Hydroponics Plant Monitoring System Using IoT: A Review

Volume 8, Issue 12, December – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
Hydroponics Plant Monitoring

System using IoT: A Review
Mahajan Nikhil Dnyaneshwar 1 Dhage Swapnil Prabhakar 2
Department of Electronics and Telecommunication. Department of Electronics and Telecommunications
Government College of Eng. Government College of Eng.
Jalgaon, India Jalgaon, India
Swapna C. Jadhav3
Department of Electronics and Telecommunications
Government College of Eng.
Jalgaon, India
Abstract:- For more production in farming, many farmers using a hydroponic system for growing food for their space
use more fertilizers and pesticides. All these chemical scientist in space. Farmers can benefit from a hydroponics
fertilizers are harmful to human health. So organic plant monitoring system that uses IoT. The IoT platform is
farming will be necessary nowadays. Hydroponic farming utilized to monitor water parameters in these systems, which
is one of the organic farming. Inside hydroponic no are used to cultivate plants. Water parameters include Total
fertilizers and pesticides are sprinkled on plants by Dissolved Solid (TDS), temperature, pH, and water level. All
farmers. Our paper describes about closed-loop of these factors are determined by attaching various sensors.
hydroponic system. Closed loop hydroponic means all After carrying data by sensors this data is fed to cloud or IoT-
parameters that are required for hydroponic farming are based applications for further processing on this data. With the
controlled and monitored automatically with the help of help of Data Analytics and Machine Learning can generate
IoT. Here NodeMCU serves as the central control unit of useful predictions for further systems. Controlling water
our system which controls all parameters system. parameters is possible with the help of different actuators.
Hydroponic systems connected with IoT are perfect so
Keywords:- Hydroponics Iot, NFT, TDS, Thing Speak, Etc. controlling and monitoring these parameters from a distance is
possible for farmers.
I. INTRODUCTION
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
Nowadays every sector is growing, development in the
agriculture sector is also the most important part. So, Paper [1] has described what is the utility of systems used
innovation and new experiments are expected in agriculture. where soil degradation is high, and hydroponic can be framed
Because 68% of the Indian population depends on agriculture indoors. It is used in terrace gardening. The author designed a
for their livelihood. India has a great history of farming system to produce plants/crops efficiently by reducing the
techniques, and many innovations in the field of agriculture usage of water, nutrients, and area required for farming.
have been made in India.
Paper [2] has given information about NFT (Nutrition
Hydroponics plant monitoring system using IoT is a low film Technique), this technique is a popular one that is
labour cost system. Hydroponics is a system in which plants practiced widely in hydroponic farming. Also, these papers
or vegetables are cultivated without soil. Inside Hydroponic explain what you need to build a NFT system. While
instead of soil, water is used for cultivating plants. With the controlling different parameters of water with a
help of water only it is not possible to grow plants, so inside Nutrition solution we must change the TDS for different plants
water all nutrients are provided which are required to grow and vegetables. The temperature range of water is between 18-
plants. Hydroponic is derived from the Greek word, hydro, 26℃ and the pH range is between 6.0-7.0. These readings vary
which means water, and ponos means work. The main with different plants. For the different climate changes, change
objectives of the hydroponic system include growing in water temperature is important. Also, hydroponic can be
vegetables with minimal use of water and controlling the possible indoors so the cost of transportation is not required.
environment for better growth of vegetables.
[3] The paper focused on the explanation of hydroponics
As the population increases the problem of land and food farming and its IoT-based design and development means after
also increases. Then the hydroponic system is a solution to the acquiring data from different sensors, data is forwarded to the
problem of land and labour costs. In hydroponics plants are IoT platform. These papers describe the three layers of IoT,
cultivated in water instead of soil, hence this farming is including a perception layer, a transportation layer, and an
possible in any location like in home and space. NASA is also application layer. The author explains the plot regarding air
IJISRT23DEC1922 www.ijisrt.com 2424

ISSN No:-2456-2165
temperature and air humidity, sunlight illumination, TDS, and  Step 1: Sow the seeds in the soil and water only until they
pH of Nutrient solution. These data were taken from the last germinate.
20 days. The author performed a correlation study between the  Step 2: After germination, develop our veggie into an NFT
temperature of the hydroponic solution and the air using a setup when two leaves are visible.
database that was gathered during system operation. As  Step 3: Maintain the water parameter in which you will
opposed to the air temperature, it is evident that the water offer nutrients to veggies.
temperature increased later. This enables us to create a plan to  Step 4: While giving the nutrition adjust the TDS of water
use air temperature to forecast variations in water temperature, as per the following tables.
therefore stabilizing the temperature of the nutrient solution.
Table 1 ph Values for Leafy Vegetables
In [4], the author discussed intelligent hydroponic Weeks \Seasons TDS in ppm
monitoring systems. Describe about different sensors that are Summer Winter
used for building systems like TDS, pH, etc., and describe the 1st week 150 200
voltage and current rating of all sensors and devices they use. 2nd week 200 250
Here Author used the ThingSpeak IoT platform for monitoring 3rd week 280-300 300-330
and controlling purposes. 4th week 350-400 400-450
(These Just Reference Values )
III. SYSTEM PROPOSED
 Maintain pH up to 5.5 to 6.5 For plants to grow best, they
When we think about plants, and how they are growing need to be exposed to full sunlight for at least eight hours
so many people think that it's required soil. But when we think each day. Placing plants by a window, even if it is well-lit,
scientifically soil is just a medium for providing nutrition. is not enough for optimal growth. The use of lights to
Plants grow with the help of nutrition and the process of extend the exposure time is not a sufficient substitute for
photosynthesis. In photosynthesis, plants use sunlight and natural sunlight. Inadequate exposure to sunlight can lead
chlorophyll to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose to slow growth and development, which is usually seen as
and oxygen. For growing plants sunlight, carbon dioxide spindly-looking plants. If you want to avoid nutrient-
(CO2), and water are necessary factors. By considering all these element deficiency symptoms, it is essential to ensure that
things, we give our solution to make these hydroponics very your plants are exposed to full sunlight.
effective. In Hydroponic plant monitoring system using IoT  Maintain tempature upto 24°C and 30°C (Here these
design to automate our hydroponic farming. parameter is shown only for leafy vegetables. It changes
concerning the type of vegetables.)
There are different types of hydroponic systems but NFT
(Nutrition Film Techniques) is the most popular system. As
 Block Diagram of System
many reasons behind the popularity of NFT but some are key
and considerable like.
 A reservoir to contain the nutrient solution

 Nutrient pump
 Tubes to distribute water from the nutrient pump to the
NFT growing tubes.
 Channel for the plants to grow in
 Net pots to contain plants and growing media to start
seedling in
 Return the system (tubing, channel) to guide the used
nutrient solution back to the reservoir.
 Papers [2] and [4] give more ideas about NFT techniques.
 Generally, Farmers will Grow two Types of Vegetables
 Leafy Vegetables
Romaine lettuce, green leaf lettuce, red leaf lettuce,
butter lettuce, baby leaf lettuce, escarole, endive, spring mix,
spinach, cabbage, kale, arugula, and chard are examples of
leafy vegetables.
Fig 1 General Block Diagram
 Fruity Vegetables
The figure shows the block diagram of a Hydroponic
Cucumbers, eggplant, okra, sweet corn, squash, peppers,
system using IoT. This system works on the NodeMCU board
and tomatoes are examples of fruity vegetables. We must take
which is a Wi-fi based module. This module takes the inputs
certain procedures when cultivating these plants.
from the sensor processes the input data and generates the
output. There are various sensors are used to capture the data

ISSN No:-2456-2165
from the physical environment. We used the temperature Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development,
sensor DS18B20 to measure the temperature of the water, it is vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 210-219, 2022.
a waterproof temperature sensor. The pH sensor module kit is [4]. S. M. J. W. A. A. J. O. Jalani H. Naphtali1, "An
used to measure the pH of water continuously. Another one is Intelligent Hydroponic Farm Monitoring System using
a TDS sensor module, which is used to measure the electrical IoT," 2022.
conductance (EC) of water. Water level indicator sensor for [5]. I. M. N. K. P. S. R. G. Gokul S, "Smart
alerting water level of tank. To maintain the surrounding Hydroponic System Using IOT".
environment of the plant and the water level in the tank, use a [6]. D. S. C. Mitali V. Shewale, "IoT based plant
water pump and cooling fan. For real-time monitoring of the Monitor System for Hydroponics Agriculture: a
parameters and future use of data, ThingSpeak is an open- Review," International Journal for Research in
source cloud platform. Applied Science and Engineering Technology, vol. 6,
no. II, pp. 1628- 1631, 2018.
 Some Advantages of our System are as follows [7]. D. S. C. Mitali V. Shewale, "Internet of Things
Based Plant Monitoring System for Hydroponics
 This type of farming reduced labour costs. Agriculture," Journal of Emerging Technologies
 Soil-based farming has some soil-based crop diseases, here and Innovation Research(JETIR), vol. 5, no. 8, pp. 242-
no soil no soil-based diseases are there. 249, 2018.
 It required small land.
 Soilless farming.
 Plants can grow anywhere indoors and outdoors.
 Reduced water usage.
 With the help of IoT monitoring and controlling is possible
from anywhere.
IV. CONCLUSION
Hydroponic farming is a type of organic farming that

involves growing plants using water. Many farmers are turning
to hydroponic farming due to its numerous advantages.
Hydroponic farming is mainly based on water, so maintaining
the proper water and required solution to this system is
important doing such activity manually is hard and time-
consuming so IoT-based hydroponic plant monitoring system
is used. This system monitors those important parameters and
maintains them according to our needs.
In today's world, land is becoming scarce and its prices

are increasing day by day. To tackle this issue, hydroponic
systems are proving to be very useful as they enable plants to
grow on less land and with less water. These systems are cost-
effective and require regular maintenance, along with a
continuous supply of water and electricity. In the future, to
reduce the need for continuous electricity, we can utilize solar
plates to save electricity.
REFERENCES
[1]. S. P. U. S. Nivesh Patil, "Monitoring of

Hyderophonics System using IoT Technology,"
International Research Journal of Engineering and
Technology (IRJET), vol. 07, no. 06, pp. 1455-1458,
June 2020.
[2]. A. K. D. N. B. G. S. S. CH. VASANTHA LAKSHMI1,
"Hydroponic Farm Monitoring System Using
IoT," ICONIC RESEARCH AND
ENGINEERING JOURNALS, vol. 3, no. 10, pp. 257-
261, 2020.
[3]. B. T. V. T. Q. H. N. Huu Cuong Nguyen,
"Automatic Monitoring System for Hydroponic
Farming: IoT-Based Design and Development,"

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Volume 8, Issue 12, December – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology