Each accumulator which
may be isolated is to be protected by suitable relief valves. Where a gas charging system is used, a relief
valve is to be provided on the gas side of the accumulator.
5.1 Application
Provisions of 4-2-6/5.3 apply to fixed oxygen-acetylene installations that have two or more cylinders of
oxygen and acetylene, respectively. Spare cylinders of gases need not be counted for this purpose. Provisions
of 4-2-6/5.5 and 7-1-4/41.9, as applicable, are to be complied with for fixed installations regardless of the
number of cylinders.
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5.5.1(e) Flexible hoses. Flexible hoses used to connect oxygen or acetylene gas cylinders to a
fixed piping system or manifold are to comply with an acceptable standard and be suitable for the
intended pressure and service. Further, the internal surface of a hose used to connect an acetylene tank
is to be of a material that is resistant to acetone and dimethylformamide decomposition.*
Where a flexible hose is connected from an oxygen cylinder to the piping system or manifold
directly (i.e., no intervening pressure regulator), the internal liner of the oxygen hose is to be of a
material that has an autoignition temperature of not less than 400°C (752°F) in oxygen.*
* Note: Criteria based on ISO 14113:1997 Gas welding equipment – rubber and plastic hoses assembled for
compressed or liquefied gases up to a maximum design pressure of 450 bar.
7.1 General
Fixed fuel storage and transfer facilities are to comply with the following:
7.1.1 Isolation
Fuel storage and transfer facilities are to be remote or suitably isolated from areas which contain a
source of vapor ignition and are not to be located on landing areas. The storage and transfer area is
to be permanently marked as an area where smoking and open flames are not permitted.
7.1.2 Hazardous Areas
The requirements for hazardous areas are applicable for fuel with a flash point at or below 60°C
(140°F) close cup test. Open spaces within 3 m (10 ft) of the refueling equipment and within 3 m
(10 ft) of the storage tank vent outlets are to be regarded as hazardous areas. The first 1.5 m (5 ft)
is to be regarded a Zone 1 hazardous area and the second 1.5 m (5 ft) is to be regarded a Zone 2
hazardous area.
Enclosed spaces containing refueling equipment or storage tank vents are to be regarded as Zone 1
hazardous areas. See 4-3-3/9 for acceptable certified safe equipment and is to be IEC Publication
60079-20-1 group IIA class T3. Enclosed spaces are to meet the following provisions.
7.1.2(a) Ventilation Capacity. The enclosed space is to be provided with an effective power
ventilation system sufficient to provide at least six air changes per hour.
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Section 6 Other Piping Systems and Tanks 4-2-6
7.1.2(b) Exhaust Ventilation Duct and Fan. The exhaust duct is to be regarded as a Zone 1 hazardous
area and the outlet from any exhaust duct is to be sited in a safe location, having regard to other
possible sources of ignition. See 4-3-6/5.3ii) and 4-3-6/5.5vii). Exhaust fans are to be of non-
sparking construction complying with 4-3-3/9.7.
7.1.2(c) Dewatering System. Where a gravity drain system is fitted, the system is to comply with
the provisions of 4-2-2/23. Where a bilge pumping system is fitted, the system is to comply with
the provisions of 4-2-4/1 through 4-2-4/7 as applicable.
7.1.3 Fuel Storage Tank Construction
Fixed fuel storage tanks are to be of approved metal construction. Special attention is to be given
to the design, mounting, securing arrangement and electrical bonding of the storage tank and the
fuel transfer system.
7.1.4 Fuel Storage Tank Vents
Tank vents are to be sized in accordance with 4-2-3/1.7, API Standard 2000, “Venting Atmospheric
and Low-Pressure Storage Tanks”, or other approved criteria. Vent outlets are to be located such
that vapors will disperse freely.
7.1.5 Fuel Storage Tank Valves
Storage tank outlet valves are to be provided with a means of remote closure in the event of fire.
Means are also to be provided for remote shutdown of the fuel transfer unit.
9 Starting-air Systems
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Section 6 Other Piping Systems and Tanks 4-2-6
All discharge pipes from starting air compressors are to be led directly to the starting air reservoirs, and all
starting pipes from the air reservoirs to main or auxiliary engines are to be entirely separate from the compressor
discharge piping system.
For arrangements of engines and shafting systems which differ from those indicated in the table,
the capacity of the starting-air reservoirs will be specially considered based on an equivalent number
of starts.
9.3.2 Diesel-electric Propulsion
The minimum number of consecutive starts required to be provided from the starting-air reservoirs
is to be determined from the following equation.
S = 6 + G(G − 1)
where
S = total number of consecutive starts
G = number of engines necessary to maintain sufficient electrical load to permit
vessel transit at full seagoing power and maneuvering. The value of G need
not exceed 3.
9.3.3 Non Self-Propelled Units
The minimum number of consecutive starts required to be provided from the starting-air reservoirs
is three (3) per auxiliary engine, but the total capacity of the starting-air reservoirs dedicated to the
auxiliary engines need not exceed eight (8) consecutive starts.
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Section 6 Other Piping Systems and Tanks 4-2-6
11.1 General
Means are to be provided to ascertain the temperature of the circulating water at the return from each
engine and to indicate that the proper circulation is being maintained. Drain cocks are to be provided at the
lowest point of all jackets. For relief valves, see 4-2-1/11.21.
11.5 Strainers
Where sea water is used for direct cooling of the engine, unless other equivalent arrangement is specially
approved by ABS, suitable strainers are to be fitted between the sea valves and the pump suctions and are
to be either of the duplex type or otherwise so arranged that they can be cleaned without interrupting the
cooling-water supply. This applies also to the emergency circulating water to the engine.
13 Exhaust System
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Section 6 Other Piping Systems and Tanks 4-2-6
25.1 General
At least two means of supplying water to essential services, such as cooling water system for main power
generation or fire main system, are to be provided. Pump capacity, system pressure and piping installation
are to be as required for the specific system or systems supplied. The pumps are to be sized to provide their
full required water demand with one pump out of service. See 4-2-6/11 and 5-2-2/1.1.
In general, the use of hoses from the discharge of the submersible pump to the connection to the fixed
seawater system on board the unit is permitted, provided that the hose is suitable for the intended service.
The hoses are to be fire resistant, except when they are adequately separated such that a single incident
(fire, blast, etc.) would not damage all the raw water hoses.
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PART Chapter 3: Electrical Installations
4
CHAPTER 3 Electrical Installations
CONTENTS
SECTION 1 General .................................................................................................. 86
1 Applications .......................................................................................86
3 Definitions .........................................................................................86
3.1 Earth .............................................................................................. 86
3.3 Earthed Distribution System .......................................................... 86
3.5 Essential Services ......................................................................... 86
3.7 Explosion-proof (Flameproof) Equipment ...................................... 86
3.9 Hazardous Area (Hazardous Location) .......................................... 86
3.11 Hull-return System ......................................................................... 86
3.13 Inhomogeneous Field .................................................................... 86
3.15 Intrinsically Safe............................................................................. 87
3.17 Increased Safety ............................................................................ 87
3.19 Nominal Voltage ............................................................................ 87
3.21 Non-Periodic Duty Rating .............................................................. 87
3.23 Non-sparking Fan .......................................................................... 87
3.25 Overvoltage Category .................................................................... 87
3.27 Overvoltage Withstand Test .......................................................... 87
3.29 Periodic Duty Rating ...................................................................... 87
3.31 Pollution Degree ............................................................................ 88
3.33 Portable Apparatus ........................................................................ 88
3.35 Pressurized Equipment .................................................................. 88
3.37 Semi-enclosed Space .................................................................... 88
3.39 Separate Circuit ............................................................................. 88
3.41 Short Circuit ................................................................................... 88
3.43 Short-time Rating ........................................................................... 88
5 Plans and Data to be Submitted .......................................................88
7 Standard Distribution System ...........................................................88
9 Voltage and Frequency Variations ....................................................89
11 Materials............................................................................................89
13 Grounding Arrangements..................................................................89
15 Degree of Protection for Enclosure ...................................................89
17 Temperature Ratings ........................................................................89
17.1 General .......................................................................................... 89
17.3 Reduced Ambient Temperature ..................................................... 89
19 Clearances and Creepage Distances ...............................................90
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TABLE 1 Voltage and Frequency Variations .......................................... 90
TABLE 2 Degree of Protection – Indicated by the First
Characteristic Numeral ........................................................... 91
TABLE 3 Degree of Protection – Indicated by the Second
Characteristic Numeral ........................................................... 92
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11 Systems for Steering Gear Installed in Self-propelled Units...........113
11.1 Power Supply Feeder .................................................................. 113
11.3 Protection for Steering Gear Motor Circuit ................................... 113
11.5 Emergency Power Supply ........................................................... 113
11.7 Controls, Instrumentation, and Alarms......................................... 114
13 Lighting and Navigation Light Systems...........................................114
13.1 Lighting System ........................................................................... 114
13.3 Navigation Light System .............................................................. 115
15 Interior Communication Systems ....................................................115
15.1 Navigation Bridge ........................................................................ 115
15.3 Main Propulsion Control Stations................................................. 115
15.5 Voice Communications ................................................................ 116
15.7 Emergency and Interior-communication Switchboard.................. 116
15.9 Public Address System ................................................................ 116
17 Manually Operated Alarms .............................................................117
17.1 General Emergency Alarm Systems ............................................ 117
17.3 Engineers’ Alarm ......................................................................... 117
17.5 Refrigerated Space Alarm ........................................................... 118
17.7 Elevator ....................................................................................... 118
19 Fire Protection and Fire Detection Systems ...................................118
19.1 Emergency Stop .......................................................................... 118
19.3 Fire Detection and Alarm System ................................................ 118
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3.27 Installation Requirements for Recovery from Dead Ship
Condition ..................................................................................... 126
3.29 Services Required to be Operable Under a Fire Condition.......... 126
3.31 High Fire Risk Areas ................................................................... 126
5 Cable Installation ............................................................................ 127
5.1 General Considerations ............................................................... 127
5.3 Insulation Resistance for New Installation ................................... 128
5.5 Protection for Electric-magnetic Induction ................................... 128
5.7 Joints and Sealing ....................................................................... 128
5.9 Support and Bending ................................................................... 129
5.11 Cable Run in Bunches ................................................................. 129
5.13 Deck and Bulkhead Penetrations ................................................ 130
5.15 Mechanical Protection ................................................................. 130
5.17 Emergency and Essential Feeders .............................................. 130
5.19 Battery Room .............................................................................. 131
5.21 Splicing of Electrical Cables ........................................................ 131
5.23 Splicing of Fiber Optic Cables ..................................................... 132
5.25 Cable Junction Box ..................................................................... 132
7 Earthing ........................................................................................... 132
7.1 General........................................................................................ 132
7.3 Permanent Equipment ................................................................. 133
7.5 Connections ................................................................................ 133
7.7 Portable Cords ............................................................................ 133
7.9 Cable Metallic Covering............................................................... 133
9 Equipment and Installation in Hazardous Area .............................. 133
9.1 General Consideration ................................................................ 133
9.3 Certified-safe Type and Pressurized Equipment and Systems.... 135
9.5 Paint Stores ................................................................................. 136
9.7 Non-sparking Fans ...................................................................... 136
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7 Cables and Wires ............................................................................141
7.1 Cable Construction ...................................................................... 141
7.3 Portable and Flexing Electric Cables ........................................... 143
7.5 Mineral-insulated, Metal-sheathed Cable .................................... 143
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5 Classification of Areas (None Hydrocarbon Related) ..................... 164
5.1 Hazardous Areas Zone 0 Include: ............................................... 164
5.3 Hazardous Areas Zone 1 Include: ............................................... 164
5.5 Hazardous Areas Zone 2 Include: ............................................... 164
6 Classification of Miscellaneous Areas ............................................ 165
6.1 Paint Stores ................................................................................. 165
6.3 Battery Rooms ............................................................................. 165
6.5 Helicopter Refueling Facilities ..................................................... 165
6.7 Oxygen-acetylene Storage Rooms .............................................. 166
7 Openings, Access, and Ventilation Conditions Affecting the
Extent of Hazardous Zones ............................................................ 166
7.1 Enclosed Space with Direct Access to any Zone 1 Location ....... 166
7.3 Enclosed Space with Direct Access to any Zone 2 Location ....... 167
7.5 Enclosed Space with Access to any Zone 1 Location ................. 168
7.7 Ventilation Alarms ....................................................................... 169
7.9 Hold-back Devices ...................................................................... 169
9 Ventilation ....................................................................................... 169
9.1 General........................................................................................ 169
9.3 Ventilation of Hazardous Areas ................................................... 169
9.5 Ventilation of Non-hazardous Areas ............................................ 170
11 Machinery Installations in Hazardous Areas................................... 170
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PART Section 1: General
4
CHAPTER 3 Electrical Installations
SECTION 1 General
1 Applications
Electrical apparatus and wiring systems are to be constructed and installed in accordance with the requirements
of this Section.
3 Definitions
The following definitions apply for the purpose of this Section.
3.1 Earth
A large conducting body, such as the metal hull of the ship, used as an arbitrary zero of potential.
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Section 1 General 4-3-1
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11 Materials
All electrical equipment is to be constructed of durable and flame-retardant materials. Materials are to be
resistant to corrosion, moisture, high and low temperatures, and are to have other qualities necessary to
prevent deterioration in the ambient conditions that the equipment may be expected to encounter.
13 Grounding Arrangements
Where not obtained through normal construction, arrangements are to be provided to effectively ground
metal structures of derricks, masts and helicopter decks. See also 4-2-6/7.1.3 for fuel storage for helicopter
facilities. Grounding arrangements are also to be provided for tending vessels.
17 Temperature Ratings
17.1 General
For purposes of rating of equipment a maximum ambient air temperature of 45°C (113°F) is to be assumed.
Where ambient temperatures in excess of 45°C (113°F) are expected the rating of equipment is to be based
on the actual maximum ambient air temperature.
The use of lower ambient temperatures may be considered provided the total rated temperature of the equipment
is not exceeded and where the lower values can be demonstrated. The use of a value for ambient temperature
less than 40°C (104°F) is only permitted in spaces that are environmentally controlled.
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Section 1 General 4-3-1
iii) The equipment is to be able to initially start to work safely at a 45°C ambient temperature
until such a time that the lesser ambient temperature may be achieved.
iv) Audible and visual alarms are provided, at a continually-manned control station, to indicate
any malfunction of the cooling systems.
17.3.2 Rating of Cables
In accepting a lesser ambient temperature than 45°C, it is to be ensured that electrical cables for
their entire length are adequately rated for the maximum ambient temperature to which they are
exposed along their length.
17.3.3 Ambient Temperature Control Equipment
The equipment used for cooling and maintaining the lesser ambient temperature is to be classified
as a secondary essential service, in accordance with 4-3-1/3.5, and the capability of cooling is to
be witnessed by the Surveyor at sea trial.
TABLE 1
Voltage and Frequency Variations [See 4-3-1/9]
Voltage and Frequency Variations
for AC Distribution Systems
Quantity in Operation Permanent Variation Transient Variation
(Recovery Time)
Frequency ±5% ±10% (5 s)
Voltage +6%, −10% ±20% (1.5 s)
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TABLE 2
Degree of Protection – Indicated by the First Characteristic Numeral
[See 4-3-1/15]
Degree of Protection
First Characteristic
Numeral Short Description Definition
0 Non-protected No special protection
1 Protected against solid objects A large surfacing of the body, such as a hand (but no
greater than 50 mm (2 in.) protection against deliberate access). Solid object
exceeding 50 mm (2 in.) in diameter.
2 Protected against solid objects Fingers or similar objects not exceeding 80 mm (3.15 in.)
greater than 12 mm (0.5 in.) in length. Solid objects exceeding 12 mm (0.5 in.) in
diameter.
3 Protected against solid objects Tools, wires, etc., of diameter or thickness greater than
greater than 2.5 mm (0.1 in.) 2.5 mm (0.1 in.). Solid objects exceeding 2.5 mm (0.1 in.)
in diameter.
4 Protected against solid objects Wires or strips of thickness greater than 1 mm (0.04 in.).
greater than 1 mm (0.04 in.) Solid objects exceeding 1 mm (0.04 in.) in diameter.
5 Dust protected Ingress of dust is not totally prevented, but dust does not
enter in sufficient quantity to interfere with satisfactory
operation of the equipment.
6 Dust-tight No ingress of dust
[Designation]
The degree of protection is designated as shown in the following examples:
When it is required to indicate the degree of protection by only one characteristic numeral which shows either degree of
protection against foreign bodies and electrical shock or against liquid, the omitted numeral is to be replaced by the letter X.
Examples:
1 IP56 The first characteristic numeral of “5”.
The second characteristic numeral of “6”.
2 IPX5 Degree of protection against only liquid.
3 IP2X Degree of protection against foreign bodies and electrical shock.
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TABLE 3
Degree of Protection – Indicated by the Second
Characteristic Numeral [See 4-3-1/15]
Degree of Protection
Second
Characteristic Short Description Definition
Numeral
0 Non-protected No special protection
1 Protected against dripping water Dripping water (vertically falling drops) is to have no harmful
effect.
2 Protected against dripping water Vertically dripping water is to have no harmful effect when the
when tilted up to 15 deg. enclosure is tilted at any angle up to 15 deg. from its normal
position.
3 Protected against spraying water Water falling as spray at an angle up to 60 deg. from the vertical is
to have no harmful effect.
4 Protected against splashing water Water splashed against the enclosure from any direction is to have
no harmful effect.
5 Protected against water jets Water projected by a nozzle against the enclosure from any
direction is to have no harmful effect.
6 Protected against heavy seas Water from heavy seas or water projected in powerful jets is not
to enter the enclosure in harmful quantities.
7 Protected against the effects of Ingress of water in a harmful quantity is not to be possible when
immersion the enclosure is immersed in water under defined conditions of
pressure and time.
8 Protected against submersion The equipment is suitable for continuous submersion in water
under conditions which are to be specified by the manufacturer.
Note: Normally, this will mean that the equipment is hermetically
sealed. However, with certain types of equipment, it can mean
that water can enter but only in such a manner that it produces no
harmful effects.
9 Protected against high pressure Water projected at high pressure and high temperature against the
and high temperature water jets enclosure from any direction is to have no harmful effect.
See Designation and examples in 4-3-1/Table 2.
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PART Section 2: Electrical Systems
4
CHAPTER 3 Electrical Installations
1.1 Wiring
1.1.1 Systems
One line diagrams for the following electrical systems are to be submitted for review.
• Power Supply and Distribution
• Lighting including Navigation Light
• Internal Communication
• General Emergency Alarm
• Fire Detection and Alarm
• Steering Gear Control (for self-propelled unit)
• Intrinsically-safe Equipment
• Emergency Generator Starting
1.1.2 Data for Wiring Systems
The one line diagrams are to show the circuit designation, type and size of cables, cable grouping
and banking, trip setting and rating of the circuit protection devices, the location of electrical
equipment accompanied by list of components, complete feeder list, rated load current for each
branch circuit, and voltage drop for longest run of each size cable. The one line diagram for power
supply and distribution systems is to indicate the following component details.
• Generator: kW rating, voltage, rated current, frequency, number of phases, power
factor
• Batteries: type, voltage, capacity, conductor protection (when required)
• Motors: kW rating, remote stops (when required)
• Transformers: kVA rating, rated voltage and current on primary and secondary side,
connection method
The one line diagram for power supply and distribution systems is also to include a list of sequential
start of motors and equipment having emergency tripping or preferential tripping features.
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3.1.6(c) Multiple Generator Operation. Where the electrical power is normally supplied by
more than one generator set simultaneously in parallel operation, the system is to be so arranged
that in the event of the loss of any one of the generators in service, the electrical supply to equipment
necessary for propulsion and steering and to ensure the safety of the unit will be maintained by the
remaining generator(s) in service. See also 4-3-2/3.1.3.
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5.1 General
5.1.1 Basic Requirement
A self-contained emergency source of electrical power – together with its associated power
transformer, if any, transitional source of emergency power, emergency switchboard, and emergency
lighting switchboard – is to be installed in a non-hazardous space and is to be located above the
worst damage waterline (see 3-3-2/1.3.2), aft of the collision bulkhead, if any, and in a space
which is not within the assumed extent of damage defined in 3-3-2/3.5. The space is to contain
only machinery and equipment supporting the normal operation of the emergency power source.
Its location is to be readily accessible from the open deck. The arrangement is to be such as to insure
that a fire, flooding or other failure in a space containing the main source of electrical power, or in
any space containing internal combustion machinery for propulsion, any oil-fired or oil-fuel unit,
or internal combustion machinery with an aggregate total power of 375 kW (500 hp) or more, will
not interfere with the supply or distribution of emergency power.
5.1.2 Boundary
Where the “boundaries” of spaces containing the emergency sources of electrical power, associated
power transformer, transitional source of emergency power, emergency switchboard, emergency
lighting switchboard, and the fuel oil tank for emergency generator prime mover are contiguous to
boundaries of internal combustion machinery for propulsion, an oil-fired, or oil-fuel unit, or
internal combustion machinery with an aggregate total power of 375 kW (500 hp) or more, or to
spaces of Zone 1 or Zone 2, the contiguous boundaries are to be in compliance with Section 5-1-1.
5.1.3 Alternate Arrangements
Where the main source of electrical power is located in two or more spaces which have their own
systems, including power distribution and control systems, completely independent of the systems
in other spaces and such that a fire or other casualty in any other of the spaces will not affect the
power distribution from the others, or to the services required in 4-3-2/5.3, the requirements for
self-contained emergency source of power may be considered satisfied without an additional
emergency source of electrical power, provided that:
i) There are at least two generating sets meeting the inclination design requirements of
4-3-2/5.5.1;
ii) Each set is of sufficient capacity to meet the requirements of 4-3-2/5.3;
iii) The generating sets are located in each of at least two spaces;
iv) The arrangements required by 4-3-2/5.1.3 in each such space are equivalent to those
required by 4-3-2/5.5.2, 4-3-2/5.9 and 4-3-2/5.15 so that a source of electrical power is
available at all times for the services required by 4-3-2/5.3; and
v) The location of each of the spaces referred to in 4-3-2/5.1.3iii) is in compliance with
4-3-2/5.1.1 and the boundaries meet the requirements of 4-3-2/5.1.2, except that contiguous
boundaries should consist of an “A-60” bulkhead and a cofferdam, or a steel bulkhead
insulated to class “A-60” on both sides.
5.1.4 Units with Dynamic Positioning Systems Notation (DPS 0, 1, 2 and 3)
For units with DPS notation, an emergency source of power is required in accordance with
4-3-2/5.1.1 and 4-3-2/5.1.2. Alternate arrangements per 4-3-2/5.1.3, will not be acceptable.
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i) The lighting required by 4-3-2/5.3.1 and 4-3-2/5.3.2. For this transitional phase, the required
emergency electric lighting, in respect of the machinery space and accommodation and service
spaces, may be provided by permanently fixed, individual, automatically charged, relay operated
accumulator lamps; and
ii) All services required by 4-3-2/5.3.4 through 4-3-2/5.3.7 unless such services have an independent
supply for the period specified from an accumulator battery suitably located for use in an emergency.
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5.17.2(c) Regardless of the engine output, if shutdowns additional to those specified in 4-3-2/Table 1
are provided, except for the overspeed shutdown, they are to be automatically overridden when
the engine is in automatic or remote control mode.
5.17.2(d) The alarm system is to function in accordance with 4-9-2/3.1.2 and 4-9-2/7 of the
Marine Vessel Rules, with additional requirements that grouped alarms are to be arranged on the
bridge. For drilling units that are not self-propelled, the grouped alarms are to be arranged at an
emergency control station (see 8-2-1/11.17).
5.17.2(e) In addition to the fuel oil control from outside the space, a local means of engine
shutdown is to be provided.
5.17.2(f) Local indications of at least those parameters listed in 4-3-2/Table 1 are to be provided
within the same space as the diesel engines and are to remain operational in the event of failure of
the alarm and safety systems.
TABLE 1
Alarms and Safeguards for Emergency Diesel Engines
[See 4-3-2/5.17]
Systems Monitored Parameters A Auto Shut Notes
Down [ A = Alarm; x = apply ]
Fuel oil A1 Leakage from pressure pipes x
Lubricating oil B1 Temperature – high x For engines having a power of 220 kW or more.
B2 Lubricating oil pressure – low x
B3 Oil mist in crankcase, mist x For engines having a power of 2250 kW (3000
concentration – high; or hp) and above or having a cylinder bore of more
Bearing temperature – high; than 300 mm (11.8 in.).
or See 4-2-1/7.2 of the Marine Vessel Rules.
Alternative arrangements
Cooling medium C1 Pressure or flow – low x For engines having a power of 220 kW or more.
C2 Temperature – high x
Engine D1 Overspeed activated x x For engines having a power of 220 kW or more.
7 Distribution System
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7.9 Harmonics
The total harmonic distortion (THD) in the voltage waveform in the distribution systems is not to exceed
8% and any single order harmonics not to exceed 5%. Other higher values may be accepted provided the
distribution equipment and consumers are designed to operate at the higher limits. This relaxation on THD
limits is to be documented (harmonic distortion calculation report) and made available on board as a
reference for the surveyor at each periodical survey. Where higher values of harmonic distortion are
expected, any other possible effects, such as additional heat losses in machines, network resonances, errors
in control and monitoring systems are to be considered. See also 4-3-2/9.18 and 4-3-2/9.19.
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9.1.3(c) Rating. Fuse ratings and rating (or settings, if adjustable) of time-delay trip elements of
circuit breakers are not to exceed the rated current capacity of the conductor to be protected as
listed in 4-3-4/Table 2, except as otherwise permitted for generator, motor and transformer circuit
protection in 4-3-2/9.3, 4-3-2/9.13 and 4-3-2/9.15. If the standard ratings or settings of overload
devices do not correspond to the rating or the setting allowed for conductors, the next higher
standard rating or setting may be used, provided it does not exceed 150% of the allowable current
carrying capacity of the conductor, where permitted by the Standard to which the feeder cables
have been constructed. Except as otherwise permitted for motor and transformer branch-circuit
protection, adjustable-trip circuit breakers of the time-delay or instantaneous type are to be set to
operate at not more than 150% of the rated capacity of the conductor to be protected.
9.1.3(d) Indication. The rating or setting of the overload protective device for each circuit is to
be permanently indicated at the location of the protective device.
9.1.4 Back-up Protection
9.1.4(a) Back-up Fuse Arrangements. Circuit breakers having breaking and/or making capacities
less than the prospective short-circuit current at the point of application will be permitted, provided
that such circuit breakers are backed-up by fuses which have sufficient short-circuit capacity for
that application. The fuse is to be specifically designed for back-up combinations with the circuit
breaker, and the maximum fault rating for the combination is to be provided.
9.1.4(b) Cascade Protection. Cascade protection may be permitted, subject to special consideration.
Such special consideration is not intended for new construction units, however may be granted
when modifications are performed to existing units. The cascade protection is to be arranged such
that the combination of circuit protective devices has sufficient short-circuit breaking capacity at
the point of application (see 4-3-2/9.1.2(b)). All circuit protective devices are to comply with the
requirements for making capacity (see 4-3-2/9.1.2(c)). Cascade protection is not to be used for
circuits of primary essential services. Where cascade protection is used for circuits of secondary
essential services, such services are to be duplicated, provided with means of automatic transfer
and the automatic transfer is to alarm at a manned location. Cascade protection may be used for
circuits of non-essential services.
9.1.5 Coordinated Tripping
Coordinated tripping is to be provided between generator, bus tie, bus feeder and feeder protective
devices. See also 4-3-2/9.3.2 and 4-3-2/9.7.1. Except for cascade system (backup protection) in
4-3-2/9.1.4, the coordinated tripping is also to be provided between feeder and branch-circuit
protective devices for essential services. Continuity of service to essential circuits under short-
circuit conditions is to be achieved by discrimination of the protective devices as follows:
9.1.5(a) The tripping characteristics of protective devices in series are to be coordinated.
9.1.5(b) Only the protective device nearest to the fault is to open the circuit, except for cascade
system (back-up protection) as specified in 4-3-2/9.1.4(a).
9.1.5(c) The protective devices are to be capable of carrying, without opening, a current not less
than the short-circuit current at the point of application for a time corresponding to the opening of
the breaker, increased by the time delay required for discrimination.
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When fuses are used to protect polyphase motor circuits, it is to be arranged to protect against
single-phasing.
The setting of magnetic instantaneous trips for short-circuit protection only is to exceed the
transient current inrush of the motor, and is to be the standard value nearest to, but not less than,
10 times full-load motor current.
9.13.4 Motor Running Protection
Running protection is to be provided for all motors having a power rating exceeding 0.5 kW,
except that such protection is not to be provided for steering motors (see 4-3-2/11.3). The running
protection is to be set between 100% and 125% of the motor rated current.
9.13.5 Undervoltage Protection and Undervoltage Release
Undervoltage protection is to be provided for motors having power rating exceeding 0.5 kW (0.7 hp)
to prevent undesired restarting upon restoration of the normal voltage, after a stoppage due to a
low voltage condition or voltage failure condition.
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Undervoltage release is to be provided for the following motors unless the automatic restart upon
restoration of the normal voltage will cause hazardous conditions:
a) Primary essential services (see 4-1-1/Table 3).
b) Only those secondary essential services (see 4-1-1/Table 4) necessary for safety, such as:
i) Fire pumps and other fire extinguishing medium pumps.
ii) Bilge pumps.
iii) Ventilating fans for engine and boiler rooms where they may prevent the normal
operation of the propulsion machinery (See Note 1 below)
Special attention is to be paid to the starting currents due to a group of motors with undervoltage
release controllers being restarted automatically upon restoration of the normal voltage. Means
such as sequential starting is to be provided to limit excessive starting current, where necessary.
Note 1: Undervoltage protection is to be provided for ventilation fans for engine and boiler room, which are
supplied by an emergency source of power for the purpose of removing smoke from the space after a fire
has been extinguished.
9.18 Harmonic Distortion for Unit Electrical Distribution System including Harmonic Filters
9.18.1 Monitoring
Where the electrical distribution system on board a unit includes harmonic filters, such units are to
be fitted with facilities to continuously monitor the levels of harmonic distortion experienced on
the main bus bar as well as alert the crew should the level of harmonic distortion exceed the
acceptable limits. Where the engine room is provided with automation systems, this reading is to
be logged electronically, otherwise it is to be recorded in the engine log book for future inspection
by the Surveyor. However, harmonic filters installed for single application frequency drives such
as pump motors may be excluded from the requirements of this section.
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9.18.2 Measurement
As a minimum, harmonic distortion levels of main bus bar on board such existing ships are to be
measured annually under seagoing conditions as close to the periodical machinery survey as possible
so as to give a clear representation of the condition of the entire plant to the Surveyor. Harmonic
distortion readings are to be carried out when the greatest amount of distortion is indicated by the
measuring equipment. An entry showing which equipment was running and/or filters in service is
to be recorded in the log so this can be replicated for the next periodical survey. Harmonic distortion
levels are also to be measured following any modification to the ship’s electrical distribution system
or associated consumers by suitably trained ship’s personnel or from a qualified outside source.
Records of all the above measurements are to be made available to the surveyor at each periodical
survey in accordance with Part 7 of the Rules.
9.18.3 Validation of Calculated Harmonic
Where the electrical distribution system on board a unit includes harmonic filters, the system
integrator of the distribution system is to show, by calculation, the effect of a failure of a harmonic
filter on the level of harmonic distortion experienced.
The system integrator of the distribution system is to provide the unit owner with guidance
documenting permitted modes of operation of the electrical distribution system while maintaining
harmonic distortion levels within acceptable limits during normal operation as well as following
the failure of any combination of harmonic filters.
The calculation results and validity of the guidance provided are to be verified by the Surveyor
during sea trials.
9.18.4 Filter Protection Alarm
Arrangements are to be provided to alert the crew in the event of activation of the protection of a
harmonic filter circuit.
A harmonic filter is to be arranged as a three-phase unit with individual protection of each phase.
The activation of the protection arrangement in a single phase is to result in automatic disconnection
of the complete filter. Additionally, there is to be installed a current unbalance detection system
independent of the overcurrent protection alerting the crew in case of current unbalance.
Consideration is to be given to additional protection for the individual capacitor element as (e.g.,
relief valve or overpressure disconnector) in order to protect against damage from rupturing. This
consideration is to take into account the type of capacitors used.
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Capacitors used in harmonic filters/capacitor banks are to be prevented from producing a leading system
power factor which could potentially lead to generator(s) becoming self-excited. In cases where a leading
power factor condition approaches the point of the generator(s) becoming self-excited, the appropriate
capacitive circuits shall be automatically disconnected and prevented from interacting with the rest of the
electrical network.
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17.7 Elevator
A device which will activate an audible and visual alarm in a manned control center is to be provided in all cars.
Such alarm system is to be independent of power and control systems of the elevator. See 4-3-2/5.3.12(c)
for power supply.
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4
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When the selection of the equipment has been finalized, a list/booklet identifying all equipment in the hazardous
areas, their method of protection (flameproof, intrinsically safe, etc.), rating (flammable gas group and
temperature class), manufacturer’s name, model number and evidence of certification is to be submitted
for review. See 7-1-6/21.17, 7-2-5/9.3, and 4-3-3/9.1.
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FIGURE 1
Example of Area Affected by Local Fixed Pressure Water-spraying or Local
Water-mist Fire Extinguishing System in Machinery Spaces
Generator
3.3 Generators
In general, all generators on ship-type units are to be located with their shafts in a fore-and-aft direction on
the unit and are to operate satisfactorily in accordance with the inclination requirements of 4-1-1/7.1. Where
it is not practicable to mount the generators with the armature shafts in the fore-and-aft direction, their
lubrication will require special consideration. Provision is to be made to prevent oil or oil vapor from
passing into the machine windings.
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3.7.3(b) Battery Lockers. Battery lockers are to be ventilated, if practicable, similarly to battery
rooms by a duct led from the top of the locker to the open air or to an exhaust ventilation duct.
Louvers or equivalent are to be provided near the bottom for entrance of air.
3.7.3(c) Deck Boxes. Deck boxes are to be provided with a duct from the top of the box,
terminating in a goose neck, mushroom head or equivalent to prevent entrance of water. Holes for
air inlet are to be provided on at least two opposite sides of the box. The entire deck box,
including openings for ventilation, is to be weathertight to prevent entrance of spray or rain.
3.7.3(d) Small Battery Boxes. Boxes for small batteries require no ventilation other than openings
near the top to permit escape of gas.
3.7.4 Protection from Corrosion
The interiors of battery rooms, including the structural parts and shelves therein, as well as ventilation
inlets and outlets are to be painted with corrosion-resistant paint. Shelves in battery rooms or lockers
for acid batteries are to have a watertight lining of sheet lead not less than 1.6 mm (1/16 in.) on all sides.
For alkaline batteries, the shelves are to be similarly lined with steel not less than 0.8 mm (1/32 in.)
thick. Alternatively, a battery room may be fitted with a watertight lead pan, steel for alkaline
batteries, over the entire deck, carried up not less than 152 mm (6 in.) on all sides. Deck boxes are
to be lined in accordance with the above alternative method. Boxes for small batteries are to be
lined to a depth of 76 mm (3 in.) consistent with the methods described above.
3.7.5 Maintenance of Batteries
3.7.5(a) Maintenance Schedule of Batteries. Where batteries are fitted for use for essential and
emergency services, a maintenance schedule of such batteries is to be provided and maintained.
The schedule is to include all batteries used for essential and emergency services, including system
batteries installed in battery rooms, battery lockers and deck boxes as well as batteries installed
within vendor supplied equipment. Examples of batteries included with equipment are:
• Computer equipment and programmable logic controllers (PLC) use in computer based systems
and programmable electronic systems, when used for essential or emergency services.
• Radiocommunication equipment, such as the equipment required by the IMO MODU Code,
Chapter 11.
The schedule is to be submitted for review, during their plan approval or the new building survey,
and is to include at least the following information regarding the batteries.
• Type and manufacturer’s type designation.
• Voltage and ampere-hour rating.
• Location.
• Equipment and/or system(s) served.
• Maintenance/replacement cycle dates.
• Date(s) of last maintenance and/or replacement.
• For replacement batteries in storage, the date of manufacture and shelf life (See Note below)
Note: Shelf life is the duration of storage under specified conditions at the end of which a battery retains
the ability to give a specified performance.
3.7.5(b) Procedure of Maintenance. Procedures are to be put in place to show that, where batteries
are replaced, they are to be of an equivalent performance type. Details of the schedule, procedures,
and the maintenance records are to be included in the unit’s maintenance system and integrated
into the unit’s operational maintenance routine, as appropriate, which are to be verified by the
Surveyor.
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3.9 Switchboard
Switchboards are to be so arranged as to give easy access, as may be needed, to apparatus and equipment
without danger to personnel. Switchboards are to be located in a dry place so as to provide a clear working
space of at least 900 mm (35 in.) at the front of the switchboard and a clearance of at least 600 mm (24 in.)
at the rear, which may be reduced to 457 mm (18 in.) in way of stiffeners or frames, except that for
switchboards which are enclosed at the rear and are fully serviceable from the front, clearance at the rear
will not be required unless necessary for cooling. Switchboards are to be secured to a solid foundation.
They are to be self-supported or are to be braced to the bulkhead or the deck above. In case the last method
is used, means of bracing is to be flexible to allow deflection of the deck without buckling the assembly
structure.
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3.13.2(b) Location. The disconnecting device may be in the same enclosure with the controller
or may be in a separate enclosure, and is to be externally operated. Except for remotely controlled
fire extinguishing purpose motors, the branch-circuit switch or circuit breaker on the power-
distribution board or switchboard may serve as the disconnect device if in the same compartment
with the controller.
3.13.2(c) Locking Means. If the disconnecting device is not within sight of both motor and
controller, or if it is more than 15.25 m (50 ft) from either, it is to be arranged for locking in the
open position. For remotely controlled fire extinguishing purpose motors, the locking means are to
be provided at the feeder circuit breaker for such motors.
3.13.2(d) Identification Plate. The disconnect switch, if not adjacent to the controller, is to be
provided with an identification plate.
3.13.2(e) Open and Close Indications. The disconnect device is to indicate by a position of the
handle, or otherwise, whether it is open or closed.
3.13.3 Indicating-light Circuits
Where indicating-light circuits are employed, their potential is to be limited to 150 volts if the
opening of the foregoing disconnecting devices does not de-energize the indicating circuit.
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5 Cable Installation
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Bunches of more than twelve cables will be subject to special consideration based on the type and
service of the various cables in the bunch.
5.11.2 Clearance and Segregation
A clearance is to be maintained between any two cable bunches of at least the diameter of the
largest cable in either bunch. Otherwise, for the purpose of determining the number of cables in
the bunch, the total number of cables on both sides of the clearance will be used.
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FIGURE 2
Cables within High Fire Risk Areas
DB
5.17.2(b) At least two loops/radial distributions run as widely apart as is practicable and so arranged
that in the event of damage by fire at least one of the loops/radial distributions remains operational.
Systems that are self-monitoring, fail safe or duplicated with cable runs separated as widely as
practicable, may be exempted from the requirements in 4-3-3/5.17.2(a) and 4-3-3/5.17.2(b).
5.17.3 Electrical Cables for the Emergency Fire Pump
The electrical cables to the emergency fire pump are not to pass through the machinery spaces
containing the main fire pumps and their sources of power and prime movers. They are to be of a fire
resistant type, in accordance with 4-3-4/7.1.3, where they pass through other high fire risk areas.
5.17.4 Requirements by the Governmental Authority
Attention is directed to the requirements of the governmental authority of the country whose flag
the unit flies, for the installation of emergency circuits required in various types of units.
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7 Earthing
7.1 General
Exposed metal parts of electrical machines or equipment which are not intended to be live but which are
liable under fault conditions to become live are to be earthed unless the machines or equipment are:
i) Supplied at a voltage not exceeding 50 volts DC or 50 volts AC rms between conductors; auto-
transformers are not to be used for the purpose of achieving this voltage; or
ii) Supplied at a voltage not exceeding 250 V AC rms By safety isolating transformers supplying
only one consuming device; or
iii) Constructed in accordance with the principle of double insulation.
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7.5 Connections
7.5.1 General
All earthing conductors are to be of copper or other corrosion-resistant material and are to be
protected against damage. The nominal cross-sectional area of every copper earthing conductor is
to be not less than that required by 4-3-3/Table 2.
7.5.2 Earthed Distribution System
Earthing conductors in an earthed distribution system are to comply with 4-3-3/7.5.1, except that
the earthing conductor in line C4 of 4-3-3/Table 2 is to be A/2.
7.5.3 Connection to Hull Structure
All connections of an earth-continuity conductor or earthing lead to the unit’s structure are to be
made in accessible positions and are to be secured by a screw of brass or other corrosion-resistant
material having a cross-sectional area equivalent to the earth-continuity conductor or earthing
lead, but not less than 4 mm (0.16 in.) in diameter. The earth connection screw is to be used for
this purpose only. See 4-2-1/11.31 for control of static electricity.
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9.7.2(c) Acceptable Combination of Materials. Tests referred to in 4-3-3/9.7.2(a) above are not
required for fans having the following combinations:
i) Impellers and/or housings of nonmetallic material, due regard being paid to the elimination
of static electricity;
ii) Impellers and housings of nonferrous materials;
iii) Impellers of aluminum alloys or magnesium alloys and a ferrous (including austenitic
stainless steel) housing on which a ring of suitable thickness of nonferrous materials is
fitted in way of the impeller;
iv) Any combination of ferrous (including austenitic stainless steel) impellers and housings
with not less than 13 mm (0.5 in.) tip design clearance.
9.7.2(d) Unacceptable Combination of Materials. The following impellers and housings are
considered as sparking-producing and are not permitted:
i) Impellers of an aluminum alloy or magnesium alloy and a ferrous housing, regardless of
tip clearance;
ii) Housing made of an aluminum alloy or a magnesium alloy and a ferrous impeller, regardless
of tip clearance;
iii) Any combination of ferrous impeller and housing with less than 13 mm (0.5 in.) design
tip clearance.
9.7.3 Type Test
Type tests on the finished product are to be carried out using an acceptable national or international
standard. Such type test reports are to be made available when requested by the Surveyor.
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TABLE 1
Minimum Degree of Protection [See 4-3-3/3.1.1]
(For high voltage equipment, see 4-3-5/Table 1)
Switchboards, Distribution Boards, Motor Control Centers
& Controllers (See 4-3-3/3.9 to 4-3-3/3.13)
Generators (See 4-3-3/3.3)
Example Condition Motors (See 4-3-3/3.5)
of of Transformers, Converters
Location Location Lighting Fixtures
(See 4-3-3/3.17)
Heating Appliances
(See 4-3-3/3.19)
Accessories (2)
Dry accommodation space Danger of touching live IP20 - IP20 IP20 IP20 IP20 IP20
(4) parts only
Dry control rooms IP20 - IP20 IP20 IP20 IP20 IP20
Control rooms Danger of dripping liquid IP22 - IP22 IP22 IP22 IP22 IP22
and/or moderate mechanical
Machinery spaces above floor plates (5) IP22 IP22 IP22 IP22 IP22 IP22 IP44
damage
Steering gear rooms IP22 IP22 IP22 IP22 IP22 IP22 IP44
Refrigerating machinery rooms IP22 - IP22 IP22 IP22 IP22 IP44
Emergency machinery rooms IP22 IP22 IP22 IP22 IP22 IP22 IP44
General store rooms IP22 IP22 IP22 IP22 IP22 IP22 IP22
Pantries IP22 - IP22 IP22 IP22 IP22 IP44
Provision rooms IP22 - IP22 IP22 IP22 IP22 IP22
Bathrooms & Showers Increased danger of liquid - - - - IP34 IP44 IP55
and/or mechanical damage
Machinery spaces below floor plates - - IP44 - IP34 IP44 IP55 (3)
Closed fuel oil or lubricating oil IP44 - IP44 - IP34 IP44 IP55 (3)
separator rooms
Ballast pump rooms Increased danger of liquid IP44 - IP44 IP44 IP34 IP44 IP55
and/or mechanical damage
Refrigerated rooms - - IP44 - IP34 IP44 IP55
Galleys and Laundries IP44 - IP44 IP44 IP34 IP44 IP44 (7)
Open decks Exposure to heavy seas IP56 - IP56 - IP55 IP56 IP56
Bilge wells Exposure to submersion - - - - IPX8 - IPX8
Notes:
1 Empty spaces shown with “–” indicate installation of electrical equipment is not recommended.
2 “Accessory” includes switches, detectors, junction boxes, etc. Accessories which are acceptable for use in hazardous
areas are limited by the condition of the areas. Specific requirements are given in the Rules. See 4-3-3/3.23.
3 Socket outlets are not to be installed in machinery spaces below the floor plates, enclosed fuel and lubricating oil
separator rooms. Plugs and sockets that are present in a hazardous area are to be certified for use in the particular
zone.
4 For the purpose of this Table, the wheelhouse may be categorized as a “dry control room”, and consequently, the
installation of IP20 equipment would suffice therein, provided that: (a) the equipment is located as to preclude being
exposed to steam, or dripping/spraying liquids emanating from pipe flanges, valves, ventilation ducts and outlets, etc.,
installed in its vicinity, and (b) the equipment is placed to preclude the possibility of being exposed to sea or rain.
5 See 4-3-3/3.1.1(b) where the equipment is located within areas protected by local fixed pressure water-spraying or
water-mist fire extinguishing system and its adjacent areas.
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TABLE 1 (continued)
Minimum Degree of Protection [See 4-3-3/3.1.1]
6 Electrical equipment used for the power operation, remote control and status indication of watertight doors and
located below the worst damage waterline is to provide suitable protection against the ingress of water, as follows:
i) Electrical motors, associated circuits and control components: protected to IPX7 standard
ii) Door position indicators and associated circuit components: protected to IPX8 standard (The water pressure
testing of the enclosure is to be based on the pressure that may occur at the location of the component
during flooding for a period of 36 hours)
iii) Door movement warning signals: protected to IPX6 standard.
7 Socket outlets in galleys and laundries are to maintain their protection against splashed water when not in use.
TABLE 2
Size of Earth-continuity Conductors and Earthing Connections
[See 4-3-3/7.5]
Cross-sectional Area, A, of
Minimum Cross-sectional Area of
Type of Earthing Connection Associated Current
Copper Earthing Connection
Carrying Conductor
A1 A ≤ 16 mm 2
A
Earth-continuity conductor in
A2 16 mm < A ≤ 32 mm
2 2
16 mm2
flexible cable or flexible cord
A3 A > 32 mm 2 A/
2
For cables having an insulated earth-continuity conductor
B1a A ≤ 1.5 mm2 1.5 mm2
B1b 1.5 mm < A ≤ 16 mm
2 2
A
Earth-continuity conductor B1c 16 mm2 < A ≤ 32 mm2 16 mm2
incorporated in fixed cable B1d A > 32 mm2 A/
2
For cables with bare earth wire in direct contact with the lead sheath
B2a A ≤ 2.5 mm2 1 mm2
B2b 2.5 mm < A ≤ 6 mm
2 2
1.5 mm2
C1a Stranded earthing connection:
1.5 mm2 for A ≤ 1.5 mm2
A ≤ 3 mm 2
A for A > 1.5 mm2
C1b Unstranded earthing connection:
Separate fixed earthing conductor
3 mm2
C2 3 mm < A ≤ 6 mm
2 2
3 mm2
C3 6 mm < A ≤ 125 mm
2 2 A/
2
C4 A > 125 mm2 64 mm2 (see Note (1))
Notes:
1 For earthed distribution systems, the size of earthing conductor is not to be less than A/2.
2 Conversion Table for mm2 to circular mils:
mm2 circ. mils mm2 circ. mils mm2 circ. mils mm2 circ. mils
1 1,973 2.5 4,933 6 11,841 70 138,147
1.5 2,960 4 7,894 16 31,576 120 236,823
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4
CHAPTER 3 Electrical Installations
3.1 References
3.1.1 Emergency Services
For requirements covering emergency services and transitional source of power, see 4-3-2/5.5.3
and 4-3-2/5.7, respectively.
3.1.2 Protection of Batteries
For requirements covering protection of batteries, see 4-3-2/9.9.
3.1.3 Battery Installation
For requirements covering battery installation, ventilation of the battery location and protection
from corrosion, see 4-3-3/3.7.
3.1.4 Cable Installation
For requirements covering cable installation in the battery room, see 4-3-3/5.19.
3.5 Location
3.5.1 Location
The UPS unit is to be suitably located for use in an emergency. The UPS unit is to be located as
near as practical to the equipment being supplied, provided the arrangements comply with all other
Rules, such as 4-3-3/3.7, 4-3-3/3.9, 4-3-3/3.11, and 4-3-3/3.13 for location of electrical equipment.
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3.5.2 Ventilation
UPS units utilizing valve regulated sealed batteries may be located in compartments with normal
electrical equipment, provided the ventilation arrangements are in accordance with the requirements
of 4-3-3/3.7. Since valve regulated sealed batteries are considered low-hydrogen-emission batteries,
calculations are to be submitted in accordance with 4-3-3/3.7.2(d) to establish the gas emission
performance of the valve regulated batteries compared to the standard lead acid batteries.
Arrangements are to be provided to allow any possible gas emission to be led to the weather,
unless the gas emission performance of the valve regulated batteries does not exceed that of
standard lead acid batteries connected to a charging device of 0.2 kW.
3.5.3 Battery Installation
For battery installation arrangements, see 4-3-3/3.7.
3.7 Performance
3.7.1 Duration
The output power is to be maintained for the duration required for the connected equipment as stated
in 4-3-2/5.3 for emergency services and 4-3-2/5.7 of transitional source of power, as applicable.
3.7.2 Battery Capacity
No additional circuits are to be connected to the battery charger unit or UPS unit without verification
that the batteries have adequate capacity. The battery capacity is, at all times, to be capable of
supplying the designated loads for the time specified in 4-3-4/3.7.1.
3.7.3 Recharging
On restoration of the input power, the rating of the charging facilities are to be sufficient to recharge
the batteries while maintaining the output supply to the load equipment. See also 6-1-7/9.17.2.
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TABLE 1
Types of Cable Insulation [See 4-3-4/7.1.4]
Insulation Type Designation Insulation Materials Maximum Conductor Temperature
V75, PVC Polyvinyl Chloride – Heat resisting 75°C (167°F) *
R85, XLPE Cross-linked Polyethylene 85°C (185°F) *
E85, EPR Ethylene Propylene Rubber 85°C (185°F) *
R90, XLPE Cross-linked Polyethylene 90°C (194°F) *
E90, EPR Ethylene Propylene Rubber 90°C (194°F) *
M95 Mineral (MI) 95°C (203°F) *
S95 Silicone Rubber 95°C (203°F) *
* A maximum conductor temperature of 250°C (482°F) is permissible for special applications and standard end fittings may be used,
provided the temperature does not exceed 85°C (185°F) at the end of fittings. However, when the temperature at the end of the
fittings is higher than 85°C (185°F), special consideration will be given to an appropriate end fitting.
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TABLE 2
Maximum Current Carrying Capacity for Insulated Copper Wires and Cables
Conductor Maximum Current in Amperes (see 4-3-4/7.1.1)
Size 45°C (113°F) Ambient; 750 V and Less, AC or DC; see Notes
1-core 2-core 3- or 4-core
103 R85 R90 R85 R90 R85 R90
mm2 circ V75 XLPE XLPE M95 V75 XLPE XLPE M95 V75 XLPE XLPE M95
mils E85 E90 S95 E85 E90 S95 E85 E90 S95
EPR EPR EPR EPR EPR EPR
1.0 13 16 20 11 14 17 9 11 14
1.25 15 18 23 13 15 20 11 13 16
1.5 17 21 23 26 14 18 20 22 12 15 16 18
4.11 21 25 32 18 21 27 15 18 22
2.5 24 28 30 32 20 24 26 27 17 20 21 22
6.53 28 34 38 24 29 32 20 24 27
4 32 38 40 43 27 32 34 37 22 27 28 30
10.4 38 45 51 32 38 43 27 32 36
6 41 49 52 55 35 42 44 47 29 34 36 39
16.5 51 60 68 43 51 58 36 42 48
10 57 67 72 76 48 57 61 65 40 47 50 53
20.8 59 70 78 50 60 66 41 49 55
26.3 68 81 91 58 69 77 48 57 64
16 76 91 96 102 65 77 82 87 53 64 67 71
33.1 79 93 105 67 79 89 55 65 74
41.7 91 108 121 77 92 103 64 76 85
25 101 120 127 135 86 102 108 115 71 84 89 95
52.6 105 124 140 89 105 119 74 87 98
66.4 121 144 162 103 122 138 85 101 113
35 125 148 157 166 106 126 133 141 88 104 110 116
83.7 140 166 187 119 141 159 98 116 131
50 156 184 196 208 133 156 167 177 109 129 137 146
106 163 193 217 139 164 184 114 135 152
133 188 222 250 160 189 213 132 155 175
70 192 228 242 256 163 194 206 218 134 160 169 179
168 217 257 289 184 218 246 152 180 202
95 232 276 293 310 197 235 249 264 162 193 205 217
212 251 297 335 213 252 285 176 208 235
120 269 319 339 359 229 271 288 305 188 223 237 251
250 278 330 371 236 281 315 195 231 260
150 309 367 389 412 263 312 331 350 216 257 272 288
300 312 370 416 265 315 354 218 259 291
350 343 407 458 292 346 389 240 285 321
185 353 418 444 470 300 355 377 400 247 293 311 329
400 373 442 498 317 376 423 261 309 349
450 402 476 536 342 405 456 281 333 375
240 415 492 522 553 353 418 444 470 291 344 365 387
500 429 509 572 365 433 486 300 356 400
550 455 540 607 387 459 516 319 378 425
300 477 565 601 636 405 480 511 541 334 396 421 445
600 481 570 641 409 485 545 337 399 449
650 506 599 674 430 509 573 354 419 472
700 529 628 706 450 534 600 370 440 494
750 553 655 737 470 557 626 387 459 516
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TABLE 2 (continued)
Maximum Current Carrying Capacity for Insulated Copper Wires and Cables
Conductor Maximum Current in Amperes (see 4-3-4/7.1.1)
Size 45°C (113°F) Ambient; 750 V and Less, AC or DC; see Notes
1-core 2-core 3- or 4-core
103 R85 R90 R85 R90 R85 R90
mm2 circ V75 XLPE XLPE M95 V75 XLPE XLPE M95 V75 XLPE XLPE M95
mils E85 E90 S95 E85 E90 S95 E85 E90 S95
EPR EPR EPR EPR EPR EPR
400 571 677 690 761 485 575 587 647 400 474 483 533
800 576 682 767 490 580 652 403 477 540
850 598 709 797 508 603 677 419 496 558
900 620 734 826 527 624 702 434 514 578
950 641 760 854 545 646 726 449 532 598
500 656 778 780 875 558 661 663 744 459 545 546 613
1000 662 784 882 563 666 750 463 549 617
600 736 872 981 626 741 834 515 610 687
625 755 894 1006 642 760 855 529 626 704
Notes:
1 The values given above have been calculated for an ambient of 45°C (113°F) and assume that a conductor
temperature equal to the maximum rated temperature of the insulation is reached and maintained continuously in
the case of a group of four cables bunched together and laid in free air.
2 The current rating values given in 4-3-4/Table 2 (and those derived therefrom) may be considered applicable,
without correction factors, for cables double-banked on cable trays, in cable conduits or cable pipes, except as
noted in Note 3.
3 For bunched cables, see 4-3-3/5.11.1.
4 These current ratings are applicable for both armored and unarmored cables.
5 If ambient temperature differs from 45°C (113°F), the values in 4-3-4/Table 2 are to be multiplied by the
following factors.
Maximum Conductor Ambient Correction Factor
Temperature 40°C (104°F) 50°C (122°F) 55°C (131°F) 60°C (140°F) 65°C (149°F) 70°C (158°F)
75°C (167°F) 1.08 0.91 0.82 0.71 0.58 —
85°C (185°F) 1.06 0.94 0.87 0.79 0.71 0.61
90°C (194°F) 1.05 0.94 0.88 0.82 0.74 0.67
95°C (203°F) 1.05 0.95 0.89 0.84 0.77 0.71
6 Where the number of conductors in a cable exceeds four, as in control cables, the maximum current carrying
capacity of each conductor is to be reduced as in the following table:
7 When a mineral-insulated cable is installed in such a location that its copper sheath is liable to be touched when in
service, the current rating is to be multiplied by the correction factor 0.80 in order that the sheath temperature does
not exceed 70°C (158°F).
8 Cables being accepted based on approved alternate standard may have current carrying capacity of that standard,
provided the cables are in full compliance with that standard.
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CHAPTER 3 Electrical Installations
1.1 General
1.1.1 Application
The following requirements in this Subsection are applicable to AC systems with nominal voltage
(phase to phase) exceeding 1 kV. Unless stated otherwise, high voltage equipment and systems are
to comply with the other parts in Part 4, Chapter 3 for low voltage equipment and systems, as well.
1.1.2 Standard Voltages
The nominal standard voltage is not to exceed 15 kV. A higher voltage may be considered for special
applications.
1.1.3 Air Clearance and Creepage Distance
1.1.3(a) Air Clearance. Phase-to-phase air clearances and phase-to-earth air clearances between
non-insulated parts are to be not less than the minimum as specified below.
Where intermediate values of nominal voltages are accepted, the next higher air clearance is to be
observed.
1.1.3(b) Reduction. Alternatively, reduced clearance distances may be used provided:
i) The equipment is not installed in ‘Machinery Spaces of Category A’ or in areas affected
by a Local Fixed Pressure Water-spraying or Local Water-mist Fire Extinguishing System.
ii) The equipment is subject to an impulse voltage test with test voltage values shown in
Table below. Where intermediate values of rated operational voltage are used, the next
higher rated impulse withstand test voltage is to be used. The impulse voltage test reports
are to be submitted to ABS for review.
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1.1.3(c) Insulating Material. Any insulating material that is used to cover live parts of equipment
used to comply with clearance distance requirements is to be suitable for the application. The
equipment manufacturer is to submit documentation which demonstrates the suitability of such
insulation material.
1.1.3(d) Creepage Distance.
i) The minimum creepage distances for main switchboards and generators are given in the
Table below:
ii) The minimum creepage distances for equipment other than main switchboards and
generators are given in the Table below:
iii) Creepage distances between live parts and between live parts and earthed metal parts are
to be in accordance with IEC 60092-503 for the nominal voltage of the system, the nature
of the insulation material, and the transient overvoltage developed by switch and fault
conditions.
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1.3.2(b) Equipment. Electrical equipment in directly earthed neutral or other neutral earthed
systems is to be able to withstand the current due to a single phase fault against earth for a period
necessary to trip the protection device.
1.3.3 Neutral Disconnection
Each generator neutral is to be provided with means for disconnection.
1.3.4 Hull Connection of Earthing Impedance
All earthing impedances are to be connected to the hull. The connection to the hull is to be so
arranged that any circulating currents in the earth connections will not interfere with radio, radar,
communication and control equipment circuits. In systems with neutral earthed, connection of the
neutral to the hull is to be provided for each generator switchboard section.
1.3.5 Earth Fault Detection and Indication
i) In unearthed or high impedance earthed systems, an earth fault is to be indicated by visual
and audible means at the centralized control system.
ii) In low impedance or direct earthed systems, provision is to be made to automatically
disconnect the faulty circuits. Audible and visual indication is to be provided at the centralized
control station to indicate that a ground fault had occurred and has been cleared by ground
fault protection. An audible alarm is to be provided if the ground fault was not successfully
cleared.
iii) In high impedance earthed systems where outgoing feeders will not be isolated in case of
an earth fault, the insulation of the equipment is to be designed for the phase to phase
voltage.
1.3.6 Number and Capacity of Transformers
Requirements for the number and capacity of transformers are given in 4-3-2/7.1.6(a).
For transformers with a high voltage winding over 1000 V, the following would not be accepted
as complying with the above requirement:
i) The provision of a spare single phase transformer to substitute a failed transformer.
ii) The operation of two single phase transformers in an open delta (V-V) connection.
1.5 Circuit Breakers and Switches – Auxiliary Circuit Power Supply Systems for Operating
Energy
1.5.1 Source and Capacity of Power Supply
Where electrical energy or mechanical energy is required for the operation of circuit breakers and
switches, a means of storing such energy is to be provided with a capacity at least sufficient for
two on/off operation cycles of all of the components. However, the tripping due to overload or
short-circuit, and under-voltage is to be independent of any stored electrical energy sources. This
does not preclude the use of stored energy for shunt tripping, provided alarms are activated upon
loss of continuity in the release circuits and power supply failures. The stored energy may be
supplied from within the circuit in which the circuit breakers or switches are located.
1.5.2 Number of External Sources of Stored Energy
Where the stored energy is supplied from a source external to the circuit, such supply is to be from
at least two sources so arranged that a failure or loss of one source will not cause the loss of more
than one set of generators and/or essential services. Where it will be necessary to have the source
of supply available for dead ship startup, the source of supply is to be provided from the emergency
source of electrical power
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1.9.3(e) Cable Rating. The rated phase to earth voltage (Uo) of high voltage cables shall not be
less than shown in the Table below:
1.9.3(f) Cable Current Carrying Capacities. The maximum current carrying capacity of high
voltage cables is to be in accordance with the Table below:
1.9.3(g) Marking. High voltage cables are to be readily identifiable by suitable marking.
1.9.3(h) Test after Installation. A voltage withstand test is to be carried out on each completed cable
and its accessories before a new high voltage installation, including additions to an existing
installation, is put into service.
An insulation resistance test is to be carried out prior to the voltage withstand test being conducted
For cables with rated voltage (Uo/U) above 1.8/3 kV (Um = 3.6 kV) an AC voltage withstand test
may be carried out upon advice from high voltage cable manufacturer. One of the following test
methods to be used:
i) An AC test voltage for 5 min with the phase‐to‐phase voltage of the system applied
between the conductor and the metallic screen/sheath.
ii) An AC voltage test for 24 h with the normal operating voltage of the system.
iii) A DC test voltage equal to 4Uo may be applied for 15 minutes.
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For cables with rated voltage (Uo/U) up to 1.8/3 kV (Um = 3.6 kV), a DC voltage equal to 4Uo
shall be applied for 15 minutes.
After completion of the test, the conductors are to be connected to earth for a sufficient period in
order to remove any trapped electric charge.
The insulation resistance test is then repeated.
The above tests are for newly installed cables. If due to repairs or modifications, cables which
have been in use are to be tested, lower voltages and shorter durations should be considered.
1.9.4 High Voltage Shore Connection
Where arrangements are made for the supply of electricity at high voltage from onshore, and
designed to allow the shipboard generators to be shut down while in port, the requirements given
in the ABS Guide for High Voltage Shore Connection are to be complied with.
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3.1 General
3.1.1 Application
The following requirements in this Subsection are applicable to the electric propulsion system. Electric
propulsion systems complying with other recognized standards will also be considered, provided it
can be shown, through either satisfactory service experience or a systematic analysis based on sound
engineering principles, to meet the overall safety standards of these Rules. Unless stated otherwise,
electric propulsion equipment and systems are to comply with the applicable requirements in other
parts of Part 4, Chapter 3, as well.
3.1.2 Plans and Data to be Submitted
In addition to the plans and data to be submitted in accordance with 4-3-2/1, 4-3-3/1, and 6-1-7/3, the
following plans and data are to be submitted for review:
• One line diagrams of propulsion control system for power supply, circuit protection, alarm,
monitoring, safety and emergency shutdown systems, including list of alarm and monitoring
points.
• Plans showing the location of propulsion controls and its monitoring stations.
• Arrangements and details of the propulsion control console or panel including schematic diagram
of the system therein.
• Arrangements and details of electric coupling.
• Arrangements and details of the semiconductor converters enclosure for propulsion system
including data for semiconductor converter, cooling system with its interlocking arrangement.
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3.3.5 Harmonics
A harmonic distortion calculation is to be submitted for review for all vessels with electric propulsion.
The calculation is to indicate that the harmonic distortion levels at all locations throughout the
power distribution system (main generation switchboard, downstream power distribution switchboards,
etc.) are within the limits of 4-3-2/7.9. The harmonic distortion levels at dedicated propulsion
buses are also to be within the limits of 4-3-2/7.9, otherwise documentation from the manufacturer
is to be submitted indicating that the equipment is designed for operation at a higher level of distortion.
Where higher values of harmonic distortion are expected, any other possible effects, such as additional
heat losses in machines, network resonances, errors in control and monitoring systems are to be
considered.
Means of monitoring voltage harmonic distortion shall be provided, including alarms at the main
generation switchboard and at continuously manned stations when to notify of an increase in total
or individual harmonic distortion levels above the maximum allowable levels.
Harmonic filters, if used, are to comply with requirements mentioned in 4-3-2/9.19.
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3.5.2(c) Unit’s Service Generator Connection. Where the excitation supply is obtained from the
unit’s service generators, the connection is to be made to the generator side of the generator circuit
breaker with the excitation supply passing through the overload current device of the breaker.
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3.13.1(a) For AC Systems. Ammeter, voltmeter, indicating wattmeter, and field ammeter* for each
propulsion generator and for each synchronous motor.
3.13.1(b) For DC Systems. An ammeter for each main circuit and one or more voltmeters with
selector switches for reading voltage on each propulsion generator and motor.
3.13.1(c) For Electric Slip Couplings. An ammeter for the coupling excitation circuit.
* Field ammeter is not required for brushless generators.
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3.17.2(c) Field Switches. Where necessary, field switches are to be arranged for discharge resistors
unless discharge resistors are permanently connected across the field. For alternating-current systems,
means are to be provided for de-energizing the excitation circuits by the unbalance relay and earth
relay.
3.17.3 Cooling Systems for Machinery and Equipment
3.17.3(a) Air Coolers. For requirements covering air cooling systems of propulsion generators
and motors, see 6-1-7/17.3.1(c).
3.17.3(b) Forced Cooling. For requirements covering forced ventilation or forced water cooling
of semiconductor converters, see 6-1-7/12.5.8.
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Risks associated with technical faults and inadvertent operations of the emergency shutdown. Each vessel
is to develop a detailed plan for recovery and restoration of operation after operation of each level of ESD.
ESD Stations that can enable a total unit shutdown should not be located in locations which are unmanned
under normal operations except in the backup DP Control Station, if applicable and provided. Where ESD
stations are provided at the lifeboat stations or other unmanned locations, the total unit ESD (complete
shutdown) is to be protected from unauthorized personnel or not available at these unmanned locations.
7.1.1 Functional Design Basis Document (FDS)
The ESD FDS Operation Manual is to define the ESD levels and provide a list of equipment or
areas that are affected by the different ESD levels. Also, this is to indicate which ESD levels are
available at each ESD station. Further, the manual is to provide instructions on to reset the
affected systems after each ESD.
The ESD FDS is to provide guidance describing the typical scenarios that the ESD levels should
be used and who has access to use them.
The ESD FDS is to be included or referenced in the unit’s operating manual.
7.1.2 Gas Detection/ESD System Cause and Effect Chart
Where shutdown groups are initiated automatically upon gas detection, a Gas Detection / ESD
System Cause and Effect Chart is to relate gas detection sensors to ESD shutdown groups of
equipment and areas on the unit.
7.1.3 Machinery Associated with Dynamic Positioning System
In the case of units using dynamic positioning systems as a sole means of position keeping, special
consideration may be given to the selective disconnection or shutdown of machinery and equipment
associated with maintaining the operability of the dynamic positioning system in order to preserve
the integrity of the well.
7.1.4 Operation After Shutdown
The following services are to be operable after an emergency shutdown:
i) Emergency lighting for locations listed in 4-3-2/5.3.1 for half an hour
ii) General alarm
iii) Blow-out preventer control system
iv) Public address system
v) Distress and safety radiocommunications
All equipment in exterior locations which is capable of operation after shutdown is to be suitable
for installation in Zone 2 locations.
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TABLE 1
High Voltage Equipment Locations and Minimum Degree of Protection
Switchboards, Distribution Boards, Motor Control Centers
and Controllers
Generators
Example Condition Motors
of of Transformers, Converters
Location Location Junction/Connection Boxes
Dry control rooms Danger of touching live IP32 N/A N/A IP23 IP44
Authorized Personnel Only parts only
Dry control rooms IP42 N/A N/A IP44 IP44
Control rooms Danger of dripping liquid IP32 N/A N/A IP23 IP44
Authorized Personnel Only and/or moderate mechanical
Control Rooms damage IP42 N/A N/A IP44 IP44
Above floor plates in machinery spaces IP32 IP23 IP23 IP23 IP44
Authorized Personnel Only (1)
Above floor plates in machinery spaces IP42 IP23 IP43 IP44 IP44
Emergency machinery rooms IP32 IP23 IP23 IP23 IP44
Authorized Personnel Only
Emergency machinery rooms IP42 IP23 IP43 IP44 IP44
Below floor plates in machinery spaces Increased danger of liquid N/A N/A * * IP44
Authorized Personnel Only and/or mechanical damage
Below floor plates in machinery spaces N/A N/A * N/A IP44
Ballast pump rooms Increased danger of liquid IP44 N/A IP44 IP44 IP44
Authorized Personnel Only and mechanical damage
Ballast pump rooms IP44 N/A IP44 IP44 IP44
Holds for general cargo Danger of liquid spray * * * * IP55
presence of cargo dust,
serious mechanical damage,
and/or aggressive fumes
Open decks (2) Not exposed to seas N/A IP56 IP56 IP56 IP56
(2)
Open decks Exposed to seas N/A N/A * * *
“*” indicates that equipment in excess of 1000 V is not normally permitted in these locations
Notes:
1 See 4-3-3/3.1.1 where the equipment is located within areas affected by local fixed pressure water-spraying or
water-mist fire extinguishing systems
2 For High Voltage Shore Connections (HVSC) see the requirements in the ABS Guide for High Voltage Shore
Connection
3 Where the IP rating of the high voltage electrical equipment has been selected on the basis that it is only accessible
to authorized personnel, the entrance doors to the spaces in which such equipment is located, are to be marked
accordingly.
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PART Section 6: Hazardous Areas
4
CHAPTER 3 Machinery, Equipment and Their Installation
1 Definitions
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FIGURE 1
Hazardous Zones
Broken lines represent open, semi-enclosed, or enclosed zone.
Zone 1 Zone 1
Self-closing Gastight
Door (having no hold Air
back device) Flow
Zone 1 Zone 2
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FIGURE 2
Hazardous Zones
Broken lines represent open, semi-enclosed, or enclosed zone.
Zone 2 Zone 2
Self-closing Gastight
Door (having no hold Air
back device) Flow
Zone 2 Non-Hazardous
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FIGURE 3
Hazardous Zones
Broken lines represent open, semi-enclosed, or enclosed zone.
Air
Flow
Air
Zone 1 Lock Non-Hazardous
Zone 1 Zone 1
Self-closing Gastight
Door (having no hold Air
back device) Flow
Zone 1 Non-Hazardous
9 Ventilation
9.1 General
Attention is to be given to ventilation inlet and outlet locations and airflow in order to minimize the possibility
of cross contamination. Ventilation inlets are to be located in non-hazardous areas and as far as practicable
from the boundaries of any hazardous area, but to a distance not less than 1.5 m (5 ft). Ventilation for
hazardous areas is to be completely separate from that for non-hazardous areas.
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The outlet air from Zone 0, Zone 1 and Zone 2 spaces is to be led in separate ducts to outdoor locations
which in the absence of the considered outlet are of the same or lesser hazard than the ventilated space.
The internal spaces of such ducts are the same Zone as the inlet space. Ventilation ducts for hazardous
areas are to be at under pressure in relation to less hazardous areas and at overpressure in relation to more
hazardous areas, when passing through such areas, and are to be rigidly constructed to avoid air leaks.
Fans are to be of non-sparking construction, in accordance with 4-3-3/9.7.
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