Home Assignment – 10

UNIT – VI OPTICS

Chapter – 10 WAVE OPTICS

CBSE 2023 (compartment)

1. In Young‟s double slit experiment, the intensity on the screen is I0 at a point where the path difference is λ.
The intensity at a point where path difference is λ/4 is :
(a) I0/4 (b) I0/2 (c) I0 (d) zero

2. A plane wave is incident on concave mirror of radius of curvature R. The reflected wave is a spherical wave
of radius:
(a) R/4 (b) R/2 (c) R (d) 2R

3. (i) In which case is diffraction effect more dominant – slit formed by two blades or slit formed by two
fingers?
(ii) Yellow light ( λ = 6000 A0 ) illuminates a single slit of width 1 X 10-4 m. Calculate (i) the distance
between two dark lines on either side of central maximum, in the diffraction pattern observed on a
screen kept 1.5 m away from the slit, and (ii) the angular spread of the first minimum.
OR
(i) What will be the colour of the central bright fringe in Young‟s double slit experiment if the
monochromatic source is replaced by a source of white light? Give reason for your answer.
(ii) In Young‟s double slit experiment, the slits are separated by 0.3 mm and the screen is placed 1.5 m away
from the slits. The distance between the central bright fringe and the sixth bright fringe is found to be
1.8 m. Find the wavelength of light used in the experiment.

CBSE 2023
1. Assertion (A) : In Young‟s double slit experiment all fringes are of two equal width.
Reason (R) : The fringe width depends upon wavelength of light (λ) used, distance of screen from plane of
slits (D) and slit separation (d).

2. What happens to the interference pattern when two coherent sources are (a) infinitely close, and
(ii) far apart from each other. (2)

3. State Huygen‟s principle. With the help of a diagram, show how a plane wave is reflected from a surface.
Hence verify the law of reflection. (3)
CBSE 2022
1. A parallel beam of light of wavelength 600 nm is incident normally on a slit of width 0.2 mm. If the resulting
diffraction pattern is observed on a screen 1 m away, find the distance of (i) first minimum, and (ii) second
maximum, from the central maximum. (3)

2. The principle of superposition is used to understand the phenomenon of interference of light waves. The
principle states that at a particular point the resultant displacement produced by number of waves is the
vector sum of the displacements produced by each wave. Light waves from two coherent sources produce
interference pattern. Thomas Young devised a way to obtain two coherent sources using two identical
pinholes (S1and S2) illuminated by a single monochromatic pinhole source S. Using these sources in his
 experiment known as Young‟s double slit experiment, Young studied the interference pattern. The pattern
consists of alternate bright and dark fringes. The distance between two successive bright or dark fringes
depends on the distance between S1and S2, the distance of the screen from the plane of S1 S2 and the
wavelength of the light used.

I. Consider the following waves :

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
Which pair of the waves coming from two sources S1 and S2 will produce interference?
(A) (i) and (ii) (B) (ii) and (iii) (C) (iii) and (iv) (D) (iv) and (i)

II. Two light waves of the same intensity I0 each, having a path difference of λ/4, emanating from
two coherent sources, meet at a point. The resultant intensity at the point will be
(A) Zero (B) I0 (C) 2 I0 (D) 4 I0

III. Vandana performs Young‟s double slit experiment by using orange, green and red lights successively.
If the fringe widths measured in the three cases are ω1, ω2 and ω3 respectively, then which of
the following is correct?
(A) ω2 > ω1 > ω3 (B) ω1 > ω2 > ω3 (C) ω2 > ω3 > ω1 (D) ω3 > ω1 > ω2

IV. In a Young‟s double slit experiment, the slit separation is 0.8 mm and the interference pattern is
obtained on a screen kept 50 cm from the plane of the slits S1 and S2. If the first bright fringe is formed
0.4 mm from the central maximum, the wavelength of light used is
(A) 480 nm (B) 560 nm (C) 640 nm (D) 680 nm

V. Consider the effect on the angular separation of the fringes in a Young‟s double slit
experiment due to the following operations :
(i) the screen is moved away from the plane of the slits,
(ii) the separation between the two slits is increased till fringes are observed.
Which of the following options is correct?
(A) It decreases in (i) but remains constant in (ii). (B) It decreases in both cases.
(C) It remains constant in (i) but decreases on (ii). (D) It remains constant in both cases.

CBSE 2020
(SET – 1)
1. In Young‟s double slit experiment, the path difference between two interfering waves at a point on the screen
is , λ being wavelength of the light used. The _______ dark fringe will lie at this point. (1)

2. If one of the slit in Young‟s double slit experiment is fully closed, the new pattern has _____ central
maximum in angular size. (1)
3. (a) What is a wavefront ? How does it propagate? Using Huygens‟ Principle, explain reflection of a plane
wavefront from a surface and verify the laws of reflection.
(b) A parallel beam of light of wavelength 500 nm falls on a narrow slit and the resulting diffraction pattern
is obtained on a screen 1 m away. If the first minimum is formed at a distance 2.5 mm from the centre
of the screen, find the (i) width of the slit, and (ii) distance of the first secondary maximum from the
centre of the screen. (5)
 CBSE 2019
1. (a) Why cannot phenomenon of interference be observed by illuminating two pin holes with two sodium
lamps?
(b) Two monochromatic waves having displacements y1 = a cos ωt and y2 = a cos (ωt + ϕ) from two coherent
sources interfere to produce an interference pattern. Derive the expression for the resultant intensity and
obtain the conditions for constructive and destructive interference.
(c) Two wavelengths of sodium light of 590 nm and 596 nm are used in turn to study the diffraction taking
place at a single slit of aperture 2 x 10-6 m. If the distance between the slit and the screen is 1.5 m,
calculate the separation between the positions of the second maxima of diffraction pattern obtained in the
two cases. (5)

CBSE 2018

1. Draw the intensity pattern for single slit diffraction and double slit interference. Hence state two differences
between interference and diffraction patterns. (3)

2. (a) Define wave front. Use Huygen‟s principle to verify the laws of refraction.
(b) How is linearly polarised light obtained by the process of scattering of light? Find the Brewster angle for
air-glass interface, when the refractive index of glass = 1.5 (5)

CBSE 2017
1. Draw the intensity pattern for single slit diffraction and double slit interference. Hence state two differences
between interference and diffraction patterns. (2)

2. (a) Define wavefront. Use Huygens‟ principle to verify the laws of refraction.
(b) How is linearly polarised light obtained by the process of scattering of light? Find the Brewster angle for
air-glass interface, when the refractive index of glass = 1.5 (5)

CBSE 2016
1. Define the term wave front. State Huygens‟s principle.
Consider a plane wave front incident on a thin convex lens. Draw a proper diagram to show how the incident
wave front transverse through the lens and after refraction focuses on the focal point of the lens, giving the
shape of the emergent wave front. (3)

3. Explain the following giving reasons: (3)

When monochromatic light is incident on a surface separating two media, the reflected and refracted light
both have same frequency as the incident frequency. When light travels from a rarer to a denser medium,
the speed decreases. Does this decrease in speed imply a reduction in the energy carried by the wave?
In the wave picture of light, intensity of light is determined by the square of the amplitude of the wave.
What determines the intensity in the photon picture of light?

CBSE 2015
1. Use Huygens‟s principle to show how a plane wavefront propagates from a denser to rarer medium. Hence
verify the Snell‟s law of refraction. (3)
2. (a) Consider two coherent sources S1 and S2 producing monochromatic waves to produce Interference
pattern. Let the displacement of the wave produced by S1 be given by Y1 = a cos ωt and the
displacement by S2 be Y2 = a cos (ωt+𝜙). Find out the expression for the amplitude of the resultant
displacement at a point and show that the intensity at that point will be I = 4a2 cos2 𝜙/2.
Hence establish the condition for constructive and destructive interference.
(b) What is the effect on the interference fringes in Young‟s double slit experiment when
(i) the width of the slit is increased;
(ii) the mono chromatic source is replaced by a source of white light? (5)

CBSE 2014
1. (a) In Young‟s double slit experiment, describe briefly how bright and dark fringes are obtained on the
screen kept in front of a double slit. Hence obtained the expression for the fringe width.
(b) The ratio of the intensities at minima to maxima in the Young‟s double slit experiment is 9:25.
Find the ratio of the widths of the slits. (5)

3. (a) Describe briefly how a diffraction pattern is obtained on the screen due to a narrow single slit illuminated
by monochromatic source of light. Hence obtain the conditions for the angular width of secondary maxima
and secondary minima.
(b) Two wavelengths of sodium light of 590 nm and 596 nm are used in turn to study the Diffraction taking
place at a single slit of aperture 2 x 10-6 m. The distance between the slit and the screen is 1.5 m.
Calculate the separation between the positions of first maxima of the diffraction pattern obtained in the
two cases. (5)

CBSE 2013
1. A parallel beam of light of 500 nm falls on a narrow slit and the resulting diffraction pattern is observed on a
screen 1 m away. It is observed that the first minimum is at a distance of 2.5 mm from the centre of the screen.
Calculate the width of the slit. (2)

CBSE 2012

1. How does the angular separation between fringes in single- slit diffraction experiment change when the
distance of separation between the slit and the screen is doubled? (1)

2. (a) In Young‟s double slit experiment, derive the condition for (i) constructive and (ii) destructive interference
at a point on the screen.
(b) Beam of light consisting of two wavelengths, 800nm and 600nm is used to obtain the interference fringes
in a Young‟s double slit experiment on a screen placed 1.4 m away. If the two slits are separated by 0.28
mm, calculate the least distance from which the central bright maximum where the bright fringes of the
two wavelengths coincide. (5)
 Home Assignment – 11
UNIT – VII (DUAL NATURE OF RADIATION AND MATTER)

Chapter – 11 Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

CBSE 2023 (Compartment)

(Set – 1)
1. Which of the following figures represents the variation of a
particle‟s momentum with the de Broglie wavelength
associated with it?

2. Light of frequency 1.5 is incident on a photosensitive

material of threshold frequency . If the frequency of the
incident radiation is kept constant and intensity is increased, the photo current will be :
(a) increases (b) decreases (c) not change (d) first decreases then become zero

3. Light of wavelength 3500 A0 is incident on two metals A and B. Which of them will yield photoelectrons,
if their work functions are 4.2 eV and 1.9 eV respectively? Make the necessary calculations to justify your
answer. (2)

4. The figure shows the variation of stopping potential V0 with frequencies of

incident monochromatic beam for a metal. Such a graph was first obtained by
R. A. Millikan in 1916 for sodium.
Explain how, using Einstein‟s photoelectric equation and the graph, you can obtain
value of (i) Planks constant, and (ii) work function of the metal, given the value of charge on electron. (2)

(Set – 2)
1. The figure shows the variation of photoelectric current (I) versus applied
voltage (V) for two photosensitive materials and for two different
intensities of the incident radiation. Identify the pairs of curves that
correspond to different materials for the same intensity of incident
radiation. Justify your answer in brief.

(Set – 3)
1. A beam of high energy photons, each of energy E is incident on a metal surface and electrons are ejected
from the surface. Assuming that the work function for the metal, ϕ is negligible, find the relation between
the de Broglie wavelength λ associated with photoelectrons and the energy of photons E. Show in a figure,
the variation of λ as a function of E. (2)

CBSE 2023
(Set -1 )
1. Which of the following metals does not exhibit emission of electrons from its surface when irradiated by
visible light
(a) Rubidium (b) Sodium (c) Cadmium (d) Caesium
2. Case Study : Figure shows the variation of photoelectric current measured in a
photo cell circuit as a function of the potential difference between the plates of
the photo cell when light beams A, B, C and D of different wavelengths are
incident on the photo cell. Examine the given figure and answer the following
questions:
(i) Which light beam has the highest frequency and why?
(ii) Which light beam has the longest wavelength and why?
(iii) Which light beam ejects photoelectrons with maximum
momentum and why? (4)
OR
What is the effect on threshold frequency and stopping potential on increasing the frequency of incident
beam of light? Justify your answer. (4)

(Set – 2)
1. A photon of wavelength 663 nm is incident on a metal surface. The work function of the metal is 1.50 eV.
The maximum kinetic energy of the emitted photo electron is
(a) 3.0 X 10-20 J (b) 6.0 X 10-20 J (c) 4.5 X 10-20 J (d) 9.0 X 10-20 J

(Set – 3)
1. The energy of a photon of wavelength 663 nm is
(a) 6.64 x 10-20 J (b) 5.18 x 10-19 J (c) 3.0 x 10-19 J (d) 2.0 x 10-20 J

CBSE 2022
1. Plot suitable graphs to show the variation of photoelectric current with the collector plate Potential for the
incident radiation of
(i) the same intensity but different frequencies ν1, ν2 and ν3 (ν1< ν2 < ν3)
(ii) the same frequency but different intensities I1, I2 and I3 (I1 < I2 < I3) (2)

2. Photoelectrons are emitted from a metal surface when illuminated with UV light of wavelength 330 nm.
The minimum amount of energy required to emit the electrons from the surface is 3.5 x 10-19 J.
Calculate : (i) the energy of the incident radiation, and (ii) the kinetic energy of the photoelectron. (3)

CBSE 2020
(SET – 1)
1. What is the wavelength of a photon of energy 3.3 x 10-19 J ? (1)

2. Define the term „threshold frequency‟ in photoelectric emission. (1)

3. The maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectrons emitted is doubled when the wavelength of the light
incident on the photosensitive surface changes from λ1 to λ2. Deduce expressions for the threshold
wavelength and work function for the metal surface in terms of λ1 and λ2. (3)

(SET – 2)
1. The threshold wavelength for the two photosensitive surfaces A and B are λ1 and λ2 , respectively. What is
the ratio of the work functions of the two surfaces? (1)
(SET – 3)
1. The threshold frequencies for the two photosensitive surfaces A and B are ν1 and ν2 , respectively. What is
the ratio of the velocities of the photoelectrons emitted from these surfaces when light of frequency ν is
incident on them and photoemission occurs? (1)

CBSE 2019
1. A photon and a proton have same de-Broglie wavelength λ. Prove that the energy of the photon is (2mλc/h)
times the kinetic energy of the proton. (2)
CBSE 2018
1. Draw graphs showing variation of photoelectric current with applied voltage for two incident radiation of
equal frequency and different intensities. Mark the graph for the radiation of higher intensity. (1)

2. If the light of wavelength 412.5 nm is incident on each of the metal given below, which one will show
photoelectric emission and why? (2)

CBSE 2017
1. Name the phenomenon which shows quantum nature of electromagnetic radiation. (1)

2. Explain giving reasons for the following :

(a) Photoelectric current in a photocell increases with the increase in the intensity of the incident radiations.
(b) The stopping potential (V0) varies linearly with the frequency (ν) of the incident radiation for a given
photosensitive surface with the slope remaining the same for different surfaces.
(c) Maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectrons is independent of the intensity of incident radiation. (3)

CBSE 2016
1. (a) Sketch the graphs showing variations of stopping potential with frequency of incident radiation for two
photosensitive materials A and B having threshold frequencies νA > νB.
(b) In which case is the stopping potential more and why?
(c) Does the slope of the graph depend on the nature of the material used? Explain. (3)

CBSE 2015
1. (a) Describe briefly three experimentally observed features in the phenomenon of photoelectric effect.
(b) Discuss briefly how wave theory of light cannot explain these features. (3)

2. (a) Write the important properties of photons which are used to establish Einstein‟s photoelectric equation.
(b) Use this equation to explain the concepts of (i) threshold frequency and (ii) Stopping potential. (3)

CBSE 2014
1. Define intensity of radiation on the basis of photon picture of light. Write its SI unit. (1)

2. An electron microscope uses electrons accelerated by a voltage of 50 kV. Determine the de Broglie
 wavelength associated with these electrons. Taking other factors, such as numerical aperture etc. to be
same, how does the resolving power of an electron microscope compare with that of an optical microscope
which uses yellow light? (3)
CBSE 2013
1. Write the expression for the de Broglie wavelength associated with a charged particle having charge „q‟
and mass „m‟, when it is accelerated by a potential V. (1)

2. Write Einstein‟s photoelectric equation and point out any two characteristic properties of photons on which
this equation is based. Briefly explain the three observed features which can be explained by this equation.

CBSE 2012
1. A proton and an electron have same kinetic energy. Which one has greater de Broglie wavelength and why?

2. Define the term (i) cut-off voltage and (ii) threshold frequency in relation to the phenomenon of photoelectric
effect. Using Einstein‟s photoelectric equation shows how the cut-off voltage and threshold frequency for a
given photosensitive material can be determined with the help of suitable plot/graph. (3)
 Home Assignment – 12
UNIT – VIII ATOMS AND NUCLEI
Chapter – 12 Atoms

CBSE 2023 (Compartment)

1. (i) An electron in a hydrogen atom jumps from second excited state to first excited state. Name the spectral
series in the spectrum of hydrogen atom to which the emitted radiation belongs.
(ii) Find the ratio of the wavelengths of the “most energetic spectral” lines in the Balmer series to that in
Paschen series of Hydrogen spectrum. (3)

CBSE 2023
(Set – 1)
1. A hydrogen atom makes a transition from n = 5 to n = 1 orbit. The wavelength of photon emitted is λ. The
wavelength of photon emitted when it makes transition from n = 5 to n = 2 orbit is
(a) 8 λ/7 (b) 16 λ/7 (c) 24 λ/7 (d) 32 λ/7

2. What is meant by ionisation energy? Write its value for hydrogen atom. (2)

(Set – 2)
1. Specify the transition of electron in the wavelength of the line in the Bohr model of hydrogen atom which give
rise to the spectral line of highest wavelength.
(a) n = 3 to n = 1 (b) n = 3 to n = 2 (c) n = 4 to n = 1 (d) n = 4 to n = 2

2. Which one of the following elements will require the highest energy to take out an electron from them?
Pb, Ge, C and Si
(a) Ge (b) C (c) Si (d) Pb

CBSE 2022
1. Draw the graph showing the variation of the number (N) of scattered alpha particles with scattering angle (θ)
in Geiger – Marsden experiment. Infer two conclusions from graph. (2)

CBSE 2020
(SET – 1)
1. In Geiger-Marsden experiment, the trajectory of α – particles in
Coulomb‟s field of a heavy nucleus is shown in the figure.
(a) What do „b‟ and „θ‟ represent in the figure ?
(b) What will be the value of „b‟ for (i) θ = 00, and (ii) θ = 1800 ? (2)

(SET – 3)
1. (a) Draw graph of radius of orbit (rn) in hydrogen atom as a function
of orbit number (n).
(b) In a hydrogen atom, find the ratio of the time taken by the electron to complete one revolution in the first
excited and in the second excited state. (3)
 CBSE 2019
1. A photon is emitted during the de-excitation of electron from a state n to the first excited state in hydrogen
atom, irradiating a metallic cathode of work function 2 eV, in a photo cell, with a stopping potential of
0.55 V. Obtain the value of the quantum number of the state n. (2)

2. A hydrogen atom in the ground state is excited by an electron beam of 12.5 eV energy. Find out the
maximum numbers of lines emitted by the atom from its excited state. (2)
3. Draw the plot of α- particle scattering by a thin foil of gold to show the variation of the number of the
scattered particles with scattering angle. Describe briefly how the large angle scattering explains the
existence of the nucleus inside the atom. Explain with the help of impact parameter picture, how Rutherford
scattering serves a powerful way to determine the upper limit on the size of the nucleus. (3)

CBSE 2018
1. (a) State Bohr‟s postulate to define stable orbits in hydrogen atom. How does de Broglie‟s Hypothesis explain
the stability of these orbits?
(b) A hydrogen atom initially in the ground state absorbs a photon which excites it to the n = 4 level.
Estimate the frequency of the photon. (3)

CBSE 2017
1. The short wavelength limit for the Lyman series of the hydrogen spectrum is 913.4 Å. Calculate the short
wavelength limit for Balmer series of the hydrogen spectrum. (2)

CBSE 2016
1. Define ionization energy. How would the ionization energy change when the electron in the hydrogen atom is
replaced by the particle of mass 200 times that of an electron but having the same charge? Calculate the
shortest wavelength of the spectral lines emitted in Balmer series. (Given R = 107 m-1) (2)

CBSE 2015
1. Calculate the shortest wavelength in the Balmer series of hydrogen atom. In which region (infra-red, visible,
ultraviolet) of hydrogen spectrum does this wavelength lie? (2)
2. When an electron in hydrogen atom jumps from third excited state to the ground state, how would the
De- Broglie wavelength associated with the electron change? Justify your answer. (2)

CBSE 2014
1. Using Rutherford‟s model of atom, derive the expression for the total energy of the electron in the hydrogen
atom. What is the significance of total negative energy possessed by the electron?
Using Bohr‟s postulates of the atomic model derive the expression for the radius of nth electron orbit. Hence,
obtain the expression for Bohr‟s radius. (2)

CBSE 2013
1. (a) Using Bohr‟s postulates, derive the expression for the frequency of radiation emitted when electron in
hydrogen atom undergoes transition from higher energy state (quantum number ni ) to lower state, (nf).
(b) When the electron in hydrogen atom jumps from energy state ni = 4 to nf = 3, 2, 1 identify the spectral
series to which the emission lines belong. (5)
 Home Assignment – 13
UNIT – VIII ATOMS AND NUCLEI
Chapter – 13 Nuclei

CBSE 2023 (Compartment)

(Set – 1)
1. In the nuclear reaction , X represents :

(a) (b) (c) (d)

2. The impact parameter for an alpha particle approaching a target nucleus is maximum when the scattering
angle (θ) is :
(a) 00 (b) 900 (c) 1800 (d) 450

3. Two nuclei have their mass numbers in the ratio of 1 : 27. What is the ratio of their nuclear densities?
(a) 1 : 27 (b) 1:1 (c) 1:9 (d) 1:3

4. (i) An α – particle having kinetic energy K approaches a nucleus of atomic number Z. It gets close to the
nucleus and then approaches a distance (d) and reverses its direction. Obtain an n expression for the
distance of closest approach (d) in terms of kinetic energy of the α – particle.
(ii) A proton and alpha particle approach a target nucleus in head – on position, with equal velocities.
Find the ratio of their distances of closest approach to the target nucleus. (3)

(Set – 2)
1. The binding energy per nucleon of is 7.97 MeV and that of is7.75 MeV. The energy (in MeV)
required to remove a neutron from is :
(a) 0.42 MeV (b) 7.86 MeV (c) 4.23 MeV (d) 3.64 MeV

(Set – 3)
1. The binding energy per nucleon is lower :
(a) for light nuclei only (b) both for the light nuclei and the heavy nuclei
(c) for heavy nuclei only (d) for nuclei of middle mass numbers only

CBSE 2023
(Set – 1)
1. The curve of binding energy per nucleon as a function of atomic mass number has a sharp peak for helium
nucleus. This implies that helium nucleus is
(a) radioactive (b) unstable (c) easily fissionable (d) more stable nucleus than its neighbours

2. Define the term, mass defect. How is it related to stability of the nucleus? (2)

3. (i) Distinguish between nuclear fission and fusion giving an example of each.
(ii) Explain the release of energy in the nuclear fission and fusion on the basis of binding energy per
nucleon curve.
OR
 (i) How is the size of a nucleus found experimentally? Write the relation between the radius and mass
number of nucleus.
(ii) Prove that the density of a nucleus is independent of its mass number. (3)

(Set – 3)
1. The radius of nucleus. The radius of nucleus will be
(a) (b) ( ) (c) ( ) (d) ( )

CBSE 2022
1. Define the term distance of closest approach. How will it be affected, for an α- particle, if kinetic energy of
the particle is doubled? (3)

2. Calculate the energy released in MeV in the following reaction : (3)

Given :

CBSE 2020
(SET – 1)
1. When two nuclei ( A ≤ 10) fuse together to form a heavier nucleus, the
(a) Binding energy per nucleon increases. (b) Binding energy per nucleon decreases.
(c) Binding energy per nucleon does not change. (d) total binding energy decreases.

CBSE 2019
1. (a) State two distinguishing features of nuclear force.
(b) Draw the plot showing the variation of potential energy of a pair of nucleon as a function of their
separation. Mark the regions on the graph where the force is (i) attractive, and (ii) repulsive. (3)

CBSE 2018
1. Four nuclei of an element undergo fusion to form a heavy nucleus, with release of energy. Which of the
two - the parent or the daughter nucleus – would have higher binding energy per nucleon? (1)
2. Explain the processes of nuclear fission and nuclear fusion by using the plot of binding energy per nucleon
(BE/A) versus the mass number A.

CBSE 2015
1. (a) Write three characteristic properties of nuclear force.
(b) Draw a plot of potential energy of a pair of nucleons as a function of their separation. Write two important
conclusions that can be drawn from the graph. (3)

CBSE 2013
1. (a) Draw the plot of binding energy per nucleon (BE/A) as a function of mass number A. Write two important
conclusions that can be drawn regarding the nature of nuclear force.
(b) Use this graph to explain the release of energy in both the processes of nuclear fusion and fission. (5)