Paperpdf

ISSN 2348-1196 (print)
International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology Research ISSN 2348-120X (online)
Vol. 9, Issue 2, pp: (52-58), Month: April - June 2021, Available at: www.researchpublish.com
IOT BASED SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM

USING SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR AND
ESP8266NODEMCU
1
Ms.S.Shobana, 2B. Sanjana Pandey, 3Padmashri.R, 4U.Triveni
M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute, University, Chennai, India
E-Mail:sanjanapandey3115@gmail.com
Abstract: The key objective of the paper is to monitor the soil moisture content during its dry and wet conditions
with the aid of a moisture sensor ,an automated water inlet setup which can also monitor and record temperature,
humidity etc. It controls the irrigation of Plants automatically where the need for human intervention can be
reduced
As water supply is becoming scarce in today’s world there is an urgency of adopting smart ways of irrigation The
project describes how irrigation can be handled smartly using IOT. This project aims to save time and avoiding
problems like constant vigilance. It also helps in conserving water automatically providing water to the
plants/fields depending on the water requirements this system can also prove to be helpful in agricultural parks
and lawns. The objective system is to detect the moisture content of the soil and depending upon its sprinkling of
water. This entire information will be sent to the user’s mobile phone. The smart irrigation system was developed
to optimize water use of crops.
The system has a distributed wireless network of soil-moisture temperature sensors placed in the root zone of the
plants. Also, a gateway unit handles sensor information, triggers, actuators, and transmits data to the web
application. An algorithm was developed with threshold values of temperature and soil moisture that was
programmed into a microcontroller-based gateway to control water quality the system was proved. The system
was powered by solar panel and it has a duplex communication link based on a cellular network.
Keywords: Soil moisture sensors, IoT , Arduino, Android, Microcontroller, duplex communication.
1. INTRODUCTION
Agriculture is considered as the basis of life for us as it is the main source of food and other raw materials. It plays vital
role in the growth of country’s economy. Growth in agricultural is necessary for the economic development condition of
a country. The system designed to irrigate at a time of regular intervals for predefined period of time. n this technique,
moisture sensor are placed at the root zone of the plant and near the gateway unit handles the sensor information and
transmit data to the controller which in turn control the water pump. The system is used in many processes factors like
soil moisture, salinity, humidity, temperature, intensity etc.
This needs to repeat the task and have to work in abnormal weather conditions. Soil has to overcome the flaws in the
irrigation system, the land based on the soil humidity and at the same time the status of irrigation is updated. The main
objective is to apply the system for improvement of health of the soil and hence the plant via multiple sensor. Appropriate
soil water level is a necessary pre-requisite for optimum plant growth. Also, water being an essential element for life
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Research Publish Journals
sustainable, there is vast necessity to avoid Its undue usage. Irrigation is a dominant consume of water. This calls for the
need to regulate water supply for irrigation purpose. Fields should neither be over-irrigated nor under- irrigated. The
objective of this thesis is to design a simple, easy to install methodology to monitor and indicate the level of soil moisture
that is continuously controlled in order to achieve maximum amount of water in the land environment.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
1. Soil moisture, Temperature, Humidity, Gas[1]
Soil moisture is the water stored in the soil and is affected by precipitation, temperature, soil characteristics and more. As
moisture availability decline, the normal function and growth of plants are disrupts and crop yields are reduced. As
climate changes, moisture availability is becoming more variable. Since moisture is critical and water weather prediction
and numerous sensitivity studies investigating the impacts of soil moisture initialisation.
Plants need four things to survive : light, water, soil and air. However ,to raise healthy plants, the most important element
is the effect of water Respiration in plants
The Arduino Uno can be programmed to analyze some signals from sensors such as moisture, temperature and
humidity.A pump is used to pump the water to fertilize and water the plants. This research work enhance to help the
small-scale areas cultivators will be increased the yield of crops then will increase government eeconomy.Automating
farm or nursery irrigation permits farmers to use the correct quality of water at the correct time.Additionally farmer’s
mistreatment automation instrumentation is able to scale back runoff from over watering saturated soils,avoid irrigating at
the incorrect time in a day. They lack in an exceeding featured mobile application developed for users with acceptable
user interface. It solely permits the user to observe and maintain the wetness level remotely in no matter of time.
The process of water leaving the leaves through evaporation via the stomach on the underside of the leaves.
A humidity sensor senses, measures and reports both moisture and air temperature. The ratio of moisture in the air to the
Highest amount of moisture at a particular air temperature is called relative humidity. Relative humidity becomes an
important factor when looking for comfort. Humidity Sensors work by detecting changes that alter electrical currents or
temperature in the air.
Soil temperature appears to be more critical than air temperature when irrigating during mid-summer. Irrigation water gets
warm, but it’s okay when the water is cold. There are two reason for this, colder water holds more dissolved oxygen and
colder temperature keeps demand for oxygen relatively low.
2. Soil Volumetric Water Content [2]
Volumetric water content is a numerical measure of soil moisture. It is simply the ratio of water volume to soil
volume.Another equally valid measurement is GWC, gravimetric water content, which measure weight rather than
volume. Graphing the VWC for a soil sample is a simple. The gravimetric soil water content is expressed per unit mass of
oven-dried soil.
3. Temperature, Moisture, ph value of soil, Humidity [3]
Soil pH is used to indicate the acidity of soil, and is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions(H+) in the soil
solution. pH is measured from 1(acidic)to14( alkaine,with 7 being neutral and is measured on a negative logarithmic
scale. The lower pH , higher the acidity. Most plants are favoured by a pH between 5.5 and 8.
4. Moisture, Temperature, ph content(T,M,P) [4]
The pH of irrigation water should usually be within the range of 5.5 to 6.5 enhance the solubility of most micronutrients
and avoids a steady increase in the pH of the growing medium. This pH range also optimize the solubility of nutrients in
concentrated fertilizer stock solution.
Moisture is a presence of a liquid, especially water, often in trace amounts. Small amount is water may be found in the air
and in foods.
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5. A Low Cost Smart Irrigation System Using MQTT Protocal [5]

In India agriculture plays a very important rule. The objective is mainly to collect the data from the sensor and send the
data whenever user wants to check the required soil moisture and water pump. pH sensor will be in activated state until it
suggests the farmer about the type of crop to be grown. Soil moisture sensor will be monitored continuous if the dampness
content is less than the threshold value of the motar will start watering the plant.
6. IOT Based Smart Power Management System Using WSN [6]
In recent years internet technologies and WSN are expanding rapidly. Hence home environment has been a rapid
introduction of network enabled digital technology which offers new and exciting opportunities to enhance the
connectivity of devices within the home for purpose of home automation. WSN support power management using web
services and middleware technologies. This system is designed by the integration of WSN with web service
communication to acknowledge the power management and provide information services using IOT platform. The
demand of WSN are increasing rapidly in the hoses for energy controlling service.
7.Smart Water Dripping System for Agriculture/ farming [7]
Water scarcity has been a big issue for agriculture. This proposed idea is beneficial to the farmers to irrigate the farms
efficiently using an automated irrigation system based on soil temperature, moisture and pH. There is increased pressure
on existing water requirements globally. The productivity of the irrigation system.
3. EXISTING SYSTEM
In the existing method the farming is done manually by farmer, before moving to the topic farmers can’t predict the
weather conditions and do farm in there land. There came a new technology to calculate soil moisture level, humidity and
temperature belonging to the land condition. A sprinkler and a water pump is used and for displaying the calculated value
microcontroller or led is used. This is very effective but in rural and urban areas there is no internet connection to connect
with the led display, sometimes there may be power fluctuations also occurs. For overcoming the method new technology
is used in this irrigation system.
Disadvantages:
 It is consume more work.
 It consumes more Manpower
 It needs internet connectivity
 Data is stored in the Arduino
 Accurate data is not known
 Water consumption is high
4. PROPOSED SYSTEM
In our Proposed system of smart irrigation system using soil moisture sensor ESP8266 NODE MCU is a combination of
hardware and software components. The hardware part consists of different sensor like soil moisture sensor, photocell
sensor etc. An Arduino board and other components using Internet of Things(IOT) . The android based application
consists of signals and a database in which readings are displayed from sensors and are inserted using the hardware. The
improvement in irrigation system using a wireless network is a solution to achieve Water conservation as well as
improvement in the irrigation process. This research tries to automate the process of irrigation on the farmland by
monitoring the soil water level.
Advantages:
 Less power consumption
 Direct water to the land
 No water is wasted
 Efficient for farmers technically
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5. IMPLEMENTATION WORK
System Architecture:
The implementation of irrigation system the soil moisture sensor and ESP266 NODEMCU is compulsory. Connect the
hardware components to breadboard and jump wires are used to connect the positive and negative ends of the soil
moisture sensor. Wi-Fi is connected with the help of Thinkspeak server and run the program . The values of temperature,
humidity, moisture are known in Arduino Uno Board.
Modules:
The method of irrigation system are as follows:
Sensors: In this irrigation system two types of sensors are used.
 Soil moisture sensor
 DHT 11 Sensor
The soil moisture sensor is connected with breadboard and positive and negative wires are connected. Sample plant is
kept inside the glass jar and moisture content is measured using Arduino Uno. The DHT11 sensor is used under low- cost
digital temperature and humidity sensor. It measure the surrounding air and splits out a digital signal on the data pin.
Soil moisture sensor
DHT11 Sensor
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Think speak : Think speak provides instant visualization of data posted by your device to think speak. Here we can
perform online analysis and processing of the data as it comes in. This is often used for prototyping and proof of concept
IOT system that requires analytics.
Think speak enables the sensor to send data to the cloud where it is stored in either a private or a public channel. Create
your own channel to calculate the moisture, temperature and humidity etc.
Fig 5.1 Home Page

 Open think speak server
Fig 5.2 Channel page

 Create a channel using a mail id
 Create a password and confirm password.
Fig 5.3 API keys

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Fig 5.4 Adding fields
Fig 5.5 Temperature, humidity

This bar chart provide the temperature and humidity calculation
The measure of soil, temperature and humidity graph is shown above:
Fig 5.6 Bar graph
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6. CONCLUSION AND THE FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

Currently, farmers control irrigation metho by manually and irrigate their area at a systematic period of time. These
mechanisms deplete high amount of water and the outcome is water less. While dry area’s have less rainfall and irrigation
is challenging. Therefore,ESP8266 Wi-Fi based communication system has been taken because of the ease of application,
maintenance and price. The gadget is automated that will accurately monitor and control the water requirement and
reliable. The communication through the website authorised the user to interact with sensor from anywhere in the world in
nanosecond which is fruitful for the user to interact with sensor from anywhere in the Arduino that diminish power
consumption by ascending the system life executes on large for relatively small investment. The system can also be
designed for temperature sensor based cooling system. Even after then they need to wait until the field is properly
watered, which makes them to stop doing other activities. Here is an idea which helps not only farmers even for watering
the gardens also, which senses the soil moisture and switch the pump automatically when the power is ON.
REFERENCES
[1] Soil moisture, temperature, humidity, gas by U Gautami et al.in 2018.
[2] Soil Volumetric water content by Jose O.Payero et al.in 2017.
[3] Temperature, moisture, ph value of soil, humidity by Radhika A et al.in 2018.
[4] Moisture, Temperature, ph content (T,M,P) by Shridhar Mhaiskar et al.in 2017.
[5] Ravi Kishore Kodali and Borade Samar Sarjerao,”A Low Cost Smart Irrigation System Using MQTT
Protocal”’IEEE Region 10 Symposium (TENSYMP), Cochin, India,2017.
[6] Pallavi Ravindra Joshi 1 and Prof.M S Khan,”IOT Based Smart Power Management System Using
WSN”’International Journal of Advanced Research Trends in Engineering and Technology,Vol : 04,Issue :06, June-
2017.
[7] Priyanka Padalalu, Sonal Mahajan Kartikee Dhabir Sushmita Mitkaran Deepali Javale,”Smart water Dripping
System for Agriculture/ Farming”,2nd International conference for Convergence in Technology (I2CT), Mumbai,
India,pp.65
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ISSN 2348-1196 (print)

IOT BASED SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM

M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute, University, Chennai, India

2. Soil Volumetric Water Content [2]

3. Temperature, Moisture, ph value of soil, Humidity [3]

4. Moisture, Temperature, ph content(T,M,P) [4]

5. A Low Cost Smart Irrigation System Using MQTT Protocal [5]

 Soil moisture sensor

Soil moisture sensor

Fig 5.1 Home Page

Fig 5.2 Channel page

 Create a password and confirm password.

Fig 5.3 API keys

Fig 5.4 Adding fields

Fig 5.5 Temperature, humidity

Fig 5.6 Bar graph

6. CONCLUSION AND THE FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

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