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    Grammar Notes 3

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    choosecpe2023
    This document contains grammar notes in Japanese with English translations. It discusses: 1) Using を (o) to indicate the direct object of a transitive verb. 2) Using verbs like "shimasu" where the action is performed on the object noun. 3) Asking what someone does using "nani o shimasu ka". 4) The difference between "nan" and "nani" when asking "what". 5) Using "de" to indicate where an action takes place. 6) Using "masen ka" to invite someone politely. 7) Using "mashou" to positively invite someone. 8) Adding "o

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    Grammar Notes 3

    Uploaded by

    choosecpe2023
    25 views9 pages
    This document contains grammar notes in Japanese with English translations. It discusses: 1) Using を (o) to indicate the direct object of a transitive verb. 2) Using verbs like "shimasu" where the action is performed on the object noun. 3) Asking what someone does using "nani o shimasu ka". 4) The difference between "nan" and "nani" when asking "what". 5) Using "de" to indicate where an action takes place. 6) Using "masen ka" to invite someone politely. 7) Using "mashou" to positively invite someone. 8) Adding "o

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    Grammar Notes version 3

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    Grammar-Notes-3

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    This document contains grammar notes in Japanese with English translations. It discusses: 1) Using を (o) to indicate the direct object of a transitive verb. 2) Using verbs like "shimasu" where the action is performed on the object noun. 3) Asking what someone does using "nani o shimasu ka". 4) The difference between "nan" and "nani" when asking "what". 5) Using "de" to indicate where an action takes place. 6) Using "masen ka" to invite someone politely. 7) Using "mashou" to positively invite someone. 8) Adding "o

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    25 views9 pages

    Grammar Notes 3

    Uploaded by

    choosecpe2023
    This document contains grammar notes in Japanese with English translations. It discusses: 1) Using を (o) to indicate the direct object of a transitive verb. 2) Using verbs like "shimasu" where the action is performed on the object noun. 3) Asking what someone does using "nani o shimasu ka". 4) The difference between "nan" and "nani" when asking "what". 5) Using "de" to indicate where an action takes place. 6) Using "masen ka" to invite someone politely. 7) Using "mashou" to positively invite someone. 8) Adding "o

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    of 9

    Grammar Notes 3

    Vocabulary
    Nihongo de Eigo de Nihongo de Eigo de

    Suimasu Smoke (a cigarette) Itsumo Always, usually


    [tabako o ~]
    Tokidoki Sometimes
    Mimasu See, look, watch at
    Sorekara After that, and then
    Kikimasu Hear, listen
    Eiga Movie
    Yomimasu Read
    Shashin Photograph
    Kakimasu Write, draw, paint
    Niwa Garden
    Kaimasu Buy
    Shukudai Homework
    Torimasu Take [a photograph]
    [shashin o ~] [O]hanami Cherry-blossom viewing
    Shimasu Do (~o shimasu: go cherry-blossom viewing
    Isshoni Together
    Aimasu Meet
    [tomodachi ni ~] Chotto A little while, a little bit
    GRAMMAR EXPLANATION

    1. N o V (transitive)

    を (o) is used to indicate the direct object of a transitive verb.

    Ex. ジュース o nomimasu. I drink juice.

    Note: を and お are pronounced the same. The former is used only in writing the
    particle.
    GRAMMAR EXPLANATION

    2. N o shimasu

    The words used as the objects of the verb します (shimasu) cover a fairly wide range.
    Shimasu means that the action denoted by the noun is performed. Some examples are
    shown below.

    Ex. 1. to “play” sports or games


    サッカー o shimasu. I play football.
    2. to “hold” gatherings
    Ashita パーティー o shimasu. I will give/hold/go to a party tomorrow.
    3. to “do” something
    Konban shukudai o shimasu. I will do my homework tonight.
    GRAMMAR EXPLANATION

    3. Nani o shimasu ka

    This is a question to ask what someone does.

    Ex. Getsuyoubi nani o shimasu ka? What will you do on Monday?


    …Kyouto e ikimasu. …I will go to Kyouto.

    Kinou nani o shimashita ka? What did you do yesterday?


    …サッカー o shimashita. …I played football.

    Note: You can make a word expressing time the topic by adding は (wa).

    Ex. Getsuyoubi wa nani o shimasu ka? On Monday, what will you do?
    4. Nan and nani
    Both nan and nani mean “what.”
    1. Nan is used in the following cases.

    (1) When it precedes a word whose first mora is either in the ta, da, or na row.

    Ex. Sore wa nan desu ka? What is that?


    Nan no hon desu ka? What is the book about?
    Neru mae ni nan to iimasu ka? What do you say before going to bed?

    (2) When it is followed by a counter suffix or the like

    Ex. Teresa chan wa nan sai desu ka? How old is Teresa.

    2. Nani is used in all other cases.

    Ex. Nani o kaimasu ka? What will you buy?


    5. N (place) de V
    When added after a noun denoting a place, “de” indicates the place where an action
    occurs.

    Ex. Eki de shinbun o kaimasu. I buy the newspaper at the train station.

    6. V masen ka
    When you want to invite someone to do something, this expression is used.

    Ex. Isshoni Kyoto e ikimasen ka. Won’t you come to Kyoto with us?
    Ee, ii desu ne. That’s a nice idea
    7. V mashou

    This expression is used when a speaker is positively inviting the listener to do


    something with the speaker. It is also used when responding positively to an
    invitation.

    Ex. (1) Chotto yasumimashou. Let’s have a break.

    (2) Isshoni hirugohan o tabemasen ka. Won’t you have lunch with me?
    Ee, tabemashou. Yes, let’s go eat.
    8. O~

    The prefix o is attached to words regarding the listener or the person being referred to, to
    show respect (ex. [O]kuni – country)

    O is also attached to various other words when the speaker is speaking politely (ex., [o]sake
    alcohol, [o]hanami cherry-blossom viewing).

    There are some other words that are usually used with o~ without meaning respect or
    politeness (ex. Ocha tea, okane money).

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